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Zhong L, Bather JR, Daly BM, Kohlmann WK, Goodman MS, Rothwell E, Kaphingst KA. Investigation of interest in and timing preference for cancer predisposition testing and expanded carrier screening among women of reproductive age. PEC Innov 2023; 2:100128. [PMID: 37214524 PMCID: PMC10194195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective To examine cognitive, relational, and social predictors of interest in and timing preference for cancer predisposition testing (CPT) and expanded carrier screening (ECS) offered in routine gynecologic care for women of reproductive age. Methods Women between 20 and 35 years old who were currently pregnant or had a prior pregnancy (N = 351) completed an online survey. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to identify significant predictors of women's interest in and timing preference for CPT and ECS. Results Most respondents reported high interest in CPT and ECS and preferred to have them when planning for a pregnancy. Perceived importance of genetic information and negative attitude towards uncertainty predicted interest in CPT and ECS in multivariable models. Genetic knowledge predicted preference for CPT or ECS when planning for a pregnancy. Conclusion Educational and decision support tools should be developed to enhance women's knowledge and awareness of CPT and ECS and to provide them with strategies to manage uncertainty. Innovation We examined women's timing preference for CPT and ECS and the impact of partner support and trust with gynecologist. A context-specific attitudes toward uncertainty scale was used to investigate women's particular perceptions of uncertainty in genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Zhong
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jemar R. Bather
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brianne M. Daly
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Wendy K. Kohlmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Melody S. Goodman
- Department of Biostatistics, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Erin Rothwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Kaphingst
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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2
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Zhang B, Appel JR, Waite GN, Averill DB. It Is Never Too Early to Start: Educating Health Science Students to Become Future Educators. Med Sci Educ 2023; 33:1547-1552. [PMID: 38188378 PMCID: PMC10767174 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Teachers lead, learn, and live as they walk through the journey of education, experiencing humanity in and outside their classrooms. No task is small when it comes to teaching; it is a craftsmanship that takes years to develop, and never too early to get started. In this commentary, the authors extract thoughtful viewpoints from years of teaching experience regarding how to inspire and engage more students to become educators. After all, nothing is more exciting and rewarding for a teacher than to make more and better teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Given B315, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Joanna R. Appel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209 USA
| | - Gabi N. Waite
- Medical Education Department, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509 USA
| | - David B. Averill
- Medical Education Department, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509 USA
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3
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Stone H, FitzGibbon L, Millan E, Murayama K. Encouraging willingness to try insect foods with a utility-value intervention. Appetite 2023; 190:107002. [PMID: 37595755 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the benefits of eating insects (entomophagy), Western society is often inclined to reject this practice based on initial reactions of disgust. It is suggested there is potential to overcome this attitude through increasing interest and gaining knowledge of the benefits. One way to accomplish this is through an adapted utility-value intervention, traditionally applied in education research, to increase interest and perceived value in a topic. Across two studies (each with a one-month follow-up) participants researched and wrote an essay designed to increase interest and value in entomophagy or a control essay. Participants then completed a rating task assessing their willingness to try insect and familiar foods, along with other key attributes (e.g., sustainability). The utility-value intervention increased willingness to try insect foods as well as other key attributes compared to a non-insect control essay (Study 1). Unexpectedly, we also found a potentially similar (but smaller) effect of researching an insect-based recipe (Study 2) on willingness to try. The effects found in both studies were consistent at follow-up. These findings indicate the usefulness of utility-value interventions in encouraging entomophagy but also suggest that exposure to information about insect food, although less effective than a utility-value intervention, may also be sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stone
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Lily FitzGibbon
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK; College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Elena Millan
- Department of Applied Economics and Marketing, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Kou Murayama
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK; Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi, Japan
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4
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Guracho YD, Thomas SJ, Win KT. Smartphone application use patterns for mental health disorders: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Med Inform 2023; 179:105217. [PMID: 37748330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile mental health applications play a significant role in mental health care to fill gaps in care for mental disorders. Despite the growth in mobile phone apps for mental health conditions, patients' mental health smartphone application use, perceived usefulness, and future interest in using apps for mental disorders have not been systematically examined. METHODS The authors designed and conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Articles reporting mobile/smartphone applications used for mental disorders describing ownership, application use, perceived helpfulness, future interest to use, use patterns, and attitudes were included. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. Published articles from 2014 up to October 2022 were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. The heterogeneity test, publication bias, funnel plots and Egger's test were applied. The outcome was calculated by metaprop command using a random-effects model. RESULTS Ten studies met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of smartphone ownership, application use for current mental health disorders, perceived usefulness, and future interest in using the app for their mental health problem was 88.63%, 23.29%, 72.80%, and 78.97%, respectively. Heterogeneity and publication bias were detected. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that despite a considerable number of smartphone users, perceived usefulness, and future interest in using smartphone mental health applications among patients with mental disorders, only about one-fifth use an application for mental health disorders. The results show that there is a large potential to increase the use of apps for patients to support self-care in the growing era of digital mental health. Further research with consumers and mental health professionals is recommended to address barriers and improve mhealth app utilization. REGISTRATION Prospero international prospective register of systematic reviews with ID: CRD42022359416.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Deressa Guracho
- University of Wollongong, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, Wollongong, Australia; Bahir Dar University, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Susan J Thomas
- University of Wollongong, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Khin Than Win
- University of Wollongong, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, Wollongong, Australia
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Blinkoff E, Nesbitt KT, Golinkoff RM, Hirsh-Pasek K. Investigating the contributions of active, playful learning to student interest and educational outcomes. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 238:103983. [PMID: 37473668 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence from the science of learning demonstrates the educational effectiveness of active, playful learning. Connections are emerging between this pedagogy and the broad set of skills that it promotes in learners, but potential mechanisms behind these relations remain unexplored. This paper offers a commentary based on the science of learning and interest development literature, suggesting that interest may mediate the relation between active, playful learning and student outcomes. This theory is established by identifying principles of active, playful learning that predict interest development and associations between learner interest and key skills for success in the classroom and beyond. Future research should investigate the dynamic relation between active, playful learning, interest, and student achievement over time and across phases of interest while taking a broader set of student outcomes into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Blinkoff
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall 1701 N. 13(th) St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Kimberly T Nesbitt
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of New Hampshire, Pettee Hall 55 College Rd., Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | | | - Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall 1701 N. 13(th) St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; The Brookings Institution, 1775 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
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He H, Chen Y, Li T, Li H, Zhang X. The role of focus back effort in the relationships among motivation, interest, and mind wandering: an individual difference perspective. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2023; 8:43. [PMID: 37442897 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable research suggests a link between mind wandering and diminished levels of motivation and interest. During episodes of mind wandering, individuals may engage in efforts to redirect their attention back to the task at hand (known as focus back effort). Building on the resource-control hypothesis, we hypothesized that the influence of interest and motivation on mind wandering may be mediated by focus back effort. In Study 1, we employed a latent-variable approach to investigate these relationships across three tasks with varying cognitive demands. The results showed that individual differences in interest indirectly influenced mind wandering through the mediating factors of motivation and focus back effort. Furthermore, individual differences in interest indirectly predicted task performance through the mediating factors of motivation, focus back effort, and mind wandering during the high-load task. In Study 2, we replicated the relationships among these factors in a reading comprehension task. The results consistently support the role of focus back effort as an adaptive mechanism for executive control, enabling the allocation of cognitive resources to both mind wandering and task performance. These findings underscore the significance of focus back effort in elucidating the interplay between mind wandering, motivation, interest, and task performance. Importantly, our results align with the resource-control theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Tellhed U, Björklund F, Kallio Strand K, Schöttelndreier K. "Programming Is Not That Hard!" When a Science Center Visit Increases Young Women's Programming Ability Beliefs. J STEM Educ Res 2023; 6:1-23. [PMID: 37359319 PMCID: PMC10159224 DOI: 10.1007/s41979-023-00094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To increase engagement with science and technology, young people around the world are encouraged to attend activities at science centers. But how effective are these activities? Since women have weaker ability beliefs and interest in technology than men, it is especially important to learn how science center visits affect them. In this study, we tested if programming exercises offered to middle school students by a Swedish science center would increase ability beliefs and interest in programming. Students in grades 8 and 9 (n = 506) completed a survey before and after visiting the science center, and their ratings were compared to a wait-list control group (n = 169). The students participated in block-based, text-based, and robot programming exercises developed by the science center. The results showed that programming ability beliefs increased for women, but not men, and that interest in programming decreased for men, but not women. The effects persisted at a follow-up (2-3 months). The young men reported stronger ability beliefs and interest than the young women at all timepoints. The results imply that science center activities can make programming feel less hard, but adaptations may be needed to also increase interest. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41979-023-00094-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Tellhed
