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Rajendiran S, Li Ping W, Veloo Y, Syed Abu Thahir S. Awareness, knowledge, disease prevention practices, and immunization attitude of hepatitis E virus among food handlers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2318133. [PMID: 38433096 PMCID: PMC10913695 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2318133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Concern about the zoonotic Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is rising. Since, food handlers are at greater risk in contracting HEV, the present study aims to determine awareness, knowledge, prevention practices against HEV, and immunization attitudes. A cross sectional study was conducted among 400 food handlers in Klang Valley, Malaysia from December 2021 to March 2022. A structured questionnaire was employed for data collection and analysis with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 29. Approximately 4.5% of the respondents (18) reported having heard of HEV, while the median scores for the knowledge and practice domains were 0/10 and 1/5, respectively. A total of 316 (79%) respondents expressed willingness to obtain vaccination if made available. This study also found that those respondents who completed their tertiary education were significantly possessed better knowledge of the disease [odd ratio (OR) = 8.95, and 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.98-16.10]. Respondents with HEV awareness reported considerably better practices (OR = 8.24, 95% CI 1.72-39.63). Food handlers with one to five years of experience in the industry expressed notable willingness to take vaccination (OR = 7.71, 95% CI 1.79-33.18). Addressing poor HEV awareness and knowledge and poor practices against the disease is crucial in enlightening the policy makers about awareness among food handlers and general population. Nonetheless, a good immunization attitude, significant acceptance toward vaccination even with the vaccine being unavailable in Malaysia, and limited awareness of HEV highlight a promising development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshaleni Rajendiran
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Wong Li Ping
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuvaneswary Veloo
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Syahidiah Syed Abu Thahir
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Shun EHK, Situ J, Tsoi JYH, Wu S, Cai J, Lo KHY, Chew NFS, Li Z, Poon RWS, Teng JLL, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY, Sridhar S. Rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) exposure in cats and dogs, Hong Kong. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2337671. [PMID: 38551320 PMCID: PMC11018080 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) variants infecting humans belong to two species: Paslahepevirus balayani (bHEV) and Rocahepevirus ratti (rat hepatitis E virus; rHEV). R. ratti is a ubiquitous rodent pathogen that has recently been recognized to cause hepatitis in humans. Transmission routes of rHEV from rats to humans are currently unknown. In this study, we examined rHEV exposure in cats and dogs to determine if they are potential reservoirs of this emerging human pathogen. Virus-like particle-based IgG enzymatic immunoassays (EIAs) capable of differentiating rHEV & bHEV antibody profiles and rHEV-specific real-time RT-PCR assays were used for this purpose. The EIAs could detect bHEV and rHEV patient-derived IgG spiked in dog and cat sera. Sera from 751 companion dogs and 130 companion cats in Hong Kong were tested with these IgG enzymatic immunoassays (EIAs). Overall, 13/751 (1.7%) dogs and 5/130 (3.8%) cats were sero-reactive to HEV. 9/751 (1.2%) dogs and 2/130 (1.5%) cats tested positive for rHEV IgG, which was further confirmed by rHEV immunoblots. Most rHEV-seropositive animals were from areas in or adjacent to districts reporting human rHEV infection. Neither 881 companion animals nor 652 stray animals carried rHEV RNA in serum or rectal swabs. Therefore, we could not confirm a role for cats and dogs in transmitting rHEV to humans. Further work is required to understand the reasons for low-level seropositivity in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estie Hon-Kiu Shun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Situ
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - James Yiu-Hung Tsoi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shusheng Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianpiao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Hon-Yin Lo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nicholas Foo-Siong Chew
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rosana Wing-Shan Poon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jade Lee-Lee Teng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People’s Republic of China
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Ferrara G, Pagnini U, Improda E, Ciarcia R, Parisi A, Fiorito F, Della Valle G, Iovane G, Montagnaro S. Detection of anti-HEV antibodies but no molecular positivity in dogs in the Campania region, southern Italy. One Health 2024; 18:100724. [PMID: 38623500 PMCID: PMC11017036 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Paslahepevirus balayani genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV-3 and 4) have zoonotic potential and can be transmitted to humans and animals through the consumption of contaminated raw or undercooked meat. Although it has been demonstrated that dogs are susceptible to the infection and produce specific antibodies, the epidemiological role of this species is not yet well defined. This study aimed to evaluate the circulation of HEV at the serological and molecular level in the dog population of the Campania region, southern Italy. A total of 231 dogs were sampled, divided according to several variables (sex, age, origin, lifestyle, location, size, and breed), and tested for the presence of HEV antibodies using a commercial multi-species ELISA. A total of 197 blood samples and 170 stool samples were tested with two specific PCRs in order to detect viral RNA. A total of 19 out samples of 231 were seropositive, obtaining an exposure (8.2%) similar to that observed in other European countries. The univariate and multivariate analysis revealed a wide exposure to stray dogs and animals from the province of Salerno. All samples tested with molecular methods were negative. Defining the role of domestic carnivores continues to be a "one health" challenge, although it appears that they do not eliminate the virus and therefore do not pose a danger to humans. In the absence of other evidence, it is advisable to continue to carry out surveillance also for domestic animals, which, due to ethological characteristics or their position in the food chain, could be predisposed to being exposed to HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - U. Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - E. Improda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - R. Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Parisi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - F. Fiorito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Della Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - S. Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Ianiro G, Pavoni E, De Sabato L, Monini M, Delibato E, Perrone V, Ostanello F, Niine T, Di Bartolo I. Investigation of Salmonella, hepatitis E virus (HEV) and viral indicators of fecal contamination in four Italian pig slaughterhouses, 2021-2022. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105209. [PMID: 38460205 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In the pork production chain, the control at slaughterhouse aims to ensure safe food thanks to proper hygienic conditions during all steps of the slaughtering. Salmonella is one of the main foodborne pathogens in the EU causing a great number of human cases, and pigs also contribute to its spreading. Pig is the main reservoir of the zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) that can be present in liver, bile, feces and even rarely in blood and muscle. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of both Salmonella and HEV in several points of the slaughtering chain, including pig trucks. Other viruses hosted in the gut flora of pigs and shed in feces were also assayed (porcine adenovirus PAdV, rotavirus, norovirus, and mammalian orthoreovirus MRV). Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) present in both feces, liver and blood was also considered. Four Italian pig abattoirs were sampled in 12 critical points, 5 of which were the outer surface of carcasses before processing. HEV and rotavirus (RVA) were not detected. Norovirus was detected once. Salmonella was detected in two of the 4 abattoirs: in the two lairage pens, in the site of evisceration and on one carcass, indicating the presence of Salmonella if carcass is improper handled. The sampling sites positive for Salmonella were also positive for PAdV. MRV was detected in 10 swabs, from only two abattoirs, mainly in outer surface of carcasses. TTSuV was also detected in all abattoirs. Our study has revealed a diverse group of viruses, each serving as indicator of either fecal (NoV, RVA, PAdV, MRV) or blood contamination (TTSuV). TTSuV could be relevant as blood contamination indicators, crucial for viruses with a viremic stage, such as HEV. The simultaneous presence of PAdV with Salmonella is relevant, suggesting PAdV as a promising indicator for fecal contamination for both bacterial and viruses. In conclusion, even in the absence of HEV, the widespread presence of Salmonella at various points in the chain, underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and mitigation strategies which could be achieved by testing not only bacteria indicators as expected by current regulation, but also some viruses (PAdV, TTSuV, MRV) which could represent other sources of fecal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ianiro
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Pavoni
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini" (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca De Sabato
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Monini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Delibato
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Ostanello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Tarmo Niine
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ilaria Di Bartolo
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Liu T, He Q, Yang X, Li Y, Yuan D, Lu Q, Tang T, Guan G, Zheng L, Zhang H, Xia C, Yin X, Wei G, Chen X, Lu F, Wang L. An Immunocompetent Mongolian Gerbil Model for Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1 Infection. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00364-0. [PMID: 38582270 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis E virus (HEV), primarily genotype 1 (HEV-1), causes approximately 20.1 million infections, 44000 deaths, and 3000 stillbirths annually. Current evidence indicates that HEV-1 is only transmitted in humans. Here, we evaluated whether Mongolian gerbils can serve as animal models for HEV-1 infection. METHODS Mongolian gerbils were used for HEV-1 and HEV-3 infection experiments. HEV infection parameters, including detection of HEV RNA and HEV antigen, liver function assessment, and histopathology, were evaluated. RESULTS We adapted a clinical isolate of HEV-1 for Mongolian gerbils by serial passaging in feces of aged male gerbils. The gerbil-adapted strain obtained at passage 3 induced a robust, acute HEV infection, characterized by stable fecal virus shedding, elevated liver enzymes, histopathological changes in the liver, and seroconversion to anti-HEV. An infectious cDNA clone of the adapted virus was generated. HEV-1-infected pregnant gerbils showed a high rate of maternal mortality and vertical transmission. HEV RNA or antigens were detected in the liver, kidney, intestine, placenta, testis, and fetus liver. Liver and placental transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of host immunity. Tacrolimus prolonged HEV-1 infection, whereas ribavirin cleared infection. The protective efficacy of a licensed HEV vaccine was validated using this model. CONCLUSIONS HEV-1 efficiently infected Mongolian gerbils. This HEV-1 infection model will be valuable for investigating hepatitis E immunopathogenesis and evaluating vaccines and antivirals against HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu He
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Disen Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghui Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guiwe Guan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guochao Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Xiang Z, He XL, Zhu CW, Yang JJ, Huang L, Jiang C, Wu J. Animal models of hepatitis E infection: Advances and challenges. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024; 23:171-180. [PMID: 37852916 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Although most of HEV infections are asymptomatic, some patients will develop the symptoms, especially pregnant women, the elderly, and patients with preexisting liver diseases, who often experience anorexia, nausea, vomiting, malaise, abdominal pain, and jaundice. HEV infection may become chronic in immunosuppressed individuals. In addition, HEV infection can also cause several extrahepatic manifestations. HEV exists in a wide range of hosts in nature and can be transmitted across species. Hence, animals susceptible to HEV can be used as models. The establishment of animal models is of great significance for studying HEV transmission, clinical symptoms, extrahepatic manifestations, and therapeutic strategies, which will help us understand the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of hepatitis E. This review summarized the animal models of HEV, including pigs, monkeys, rabbits, mice, rats, and other animals. For each animal species, we provided a concise summary of the HEV genotypes that they can be infected with, the cross-species transmission pathways, as well as their role in studying extrahepatic manifestations, prevention, and treatment of HEV infection. The advantages and disadvantages of these animal models were also emphasized. This review offers new perspectives to enhance the current understanding of the research landscape surrounding HEV animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xiang-Lin He
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Chuan-Wu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China.
