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Na J, Yang Z, Shi Q, Li C, Liu Y, Song Y, Li X, Zheng L, Fan Y. Extracellular matrix stiffness as an energy metabolism regulator drives osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:549-563. [PMID: 38434800 PMCID: PMC10909577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The biophysical factors of biomaterials such as their stiffness regulate stem cell differentiation. Energy metabolism has been revealed an essential role in stem cell lineage commitment. However, whether and how extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates energy metabolism to determine stem cell differentiation is less known. Here, the study reveals that stiff ECM promotes glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and enhances antioxidant defense system during osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. Stiff ECM increases mitochondrial fusion by enhancing mitofusin 1 and 2 expression and inhibiting the dynamin-related protein 1 activity, which contributes to osteogenesis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) impacts glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial biosynthesis to regulate stiffness-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, glycolysis in turn regulates YAP activity through the cytoskeletal tension-mediated deformation of nuclei. Overall, our findings suggest that YAP is an important mechanotransducer to integrate ECM mechanical cues and energy metabolic signaling to affect the fate of MSCs. This offers valuable guidance to improve the scaffold design for bone tissue engineering constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Na
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiusheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lisha Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Gencoglu H, Orhan C, Sahin K. Understanding Cr(III) Action on Mitochondrial ATP Synthase and AMPK Efficacy: Insights from Previous Studies-a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1325-1334. [PMID: 38105318 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromium supplementation has been notably recognized for its potential health benefits, especially in enhancing insulin sensitivity and managing glucose metabolism. However, recent studies have begun to shed light on additional mechanisms of action for chromium, expanding our understanding beyond its classical effects on the insulin-signaling pathway. The beta subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase is considered a novel site for Cr(III) action, influencing physiological effects apart from insulin signaling. The physiological effects of chromium supplementation have been extensively studied, particularly in its role in anti-oxidative efficacy and glucose metabolism. However, recent advancements have prompted a re-evaluation of chromium's mechanisms of action beyond the insulin signaling pathway. The discovery of the beta subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase as a potential target for chromium action is discussed, emphasizing its crucial role in cellular energy production and metabolic regulation. A meticulous analysis of relevant studies that were earlier carried out could shed light on the relationship between chromium supplementation and mitochondrial ATP synthase. This review categorizes studies based on their primary investigations, encompassing areas such as muscle protein synthesis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and antioxidant properties. Findings from these studies are scrutinized to distinguish patterns aligning with the new hypothesis. Central to this exploration is the presentation of studies highlighting the physiological effects of chromium that extend beyond the insulin signaling pathway. Evaluating the various independent mechanisms of action that chromium impacts cellular energy metabolism and overall metabolic balance has become more important. In conclusion, this review is a paradigm shift in understanding chromium supplementation, paving the way for future investigations that leverage the intricate interplay between chromium and mitochondrial ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Gencoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey.
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Li HL, Go S, Chang JC, Verhoeven A, Elferink RO. Soluble adenylyl cyclase, the cell-autonomous member of the family. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166936. [PMID: 37951509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is the evolutionarily most ancient of a set of 10 adenylyl cyclases (Adcys). While Adcy1 to Adcy9 are cAMP-producing enzymes that are activated by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), Adcy10 (sAC) is an intracellular adenylyl cyclase. sAC plays a pivotal role in numerous cellular processes, ranging from basic physiological functions to complex signaling cascades. As a distinct member of the adenylyl cyclase family, sAC is not activated by GPCRs and stands apart due to its unique characteristics, regulation, and localization within cells. This minireview aims to honour Ulli Brandt, the outgoing Executive Editor of our journal, Biochimica Biophysica Acta (BBA), and longstanding Executive Editor of the BBA section Bioenergetics. We will therefore focus this review on bioenergetic aspects of sAC and, in addition, review some important recent general developments in the field of research on sAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lam Li
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Research Institute AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Simei Go
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Research Institute AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Research Institute AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur Verhoeven
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Research Institute AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Research Institute AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands.
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Dong F, Sun YL, Qian YX, Chen Q, He JL, Wang JT, Han T, Zhang XM, Deng YT. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the regulatory mechanism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in response to Nocardia seriolae infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109322. [PMID: 38128679 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Nocardia seriolae is a severe bacterial pathogen that has seriously affected the development of aquaculture industry. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a commercially significant freshwater fish that suffers a variety of environmental threats, including bacterial pathogens. However, the immune responses and metabolic alterations of largemouth bass to N. seriolae infection remain largely unclear. We discovered that N. seriolae caused pathological alterations in largemouth bass and shifted the transcript of immune-related and apoptotic genes in head kidney after infection. To answer the aforementioned question, a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis was employed to explore the alterations in genes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways in largemouth bass following bacterial infection. A total of 3579 genes and 1929 metabolites are significant differentially changed in the head kidney post infection. In response to N. seriolae infection, host modifies the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TCA cycle, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism. The integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome suggested that with the arginine metabolism pathway as the core, multiple biomarkers (arg gene, arginine) are involved in the antibacterial and immune functions of largemouth bass. Thus, we hypothesized that arginine plays a crucial role in the immune responses of largemouth bass against N. seriolae infection, and increasing arginine levels suitably is beneficial for the host against bacterial infection. Our results shed light on the regulatory mechanism of largemouth bass resistance to N. seriolae infection and contributed to the development of more effective N. seriolae resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Dong
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yu-Long Sun
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Qian
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jia-Le He
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Ji-Teng Wang
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Zhang
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yu-Ting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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Gao R, Jiang Z, Wu X, Cai Z, Sang N. Metabolic regulation of tumor cells exposed to different oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167833. [PMID: 37839476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) are a class of polycyclic aromatic derivatives with oxygen-containing functional groups that induce oxidative stress and mutations. However, studies of the carcinogenic and metabolic effects of OPAHs are limited. In this study, we analyzed the carcinogenic effects of four different OPAHs and found that 9-fluorenone (FLO), 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ), and 7,12-benz(a)anthraquinone (BAQ) promoted cell invasion and metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induced endothelial cell angiogenesis by affecting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (ANG), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), whereas 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NAD) did not show significant carcinogenic effects. In addition, combined with metabolomic analysis, we found that the tumor-promoting effects of different OPAHs were related to their effects on the metabolome, especially the metabolism of glutathione related to oxidative stress. These results provide an experimental basis for studying the carcinogenic and metabolic effects of OPAHs, and an important reference for comprehensively assessing the ecological and health risks of this compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, PR China; College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Zihao Jiang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Wu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Zhihong Cai
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Zhu Z, Xu Y, Xia Y, Jia X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Chai H, Sun L. Review on chronic metabolic diseases surrounding bile acids and gut microbiota: What we have explored so far. Life Sci 2024; 336:122304. [PMID: 38016578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid, the final product of cholesterol breakdown, functions as a complex regulator and signaling factor in human metabolism. Chronic metabolic diseases pose significant medical challenges. Growing research underscores bile acids' capacity to enhance metabolism via diverse pathways, regulating disorders and offering treatment potential. Numerous bile-acid-triggered pathways have become treatment targets. This review outlines bile acid synthesis, its role as a signal in chronic metabolic diseases, and highlights its interaction with gut microbiota in different metabolic conditions. Exploring host-bacteria-bile acid links emerges as a valuable future research direction with clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzheng Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuemiao Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Xia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Tang H, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang A, Yang R, Han Y, Liu P, He HB, Li Z. Regulation methods and enhanced mechanism on the efficient degradation of aromatics in biochemical treatment system of coal chemical wastewater. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119358. [PMID: 37890402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to address the problems of poor treatment effect of coal chemical wastewater (CCW) biochemical treatment system resulting in non-compliance with effluent standards and unstable operation, a combination regulation method of co-substrate metabolism and predominant flora enhancement was constructed, and the performance and mechanism of enhanced degradation of aromatics in CCW was also investigated in this study. The results showed that when the influent concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and aromatics was less than 600 mg/L and 180 mg/L respectively, there was no significant effect of the combined regulation method on the enhanced treatment of aromatics, the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) in the system could all more than 73%; while when the influent concentration of COD increased to 800 mg/L and the aromatics concentration increased to more than 240 mg/L, the ordinary activated sludge system had collapsed. Compared with the regulation method of co-substrate metabolism alone, the combination regulation method increased the removal rate of TOC by 21%. The analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity showed that under the combination regulation method, the antioxidant enzyme activity of microorganisms was higher and their resistance to adverse environments was stronger. EPS and dehydrogenase analysis indicated that the combination regulation method was more conducive to microbial degradation of aromatics. Meanwhile, the analysis of microbial community structure showed that the aromatics degradation bacteria genera Rhodococcus, Luteococcus, etc. were enriched under the combination regulation method. The study provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for solving the problems of unstable operation of CCW biochemical treatment systems and non-compliance with effluent standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xingshe Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Aining Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Rushuo Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yulu Han