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Adejumo OA, Egbi OG, Okaka E, Ogiator MO, Ademola BL, Ngoka SC, Enikuomehin AC, Abolarin OS, Edeki IR. Determinants of Interest in Nephrology Career Choice among Internal Medicine Junior Residents in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:17-24. [PMID: 36716222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been decreased interest in postgraduate nephrology training over the years. This trend could worsen the shortage of nephrologists and inability to meet the health needs of patients with kidney diseases if not urgently addressed. AIM To determine interest in and determinants of nephrology career choice among junior internal medicine residents in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 273 junior residents in internal medicine across Nigeria. A self-administered questionnaire that was adapted from two previous studies was used for data collection. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 33.6±4.4 years with a male: female ratio of 1.8:1. This study showed that 16.8% and 21.6% of junior residents in internal medicine considered nephrology as their first and second choice area to specialize, respectively. Factors that ranked high as determinants of a decision to do nephrology were personal interest (94.3%), opportunities to perform renal procedures (93.3%), and exposure to nephrology training (85.7%). Factors that discouraged a choice of nephrology according to respondents were high mortality of renal patients (67.3%), poor outcomes of renal patients (70.2%), in ability to fund treatment by renal patients (66.1%), unsatisfactory life-work balance among nephrologists (60.7%), and late presentation of renal patients (59.0%). Others were high workload compared to available doctors (59.0%) and poor job satisfaction (55.4%). Factors that could stimulate more interest in nephrology according to respondents included creation of better working environment with adequate equipment for training (96.3%), provision of health insurance with adequate coverage for renal patients (97.4%), and increased government support for renal care services (99.3%). CONCLUSION There is a need to promote and sustain interest of residents in nephrology by ensuring improved survival of patients through better access to renal care, ensuring an adequate and well motivated work force, provision of adequate facilities and health insurance services.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Adejumo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - O G Egbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - E Okaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - M O Ogiator
- Department of Internal Medicine, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - B L Ademola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - S C Ngoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - A C Enikuomehin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - O S Abolarin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - I R Edeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Kuratomi K, Johnsen L, Kitagami S, Hatano A, Murayama K. People underestimate their capability to motivate themselves without performance-based extrinsic incentives. Motiv Emot 2022; 47:509-523. [PMID: 37427079 PMCID: PMC10328886 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-022-09996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that we are endowed with a remarkable capacity to motivate ourselves in the absence of extrinsic incentives (i.e. intrinsic motivation). However, little research has been conducted to investigate whether we accurately appreciate the power of intrinsic motivation. The current research aimed to examine the metacognitive accuracy of the extent to which people can motivate themselves without performance-based extrinsic incentives. Participants were presented with a relatively long and repetitive task without extrinsic incentives, and before doing the task, they were asked to predict their motivation on completion of the task. Across seven experiments using a variety of tasks with different populations from different countries, participants were consistently engaged in the task more actively than they predicted. When participants were provided with performance-based monetary rewards, however, this bias was diminished. These results indicate that we tend to underappreciate our capability to sustain our motivation without extrinsic incentives. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11031-022-09996-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kuratomi
- Faculty of Education, Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University, 1-1, Takakuwanishi, Yanaizu-Cho, Gifu, Japan
| | - Laura Johnsen
- Community Based Neurorehabilitation Team, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London Road, Thatcham, RG18 3AS UK
| | - Shinji Kitagami
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Hatano
- IdeaLab Inc., Ebisu, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Information, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Japan
| | - Kou Murayama
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Europastraße 6, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Japan
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AL UK
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Barbiano di Belgiojoso E, Ortensi LE. Who Wants to Become Italian? A Study of Interest in Naturalisation among Foreign Migrants in Italy. Eur J Popul 2022; 38:1095-1118. [PMID: 36507239 PMCID: PMC9726997 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-022-09639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, Italy, along with other countries situated at Europe's periphery, has become an attractive destination for migrants due to its lax regulation of migration and its job market. Despite its restrictive naturalisation laws, an increasing number of migrants are becoming eligible for Italian citizenship, which has led to a growing number of naturalisations in recent years. Existing research exploring naturalisation and its determinants has found migrants' ability to attain citizenship strongly depends on their interest in becoming a member of the host state, requirements (as defined by the host country), and their capacity to overcome various constraints such as the costs involved in the naturalisation process. However, few empirical studies have focused on immigrants' interest in naturalisation. To fill this gap, we analyse migrants' interest in naturalisation and how it correlates to their eligibility. This paper relies on the most recent data on interest in naturalisation from the 2018 and 2019 waves of the Regional Observatory for Integration and Multiethnicity of Lombardy (Italy). The results show that not all migrants are interested in naturalisation after assessing its perceived costs and benefits, thus confirming an instrumental approach to citizenship. Interest is mostly related to the legislation and conditions in the country of origin. Moreover, the relationship between eligibility and interest is highly dependent on civil stratification, and eligibility is not directly associated with interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livia Elisa Ortensi
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Chichekian T, Trudeau J, Jawhar T. Disrupted Lessons in Engineering Robotics: Pivoting Knowledge Transfer From Physical to Virtual Learning Environments. J Sci Educ Technol 2022; 31:555-569. [PMID: 35702710 PMCID: PMC9183763 DOI: 10.1007/s10956-022-09973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of an Arduino microrobot activity on college students' interest in robotics through three specific objectives: (1) determining how students' conceptual understanding regarding the basics of microcomputing and computer programming changes after engaging in an engineering robotics learning module, (2) assessing the impact of these changes on students' sense of competence in engineering robotics, and (3) explaining the role of students' perceived knowledge transferability in the relationship between their sense of competence and changes in their interest for pursuing engineering robotics. Participants (n = 58) were recruited from two Engineering Physics courses and surveyed before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) an Arduino microcomputing learning activity. First, significant increases were reported post-activity for interest in robotics, as well as conceptual understanding of microelectronics and computer programming. Second, changes in the understanding of computer programming significantly predicted students' sense of competence at Time 2. Finally, high and low levels of competence and perceived knowledge transferability were related to changes in students' interest in robotics. Moreover, high levels of perceived knowledge transferability alone played an important role in students' interest in robotics. Transferring complex engineering ideas to novel situations was beneficial regarding students' learning gains associated with computer programming and with the Arduino microcontroller platform. An overview of the virtual lab architecture used is provided with suggested novel directions for teaching college-level courses about engineering robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Chichekian
- Department of Pedagogy, Université de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke - Longueuil Campus, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Joel Trudeau
- Department of Physics, Dawson College, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tawfiq Jawhar
- Department of Computer Science, MSc in Progress), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Lee YW, Dorasamy M, Bin Ahmad AA, Jambulingam M, Yeap PF, Harun S. Synchronous online learning during movement control order in higher education institutions: a systematic review. F1000Res 2021; 10:1056. [PMID: 34950456 PMCID: PMC8666982 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73342.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Higher education institutions (HEI) are not spared from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The closure of campuses because of the movement control order (MCO) to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 has forced HEIs to adopt online learning, especially synchronous online learning (SOL). Although teaching and learning can be continued via SOL, retaining students’ interest and sustaining their engagement have not been sufficiently explored. This study presents a systematic review of the research pertaining to SOL associated with students’ interest and engagement in HEIs during the MCO environment. Methods: Five major online databases, i.e., EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Emerald, Scopus and Springer were searched to collect relevant papers published between 1st January 2010 to 15th June 2021 including conference proceedings, peer-reviewed papers and dissertations. Papers written in the English language, based in full-fledged universities, and with these five keywords: (i) synchronous online learning, (ii) engagement, (iii) interest, (iv) MCO/Covid-19 and (v) HEI, were included. Papers focussing on synchronous and asynchronous online learning in schools and colleges were excluded. Each paper was reviewed by two reviewers in order to confirm the eligibility based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: We found 31 papers of which six papers were related to SOL, engagement and interest in HEIs in the MCO environment. Our review presents three major findings: (i) limited research has been conducted on SOL associated with students’ engagement and interest, (ii) studies related to the context of HEIs in the MCO environment are limited, and (iii) the understanding of the new phenomena through qualitative research is insufficient. We highlight the SOL alignment with students’ engagement, interest, style preference, learner interaction effectiveness, behavior and academic performance. Conclusions: We believe that the findings of this study are timely and require attention from the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Wan Lee
- Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, 63100, Malaysia
| | - Magiswary Dorasamy
- Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, 63100, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmad
- Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, 63100, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Sharbani Harun
- Technology Park Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, 57000, Malaysia