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Panajotov J, Falkenhagen A, Gadicherla AK, Johne R. Molecularly generated rat hepatitis E virus strains from human and rat show efficient replication in a human hepatoma cell line. Virus Res 2024; 344:199364. [PMID: 38522562 PMCID: PMC10995862 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. Whereas HEV genotypes 1-4 of species Paslahepevirus balayani are commonly found in humans, infections with ratHEV (species Rocahepevirus ratti) were previously considered to be restricted to rats. However, several cases of human ratHEV infections have been described recently. To investigate the zoonotic potential of this virus, a genomic clone was constructed here based on sequence data of ratHEV strain pt2, originally identified in a human patient with acute hepatitis from Hongkong. For comparison, genomic clones of ratHEV strain R63 from a rat and of HEV genotype 3 strain 47832mc from a human patient were used. After transfection of in vitro-transcribed RNA from the genomic clones into the human hepatoma cell line HuH-7-Lunet BLR, virus replication was shown for all strains by increasing genome copy numbers in cell culture supernatants. These cells developed persistent virus infections, and virus particles in the culture supernatant as well as viral antigen within the cells were demonstrated. All three generated virus strains successfully infected fresh HuH-7-Lunet BLR cells. In contrast, the human hepatoma cell lines HuH-7 and PLC/PRF/5 could only be infected with the genotype 3 strain and to a lesser extent with ratHEV strain R63. Infection of the rat-derived hepatoma cell lines clone 9, MH1C1 and H-4-II-E did not result in efficient virus replication for either strain. The results indicate that ratHEV strains from rats and humans can infect human hepatoma cells. The replication efficiency is strongly dependent on the cell line and virus strain. The investigated rat hepatoma cell lines could not be infected and other rat-derived cells should be tested in future to identify permissive cell lines from rats. The developed genomic clone can represent a useful tool for future research investigating pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of ratHEV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashish K Gadicherla
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Liu T, Cao Y, Weng J, Gao S, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Xia C, Yin X, Luo Y, He Q, Jiang H, Wang L, Zhang ZH. Hepatitis E virus infects human testicular tissue and Sertoli cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024:2332657. [PMID: 38517709 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2332657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
AbstractGlobally, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are prevalent. The finding of high viral loads and persistent viral shedding in ejaculate suggests that HEV replicates within the human male genital tract, but its target organ is unknown and appropriate models are lacking. We aimed to determine the HEV tropism in human testis and its potential influence on male reproductive health. We conducted ex vivo culture of human testis explants and in vitro culture of primary human Sertoli cells. Clinically derived HEV genotype 1 (HEV1) and HEV3 virions, as well as rat derived HEV-C1, were used for inoculation. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on testis tissues collected from tacrolimus-treated rabbits with chronic HEV3 infection. Our findings reveal that HEV3, but not HEV1 or HEV-C1, can replicate in human testis explants and primary human Sertoli cells. Tacrolimus treatment significantly enhanced the replication efficiency of HEV3 in testis explants and enabled successful HEV1 infection in Sertoli cells. HEV3 infection disrupted the secretion of several soluble factors and altered the cytokine microenvironment within primary human Sertoli cells. Finally, intratesticular transcriptomic analysis of immunocompromised rabbits with chronic HEV infection indicated a downregulation of genes associated with spermatogenesis. HEV can infect the human testicular tissues and Sertoli cells, with increased replication efficiency when exposed to tacrolimus treatment. These findings shed light on how HEV may persist in ejaculate of patients with chronic hepatitis E and provide valuable ex vivo tool for studying countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yalei Cao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaming Weng
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Songzhan Gao
- Department of Andrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Kangfu Qian Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zirun Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuzhuo Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiyu He
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - ZHe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Semaan D, O'Connor L, Scobie L. Evaluation of Food Homogenates on Cell Survival In Vitro. Food Environ Virol 2024:10.1007/s12560-024-09586-3. [PMID: 38499912 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in food recommended that a cell culture-based method should be developed. Due to the observations that viral loads in food may be low, it is important to maximise the potential for detection of HEV in a food source in order to fully assess infectivity. To do so, would require minimal processing of any target material. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method that is simple, robust and reproducible, there are a number of points to address; one being to assess if food homogenates are cytotoxic to HEV susceptible target cells. Food matrices previously shown to have detectable HEV nucleic acid were selected for analysis and assessed for their effect on the percentage survival of three cell lines commonly used for infectivity assays. Target cells used were A549, PLC/PRF/5 and HepG2 cells. The results showed that, as expected, various food homogenates have differing effects on cells in vitro. In this study, the most robust cell line over a time period was the A549 cell line in comparison to HepG2, with PLC/PRF/5 cells being the most sensitive. Overall, this data would suggest that FH can be left in contact with A549 cells for a period of up to 72 h to maximise the potential for testing infection. Using food homogenates directly would negate any concerns over losing virus as a result of any additional processing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Semaan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Liam O'Connor
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Linda Scobie
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
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10
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Johne R, Scholz J, Falkenhagen A. Heat stability of foodborne viruses - Findings, methodological challenges and current developments. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110582. [PMID: 38290272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Heat treatment of food represents an important measure to prevent pathogen transmission. Thus far, evaluation of heat treatment processes is mainly based on data from bacteria. However, foodborne viruses have gained increasing attention during the last decades. Here, the published literature on heat stability and inactivation of human norovirus (NoV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was reviewed. Data for surrogate viruses were not included. As stability assessment for foodborne viruses is often hampered by missing infectivity assays, an overview of applied methods is also presented. For NoV, molecular capsid integrity assays were mainly applied, but data from initial studies utilizing novel intestinal enteroid or zebrafish larvae assays are available now. However, these methods are still limited in applicability and sensitivity. For HAV, sufficient cell culture-based inactivation data are available, but almost exclusively for one single strain, thus limiting interpretation of the data for the wide range of field strains. For HEV, data are now available from studies using pig inoculation or cell culture. The results of the reviewed studies generally indicate that NoV, HAV and HEV possess a high heat stability. Heating at 70-72 °C for 2 min significantly reduces infectious titers, but often does not result in a >4 log10 decrease. However, heat stability greatly varied dependent on virus strain, matrix and heating regime. In addition, the applied method largely influenced the result, e.g. capsid integrity assays tend to result in higher measured stabilities than cell culture approaches. It can be concluded that the investigated foodborne viruses show a high heat stability, but can be inactivated by application of appropriate heating protocols. For HAV, suggestions for safe time/temperature combinations for specific foods can be derived from the published studies, with the limitation that they are mostly based on one strain only. Although significant improvement of infectivity assays for NoV and HEV have been made during the last years, further method development regarding sensitivity, robustness and broader applicability is important to generate more reliable heat inactivation data for these foodborne viruses in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johannes Scholz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Falkenhagen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Wu H, Li B, Yu B, Hu L, Zhou L, Yin J, Lu Y. Genomic characterization of Rocahepevirus ratti hepatitis E virus genotype C1 in Yunnan province of China. Virus Res 2024; 341:199321. [PMID: 38242291 PMCID: PMC10831724 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The Rocahepevirus ratti hepatitis E virus genotype C1 (HEV-C1) has been documented to infect humans. However, the understanding of HEV-C1 remains constrained. This study aims to determine the prevalence and genomic characteristics of HEV-C1 in small animals in Yunnan province of southwestern China. A total of 444 liver tissues were collected from animals covering the orders Rodentia, Soricomorpha, Scandentia and Erinaceomorpha in three regions in Yunnan. Then Paslahepevirus balayani and Rocahepevirus were examined using RT-qPCR. The detection rate of Rocahepevirus was 12.95 % (36/278) in animals of order Rodentia, with 14.77 % (35/237) in Rattus tanezumi and 33.33 % (1/3) in Niviventer fulvescens. No Paslahepevirus balayani was detected. Additionally, two full-length Rocahepevirus sequences (MSE-17 and LHK-54) and thirty-three partial ORF1 sequences were amplified and determined to be HEV-C1. MSE-17 and LHK-54 shared moderate nucleotide identity (78.9 %-80.3 %) with HEV-C1 isolated in rats and humans. The HEV-C1 isolated from Niviventer fulvescens demonstrated a 100 % nucleotide identity with that from Rattus tanezumi. The rat HEV-C1 sequences isolated in our study and other Asian HEV-C1 sequences were phylogenetically distant from those isolated in North America and Europe. Furthermore, the two full-length sequences isolated in our study had less amino acid substitutions in the motifs of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain (F204L and L238F), compared with other Asian sequences. In summary, HEV-C1 commonly spreads in rats in Yunnan province of China. Our findings suggest a spatially associated phylogeny, and potential cross-species transmission of HEV-C1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingzhe Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bowen Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Linjie Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaxiang Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China.
