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Yun K, Ji K. Effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in adult zebrafish. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 119:108408. [PMID: 37211339 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) is frequently used in food packaging and medical devices as an alternative to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). In this study, zebrafish pairs were exposed to DEHTP for 21 d and the effects on fertility, sex hormone levels, vitellogenin levels, and transcription of genes along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis were evaluated. Results showed that mean egg numbers were significantly reduced in the 30 and 300 μg/L DEHTP groups. The adverse effects of DEHTP on hormones and gene transcripts were more prominent in males than in females. In male fish, the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and vitellogenin concentration were significantly increased. The results of a significant decrease in testosterone (T) and an increase in the 17β-estradiol (E2)/T ratio in males exposed to 3-300 μg/L DEHTP suggest that the endocrine potential of DEHTP is similar that of DEHP. In females, genes related to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin were up-regulated while E2 was significantly down-regulated. These findings suggest that positive E2 feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are activated to balance sex hormones. The effects of chronic exposure to DEHTP on the neuroendocrine system require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijeong Yun
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Hlavacova N, Hrivikova K, Karailievova L, Karailiev P, Homberg JR, Jezova D. Altered responsiveness to glutamatergic modulation by MK-801 and to repeated stress of immune challenge in female dopamine transporter knockout rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023:110804. [PMID: 37247803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a key factor in psychiatric and neurological disorders often worsening disease symptoms. In this study, a unique animal model, the dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rat exhibiting behavioral signs resembling those occurring in mania, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder was used. We have tested the hypothesis that the hyperdopaminergic state in DAT-KO rats (i) modulates behavioral response to the NMDA antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine) and (ii) leads to abnormal endocrine and immune activation under subchronic stress induced by an immune challenge. Glutamatergic modulation with MK-801 induced a different behavioral pattern. While the WT rats responded to MK-801 injection with a robust rise in their locomotor activity, the hyperactive DAT-KO rats exhibited reduced locomotion. Signs of chronic stress including increased basal corticosterone and aldosterone but blunted anxiety were demonstrated in rats lacking the DAT. Repeated injections of increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 days) did not modify plasma prolactin concentrations which were however significantly lower in DAT-KO than in WT rats. Concentrations of plasma high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein were significantly higher in LPS-treated DAT-KO than in WT rats. The gene expression of interleukin-6 in the anterior pituitary increased under the stress induced by the immune challenge in the WT but not the DAT-KO rats. The most evident differences between the genotypes were revealed in the spleen. The splenic gene expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and HMGB1 was lower and that of ferritin was higher in DAT-KO compared to WT rats. Obtained results emphasize the functional interaction of the endocrine and immune systems with monoamine and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the mechanisms leading to behavioral alterations and psychiatric disorders associated with dopamine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Hrivikova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Karailievova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Karailiev
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Liang J, Yang X, Xiang T, Chen X, Ren Z, Wang X, Su J, Zhang Y, Liu QS, Qu G, Zhou Q, Jiang G. The perturbation of parabens on the neuroendocrine system in zebrafish larvae. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163593. [PMID: 37087015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, as the synthetic preservatives, have caused universal environmental contamination and human exposure. Whether parabens could disturb neuroendocrine system was still ambiguous. In this study, the effects of four commonly-used parabens, i.e. methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP) and butyl paraben (BuP), were tested on the neuroendocrine system of zebrafish larvae by investigating the swimming behavior, the related hormones and biomarkers in the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. The results showed that all test chemicals significantly reduced the swimming distance and mean velocity of zebrafish larvae. The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels in zebrafish larvae were significantly increased, while the cortisol levels were obviously decreased by paraben exposure. The transcriptional analysis showed that the expressions of the target genes including gr, mr and crhr2 in the HPI axis were mostly down-regulated. The exploration of the initial molecular event showed that parabens could bind with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and trigger its transactivation, according to MDA-kb2 luciferase assay and molecular docking analysis. The interaction of parabens with the GR included the hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. The findings herein revealed the potential deleterious effects of parabens on the neuroendocrine system of zebrafish larvae, thus accumulating the in vivo toxicological data on this kind of food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Tongtong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xuanyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wang Y, Qu M, Qiu Z, Zhu S, Chen W, Guo K, Miao C, Zhang H. Surgical Stress and Cancer Progression: New Findings and Future Perspectives. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1501-1511. [PMID: 35763189 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The stress response to surgery is essential for maintaining homeostasis and exhibits anti-tumor effects; however, an ongoing and exaggerated stress response may have adverse clinical consequences and even promote cancer progression. This review will discuss the complex relationship between surgical stress and cancer progression. RECENT FINDINGS Surgical stress exhibits both anti-tumor and cancer-promoting effects by causing changes in the neuroendocrine, circulatory, and immune systems. Many studies have found that many mechanisms are involved in the process, and the corresponding targets could be applied for cancer therapy. Although surgical stress may have anti-tumor effects, it is necessary to inhibit an excessive stress response, mostly showing cancer-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghanzhao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdi Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuainan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Kefang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
