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Fang X, Cao J, Tao Z, Yang Z, Dai Y, Zhao L. Hydroxytyrosol attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury by ameliorating steatosis, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation by interfering STAT3/iNOS pathway. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2187564. [PMID: 36932927 PMCID: PMC10026757 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2187564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a polyphenol with a wide range of biological activities. Excessive drinking can lead to oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, which usually develop into alcohol liver disease (ALD). At present, there is no specific drug to treat ALD. In this paper, the protection effect of HT on ALD and the underline mechanism were studied.Methods: HepG2 cells were exposed to ethanol in vitro and C57BL/6J mice were fed with a Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet in vivo.Results: triglyceride (TG) level in serum and the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) were reduced significantly by the treatment with HT The acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was increased, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were increased, suggesting that HT may reduce its oxidative damage to the body by promoting alcohol metabolism. Furthermore, according to the mRNA levels of tnf-α, il-6 and il-1β, HT inhibited ethanol-induced inflammation significantly. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of HT may be related to suppress the STAT3/iNOS pathway.Dissussion: Our study showed that HT could ameliorate ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation and provide a new candidate for the prevention and treatment of ALD.
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Key Words
- ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase
- ALD, alcohol liver disease
- ALDH, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CAT, catalase
- COX2, cyclo-oxygen-ase2
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPPH, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- GSH, glutathione
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- HepG2
- Hepatic steatosis
- Hydroxytyrosol
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- Liver injury
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- STAT3/iNOS pathway
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- alcoholic liver disease
- anti-inflammation
- anti-oxidation
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide Synthas
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianying Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Tao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Yanghe Distillery Co. Ltd, Suqian, People's Republic of China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Asgary R, Beideck E, Naderi R. Diabetes care and its predictors among persons experiencing homelessness compared with domiciled adults with diabetes in New York City; An observational study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101418. [PMID: 35516444 PMCID: PMC9062666 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of data regarding diabetes control among patients experiencing homelessness. METHODS We retrospectively collected type 2 diabetes-related measurements, sociodemographic, and clinical indicators from medical records of all incoming adults with diabetes (n = 418; homeless: 356 and domiciled: 58) seen in shelter-clinics in New York City in 2019. The outcomes were the rates of inadequately managed diabetes and associated factors. FINDINGS Bivariate analysis showed that patients experiencing homelessness (63% Black; 32% Hispanic) 134/304 (43⋅9%) were more likely than domiciled patients 13/57 (22·8%) to have inadequately managed diabetes (OR 2⋅67, CI 1·38-5·16, p = 0⋅003). The average HbA1c among homeless (8·4%, SD± 2·6) was higher than that of domiciled persons (7·3%, SD± 1·8, p = 0·002). In logistic regression, domiciled status (OR 0⋅ 42, CI 0·21 - 0·84, p = 0·013), older age (OR 0·97, CI 0·95 - 0·99, p = 0·004), and non-Hispanic/Latino ethnicity were associated with well-managed diabetes. Among persons experiencing homelessness, non-Hispanic/Latino (OR 0·61, CI 0·37-0·99, p = 0·047) and older age (0·96, CI 0·94-0·99, p = 0·003) were associated with well-managed diabetes. In linear regression, mental illness (-0·11, p = 0·048) and older age (-0·15, p = 0·010) were associated with lower HbA1c, suggesting better support in respective shelters. There was no statistically significant association between inadequately managed diabetes with several traditional risk factors including substance or alcohol use disorder, health insurance, or other chronic diseases. INTERPRETATION Interventions at shelters or shelter-clinics should target subgroups in addition to addressing traditional risk factors to improve diabetes control. mHealth strategies could be considered to improve engagement, care delivery, and medication taking. Ultimately, homelessness itself needs to be addressed. FUNDING There are no funding sources to declare.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- BP, blood pressure
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes mellitus
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- HTN, hypertension
- HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c
- Health disparities
- Homeless
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- PCP, primary care physician
- Primary care
- Quality care
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Asgary
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Elena Beideck
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rosanna Naderi
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
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Yasmin T, Rahman MM, Khan F, Kabir F, Nahar K, Lasker S, Islam MD, Hossain MM, Hasan R, Rana S, Alam MA. Metformin treatment reverses high fat diet- induced non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and dyslipidemia by stimulating multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101168. [PMID: 34825068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This current study investigated the effect of metformin treatment on hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NADLD) in high fat diet (HFD) fed rats. Method Wistar rats were fed with a HFD or laboratory chow diet for 8 weeks. Metformin was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Body weight, food and water intake were recorded on daily basis. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), biochemical analysis and histological examinations were conducted on plasma and tissue samples. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mRNA expression was analyzed using reverse transcription polymeric chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Metformin treatment for 8 weeks prevented HFD-induced weight gain and decreased fat deposition in HFD fed rats. Biochemical analysis revealed that metformin treatment significantly attenuated nitro-oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP), and excessive nitric oxide (NO) levels in the liver of HFD fed rats. Gene expression analysis demonestrated that metformin treatment was associated with an enhanced expression of antioxidant genes such as Nrf-2, HO-1, SOD and catalase in liver of HFD fed rats. Metformin treatment also found to modulate the expression of fat metabolizing and anti-inflammatory genes including PPAR--γ, C/EBP-α, SREBP1c, FAS, AMPK and GLUT-4. Consistent with the biochemical and gene expression data, the histopathological examination unveiled that metformin treatment attenuated inflammatory cells infiltration, steatosis, hepatocyte necrosis, collagen deposition, and fibrosis in the liver of HFD fed rats. Conclusion In conclusion, this study suggests that metformin might be effective in the prevention and treatment of HFD-induced steatosis by reducing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APOP, advanced protein oxidation product
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- ATP, Adinosine triphosphate
- AUC, area under the curve
- CAT, catalase
- FAS, Fatty acid synthase
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HF, High fat
- HSCs, Hepatic stellate cells
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- MPO, Myeloperoxidase
- Met, Metformin
- Metformin
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NO, nitric oxide
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- OGTT, Oral glucose tolerance test
- Obesity
- PBS, Phosphate buffer saline
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
- TBA, Thiobarbituric acid
- TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
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Gladine C, Fedorova M. The clinical translation of eicosanoids and other oxylipins, although challenging, should be actively pursued. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 21:27-30. [PMID: 34820674 PMCID: PMC8600996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Key Words
- CE, cholesteryl ester
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PL, phospholipid
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid
- TG, triglyceride
- oxCE, oxidized CE
- oxLDL, oxidized LDL
- oxTG, oxidized TG
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gladine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Khan MT, Dalvin S, Nilsen F, Male R. Two apolipoproteins in salmon louse ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis), apolipoprotein 1 knock down reduces reproductive capacity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101156. [PMID: 34729423 PMCID: PMC8545670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis is an ectoparasite of salmonid fish in the Northern Hemisphere, causing large economical losses in the aquaculture industry and represent a threat to wild populations of salmonids. Like other oviparous animals, it is likely that female lice use lipoproteins for lipid transport to maturing oocytes and other organs of the body. As an important component of lipoproteins, apolipoproteins play a vital role in the transport of lipids through biosynthesis of lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins have been studied in detail in different organisms, but no studies have been done in salmon lice. Two apolipoprotein encoding genes (LsLp1 and LsLp2) were identified in the salmon lice genome. Transcriptional analysis revealed both genes to be expressed at all stages from larvae to adult with some variation, LsLp1 generally higher than LsLp2 and both at their highest levels in adult stages of the louse. In adult female louse, the LsLp1 and LsLp2 transcripts were found in the sub-epidermal tissue and the intestine. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LsLp1 and LsLp2 in female lice resulted in reduced expression of both transcripts. LsLp1 knockdown female lice produced significantly less offspring than control lice, while knockdown of LsLp2 in female lice caused no reduction in the number of offspring. These results suggest that LsLp1 has an important role in reproduction in female salmon lice. Salmon lice are ectoparasites and a major threat to aquaculture industry and wild salmon. Two apolipoproteins in salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Expressed at all stages from larvae to adult, sub-epidermal tissue and the intestine . RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LsLp1 and LsLp2. LsLp1 knockdown female lice produced significantly less offspring than control lice.
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Key Words
- Apolipoproteins
- CP, clotting protein
- Crustacea
- DIG, Digoxigenin
- Ectoparasite
- Gene expression
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LLTP, large lipid transfer protein
- Lp, lipophorin
- Ls, Lepeophtheirus salmonis
- MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- RNAi
- RNAi, RNA interference
- Reproduction
- Vit, vitellogenins
- apo B-100, apolipoprotein B-100
- apoCr, apolipocrustaceins
- apoLp-II/I, apolipophorin-II/I
- dLPs, large discoidal lipoproteins
- ef1α, elongation factor 1 alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tanveer Khan
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sussie Dalvin
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Nilsen
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Male
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
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Han L, Jiang C. Evolution of blood-brain barrier in brain diseases and related systemic nanoscale brain-targeting drug delivery strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2306-2325. [PMID: 34522589 PMCID: PMC8424230 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) strictly controls matter exchange between blood and brain, and severely limits brain penetration of systemically administered drugs, resulting in ineffective drug therapy of brain diseases. However, during the onset and progression of brain diseases, BBB alterations evolve inevitably. In this review, we focus on nanoscale brain-targeting drug delivery strategies designed based on BBB evolutions and related applications in various brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury and brain tumor. The advances on optimization of small molecules for BBB crossing and non-systemic administration routes (e.g., intranasal treatment) for BBB bypassing are not included in this review.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AMT, alpha-methyl-l-tryptophan
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- BACE1, β-secretase 1
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- BTB, blood–brain tumor barrier
- Blood–brain barrier
- Brain diseases
- Brain-targeting
- CMT, carrier-mediated transportation
- DTPA-Gd, Gd-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid
- Drug delivery systems
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- GLUT1, glucose transporter-1
- Gd, gadolinium
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- KATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channels
- KCa, calcium-dependent potassium channels
- LAT1, L-type amino acid transporter 1
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDLR, LDL receptor
- LFA-1, lymphocyte function associated antigen-1
- LRP1, LDLR-related protein 1
- MFSD2A, major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a
- MMP9, metalloproteinase-9
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PEG, polyethyleneglycol
- PEG-PLGA, polyethyleneglycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen
- RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products
- RBC, red blood cell
- RMT, receptor-mediated transcytosis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
- TJ, tight junction
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZO1, zona occludens 1
- siRNA, short interfering RNA
- tPA, tissue plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 512 65882089.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Phipps BL, Suwannasual U, Lucero J, Mitchell NA, Lund AK. Vehicle emissions-exposure alters expression of systemic and tissue-specific components of the renin-angiotensin system and promotes outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease and obesity in wild-type C57BL/6 male mice. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:846-62. [PMID: 33948438 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vehicle emission-exposure increases systemic and adipose renin-angiotensin signaling. Emission-exposure promotes renal, vascular, and adipocyte AT1 receptor expression. Diet and emission-exposure are associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and weight gain. Emission-exposure promotes expression of adipokines and adipose inflammatory factors. High-fat diet promotes an obese adipose phenotype, exacerbated by emission-exposure.