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Hao Bo He
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
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Jia Y, Zou K, Zou L. Research progress of metabolomics in cervical cancer. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:586. [PMID: 38093395 PMCID: PMC10717910 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer threatens women's health seriously. In recent years, the incidence of cervical cancer is on the rise, and the age of onset tends to be younger. Prevention, early diagnosis and specific treatment have become the main means to change the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Metabolomics research can directly reflect the changes of biochemical processes and microenvironment in the body, which can provide a comprehensive understanding of the changes of metabolites in the process of disease occurrence and development, and provide new ways for the prevention and diagnosis of diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to review the metabolic changes in cervical cancer and the application of metabolomics in the diagnosis and treatment. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published up to 2022. RESULTS With the emergence of metabolomics, metabolic regulation and cancer research are further becoming a focus of attention. By directly reflecting the changes in the microenvironment of the body, metabolomics research can provide a comprehensive understanding of the patterns of metabolites in the occurrence and development of diseases, thus providing new ideas for disease prevention and diagnosis. CONCLUSION With the continuous, in-depth research on metabolomics research technology, it will bring more benefits in the screening, diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer with its advantages of holistic and dynamic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
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Lv X, Li Y, Xiu X, Liao C, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Liu L. CRISPR genetic toolkits of classical food microorganisms: Current state and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108261. [PMID: 37741424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Production of food-related products using microorganisms in an environmentally friendly manner is a crucial solution to global food safety and environmental pollution issues. Traditional microbial modification methods rely on artificial selection or natural mutations, which require time for repeated screening and reproduction, leading to unstable results. Therefore, it is imperative to develop rapid, efficient, and precise microbial modification technologies. This review summarizes recent advances in the construction of gene editing and metabolic regulation toolkits based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) systems and their applications in reconstructing food microorganism metabolic networks. The development and application of gene editing toolkits from single-site gene editing to multi-site and genome-scale gene editing was also introduced. Moreover, it presented a detailed introduction to CRISPR interference, CRISPR activation, and logic circuit toolkits for metabolic network regulation. Moreover, the current challenges and future prospects for developing CRISPR genetic toolkits were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiang Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yameng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Li X, Gluth A, Feng S, Qian WJ, Yang B. Harnessing redox proteomics to study metabolic regulation and stress response in lignin-fed Rhodococci. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2023; 16:180. [PMID: 37986172 PMCID: PMC10662689 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodococci are studied for their bacterial ligninolytic capabilities and proclivity to accumulate lipids. Lignin utilization is a resource intensive process requiring a variety of redox active enzymes and cofactors for degradation as well as defense against the resulting toxic byproducts and oxidative conditions. Studying enzyme expression and regulation between carbon sources will help decode the metabolic rewiring that stymies lignin to lipid conversion in these bacteria. Herein, a redox proteomics approach was applied to investigate a fundamental driver of carbon catabolism and lipid anabolism: redox balance. RESULTS A consortium of Rhodococcus strains was employed in this study given its higher capacity for lignin degradation compared to monocultures. This consortium was grown on glucose vs. lignin under nitrogen limitation to study the importance of redox balance as it relates to nutrient availability. A modified bottom-up proteomics workflow was harnessed to acquire a general relationship between protein abundance and protein redox states. Global proteomics results affirm differential expression of enzymes involved in sugar metabolism vs. those involved in lignin degradation and aromatics metabolism. As reported previously, several enzymes in the lipid biosynthetic pathways were downregulated, whereas many involved in β-oxidation were upregulated. Interestingly, proteins involved in oxidative stress response were also upregulated perhaps in response to lignin degradation and aromatics catabolism, which require oxygen and reactive oxygen species and generate toxic byproducts. Enzymes displaying little-to-no change in abundance but differences in redox state were observed in various pathways for carbon utilization (e.g., β‑ketoadipate pathway), lipid metabolism, as well as nitrogen metabolism (e.g., purine scavenging/synthesis), suggesting potential mechanisms of redox-dependent regulation of metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Efficient lipid production requires a steady carbon and energy flux while balancing fundamental requirements for enzyme production and cell maintenance. For lignin, we theorize that this balance is difficult to establish due to resource expenditure for enzyme production and stress response. This is supported by significant changes to protein abundances and protein cysteine oxidation in various metabolic pathways and redox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Austin Gluth
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Song Feng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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Li D, Armand LC, Sun F, Hwang H, Wolfson D, Rampoldi A, Liu R, Forghani P, Hu X, Yu WM, Qu CK, Jones DP, Wu R, Cho HC, Maxwell JT, Xu C. AMPK activator-treated human cardiac spheres enhance maturation and enable pathological modeling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:322. [PMID: 37941041 PMCID: PMC10633979 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac pathological outcome of metabolic remodeling is difficult to model using cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) due to low metabolic maturation. METHODS hiPSC-CM spheres were treated with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators and examined for hiPSC-CM maturation features, molecular changes and the response to pathological stimuli. RESULTS Treatment of hiPSC-CMs with AMPK activators increased ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential and content, mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial function and fatty acid uptake, indicating increased metabolic maturation. Conversely, the knockdown of AMPK inhibited mitochondrial maturation of hiPSC-CMs. In addition, AMPK activator-treated hiPSC-CMs had improved structural development and functional features-including enhanced Ca2+ transient kinetics and increased contraction. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiling identified differential levels of expression of genes, proteins and metabolites associated with a molecular signature of mature cardiomyocytes in AMPK activator-treated hiPSC-CMs. In response to pathological stimuli, AMPK activator-treated hiPSC-CMs had increased glycolysis, and other pathological outcomes compared to untreated cells. CONCLUSION AMPK activator-treated cardiac spheres could serve as a valuable model to gain novel insights into cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lawrence C Armand
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Wolfson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonio Rampoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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Kerkaert JD, Huberman LB. Regulation of nutrient utilization in filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5873-5898. [PMID: 37540250 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Organisms must accurately sense and respond to nutrients to survive. In filamentous fungi, accurate nutrient sensing is important in the establishment of fungal colonies and in continued, rapid growth for the exploitation of environmental resources. To ensure efficient nutrient utilization, fungi have evolved a combination of activating and repressing genetic networks to tightly regulate metabolic pathways and distinguish between preferred nutrients, which require minimal energy and resources to utilize, and nonpreferred nutrients, which have more energy-intensive catabolic requirements. Genes necessary for the utilization of nonpreferred carbon sources are activated by transcription factors that respond to the presence of the specific nutrient and repressed by transcription factors that respond to the presence of preferred carbohydrates. Utilization of nonpreferred nitrogen sources generally requires two transcription factors. Pathway-specific transcription factors respond to the presence of a specific nonpreferred nitrogen source, while another transcription factor activates genes in the absence of preferred nitrogen sources. In this review, we discuss the roles of transcription factors and upstream regulatory genes that respond to preferred and nonpreferred carbon and nitrogen sources and their roles in regulating carbon and nitrogen catabolism. KEY POINTS: • Interplay of activating and repressing transcriptional networks regulates catabolism. • Nutrient-specific activating transcriptional pathways provide metabolic specificity. • Repressing regulatory systems differentiate nutrients in mixed nutrient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Kerkaert
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lori B Huberman
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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13