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Bakalkin G. The left-right side-specific endocrine signaling in the effects of brain lesions: questioning of the neurological dogma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:545. [PMID: 36219330 PMCID: PMC9553812 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Each cerebral hemisphere is functionally connected to the contralateral side of the body through the decussating neural tracts. The crossed neural pathways set a basis for contralateral effects of brain injury such hemiparesis and hemiplegia as it has been already noted by Hippocrates. Recent studies demonstrated that, in addition to neural mechanisms, the contralateral effects of brain lesions are mediated through the humoral pathway by neurohormones that produce either the left or right side-specific effects. The side-specific humoral signaling defines whether the left or right limbs are affected after a unilateral brain injury. The hormonal signals are released by the pituitary gland and may operate through their receptors that are lateralized in the spinal cord and involved in the side-specific control of symmetric neurocircuits innervating the left and right limbs. Identification of features and a proportion of neurological deficits transmitted by neurohormonal signals vs. those mediated by neural pathways is essential for better understanding of mechanisms of brain trauma and stroke and development of new therapies. In a biological context, the left–right side-specific neuroendocrine signaling may be fundamental for the control of the left- and right-sided processes in bilaterally symmetric animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy Bakalkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Karaulov AV, Smolyagin AI, Mikhailova IV, Stadnikov AA, Ermolina EV, Filippova YV, Kuzmicheva NA, Vlata Z, Djordjevic AB, Tsitsimpikou C, Hartung T, Hernandez AF, Tsatsakis A. Assessment of the combined effects of chromium and benzene on the rat neuroendocrine and immune systems. Environ Res 2022; 207:112096. [PMID: 34619121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, and bone marrow) of Wistar rats treated with a mixture of chromium and benzene. Animals were assessed at three time-points (45, 90 and 135 days) following oral mixture exposure. The hypothalamus-pituitary system was examined in light and electron microscopy. Lymphoid organs underwent a morphological assessment and the immunophenotype of splenocytes was characterized immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. Splenocytes cytokine production of was determined by ELISA after Con-A stimulation. Combined exposure to chromium and benzene in average doses of 20 mg Cr (VI)/kg body weight/day and 0.6 ml benzene/kg body weight/day impaired the responsiveness of the central compartment of the HPA axis, as evidenced by functional activation of the secretory activity of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which was not followed by a sufficient extrusion of nonapeptides at the neurohypophysis and hypothalamic median eminence. Chromium and benzene exposure reduced the thymus mass, thymocytes count, and caused a number of structural and functional changes indicative of transient thymus involution. In the spleen, exposure to both chemicals resulted in lymphoreticular hyperplasia and plasma cell-macrophage transformation (also observed in lymph nodes). Apoptosis of thymocytes and lymphocytes was also observed in T-zones of the spleen. Notably, the effects were similar to those observed earlier for the single agents, under the same experimental conditions, without evidence of additivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Viktorovich Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Street, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina Valeryevna Mikhailova
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Abramovich Stadnikov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | | | - Yulia Vladimirovna Filippova
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia; Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Aleksandrovna Kuzmicheva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Zacharenia Vlata
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100 GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Thomas Hartung
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health & Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21212, USA; Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Antonio F Hernandez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Sun J, Sun J. How neuroactive factors mediates immune responses during pregnancy: An interdisciplinary view. Neuropeptides 2022; 91:102213. [PMID: 34839164 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy, from insemination to parturition, is a highly complex but well-orchestrated process that requires various organs and systems to participate. Immune system and neuroendocrine system are important regulators in healthy pregnancy. Dozens of neuroactive factors have been detected in human placenta, whether they are locally secreted or circulated. Among them, some are vividly studied such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), progesterone and estrogens, while others are relatively lack of research. Though the neuroendocrine-immune interactions are demonstrated in some diseases for decades, the roles of neuroactive factors in immune system and lymphocytes during pregnancy are not fully elucidated. This review aims to provide an interdisciplinary view on how the neuroendocrine system mediate immune system during pregnancy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Sun