Exposure to air pollution from traffic-generated sources is known to contribute to the etiology of inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity; however, the signaling pathways involved are still under investigation. Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can contribute to CVD and alter lipid storage and inflammation in adipose tissue. Our previous exposure studies revealed that traffic-generated emissions increase RAS signaling, further exacerbated by a high-fat diet. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to engine emissions increases systemic and local adipocyte RAS signaling, promoting the expression of factors involved in CVD and obesity. Male C57BL/6 mice (6–8 wk old) were fed either a high-fat (HF, n = 16) or low-fat (LF, n = 16) diet, beginning 30d prior to exposures, and then exposed via inhalation to either filtered air (FA, controls) or a mixture of diesel engine + gasoline engine vehicle emissions (MVE: 100 μg PM/m3) via whole-body inhalation for 6 h/d, 7 d/wk, 30d. Endpoints were assessed via immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. MVE-exposure promoted vascular adhesion factors (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) expression, monocyte/macrophage sequestration, and oxidative stress in the vasculature, associated with increased angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) expression. In the kidney, MVE-exposure promoted the expression of renin, AT1, and AT2 receptors. In adipose tissue, both HF-diet and MVE-exposure mediated increased epididymal fat pad weight and adipocyte hypertrophy, associated with increased angiotensinogen and AT1 receptor expression; however, these outcomes were further exacerbated in the MVE + HF group. MVE-exposure also induced inflammation, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and leptin, while reducing insulin receptor and glucose transporter, GLUT4, expression in adipose tissue. Our results indicate that MVE-exposure promotes systemic and local adipose RAS signaling, associated with increased expression of factors contributing to CVD and obesity, further exacerbated by HF diet consumption.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- AGT, angiotensinogen
- AT1, angiotensin II receptor subtype 1
- AT2, angiotensin II receptor subtype 2
- Adipose
- Air pollution
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- CVD
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DHE, dihydroethidium
- FA, filtered air (controls)
- GLUT-4, glucose transporter type 4
- HF, high-fat diet
- ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-β, interleukin beta
- IR, insulin receptor
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LF, low-fat diet
- LOX-1, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MOMA-2, anti-monocyte + macrophage antibody
- MVE, mixed gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions
- Obesity
- PM, particulate matter
- RAS, renin-angiotensin system
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Renin-angiotensin system
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- vWF, Von Willebrand factor
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Xiao Q, Li X, Li Y, Wu Z, Xu C, Chen Z, He W. Biological drug and drug delivery-mediated immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:941-960. [PMID: 33996408 PMCID: PMC8105778 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and development of major inflammatory diseases, i.e., cancer, vascular inflammation, and some autoimmune diseases are closely linked to the immune system. Biologics-based immunotherapy is exerting a critical role against these diseases, whereas the usage of the immunomodulators is always limited by various factors such as susceptibility to digestion by enzymes in vivo, poor penetration across biological barriers, and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. Drug delivery strategies are potent to promote their delivery. Herein, we reviewed the potential targets for immunotherapy against the major inflammatory diseases, discussed the biologics and drug delivery systems involved in the immunotherapy, particularly highlighted the approved therapy tactics, and finally offer perspectives in this field.
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Key Words
- AAs, amino acids
- ACT, adoptive T cell therapy
- AHC, Chlamydia pneumonia
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AP, ascorbyl palmitate
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASIT, antigen-specific immunotherapy
- Adoptive cell transfer
- ApoA–I, apolipoprotein A–I
- ApoB LPs, apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins
- Atherosclerosis
- BMPR-II, bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor
- Biologics
- Bregs, regulatory B lymphocytes
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CCR9–CCL25, CC receptor 9–CC chemokine ligand 25
- CD, Crohn's disease
- CETP, cholesterol ester transfer protein
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4
- CX3CL1, CXXXC-chemokine ligand 1
- CXCL 16, CXC-chemokine ligand 16
- CXCR 2, CXC-chemokine receptor 2
- Cancer immunotherapy
- CpG ODNs, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
- DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
- DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Dex, dexamethasone
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention effect
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETAR, endothelin-1 receptor type A
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor-2
- IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases
- ICOS, inducible co-stimulator
- ICP, immune checkpoint
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IT-hydrogel, inflammation-targeting hydrogel
- Immune targets
- Inflammatory diseases
- JAK, Janus kinase
- LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LTB4, leukotriene B4
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MCT, monocrotaline
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MHCs, major histocompatibility complexes
- MHPC, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-phosphocholine
- MIF, migration inhibitory factor
- MM, multiple myeloma
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MOF, metal–organic framework
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-B
- NK, natural killer
- NPs, nanoparticles
- NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PAECs, pulmonary artery endothelial cells
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PASMCs, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9
- PD-1, programmed death protein-1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1
- PLGA, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
- Pulmonary artery hypertension
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SHP-2, Src homology 2 domain–containing tyrosine phosphatase 2
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- Src, sarcoma gene
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
- Teff, effector T cell
- Th17, T helper 17
- Tph, T peripheral helper
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- VEC, vascular endothelial cadherin
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VISTA, V-domain immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T-cell activation
- YCs, yeast-derived microcapsules
- bDMARDs, biological DMARDs
- hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure
- nCmP, nanocomposite microparticle
- rHDL, recombinant HDL
- rhTNFRFc, recombinant human TNF-α receptor II-IgG Fc fusion protein
- scFv, single-chain variable fragment
- α1D-AR, α1D-adrenergic receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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9
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Wyness SP, Genzen JR. Performance evaluation of five lipoprotein(a) immunoassays on the Roche cobas c501 chemistry analyzer. Pract Lab Med 2021; 25:e00218. [PMID: 33898688 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Measurement of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is used in risk assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The aim of the current study was to evaluate performance characteristic of five different Lp(a) assays using the cobas c501 (Roche Diagnostics) analyzer. Design and methods Lp(a) was measured using five Lp(a) assays (Diazyme, Kamiya, MedTest, Randox, and Roche) configured to mg/dL units. Assays from Diazyme and Kamiya were also configured using nmol/L units in separate experiments. Studies included sensitivity, imprecision, linearity, method comparison, and evaluation of healthy subjects. Imprecision (intra-day, 20 replicates; inter-day, duplicates twice daily for five days) and linearity were evaluated using patient pools. Linearity assessed a minimum of five patient splits spanning the analytical measurement range (AMR). Method comparison used 80 residual serum samples. Specimens from 120 self-reported healthy subjects (61 females / 59 males) were also tested. Method comparison for two assays in nmol/L units was conducted using 96 residual serum samples. Results Assay sensitivities met all manufacturer claims. Imprecision studies demonstrated %CVs ranging from 2.5 to 5.2% for the low pool (average concentration from 7.3 to 12.4 mg/dL); high pool %CVs ranged from 0.8 to 3.0% (average concentrations from 31.5–50.2 mg/dL). Linearity was confirmed for all assays. Variation in accuracy was observed when comparing results to an all method average. Lp(a) results were higher in females versus males in self-reported healthy subjects. Conclusions All assays performed according to manufacturer described performance characteristics, although differences were observed across Lp(a) assays tested when compared to an all method average. Five automated assays for Lp(a) measurement (mg/dL units) were compared. Differences in accuracy were observed across the methods investigated. Two assays were also compared using nmol/L units. More Lp(a) assay traceability to the international reference material is needed.
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Key Words
- AMR, analytical measurement range
- ASCVD, antherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
- CV, coefficient of variation
- ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- Harmonization
- IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry
- IFE, immunofixation electrophoresis
- KIV2, kringle-4 type 2
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Lipids
- Lipoprotein
- Lipoprotein(a)
- Lp(a), lipoprotein(a)
- NLMDRL, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories
- R, correlation coefficient
- Standardization
- VNTR, variable number of tandem repeat
- apo(a), apolipoprotein(a)
- apoB-100, apolipoprotein B-100
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10
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Eliasson A, Kashani M, Vernalis M. Results of a prospective cardiovascular disease prevention program. Prev Med Rep 2021; 22:101344. [PMID: 33842199 PMCID: PMC8020477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cardiovascular Health Program (CHP) Registry is a 12-month, prospective study of therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC). Adult participants received comprehensive assessment of health behaviors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Personalized TLC action plans addressed modifiable health behaviors for diet, exercise, stress management, and sleep. Participants attended a half-day interactive workshop and met face-to-face with certified health coaches four times over 6 months. Monthly telephonic coaching for 6 more months completed the intervention. Measured outcomes included adherence to behavioral prescriptions, anthropometrics, CVD-relevant laboratory tests, and for a subset of participants, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Of 965 participants, 648 (67%) completed the program and were included in the analysis. Participants were of mean age 55.4 ± 12.5 years, 57% women, and racially diverse. Adherence to prescribed TLC was substantial: dietary behaviors at goal rose from 53% to 86%, exercise 44% to 66%, perceived stress 65% to 79%, and sleep quality 28% to 49%. For participants with abnormal anthropometrics at baseline, there were improvements in body mass index in 63%, waist circumference (men 71%, women 74%), systolic BP 69%, and diastolic BP 71%. For participants with abnormal laboratory values at baseline, there were improvements in total cholesterol in 74%, LDL-cholesterol 65%, triglycerides 86%, fasting glucose 72%, and insulin resistance 71%. Improvements were not driven by prescribed medications. CIMT improved or showed no change in 70% of those measured, associated with significant improvements in sleep quality and longer total sleep time. Longer trials incorporating controls and major adverse CVD events are warranted.