| | - Yihan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Ejaz M, Zohaib A, Usman M, Anwar MM, Khan HS, Ammar M, Saqib M, Khan SG, Athar MA, Mansoor MK, Ullah A, Naseem M, Hussain MH, Javed A. Genotypic analysis of hepatitis E virus (HEV) from sporadic symptomatic cases in Pakistan. Infect Genet Evol 2024; 118:105567. [PMID: 38342162 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Pakistan is the fifth most populous nation in the world and faces several challenges, including devastating floods, sub-optimal sanitary conditions, clustered accommodations, and unregulated cross-border movements. These drastic population shifts make it vulnerable to the efficient spread of the Hepatitis E virus (HEV). The current study analyzed the genotypic characteristics and variants of the Hepatitis E virus circulating in the population of Pakistan. A total of 75 ELISA-IgM positive samples were collected from three metropolitan cities: Lahore, Peshawar, and Karachi, and subjected to viral RNA extraction. The amplification of the HEV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region was done using Nested PCR and degenerate primers. Out of the total, 40% of the samples were positive for HEV RNA. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified the new HEV isolates as Subtype 1 g, a subtype within an existing HEV genotype 1. This shift warrants investigation into its impact on clinical manifestation and disease severity. Importantly, this study marks the first HEV subtype analysis in Pakistan, contributing valuable insights into subtype diversity and prevalence in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momina Ejaz
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zohaib
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Anwar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ammar
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Ghani Khan
- Chemical Pathology Department, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Athar
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Medical Center DHA Phase 1, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ahsaan Ullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mehvish Naseem
- Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hammad Hussain
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Aneela Javed
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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13
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de Araújo LRMG, Batista AD, Côelho MRCD, Santos JC, Cunha GG, Leal GRA, Pinho JRR, Domingues ALC, Lopes EP. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in patients with chronic liver disease. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:357-364. [PMID: 38123902 PMCID: PMC10920483 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is little known in Brazil. Studies have suggested that HEV may harmfully influence the course of CLD, with a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of the anti-HEV antibody (IgG) in patients with CLD and to describe demographic data and risk factors, as well as clinical-laboratory and ultrasound parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study that included 227 patients with CLD followed at a referral outpatient clinic from June 2022 to March 2023. The patients were investigated clinically and tested for liver functions, anti-HEV IgG and, in positive cases, for HEV-RNA. Ultrasonography of the upper abdomen was also carried out. RESULTS Investigation of 227 patients (50 with hepatitis B, 49 with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 33 with hepatitis C, 17 with alcoholic liver disease, 16 with schistosomiasis and 62 with mixed disease), 55.5% were female, with an average age of 57 ± 13 years; 37.9% had liver cirrhosis. Seven patients (3.08%) presented anti-HEV positive and HEV-RNA negative. Ultrasound identified association between anti-HEV and contact with pigs, presence of gynecomastia or palmar erythema, lower platelet count, higher APRI and FIB-4 values, and splenomegaly. CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of anti-HEV in patients with CLD was low in this study, the antibody was observed more frequently in cases with a history of contact with pigs and with clinical-laboratory or imaging evidence of more advanced chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Rose Maia Gomes de Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Center of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.
- Gastroenterology Division, Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 135, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Dória Batista
- Gastroenterology Division, Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 135, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosângela Cunha Duarte Côelho
- Laboratory of Virology, Keizo Asami Institute (LIKA), Departament of Phisiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Galindo Cunha
- Laboratory of Virology, Keizo Asami Institute (LIKA), Departament of Phisiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues Aguiar Leal
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Center of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, Keizo Asami Institute (LIKA), Departament of Phisiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Tropical Hepatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Coutinho Domingues
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Center of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
- Gastroenterology Division, Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 135, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Edmundo Pessoa Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Center of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.
- Gastroenterology Division, Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 135, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.
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14
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Veneri C, Brandtner D, Mancini P, Bonanno Ferraro G, Iaconelli M, Del Giudice C, Ciccaglione AR, Bruni R, Equestre M, Marcantonio C, Suffredini E, La Rosa G. Detection and full genomic sequencing of rare hepatitis E virus genotype 4d in Italian wastewater, undetected by clinical surveillance. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169698. [PMID: 38160838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), primarily transmitted through contaminated water or food. There are four different HEV genotypes in humans, with genotypes 1 and 2 being the most widespread. Genotypes 3 and 4 are found in animals and can also infect humans. Genotype 4 is prevalent in Asia, mainly in China. In Italy, only one outbreak of HEV-4 has been documented, which occurred in 2011, involving five patients. In 2013, HEV G4 was also detected in a pig farm. Since then, no further evidence of HEV genotype 4 has been found in the country. This study describes the first detection of HEV genotype 4, subtype d, in wastewater in central Italy, despite a lack of any clinical case reported in the area. By using a multiplex PCR protocol and two sequencing strategies, Illumina and ONT, the virus's complete genome was sequenced and characterized as subtype 4d. These findings shed light on the potential of environmental surveillance for infectious agents to improve our understanding of epidemiology and support public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Veneri
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - D Brandtner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Mancini
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G Bonanno Ferraro
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C Del Giudice
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A R Ciccaglione
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Bruni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Equestre
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - C Marcantonio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - E Suffredini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Turlewicz-Podbielska H, Ruszkowski JJ, Wojciechowski J, Pomorska-Mól M. No evidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among pet cats and dogs, and low seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus among pet rabbits in Poland. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:597-602. [PMID: 37740104 PMCID: PMC10811079 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The seroprevalence of Paslahepevirus balayani genotype 3 (hepatitis E virus genotype 3 - HEV-3; Hepeviridae family, genus Paslahepevirus) in pet cats, dogs and rabbits was evaluated. Samples from cats and dogs were collected from three veterinary practices from various parts of Poland: Poznan (wielkopolskie voivodeship), Przemysl (podkarpackie voivodeship) and Lublin (lubelskie voivodeship). Samples from rabbits were collected in Poznan. In total, serum samples from 90 cats, 82 dogs and 71 rabbits were selected and tested for specific anti-HEV-3 immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies using a commercial ELISA test. Pathogen seroprevalence among rabbits was calculated at a 95% confidence interval (CI) for each gender, age (up to 12 months, 1-3 years, 4-7 years and over 8 years), symptoms group (healthy, gastrointestinal disorders, other disorders) and compared with a chi-squared test. No anti-HEV-3 IgG antibodies were detected in any of the samples from cats and dogs. Anti-HEV-3 IgG antibodies were detected in 2.82% of the serum samples from rabbits (2/71; 95% CI: 0.78-9.70). No significant correlations between seropositivity and gender, age, and symptoms (p > 0.05) were observed in rabbits. Our findings indicate that pet rabbits in Poland are exposed to HEV-3, develop humoral response due to infection and might constitute a source for HEV-3 transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Turlewicz-Podbielska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60‑637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Jędrzej Ruszkowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60‑625, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60‑637, Poznan, Poland.
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16
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Tan J, Harlow J, Cecillon J, Nasheri N. Assessing the efficacy of different bead-based assays in capturing hepatitis E virus. J Virol Methods 2024; 324:114860. [PMID: 38061674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) generally causes acute liver infection in humans and its transmission could be waterborne, foodborne, bloodborne, or zoonotic. To date, there is no standard method for the detection of HEV from food and environmental samples. Herein, we explored the possibility of using magnetic beads for the capture and detection of HEV. For this purpose, we employed Dynabeads M-270 Epoxy magnetic beads, coated with different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HEV capsid protein, and the Nanotrap Microbiome A Particle magnetic beads, which are coated with chemical affinity baits, to capture HEV-3 particles in suspension. Viral RNA was extracted by heat-shock or QIAamp viral RNA kit and subjected to quantification using digital-droplet RT-PCR (ddRT-PCR). We demonstrated that the mAb-coupled Dynabeads and the Nanotrap particles, both were able to successfully capture HEV-3. The latter, however had lower limit of detection (<140gc compared with <1400 gc) and significantly higher extraction efficiency in comparison to the mAb-coupled Dynabeads (41.1% vs 8.8%). We have also observed that viral RNA extraction by heat-shock is less efficient compared to using highly denaturing reagents in QIAmp viral RNA extraction kit. As such, magnetic beads have the potential to be used to capture HEV virions for research and surveillance purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Tan
- National Food Virology Reference Centre, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Harlow
- National Food Virology Reference Centre, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jonathon Cecillon
- National Food Virology Reference Centre, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Neda Nasheri
- National Food Virology Reference Centre, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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17
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Liang C, Liang ZC, Liu H, Bai L, Zhao J, Tang S, Chen XY, Hu ZJ, Wang L, Zheng SJ. [A case report on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis E after kidney transplantation]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2024; 32:72-75. [PMID: 38320794 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231116-00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- C Liang
- Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Z C Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - L Bai
- Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - J Zhao
- Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - S Tang
- Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - X Y Chen
- Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Z J Hu
- Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - S J Zheng
- Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Mesquita JR, Santos-Silva S, Ferreira N, Rivero-Juarez A, Gonçalves G, Nascimento MSJ. Hepatitis E Virus in Individuals Undergoing Heparin Therapy: An Observational Serological and Molecular Study. Curr Drug Saf 2024; 19:CDS-EPUB-137105. [PMID: 38204276 DOI: 10.2174/0115748863272272231122114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heparin is derived from swine and has been suggested as a possible source of HEV. To study the potential risk of HEV infection associated with heparin treatment, two groups of individuals were compared. Sera from heparinized (N=93) and non-heparinized individuals (N=111) were tested for markers of acute HEV infection and anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence. METHOD An acute HEV case was defined by the presence of anti-HEV IgM and/or HEV RNA. From the 93 heparinized individuals, one was positive for IgM and IgG anti-HEV and two were positive for HEV RNA (for both ORF3 and ORF2), and there were a total of two (2.2%) cases of current or recent HEV infection. From the 111 non-heparinized individuals, three were positive for IgM anti-HEV, one was positive for both IgM and IgG anti-HEV, and none was positive for HEV RNA, and there were a total of three (2.7%) cases of current or recent HEV infection. The difference between HEV cases in the heparinized individuals and the non-heparinized individuals was not statistically significant (2.2% vs. 2.7%; p = 0.799). RESULTS Concerning IgG anti-HEV, it was detected in 32 individuals from the heparinized group and in 18 from the non-heparinized control group. A statistically significant difference was observed in the presence of anti-HEV IgG in heparinized individuals and controls (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION This study has not found any association between heparin treatment and acute HEV infection, but has shown the use of therapeutic heparin as a risk factor for IgG anti-HEV seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Mesquita