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Lima VF, Freire FBS, Cândido-Sobrinho SA, Porto NP, Medeiros DB, Erban A, Kopka J, Schwarzländer M, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. Unveiling the dark side of guard cell metabolism. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107862. [PMID: 37413941 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that guard cells have higher rate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc)-mediated dark CO2 assimilation than mesophyll cells. However, it is unknown which metabolic pathways are activated following dark CO2 assimilation in guard cells. Furthermore, it remains unclear how the metabolic fluxes throughout the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and associated pathways are regulated in illuminated guard cells. Here we carried out a13C-HCO3 labelling experiment in tobacco guard cells harvested under continuous dark or during the dark-to-light transition to elucidate principles of metabolic dynamics downstream of CO2 assimilation. Most metabolic changes were similar between dark-exposed and illuminated guard cells. However, illumination altered the metabolic network structure of guard cells and increased the 13C-enrichment in sugars and metabolites associated to the TCA cycle. Sucrose was labelled in the dark, but light exposure increased the 13C-labelling and leads to more drastic reductions in the content of this metabolite. Fumarate was strongly labelled under both dark and light conditions, while illumination increased the 13C-enrichment in pyruvate, succinate and glutamate. Only one 13C was incorporated into malate and citrate in either dark or light conditions. Our results indicate that several metabolic pathways are redirected following PEPc-mediated CO2 assimilation in the dark, including gluconeogenesis and the TCA cycle. We further showed that the PEPc-mediated CO2 assimilation provides carbons for gluconeogenesis, the TCA cycle and glutamate synthesis and that previously stored malate and citrate are used to underpin the specific metabolic requirements of illuminated guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria F Lima
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bruno S Freire
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvio A Cândido-Sobrinho
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nicole P Porto
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Liu Y, An L, Yang C, Wang X, Huang R, Zhang X. Ginsenoside Rg1 improves anti-tumor efficacy of adoptive cell therapy by enhancing T cell effector functions. Blood Sci 2023; 5:170-179. [PMID: 37546705 PMCID: PMC10400057 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has emerged with remarkable efficacies for tumor immunotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, as one of most promising ACTs, has achieved prominent effects in treating malignant hematological tumors. However, the insufficient killing activity and limited persistence of T cells in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limit the further application of ACTs for cancer patients. Many studies have focused on improving cytotoxicity and persistence of T cells to achieve improved therapeutic effects. In this study, we explored the potential function in ACT of ginsenoside Rg1, the main pharmacologically active component of ginseng. We introduced Rg1 during the in vitro activation and expansion phase of T cells, and found that Rg1 treatment upregulated two T cell activation markers, CD69 and CD25, while promoting T cell differentiation towards a mature state. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Rg1 influenced T cell metabolic reprogramming by strengthening mitochondrial biosynthesis. When co-cultured with tumor cells, Rg1-treated T cells showed stronger cytotoxicity than untreated cells. Moreover, adding Rg1 to the culture endowed CAR-T cells with enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. This study suggests that ginsenoside Rg1 provides a potential approach for improving the anti-tumor efficacy of ACT by enhancing T cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lingna An
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chengfei Yang
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ruihao Huang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329 China
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15
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Liu T, Sun L, Zhang C, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Combinatorial metabolic engineering and process optimization enables highly efficient production of L-lactic acid by acid-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresour Technol 2023; 379:129023. [PMID: 37028528 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
L-lactic acid (L-LA) is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In recent years, the production of L-LA using microbial fermentation has been favored. Herein, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae TAM strain tolerant to pH 2.4, was used as the starting strain. Exogenous L-lactate dehydrogenase expressing S. cerevisiae TAM strain with downregulated glycerol and ethanol synthesis pathways produced an L-LA titer of 29.8 g/L, and it increased to 50.5 g/L after carboxylic acid transport pathway modulation at the shake-flask level. Subsequently, increased energy supply and redox balancing increased the L-LA titer to 72.7 g/L in shake-flask fermentation without a neutralizer, with the yield of 0.66 g/g. Finally, optimization of the fermentation conditions, such as the seed quantity, oxygen level, and pH in a 15-L bioreactor, increased the L-LA titer to 192.3 g/L at pH 4.5, with a yield of 0.78 g/g. Overall, this study proposes an efficient L-LA bioproduction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Guoxin Union Energy Co., Ltd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Lu J, Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu Y, Yao B, Wang X. CYP2J deficiency leads to cardiac injury and presents dual regulatory effects on cardiac function in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 473:116610. [PMID: 37385478 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2 J2 (CYP2J2) enzyme is widely expressed in aortic endothelial cells and cardiac myocytes and affects cardiac function, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Based on CYP2J knockout (KO) rats, we have directly studied the metabolic regulation of CYP2J on cardiac function during aging. The results showed that CYP2J deficiency significantly reduced the content of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in plasma, aggravated myocarditis, myocardial hypertrophy, as well as fibrosis, and inhibited the mitochondrial energy metabolism signal network Pgc-1α/Ampk/Sirt1. With the increase of age, the levels of 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET in plasma of KO rats decreased significantly, and the heart injury was more serious. Interestingly, we found that after CYP2J deletion, the heart initiated a self-protection mechanism by upregulating cardiac mechanism factors Myh7, Dsp, Tnni3, Tnni2, and Scn5a, as well as mitochondrial fusion factors Mfn2 and Opa1. However, this protective effect disappeared with aging. In conclusion, CYP2J deficiency not only reduces the amount of EETs, but also plays a dual regulatory role in cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Wu LT, Tan LM, You CY, Lan TY, Li WX, Xu YT, Ren ZX, Ding Q, Zhou CY, Tang ZR, Sun WZ, Sun ZH. Effects of dietary niacinamide and CP concentrations on the nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and meat quality of pigs. Animal 2023; 17:100869. [PMID: 37390624 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the dietary CP concentration in the formulation of low-protein diets without adverse effects on animal growth performance and meat quality remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on the nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs fed low-protein diets. To measure the nitrogen balance, we conducted two trials: in nitrogen balance trial 1, four crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) barrows (40 ± 0.5 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four diets and periods. The diets consisted of a basal diet + 30 mg/kg NAM (a control dose), basal diet + 90 mg/kg NAM, basal diet + 210 mg/kg NAM, and basal diet + 360 mg/kg NAM. In nitrogen balance trial 2, another four barrows (40 ± 0.5 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The diets consisted of a basal diet + including 30 mg/kg NAM (control), basal diet + 360 mg/kg NAM, low-protein diet + 30 mg/kg NAM, and low-protein diet + 360 mg/kg NAM. To measure growth performance, two trials were conducted. In growth performance trial 1, 40 barrows (37.0 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments (n = 10 per group), whereas in growth performance trial 2, 300 barrows (41.4 ± 2.0 kg) were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments, with each dietary treatment conducted in five repetitions with 15 pigs each. The four diets in the two growth performance trials were similar to those in nitrogen balance trial 2. Supplementing the diet with 210 or 360 mg/kg NAM reduced urinary nitrogen excretion and total nitrogen excretion and increased nitrogen retention comparted with the control diet (P < 0.05). Compared with the control diet, the low-protein diet with 360 mg/kg NAM reduced faecal, urinary, and total nitrogen excretion (P < 0.05) without affecting nitrogen retention and average daily gain (P > 0.05). Pigs fed the low-protein diet with 360 mg/kg NAM showed a decreased intramuscular fat content in the longissimus thoracis muscle when compared with pigs fed the control diet (P > 0.05). Our results suggest NAM as a suitable dietary additive to reduce dietary CP concentration, maximise nitrogen retention and growth performance, and decrease fat deposition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - L M Tan
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - C Y You
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - T Y Lan
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - W X Li
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Y T Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Z X Ren
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Q Ding
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - C Y Zhou
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Z R Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - W Z Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Z H Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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18
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Zhu J, Wang S, Wang C, Wang Z, Luo G, Li J, Zhan Y, Cai D, Chen S. Microbial synthesis of bacitracin: Recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:314-322. [PMID: 37122958 PMCID: PMC10130698 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are important sources of various natural products that have been commercialized for human medicine and animal healthcare. Bacitracin is an important antibacterial natural product predominantly produced by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, and it is characterized by a broad antimicrobial spectrum, strong activity and low resistance, thus bacitracin is extensively applied in animal feed and veterinary medicine industries. In recent years, various strategies have been proposed to improve bacitracin production. Herein, we systematically describe the regulation of bacitracin biosynthesis in genus Bacillus and its associated mechanism, to provide a theoretical basis for bacitracin overproduction. The metabolic engineering strategies applied for bacitracin production are explored, including improving substrate utilization, using an enlarged precursor amino acid pool, increasing ATP supply and NADPH generation, and engineering transcription regulators. We also present several approaches of fermentation process optimization to facilitate the industrial large-scale production of bacitracin. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with microbial bacitracin synthesis are discussed to facilitate the establishment of high-yield and low-cost biological factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gan Luo
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co. Ltd, Nanping, 353400, PR China
| | - Junhui Li
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co. Ltd, Nanping, 353400, PR China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
- Corresponding author. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, PR China.