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Rahmani N, Mohammadi E, Fallahi-Khoshknab M. Nurses' experiences of the causes of their lack of interest in working in psychiatric wards: a qualitative study. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:246. [PMID: 34879858 PMCID: PMC8656066 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The shortage of psychiatric nurses is a major healthcare challenge. Lack of interest (LOI) contributes to the shortage of psychiatric nurses. Nonetheless, there are limited studies in this area. The present study was conducted to explore nurses’ experiences of the causes of their LOI in working in psychiatric wards. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2016–2019 using the content analysis approach. Participants were 27 nurses purposively recruited with maximum variation from the psychiatric wards of three referral hospitals in Iran. Data were collected via unstructured interviews and were concurrently analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach recommended by Graneheim and Lundman. Results The causes of participants’ LOI in working in psychiatric wards were grouped into three main categories, namely inadequate professional skills for psychiatric care practice, negative public attitude towards psychiatric nurses, and concerns over patients. Conclusion This study suggests that the causes of nurses’ LOI in working in psychiatric wards are not only personal, but also social and organizational. Findings help managers and authorities develop strategies to increase psychiatric nurses’ interest in working in psychiatric wards through improving their work conditions and professional knowledge and skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Rahmani
- Department of Nursing, Comprehensive health Research Center, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Eesa Mohammadi
- Nursing Department, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Nasr Bridge, Jalal Al-e Ahmad, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab
- Nursing Department, Medical Sciences Faculty, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Lee YW, Dorasamy M, Bin Ahmad AA, Jambulingam M, Yeap PF, Harun S. Synchronous online learning during movement control order in higher education institutions: a systematic review. F1000Res 2021; 10:1056. [PMID: 34950456 PMCID: PMC8666982 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73342.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Higher education institutions (HEI) are not spared from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The closure of campuses because of the movement control order (MCO) to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 has forced HEIs to adopt online learning, especially synchronous online learning (SOL). Although teaching and learning can be continued via SOL, retaining students' interest and sustaining their engagement have not been sufficiently explored. This study presents a systematic review of the research pertaining to SOL associated with students' interest and engagement in HEIs during the MCO environment. Methods: Five major online databases, i.e., EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Emerald, Scopus and Springer were searched to collect relevant papers published between 1st January 2010 to 15th June 2021 including conference proceedings, peer-reviewed papers and dissertations. Papers written in the English language, based in full-fledged universities, and with these five keywords: (i) synchronous online learning, (ii) engagement, (iii) interest, (iv) MCO/Covid-19 and (v) HEI, were included. Papers focussing on synchronous and asynchronous online learning in schools and colleges were excluded. Each paper was reviewed by two reviewers in order to confirm the eligibility based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: We found 31 papers of which six papers were related to SOL, engagement and interest in HEIs in the MCO environment. Our review presents three major findings: (i) limited research has been conducted on SOL associated with students' engagement and interest, (ii) studies related to the context of HEIs in the MCO environment are limited, and (iii) the understanding of the new phenomena through qualitative research is insufficient. We highlight the SOL alignment with students' engagement, interest, style preference, learner interaction effectiveness, behavior and academic performance. Conclusions: We believe that the findings of this study are timely and require attention from the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Wan Lee
- Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, 63100, Malaysia
| | - Magiswary Dorasamy
- Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, 63100, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmad
- Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, 63100, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Sharbani Harun
- Technology Park Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, 57000, Malaysia
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15
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Danovitch JH, Mills CM, Sands KR, Williams AJ. Mind the gap: How incomplete explanations influence children's interest and learning behaviors. Cogn Psychol 2021; 130:101421. [PMID: 34425315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Children rely on others' explanations to learn scientific concepts, yet sometimes the explanations they receive are incomplete. Three studies explore how receiving incomplete or complete explanations influences children's subsequent interest and engagement in learning behaviors to obtain additional information about a topic. Children ages 7-10 (N = 275; 49% female, 51% male; 55% white) viewed question-and-answer exchanges about animal behaviors that included either a complete causal explanation of the behavior or an explanation that was missing a key step. Children rated how knowledgeable they felt after hearing the explanation (Study 1) or how much information was missing from the explanation (Studies 2 and 3) and reported how interested they were in learning more about the topic. They also completed two measures of learning behaviors: a book choice task (all studies) and a card choice task (Studies 1 and 2). In the book choice task, children opted to learn about the topics of the incomplete explanations more frequently than the topics of the complete explanations. However, there was no evidence of selective learning behaviors in the card choice task and children's self-reported interest in learning more about each animal behavior was not directly related to the type of explanation they had received. Individual differences in children's interest and learning behaviors were linked to verbal intelligence and domain-specific biological knowledge. Implications for the information-gap theory of learning and children's learning in multiple contexts are discussed.
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16
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Courchesne V, Bedford R, Pickles A, Duku E, Kerns C, Mirenda P, Bennett T, Georgiades S, Smith IM, Ungar WJ, Vaillancourt T, Zaidman-Zait A, Zwaigenbaum L, Szatmari P, Elsabbagh M. Non-verbal IQ and change in restricted and repetitive behavior throughout childhood in autism: a longitudinal study using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. Mol Autism 2021; 12:57. [PMID: 34391468 PMCID: PMC8364071 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is one of the characteristic features of Autism Spectrum Disorder. This domain of symptoms includes a broad range of behaviors. There is a need to study each behavior individually to better understand the role of each in the development of autistic children. Moreover, there are currently no longitudinal studies investigating change in these behaviors over development. METHODS The goal of the present study was to explore the association between age and non-verbal IQ (NVIQ) on 15 RRB symptoms included in the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) over time. A total of 205 children with ASD were assessed using the ADI-R at time of diagnosis, at age 6 years, and at age 11 years, and with the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) at age 8 years. RESULTS The proportion of children showing each RRB tended to diminish with increasing age, except for sensitivity to noise and circumscribed interests, where the proportion increased over time. Although there was no significant main effect of NVIQ, there was a significant interaction between age and NVIQ. This was mainly driven by Difficulties with change in routine, for which higher NVIQ was associated with the behavior remaining relatively stable with age, while lower NVIQ was associated with the behavior becoming more prevalent with age. LIMITATIONS The study focused on the presence/absence of each RRB but did not account for potential changes in frequency or severity of the behaviors over development. Furthermore, some limitations are inherent to the measures used. The ADI-R relies on parent report and hence has some level of subjectivity, while the Wechsler intelligence scales can underestimate the intellectual abilities of some autistic children. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that specific RRB are differentially linked to age and NVIQ. Studying RRB individually is a promising approach to better understanding how RRB change over the development of autistic children and are linked to other developmental domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Courchesne
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - R Bedford
- King's College London, London, UK
- University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - E Duku
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C Kerns
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - P Mirenda
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - T Bennett
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - I M Smith
- Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - W J Ungar
- Program of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - P Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Elsabbagh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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17
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Abstract
For many years, conflict of interest has been a topic of debate in professional ethics, whereby the performance of a professional obligation can be potentially affected by a financial or non-financial interest. However, studies on conflict of interest often do not include cognitive perspectives. In this study, it was hypothesized that conflict of interest might shape the perception of the situation in a subconscious manner. To test the hypothesis, we have designed an experiment using one of the well-known empirical paradigms of consciousness studies - the masking paradigm. In three experimental conditions (i.e., conflict of interest, neutral, and alignment of interest), participants were exposed to several subliminal visual stimuli in a series of trials. Results show that interest can have a direct impact on subconscious processes and subsequently perception in such a way that alignment of interest is accompanied by increasing the probability of correct perception, and conflict of interest would lead to more wrong perception. Finally, some of the impacts of this cognitive bias on scientific observation, data management, and underdetermination resolution are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Kafaee
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | | | - Reihaneh Balali
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Gharibzadeh
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Skela-Savič B, Klemenčič Mirazchiyski E, Lobe B. Perceptions of Slovenian elementary schoolchildren on nursing and nurses-Exploratory study. Nurse Educ Pract 2021; 53:103083. [PMID: 34058572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The research aimed to assess the perception on nursing and nurses among schoolchildren of Slovenian elementary schools. BACKGROUND Among the general public, nursing remains under-recognized as an occupation and a science. Especially young people have unrealistic perceptions of nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional research design was undertaken. METHODS The study included 1984 eighth grade schoolchildren from 103 elementary schools. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire. RESULTS The research results revealed a positive general perception of nursing. Surprisingly, only 2.5% of respondents would consider a career in nursing. Girls had more understanding of nursing compared to boys (p < 0.001); having a nurse relative meant better understanding of nursing (p = 0.032). The influence of the traditional view of nursing and the biomedical model of care which describes nursing not as autonomous, but as subordinate to medicine, was considerate (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study shows that elementary school children do not express an interest in a career in nursing. They perceive the job of a nurse as female-dominated, they cling to the traditional perception of nursing being subordinate to medicine, and they indicated dominance of the biomedical model of care. Healthcare policy makers must remember that healthcare systems cannot function without nurses, so developing nursing is crucial. To increase interest in the profession, a national campaign promoting nursing programs and the nursing profession and presenting horizontal and vertical career opportunities is needed. Young people must have realistic information on nursing as an occupation and a science, its role in the healthcare system, and career opportunities. Activities aimed at changing public opinion on nursing must be planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Skela-Savič
- Full Professor (delite Research Councilor), Head of Angela Boškim Institute for Research in Healthcare Sciences, Angela Boškin Faculty of Health Care, Spodnji Plavž 3, 4270 Jesenice, Slovenia.