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Key Words
- ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
- ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
- BMI, body mass index in kg/m2
- BP, blood pressure
- Behavioral intervention
- CCB, calcium channel blocker
- CHP, Cardiovascular Health Program
- CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness
- CLIA, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
- Cardiovascular disease
- Cardiovascular risk
- DPP4, mdipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor
- Dias BP, diastolic blood pressure in mm Hg
- ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale
- FBG, fasting blood glucose in mg/dL
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance
- IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire
- IRB, institutional review board
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events
- NDRI, nicotine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor
- NP, nurse practitioner
- PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
- PSS, Perceived Stress Scale
- Prevention
- RYP, Rate-Your-Plate
- SARI, serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor
- SD, standard deviation
- SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
- SPSS, Statistical Package for the Social Science
- SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- Statin, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
- Sys BP, systolic blood pressure in mm Hg
- TCA, tricyclic antidepressant
- TLC, therapeutic lifestyle change
- Therapeutic lifestyle change
- Tot Chol, total cholesterol in mg/dL
- Trig, triglycerides in mg/dL
- WC, waist circumference in cm
- α Blocker, alpha blocker
- β blocker, beta blocker
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Affiliation(s)
- Arn Eliasson
- Cardiovascular Health Program Registry, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Mariam Kashani
- Cardiovascular Health Program Registry, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Marina Vernalis
- Cardiovascular Health Program Registry, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
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11
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Basman C, Fishman SL, Avtanski D, Rashid U, Kodra A, Chen K, Jonas R, Stoffels GJ, Lesser M, Inlall D, Ziskovich K, Singh V, Poretsky L. Glycosylated hemoglobin, but not advanced glycation end products, predicts severity of coronary artery disease in patients with or without diabetes. Metabol Open 2020; 7:100050. [PMID: 32924001 PMCID: PMC7474000 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is strong but the physiologic mechanisms responsible for this association remain unclear. Patients with DM exhibit high circulating levels of glycated proteins and lipoproteins called advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which have been implicated in the development of oxidative damage to vascular endothelium. We examined the relationships between the presence and extent of CAD and AGEs in patients undergoing elective coronary artery catheterization in an urban teaching hospital. Methods Patients with possible CAD (n = 364) were recruited prior to elective cardiac catheterization (52% male, 48% diabetic). Regression and correlation analyses were used to examine the relationship between serum AGE concentrations, soluble AGE receptor (sRAGE) concentration, HbA1c, LDL and the presence of obstructive CAD along with the burden of CAD measured by SYNTAX and SYNTAX II scores. Results AGE and sRAGE levels did not significantly correlate with any of the studied coronary artery disease parameters. HbA1c showed positive correlation with both SYNTAX and SYNTAX II scores in patients with and without diabetes. Conclusion In this cross-sectional study of patients with possible CAD, serum AGEs and sRAGE concentrations did not correlate with SYNTAX or SYNTAX II scores regardless of diabetic status. HbA1C correlated positively with the SYNTAX and SYNTAX II scores in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Basman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L Fishman
- Division of Endocrinology and Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimiter Avtanski
- Division of Endocrinology and Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Umar Rashid
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arber Kodra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karin Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guillaume J Stoffels
- Biostatics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Martin Lesser
- Biostatics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Damian Inlall
- Division of Endocrinology and Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karina Ziskovich
- Division of Endocrinology and Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonid Poretsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Yu C, Wan Y, Piao L, Wu Cheng X. Can cysteinyl cathepsin activity control diet-induced NAFLD? Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2020; 28:100516. [PMID: 32373709 PMCID: PMC7195526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Key Words
- CSTB, cathepsin B
- CTSB+/+, wild-type
- CTSB−/−, cathepsin B deficiency
- CTSs, cathepsins
- FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4
- FPC, fructose-palmitate-cholesterol
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MMP, metalloproteinase
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Scad, short-chain acyl dehydrogenase-1
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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13
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Zhou L, Tang J, Hu F, Liao Y, Li R, Zhou Y, Yao Z, Geng Z, Yang Z, Zhang X, Xie L. Effects of different levels of TGF-β expression and tumor cell necrosis rates in osteosarcoma on the chemotherapy resistance of osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2020; 23:100299. [PMID: 32566472 PMCID: PMC7296333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The clinical significance of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and tumor cell necrosis rate (TCNR) in the expression of osteosarcoma and its effects of chemotherapy resistance on osteosarcoma were explored. Patients and methods 94 cases of neoadjuvant chemotherapy osteosarcoma patients at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2014 and January 2019 were collected. Samples tested for TGF-β were collected before chemotherapy, the tumor cell necrosis rate of pathological samples before and after chemotherapy was determined. Others analyzed covariates included 12 prognostic factors that may be associated with chemotherapy resistance in previous studies: age, BMI, initial diagnosis time (The time from symptom onset to first medical attention), KPS score, initial tumor size, lymphocytes/leukocytes rate (LWR), neutrophils/lymphocytes rate (NLR), albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST), low density lipoprotein (LDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), response evaluation criteria in solid tumours by RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Result 1. A total of 94 cases were examined for expression of TGF-β in pathological specimens, 45 cases were TGF-β high expression (47.9%) and 49 cases were TGF-β low expression (52.1%); 2. The BMI, LDL, ALP, NLR in TGF-β high expression group was significantly increased compared to TGF-β low expression group; the Initial diagnosis time, KPS in TGF-β high expression group was significantly decreased compared to TGF-β low expression group, all P < 0.05; 3. Effect of chemotherapy was positively with positive cell rate (P < 0.01 r = 0.337) and TGF-β total score (P < 0.0001 r = 0.635), while effect of chemotherapy was no correlation with degree of dyeing score (P > 0.05); there was significant difference in change from baseline after chemotherapy between TGF-β high expression group and TGF-β low expression group (P = 0.045); 4. Median OS 61.4 months in the TGF-β high expression group, median OS 68.1 months in the TGF-β low expression group, one-year survival rate, there was statistically significant difference in two groups (P = 0.045); median PFS 44.8 months in the TGF-β high expression group, median PFS 56.2 months in the TGF-β low expression group, There was no statistically significant difference in two groups (P > 0.05); 5. A total of 92 cases were examined for TCNR after chemotherapy, 62 were TCNR ≤ 90% (67.4%), 30 were TCNR > 90% (32.6%); 6. the Initial diagnosis time, KPS, in TCNR > 90% group was significantly increased compared to TCNR ≤ 90% group; the initial tumor size, BUN, ALP in TCNR > 90% group was significantly decreased compared to TCNR ≤ 90% group, all P < 0.05; 7. TCNR was negatively correlated with the change from baseline after chemotherapy (P < 0.001 r = −0.411); there was no statistically significant difference between TCNR > 90% group and TCNR ≤ 90% group in change from baseline after chemotherapy (P > 0.05); 8. Median OS 67.8 months in the TCNR > 90% group, median OS 61.7 months in the TCNR ≤ 90% group, there was statistically significant difference between two groups (P = 0.040); median PFS 57.4 months in the TCNR > 90% group, median PFS 40.5 months in the TCNR ≤ 90% group, there was statistically significant difference between two groups (P = 0.036); 9. TGF-β total score was negatively correlated with TCNR (P < 0.001 r = −0.571). Conclusion The results of this study suggested that the higher expression of TGF-β, the lower expression of TCNR, which more likely to induce chemotherapy resistance among patients with osteosarcoma and lead to poor prognosis.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- Chemotherapy resistance
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LWR, lymphocytes/leukocytes rate
- NLR, neutrophils/lymphocytes rate
- OS, overall survival
- Osteosarcoma
- PFS, progression-free survival
- TCNR, tumor cell necrosis rate
- TGF-β
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- Tumor cell necrosis rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiadai Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengdi Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yedan Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Department of Palliative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhengqin Geng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zuozhang Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueqi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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14
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Manda CM, Hokimoto T, Okura T, Isoda H, Shimano H, Wagatsuma Y. Handgrip strength predicts new prediabetes cases among adults: A prospective cohort study. Prev Med Rep 2020; 17:101056. [PMID: 32071846 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There was high prediabetes incidence among participants of medical examinations. Lower relative handgrip strength (HS) predicted higher prediabetes incidence risk. Results significant in individuals < 40 and ≥ 40 years old. HS predicted lower prediabetes incidence risk among normal weight individuals.
Conventional risk factors for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes such as obesity do not completely explain the higher prevalence of prediabetes; therefore, research to investigate the role of other independent risk factors is required. A few cross-sectional studies have reported an association between muscle strength and prediabetes among normal-weight adults, but the longitudinal relationship of muscle strength with incident prediabetes among adults has not been reported. This prospective cohort study was conducted to investigate whether relative handgrip strength in adults predicted prediabetes incidence after 2 years of follow-up. The study was conducted in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan and recruited individuals without prediabetes and diabetes attending lifestyle related medical examinations between April 2016 and March 2017 (n = 2054). Individuals who came for the follow-up medical examinations between April 2018 and March 2019 were included in the analysis (n = 1075). One hundred sixty-nine individuals (15.7%) developed prediabetes after a mean follow-up of 24.2 months (SD = 1.9 months). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of new prediabetes cases were calculated using Cox regression. Higher baseline relative handgrip strength predicted a lower risk (aHR [95% CI] = 0.38 [0.21–0.71] of prediabetes incidence among adults. Importantly, relative handgrip strength predicted new prediabetes cases among normal weight individuals (aHR [95% CI] = 0.39 [0.16–0.96]). The findings suggest that handgrip strength measurement is useful to identify individuals at high risk of newly diagnosed prediabetes, importantly, among normal weight individuals. The identified individuals may benefit from early intervention to reduce the risk of prediabetes.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- CI, confidence interval
- COI, center of innovation
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- Handgrip strength
- HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c
- IQR, interquartile range
- Incident
- JA Ibaraki, agricultural cooperative of Ibaraki
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Muscle strength
- Normal weight
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- Physical activity
- Prediabetes
- SD, standard deviation
- aHR, adjusted hazard ratios
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15
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Bittar R, Carrié A, Nouadje G, Cherfils C, Fesel-Fouquier V, Barbot-Trystram L, Giral P, Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Evaluation of a semi-automatic isoelectric focusing method for apolipoprotein E phenotyping. Pract Lab Med 2020; 18:e00150. [PMID: 31909147 PMCID: PMC6939034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2019.e00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A qualitative, semi-automatized method for apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotyping by isoelectric focusing method has been evaluated on 40 serum samples from patients previously genotyped for apoE, especially as regards concordance with genotyping, but also repeatability and reproducibility of the method, and sample storage. Total concordance with genotyping and good precision criteria, together with its practicability and requirement of a little sample volume, lead to conclude to the usefulness of this method to help clinicians in the diagnosis of dyslipidemic and neurodegenerative diseases. Semi-automatic isoelectrofocusing method for apoE phenotyping. Total concordance with genotyping. Good repeatability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Bittar
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Alain Carrié
- Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France.,Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Corinne Cherfils
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Giral
- Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France.,Service d'Endocrinologie-Métabolisme, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006, Paris, France
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16
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Shaban EE, Elbakry HFH, Ibrahim KS, El Sayed EM, Salama DM, Farrag ARH. The effect of white kidney bean fertilized with nano-zinc on nutritional and biochemical aspects in rats. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2019. [PMID: 31312610 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the safety of white kidney bean (WKB) fertilized by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) via studying changes of liver and kidney function, lipid profile and histological examination for the liver and kidney tissue in rats fed on it. Twenty Four male albino rats were used in this study divided into four groups; the first fed balanced diet (control group), the second fed WKB treated with normal ZnO (nWKB), the third fed WKB treated with 20 ppm ZnO-NPs (tWKB-1), and the fourth fed WKB treated with 40 ppm ZnO-NPs (tWKB-2). The results revealed that WKB treated with ZnO-NPs reduced body weight, food efficiency ratio, relative liver weight, and relative spleen weight were increased as well as the most biochemical parameters exhibited non-significant changes as compared to control group. Meanwhile, tWKB-2 group demonstrated a decrease in alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase activities as compared to nWKB group.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine transaminase
- AST, Aspartate transaminase
- HDL-ch, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Kidney function
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDL-ch, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Lipids
- Liver function
- NPs, nanoparticles
- WKB, white kidney bean
- White kidney bean
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles
- ZnO-NPs, zinc oxide nanoparticles
- nWKB, Normal white kidney bean
- tWKB-1, treated WKB with 20ppm ZnO-NPs
- tWKB-2, treated WKB with 40ppm ZnO-NPs
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E Shaban
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hagar F H Elbakry
- Nutrition & Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khadiga S Ibrahim
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M El Sayed
- Nutrition & Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina M Salama
- Vegetable Research Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Rizwan F, Yesmine S, Banu SG, Chowdhury IA, Hasan R, Chatterjee TK. Renoprotective effects of stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), amlodipine, valsartan, and losartan in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat model: Biochemical, hematological and histological approaches. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:683-691. [PMID: 31372346 PMCID: PMC6656923 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the renoprotective effects of stevia, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker and calcium (Ca2+) channel blocker in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat models. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats of eight weeks old were taken for the experiment: sham control, nephrotoxicity, treatment with amlodipine (4 mg/kg/day); stevia (200 mg/kg/day); losartan (15 mg/kg/day) and valsartan (5 mg/kg/day), accordingly. The blood sample was taken for the assessment of renal and hepatic-functional variables like serum creatinine, blood urea, BUN and SGPT, SGOT, and total serum bilirubin. Hematological parameters were also examined. Histological examination has been done on kidneys and liver. Alterations of the body weight and the organ's weight were documented. Treatment with stevia and valsartan significantly decreased serum creatinine levels. A reduction of liver enzymes, and total serum bilirubin levels were observed in all the treatment groups. Treatment with valsartan and amlodipine, remarkably and stevia, mildly reduced the renal tissue damage, inflammation, and tubular necrosis. However, the present study demonstrated that losartan treatment aggravated kidney damage by increasing protein cast, calcification, tubular necrosis, and injury. This comparison indicated that both stevia and valsartan have beneficial renoprotective effect and valsartan offers a better treatment option in renal damage over losartan.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- ARB
- ARB, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1) blockers
- AT1, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor
- AT2, angiotensin-II type 2 receptor
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CCB
- CCB, calcium (Ca2+) channel blocker
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetra acetate
- Gentamycin-induced
- HCT, hematocrit
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- Hb, hemoglobin
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
- MCV, mean corpuscular volume
- Nephrotoxicity
- RBC, red blood cells
- RBS, random blood sugar
- RDW-CV, red blood cell distribution width-CV
- RDW-SD, red blood cell distribution width-SD
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Renoprotective effects
- SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
- SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
- Stevia
- TG, triglycerides
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Rizwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Saquiba Yesmine
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Gulshan Banu
- Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rajibul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Mirpur, 1216, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tapan Kumar Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, 700109, West Bengal, India
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Shaban EE, Elbakry HF, Ibrahim KS, El Sayed EM, Salama DM, Farrag ARH. The effect of white kidney bean fertilized with nano-zinc on nutritional and biochemical aspects in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:e00357. [PMID: 31312610 PMCID: PMC6609785 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological and biochemical changes resulting spraying WKB plant with ZnO-NPs. WKB significantly decreased each of body & liver weight, and food efficiency ratio. WKB supplementation had no deleterious effects either on kidney and liver function.