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Yang MJ, Song H, Feng J, Yu ZL, Shi P, Liang J, Hu Z, Zhou C, Wang XL, Zhang T. Symbiotic microbiome and metabolism profiles reveal the effects of induction by oysters on the metamorphosis of the carnivorous gastropod Rapana venosa. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1-14. [PMID: 34976307 PMCID: PMC8666614 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most marine mollusks have a pelagic larval phase, and they need to undergo metamorphosis to develop into adults. Metamorphosis is affected by many factors, including abiotic factors such as temperature, salinity and illumination as well as biological factors such as food and microorganisms. In our previous study, we found that the metamorphosis of Rapana venosa requires induction by juvenile oysters, which are the food source of R. venosa. However, the regulatory mechanism of this induction is largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the impacts of induction by juvenile oysters on competent larvae of R. venosa. Competent larvae were experimentally divided into two pools, and scallop shells without juvenile oysters and scallop shells with juvenile oysters were added for 2 h and 12 h to monitor alterations in critical gene expression, symbiotic microbiota and metabolomic responses. The carboxypeptidase gene was increased while the cellulase gene was decreased, which may mean that the food habit transition was induced by juvenile oysters. Meanwhile, critical genes in the neuroendocrine system were also significantly altered in juvenile oysters. Furthermore, dramatic changes in the symbiotic microbiota and metabolism profiles were observed, with many of them associated with the digestive system and neuroendocrine system. In conclusion, juveniles as food resources may induce metamorphosis in R. venosa by regulating the neuroendocrine system and promoting the development of the digestive system and changes in digestive enzymes. This study may provide evidence that induction by juvenile oysters can promote food habit transition and metamorphosis in R. venosa by regulating the metabolome and microbiome and further altering the digestive and neuroendocrine systems of R. venosa, which expands our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of metamorphosis in R. venosa. However, further studies are needed to explore the specific substance inducing metamorphosis released by juvenile oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Corresponding authors at: 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
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Liu HM, Ma LL, Li C, Cao B, Jiang Y, Han L, Xu R, Lin J, Zhang D. The molecular mechanism of chronic stress affecting the occurrence and development of breast cancer and potential drug therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101281. [PMID: 34875482 PMCID: PMC8652015 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the 2020 data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the world's most newly diagnosed first-time cancer. Compared with patients with other types of cancer, those with breast cancer experience greater mental stress and more severe psychological impacts because of the life-threatening diagnosis, physical changes, treatment side effects, and family and social life dysfunctions. These usually manifest as anxiety, depression, nervousness, and insomnia, all of which elicit stress responses. Particularly under chronic stress, the continuous release of neurotransmitters from the neuroendocrine system can have a highly profound impact on the occurrence and prognosis of breast cancer. However, because of the complex mechanisms underlying chronic stress and the variability in individual tolerance, evidence of the role of chronic stress in the occurrence and evolution of breast cancer remains unclear. This article reviewed previous research on the correlation between chronic stress and the occurrence and development of breast cancer, particularly the molecular mechanism through which chronic stress promotes breast cancer via neurotransmitters secreted by the nervous system. We also review the progress in the development of potential drugs or blockers for the treatment of breast cancer by targeting the neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Le-le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China; National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yifang Jiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Road Shierqiao, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Road Shierqiao, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Fritzsche S, Hunnekuhl VS. Cell-specific expression and individual function of prohormone convertase PC1/3 in Tribolium larval growth highlights major evolutionary changes between beetle and fly neuroendocrine systems. EvoDevo 2021; 12:9. [PMID: 34187565 PMCID: PMC8244231 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insect neuroendocrine system acts in the regulation of physiology, development and growth. Molecular evolution of this system hence has the potential to allow for major biological differences between insect groups. Two prohormone convertases, PC1/3 and PC2, are found in animals and both function in the processing of neuropeptide precursors in the vertebrate neurosecretory pathway. Whereas PC2-function is conserved between the fly Drosophila and vertebrates, ancestral PC1/3 was lost in the fly lineage and has not been functionally studied in any protostome. Results In order to understand its original functions and the changes accompanying the gene loss in the fly, we investigated PC1/3 and PC2 expression and function in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. We found that PC2 is broadly expressed in the nervous system, whereas surprisingly, PC1/3 expression is restricted to specific cell groups in the posterior brain and suboesophageal ganglion. Both proteases have parallel but non-redundant functions in adult beetles’ viability and fertility. Female infertility following RNAi is caused by a failure to deposit sufficient yolk to the developing oocytes. Larval RNAi against PC2 produced moulting defects where the larvae were not able to shed their old cuticle. This ecdysis phenotype was also observed in a small subset of PC1/3 knockdown larvae and was strongest in a double knockdown. Unexpectedly, most PC1/3-RNAi larvae showed strongly reduced growth, but went through larval moults despite minimal to zero weight gain. Conclusions The cell type-specific expression of PC1/3 and its essential requirement for larval growth highlight the important role of this gene within the insect neuroendocrine system. Genomic conservation in most insect groups suggests that it has a comparable individual function in other insects as well, which has been replaced by alternative mechanisms in flies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13227-021-00179-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Fritzsche
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vera S Hunnekuhl
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany.