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19
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Cui Y, Wu C, Li L, shi H, Li C, Yin S. Toward nanotechnology-enabled application of bilirubin in the treatment and diagnosis of various civilization diseases. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100658. [PMID: 37214553 PMCID: PMC10196858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin, an open chain tetrapyrrole, has powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-suppressive, metabolic-modulating and anti-proliferative activities. Bilirubin is a natural molecule that is produced and metabolized within the human body, making it highly biocompatible and well suited for clinical use. However, the use of bilirubin has been hampered by its poor water solubility and instability. With advanced construction strategies, bilirubin-derived nanoparticles (BRNPs) have not only overcome the disadvantages of bilirubin but also enhanced its therapeutic effects by targeting damaged tissues, passing through physiological barriers, and ensuring controlled sustained release. We review the mechanisms underlying the biological activities of bilirubin, BRNP preparation strategies and BRNP applications in various disease models. Based on their superior performance, BRNPs require further exploration of their efficacy, biodistribution and long-term biosafety in nonhuman primate models that recapitulate human disease to promote their clinical translation.
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Wang LW, Ruan H, Wang BM, Qin Y, Zhong WL. Microbiota regulation in constipation and colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:776-786. [PMID: 37275451 PMCID: PMC10237018 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of constipation to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently a controversial issue. Studies have shown that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, a condition known as ecological imbalance, are correlated with an increasing number of common human diseases, including CRC and constipation. CRC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and constipation has been receiving widespread attention as a risk factor for CRC. Early colonoscopy screening of constipated patients, with regular follow-ups and timely intervention, can help detect early intestinal lesions and reduce the risks of developing colorectal polyps and CRC. As an important regulator of the intestinal microenvironment, the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the onset and progression of CRC. An increasing amount of evidence supports the thought that gut microbial composition and function are key determinants of CRC development and progression, with alterations inducing changes in the expression of host genes, metabolic regulation, and local and systemic immunological responses. Furthermore, constipation greatly affects the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn influences the susceptibility to intestinal diseases such as CRC. However, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota, constipation, and CRC is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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21
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Quan X, Xin Y, Wang HL, Sun Y, Chen C, Zhang J. Implications of altered sirtuins in metabolic regulation and oral cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14752. [PMID: 36815979 PMCID: PMC9936870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a group of histone deacetylase enzymes with a wide range of enzyme activities that target a range of cellular proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for posttranslational modifications by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP ribosylation (SIRT4, 6, and 7). A variety of cellular functions, including mitochondrial functions and functions in energy homeostasis, metabolism, cancer, longevity and ageing, are regulated by sirtuins. Compromised sirtuin functions and/or alterations in the expression levels of sirtuins may lead to several pathological conditions and contribute significantly to alterations in metabolic phenotypes as well as oral carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the basic characteristics of seven mammalian sirtuins. This review also emphasizes the key molecular mechanisms of sirtuins in metabolic regulation and discusses the possible relationships of sirtuins with oral cancers. This review will provide novel insight into new therapeutic approaches targeting sirtuins that may potentially lead to effective strategies for combating oral malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Quan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He-Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chanchan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangying Zhang
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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22
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Tellis MB, Kotkar HM, Joshi RS. Regulation of trehalose metabolism in insects: from genes to the metabolite window. Glycobiology 2023; 33:262-273. [PMID: 36762907 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a major circulatory sugar in the haemolymph of insects. It provides instant energy and protection against stress. Trehalose metabolism is associated with insect growth and development. The architecture and spatio-temporal expression dynamics of trehalose metabolism and transport genes are key for regulation. These genes are controlled by various transcription factors, largely linked to nutrition, insect development, and metamorphosis. Also, trehalose levels are affected by substrate affinities and modifications of enzymes involved in the pathway. A feedback mechanism involving the precursors and products can regulate trehalose metabolism. Further, the neuroendocrine system controls trehalose levels under normal and stressed conditions by producing different hormones. Hypotrehalosemic hormones work under surplus energy conditions to activate haemolymph trehalose uptake and degradation. In contrast, hypertrehalosemic hormones stimulate trehalose production in the fat body and its transport to the haemolymph. However, trehalose metabolism regulation in insects needs to be studied in detail. This review discusses aspects of trehalose synthesis, transport, and degradation dynamics in developmental transition and stress response. Unravelling the epigenetic factors, transcriptional control and chemical or genetic modulators can provide further insights into the intricate regulation of trehalose in a development- and tissue-specific manner. This molecular information about effectors and regulators of trehalose metabolism can be applied in developing diverse biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi B Tellis
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemlata M Kotkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh S Joshi
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Li YX, Ren F, Chen Y. [Research progress of the regulatory role of autophagy in metabolic liver diseases]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:105-108. [PMID: 36948858 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20201106-00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is one of several hepatic metabolic processes in which starved cells are supplied with glucose, free fatty acids, and amino acids to produce energy and synthesize new macromolecules. Moreover, it regulates the quantity and quality of mitochondria and other organelles. As the liver is a vital metabolic organ, specific forms of autophagy are necessary for maintaining liver homeostasis. Protein, fat, and sugar are the three primary nutrients that can be altered by different metabolic liver diseases. Drugs that have an effect on autophagy can either promote or inhibit autophagy, and as a result, it can either increase or inhibit the three major nutritional metabolisms that are affected by liver disease. Thus, this opens up a novel therapeutic option for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Li
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - F Ren
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Y Chen
- Intractable Hepatic Diseases and Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center & Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment, Beijing 100069, China
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24
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Muralidhara P, Ewald JC. Protein-Metabolite Interactions Shape Cellular Metabolism and Physiology. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2554:1-10. [PMID: 36178616 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2624-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein-metabolite interactions regulate many important cellular processes but still remain understudied. Recent technological advancements are gradually uncovering the complexity of the protein-metabolite interactome. Here, we highlight some classic and recent examples of how protein metabolite interactions regulate metabolism, both locally and globally, and how this contributes to cellular physiology. We also discuss the importance of these interactions in diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer C Ewald
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Mohanan P, Yang TJ, Song YH. Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis. J Plant Biol 2023; 66:87-97. [PMID: 36714200 PMCID: PMC9867542 DOI: 10.1007/s12374-023-09384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng is a medicinal plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. Ginseng is known as the king of oriental medicine, which has been practiced since ancient times in East Asian countries and globally in the modern era. Ginseng is used as an adaptogen, and research shows that it has several pharmacological benefits for various ailments such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, and neurological symptoms. The pharmacological benefits of ginseng are attributed to the triterpenoid saponin ginsenosides found throughout the Panax ginseng species, which are abundant in its root and are found exclusively in P. ginseng and Panax quinquefolius. Recently, with the completion of the entire ginseng genome sequencing and the construction of the ginseng genome database, it has become possible to access information about many genes newly predicted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. This review briefly summarizes the current progress in ginseng genome analysis and genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, proposing directions for functional studies of the predicted genes related to ginsenoside production and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanaban Mohanan
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Young Hun Song
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
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26
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Yao C, Gou X, Tian C, Zhou L, Hao R, Wan L, Wang Z, Li M, Tong X. Key regulators of intestinal stem cells: diet, microbiota, and microbial metabolites. J Genet Genomics 2022:S1673-8527(22)00282-X. [PMID: 36566949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between diet and the intestinal microbiome play an important role in human health and disease development. It is well known that such interactions, whether direct or indirect, trigger a series of metabolic reactions in the body. Evidence suggests that intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which are phenotypic precursors of various intestinal epithelial cells, play a significant role in the regulation of intestinal barrier function and homeostasis. The advent and evolution of intestinal organoid culture techniques have presented a key opportunity to study the association between the intestinal microenvironment and ISCs. As a result, the effects exerted by dietary factors, intestinal microbiomes, and their metabolites on the metabolic regulation of ISCs and the potential mechanisms underlying such effects are being gradually revealed. This review summarises the effects of different dietary patterns on the behaviour and functioning of ISCs and focuses on the crosstalk between intestinal microbiota, related metabolites, and ISCs, with the aim of fully understanding the relationship between these three factors and providing further insights into the complex mechanisms associated with ISCs in the human body. Gaining an understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the development of novel dietary interventions or drugs conducive to intestinal health.