| | - Eva Klemenčič Mirazchiyski
- Head of Center for applied epistemology Educational Research Institute Gerbičeva 62, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Bojana Lobe
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva ploščad 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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19
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Kane MJ, Carruth NP, Lurquin JH, Silvia PJ, Smeekens BA, von Bastian CC, Miyake A. Individual differences in task-unrelated thought in university classrooms. Mem Cognit 2021; 49:1247-66. [PMID: 33890247 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-021-01156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated what academic traits, attitudes, and habits predict individual differences in task-unrelated thought (TUT) during lectures, and whether this TUT propensity mediates associations between academic individual differences and course outcomes (final grade and situational interest evoked by material). Undergraduates (N = 851) from ten psychology classes at two US universities responded to thought probes presented during two early-course lectures; they also indicated sitting in the front, middle, or back of the classroom. At each probe, students categorized their thought content, such as indicating on-task thought or TUT. Students also completed online, academic-self-report questionnaires at the beginning of the course and a situational interest questionnaire at the end. Average TUT rate was 24% but individuals’ rates varied widely (SD = 18%). TUT rates also increased substantially from the front to back of the classroom, and modestly from the first to second half of class periods. Multiple-group analyses (with ten classroom groups) indicated that: (a) classroom media-multitasking habits, initial interest in the course topic, and everyday propensity for mind-wandering and boredom accounted for unique variance in TUT rate (beyond other predictors); (b) TUT rate accounted for unique (modest) variance in course grades and situational interest; and (c) classroom media multitasking and propensity for mind-wandering and boredom had indirect associations with course grades via TUT rate, and these predictor variables, along with initial interest, had indirect associations with end-of-term situational interest via TUT rate. Some academic traits and behaviors predict course outcomes in part because they predict off-task thought during class.
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20
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Hernandez T, Donnelly-Hermosillo DF, Person E, Hansen AK. "At Least We Could Give Our Input": Underrepresented Student Narratives on Conventional and Guided Inquiry-Based Laboratory Approaches. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:992-1001. [PMID: 33749725 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Policy documents continually stress the need to develop a scientifically literate and diverse workforce. One commonly recommended way to achieve these goals is through the redesign of introductory level science courses to foster students' interest in science. Such redesigns take advantage of a myriad of evidence-based strategies such as inquiry and context-based approaches that place students at the center of learning. In this study, we report on interviews of 10 female students participating in a zoo-context guided-inquiry laboratory structure within an introductory chemistry course. Half of these students were taking the laboratory for the first time (first-experience, n = 5), and half were taking the laboratory a second time (second-experience; n = 5), having failed the course in a conventional format a previous semester. The conventional laboratory format was designed to reinforce lecture content with prescriptive-style laboratories while the zoo-based guided-inquiry laboratory structure was focused on supporting student-designed investigations tied to zoo exhibits. Using interviews, we sought to understand students' experiences and how such experiences could inform future laboratory iterations. Through inductive thematic analysis, we found three themes describing student experiences in both laboratory environments-classroom relationships, relevancy of the work, and ownership of the experiments. This work describes the nuances across student perspectives of laboratory approaches and the implications of these findings for iterations to laboratory structures towards greater student science interest, both for conventional and guided-inquiry approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Hernandez
- College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Fresno
| | | | - Eric Person
- College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Fresno
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21
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de Winter JCF, Petermeijer SM, Kooijman L, Dodou D. Replicating five pupillometry studies of Eckhard Hess. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 165:145-205. [PMID: 33766646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several papers by Eckhard Hess from the 1960s and 1970s report that the pupils dilate or constrict according to the interest value, arousing content, or mental demands of visual stimuli. However, Hess mostly used small sample sizes and undocumented luminance control. In a first experiment (N = 182) and a second preregistered experiment (N = 147), we replicated five studies of Hess using modern equipment. Our experiments (1) did not support the hypothesis of gender differences in pupil diameter change with respect to baseline (PC) when viewing stimuli of different interest value, (2) showed that solving more difficult multiplications yields a larger PC in the seconds before providing an answer and a larger maximum PC, but a smaller PC at a fixed time after the onset of the multiplication, (3) did not support the hypothesis that participants' PC mimics the pupil diameter in a pair of schematic eyes but not in single-eyed or three-eyed stimuli, (4) did not support the hypothesis of gender differences in PC when watching a video of a male trying to escape a mob, and (5) supported the hypothesis that arousing words yield a higher PC than non-arousing words. Although we did not observe consistent gender differences in PC, additional analyses showed gender differences in eye movements towards erogenous zones. Furthermore, PC strongly correlated with the luminance of the locations where participants looked. Overall, our replications confirm Hess's findings that pupils dilate in response to mental demands and stimuli of an arousing nature. Hess's hypotheses regarding pupil mimicry and gender differences in pupil dilation did not replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C F de Winter
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.
| | - S M Petermeijer
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - L Kooijman
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - D Dodou
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
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22
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Mayer M, Selig K, Tüttelmann F, Dinkel A, Gschwend JE, Herkommer K. Interest in, willingness-to-pay for and willingness-to-recommend genetic testing for prostate cancer among affected men after radical prostatectomy. Fam Cancer 2019; 18:221-230. [PMID: 30229510 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-018-0101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about interest in genetic testing and willingness-to-pay for a genetic test among men affected from prostate cancer (PCa) is limited. This study aimed to gain insight into men's attitudes in genetic testing for PCa. 4699 men with PCa from the German multicenter prospective database "Familial Prostate Cancer" were included. Interest in, Willingness-to-pay for and Willingness-to-recommend a genetic test for PCa were quantified. Associations with several sociodemographic and psychosocial variables were evaluated by logistic regression. 76.8% of the affected men with a median follow-up of 12.9 years were interested in a genetic test for PCa. Newly identified variables significantly associated with interest were having sons (OR 1.66, p < 0.001) and a high perceived severity of the PCa (OR 1.40, p < 0.001). 19% of men were willing to pay more than 500 € for a genetic test. Men with higher education, men with a better self-reported economic situation and men with a lethal PCa in their family were more likely to be willing to pay a larger sum for a test. 84.9% of men were willing to recommend a test to their relatives. Interest in genetic testing for PCa among affected men was generally high with most men willing to recommend a test to their relatives. Various characteristics associated with interest and willingness-to-pay larger sums for genetic testing were uncovered and need to be addressed when designing both future educational material and genetic tests for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Mayer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Selig
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Dinkel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Langerstr. 3, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Rhie K, Feger DM, June RR, Sciamanna CN, Banks SE. Determining Rheumatology Patient Interest in a Group Strength Training Program - Results of an Exercise Survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 31328185 PMCID: PMC6641551 DOI: 10.23937/2469-5718/1510121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Exercise has proven benefits in rheumatologic disease including reducing inflammation and improving symptoms. A Group Strength Training (GST) program design has improved adherence to exercise in primary care patients but the effect is unknown in rheumatology patients. We examined the interest of rheumatology patients with different diagnoses and the effect of comorbidities in pursuing an organized GST program. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients from a rheumatology practice in central Pennsylvania in February and April 2017. This survey assessed self-reported interest of patients in a GST program in addition to demographics, comorbidities, and quality of life measures. Primary care data from a previous survey were used for comparative analysis for the primary outcome: interest in a GST program. Results: Fifty percent of rheumatology patients were interested in a GST program and there was no difference of interest compared to primary care patients (X2 = 2.04, p = 0.15). There was no difference in interest in a GST program for rheumatology patients with poor health compared to patients with good health (OR = 0.9, p = 0.8). Female patients were more interested in a group strength training program than male patients (OR = 3.7, p = 0.001). Patients with a BMI of 25–30 (OR = 2.2, p = 0.04) or > 30 (OR = 1.7, p = 0.12) were more interested compared to those with a normal BMI. There was no difference in interest in group strength training regardless of rheumatology diagnosis or comorbidities. Conclusion: Our data suggest that rheumatology patients are interested in a GST program regardless of disease, medical comorbidities, perceived mental or physical health, or education level. Further study is needed to determine the effects of GST on rheumatologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rhie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Health, USA
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24
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Ibe E, Abamuche J. Effects of audiovisual technological aids on students' achievement and interest in secondary school biology in Nigeria. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01812. [PMID: 31297460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While Science teaching and learning is changing at an amazing pace in developed countries, same cannot be said of developing countries. Nigeria secondary school classrooms have remained 'chalk and board' affair with students seated in rows copying notes. In a developing country such as Nigeria, teachers need sustained support from colleagues at tertiary level who are compliant with the new technologies to help them learn how best to integrate technology into their teaching. In this paper, we describe a study that employed quasi experiment of the non-equivalent control group design. 150 senior secondary two (SS2) students of two intact classes randomly selected from two schools were assigned one to experimental and other to control. . Training was given to a regular teacher of Biology that taught experimental group while the control group teacher did not receive training but given a template on the conduct of the study. Two instruments for data collection were Biology achievement test and Interest scale. Mean and Standard Deviation and ANCOVA were used for data analysis. Result revealed that group exposed to lessons with Audio-visual technological contents integrated achieved higher in test scores than the group not exposed to. It was recommended that classroom teachers keep pace with development trend by learning and using new technologies (Audio-visual) in instructional delivery.