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Santos-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nanci Ferreira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guilherme Gonçalves
- Unidade de Saúde Pública do ACES Ave-Famalicão, ARS Norte, Ministério da Saúde, Portugal
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Cui M, Sun W, Xue Y, Yang J, Xu T. Hepatitis E virus and Klebsiella pneumoniae co-infection detected by metagenomics next-generation sequencing in a patient with central nervous system and bloodstream Infection: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:33. [PMID: 38166638 PMCID: PMC10763291 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide with major prevalence in the developing countries and can cause extrahepatic disease including the nervous system. Central nervous system infections caused by HEV are rare and caused by HEV together with other bacteria are even rarer. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to a headache lasting for 6 days and a fever for 3 days. Lab tests showed significantly raised indicators of inflammation, cloudy cerebrospinal fluid, and liver dysfunction. Hepatitis E virus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The patient received meropenem injection to treat K. pneumoniae infection, isoglycoside magnesium oxalate injection and polyene phosphatidylcholine injection for liver protection. After ten days of treatment, the patient improved and was discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSION Metagenomic next-generation sequencing, which can detect various types of microorganisms, is powerful for identifying complicated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Science and Education, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Dinfectome Inc, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
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20
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Wiesenfarth M, Stamminger T, Zizer E, Tumani H, Ludolph AC. Neurological manifestation of HEV infection: still a rare disease entity? J Neurol 2024; 271:386-394. [PMID: 37737892 PMCID: PMC10769984 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the most common form of viral hepatitis and is reported to cause neurological manifestation in up to 30% of diagnosed infections. We evaluated the medical reports of all patients (n = 29,994) who were discharged from the Department of Neurology of Ulm University between 01.01.2015 and 30.09.2022 to detect neurological manifestations of HEV. In addition, we retrospectively analyzed the serum samples of n = 99 patients representing different neurological diseases possibly related to HEV for anti-HEV-IgM and anti-HEV-IgG. At the time of discharge from hospital, the etiology of neurological symptoms in these patients was unclear. Overall, five cases of extrahepatic neurological manifestation of HEV (defined as anti-HEV-IgM and HEV-IgG positive) could be detected. An increase of both, anti-IgM- and anti-IgG-serum levels was significantly more common in neuralgic amyotrophy/plexus neuritis/radiculitis than in AIDP/CIDP (P = 0.01), meningitis/encephalitis (P = 0.02), idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis (P = 0.02) and tension headache (P = 0.02). In 15% (n = 15 out of 99) of retrospectively analyzed serum samples, conspicuous positive anti-HEV-IgG levels were detected. This finding was most common in AIDP/CIDP. In conclusion, results of this study indicate neurological manifestation of HEV to be a rare but still underestimated course of disease, occurring at any age and gender. Therefore, testing for HEV should be considered in patients with neurological symptoms of unknown origin, especially in those with neuralgic amyotrophy/plexus neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eugen Zizer
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Schäfer G, Lübke R, Degen O, Mader M, Scheiter R, Wolski A, Addo MM, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Pischke S. Lack of evidence of acute HEV infections as a sexually transmitted disease: Data from a German cohort of PrEP users. Braz J Infect Dis 2024; 28:103720. [PMID: 38365184 PMCID: PMC10885309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the sexual transmissibility of HAV in MSM has been extensively described, the potential for sexual transmission of HEV has not been definitively established. Although HEV has been detected in the ejaculate of chronically infected men, studies among MSM PrEP users in France did not observe an elevated anti-HEV seroprevalence as an indicator of increased exposure risk by sexual intercourse. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 111 unselected PrEP users and 111 age- and sex-matched blood donors were tested for anti-HEV IgG, IgM and HEV (PCR). Of the participants 79/111 (71 %) responded to a questionnaire covering topics as sexual preferences, previous sexually transmitted diseases, profession, food consumption, and pet ownership. RESULTS The anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in PrEP users (22 %) did not differ significantly from the rate in controls (17 %). While one PrEP user and three controls tested positive for anti-HEV IgM, all PrEP users and controls tested PCR negative. CONCLUSION In immunocompetent individuals with frequent changes of sexual partners, the epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus does not significantly involve the sexual transmission route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Schäfer
- ICH Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Ambulanzentrum des UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rabea Lübke
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Degen
- Ambulanzentrum des UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Mader
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Scheiter
- Ambulanzentrum des UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Wolski
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel and Heidelberg Partner sites, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel and Heidelberg Partner sites, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Pischke
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel and Heidelberg Partner sites, Hamburg, Germany.
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22
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Tang ZM, Wen GP, Ying D, Wang SL, Liu C, Tian WK, Wang YB, Fang MJ, Zhou YL, Ge YS, Wu T, Zhang J, Huang SJ, Zheng ZZ, Xia NS. Profile of clinical characteristics and serologic markers of sporadic hepatitis E in a community cohort study. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2140613. [PMID: 36314245 PMCID: PMC9769141 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2140613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a pathogen of global significance, but the value of HEV-related markers in the diagnosis of hepatitis E remains controversial. Previous studies on hepatitis E profiles have been mainly cross-sectional and conducted among inpatients in large hospitals, and hepatitis E cases have been primarily defined by limited partial markers. In this community-based study, 4,110 active hepatitis cases from a population of nearly 600,000 were followed over 48 months and serial serum samples were collected. Both HEV pathogen (HEV RNA and antigen) and anti-HEV antibody markers were used to determine HEV infection status and the relationship between hepatitis and HEV infection. In total, 98 hepatitis E patients were identified and all available isolates from 58 patients belonged to HEV genotype 4. The mean age of the patients was 58.14 years, with an overwhelming proportion of males (70.4%). Hepatitis E accounted for 22.86% of active hepatitis cases with alanine aminotransferase levels ≥15.0-fold the upper limit of normal, suggesting the need to include HEV in routine testing for these patients. Ninety-two hepatitis E patients were positive for at least 2 of HEV antigen, anti-HEV IgM, and HEV RNA markers at presentation, and 90.22% of them were positive for HEV antigen and anti-HEV IgM. HEV antigen, HEV RNA, and anti-HEV IgM positivity were observed in 89.80%, 82.65%, and 93.88% of hepatitis E patients at presentation, respectively. However, only 57.14% of anti-HEV IgM positivity occurred in hepatitis E patients. These findings will advance our understanding of hepatitis E and improve diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Min Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Ping Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China,United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Kun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Mu-Jin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Sheng Ge
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Shou-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China, Shou-Jie Huang ; Zi-Zheng Zheng ; Ning-Shao Xia National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zi-Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China, Shou-Jie Huang ; Zi-Zheng Zheng ; Ning-Shao Xia National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ning-Shao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China, Shou-Jie Huang ; Zi-Zheng Zheng ; Ning-Shao Xia National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
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23
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Riveiro-Barciela M, Roade L, Martínez-Camprecios J, Vidal-González J, Rodríguez-Diez B, Perelló M, Ortí G, Robles-Alonso V, Berastegui C, Navarro J, Martínez-Valle F, Bilbao I, Castells L, Ventura-Cots M, Llaneras J, Rando-Segura A, Forns X, Lens S, Prieto M, García-Eliz M, Imaz A, Rodríguez-Frías F, Buti M, Esteban R. mTOR inhibitors a potential predisposing factor for chronic hepatitis E: Results from the prospective collaborative CHES study (Chronic Hepatitis EScreening in patients with immune impairment and increased transaminases levels). Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 46:764-773. [PMID: 36731726 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) in persons with immune impairment has a progressive course leading to a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis. However, prospective data on chronic HEV is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for chronic HEV infection in subjects with immune dysfunction and elevated liver enzymes. PATIENTS AND METHODS CHES is a multicenter prospective study that included adults with elevated transaminases values for at least 6 months and any of these conditions: transplant recipients, HIV infection, haemodialysis, liver cirrhosis, and immunosuppressant therapy. Anti-HEV IgG/IgM (Wantai ELISA) and HEV-RNA by an automated highly sensitive assay (Roche diagnostics) were performed in all subjects. In addition, all participants answered an epidemiological survey. RESULTS Three hundred and eighty-one patients were included: 131 transplant recipients, 115 cirrhosis, 51 HIV-infected subjects, 87 on immunosuppressants, 4 hemodialysis. Overall, 210 subjects were on immunosuppressants. Anti-HEV IgG was found in 94 (25.6%) subjects with similar rates regardless of the cause for immune impairment. HEV-RNA was positive in 6 (1.6%), all of them transplant recipients, yielding a rate of chronic HEV of 5.8% among solid-organ recipients. In the transplant population, only therapy with mTOR inhibitors was independently associated with risk of chronic HEV, whereas also ALT values impacted in the general model. CONCLUSIONS Despite previous abnormal transaminases values, chronic HEV was only observed among solid-organ recipients. In this population, the rate of chronic HEV was 5.8% and only therapy with mTOR inhibitors was independently associated with chronic hepatitis E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Riveiro-Barciela
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Roade
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Martínez-Camprecios
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Vidal-González
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Basilio Rodríguez-Diez
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Perelló
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ortí
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Robles-Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Digestive System Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Berastegui
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Navarro
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-Valle
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itxarone Bilbao
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Castells
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Ventura-Cots
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Llaneras
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Rando-Segura
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Forns
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Lens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martín Prieto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Unit, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - María García-Eliz
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Unit, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Imaz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Frías
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Liver Pathology Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Clinical Laboratories, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Spain
| | - Maria Buti
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Esteban
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
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Kumar A, Hooda P, Puri A, Khatter R, S. Al-Dosari M, Sinha N, Parvez MK, Sehgal D. Methotrexate, an anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits Hepatitis E viral replication. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2280500. [PMID: 37975328 PMCID: PMC11003484 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2280500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is a positively oriented RNA virus having a 7.2 kb genome. HEV consists of three open reading frames (ORF1-3). Of these, ORF1 codes for the enzymes Methyltransferase (Mtase), Papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Unavailability of a vaccine or effective drug against HEV and considering the side effects associated with the off-label use of ribavirin (RBV) and pegylated interferons, an alternative approach is required by the modulation of specific enzymes to prevent the infection. HEV helicase is involved in unwinding the double-stranded RNA, RNA processing, transcriptional regulation, and pre-mRNA processing. Therefore, we screened FDA-approved compounds from the ZINC15 database against the modelled 3D structure of HEV helicase and found that methotrexate and compound A (Pubchem ID BTB07890) inhibit the NTPase and dsRNA unwinding activity leading to inhibition of HEV RNA replication. This may be further authenticated by in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Virology lab, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida, India
| | - Preeti Hooda
- Department of Life Sciences, Virology lab, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida, India
| | - Anindita Puri