This study aims to estimate the safety of white kidney bean (WKB) fertilized by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) via studying changes of liver and kidney function, lipid profile and histological examination for the liver and kidney tissue in rats fed on it. Twenty Four male albino rats were used in this study divided into four groups; the first fed balanced diet (control group), the second fed WKB treated with normal ZnO (nWKB), the third fed WKB treated with 20 ppm ZnO-NPs (tWKB-1), and the fourth fed WKB treated with 40 ppm ZnO-NPs (tWKB-2). The results revealed that WKB treated with ZnO-NPs reduced body weight, food efficiency ratio, relative liver weight, and relative spleen weight were increased as well as the most biochemical parameters exhibited non-significant changes as compared to control group. Meanwhile, tWKB-2 group demonstrated a decrease in alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase activities as compared to nWKB group.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine transaminase
- AST, Aspartate transaminase
- HDL-ch, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Kidney function
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDL-ch, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Lipids
- Liver function
- NPs, nanoparticles
- WKB, white kidney bean
- White kidney bean
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles
- ZnO-NPs, zinc oxide nanoparticles
- nWKB, Normal white kidney bean
- tWKB-1, treated WKB with 20ppm ZnO-NPs
- tWKB-2, treated WKB with 40ppm ZnO-NPs
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E. Shaban
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hagar F.H. Elbakry
- Nutrition & Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khadiga S Ibrahim
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M. El Sayed
- Nutrition & Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina M. Salama
- Vegetable Research Department, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Abdulle A, Inman CK, Saleh A, Noshi M, Galani D, Abdelwareth L, Alsafar H, Elfatih A, Al Shamsi H, Ali R, Li H, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM, Benbarka MM, Hassan MH. Metabolic dysfunction in Emirati subjects in Abu Dhabi: Relationship to levels of soluble RAGEs. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2019; 16:100192. [PMID: 31080742 PMCID: PMC6503160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2019.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Arab Emirates is experiencing increasing rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. As soluble levels of the receptor for advanced glycation end products, (sRAGE), and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), the latter an alternatively spliced form of AGER (the gene encoding RAGE), have been reported to be associated with T2D and its complications, we tested for potential relationships between these factors and T2D status in Emirati subjects. METHODS In a case-control study, we recruited Emirati subjects with T2D and controls from the Sheikh Khalifa Medical City in Abu Dhabi. Anthropomorphic characteristics, levels of plasma sRAGE and esRAGE, and routine chemistry variables were measured. RESULTS Two hundred and sixteen T2D subjects and 215 control subjects (mean age, 57.4 ± 12.1 vs. 50.7 ± 15.4 years; P < 0.0001, respectively) were enrolled. Univariate analyses showed that levels of sRAGE were significantly lower in the T2D vs. control subjects (1033.9 ± 545.3 vs. 1169.2 ± 664.1 pg/ml, respectively; P = 0.02). Multivariate analyses adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, pulse, body mass index, Waist/Hip circumference ratio, fasting blood glucose, HDL, LDL, insulin, triglycerides, Vitamin D and urea levels revealed that the difference in sRAGE levels between T2D and control subjects remained statistically-significant, P = 0.03, but not after including estimated glomerular filtration rate in the model, P = 0.14. There were no significant differences in levels of esRAGE. Levels of plasma insulin were significantly higher in the control vs. the T2D subjects (133.6 ± 149.9 vs. 107.6 ± 93.3 pg/L. respectively; P = 0.01, after adjustment for age and sex). CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION Levels of sRAGE, but not esRAGE, were associated with T2D status in Abu Dhabi, but not after correction for eGFR. Elevated levels of plasma insulin in both control and T2D subjects suggests the presence of metabolic dysfunction, even in subjects without diabetes.
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Key Words
- ADAM10, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10
- AGEs, advanced glycation endproducts
- ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
- BMI, body mass index
- CARDS, Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study
- CV, coefficient of variation
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ESRD, end stage renal disease
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- Insulin resistance
- Kidney function
- LADA, latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts
- Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SKMC, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City
- Soluble RAGE (sRAGE)
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TG, triglycerides
- Type 2 diabetes
- UAE, United Arab Emirates
- UAEHFS, United Arab Emirates Healthy Futures Study
- W/H ratio, Waist/Hip circumference ratio
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- esRAGE (endogenous secretory RAGE)
- esRAGE, endogenous secretory RAGE
- hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein
- sRAGE, soluble RAGE
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdishakur Abdulle
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Claire K. Inman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelkarim Saleh
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Noshi
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Galani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laila Abdelwareth
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abubaker Elfatih
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hefsa Al Shamsi
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raghib Ali
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, United Arab Emirates
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Nawale S, Padma Priya K, Pranusha P, Ganga Raju M. Data of antihyperlipidaemic activity for methanolic extract of Tagetes patula Linn. flower head along with piperine, as bioavailability enhancer. Data Brief 2018; 21:587-597. [PMID: 30377647 PMCID: PMC6202789 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The data present in this article is associated with influence of piperine (secondary metabolite) on the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Tagetes patula (METP). METP was evaluated for antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential. Phytoconstituents of METP were identified using gas chromatography linked with a mass spectrometer. in vivo antihyperlipidemic activity of METP at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt. and 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt. along with piperine (20 mg/kg b. wt.) were evaluated by Propylthiouracil induced and Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Propylthiouracil significantly increased the serum TC (p<0.01), TG (p<0.01), LDL (p<0.01) and VLDL (p<0.01) levels and induction of HDL (p<0.01) at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt. along with piperine. Triton X-100 at a single dose of i.p increased lipid levels within 48 h. Increased lipid levels were significantly reduced TC (p<0.01), TG (p<0.01), LDL (p<0.05) and VLDL (p<0.05) by METP at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt. along with piperine. Current data were also supported by histological study of livers, Cord pattern of hepatocytes, few periportal lymphocytes in focal area observed in hyperlipidemic rats and hepatocyte, periportal and centrilobular region of liver appear normal in treated group. METP along with piperine (capability to enhance bioavailability and has a property of increasing oral absorption of drugs) showed promising antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity which suggests the further use of Tagetes patula extract for the management of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- Antihyperlipidemic activity
- Bioavailability
- CPCSEA, Committee for the purpose of control and supervision of experimentation on animals
- GC–MS
- GC–MS, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- IAEC, Institutional Animal Ethical Committee
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- METP, Methanolic extract of Tagetes patula flower heads
- NO, nitric oxide
- OECD, Economic Cooperation and Development
- PTU, propylthiouracil
- Piperine
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SEM, standard error of mean
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- Tagetes patula
- Triton X-100
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- b. wt, body weight
- i.p, intraperitoneal
- p.o, per oral
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Nawale
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad 500090, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - K. Padma Priya
- Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad 500090, India
| | - P. Pranusha
- Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad 500090, India
| | - M. Ganga Raju
- Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad 500090, India
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Das N, Huque K, Amanullah S, Dharmapuri S, Makkar H. Study of chemical composition and nutritional values of vegetable wastes in Bangladesh. Vet Anim Sci 2018; 5:31-37. [PMID: 32734043 PMCID: PMC7386774 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the objectives of determining the chemical composition and nutritional value of vegetable waste (VW) of households and the marketplace for their suitability as ruminant feed. The crude protein, total digestible nutrients and extent of rumen degradability of dry matter (DM) of VW of households were 140.0 g kg-1, 0.668 and 0.855, respectively; while those of the marketplace were 169.0 g kg-1, 0.633 and 0.80, respectively. The levels of chromium and lead in each respectively, was 13.27 and 1.53 ng kg-1DM; and 31.01 and 5.71 ng kg-1DM. The total aflatoxins in VW of households was 3.08 µg kg-1DM, and undetectable in VW from the marketplace. Considering the chemical composition and safety parameters studied, VW could preliminary be considered as animal feed. The feeding of processed marketplace VW (VWP) at 275 g kg-1DM of a diet or 0.76% of live weight (LW) to growing bulls, replacing 50% of a concentrate mixture as supplement to a Napier silage diet for a period of 34 days reduced the total DM intake (0.0276 vs 0.0343 LW) without any significant (P > 0.05) changes in DM or protein digestibility. Blood urea levels (19.5 vs 23.67 mg dl-1), and serum creatinine levels (1.37 vs 1.08 mg dl-1) differed significantly (P > 0.05) between the two groups but were within normal physiological ranges. Therefore, it may be concluded that the level of incorporation of VWP would be less than 50% replacement of the concentrate in the diet. Further research is required to determine optimum inclusion levels in ruminant diets.