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25
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Zeidan RK, Hallit S, Zeenny RM, Salameh P. Lebanese community-based pharmacists' interest, practice, knowledge, and barriers towards pharmacy practice research: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:550-557. [PMID: 31061624 PMCID: PMC6488827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the interest, knowledge, practice and barriers of Lebanese community-based pharmacists towards research, and to examine factors associated with interest. Methods A cross-sectional survey, conducted between January and May 2017, enrolled community pharmacists using a proportionate random sample of community pharmacies in the five districts of Lebanon, using the list of pharmacies provided by the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists. In the absence of validated questionnaires to answer our objectives, we created a questionnaire based on previous research. The questionnaire was modified based on the experiences and issues raised during focus groups with research active pharmacists and research oriented community pharmacists. Results A total of 399 pharmacists was enrolled. The results showed that 231 (72%) were conscious about the important role of research in the community pharmacy setting whereas only 5.6% considered it not important. Over two-thirds (68.5%) of the pharmacists declared being interested in participating in research. There was a statistical difference in the percentage of correct answers between auto-declared and corrected responses for all terms, with all p < 0.001.The most reported barrier was lack of time during hours of work (90.9%), followed by the lack of pharmacy staff (73.7%), lack of financial resources (68.9%), patient's lack of education and resistance to participation (64.8%), and lack of support (63.8%). Age (aOR = 0.92), years of experience (aOR = 1.06), and having been involved in research (aOR = 3.17) were associated with higher interest in research. Having studied in Lebanon (aOR = 3.63), having received previous research courses (aOR = 11.12) and being interested in research (aOR = 2.74) were associated with having participated in research projects during their professional experience. Conclusion Lebanese pharmacists have the good will to conduct and participate in research, but are lacking knowledge; this issue needs to be addressed vividly. Addressing the identified barriers could improve the research output of Lebanese community pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouba Karen Zeidan
- Faculty of Public Health 2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
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26
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Bhat M, AlQahtani N, Khader M, Javali M, AlQahtani A. Knowledge and Interest in Treating Gingival Recession among Dental Practitioners in Saudi Arabia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:139-142. [PMID: 30740178 PMCID: PMC6352484 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gingival recession is an enigma among clinicians due to multiple etiological factors and various treatment modalities. AIM Objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and interest among dental practitioners regarding the treatment of gingival recession. MATERIAL AND METHODS A survey was conducted to assess knowledge of gingival recession and interest and satisfaction of dental practitioners in periodontics. This survey was circulated among 250 dental practitioners throughout four months. The structured questionnaire consisted of 9 questions assessing the knowledge and interest of dental practitioners in periodontics; gingival recession per se. RESULTS Majority of the participants were general dentists. Among them, 46.23% had a habit of reading dental journals. Most of the participants had an opinion that improper tooth brushing (42.71%) is an important cause of the gingival recession. Only 34.17% had information about Miller's classification of gingival recession. Regarding general indication of root coverage procedures, 28.64% answered aesthetics was the most common indication. 39.7% mentioned that traumatic occlusion was a risk factor for gingival recession. A group of 29.65% mentioned that accidental toothbrush trauma leads to gingival recession. CONCLUSION The knowledge of gingival recession among the study participants was adequate. More specifically, the interest of participants in periodontics was 5.39 and satisfaction in treating periodontal cases was 5.47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bhat
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Division of Periodontics, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Mohammad Yunis Saleem Bhat. College of Dentistry. King Khalid University, Department of PCS, Division of Periodontics, Abha, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Nabeeh AlQahtani
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Department of PCS, Division of Periodontics, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohasin Khader
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Department of PCS, Division of Periodontics, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhatar Javali
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Department of PCS, Division of Periodontics, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlQahtani
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Division of Periodontics, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Nakano T, Miyazaki Y. Blink synchronization is an indicator of interest while viewing videos. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 135:1-11. [PMID: 30428333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The temporal pattern of spontaneous blinks changes greatly depending on an individual's internal cognitive state. For instance, when several individuals watch the same video, blinks can be synchronized at attentional breakpoints. The present study examined the degree of this blink synchronization, as reflecting an interest level, while viewing various video clips. In the first experiment, participants interested in soccer, shogi (Japanese chess), or a specific musical group watched a video clip related to each category and rated their interest level after viewing. Results revealed that blink synchronization increased with a rise in interest level in the video clips of soccer and shogi. Moreover, while blink synchronization increased when viewing preferred video clips for the soccer and music group fans, synchronization decreased when viewing videos from the other categories, except for the shogi fans. In contrast, the blink rates did not correlate with the interest level on the video content but changed with the number of shot transitions of it. In the second experiment, participants viewed a video in which a professional salesperson gave descriptions of several products for a few minutes each. When participants reported an interest in the product, blinks were synchronized to the salesperson's blinks. However, when feeling uninterested, blink synchronization did not occur. These results suggest that blink synchronization could be used as an involuntary index to assess a person's interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Nakano
- Graduate School of Frontiers Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; JST PRESTO, Japan.