- Department of Life Sciences, Virology lab, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida, India
| | - Radhika Khatter
- Department of Life Sciences, Virology lab, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida, India
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Sinha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad K. Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Sehgal
- Department of Life Sciences, Virology lab, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida, India
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Milton AAP, Das S, Ghatak S, Srinivas K, Angappan M, Prasad MCB, Wahlang L, Priya GB, Khan S, Sailo B, Lalhruaipuii, Singh M, Garam GB, Sen A. First Seroepidemiological Investigation of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Backyard Pigs from Northeastern India: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors. Food Environ Virol 2023; 15:307-317. [PMID: 37682460 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis globally, with zoonotic potential, and pigs are considered the major reservoir. To determine the seroprevalence of HEV infection in pigs reared in backyard conditions in the northeastern region of India, blood samples were collected from 400 pigs from five northeastern states (80 samples from each state) and tested for IgG antibodies against HEV using an ELISA assay. Questionnaires on farm characteristics and management practices were completed, and risk factors associated with HEV were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis. The apparent seroprevalence of HEV infection was 51% (46.1-55.9, 95% CI), with a true prevalence of 52.98% (47.22-58.75, 95% CI). The risk factors significantly associated with higher HEV seropositivity were as follows: lack of disinfection (OR 4.65), feeding swill (restaurant and bakery waste) (OR 2.55), failure to follow the all-in-all-out production system (OR 3.47), and medium holding size (OR 9.83), which refers to mixed rearing of younger and older age groups. This study demonstrates that HEV is widespread among pigs reared in northeastern India. The risk factor analysis conducted in this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of HEV in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A P Milton
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Samir Das
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - S Ghatak
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - K Srinivas
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - M Angappan
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - M C B Prasad
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - L Wahlang
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - G Bhuvana Priya
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sabia Khan
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Blessa Sailo
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Lalhruaipuii
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mahak Singh
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - G B Garam
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Veterinary & Dairy Development, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - A Sen
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
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Carlos GC, Beatriz ML, Carles C, Raquel CC, Emmanuel S, Josep Maria LM, Jordi SC, Santiago L, Jorge Ramón LO. Assessing the epidemiological risk at the human-wild boar interface through a one health approach using an agent-based model in Barcelona, Spain. One Health 2023; 17:100598. [PMID: 37520846 PMCID: PMC10372376 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild boar (WB, Sus scrofa) populations are increasing in urban areas, posing an epidemiological risk for zoonotic pathogens such as hepatitis E virus (HEV) and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter (AMR-CAMP), as well as non-zoonotic pathogens such as African swine fever virus (ASFV). An epidemiological extension of a validated Agent-Based Model (ABM) was developed to assess the one-year epidemiological scenarios of HEV, AMR-CAMP, and ASFV in the synurbic WB-human interface in Barcelona, Spain. The predicted citizen exposure was similar for HEV and AMR-CAMP, at 0.79% and 0.80% of the human population in Barcelona, respectively, despite AMR-CAMP being more prevalent in the WB population than HEV. This suggests a major role of faeces in pathogen transmission to humans in urban areas, resulting in a non-negligible public health risk. The ASFV model predicted that the entire WB population would be exposed to the virus through carcasses (87.6%) or direct contact (12.6%) in 51-71 days after the first case, with an outbreak lasting 71-124 days and reducing the initial WB population by 95%. The ABM predictions are useful for animal and public health risk assessments and to support risk-based decision-making. The study underscores the need for interdisciplinary cooperation among animal, public, and environmental health managers, and the implementation of the One Health approach to address the epidemiological and public health risks posed by the synurbization of WB in urban areas. The spatially explicit epidemiological predictions of the ABM can be adapted to other diseases and scenarios at the wildlife-livestock-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- González-Crespo Carlos
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Martínez-López Beatriz
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Conejero Carles
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Castillo-Contreras Raquel
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serrano Emmanuel
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - López-Martín Josep Maria
- Department of Climatic Action, Food and Rural Agenda, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serra-Cobo Jordi
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lavín Santiago
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - López-Olvera Jorge Ramón
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Stahl Y, Kabar I, Heinzow H, Maasoumy B, Bremer B, Wedemeyer H, Schmidt HHJ, Pietschmann T, Schlevogt B, Behrendt P. Enhanced monitoring and detection of recent genotype 3 hepatitis E virus infection through urine antigen testing. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2251598. [PMID: 37649441 PMCID: PMC10512750 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2251598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis. Numerous studies have investigated the dynamics of HEV infection markers, but the most suitable marker for diagnosing ongoing or recent HEV infection remains to be determined. Recent evidence suggests that serum antigen testing is superior to serum IgM and RNA quantification. Moreover, it has been found that infected individuals excrete HEV antigen in significant quantities through urine. To address this question, we conducted a longitudinal analysis involving 16 patients with acute or chronic HEV infection in an area where genotype 3 HEV is prevalent. Our findings indicate that the diagnostic and monitoring capabilities of antigen testing for HEV infection can be further enhanced by measuring it in urine. Additionally, we were able to demonstrate that this enhancement is likely due to the presence of HEV-reactive IgG in blood plasma, which hampers efficient detection of HEV antigen through sandwich ELISA. In conclusion, urine-based antigen testing appears to be superior to measuring anti-HEV antibodies or viral RNA for diagnosing suspected HEV infection and monitoring ongoing infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Stahl
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Iyad Kabar
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine, Raphaelsklinik Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hauke Heinzow
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, Klinikum Der Barmherzigen Brüder Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Benjamin Maasoumy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Disease and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Disease and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Disease and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- RESIST Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hartmut H.-J. Schmidt
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schlevogt
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Disease and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
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Treagus S, Lowther J, Longdon B, Gaze W, Baker-Austin C, Ryder D, Batista FM. Metabarcoding of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 and Norovirus GII from Wastewater Samples in England Using Nanopore Sequencing. Food Environ Virol 2023; 15:292-306. [PMID: 37910379 PMCID: PMC7615314 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus is one of the largest causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen that has become the most dominant cause of acute viral hepatitis in recent years. The presence of norovirus and HEV has been reported within wastewater in many countries previously. Here we used amplicon deep sequencing (metabarcoding) to identify norovirus and HEV strains in wastewater samples from England collected in 2019 and 2020. For HEV, we sequenced a fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene targeting genotype three strains. For norovirus, we sequenced the 5' portion of the major capsid protein gene (VP1) of genogroup II strains. Sequencing of the wastewater samples revealed eight different genotypes of norovirus GII (GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.9, GII.13 and GII.17). Genotypes GII.3 and GII.4 were the most commonly found. The HEV metabarcoding assay was able to identify HEV genotype 3 strains in some samples with a very low viral concentration determined by RT-qPCR. Analysis showed that most HEV strains found in influent wastewater were typed as G3c and G3e and were likely to have originated from humans or swine. However, the small size of the HEV nested PCR amplicon could cause issues with typing, and so this method is more appropriate for samples with high CTs where methods targeting longer genomic regions are unlikely to be successful. This is the first report of HEV RNA in wastewater in England. This study demonstrates the utility of wastewater sequencing and the need for wider surveillance of norovirus and HEV within host species and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Treagus
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK.
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK.
- UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Porton Down, SP4 0JG, Wiltshire, UK.
| | - James Lowther
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Ben Longdon
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - William Gaze
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | | | - David Ryder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
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Yang Y, Liu B, Tian J, Teng X, Liu T. Vital role of autophagy flux inhibition of placental trophoblast cells in pregnancy disorders induced by HEV infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2276336. [PMID: 37882369 PMCID: PMC10796124 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2276336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has become one of the important pathogens that threaten the global public health. Type 3 and 4 HEV are zoonotic, which can spread vertically and cause placental damage. At the same time, autophagy plays an important role in the process of embryo development and pregnancy maintenance. However, the relationship between HEV and autophagy, especially in the placenta tissue, has not been clarified. We found lower litter rates in HEV-infected female mice, with significant intrauterine abortion of the embryo (24.19%). To explore the effects of HEV infection on placenta autophagy, chorionic cells (JEG-3) and mice placenta have been employed as research objects, while the expression of autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) has been detected in JEG-3 cells with different times of HEV inoculation. The results demonstrated that the expression of protein LC3 decreased and p62 accumulated, meanwhile ATGs such as ATG4B, ATG5, and ATG9A in JEG-3 cells have decreased significantly. In addition, the maturation of autophagosomes, which referred to the process of the combination of autophagosomes and lysosomes was prevented by HEV infection as well. All processes of autophagic flux, which include the initiation, development, and maturation three stages, were suppressed in JEG-3 cells after HEV infection. Similarly, the protein and gene expression of LC3 were significantly decreased in the placenta of pregnant mice with HEV infection. In summary, our results suggested that HEV inhibited autophagy in JEG-3 cells and placenta of pregnant mice, which might be the important pathogenic mechanisms of HEV infection leading to embryo abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jijing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuepeng Teng
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Yin X, Kan F. Hepatitis E virus infection and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 87:102457. [PMID: 37797398 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential role of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial and poorly investigated. We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate whether HEV infection increases the risk of HCC. METHODS We searched international databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science Collection, Embase, and Scopus) for peer-reviewed research articles published from inception to May 1, 2023. The pooled estimates of the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Between-study heterogeneity was measured using I² and Q-statistic. Sensitivity and cumulative analyses were performed to examine the stability of our results. RESULTS We identified seven eligible studies involving 1873 HCC cases and 8679 control subjects; the latter included 7382 healthy controls and 1297 patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD). Overall, we observed statistically significant associations between HEV infection and risk of HCC (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.26-3.0). According to the types of the controls, the association was significant when healthy individuals were the controls (OR 2.28, 95%CI 1.43-3.64), whereas the association was not significant when the patients had CLD (OR 1.66, 95%CI 0.76-3.61). The Egger's test and funnel plot indicated that there is no publication bias (p = 0.1) in the studies included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity and cumulative analyses also indicated stability of our results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that individuals with HEV infection had an increased risk of HCC; however, further well-designed clinical and experimental studies are needed to confirm these observations. Furthermore, whether various genotypes of HEV differ in promoting HCC also needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo 255200, China
| | - Fanggong Kan
- Department of Oncology, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo 255200, China.