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Key Words
- BS, blood sugar
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CP, crude protein
- Chemical composition
- DM, dry matter
- DMI, dry matter intake
- FW, food wastes
- GE, gross energy
- GHG, greenhouse gases
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- Hazardous compounds
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LW, live weight
- ME, metabolizable energy
- MTL, maximum tolerable level
- NDF, neutral detergent fiber
- Nutrient digestibility
- Rumen degradability
- SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
- SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
- TDN, total digestible nutrients
- VW, vegetable wastes
- VWP, processed vegetable wastes
- Vegetable wastes
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Affiliation(s)
- N.G. Das
- Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - K.S. Huque
- Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Amanullah
- Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - S. Dharmapuri
- Food Safety Officer, FAO Food Safety Programme, IPH Building (1st Floor), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - H.P.S. Makkar
- Livestock Production Systems Branch, Animal Production and Health Division, FAO, Rome, Italy
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Zhang Y, Sun T, Jiang C. Biomacromolecules as carriers in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:34-50. [PMID: 29872621 PMCID: PMC5985630 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biomacromolecules have attracted increased attention as carriers in biomedicine in recent years because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties including renewability, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, long blood circulation time and targeting ability. Recent advances in our understanding of the biological functions of natural-origin biomacromolecules and the progress in the study of biological drug carriers indicate that such carriers may have advantages over synthetic material-based carriers in terms of half-life, stability, safety and ease of manufacture. In this review, we give a brief introduction to the biochemical properties of the widely used biomacromolecule-based carriers such as albumin, lipoproteins and polysaccharides. Then examples from the clinic and in recent laboratory development are summarized. Finally the current challenges and future prospects of present biological carriers are discussed.
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Key Words
- ABD, albumin binding domain
- ACM, aclacinomycin
- ACS, absorbable collagen sponge
- ADH, adipic dihydrazide
- ART, artemisinin
- ASF, Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin
- ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid
- ATS, artesunate
- BCEC, brain capillary endothelial cells
- BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein-2
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BSF, Bombyx mori silk fibroin
- Biomacromolecule
- CC-HAM, core-crosslinked polymeric micelle based hyaluronic acid
- CD, cyclodextrin
- CD-NPs, amphiphilic MMA–tBA β-CD star copolymers that are capable of forming nanoparticles
- CD-g-CS, chitosan grafted with β-cyclodextrin
- CD/BP, cyclodextrin–bisphosphonate complexes
- CIA, collagen-induced arthritis
- CM, collagen matrices
- CMD-ChNP, carboxylmethyl dextran chitosan nanoparticle
- DHA, dihydroartesunate
- DOXO-EMCH, (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin
- DOX–TRF, doxorubincin–transferrin conjugate
- DTX-HPLGA, HA coated PLGA nanoparticulate docetaxel
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial mesenchymal transition
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FcRn, neonatal Fc receptor
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GC-DOX, glycol–chitosan–doxorubicin conjugate
- GDNF, glial-derived neurotrophic factor
- GO, grapheme oxide
- GSH, glutathione
- Gd, gadolinium
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HA-CA, catechol-modified hyaluronic acid
- HCF, heparin-conjugated fibrin
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- HSA, human serum albumin
- IDL, intermediate density lipoprotein
- INF, interferon
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor
- LDV, leucine–aspartic acid–valine
- LMWH, low molecular weight heparin
- MSA, mouse serum albumin
- MTX–HSA, methotrexate–albumin conjugate
- NIR, near-infrared
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OP-Gel-NS, oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosliver
- PEC, polyelectrolyte
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Polysaccharide
- Protein
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- RGD, Arg–Gly–Asp peptide
- SF, silk fibroin
- SF-CSNP, silk fibroin modified chitosan nanoparticle
- SFNP, silk fibroin nanoparticle
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
- TRAIL, tumor-necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Tf, transferrin
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- Tissue engineering
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- pDNA, plasmid DNA
- rHDL, recombinant HDL
- rhEGF-2/HA, recombinant human fibroblast growth factor type 2 in a hyaluronic acid carrier
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Al-Seeni MN, El Rabey HA, Al-Hamed AM, Zamazami MA. Nigella sativa oil protects against tartrazine toxicity in male rats. Toxicol Rep 2017; 5:146-155. [PMID: 29854586 PMCID: PMC5977377 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of Nigella sativa oil against the adverse effects of tartrazine on male rats. 18 albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 6). The first (G1) is the negative control, the second group (G2) is the positive control received 10 mg/kg b.w. tartrazine in the diet and the third (G3) received the same dose of tartrazine as in G2 and co-treated with Nigella sativa oil for 8 weeks. Tartrazine decreased total protein, antioxidants and high density lipoproteins, whereas increased liver enzyme, kidney function parameters, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in the positive control group. In addition, it caused pathological changes in the tissues of liver, kidney, testes and stomach. Treating tartrazine supplemented rats of G3 with Nigella sativa oil for 8 weeks significantly improved all biochemical parameters and restored the tissues of kidney, stomach, testes and liver to normal. It could be concluded that N. sativa oil succeeded in protecting male rats against the adverse conditions resulted from tartrazine administration.
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Key Words
- ALP, serum alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, serum alanine aminotransferase
- AST, serum aspartate aminotransferase
- B.W., body weight
- BWG, body weight gain
- FER, food efficiency ratio
- Food additives
- G1, the first negative control untreated group fed basal diet containing 3.75 mg/kg b.w. sulfanilic acid
- G2, the second positive control group fed diets containing 10 mg/kg b.w. tartrazine and 3.75 mg/kg b.w. sulfanilic acid
- G3, the third group (G3) received 10 mg/kg b.w. tartrazine and 3.75 mg/kg b.w. sulfanilic acid and cotreated with 10 ml/kg body weight Nigella sativa oil for 8 weeks
- Honey
- Kidney
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Liver
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- N.N cellulose, non-nutritive cellulose
- Nigella sativa
- Rat
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- Tartrazine
- VLDL, very low density lipoproteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeha N. Al-Seeni
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haddad A. El Rabey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University Of Sadat City, P.O. Box 79, Sadat City, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amani Mohammed Al-Hamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. Zamazami
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Pal S, Sarkar K, Nath PP, Mondal M, Khatun A, Paul G. Bisphenol S impairs blood functions and induces cardiovascular risks in rats. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:560-565. [PMID: 29152460 PMCID: PMC5671619 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol S alters blood homeostasis. Bisphenol S is probably a cardiac risk augmenting chemical. Bisphenol S is a haemolysis promoting chemical.
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an industrial chemical which is recently used to replace the potentially toxic Bisphenol A (BPA) in making polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal receipt papers. The probable toxic effects of BPS on the functions of haemopoietic and cardiovascular systems have not been reported till to date. We report here that BPS depresses haematological functions and induces cardiovascular risks in rat. Adult male albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were given BPS at a dose level of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg BW/day respectively for 30 days. Red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, Hb concentration, and clotting time have been shown to be significantly (*P < 0.05) reduced in a dose dependent manner in all exposed groups of rats comparing to the control. It has also been shown that BPS increases total serum glucose and protein concentration in the exposed groups of rats. We have observed that BPS increases serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, glycerol free triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration has been found to be reduced in the exposed groups. BPS significantly increases serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities dose dependently. Moreover, serum calcium, bilirubin and urea concentration have been observed to be increased in all exposed groups. In conclusion, BPS probably impairs the functions of blood and promotes cardiovascular risks in rats.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BPA, bisphenol A
- BPS, bisphenol S
- Bisphenol S
- Cardiovascular risks
- Clotting time
- DMSO, dimethyl sulphoxide
- HDL cholesterol
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- Hb, hemoglobin
- LDL cholesterol
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- RBC, red blood cells
- Red blood cell count
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- WBC, white blood cells
- White blood cell count
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Pal
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Kaushik Sarkar
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Partha Pratim Nath
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Mukti Mondal
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Ashma Khatun
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Goutam Paul
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
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Tudorache IF, Trusca VG, Gafencu AV. Apolipoprotein E - A Multifunctional Protein with Implications in Various Pathologies as a Result of Its Structural Features. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2017;15:359-365. [PMID: 28660014 PMCID: PMC5476973 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a 34 kDa glycoprotein, mediates hepatic and extrahepatic uptake of plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol efflux from lipid-laden macrophages. In humans, three structural different apoE isoforms occur, with subsequent functional changes and pathological consequences. Here, we review data supporting the involvement of apoE structural domains and isoforms in normal and altered lipid metabolism, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as stress-related pathological states. Studies using truncated apoE forms provided valuable information regarding the regions and residues responsible for its properties. ApoE3 renders protection against cardiovascular diseases by maintaining lipid homeostasis, while apoE2 is associated with dysbetalipoproteinemia. ApoE4 is a recognized risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, although the exact mechanism of the disease initiation and progression is not entirely elucidated. ApoE is also implicated in infections with herpes simplex type-1, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses. Interacting with both viral and host molecules, apoE isoforms differently interfere with the viral life cycle. ApoE exerts anti-inflammatory effects, switching macrophage phenotype from the proinflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2, suppressing CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and reducing IL-2 production. The anti-oxidative properties of apoE are isoform-dependent, modulating the levels of various molecules (Nrf2 target genes, metallothioneins, paraoxonase). Mimetic peptides were designed to exploit apoE beneficial properties. The “structure correctors” which convert apoE4 into apoE3-like molecules have pharmacological potential. Despite no successful strategy is yet available for apoE-related disorders, several promising candidates deserve further improvement and exploitation.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ApoE
- ApoE, Apolipoprotein E
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HLP, phospholipid transfer protein
- HSPGs, heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type-1
- Isoform
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LPG, lipoprotein glomerulopathy
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- Mimetic peptide
- NS5A, nonstructural protein 5A
- PLTP, type III hyperlipoproteinemia
- Structural domain
- TG, triglyceride
- Truncated molecule
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
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Ravikanth VV, Rao GV, Govardhan B, Sasikala M, Subramanyam C, Vivekananda Murthy H, Siva Prasad S, Deepika G, Pradeep R, Nageshwar Reddy D. Polymorphisms in UGT1A1 Gene Predispose South Indians to Pigmentous Gallstones. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2016; 6:216-223. [PMID: 27746618 PMCID: PMC5052425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pigmentous gallstones occur in South Indians despite significant higher levels of circulating cholesterol. This study was conducted to identify the biochemical and/or genetic causes for the formation of pigmentous gallstones in this ethnic group. METHODS Plasma lipid profile, bile cholesterol, acids, and phospholipid levels were estimated in patients with gall stone disease and age, sex matched controls using standard protocols. Twenty-seven SNPs related to cholesterol and bilirubin metabolism pathway genes were genotyped in the study population using the Sequenom platform. An equilibrium phase diagram involving bile salt-phospholipid-cholesterol was generated to relate phenotype with the genotype. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the lipid profiles between the patients (n = 305) and controls (n = 177). Biliary cholesterol, acids, and phospholipids were significantly different between patients and controls. Single locus analysis revealed association of variants in ABCG6, ABCG8, and UGT1A1 genes with the disease; however when correction was applied as multiple testing was done, only one variant (rs6742078) in UGT1A1 gene was found to be associated with gall stone disease. Equilibrium phase diagram suggested that few samples were in the crystal formation zone. The mutant, but not wild type or heterozygous genotype of SNPs (rs6742078 and rs887829) in UGT1A1 gene, was associated with significantly higher levels of bilirubin. CONCLUSIONS Higher incidence of pigment stones in South Indians could be due to raised serum bilirubin levels that may be ascribed to variant in the UGT1A1 gene involved in glucuronidation of free bilirubin.