| | - Yuta Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Information, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Güdel K, Heitzmann A, Müller A. Self-efficacy and (vocational) interest in technology and design: an empirical study in seventh and eighth-grade classrooms. Int J Technol Des Educ 2018; 29:1053-1081. [PMID: 32214693 PMCID: PMC7067248 DOI: 10.1007/s10798-018-9475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to report the results of an empirical study on adolescents' interest, self-efficacy, and vocational interest in technology and design. Following the expectancy-value model, we wanted to know how context-specific interest in technology and perceived self-efficacy in solving technical tasks are developed at lower secondary-school level and how they predict vocational interest in technology. These personal-trait variables were operationalized in an online survey conducted among 480 students (seventh and eighth grade) in Northwestern Switzerland. Quantitative analyses showed that interest, self-efficacy, and vocational interest vary with respect to theoretical, practical, and creative activities. Moreover, there were marked gender differences in interest and self-efficacy, especially regarding "Using and repairing technical tools" and "Understanding technological processes." No gender differences could be found in "Designing in the context of sustainability," however. Interest, self-efficacy, and vocational interest correlate very highly, but self-efficacy can predict vocational interest in technology better than interest. These results are discussed in the context of recent developments (e.g. STEM initiatives) in the field of technology education worldwide and in particular in Switzerland. According to our analyses and the current discussions about more STEM education and technically skilled teaching staff, schools should provide all students with opportunities to deal with technology, thus enabling them to make manifold experiences in theoretical, practical, creative, and critical ways from early childhood until career choice. At present, this does not seem to be sufficiently the case because otherwise girls would probably not have such negative perceptions of their own abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Güdel
- Department of Teacher Education, Secondary 1 Level, University of Applied Sciences, Clarastrasse 57, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anni Heitzmann
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Applied Sciences, Niederriedweg 110, 3019 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Müller
- Faculty of Science, Physics Department, and Institute of Teacher Education, Pavillon d’Uni Mail (IUFE), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 40, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Gerard A, Noblin S, Hashmi SS, Bean AJ, Bergstrom K, Hurst CB, Mattox W, Stevens B. Undergraduate Student Perceptions and Awareness of Genetic Counseling. J Genet Couns 2018; 28:10.1007/s10897-018-0284-y. [PMID: 30121717 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-018-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic counseling is a rapidly expanding field, and the supply of certified genetic counselors is currently unable to keep up with job demand. Research is fairly limited regarding the awareness and perceptions that prospective genetic counseling students have on the field and what factors most influence their interest. The current study includes data collected from 1389 undergraduate students in the sciences at 23 universities across the United States who were surveyed regarding information related to their awareness, perceptions, knowledge, and interest in genetic counseling. The majority of participants had heard of genetic counseling (78.0%), many from a high school course (37.3%), college course (28.1%), or online (11.5%). Familiarity was associated with factors such as female gender (p = 0.003) and length of time in school (p < 0.001). After taking the survey, participant interest was positively associated with several factors including female gender (p < 0.001) and Asian and Hispanic ethnicity (p = 0.012). Factors commonly reported as attractive about the field included direct patient care, the variety of roles available, cultural competency and psychosocial training, and helping others. Discussion elaborates upon specific factors related to student awareness and interest in genetic counseling and potential ways to tailor recruitment strategies for maximum benefit to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gerard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Noblin
- Genetic Counseling Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Shahrukh Hashmi
- Genetic Counseling Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Bean
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katie Bergstrom
- Department of Pediatrics - Hematology/Oncology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christina B Hurst
- School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William Mattox
- Genes and Development Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Blair Stevens
- Genetic Counseling Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Rustinsyah R. The power and interest indicators of the stakeholders of a Water User Association around Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia. Data Brief 2018; 19:2398-403. [PMID: 30229112 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article presents the information on stakeholders’ power and interest indicators in agricultural irrigation management. The data were collected from a WUA (Water User Association) called Sekar padi which operates around Bengawan Solo river, East Java, Indonesia. This data article contains two major data. The first data consists of the power indicator from both primary and secondary stakeholders of WUAs. The second data is the stakeholders ‘interest indicator of WUAs in agricultural irrigation management. The data were collected from observations, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and interview. These data will be beneficial for policy makers to determine the suitable programs for agricultural irrigation management and for researchers who want to conduct similar studies in developing countries.
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Abstract
There has been much work on what people appreciate in art, but comparatively little on what feelings of appreciation consist in. What do people feel when they encounter artworks that they value? We propose that the value of art is registered by the emotion of wonder. Departing from some standard approaches in empirical aesthetics, we focus on the appreciation of art as art rather than mere aesthetic preference. Aesthetic preferences can have many different correlates outside the domain of art (as when we select graphically appealing consumer items or judge the attractiveness of people), and preference judgments with respect to art can reflect nonaesthetic considerations and tell us rather little about art appreciation. We argue that when it comes to the appreciation of art as such, wonder plays a special role. We introduce wonder and compare it to other candidates that are discussed in the recent empirical literature, such as beauty, interest, and being moved. We analyze wonder and emphasize three subemotional components: cognitive perplexity, perceptual engagement, and a sense of reverence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fingerhut
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jesse J Prinz
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Abstract
The article discusses conflict of interest (COI) situations and how to manage COI in ethics committee (EC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Bhatt
- Consultant – Clinical Research & Development, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Vicuña B, Delaney HD, Flores KG, Ballinger L, Royce M, Dayao Z, Pal T, Kinney AY. Preferences for multigene panel testing for hereditary breast cancer risk among ethnically diverse BRCA-uninformative families. J Community Genet 2018; 9:81-92. [PMID: 28971318 PMCID: PMC5752653 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer has primarily focused on pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) genes. However, advances in DNA sequencing technologies have made simultaneous testing for multiple genes possible. We examined correlates of interest in multigene panel testing and risk communication preferences in an ethnically diverse sample of women who tested negative for BRCA mutations previously but remain at high risk based on their family history (referred to as "BRCA-uninformative") and their at-risk female family members. Two-hundred and thirteen women with a previous breast cancer diagnosis and a BRCA-uninformative test result and their first-degree relatives completed a survey on interest in multigene panel testing, communication preferences, and sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical factors. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with testing interest. Chi-square analyses were used to test differences in risk communication preferences. Interest in multigene panel testing was high (84%) and did not considerably differ by cancer status or ethnicity. In multivariable analysis, factors significantly associated with interest in genetic testing were having had a mammogram in the past 2 years (odds ratio (OR) = 4.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80-9.02) and high cancer worry (OR = 3.77, 95% CI 1.34-10.60). Overall, the most commonly preferred genetic communication modes were genetic counselors, oncologists, and print materials. However, non-Hispanic women were more likely than Hispanic women to prefer web-based risk communication (p < 0.001). Hispanic and non-Hispanic women from BRCA-uninformative families have a high level of interest in gene panel testing. Cancer-related emotions and communication preferences should be considered in developing targeted genetic risk communication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Vicuña
- Cancer Research Facility, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07 4025, Albuquerque, NM, 87125, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Center for Health Policy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Harold D Delaney
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kristina G Flores
- Cancer Research Facility, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07 4025, Albuquerque, NM, 87125, USA
| | - Lori Ballinger
- Cancer Research Facility, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07 4025, Albuquerque, NM, 87125, USA
| | - Melanie Royce
- Cancer Research Facility, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07 4025, Albuquerque, NM, 87125, USA
| | - Zoneddy Dayao
- Cancer Research Facility, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07 4025, Albuquerque, NM, 87125, USA
| | - Tuya Pal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center/Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anita Y Kinney
- Cancer Research Facility, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07 4025, Albuquerque, NM, 87125, USA.
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Center for Health Policy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Rubens A. Uniting the Pre-Health Humanities with the Introductory Composition Course. J Med Humanit 2017; 38:361-371. [PMID: 28516347 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-017-9444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on my experiences at a teaching-focused university, I show how locating the health humanities in first-year or introductory composition courses improves learning and offers an economical, flexible, and far-reaching approach to bringing a health humanities education to all baccalaureate-level learners, regardless of whether they aspire to careers in the health professions. In terms of improving learning, health humanities composition courses support the disciplinary aims of both fields. Accessible, relevant issues in the health humanities, such as interventions in health debates or representations of illness and healthcare settings, nourish the cognitive and social conditions needed to develop college-level writing skills. The health humanities' emphases on interdisciplinarity and suspending judgment also inform students' writing abilities. Composition trains students to write rhetorically by considering purpose, context, genre, mode, and other factors when addressing an audience. This approach to writing helps pre-health humanists communicate intentionally and compassionately about health topics as well as the larger issues they call into question. Because students enroll in health humanities composition courses at an early, formative moment in their studies, they are poised to carry or "transfer" their knowledge to other courses, including those that might prepare them for the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Rubens
- Radford University, PO Box 6935, Radford, VA, 24142, USA.