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27
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Porto NP, Bret RSC, Souza PVL, Cândido-Sobrinho SA, Medeiros DB, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. Thioredoxins regulate the metabolic fluxes throughout the tricarboxylic acid cycle and associated pathways in a light-independent manner. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 193:36-49. [PMID: 36323196 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic fluxes throughout the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC) are inhibited in the light by the mitochondrial thioredoxin (TRX) system. However, it is unclear how this system orchestrates the fluxes throughout the TCAC and associated pathways in the dark. Here we carried out a13C-HCO3 labelling experiment in Arabidopsis leaves from wild type (WT) and mutants lacking TRX o1 (trxo1), TRX h2 (trxh2), or both NADPH-dependent TRX reductase A and B (ntra ntrb) exposed to 0, 30 and 60 min of dark or light conditions. No 13C-enrichment in TCAC metabolites in illuminated WT leaves was observed. However, increased succinate content was found in parallel to reductions in Ala in the light, suggesting the latter operates as an alternative carbon source for succinate synthesis. By contrast to WT, all mutants showed substantial changes in the content and 13C-enrichment in TCAC metabolites under both dark and light conditions. Increased 13C-enrichment in glutamine in illuminated trxo1 leaves was also observed, strengthening the idea that TRX o1 restricts in vivo carbon fluxes from glycolysis and the TCAC to glutamine. We further demonstrated that both photosynthetic and gluconeogenic fluxes toward glucose are increased in trxo1 and that the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc)-mediated 13C-incorporation into malate is higher in trxh2 mutants, as compared to WT. Our results collectively provide evidence that TRX h2 and the mitochondrial NTR/TRX system regulate the metabolic fluxes throughout the TCAC and associated pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the synthesis of glutamine in a light-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P Porto
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raissa S C Bret
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo V L Souza
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvio A Cândido-Sobrinho
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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28
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Wang J, Wu J, Cheng H, Wang Y, Fang Y, Wang L, Duan Z. Polystyrene microplastics inhibit the neurodevelopmental toxicity of mercury in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae with size-dependent effects. Environ Pollut 2022; 314:120216. [PMID: 36152722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient evidence exists regarding the effects of microplastics (MPs) on the neuronal toxicity of heavy metals in the early stages of organisms. Herein, the effects of micro-polystyrene (μ-PS; 157 μm) and nano-polystyrene (n-PS; 100 nm) particles on the neurodevelopmental toxicity of mercury (Hg) in zebrafish embryos were compared. Zebrafish embryos exposed to Hg at the concentration of 0.1 mg L-1 revealed blood disorders, delayed hatching, and malformations such as pericardial oedema and tail deformity. The length of the larval head was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) and in vivo expression of atoh1a in the cerebellum of neuron-specific transgenic zebrafish Tg(atoh1a:dTomato) larvae was inhibited by 29.46% under the Hg treatment. Most of the toxic effects were inhibited by the combined exposure to μ-PS or n-PS with Hg, and n-PS decreased the neurodevelopmental toxicity of Hg more significantly than μ-PS. Metabolomic analysis revealed that in addition to inhibiting the amino acid metabolism pathway as in the μ-PS+Hg treatment, the n-PS+Hg treatment inhibited unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in zebrafish larvae, likely because of a greater reduction in Hg bioavailability, thus reducing the oxidative damage caused by Hg in the larvae. The combined effects of MPs and heavy metals differ greatly among different species and their targeted effects. We conclude that the combined toxicity mechanisms of MPs and heavy metals require further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Environment and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, the Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Haodong Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yudi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- Tianjin Institute of Environment and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, the Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhenghua Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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29
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Hsu JW, Huang KL, Ba YM, Tsai SJ, Chen MH. Role of Appetite Hormone Dysregulation in Symptomology and Executive Function in Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 26:91-96. [PMID: 36153673 PMCID: PMC9926050 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests an association of insulin and leptin with attention and executive function. The roles of dysregulated appetite hormones, including insulin and leptin, in the pathomechanisms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated cognitive function impairment remain unknown. METHODS In total, 50 adolescents with ADHD were enrolled and age and sex matched with 50 typically developing controls. The parent-reported Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale and self-reported Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were employed for symptom assessment. The fasting serum concentrations of appetite hormones-leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and adiponectin-were measured. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used to examine executive function. RESULTS Generalized linear models with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and medications indicated that the adolescents with ADHD had higher levels of insulin (P = .039) and leptin (P = .006) than did those in the control group. Self-reported attention and self-control symptoms were negatively associated with insulin level (P = .025 and .018, respectively) and positively associated with leptin level (both P < .001). In addition, insulin level was positively associated with executive function (P = .031). CONCLUSION Appetite hormone dysregulation was associated with the symptomology and executive function among adolescents with ADHD. Our results may inspire researchers to further examine the role of appetite hormone dysregulation in ADHD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Ba
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Correspondence: Mu-Hong Chen, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan ()
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30
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Palma CFF, Castro-Alves V, Morales LO, Rosenqvist E, Ottosen CO, Hyötyläinen T, Strid Å. Metabolic changes in cucumber leaves are enhanced by blue light but differentially affected by UV interactions with light signalling pathways in the visible spectrum. Plant Sci 2022; 321:111326. [PMID: 35696926 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UV, 280-400 nm) as an environmental signal triggers metabolic acclimatory responses. However, how different light qualities affect UV acclimation during growth is poorly understood. Here, cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were grown under blue, green, red, or white light in combination with UV. Their effects on leaf metabolites were determined using untargeted metabolomics. Blue and white growth light triggered increased levels of compounds related to primary and secondary metabolism, including amino acids, phenolics, hormones, and compounds related to sugar metabolism and the TCA cycle. In contrast, supplementary UV in a blue or white light background decreased leaf content of amino acids, phenolics, sugars, and TCA-related compounds, without affecting abscisic acid, auxin, zeatin, or jasmonic acid levels. However, in plants grown under green light, UV induced increased levels of phenolics, hormones (auxin, zeatin, dihydrozeatin-7-N-dihydrozeatin, jasmonic acid), amino acids, sugars, and TCA cycle-related compounds. Plants grown under red light with UV mainly showed decreased sugar content. These findings highlight the importance of the blue light component for metabolite accumulation. Also, data on interactions of UV with green light on the one hand, and blue or white light on the other, further contributes to our understanding of light quality regulation of plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Castro-Alves
- School of Science and Technology, Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Luis Orlando Morales
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro Life Science Centre, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Section of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, DK-2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Aarhus University, Plant Food and Climate, Department of Food Science, Agrofoodpark 48, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- School of Science and Technology, Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Åke Strid
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro Life Science Centre, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden.
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31
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Lei J, Yang Y, Lu Z, Pan H, Fang J, Jing B, Chen Y, Yin L. Taming metabolic competition via glycolysis inhibition for safe and potent tumor immunotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115153. [PMID: 35750199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic competition between tumors and T cells is fierce in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumors usually exhaust glucose and accumulate lactic acid in TME. Nutrient deprivation and lactic acid accumulation in TME blunt T cell functions and antitumor immune responses. Here, we reported that glycolysis-related genes were upregulated in melanoma patients with weak immune responses and T cell poorly infiltrated tumors of BRCA and COAD patients. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a GAPDH inhibitor, which is FDA proved to treat autoimmune diseases was identified to promote oxidative pentose phosphate pathway through glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) but to suppress aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells. Additionally, DMF normalized metabolic competition between tumors and T cells, thus potentiate antitumor responses of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes (TILs). Moreover, DMF optimized the efficiency of immune checkpoint therapy and interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy while eliminating severe toxicity induced by IL-2 therapy. This study indicates a novel clinically feasible therapy strategy aiming shared metabolic pathway of tumors and T cells for effective and less toxic tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhaoliang Lu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jialing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Baowei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongshun Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Wang D, Wang H, Wu J, Hou Y, Sun J, Yuan J, Gu S. Biotechnological production and application of epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL): biosynthesis and its metabolic regulation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:123. [PMID: 35637397 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is an unusual biopolymer composed of L-lysine produced by several microorganisms, especially by the genus Streptomyces. Due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, good water solubility, high safety, and biodegradable nature, ε-PL with a GRAS status has been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In the past years, studies have focused on the biotechnological production of ɛ-PL, the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL, and its application. To provide new perspectives from recent advances, the review introduced the methods for the isolation of ɛ-PL producing strains and the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL. We summarized the strategies for the improvement of ɛ-PL producing strains, including physical and chemical mutagenesis, ribosome engineering and gene engineering, and compared the different metabolic regulation strategies for improving ɛ-PL production, including medium optimization, nutrient supply, pH control, and dissolved oxygen control. Then, the downstream purification methods of ɛ-PL and its recent applications in food and medicine industries were introduced. Finally, we also proposed the potential challenges and the perspectives for the production of ε-PL.