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Key Words
- ABCG, 8 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 8
- ABCG6, ATP-binding cassette protein subfamily G, member 6
- DNA, deoxyribose nucleic acid
- GSD, gallstone disease
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- OR, odds ratio
- PXR, pregnane C receptor
- SD, standard deviation
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- UGT1A1 gene
- UGT1A1, UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1 (UGT1A1)
- bilirubin
- cholesterol gall stones
- pigmentous gall stones
- polymorphisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnubhotla Venkata Ravikanth
- Asian Healthcare Foundation, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082 Telangana, India
- Address for correspondence: Group Leader Genetics, Asian Healthcare Foundation, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082, Andhra Pradesh, India. Tel.: +91 40 23378888x731; fax: +91 40 223324255.Group Leader Genetics, Asian Healthcare Foundation6-3-661, SomajigudaHyderabadAndhra Pradesh500082India
| | - Guduru Venkat Rao
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082 Telangana, India
| | - Bale Govardhan
- Asian Healthcare Foundation, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082 Telangana, India
| | - Mitnala Sasikala
- Asian Healthcare Foundation, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082 Telangana, India
| | | | | | | | - G. Deepika
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082 Telangana, India
| | - Rebala Pradeep
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082 Telangana, India
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Abdel-Gayoum AA, Al-Hassan AA, Ginawi IA, Alshankyty IM. The ameliorative effects of virgin olive oil and olive leaf extract on amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1327-1333. [PMID: 28962475 PMCID: PMC5598311 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amikacin is an important antibiotic, and its use is limited because of the induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, search for natural and synthetic agents that can moderate amikacin toxicity never stopped. The present study aims to investigate the possible ameliorative effects of virgin olive oil and olive leaf extract against the amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Methods 48 rats were distributed into 6 groups: 1-Animals of control (C) group were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with saline, 2-(AK); injected ip with amikacin {300 mg/kg/day for 12days}, 3-(OO) group: given olive oil {7 ml/kg/day for 16days}, 4-(OOAK) group: given olive oil as in OO and amikacin for 12days, 5-(OL) group: given olive leaf extract {50 mg/kg/day for 16days}, 6-(OLAK) group: given leaf extract as in OL and amikacin for 12days. Animals were fasted and sacrificed. Serum was used for biochemical analysis and kidneys for histopathology. Results Serum urea and creatinine were significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in AK, and significantly dropped in the OOAK and OLAK groups. Serum uric acid was reduced in AK by 45.29%. Kidneys from AK showed necrosis, whereas, those from OOAK and OLAK showed mild histology. The serum triglyceride was decreased by 17.8% in OL, by 37.02% in OOAK and by 31.48% in OLAK. The calculated amikacin effect showed a significant positive correlation with urea (r = 0.521, P = 0.0004), and a negative correlation with uric acid (r = 0.58, P < 0.0001). Conclusion The study confirmed nephrotoxicity of amikacin in rat which was ameliorated by virgin olive oil and by olive leaf extract. Amikacin did not cause dyslipidemia but reduced serum uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelgayoum A. Abdel-Gayoum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Abdelrahman A. Al-Hassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Ginawi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem M. Alshankyty
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Ferrebee CB, Dawson PA. Metabolic effects of intestinal absorption and enterohepatic cycling of bile acids. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:129-34. [PMID: 26579438 PMCID: PMC4629214 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical functions of bile acids include acting as detergents to facilitate the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut. In addition, bile acids also act as signaling molecules to regulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. The signaling potential of bile acids in compartments such as the systemic circulation is regulated in part by an efficient enterohepatic circulation that functions to conserve and channel the pool of bile acids within the intestinal and hepatobiliary compartments. Changes in hepatobiliary and intestinal bile acid transport can alter the composition, size, and distribution of the bile acid pool. These alterations in turn can have significant effects on bile acid signaling and their downstream metabolic targets. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the inter-relationship between the enterohepatic cycling of bile acids and the metabolic consequences of signaling via bile acid-activated receptors, such as farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR) and the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5).
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Key Words
- ACCII, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2
- APO, apolipoproteins
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- Bile acids
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- DIO2, deiodinase 2
- Energy homeostasis
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FGFR4, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4
- FOXO1, forkhead box protein O1
- FXR, farnesoid X-receptor
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GLP-1, glucagon-like polypeptide-1
- HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha
- IBABP, ileal bile acid binding protein
- Intestine
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Lipid metabolism
- Liver
- NTCP, Na+-taurocholate transporting polypeptide
- OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide
- OST, organic solute transporter
- PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c
- T4, thyroid hormone
- TGR5, G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor
- Transporters
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
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Mlakar P, Salobir B, Čobo N, Strašek J, Prezelj M, Debevc A, Jug B, Terčelj M, Šabovič M. The effect of cardioprotective diet rich with natural antioxidants on chronic inflammation and oxidized LDL during cardiac rehabilitation in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2015; 7:40-48. [PMID: 28785643 PMCID: PMC5497189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation, the fundamental pathogenetic process of atherosclerosis, can be modified by pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures as a part of secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of our study was to determine the effect of diet, rich with natural antioxidants, added to physical activity (as a part of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program) on inflammatory markers and ox-LDL, a marker of oxidative stress, closely involved in the process of chronic inflammation. METHODS 41 male patients after AMI undergoing CR were divided into a diet group (supervised cardioprotective diet throughout the CR), and control group (CR without diet). We measured hsCRP, leucocytes, neutrophils, IL-6, oxLDL, exercise capacity and classic risk factors before and after CR program. RESULTS Patients from the diet group presented with a significant decline in classic risk factors (BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, TAG) and inflammatory markers (hsCRP, leucocytes, neutrophils) compared to control group. Furthermore, when studying nonsmokers, we observed significant decline of oxLDL in the diet group. CONCLUSIONS The addition of cardioprotective diet, rich with natural antioxidants, to physical activity as a part of a CR program, positively modifies not just classic risk factors and exercise capacity, but also diminishes chronic inflammation markers. These effects, and oxLDL decline were most prominent in nonsmoking patients.
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Key Words
- AMI, acute myocardial infarction
- Acute myocardial infarction
- BMI, body mass index
- BP, blood pressure
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CR, cardiac rehabilitation
- Cardiac rehabilitation
- Cardioprotective diet
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Inflammation
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Oxidized LDL
- Smoking
- TAG, triglycerides
- hsCRP, high sensitivity CRP
- oxLDL, oxidized LDL
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Mlakar
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Salobir
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Janja Strašek
- Health Resort Šmarješke Toplice, Šmarješke Toplice, Slovenia
| | - Marija Prezelj
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Debevc
- Cardial Medical Centre, Zaloška 69, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Jug
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjeta Terčelj
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hafiane A, Genest J. High density lipoproteins: Measurement techniques and potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. BBA Clin 2015; 3:175-88. [PMID: 26674734 PMCID: PMC4661556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) comprises a heterogeneous family of lipoprotein species, differing in surface charge, size and lipid and protein compositions. While HDL cholesterol (C) mass is a strong, graded and coherent biomarker of cardiovascular risk, genetic and clinical trial data suggest that the simple measurement of HDL-C may not be causal in preventing atherosclerosis nor reflect HDL functionality. Indeed, the measurement of HDL-C may be a biomarker of cardiovascular health. To assess the issue of HDL function as a potential therapeutic target, robust and simple analytical methods are required. The complex pleiotropic effects of HDL make the development of a single measurement challenging. Development of laboratory assays that accurately HDL function must be developed validated and brought to high-throughput for clinical purposes. This review discusses the limitations of current laboratory technologies for methods that separate and quantify HDL and potential application to predict CVD, with an emphasis on emergent approaches as potential biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Key Words
- 2D-PAGGE, two dimensional polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
- ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I
- Apolipoprotein A-I
- Atherosclerosis
- Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cellular cholesterol efflux
- Coronary artery disease
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- High density lipoproteins
- LCAT, lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
- MOP, myeloperoxidase
- MS/MS, tandem-mass spectrometry
- ND-PAGGE, non-denaturant polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PON1, paraoxonase 1
- SELDI, surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization
- TOF, time-of-flight
- UTC, ultracentrifugation
- Vascular endothelial function
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Avenue des Pins West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Avenue des Pins West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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Soto Y, Mesa N, Alfonso Y, Pérez A, Batlle F, Griñán T, Pino A, Viera J, Frómeta M, Brito V, Olivera A, Zayas F, Vázquez AM. Targeting arterial wall sulfated glycosaminoglycans in rabbit atherosclerosis with a mouse/human chimeric antibody. MAbs 2014; 6:1340-6. [PMID: 25517318 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of atherosclerosis is favored by increasing amounts of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the artery wall. We previously reported the reactivity of chP3R99 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with sulfated glycosaminoglycans and its association with the anti-atherogenic properties displayed. Now, we evaluated the accumulation of this mAb in atherosclerotic lesions and its potential use as a probe for specific in vivo detection of the disease. Atherosclerosis was induced in NZW rabbits (n = 14) by the administration of Lipofundin 20% using PBS-receiving animals as control (n = 8). Accumulation of chP3R99 mAb in atherosclerotic lesions was assessed either by immunofluorescence detection of human IgG in fresh-frozen sections of aorta, or by immunoscintigraphy followed by biodistribution of the radiotracer upon administration of (99m)Tc-chP3R99 mAb. Immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of chP3R99 mAb in atherosclerotic lesions 24 h after intravenous administration, whereas planar images showed an evident accumulation of (99m)Tc-chP3R99 mAb in atherosclerotic rabbit carotids. Accordingly, (99m)Tc-chP3R99 mAb uptake by lesioned aortic arch and thoracic segment was increased 5.6-fold over controls and it was 3.9-folds higher in carotids, in agreement with immunoscintigrams. Moreover, the deposition of (99m)Tc-chP3R99 mAb in the artery wall was associated both with the presence and size of the lesions in the different portions of evaluated arteries and was greater than in non-targeted organs. In conclusion, chP3R99 mAb preferentially accumulates in arterial atherosclerotic lesions supporting the potential use of this anti-glycosaminoglycans antibody for diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Key Words
- % ID/g, percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue
- At-R, Atherosclerotic rabbits
- CS, chondroitin sulfate
- CSPG, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans
- DS, dermatan sulfate
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- NZW rabbits, New Zealand White rabbits
- Non At-R, Non atherosclerotic rabbit
- PG, proteoglycans
- atherosclerosis
- glycosaminoglycans
- imaging
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- monoclonal antibodies
- technetium-99m