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Athanasopoulou C, Välimäki M, Koutra K, Löttyniemi E, Bertsias A, Basta M, Vgontzas AN, Lionis C. Internet use, eHealth literacy and attitudes toward computer/internet among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a cross-sectional study in two distant European regions. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2017; 17:136. [PMID: 28931385 PMCID: PMC5607489 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-017-0531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders use the Internet for general and health-related purposes. Their ability to find, understand, and apply the health information they acquire online in order to make appropriate health decisions - known as eHealth literacy - has never been investigated. The European agenda strives to limit health inequalities and enhance mental health literacy. Nevertheless, each European member state varies in levels of Internet use and online health information-seeking. This study aimed to examine computer/Internet use for general and health-related purposes, eHealth literacy, and attitudes toward computer/Internet among adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders from two distant European regions. METHODS Data were collected from mental health services of psychiatric clinics in Finland (FI) and Greece (GR). A total of 229 patients (FI = 128, GR = 101) participated in the questionnaire survey. The data analysis included evaluation of frequencies and group comparisons with multiple linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS The majority of Finnish participants were current Internet users (FI = 111, 87%, vs. GR = 33, 33%, P < .0001), while the majority of Greek participants had never used computers/Internet, mostly due to their perception that they do not need it. In both countries, more than half of Internet users used the Internet for health-related purposes (FI = 61, 55%, vs. GR = 20, 61%). The eHealth literacy of Internet users (previous and current Internet users) was found significantly higher in the Finnish group (FI: Mean = 27.05, SD 5.36; GR: Mean = 23.15, SD = 7.23, P < .0001) upon comparison with their Greek counterparts. For current Internet users, Internet use patterns were significantly different between country groups. When adjusting for gender, age, education and disease duration, country was a significant predictor of frequency of Internet use, eHealth literacy and Interest. The Finnish group of Internet users scored higher in eHealth literacy, while the Greek group of never Internet users had a higher Interest in computer/Internet. CONCLUSIONS eHealth literacy is either moderate (Finnish group) or low (Greek group). Thus, exposure to ICT and eHealth skills training are needed for this population. Recommendations to improve the eHealth literacy and access to health information among these individuals are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maritta Välimäki
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eliisa Löttyniemi
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antonios Bertsias
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Basta
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandros N Vgontzas
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Unsworth N, McMillan BD. Attentional disengagements in educational contexts: a diary investigation of everyday mind-wandering and distraction. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2017; 2:32. [PMID: 28890917 PMCID: PMC5569648 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-017-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined everyday attentional disengagements in educational contexts. Undergraduate students completed various cognitive ability measures in the laboratory and recorded everyday mind-wandering and distraction in a diary over the course of a week. Participants reported mind-wandering and being distracted both in class and while studying and there were a number of different subtypes of attentional disengagements. Individual differences in cognitive abilities were related to some, but not all, everyday attentional disengagements and motivation and interest in classes were related to specific subtypes of disengagements. Finally, academic performance was related to fluid intelligence and motivation, but not to everyday disengagements. These results provide importance evidence on the different types of attentional disengagements that are prevalent in undergraduate students and for whom disengagements are most likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash Unsworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic technologies advance rapidly. It is possible to undergo genetic carrier screening before pregnancy to examine genetic risks to future offspring. We aimed to investigate parents' interest and motives towards preconception genetic carrier screening (PCS) as well as factors associated with interest in PCS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our study sample consists of 777 parent couples within the longitudinal Swedish Pregnancy Planning study. Women responded to questionnaires at three occasions: in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and one year after childbirth. Male partners responded to one questionnaire one year after childbirth. RESULTS One-third of the parents were positive (30% versus 34% of women and men, respectively), less than a third were negative (26% versus 28%), and 45% versus 38% were uncertain about whether to consider PCS before a future pregnancy. No differences in PCS interest were found between women and men (P = 0.091), but a higher proportion of women were concerned about negative consequences (53% versus 46%, P < 0.003) and were 'opposed to such a way of child selection' (31.8% versus 25.2%, P = 0.002). Factors associated with PCS interest were experiences of prenatal diagnostics and positive attitudes towards finding out or choosing sex of one's child (women), and prenatal diagnostics, self-rated poor health, and pregnancy planning (men). CONCLUSION Both women and men had relatively high uncertainty towards PCS, but women were more concerned about negative consequences. The future extent of the clinical utility of PCS is currently unknown, but parents' interests and doubts are important aspects to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ekstrand Ragnar
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
- CONTACT Maria Ekstrand Ragnar Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanja Tydén
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Kihlbom
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Larsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Tellhed U, Bäckström M, Björklund F. Will I Fit in and Do Well? The Importance of Social Belongingness and Self-Efficacy for Explaining Gender Differences in Interest in STEM and HEED Majors. Sex Roles 2016; 77:86-96. [PMID: 28725103 PMCID: PMC5486898 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the world, the labor market is clearly gender segregated. More research is needed to explain women’s lower interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) majors and particularly to explain men’s lower interest in HEED (Health care, Elementary Education, and the Domestic spheres) majors. We tested self-efficacy (competence beliefs) and social belongingness expectations (fitting in socially) as mediators of gender differences in interest in STEM and HEED majors in a representative sample of 1327 Swedish high school students. Gender differences in interest in STEM majors strongly related to women’s lower self-efficacy for STEM careers and, to a lesser degree, to women’s lower social belongingness expectations with students in STEM majors. Social belongingness expectations also partly explained men’s lower interest in HEED majors, but self-efficacy was not an important mediator of gender differences in interest in HEED. These results imply that interventions designed to lessen gender segregation in the labor market need to focus more on the social belongingness of students in the gender minority. Further, to specifically increase women’s interest in STEM majors, we need to counteract gender stereotypical competence beliefs and assure women that they have what it takes to handle STEM careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Tellhed
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Bäckström
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Björklund
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Tosto MG, Asbury K, Mazzocco MMM, Petrill SA, Kovas Y. From classroom environment to mathematics achievement: The mediating role of self-perceived ability and subject interest. Learn Individ Differ 2016; 50:260-269. [PMID: 27766018 PMCID: PMC5063534 DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on Bandura's triadic reciprocal causation model, perceived classroom environment and three intrapersonal factors (mathematics self-efficacy, maths interest and academic self-concept) were considered as predictors of test performance in two correlated mathematics assessments: a public examination (GCSE) and an on-line test, both taken by UK pupils at age 16 (n = 6689). Intrapersonal factors were significantly associated with both test scores, even when the alternative score was taken into account. Classroom environment did not correlate with mathematics achievement once intrapersonal factors and alternative test performance were included in the model, but was associated with subject interest and academic self-concept. Perceptions of classroom environment may exercise an indirect influence on achievement by boosting interest and self-concept. In turn, these intrapersonal factors have direct relationships with achievement and were found to mediate the relationship between perceived classroom environment and maths performance. Findings and their implications for mathematics education are discussed. Can learning environment (classroom) and intrapersonal factors (self-perceived ability and interest) predict maths at age 16? Intrapersonal factors are associated with maths performance at 16. Learning environments are associated with intrapersonal factors at this age. In particular, perceived maths classroom environment predicts interest in maths. Intrapersonal factors mediate the relationship between perceived classroom environment and maths performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Tosto
- Psychology in Education Research Centre, Department of Education, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Tomsk State University, 36, Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Kathryn Asbury
- Psychology in Education Research Centre, Department of Education, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Michèle M M Mazzocco
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Stephen A Petrill
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Yulia Kovas
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Tomsk State University, 36, Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia; SGDP Centre (PO80), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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Gardiner FW. The art of self-knowledge and deduction in clinical practice. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2016; 10:19-21. [PMID: 27489620 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical reasoning involves interviewing the patient, taking a history, and carefully scrutinising objects in the environment, via a physical examination, and the interpretation of medical results. Developments in medicine are trending towards the routine use of sophisticated diagnostic tools. While important, these trends may be leading clinicians to rely on expensive tests, while not using or improving the art of clinical deduction. The ideal clinician knows themselves and their environment, truly observes, imagines the possibilities, deduces from what they observe, and continually learns. This allows the clinician to use all of their senses, while not primarily relying on a diagnostic test.