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Zhang Y, Fan Q, Hou Y, Zhang X, Yin Z, Cai X, Wei W, Wang J, He D, Wang G, Yuan Y, Hao H, Zheng X. Bacteroides species differentially modulate depression-like behavior via gut-brain metabolic signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:11-22. [PMID: 35143877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome disturbances have been widely implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), although the identity of causal microbial species and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. Here we show that Bacteroides species enriched in the gut microbiome from MDD patients differentially impact the susceptibility to depressive behaviors. Transplantation of fecal microbiome from MDD patients into antibiotic-treated mice induced anxiety and despair-like behavior and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. Colonization of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides uniformis, and, to a lesser extent, Bacteroides caccae, but not Bacteroides ovatus, recapitulated the negative effects of MDD microbiome on behavior and neurogenesis. The varying impacts of Bacteroides species were partially explained by differential alternations of tryptophan pathway metabolites and neurotransmitters along the gut-brain axis. Notably, an intensified depletion of cerebral serotonin concurred with the enhanced susceptibility to depression. Together, these findings identify select Bacteroidetes species that contribute to depression susceptibility in mice by metabolic regulation along the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qilin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuanshuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Duan J, Cheng M, Xu Y, Tang S, Li X, Chen Y, Lu H, Gao T, Yu W. Comparison of the effects of different calorie amounts of enteral nutrition in hypercatabolism associated with ghrelin-POMC in endotoxemic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:28. [PMID: 35428321 PMCID: PMC9013094 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercatabolism often occurs in critically ill patients, and it increases infection rates and mortality in these patients. Enteral nutrition (EN) is commonly used in case of hypercatabolism. However, the effect of amount of calories in EN on hypercatabolism remains unexplored. Objective Here, we compared the effect of low-calorie, medium-calorie and high-calorie EN on hypercatabolism in the acute phase of endotoxemia, which is associated with gastrointestinal hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC).
Methods Overall 84 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used for research. A set of rats were divided into 5 groups, Control (NS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups were fed a standard chow diet; LPS + L (LPS + 40 kcal/kg/day EN), LPS + M (LPS + 80 kcal/kg/day EN) and LPS + H (LPS + 120 kcal/kg/day EN) groups received EN through a gastric tube for 3 days. Another set of rats were used for parallel control experiment and divided into 5 groups: NS + F (saline + fasting) and LPS + F (LPS + fasting) groups were given no food, NS + L (saline + 40 kcal/kg/day EN), NS + M (saline + 80 kcal/kg/day EN) and NS + H (saline + 120 kcal/kg/day EN) groups received EN through a gastric tube for 3 days. Hypercatabolism was evaluated by assessing skeletal muscle protein synthesis and atrophy, insulin resistance, and corticosterone levels. Moreover, serum inflammatory factors, gastrointestinal hormones, hypothalamic ghrelin, growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1α, hypothalamic neuropeptide, and intestinal injury indicators were detected. Results Low-calorie EN effectively increased serum and hypothalamic ghrelin possibly due to slight intestinal barrier damage, thereby decreasing hypothalamic POMC expression; consequently, it alleviated rat insulin resistance, reduced blood cortisol levels and muscle atrophy, and improved the survival rate of rats in the acute phase of endotoxemia. Interestingly, with an increase in calories in enteral nutrition, the aforementioned effects did not increase. Conclusions Low-calorie EN could effectively increase gastrointestinal hormone ghrelin by reducing intestinal damage and suppressing POMC expression to ameliorate hypercatabolism when compared with medium-calorie and high-calorie EN. Therefore Low-calorie EN may be preferred for providing EN in the acute stage of endotoxemia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00663-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Duan
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Cheng
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Xu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiu Tang
- Nanjing University Hospital, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Li
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Gao
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Hong KQ, Zhang J, Jin B, Chen T, Wang ZW. Development and characterization of a glycine biosensor system for fine-tuned metabolic regulation in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:56. [PMID: 35392910 PMCID: PMC8991567 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo biosensors have a wide range of applications, ranging from the detection of metabolites to the regulation of metabolic networks, providing versatile tools for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. However, in view of the vast array of metabolite molecules, the existing number and performance of biosensors is far from sufficient, limiting their potential applications in metabolic engineering. Therefore, we developed the synthetic glycine-ON and -OFF riboswitches for metabolic regulation and directed evolution of enzyme in Escherichia coli. Results The results showed that a synthetic glycine-OFF riboswitch (glyOFF6) and an increased-detection-range synthetic glycine-ON riboswitch (glyON14) were successfully screened from a library based on the Bacillus subtilis glycine riboswitch using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and tetA-based dual genetic selection. The two synthetic glycine riboswitches were successfully used in tunable regulation of lactate synthesis, dynamic regulation of serine synthesis and directed evolution of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase in Escherichia coli, respectively. Mutants AGXT22 and AGXT26 of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase with an increase of 58% and 73% enzyme activity were obtained by using a high-throughput screening platform based on the synthetic glycine-OFF riboswitch, and successfully used to increase the 5-aminolevulinic acid yield of engineered Escherichia coli. Conclusions A synthetic glycine-OFF riboswitch and an increased-detection-range synthetic glycine-ON riboswitch were successfully designed and screened. The developed riboswitches showed broad application in tunable regulation, dynamic regulation and directed evolution of enzyme in E. coli. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01779-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Qiang Hong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Biao Jin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. .,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Chen Y, Xu C, Yang H, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Yan R, Zhu D. L-Arginine enhanced perylenequinone production in the endophytic fungus Shiraia sp. Slf14(w) via NO signaling pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2619-2636. [PMID: 35291023 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Perylenequinones (PQ) are natural polyketides used as anti-microbial, -cancers, and -viral photodynamic therapy agents. Herein, the effects of L-arginine (Arg) on PQ biosynthesis of Shiraia sp. Slf14(w) and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated. The total content of PQ reached 817.64 ± 72.53 mg/L under optimal conditions of Arg addition, indicating a 30.52-fold improvement over controls. Comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated that Arg supplement promoted PQ precursors biosynthesis of Slf14(w) by upregulating the expression of critical genes associated with the glycolysis pathway, and acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA synthesis. By downregulating the expression of genes related to the glyoxylate cycle pathway and succinate dehydrogenase, more acetyl-CoA flow into the formation of PQ. Arg supplement upregulated the putative biosynthetic gene clusters for PQ and activated the transporter proteins (MFS and ABC) for exudation of PQ. Further studies showed that Arg increased the gene transcription levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitrate reductase (NR), and activated NOS and NR, thus promoting the formation of nitric oxide (NO). A supplement of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) also confirmed that NO triggered promoted biosynthesis and efflux of PQ. PQ production stimulated by Arg or/and SNP can be significantly inhibited upon the addition of NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO, NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine, or soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS-2028. These results showed that Arg-derived NO, as a signaling molecule, is involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of PQ in Slf14(W) through the NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Our results provide a valuable strategy for large-scale PQ production and contribute to further understanding of NO signaling in the fungal metabolite biosynthesis. KEY POINTS: • PQ production of Shiraia sp. Slf14(w) was significantly improved by L-arginine addition. • Arginine-derived NO was firstly reported to be involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of PQ. • The NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway was proposed for the first time to participate in PQ biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chenglong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhenying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Riming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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Jiao X, Gu Y, Zhou P, Yu H, Ye L. Recent advances in construction and regulation of yeast cell factories. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:57. [PMID: 35174424 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the rapid progress in development of synthetic biology, and advances in construction of yeast cell factories open vast opportunities for green and sustainable production of chemicals. Focusing on the progress in yeast engineering for production of plant natural products in the last 5 years, this review introduces different yeast chassis used for cell factory construction, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica and Komagataella phaffii, together with the emerging genome editing tools. The metabolic regulation strategies developed for yeast engineering are highlighted, such as subcellular pathway localization dynamic regulation, and transporter engineering. C1-based chemical bioproduction by engineered yeast is also covered. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects in creating efficient yeast cell factories are summarized.