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosdel Soto
- a Research and Development Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
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Eleazu C, Eleazu K, Chukwuma S, Okoronkwo J, Emelike C. Effect of livingstonepotato ( Plectranthus esculenthus N.E.Br) on hyperglycemia, antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:674-681. [PMID: 28962281 PMCID: PMC5598204 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of livingstone potato (Plectranthus esculenthus N.E.Br) on serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), hepatic malic enzyme (ME), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and catalase activities of Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were investigated using standard techniques. The atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CRI) of the rats were calculated as the ratios of LDL to HDL and total cholesterol to HDL, respectively. The serum glucose of the non-diabetic, diabetic control and diabetic rats given livingstone potato incorporated feeds (test feed) were 92.58 ± 3.97, 352.30 ± 4.88 and 165.50 ± 7.88 mg/dl, respectively. Intake of the test feed by the diabetic rats of group 3, resulted in significant (P < 0.05) decrease of their serum glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, AI and CRI but significant increase (P < 0.05) of hepatic levels of ME, IDH, catalase and serum HDL compared with the diabetic control rats that had significant alteration of these parameters (P < 0.05) compared with the non-diabetic rats. The feed intakes of the non-diabetic, diabetic control and diabetic rats given the test feed were 133.34 ± 1.32, 137.84 ± 5.77 and 146.38 ± 4.33 g/rat/week by the last week of experimentation. The diabetic control rats recorded significant loss of weight (P < 0.05) compared with the non diabetic rats despite increased feed intake. Chemical analysis of the standard and test feeds showed that the standard rat feed contained 15.00 ± 0.78% protein, 7.24 ± 1.20% fat, 31.55 ± 2.62% carbohydrates, energy value of 290.65 ± 4.77 kcal/100 g, 10% crude fiber and 0.12 ± 0.04 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent while the test feed contained 40.10 ± 0.16% carbohydrates, 17.22 ± 0.40% protein, 22.16 ± 0.34% fat, energy value of 428.70 ± 2.12 kcal/100 g, 8.51 ± 0.16% crude fiber, 1.3 ± 0.2 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g of sample and strong antioxidant activity comparable to standard quercetin. The study shows the potentials of livingstone potato in the management of diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
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Key Words
- AI, atherogenic index
- CRI, coronary risk index
- DPPH (PubChem CID-2735032)
- Diabetic complications
- GAE, gallic acid equivalence
- Gallic Acid (PubChem CID-370)
- Glucose (PubChem CID-79025)
- GlyGly (PubChem CID-11161)
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin
- IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase
- Incorporated feeds
- Isocitric acid (PubChem CID-5318532)
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Livingstone potato
- ME, malic enzyme
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced
- NADP (PubChem CID-5886)
- NADP+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidized
- NADPH (PubChem CID-12598259)
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced
- Quercetin (PubChem CID-5280343)
- Rats
- Streptozotocin
- Streptozotocin (PubChem CID-29327)
- Triethanolamine (PubChem CID-7618)
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- C.O. Eleazu
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - K.C. Eleazu
- Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - S.C. Chukwuma
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - J. Okoronkwo
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - C.U. Emelike
- Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
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Dahlhoff C, Worsch S, Sailer M, Hummel BA, Fiamoncini J, Uebel K, Obeid R, Scherling C, Geisel J, Bader BL, Daniel H. Methyl-donor supplementation in obese mice prevents the progression of NAFLD, activates AMPK and decreases acyl-carnitine levels. Mol Metab 2014; 3:565-80. [PMID: 25061561 PMCID: PMC4099513 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from increased hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis, and is closely linked to liver one-carbon (C1) metabolism. We assessed in C57BL6/N mice whether NAFLD induced by a high-fat (HF) diet over 8 weeks can be reversed by additional 4 weeks of a dietary methyl-donor supplementation (MDS). MDS in the obese mice failed to reverse NAFLD, but prevented the progression of hepatic steatosis associated with major changes in key hepatic C1-metabolites, e.g. S-adenosyl-methionine and S-adenosyl-homocysteine. Increased phosphorylation of AMPK-α together with enhanced β-HAD activity suggested an increased flux through fatty acid oxidation pathways. This was supported by concomitantly decreased hepatic free fatty acid and acyl-carnitines levels. Although HF diet changed the hepatic phospholipid pattern, MDS did not. Our findings suggest that dietary methyl-donors activate AMPK, a key enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation control, that mediates increased fatty acid utilization and thereby prevents further hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Key Words
- 3-HB, β-hydroxybutyrate
- ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- AMP-activated protein kinase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ANT, adenine nucleotide translocase
- Acyl-carnitines
- Bhmt, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
- C, control diet
- C1, one-carbon
- CACT, carnitine-acylcarnitine transporter
- CMS, methyl-donor supplemented control diet
- Cbs, cystathionine β-synthase
- Cpt1a, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- Fasn, fatty acid synthase
- GNMT, glycine N-methyltransferase
- Gapdh, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HF, high-fat diet
- HFMS, methyl-donor supplemented high-fat diet
- HMW adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin
- HSP90, heat shock protein 90
- Hcy, homocysteine
- Hepatic steatosis
- Hprt1, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MAT, methionine adenosyltransferase
- MCD, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
- MDS, methyl-donor supplementation
- MTR, methionine synthase
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids
- Obesity
- One-carbon metabolism
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α
- PL, phospholipids
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α
- Pemt, phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SM, sphingomyelin
- SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
- TG, triacylglycerol
- VAT, visceral adipose tissue
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- β-HAD, β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
- β-oxidation
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Dahlhoff
- Biochemistry Unit, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ; PhD Group - Epigenetics, Imprinting and Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Stefanie Worsch
- Nutritional Medicine Unit, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Manuela Sailer
- Biochemistry Unit, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Björn A Hummel
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory, University Hospital of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany ; Clinical Haemostasiology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Biochemistry Unit, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Kirsten Uebel
- Nutritional Medicine Unit, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Rima Obeid
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory, University Hospital of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Scherling
- Biochemistry Unit, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory, University Hospital of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard L Bader
- PhD Group - Epigenetics, Imprinting and Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ; Nutritional Medicine Unit, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Biochemistry Unit, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Strøm TB, Tveten K, Laerdahl JK, Leren TP. Mutation G805R in the transmembrane domain of the LDL receptor gene causes familial hypercholesterolemia by inducing ectodomain cleavage of the LDL receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:321-7. [PMID: 24918045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation G805R is in the transmembrane domain of the LDLR. A polar residue in the transmembrane domain induced metalloproteinase cleavage. Mutation G805R caused reduced amounts of the precursor LDLR. Reduced amounts of precursor LDLR led to reduced amounts of the mature LDLR. Mutation G805R prevented γ-secretase cleavage within the transmembrane domain.
More than 1700 mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene have been found to cause familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). These are commonly divided into five classes based upon their effects on the structure and function of the LDLR. However, little is known about the mechanism by which mutations in the transmembrane domain of the LDLR gene cause FH. We have studied how the transmembrane mutation G805R affects the function of the LDLR. Based upon Western blot analyses of transfected HepG2 cells, mutation G805R reduced the amounts of the 120 kDa precursor LDLR in the endoplasmic reticulum. This led to reduced amounts of the mature 160 kDa LDLR at the cell surface. However, significant amounts of a secreted 140 kDa G805R-LDLR ectodomain fragment was observed in the culture media. Treatment of the cells with the metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat largely restored the amounts of the 120 and 160 kDa forms in cell lysates, and prevented secretion of the 140 kDa ectodomain fragment. Together, these data indicate that a metalloproteinase cleaved the ectodomain of the 120 kDa precursor G805R-LDLR in the endoplasmic reticulum. It was the presence of the polar Arg805 and not the lack of Gly805 which led to ectodomain cleavage. Arg805 also prevented γ-secretase cleavage within the transmembrane domain. It is conceivable that introducing a charged residue within the hydrophobic membrane lipid bilayer, results in less efficient incorporation of the 120 kDa G805R-LDLR in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and makes it a substrate for metalloproteinase cleavage.
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Sozen E, Karademir B, Yazgan B, Bozaykut P, Ozer NK. Potential role of proteasome on c-jun related signaling in hypercholesterolemia induced atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2014; 2:732-8. [PMID: 25009774 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are major causes of death all over the world. One of the major risks of atherosclerosis is hypercholesterolemia. During atherosclerosis, oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) regulates CD36-mediated activation of c-jun amino terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) and modulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) induction which stimulates inflammation with an invasion of monocytes. Additionally, inhibition of proteasome leads to an accumulation of c-jun and phosphorylated c-jun and activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) related increase of MMP expression. We have previously reported a significant increase in cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mRNA levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and shown that vitamin E treatment prevented the cholesterol induced increase in CD36 mRNA expression. In the present study, our aim is to identify the signaling molecules/transcription factors involved in the progression of atherosclerosis following CD36 activation in an in vivo model of hypercholesterolemic (induced by 2% cholesterol containing diet) rabbits. In this direction, proteasomal activities by fluorometry and c-jun, phospo c-jun, JNK1, MMP-9 expressions by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting were tested in aortic tissues. The effects of vitamin E on these changes were also investigated in this model. As a result, c-jun was phosphorylated following decreased proteasomal degradation in hypercholesterolemic group. MMP-9 expression was also increased in cholesterol group rabbits contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, vitamin E showed its effect by decreasing MMP-9 levels and phosphorylation of c-jun.
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Key Words
- AP-1
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- Atherosclerosis
- CD36, cluster of differentiation 36
- ERAD, endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Hypercholesterolemia
- JNK, c-Jun amino terminal kinase
- JNK1
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP, matrix metallo proteinase
- Proteasome
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TNF a, tumor necrosis factor a
- UPS, ubiquitin-proteasome system
- Vitamin E
- oxLDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein
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Ott C, Jacobs K, Haucke E, Navarrete Santos A, Grune T, Simm A. Role of advanced glycation end products in cellular signaling. Redox Biol 2014; 2:411-29. [PMID: 24624331 PMCID: PMC3949097 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in health care and lifestyle have led to an elevated lifespan and increased focus on age-associated diseases, such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, frailty and arteriosclerosis. In all these chronic diseases protein, lipid or nucleic acid modifications are involved, including cross-linked and non-degradable aggregates, such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Formation of endogenous or uptake of dietary AGEs can lead to further protein modifications and activation of several inflammatory signaling pathways. This review will give an overview of the most prominent AGE-mediated signaling cascades, AGE receptor interactions, prevention of AGE formation and the impact of AGEs during pathophysiological processes.