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Sun H, Gao Y. Impact of an active educational video game on children's motivation, science knowledge, and physical activity. J Sport Health Sci 2016; 5:239-245. [PMID: 30356479 PMCID: PMC6188572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active educational video games (AVGs) appear to have a positive effect on elementary school students' motivation leading to enhanced learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of an AVG on elementary school students' science knowledge learning, physical activity (PA) level, and interest-based motivation. METHODS In this randomized controlled study, 53 elementary school students were assigned to an experimental condition or a comparison condition. The experimental condition provided an AVG learning environment, whereas the comparison condition was based on sedentary educational video games. RESULTS The results of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the knowledge test showed that students in both groups performed better on the post-test than they did on the pre-test (p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.486), and their post-test scores did not differ significantly. The experimental condition provided a more active environment since the students' average heart rates (HRs) were in the Target-Heart-Rate-Zone (HR = 134 bpm), which was significantly higher than the average HR (103 bpm) from the comparison condition (t = 7.212, p < 0.001). Students in the experimental condition perceived a higher level of situational interest than their counterparts in the comparison group (p < 0.01, and η 2 = 0.301). CONCLUSION These results suggest that AVGs benefit children more in terms of PA and motivation than traditional video games by providing an enjoyable learning experience and sufficient PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichun Sun
- Department of Teaching and Learning, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5650, USA
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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Abstract
Theory proposes that interest is a positive emotion that may either broaden attention to facilitate processing of new information, or narrow attention to preserve engagement with new information. To our knowledge, no research has directly examined the effect of interest on attentional scope. Across four experiments, we show that traits associated with the propensity to experience interest-specifically, trait curiosity and internal boredom proneness-are associated with a narrower scope of attention. We also find that, instead of broadening, interest actually narrows attentional scope in comparison to a neutral state and awe. Challenging the conventional notion that all positive emotions broaden cognition and attention, our findings suggest that specific emotions influence attention in ways that extend beyond a general emotional valence effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sung
- a School of Psychology , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Jennifer Yih
- b Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , USA
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Adedokun BO, Yusuf BO, Lasisi JT, Jinadu AA, Sunmonu MT, Ashanke AF, Lasisi OA. Perception of Genetic Testing for Deafness and Factors Associated with Interest in Genetic Testing Among Deaf People in a Selected Population in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Genet Couns 2015; 24:1037-43. [PMID: 25983050 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-015-9843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the perceptions of genetic testing by members of the deaf community may help in planning deafness genetics research, especially so in the context of strong adherence to cultural values as found among native Africans. Among Yorubas in Nigeria, deafness is perceived to be caused by some offensive actions of the mother during pregnancy, spiritual attack, and childhood infections. We studied attitudes towards, and acceptance of genetic testing by the deaf community in Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to individuals sampled from the Vocational Training Centre for the Deaf, the religious Community, and government schools, among others. The main survey items elicited information about the community in which the deaf people participate, their awareness of genetic testing, whether or not they view genetic testing as acceptable, and their understanding of the purpose of genetic testing. There were 150 deaf participants (61.3 % males, 38.7 % females) with mean age of 26.7 years ±9.8. A majority of survey respondents indicated they relate only with other members of the deaf community (78 %) and reported believing genetic testing does more good than harm (79.3 %); 57 % expressed interest in genetic testing. Interest in genetic testing for deafness or in genetic testing in pregnancy was not related to whether respondents relate primarily to the deaf or to the hearing community. However, a significantly higher number of male respondents and respondents with low education reported interest in genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde O Adedokun
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bidemi O Yusuf
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J Taye Lasisi
- Department of Physiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A A Jinadu
- Department of Public Health, Oyo State Teaching Service Commission, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M T Sunmonu
- Research Assistant, Oyo State Teaching Service Commission, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A F Ashanke
- Research Assistant, Oyo State Teaching Service Commission, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O Akeem Lasisi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PO Box 22040, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Trémeau F, Antonius D, Nolan K, Butler P, Javitt DC. Immediate affective motivation is not impaired in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:157-63. [PMID: 25159096 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the various cognitive and affective evaluations that contribute to decisions about whether to engage in a future activity, three affective evaluations are particularly relevant: 1) interest in the activity itself, 2) the pleasure anticipated from the activity and 3) the excitement experienced while looking forward to the activity. In addition to these pre-activity evaluations, affective evaluations that are done after the activity is completed impact people's motivation to repeat the same activity. Although extant research suggests that these affective processes may be impaired in schizophrenia, it is not clear whether these impairments are mostly secondary to cognitive deficits. METHOD In three independent studies utilizing simple laboratory tasks with minimal cognitive demands, patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and healthy control subjects evaluated their pleasure, interest, and excitement immediately before and after completing the tasks. RESULTS Patients' anticipated pleasure and posttest evaluations of pleasure and interest were significantly greater than controls'. No group differences were found for excitement. In patients, there were significant negative correlations between anticipated pleasure, pretest excitement and depression scores, and between pretest interest and negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In these experiments, immediate affective evaluations reported by participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were greater or similar to controls'. This finding is consistent with recent affective research showing that experiences of pleasure are intact in schizophrenia. These results emphasize the need to disentangle affective from cognitive processes in order to better understand the complex impairments present in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Trémeau
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Rockland Psychiatric Center, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Daniel Antonius
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Karen Nolan
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pamela Butler
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Takeda Y, Kimura M. The auditory N1 amplitude for task-irrelevant probes reflects visual interest. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 94:35-41. [PMID: 25058330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between the amplitude of N1 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by task-irrelevant auditory probes and the observer's level of interest in co-occurring visual stimuli. Participants watched short animated video clips (about 400 s) played either forward (interesting) or backward (boring) accompanied by task-irrelevant sequence of auditory probes. The tone frequency of probes was fixed in a monotonous sequence condition but randomly varied in a variable sequence condition. The mean stimulus onset asynchrony of probes was 600 ms in both sequence conditions. Results showed that the N1 amplitude for probes in the variable sequence condition became smaller when participants watched interesting animated videos compared with their watching boring ones; a parallel effect was not observed in the monotonous sequence condition. Furthermore, analysis of sub-blocks (i.e., 360 s of the analysis time window for each animated video was divided into 20 s × 18 sub-blocks) showed a significant correlation between the forward-minus-backward differences in scored interest levels with the N1 amplitude in the variable sequence condition. This finding points to the possibility that the observer's interest can be estimated by neurophysiological data just for 20 s. The present study should remarkably extend the usability of the task-irrelevant probe technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takeda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Kimura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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Takeda Y, Okuma T, Kimura M, Kurata T, Takenaka T, Iwaki S. Electrophysiological measurement of interest during walking in a simulated environment. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:363-70. [PMID: 24892726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A reliable neuroscientific technique for objectively estimating the degree of interest in a real environment is currently required in the research fields of neuroergonomics and neuroeconomics. Toward the development of such a technique, the present study explored electrophysiological measures that reflect an observer's interest in a nearly-real visual environment. Participants were asked to walk through a simulated shopping mall and the attractiveness of the shopping mall was manipulated by opening and closing the shutters of stores. During the walking task, participants were exposed to task-irrelevant auditory probes (two-stimulus oddball sequence). The results showed a smaller P2/early P3a component of task-irrelevant auditory event-related potentials and a larger lambda response of eye-fixation-related potentials in an interesting environment (i.e., open-shutter condition) than in a boring environment (i.e., closed-shutter condition); these findings can be reasonably explained by supposing that participants allocated more attentional resources to visual information in an interesting environment than in a boring environment, and thus residual attentional resources that could be allocated to task-irrelevant auditory probes were reduced. The P2/early P3a component and the lambda response may be useful measures of interest in a real visual environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takeda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Takashi Okuma
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kimura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takenaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sunao Iwaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE We review the interventions that promote motivation in academic contexts, with a focus on two primary questions: How can we motivate students to take more STEM courses? Once in those STEM courses, how can we keep students motivated and promote their academic achievement? DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH We have approached these two motivational questions from several perspectives, examining the theoretical issues with basic laboratory research, conducting longitudinal questionnaire studies in classrooms, and developing interventions implemented in different STEM contexts. Our research is grounded in three theories that we believe are complementary: expectancy-value theory (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002), interest theory (Hidi & Renninger, 2006), and self-affirmation theory (Steele, 1988). As social psychologists, we have focused on motivational theory and used experimental methods, with an emphasis on values - students' perceptions of the value of academic tasks and students' personal values that shape their experiences in academic contexts. FINDINGS We review the experimental field studies in high-school science and college psychology classes, in which utility-value interventions promoted interest and performance for high-school students in science classes and for undergraduate students in psychology courses. We also review a randomized intervention in which parents received information about the utility value of math and science for their teens in high school; this intervention led students to take nearly one semester more of science and mathematics, compared with the control group. Finally, we review an experimental study of values affirmation in a college biology course and found that the intervention improved performance and retention for first-generation college students, closing the social-class achievement gap by 50%. We conclude by discussing the mechanisms through which these interventions work. ORIGINALITY/VALUE These interventions are exciting for their broad applicability in improving students' academic choices and performance, they are also exciting regarding their potential for contributions to basic science. The combination of laboratory experiments and field experiments is advancing our understanding of the motivational principles and almost certainly will continue to do so. At the same time, interventions may benefit from becoming increasingly targeted at specific motivational processes that are effective with particular groups or in particular contexts.
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Esposito F, Rochat L, Juillerat Van der Linden AC, Lekeu F, Charnallet A, Van der Linden M. Apathy in aging: are lack of interest and lack of initiative dissociable? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013; 58:43-50. [PMID: 24135627 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is common in aging and generally defined on the basis of three dimensions: lack of initiative, lack of interest and emotional blunting. Curiously, no study until now has examined the associations and dissociations between these dimensions in elderly people (with or without dementia). These questions were addressed in two studies. In the first study, we explored the distribution of scores and the relationships between the three dimensions of apathy in 56 patients with dementia, focusing mainly on lack of initiative and lack of interest. Apathy was hetero-evaluated with the Apathy Inventory (AI), a scale widely used to assess the apathy dimensions in aging. In the second study, given the AI's limitations, we investigated in more detail the relationship between lack of initiative and interest in 115 elderly people using a new questionnaire specifically designed to assess these two dimensions. Results showed that lack of initiative was closely related to lack of interest (Study 1). Although we used a more specific questionnaire, these facets of apathy did not constitute two separable dimensions, but reflected a common main factor of apathy in aging (Study 2). Thus, the distinction between lack of initiative and lack of interest seems questionable. Only a multifactorial approach that includes the various psychological factors involved in apathy would enable one to gain a better understanding of the different manifestations of apathy and to highlight possible dissociations between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Esposito
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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