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Komera I, Gao C, Guo L, Hu G, Chen X, Liu L. Bifunctional optogenetic switch for improving shikimic acid production in E. coli. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2022; 15:13. [PMID: 35418155 PMCID: PMC8822657 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomass formation and product synthesis decoupling have been proven to be promising to increase the titer of desired value add products. Optogenetics provides a potential strategy to develop light-induced circuits that conditionally control metabolic flux redistribution for enhanced microbial production. However, the limited number of light-sensitive proteins available to date hinders the progress of light-controlled tools. RESULTS To address these issues, two optogenetic systems (TPRS and TPAS) were constructed by reprogramming the widely used repressor TetR and protease TEVp to expand the current optogenetic toolkit. By merging the two systems, a bifunctional optogenetic switch was constructed to enable orthogonally regulated gene transcription and protein accumulation. Application of this bifunctional switch to decouple biomass formation and shikimic acid biosynthesis allowed 35 g/L of shikimic acid production in a minimal medium from glucose, representing the highest titer reported to date by E. coli without the addition of any chemical inducers and expensive aromatic amino acids. This titer was further boosted to 76 g/L when using rich medium fermentation. CONCLUSION The cost effective and light-controlled switch reported here provides important insights into environmentally friendly tools for metabolic pathway regulation and should be applicable to the production of other value-add chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Komera
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Kobayashi S, Atsumi S, Ikebukuro K, Sode K, Asano R. Light-induced production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol by metabolically engineered cyanobacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:7. [PMID: 34991586 PMCID: PMC8740407 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyanobacteria are engineered via heterologous biosynthetic pathways to produce value-added chemicals via photosynthesis. Various chemicals have been successfully produced in engineered cyanobacteria. Chemical inducer-dependent promoters are used to induce the expression of target biosynthetic pathway genes. A chemical inducer is not ideal for large-scale reactions owing to its high cost; therefore, it is important to develop scaling-up methods to avoid their use. In this study, we designed a green light-inducible alcohol production system using the CcaS/CcaR green light gene expression system in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (PCC 6803). Results To establish the green light-inducible production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol (3MB) in PCC 6803, keto-acid decarboxylase (kdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) were expressed under the control of the CcaS/CcaR system. Increases in the transcription level were induced by irradiation with red and green light without severe effects on host cell growth. We found that the production of isobutanol and 3MB from carbon dioxide (CO2) was induced under red and green light illumination and was substantially repressed under red light illumination alone. Finally, production titers of isobutanol and 3MB reached 238 mg L−1 and 75 mg L−1, respectively, in 5 days under red and green light illumination, and these values are comparable to those reported in previous studies using chemical inducers. Conclusion A green light-induced alcohol production system was successfully integrated into cyanobacteria to produce value-added chemicals without using expensive chemical inducers. The green light-regulated production of isobutanol and 3MB from CO2 is eco-friendly and cost-effective. This study demonstrates that light regulation is a potential tool for producing chemicals and increases the feasibility of cyanobacterial bioprocesses. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01732-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shota Atsumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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Abstract
Respiratory rate measurements are crucial assays to understand mitochondrial biochemistry as well as metabolic regulation within tissues. Several technologies currently exist that can measure plant respiratory oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide evolution rates over short durations by either isolated mitochondria or plant tissues. Here we describe recently developed alternative methods for measuring tissue oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) using systems reliant on oxygen sensitive fluorophores. The methods described have distinct experimental advantages: they can allow high-throughput and long-duration measurements; and they are particularly suited to investigating the metabolic regulation of respiration by comparing OCRs among treatments or genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M O'Leary
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Glenda Guek Khim Oh
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Blea MN, Wallace IS. Analysis of Posttranslational Modifications in Arabidopsis Proteins and Metabolic Pathways Using the FAT-PTM Database. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2499:145-154. [PMID: 35696079 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2317-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are critical regulators of protein behavior, and over 200 different types of PTMs have been identified. Recent developments in mass spectrometry technology and sample enrichment approaches have led to a massive expansion in the number of identified PTM types and sites within eukaryotic proteins. As these types of data become increasingly available, it is important to develop additional analysis tools and data repositories to investigate PTM cross talk and larger networks of PTMs. Recently, we developed the Functional Analysis Tools for Post-translational Modifications (FAT-PTM) database, which supports data from publicly available proteomic analyses encompassing eight different types of PTMs and over 49,000 PTM sites. In this chapter, we describe the utility of FAT-PTM for analysis of posttranslationally modified proteins in three different contexts. First, a simple protein search tool is available that allows users to investigate proteins in the Arabidopsis proteome to identify types of PTMs that are associated with the query protein as well as quantitative phosphorylation site changes associated with ten different experimental conditions. Second, FAT-PTM contains a metabolic pathway analysis tool to investigate PTMs in the broader context of over 600 different metabolic pathways compiled from the Plant Metabolic Network. Finally, FAT-PTM contains a comodification tool that can be used to identify groups of proteins that are subject to two or more user-defined PTMs. Overall, FAT-PTM provides a user-friendly platform to visualize posttranslationally modified proteins at the individual, metabolic pathway, and PTM cross-talk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Blea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ian S Wallace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
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Chi Z, Kong CC, Wang ZZ, Wang Z, Liu GL, Hu Z, Chi ZM. The signaling pathways involved in metabolic regulation and stress responses of the yeast-like fungi Aureobasidium spp. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107898. [PMID: 34974157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aureobasidium spp. can use a wide range of substrates and are widely distributed in different environments, suggesting that they can sense and response to various extracellular signals and be adapted to different environments. It is true that their pullulan, lipid and liamocin biosynthesis and cell growth are regulated by the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway; Polymalate (PMA) and pullulan biosynthesis is controlled by the Ca2+ and TORC1 signaling pathways; the HOG1 signaling pathway determines high osmotic tolerance and high pullulan and liamocin biosynthesis; the Snf1/Mig1 pathway controls glucose repression on pullulan and liamocin biosynthesis; DHN-melanin biosynthesis and stress resistance are regulated by the CWI signaling pathway and TORC1 signaling pathway. In addition, the HSF1 pathway may control cell growth of some novel strains of A. melanogenum at 37 °C. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of high temperature growth and thermotolerance of some novel strains of A. melanogenum and glucose derepression in A. melanogenum TN3-1 are still unclear.