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Key Words
- ADAMST, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif
- AGE, advanced glycation end products
- AGE-receptors
- Advanced glycation end products
- Age-associated diseases
- Aggregates
- Aging
- E, from embryonic day
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular-signal regulated kinase
- F3NK, fructosamine 3-phosphokinase
- FKHRL1, forkhead transcription factor
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HMGB1, high-mobility-group-protein B1
- HNE, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal
- Jak1/2, Janus kinase 1/2
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MEKK, mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase kinases
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- NF-κB
- Nf-κB, nuclear factor-light-chain-enhancer of activated B
- Oxidative stress
- PIK3, phosphoinositol 3 kinase
- RAGE
- RAGE, receptor of AGEs
- RCC, reactive carbonyl compounds
- Reactive carbonyl compounds
- S100B, S100 calcium binding protein B
- SIRt1, NAD+-dependent deacetylase and survival factor 1
- SR-A, scavenger receptor class A
- Signaling
- Stat 1/2, signal transducers and activators of transcription 1/2
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Ott
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kathleen Jacobs
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elisa Haucke
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Navarrete Santos
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Simm
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Kaur R, Matharoo K, Sharma R, Bhanwer AJS. C-reactive protein + 1059 G>C polymorphism in type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease patients. Meta Gene 2013; 1:82-92. [PMID: 25606378 PMCID: PMC4205026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant involved in chronic and acute inflammation. CRP is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, atherosclerosis, unstable angina, insulin resistance and diabetes. The present study evaluates the association of + 1059 G>C silent polymorphism in exon 2 of CRP gene in 581 cases [CAD (206), T2D (266), T2D with CAD (109)] and 235 controls in the population of Punjab (North-West India). The frequency of + 1059 G allele is highest in CAD (98.3%) followed by T2D (98.1%), T2D + CAD cases (97.7%) and controls (94.7%). G-allele is associated with increased risk of T2D [P = 0.003, OR = 2.93 (1.39–6.17)] and CAD [P = 0.004, OR = 3.25 (1.39–7.60)] in comparison to controls. Recessive model shows that GG genotype increases the risk of CAD by 4 fold (P = 0.003, OR = 4.19, 1.62–10.80), T2D by 3 fold (P = 0.008, OR = 3.23, 1.36–7.60) and T2D + CAD by 3.5 fold (P = 0.029, OR = 3.64, 1.14–11.66). Factor analyses show that BMI, WC, and WHR are core predictors for CAD and T2D, whereas CHO, TG and VLDL for T2D + CAD. The present study concludes that GG genotype of CRP + 1059 G>C polymorphism and clustering of obesity and dyslipidemia underlie the risk towards CAD, T2D and T2D + CAD in the North-West Indian population of Punjab. CRP + 1059 G>C SNP analyzed in 266 T2D, 109 T2D with CAD, 206 CAD, and 235 controls GG genotype increases the risk towards T2D, CAD, and T2D + CAD in population of Punjab. GC genotype provides protection towards T2D, CAD, and T2D + CAD in population of Punjab. Clustering of obesity and dyslipidemia underlies the risk towards T2D, CAD, and T2D + CAD.
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Key Words
- ADA, American Diabetes Association
- ARMS-PCR, amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction
- Association study
- BMI, body mass index
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CHO, total cholesterol
- CI, confidence interval
- CRP
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- Correlation
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- Dyslipidemia
- HC, hip circumference
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HWE, Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
- IL-1, interleukin-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- OR, odds ratio
- PCFA
- PCFA, principal component factor analysis
- Punjab
- RBS, random blood sugar
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SD, standard deviation
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Science
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TG, triglyceride
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- WASP, web-based allele specific primer
- WC, waist circumference
- WHR, waist–hip ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Kawaljit Matharoo
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Rubina Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - A J S Bhanwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Satapathy SK, Kim YJ, Kataria A, Shifteh A, Bhansali R, Cerulli MA, Bernstein D. Higher Prevalence and More Severe Coronary Artery Disease in Hepatitis C Virus-infected Patients: A Case Control Study. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2013; 3:186-91. [PMID: 25755499 PMCID: PMC3940268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association of Coronary artery disease (CAD) with hepatitis C (HCV) has been suggested, but definitive data are still lacking. AIM Our study sought to estimate the prevalence and severity of CAD in HCV patients compared to with age-, sex-, and race-matched controls without HCV infection. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 63 HCV-infected patients were compared with 63 age, race, and sex-matched controls without HCV infection undergoing coronary angiography for evaluation of CAD. CAD was defined as more than a 50% blockage in any of the proximal coronary arteries on angiogram. The severity of the stenosis was defined by the modified Reardon severity scoring system: <50% stenosis of the luminal diameter, 1 point; 50-74%, 2 points; 75-99%, 3 points; 100% or total obstruction, 4 points. The points for each lesion in the proximal coronary circulation were summed to give the score for severity. RESULTS A significantly higher prevalence of CAD was noted in the HCV population (69.8% vs. 47.6%, = 0.01). The combined Reardon's severity score in the HCV group was significantly higher compared to the controls (6.26 ± 5.39 vs. 2.6 ± 3.03, P < 0.0005). Additionally, significant multivessel CAD (>50% stenosis and ≥2 vessels involved) was also noted significantly more commonly in the HCV group compared to controls (57.1% vs. 15.9%, P < 0.0005). CONCLUSION In this retrospective study the prevalence and severity of CAD was higher in HCV patients who were evaluated for CAD by angiogram compared with matched non-HCV patients. HCV-positive status is potentially a risk factor for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Division of Gastroenterology, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 225 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, USA,Address for correspondence. Sanjaya K. Satapathy, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Methodist Transplant Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 1211 Union Avenue, Suite 340, Memphis, TN 38104, USA. Tel.: +1 901 516 9179; fax: +1 901 516 2036.
| | - Yun Ju Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Ashish Kataria
- Department of Internal Medicine, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Arash Shifteh
- Department of Internal Medicine, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Rohan Bhansali
- Department of Cardiology, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Maurice A. Cerulli
- Division of Gastroenterology, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 225 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - David Bernstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, NSLIJ Hofstra School of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 225 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Kumar A, Sharma A, Duseja A, Das A, Dhiman RK, Chawla YK, Kohli KK, Bhansali A. Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) have Higher Oxidative Stress in Comparison to Chronic Viral Hepatitis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2013; 3:12-8. [PMID: 25755466 PMCID: PMC3940559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress and cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We compared the presence of oxidative stress and cytokines in 25 patients with NAFLD with 25 age, sex and BMI-matched patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) and 25 healthy volunteers (HV). METHODOLOGY Oxidative stress was studied biochemically by markers of lipid peroxidation and biochemical assessment of anti-oxidant status and various cytokines were studied by ELISA. RESULTS Patients with NAFLD had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.000) and conjugated dienes (CD) (p = 0.000) in comparison to HVs. Patients with NAFLD also had significantly higher MDA levels (p = 0.000) in comparison to CVH patients. Patients with NAFLD had significantly lower GSH levels (p = 0.004) in comparison to HVs. Patients with NAFLD had higher GPx activity (p = 0.028) in comparison to HVs. Catalase activity was significantly decreased in both NAFLD (p = 0.001) and CVH patients (p = 0.000) in comparison to HVs. Patients with NAFLD had significantly higher SOD activity (p = 0.000) in comparison to CVH patients. There was no difference in serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α amongst three groups. Patients with CVH were found to have higher IL-8 serum levels (p = 0.039) in comparison to HVs. CVH patients also had higher TGF-β levels (p = 0.002) in comparison to both NAFLD patients and HVs. CONCLUSION Differences in the markers of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status between NAFLD, CVH and healthy volunteers suggest presence of higher oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AMA, antimitochondrial antibody
- ANA, anti nuclear anti bodies
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- ASMA, anti smooth muscle antibody
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- BMI, body mass index
- CD, conjugated dienes
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B
- CHC, chronic hepatitis C
- CI, confidence intervals
- CVH, chronic viral hepatitis
- EDTA, ethylene diammine tetraacetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione reduced
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of insulin resistance
- HV, healthy volunteers
- ICMR, Indian Council of Medical Research
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- KF rings, Kayser–Fleischer rings
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MS, metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- RBC, red blood corpuscles (or cells)
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TG, triglycerides
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- ULN, upper limit of normal
- WBC, white blood corpuscles (or cells)
- WHR, waist hip ratio
- anti LKM, anti liver kidney microsomal antibody
- cytokines
- hepatitis B virus
- hepatitis C virus
- nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
- oxidative stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India,Address for correspondence: Ajay Duseja, Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India. Tel.: +91 172 2756336; fax: 91 172 2744401.
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Radha K. Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Yogesh K. Chawla
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Krishan K. Kohli
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Lopez D, Brooks PA, Boone LR, Ness GC. Using in vivo electroporation to identify hepatic LDL receptor promoter elements and transcription factors mediating activation of transcription by T 3. Appl Transl Genom 2012; 1:30-36. [PMID: 27896050 PMCID: PMC5121208 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The technique of in vivo electroporation was adapted to investigate the promoter elements and transcription factors mediating the rapid induction of hepatic LDL receptor expression in response to thyroid hormone. Direct comparisons between wild type and mutant promoter constructs were made within the same animal. It was demonstrated that both TREs at bp − 612 and − 156 were required for the l-triiodothyronine (T3) response. ChIP analysis showed that binding of TRβ1 to the − 612 and − 156 TREs was markedly stimulated by T3in vivo. Introduction of siRNAs against TRβ1/RXRα with LDL receptor promoter-luciferase construct by in vivo electroporation demonstrated that these transcription factors play the major physiological role in the activation of hepatic LDL receptor transcription. The findings agree with those made by transfecting H4IIE cells in vitro thus validating this technique for in vivo studies of mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. The findings reported herein also indicated, for the first time, that PPARα and USF-2 were required for maximum transcriptional activation of the LDL receptor in response to T3 treatment.
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Key Words
- CPT-I, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DbMt, double mutant
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assays
- HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
- Hx, hypophysectomized
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- LDL receptor
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDLR, LDL receptor
- NR, normal
- NcoR2, nuclear receptor co-repressor 2
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PPARα, peroxisomal proliferator receptor α
- Peroxisomal proliferator receptor α
- Pol II, polymerase II
- RA, 9-cis retinoic acid
- ROI, region of interest
- RXRα, retinoic acid X receptor α
- Retinoic acid X receptor α
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SMRTe, silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors-extended
- SREBP, sterol response element binding protein
- T3, l-triiodothyronine
- THDS, thyroid hormone depleted serum
- TRAC-1, T3 receptor-associating cofactor 1
- TRAP, thyroid hormone receptor- associated protein
- TREs, thyroid response elements
- TRβ1, thyroid receptor β1
- Thyroid hormone receptor β1
- Thyroid response element
- USF-2, upstream factor-2
- Upstream factor-2
- WT, wild-type
- fT3, free T3
- in vivo electroporation
- l-triiodothyronine
- siRNA, silencing RNA
- − 156Mt, − 156 mutant
- − 612Mt, − 612 mutant
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayami Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Patricia A Brooks
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lindsey R Boone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gene C Ness
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation (HTx) has been developed for use in liver-based metabolic disorders and in acute liver failure. Worldwide, there are around 80 patients that have been transplanted with hepatocytes. Almost all reported studies prove feasibility and safety of the procedure with short- to medium-term success. Availability of good quality hepatocytes (HCs) is the main limiting factor, and therefore alternative sources of cells such as stem cells are being investigated. Other limiting factors include cell engraftment, survival, and function of transplanted cells. It remains to be seen if progress in HTx research can overcome these hurdles leading to the wider use of the technique as an alternative to liver transplantation in the future.
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Key Words
- ALF, acute liver failure
- Acute liver failure
- ApoB, apolipoprotein B
- EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid
- FVII, factor VII deficiency
- GMP, good manufacturing practice
- HAS, human serum albumin
- HC, hepatocytes
- HTx, hepatocyte transplantation
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LTx, liver transplantation
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- OTC, ornithine transcarbamylase
- hepatocyte transplantation
- liver disease
- stem cell transplantation
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