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Cancela F, Cravino A, Icasuriaga R, González P, Bentancor F, Leizagoyen C, Echaides C, Ferreiro I, Cabrera A, Arbiza J, Mirazo S. Co-circulation of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Genotype 3 and Moose-HEV-Like Strains in Free-Ranging-Spotted Deer (Axis axis) in Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2023; 15:281-291. [PMID: 37642917 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emerging foodborne zoonosis in industrialized, non-endemic countries. Domestic pigs and wild boars are considered the main reservoir of HEV. However, HEV can also infect an ever-expanding host range of animals, but they exact role in transmitting the virus to other species or humans is mostly unknown. In this work, we investigated the spread of HEV in free-living and captive spotted deer (Axis axis) from Uruguay in a 2-year period (2020-2022) and examined the role of this invasive species as a new potential reservoir of the virus. In addition, with the aim to gain new insights into viral ecology in the context of One Health, by using camera trapping, we identified and quantified temporal and spatial coexistence of spotted deer, wild boars, and cattle. In free-living animals, we detected an anti-HEV seropositivity of 11.1% (6/54). HEV infection and viral excretion in feces were assessed by RT-PCR. Thirteen of 19 samples (68.4%) had HEV RNA. Six samples were amplified using a broadly reactive RT-PCR and sequenced. No captive animal showed evidence of HEV infection. Additionally, HEV RNA was detected in a freshwater pond shared by these species. Phylogenetic and p-distance analysis revealed that zoonotic HEV genotype 3 strains circulate together with unclassified variants related to moose HEV whose potential risk of transmission to humans and other domestic and wild animals is unknown. The data presented here suggest that spotted deer (A. axis) may be a novel host for zoonotic HEV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cancela
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alexandra Cravino
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Ecología de la Conservación, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Icasuriaga
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Carmen Leizagoyen
- Parque Lecocq, Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - César Echaides
- Parque Lecocq, Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Irene Ferreiro
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Cabrera
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Arbiza
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Mirazo
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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32
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Locus T, Lambrecht E, Lamoral S, Willems S, Van Gucht S, Vanwolleghem T, Peeters M. A Multifaceted Approach for Evaluating Hepatitis E Virus Infectivity In Vitro: Cell Culture and Innovative Molecular Methods for Integrity Assessment. Vet Sci 2023; 10:676. [PMID: 38133227 PMCID: PMC10748075 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus is a prominent cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. In Western countries, most infections are asymptomatic. However, acute self-limiting hepatitis and chronic cases in immunocompromised individuals can occur. Studying HEV is challenging due to its difficulty to grow in cell culture. Consequently, the detection of the virus mainly relies on RT-qPCR, which cannot differentiate between infectious and non-infectious particles. To overcome this problem, methods assessing viral integrity offer a possible solution to differentiate between intact and damaged viruses. This study aims at optimizing existing HEV cell culture models and RT-qPCR-based assays for selectively detecting intact virions to establish a reliable model for assessing HEV infectivity. In conclusion, these newly developed methods hold promise for enhancing food safety by identifying approaches for inactivating HEV in food processing, thereby increasing food safety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Locus
- Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Unit, Flemish Research Institute for Agriculture (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium or (T.L.); (E.L.)
- Sciensano, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Viral Diseases, Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Viral Hepatitis Research Group, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ellen Lambrecht
- Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Unit, Flemish Research Institute for Agriculture (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium or (T.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Sophie Lamoral
- Sciensano, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Viral Diseases, Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Sjarlotte Willems
- Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Unit, Flemish Research Institute for Agriculture (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium or (T.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Steven Van Gucht
- Sciensano, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Viral Diseases, Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanwolleghem
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Viral Hepatitis Research Group, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Michael Peeters
- Sciensano, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Viral Diseases, Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
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Viltrop A, Niine T, Tobias T, Sassu EL, Bartolo ID, Pavoni E, Alborali GL, Burow E, Smith RP. A Review of Slaughter Practices and Their Effectiveness to Control Microbial - esp. Salmonella spp. - Contamination of Pig Carcasses. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100171. [PMID: 37778508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The BIOPIGEE project (part of the One Health European Joint Programme under Horizon 2020) aimed to identify relevant measures to effectively control Salmonella, and another zoonotic pathogen, hepatitis E virus (HEV) within the pig meat food chain. The aim of this study was to identify biosecurity measures or management practices that are relevant for limiting Salmonella and/or HEV occurrence and spread within pig slaughterhouses. This was with the final goal of compiling a list of biosecurity measures for different processes and operations along the slaughter line with evidence of their effectiveness. To achieve this, a literature review was conducted on studies estimating the effectiveness of measures applied in slaughterhouses to reduce the microbial contamination of pig carcasses. Results of this literature search are discussed and presented in summary tables that could be used as a source of information for the pig slaughter industry to further develop their guidelines on hygienic slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvo Viltrop
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu 51006, Estonia.
| | - Tarmo Niine
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu 51006, Estonia.
| | - Tijs Tobias
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health Unit, Yalelaan 7, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Royal GD (Animal Health Service), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands.
| | - Elena Lucia Sassu
- Institute of Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Mödling, Austria.
| | - Ilaria Di Bartolo
- Dept. of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Enrico Pavoni
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elke Burow
- German Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Biological Safety, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Richard Piers Smith
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency - Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
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Corneillie L, Lemmens I, Montpellier C, Ferrié M, Weening K, Van Houtte F, Hanoulle X, Cocquerel L, Amara A, Tavernier J, Meuleman P. The phosphatidylserine receptor TIM1 promotes infection of enveloped hepatitis E virus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:326. [PMID: 37833515 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an underestimated RNA virus of which the viral life cycle and pathogenicity remain partially understood and for which specific antivirals are lacking. The virus exists in two forms: nonenveloped HEV that is shed in feces and transmits between hosts; and membrane-associated, quasi-enveloped HEV that circulates in the blood. It is suggested that both forms employ different mechanisms for cellular entry and internalization but little is known about the exact mechanisms. Interestingly, the membrane of enveloped HEV is enriched with phosphatidylserine, a natural ligand for the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1 (TIM1) during apoptosis and involved in 'apoptotic mimicry', a process by which viruses hijack the apoptosis pathway to promote infection. We here investigated the role of TIM1 in the entry process of HEV. We determined that HEV infection with particles derived from culture supernatant, which are cloaked by host-derived membranes (eHEV), was significantly impaired after knockout of TIM1, whereas infection with intracellular HEV particles (iHEV) was unaffected. eHEV infection was restored upon TIM1 expression; and enhanced after ectopic TIM1 expression. The significance of TIM1 during entry was further confirmed by viral binding assay, and point mutations of the PS-binding pocket diminished eHEV infection. In addition, Annexin V, a PS-binding molecule also significantly reduced infection. Taken together, our findings support a role for TIM1 in eHEV-mediated cell entry, facilitated by the PS present on the viral membrane, a strategy HEV may use to promote viral spread throughout the infected body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corneillie
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases (LLID), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Building MRBII, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Irma Lemmens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde 75, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claire Montpellier
- U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, Lille, France
| | - Martin Ferrié
- U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, Lille, France
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases (LLID), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Building MRBII, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Van Houtte
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases (LLID), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Building MRBII, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- EMR9002-BSI-Integrative Structural Biology, CNRS, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Cocquerel
- U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, Lille, France
| | - Ali Amara
- UMR 7212, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U944, CNRS, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde 75, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases (LLID), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Building MRBII, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Hakze-van der Honing RW, van Oort S, Dirks RAM, van der Poel WHM. Development of an Ex Vivo Assay for Identification of Infectious Hepatitis E Virus in Different Kinds of Food Samples. Pathogens 2023; 12:1231. [PMID: 37887746 PMCID: PMC10610002 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus and a major cause of acute viral hepatitis. HEV is responsible for 20 million infections worldwide in humans every year. HEV-3 and HEV-4 are zoonotic and are responsible for most of the HEV cases in developed countries. Consumption of contaminated pig meat or pig products is considered to be the main transmission route of HEV HEV-3 in Europe. Prevalence studies for HEV generally use PCR methods to detect the presence or absence of genomic RNA. However, these methods do not discriminate infectious virus particles from non-infectious material. Previously developed HEV cell culture systems only worked with high efficiency after cell line adaptation of the subjected virus strains. In this manuscript, the development of a culture system for the detection of infectious HEV strains is described. For this purpose, we optimized the isolation and the growth of primary hepatocytes from young piglets. Subsequently, the isolated hepatocytes were used to culture HEV of different origins, such as liver tissue samples and sausage samples. This method can be applied to better assess the risk of infection through consumption of food products associated with HEV RNA contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate W. Hakze-van der Honing
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University and Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 Lelystad, The Netherlands; (S.v.O.); (W.H.M.v.d.P.)
| | - Sophie van Oort
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University and Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 Lelystad, The Netherlands; (S.v.O.); (W.H.M.v.d.P.)
| | - René A. M. Dirks
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. M. van der Poel
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University and Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 Lelystad, The Netherlands; (S.v.O.); (W.H.M.v.d.P.)
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Cancela F, Icasuriaga R, Cuevas S, Hergatacorzian V, Olivera M, Panzera Y, Pérez R, López J, Borzacconi L, González E, Montaldo N, Gaitán M, López-Verges S, Bortagaray V, Victoria M, Colina R, Arbiza J, Berois M, Mirazo S. Epidemiology Update of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Uruguay: Subtyping, Environmental Surveillance and Zoonotic Transmission. Viruses 2023; 15:2006. [PMID: 37896784 PMCID: PMC10612089 DOI: 10.3390/v15102006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is an emergent zoonotic disease of increasing concern in developed regions. HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) is mainly transmitted through consumption of contaminated food in high-income countries and is classified into at least 13 subtypes (3a-3n), based on p-distance values from complete genomes. In Latin America, HEV epidemiology studies are very scant. Our group has previously detected HEV3 in clinical cases, swine, wild boars, captive white-collared peccaries, and spotted deer from Uruguay. Herein, we aimed to provide novel insights and an updated overview of the molecular epidemiology of zoonotic HEV in Uruguay, including data from wastewater-based surveillance studies. A thorough analysis of HEV whole genomes and partial ORF2 sequences from Uruguayan human and domestic pig strains showed that they formed a separate monophyletic cluster with high nucleotide identity and exhibited p-distance values over the established cut-off (0.093) compared with reference subtypes' sequences. Furthermore, we found an overall prevalence of 10.87% (10/92) in wastewater, where two samples revealed a close relationship with humans, and animal reservoirs/hosts isolates from Uruguay. In conclusion, a single, new HEV-3 subtype currently circulates in different epidemiological settings in Uruguay, and we propose its designation as 3o along with its reference sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cancela
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (F.C.)
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Romina Icasuriaga
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (F.C.)
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Valentina Hergatacorzian
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Mauricio Olivera
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (R.P.)
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (R.P.)
| | - Julieta López
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Liliana Borzacconi
- Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Elizabeth González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Montaldo
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Melissa Gaitán
- Departamento de Virología y Biotecnología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá 0801, Panama
| | - Sandra López-Verges
- Departamento de Virología y Biotecnología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá 0801, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Senacyt, Panamá 0801, Panama
| | - Viviana Bortagaray
- Laboratorio de Virología molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay (M.V.)
| | - Matías Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay (M.V.)
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay (M.V.)
| | - Juan Arbiza
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Mabel Berois
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Santiago Mirazo
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (F.C.)