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Safdari H, Kalirad A, Sadeghi M. Population-level heterogeneity as a reflection of mixed strategy: A computational perspective on the Crabtree effect. J Theor Biol 2021; 531:110912. [PMID: 34562457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Is population-level heterogeneity a reflection of distinct subpopulations, exhibiting different metabolic functions, or dynamic metabolism of individuals within the population? This fascinating question has remained a subject of great interest in studying metabolic specialization in microorganisms. The Crabtree effect - i.e., the ability of some microorganisms to switch from respiration to fermentation in the presence of oxygen - is an appropriate case study to address the aforementioned question. Game-theoretical approaches have been routinely used to examine and explain the way a microorganism, such as yeast, would switch between the two ATP-producing pathways, i.e., respiration and fermentation. Here we attempt to explain the switch between respiration and fermentation in yeast by constructing a simple metabolic switch. We then utilize an individual-based model, in which each individual is equipped with all the relevant chemical reactions, to see how cells equipped with such metabolic switch would behave in different conditions. We further investigate our proposed metabolic switch using the game-theoretical approach. Based on this model, we postulate that the population-level metabolic heterogeneity in microorganisms can simply arise from individuals utilizing a mixed strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Safdari
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Kalirad
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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Shimizu K, Matsuoka Y. Feedback regulation and coordination of the main metabolism for bacterial growth and metabolic engineering for amino acid fermentation. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107887. [PMID: 34921951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms such as bacteria are often exposed to continuous changes in the nutrient availability in nature. Therefore, bacteria must constantly monitor the environmental condition, and adjust the metabolism quickly adapting to the change in the growth condition. For this, bacteria must orchestrate (coordinate and integrate) the complex and dynamically changing information on the environmental condition. In particular, the central carbon metabolism (CCM), monomer synthesis, and macromolecular synthesis must be coordinately regulated for the efficient growth. It is a grand challenge in bioscience, biotechnology, and synthetic biology to understand how living organisms coordinate the metabolic regulation systems. Here, we consider the integrated sensing of carbon sources by the phosphotransferase system (PTS), and the feed-forward/feedback regulation systems incorporated in the CCM in relation to the pool sizes of flux-sensing metabolites and αketoacids. We also consider the metabolic regulation of amino acid biosynthesis (as well as purine and pyrimidine biosyntheses) paying attention to the feedback control systems consisting of (fast) enzyme level regulation with (slow) transcriptional regulation. The metabolic engineering for the efficient amino acid production by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum is also discussed (in relation to the regulation mechanisms). The amino acid synthesis is important for determining the rate of ribosome biosynthesis. Thus, the growth rate control (growth law) is further discussed on the relationship between (p)ppGpp level and the ribosomal protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Shimizu
- Kyushu institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan.
| | - Yu Matsuoka
- Department of Fisheries Distribution and Management, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595, Japan
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Faour M, Magnan C, Gurden H, Martin C. Olfaction in the context of obesity and diabetes: Insights from animal models to humans. Neuropharmacology 2021; 206:108923. [PMID: 34919903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system is at the crossroad between sensory processing and metabolic sensing. In addition to being the center of detection and identification of food odors, it is a sensor for most of the hormones and nutrients responsible for feeding behavior regulation. The consequences of modifications in body homeostasis, nutrient overload and alteration of this brain network in the pathological condition of food-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes are still not elucidated. The aim of this review was first to use both humans and animal studies to report on the current knowledge of the consequences of obesity and type 2 diabetes on odorant threshold and olfactory perception including identification discrimination and memory. We then discuss how olfactory processing can be modified by an alteration of the metabolic homeostasis of the organism and available elements on pharmacological treatments that regulate olfaction. We focus on data within the olfactory system but also on the interactions between the olfactory system and other brain networks impacted by metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Faour
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Hirac Gurden
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France.
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Liu M, Guo L, Fu Y, Huo M, Qi Q, Zhao G. Bacterial protein acetylation and its role in cellular physiology and metabolic regulation. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107842. [PMID: 34624455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein acetylation is an evolutionarily conserved posttranslational modification. It affects enzyme activity, metabolic flux distribution, and other critical physiological and biochemical processes by altering protein size and charge. Protein acetylation may thus be a promising tool for metabolic regulation to improve target production and conversion efficiency in fermentation. Here we review the role of protein acetylation in bacterial physiology and metabolism and describe applications of protein acetylation in fermentation engineering and strategies for regulating acetylation status. Although protein acetylation has become a hot topic, the regulatory mechanisms have not been fully characterized. We propose future research directions in protein acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Likun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Yingxin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Meitong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Gu Z, Liu T, Liu C, Yang Y, Tang J, Song H, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yu C. Ferroptosis-Strengthened Metabolic and Inflammatory Regulation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Provokes Potent Tumoricidal Activities. Nano Lett 2021; 21:6471-6479. [PMID: 34292757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) holds promise for cancer treatment, mainly relying on M1 signaling activation and pro-inflammatory promotion. Nevertheless, the antitumor activity is often limited by the anti-inflammatory factors in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the metabolic function of TAMs is also critical to tumor progression. However, there are a few strategies that can simultaneously regulate both inflammatory and metabolic functions to achieve safe and potent antitumor activation of TAMs. Herein, we demonstrate that an iron-based metal organic framework nanoparticle and a ferroptosis-inducing agent synergistically induce mitochondrial alternation in TAMs, resulting in a radical metabolic switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, which is resistant to anti-inflammatory stimuli challenge. The ferroptosis stress strengthened by the nanoformulation also drives multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, enabling macrophage activation with potent tumoricidal activities. The ferroptosis-strengthened macrophage regulation strategy present in this study paves the way for TAM-centered antitumoral treatment to overcome the limitations of conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengying Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jie Tang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Abu El-Haija M, Ye Y, Chu Y, Herz H, Linden B, Shahi SK, Zarei K, Mangalam AK, Mcelroy SJ, Mokadem M. Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 are required for gastric bypass-induced metabolic effects. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021:S1550-7289(21)00372-5. [PMID: 34462225 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been suggested as one of the forefront cross-communicators between the intestinal bacteria and the host to regulate inflammatory signals and energy homeostasis. High-fat diet–induced inflammation is mediated by changes in gut microbiota and requires a functional TLR-4, the deficiency of which renders mice resistant to diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, gut microbiota was suggested to play a key role in the beneficial effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), a commonly performed bariatric procedure. Objectives: To explore whether TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 8 (MyD88; 1 of its key downstream signaling regulators) and gut microbiota play an integrative role in RYGB-induced metabolic outcomes. Setting: Animal-based study. Method: We performed RYGB in TLR4 and MyD88 knock-out (KO) mice and used fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from RYGB-operated animals to these genetic mouse models to address our questions. Results: We demonstrate that RYGB reduces TLR4 expression explicitly in the small and large intestine of C57Blc/6J mice. We also show that TLR4 KO mice have an attenuated glucoregulatory response to RYGB. In addition, we reveal that MyD88 KO mice fail to respond to all RYGB-induced metabolic effects. Finally, fecal microbiota transplant from RYGB-operated mice into TLR4 KO and MyD88 KO naïve recipients fails to induce a metabolic phenotype similar to that of the donors, as it does in wild-type recipients. Conclusion: TLR4 and MyD88 are required for RYGB-induced metabolic response that is likely mediated by gut microbiome.
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Qianmei Y, Zehong S, Guang W, Hui L, Lian G. Recent advances in the role of Th17/Treg cells in tumor immunity and tumor therapy. Immunol Res 2021. [PMID: 34302619 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Th17 and Treg cells play an important role in regulating tissue inflammation and maintaining the stability of the immune system. They regulate inflammatory responses, participate in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases and tumors, and determine the disease progress. Malignant tumor is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world. However, the efficacy of traditional treatment is limited, so it is necessary to find safe and efficient treatment methods. Studies have shown that the balance of Th17/Treg cells plays a critical role in tumor progression. In this paper, we review the antitumor and tumor-suppressing effects of Th17/Treg cells, and new strategies for tumor therapy, combined with new research hotspots such as immune checkpoint therapy, miRNA-related gene therapy, and metabolic pathway regulation of Th17/Treg cell differentiation and tumor generation. The synergistic therapy is expected to be widely used in the future clinical practice, providing a new choice for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.
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Guan J, Chen W, Yang M, Wu E, Qian J, Zhan C. Regulation of in vivo delivery of nanomedicines by herbal medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:210-228. [PMID: 33887404 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines are of increasing scrutiny due to their improved efficacy and/or mitigated side effects. They can be integrated with many other therapeutics to further boost the clinical benefits. Among those, herbal medicines are arousing great interest to be combined with nanomedicines to exert synergistic effects in multifaceted mechanisms. The in vivo performance of nanomedicines which determines the therapeutic efficacy and safety is believed to be heavily influenced by the physio-pathological characters of the body. Activation of multiple immune factors, e.g., complement system, phagocytic cells, lymphocytes, and among many others, can affect the fate of nanomedicines in blood circulation, biodistribution, interaction with single cells and intracellular transport. Immunomodulatory effects and metabolic regulation by herbal medicines have been widely witnessed during the past decades, which alter the physio-pathological conditions and dramatically affect in vivo delivery of nanomedicines. In this review, we summarize recent progress of understanding on the in vivo delivery process of nanomedicines and analyze the major affecting factors that regulate the interaction of nanomedicines with organisms. We discuss the immunomodulatory roles and metabolic regulation by herbal medicines and their effects on in vivo delivery process of nanomedicines, as well as the prospective clinical benefits from the combination of nanomedicines and herbal medicines.
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