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Kinast V, Andreica I, Ahrenstorf G, Gömer A, Elsner C, Schlienkamp S, Schrader JA, Klöhn M, Ulrich RG, Broering R, Vondran FWR, Todt D, Behrendt P, Dittmer U, Hamprecht A, Witte T, Baraliakos X, Steinmann E. Janus kinase-inhibition modulates hepatitis E virus infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105690. [PMID: 37517633 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) usually causes a self-limiting disease, but especially immunocompromised individuals are at risk to develop a chronic and severe course of infection. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKi) are a novel drug class for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD). As JAKs play a key role in innate immunity, viral infections and reactivations are frequently reported during JAKi treatment in AIRD patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of JAKis on HEV replication. To this end, we evaluated liver enzymes of an AIRD patient under JAKi therapy with hepatitis E. Further, experiments with HEV (Kernow-C1 p6) were performed by infection of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) followed by immunofluorescence staining of viral markers and transcriptomic analysis. Infection experiments in PHHs displayed an up to 50-fold increase of progeny virus production during JAKi treatment and transcriptomic analysis revealed induction of antiviral programs during infection. Upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) was perturbed in the presence of JAKis, concomitant with elevated HEV RNA levels. The obtained results suggest that therapeutic JAK inhibition increases HEV replication by modulating the HEV-triggered immune response. Therefore, JAKi treatment and the occurrence of elevated liver enzymes requires a monitoring of potential HEV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Kinast
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Ioana Andreica
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Gerrit Ahrenstorf
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Gömer
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carina Elsner
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlienkamp
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jil Alexandra Schrader
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mara Klöhn
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Disease, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- ReMediES, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, External Partner Site, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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Santos-Silva S, da Silva Dias Moraes DF, López-López P, Rivero-Juarez A, Mesquita JR, Nascimento MSJ. Hepatitis E Virus in the Iberian Peninsula: A Systematic Review. Food Environ Virol 2023; 15:193-211. [PMID: 37434079 PMCID: PMC10499749 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent causes of acute viral hepatitis is hepatitis E virus (HEV) causing 20 million infections worldwide each year and 44,000 deaths. Studies on HEV in the Iberian Peninsula have been increasing through time with HEV infection being identified in humans and animals. The aim of the present systematic review was to compile and evaluate all the published data on HEV from studies performed in humans, animals and environmental samples in the Iberian Peninsula. The electronic databases Mendeley, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched, and research published up until February 01, 2023 were included. Resulting in a total of 151 eligible papers by full reading and application of PRISMA exclusion/inclusion criteria. Overall, the present review shows that several HEV genotypes, namely HEV-1, 3, 4, and 6 as well as Rocahepevirus, are circulating in humans, animals, and in the environment in the Iberian Peninsula. HEV-3 was the most common genotype circulating in humans in Portugal and Spain, as expected for developed countries, with HEV-1 only being detected in travelers and emigrants from HEV endemic regions. Spain is the biggest pork producer in Europe and given the high circulation of HEV in pigs, with HEV-3 being primarily associated to zoonotic transmission through consumption of swine meat and meat products, in our opinion, the introduction of an HEV surveillance system in swine and inclusion of HEV in diagnostic routines for acute and chronic human hepatitis would be important. Additionally, we propose that establishing a monitoring mechanism for HEV is crucial in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of this illness and the various strains present in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their potential impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Santos-Silva
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro López-López
- Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - António Rivero-Juarez
- Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - João R Mesquita
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
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Fatawou MA, Chavely MG, Henri MYM, Daniel KN, Claire EZM, Richard N. First Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus in Sewage Samples in Cameroon. Food Environ Virol 2023; 15:255-261. [PMID: 37553482 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents an important public health concern in many developing countries, including Africa. Transmission of HEV to humans by contaminated drinking water is the most important mode of transmission in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the presence of HEV in the environment in Cameroon through molecular analysis of sewage samples. Retrospectively, a total of 157 sewage samples collected between January 2018 and December 2019 were randomly selected and analyzed by molecular techniques to detect and characterize the HEV followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Three samples (1.9%) collected from North, Far North, and Adamawa regions were positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerization chain reaction. Among these, 2 samples were positive for HEV ribonucleic acid by nested reverse transcription polymerization chain reaction and only one yielded a good sequencing product. Phylogenetic analysis of this unique HEV strain showed that this HEV strain belonged to genotype 3, subtype 3a, and clustered with swine HEV strains from Cameroon, Argentina, and the USA. This study provides preliminary data on the circulation of HEV in wastewater in Cameroon. Further studies will be needed to assess the overall situation in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Njouom Richard
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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40
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Zhang X, Cremers N, Hendrickx S, Debing Y, Roskams T, Coelmont L, Neyts J, Kaptein SJF. Establishment of a robust rat hepatitis E virus fecal-oral infection model and validation for antiviral studies. Antiviral Res 2023; 216:105670. [PMID: 37451630 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of hepatitis, with an estimated 3.3 million symptomatic cases annually. There is no HEV-specific treatment besides the off-label use of ribavirin and a vaccine is only available in China and Pakistan. To aid the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies, there is a need for convenient HEV infection models in small laboratory animals. To this end, we make use of the rat hepatitis E virus. Human infections with this virus have been reported in recent years, making it a relevant pathogen for the establishment of a small animal infection model. We here report that oral gavage of a feces suspension, containing a pre-defined viral RNA load, results in a reproducible synchronized infection in athymic nude rats. This route of administration mimics fecal-oral transmission in a standardized fashion. The suitability of the model to study the effect of antiviral drugs was assessed by using ribavirin, which significantly reduced viral loads in the feces, liver, and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Cremers
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Hendrickx
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tania Roskams
- KU Leuven, Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Suzanne J F Kaptein
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ou Y, Xu Y, Tan Z, Pang L, Li S, Li Q, Cai W, Nan Y, Tu J. A case of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induced by acute severe hepatitis E: successfully treated by plasma exchange and rituximab. Thromb J 2023; 21:74. [PMID: 37424014 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With its low morbidity and high mortality rates, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has imposed a critical physical and economic burden on both society and individuals. Thrombocytopenia commonly occurs in severe liver failure, and a variety of hepatitis viruses are known to induce immune thrombocytopenic purpura. However, TTP is extremely rare in hepatitis E virus infection. We hereby report a case of a 53-year-old male who present with TTP caused by severe hepatitis E, and the patients achieved successful recovery after treatment. Therefore, we propose considering AMAMTS13 testing as an essential and beneficial approach for accurately diagnosing and treating patients with severe hepatitis or infection with notable platelet decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Ou
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhaowang Tan
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
- Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 230030, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Pang
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shengqin Li
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wenwei Cai
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yong Nan
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Jianfeng Tu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Takahashi M, Kunita S, Nishizawa T, Ohnishi H, Primadharsini PP, Nagashima S, Murata K, Okamoto H. Infection Dynamics and Genomic Mutations of Hepatitis E Virus in Naturally Infected Pigs on a Farrow-to-Finish Farm in Japan: A Survey from 2012 to 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:1516. [PMID: 37515202 PMCID: PMC10385168 DOI: 10.3390/v15071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute or chronic hepatitis in humans. Pigs are the primary reservoir for zoonotic HEV genotypes 3 and 4 worldwide. This study investigated the infection dynamics and genomic mutations of HEV in domestic pigs on a farrow-to-finish pig farm in Japan between 2012 and 2021. A high prevalence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies was noted among pigs on this farm in 2012, when the survey started, and persisted for at least nine years. During 2012-2021, HEV RNA was detected in both serum and fecal samples, indicating active viral replication. Environmental samples, including slurry samples in manure pits, feces on the floor, floor and wall swabs in pens, and dust samples, also tested positive for HEV RNA, suggesting potential sources of infection within the farm environment. Indeed, pigs raised in HEV-contaminated houses had a higher rate of HEV infection than those in an HEV-free house. All 104 HEV strains belonged to subgenotype 3b, showing a gradual decrease in nucleotide identities over time. The 2012 (swEJM1201802S) and 2021 (swEJM2100729F) HEV strains shared 97.9% sequence identity over the entire genome. Importantly, the swEJM2100729F strain efficiently propagated in human hepatoma cells, demonstrating its infectivity. These findings contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, transmission dynamics, and genetic characteristics of HEV in domestic pigs, emphasizing the potential risks associated with HEV infections and are crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate the risk of HEV infection in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kunita
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nishizawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohnishi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Putu Prathiwi Primadharsini
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nagashima
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Pirani S, Pierini I, Manuali E, Bazzucchi M, De Mia GM, Giammarioli M. Paslahepevirus balayani ( Hepatitis E Virus) in Italian Nonungulate Wildlife: Molecular Detection and Characterization of an Isolate from a Crested Porcupine (Hystrix cristata). J Wildl Dis 2023; 59:460-464. [PMID: 37167074 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Paslahepevirus balayani (hepatitis E virus [HEV]) is the causative agent of hepatitis E, a worldwide zoonosis involving a wide range of hosts among domestic and wild animals. This species is characterized by a great genomic heterogeneity and includes eight genotypes, HEV-1 to HEV-8. The HEV-3 genotype is one of the most common types circulating in Italy in humans and Suidae. Although domestic and wild Sus scrofa and deer (Cervidae) are recognized as the main reservoirs of HEV, several other wild species are potential carriers. A total of 228 liver samples were collected from nonungulate wild animals, found dead, in the framework of the regional passive surveillance program in Umbria and Marche regions (central Italy) during 2018-20. These were tested using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for detection of RNA of HEV-1 to HEV-4 and confirmed by nested RT-PCR assay. One of the 11 samples collected from crested porcupines (Hystrix cristata) tested positive for the presence of HEV RNA; all other samples were negative. Sequence analysis based on the full-length genome revealed that this isolate, 49434/UM/2018 (accession no. OL658617), belongs to the HEV-3e subtype. These findings suggest a potential role of crested porcupines as a carrier of HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pirani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", via Gaetano Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pierini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", via Gaetano Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", via Gaetano Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Moira Bazzucchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 24124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gian Mario De Mia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", via Gaetano Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Giammarioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", via Gaetano Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Qian Z, Li T, Xia Y, Cong C, Chen S, Zhang Y, Gong S, Wang W, Liu H, Chen D, Zhao W, Zhong G, Deng Y, Yu W, Wei D, Yu X, Huang F. Genotype 4 Hepatitis E virus replicates in the placenta, causes severe histopathological damage, and vertically transmits to fetuses. J Infect 2023; 87:34-45. [PMID: 37160209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in pregnant women causes adverse pregnancy outcomes, including maternal death, premature delivery, stillbirth, and fetal infection. However, the pathogenesis of maternal and fetal HEV infection is unclear. METHODS Placenta and placental appendixes were collected from HEV-4 infected pregnant women to explore the vertical transmission of HEV from mothers to fetuses. RESULTS HEV-4 replicated in the placenta, placental membrane, and umbilical cord and was vertically transmitted from mothers to fetuses. HEV-4 placental infection resulted in serious histopathological damage, such as fibrosis and calcification, and severe inflammatory responses. Adverse maternal outcomes were observed in 38.5% of HEV-4 infected pregnant women. The distinct cytokine/chemokine expression patterns of HEV-infected pregnant women and nonpregnant women may contribute to the adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, the impaired maternal and fetal innate immune responses against HEV-4 facilitated viral replication during pregnancy. CONCLUSION HEV-4 replicates in the placenta and is vertically transmitted from mothers to fetuses, causing severe histopathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyao Qian
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Tengyuan Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yueping Xia
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Chao Cong
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Shuangfeng Chen
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Shiling Gong
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Huichan Liu
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Dongxue Chen
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wanqiu Zhao
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Guo Zhong
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yinlong Deng
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wenhai Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, PR China.
| | - Daqiao Wei
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China.
| | - Xiongwu Yu
- Qujing Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Qujing, PR China
| | - Fen Huang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Kunming, PR China.
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Chen C, Zhu A, Ye S, Li W, Fei L, Huang Q, Chen L. A new dyslipidemia-based scoring model to predict transplant-free survival in patients with hepatitis E-triggered acute-on-chronic liver failure. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:80. [PMID: 37355667 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatitis E virus (HEV)-triggered acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has unacceptably high short-term mortality. However, it is unclear whether the existing predictive scoring models are applicable to evaluate the prognosis of HEV-triggered ACLF. METHODS We screened datasets of patients with HEV-triggered ACLF from a regional tertiary hospital for infectious diseases in Shanghai, China, between January 2011 and January 2021. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded and compared to determine a variety of short-term mortality risk factors, which were used to develop and validate a new prognostic scoring model. RESULTS Out of 4952 HEV-infected patients, 817 patients with underlying chronic liver disease were enrolled in this study. Among these, 371 patients with HEV-triggered ACLF were identified and allocated to the training set (n = 254) and test set (n = 117). The analysis revealed that hepatic encephalopathy (HE), ascites, triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein A (apoA) were associated with 90-day mortality (P < 0.05). Based on these significant indicators, we designed and calculated a new prognostic score = 0.632 × (ascites: no, 1 point; mild to moderate, 2 points; severe, 3 points) + 0.865 × (HE: no, 1 point; grade 1-2, 2 points; grade 3-4, 3 points) - 0.413 × triacylglycerol (mmol/L) - 2.171 × apoA (g/L). Compared to four well-known prognostic models (MELD score, CTP score, CLIF-C OFs and CLIF-C ACLFs), the new scoring model is more accurate, with the highest auROCs of 0.878 and 0.896, respectively, to predict 28- and 90-day transplantation-free survival from HEV-triggered ACLF. When our model was compared to COSSH ACLF IIs, there was no significant difference. The test data also demonstrated good concordance. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to address the correlation between hepatitis E and serum lipids and provides a new simple and efficient prognostic scoring model for HEV-triggered ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jin-Shan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Aihong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jin-Shan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shanke Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jin-Shan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Weixia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jin-Shan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ling Fei
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jin-Shan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jin-Shan District, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jin-Shan District, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Zahedi MJ, Shafieipour S, Hayatbakhsh Abassi MM, Pourjamali N, Nakhaie M, Charostad J, Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd M, Lashkarizadeh MM, Karami Robati F, Dehghani A, Jahani Y, Arabzadeh SAM, Mollaei HR, Ranjbar E. Higher Risk of Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1: An Iranian Cross-sectional Study. Iran J Pathol 2023; 18:125-133. [PMID: 37600571 PMCID: PMC10439753 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2023.551657.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection may be common in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) patients and may lead to chronic infection as well as cirrhosis. We intended to determine the incidence of HEV infection among HIV-1 patients compared to individuals without HIV-1 infection. Methods In our cross-sectional study, 87 HIV-1-positive patients were compared to 93 healthy individuals in Kerman, Iran. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from all the participants. Plasma samples were evaluated for HEV IgM and IgG using the ELISA kit. Then, reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) was used in RNA extractions from PBMCs to check for the presence of HEV RNA. Results Among the subjects examined in our study, 61 (70.1%) and 71 (77.4%) out of patients with HIV-1 infection and healthy individuals were male, respectively. The average ages of patients with HIV-1 and the control group were 40.2 years and 39.9 years, respectively. No discernible differences were found between the two groups based on IgM and IgG seropositivity against the HEV. However, HEV-RNA was found in 8% of patients with HIV-1 and 1.1% of HIV-1-negative individuals (P=0.03). There was also an association between the HEV genome and anti-HEV and anti-HCV antibodies in HIV-1-positive patients (P=0.02 and P=0.014, respectively). Conclusion HEV infection may be more common in HIV-1 patients and may develop a chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals. Molecular-based HEV diagnostic tests, including RT-PCR assays, should be performed in HIV-1 patients with unknown impaired liver function tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Zahedi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Shafieipour
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hayatbakhsh Abassi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nader Pourjamali
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nakhaie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Javad Charostad
- Department of Microbiology, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Karami Robati
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azam Dehghani
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yunes Jahani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Mollaei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ranjbar
- Behavioral Disease Counseling Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Politi MD, Gallo A, Bouras G, Birkou M, Canard B, Coutard B, Spyroulias GA. 1H, 13C, 15N backbone resonance assignment of apo and ADP-ribose bound forms of the macro domain of Hepatitis E virus through solution NMR spectroscopy. Biomol NMR Assign 2023; 17:1-8. [PMID: 36272047 PMCID: PMC9589693 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-022-10111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The genome of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is 7.2 kilobases long and has three open reading frames. The largest one is ORF1, encoding a non-structural protein involved in the replication process, and whose processing is ill-defined. The ORF1 protein is a multi-modular protein which includes a macro domain (MD). MDs are evolutionarily conserved structures throughout all kingdoms of life. MDs participate in the recognition and removal of ADP-ribosylation, and specifically viral MDs have been identified as erasers of ADP-ribose moieties interpreting them as important players at escaping the early stages of host-immune response. A detailed structural analysis of the apo and bound to ADP-ribose state of the native HEV MD would provide the structural information to understand how HEV MD is implicated in virus-host interplay and how it interacts with its intracellular partner during viral replication. In the present study we present the high yield expression of the native macro domain of HEV and its analysis by solution NMR spectroscopy. The HEV MD is folded in solution and we present a nearly complete backbone and sidechains assignment for apo and bound states. In addition, a secondary structure prediction by TALOS + analysis was performed. The results indicated that HEV MD has a α/β/α topology very similar to that of most viral macro domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Politi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Angelo Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Georgios Bouras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Birkou
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Bruno Canard
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB) - UMR7257 CNRS - Case 932, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.
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Qian Z, Cong C, Li Y, Bi Y, He Q, Li T, Xia Y, Xu L, Mickael HK, Yu W, Liu J, Wei D, Huang F. Quantification of host proteomic responses to genotype 4 hepatitis E virus replication facilitated by pregnancy serum. Virol J 2023; 20:111. [PMID: 37264422 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide and causes approximately 30% case fatality rate among pregnant women. Pregnancy serum (PS), which contains a high concentration of estradiol, facilitates HEV replication in vitro through the suppression of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and cAMPK-PKA-CREB signaling pathways. However, the proteomics of the complex host responses to HEV infection, especially how PS facilitates viral replication, remains unclear. METHODS In this study, the differences in the proteomics of HEV-infected HepG2 cells supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) from those of HEV-infected HepG2 cells supplemented with serum from women in their third trimester of pregnancy were quantified by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technology. RESULTS A total of 1511 proteins were identified, among which 548 were defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). HEV-infected cells supplemented with PS exhibited the most significant changes at the protein level. A total of 328 DEPs, including 66 up-regulated and 262 down-regulated proteins, were identified in HEV-infected cells supplemented with FBS, whereas 264 DEPs, including 201 up-regulated and 63 down-regulated proteins, were found in HEV-infected cells supplemented with PS. Subsequently, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that in HEV-infected cells, PS supplementation adjusted more host genes and signaling pathways than FBS supplementation. The DEPs involved in virus-host interaction participated in complex interactions, especially a large number of immune-related protein emerged in HEV-infected cells supplemented with PS. Three significant or interesting proteins, including filamin-A, thioredoxin, and cytochrome c, in HEV-infected cells were functionally verified. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide new and comprehensive insight for exploring virus-host interactions and will benefit future studies on the pathogenesis of HEV in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyao Qian
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Cong
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Bi
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyuan Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Xia
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangheng Xu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Houfack K Mickael
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhai Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiankun Liu
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daqiao Wei
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fen Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
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Xiong XY, Liu X, Yin X. [Research progress in the etiology of hepatitis type E virus]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:460-465. [PMID: 37365020 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20230221-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis type E virus (HEV) is a significant infectious zoonotic disease that causes hepatitis E. The disease is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contaminated water or food and is transmissible between species and genera. The causative agent for the disease is the hepatitis type E virus, which is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family and a single-stranded RNA virus. Its 7.2 kb genome mainly contains three open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 encodes a non-structural polyprotein that mediates viral replication and transcription; ORF2 encodes a capsid protein and free antigen that induce neutralizing antibodies; ORF3 partially overlaps with ORF2 and encodes a small multifunctional protein involved in virion formation and release. HEV has a unique dual life cycle: it is excreted into feces in the form of naked virions but circulates in the blood in the form of "quasi-enveloped" particles. The two kinds of virus particles adsorb and penetrate the host cell in distinct ways, then internalize and decapsulate to replicate the genome, thereby producing more virion and releasing it outside the cell to mediate the virus's spread. This paper reviews the morphological characteristics, genome structure, encoded proteins, and function of HEV virus-like particles in order to provide a theoretical basis for basic research and comprehensive disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 8200 AB, The Netherlands
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - X Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Zhuang H. [Strengthening the study of chronic hepatitis E]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:449-454. [PMID: 37365018 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20230512-00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the incidence, modes of transmission, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis E.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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