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11
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Cui D, Jia S, Li T, Li D, Wang X, Liu X, Wang YF. Alleviation of brain injury by applying TGN-020 in the supraoptic nucleus via inhibiting vasopressin neurons in rats of focal ischemic stroke. Life Sci 2020; 264:118683. [PMID: 33127515 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To understand mechanisms underlying vasopressin hypersecretion in stroke and its association with brain injury, we investigated effects of blocking aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) on vasopressin neuronal activity and cerebral injuries in male rats of unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). MAIN METHODS Establishing MCAO model without or with microinjection of TGN-020 into the SON, performing Western blots and immunohistochemistry and analyzing the expression levels and spatial distribution of functional proteins in the SON and/or the cerebral cortex. KEY FINDINGS MCAO increased plasma vasopressin levels, caused neurological damage and increased glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) in the SON and the cortex of MCAO side. In the SON, MCAO significantly increased c-Fos in vasopressin neurons and astrocytic somata in the ventral glial lamina. MCAO significantly reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and AQP4 around vasopressin neurons, which accompanied separation of GFAP from AQP4. By contrast, blocking AQP4 by microinjection of TGN-020 into the SON blocked MCAO-evoked GSK-3β increase as well as the reduction of AQP4 relative to GFAP around vasopressin neurons in the SON. In the cortex, TGN-020 in the SON also blocked MCAO-evoked increase in GSK-3β while reduced neurological damages. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that MCAO disrupts interactions of GFAP with AQP4 in astrocytic processes in the SON, which increases vasopressin neuronal activity. Blocking AQP4 in the SON can block abnormal activation of vasopressin neurons and alleviate ischemic brain injury, which provides novel targets for alleviating ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwei Jia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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12
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Epelbaum J, Terrien J. Mini-review: Aging of the neuroendocrine system: Insights from nonhuman primate models. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109854. [PMID: 31891735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine system (NES) plays a crucial role in synchronizing the physiology and behavior of the whole organism in response to environmental constraints. The NES consists of a hypothalamic-pituitary-target organ axis that acts in coordination to regulate growth, reproduction, stress and basal metabolism. The growth (or somatotropic), hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes are therefore finely tuned by the hypothalamus through the successive release of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones to control the downstream physiological functions. These functions rely on a complex set of mechanisms requiring tight synchronization between peripheral organs and the hypothalamic-pituitary complex, whose functionality can be altered during aging. Here, we review the results of research on the effects of aging on the NES of nonhuman primate (NHP) species in wild and captive conditions. A focus on the age-related dysregulation of the master circadian pacemaker, which, in turn, alters the synchronization of the NES with the organism environment, is proposed. Finally, practical and ethical considerations of using NHP models to test the effects of nutrition-based or hormonal treatments to combat the deterioration of the NES are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 894 INSERM, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Terrien
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France.
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13
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Kraus S, Krüger O, Guenther A. Zebra finches bi-directionally selected for personality differ in repeatability of corticosterone and testosterone. Horm Behav 2020; 122:104747. [PMID: 32217065 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Consistent between-individual differences in behaviour have been documented across the animal kingdom. Such variation between individuals has been shown to be the basis for selection and to act as a pacemaker for evolutionary change. Recently, equivocal evidence suggests that such consistent between-individual variation is also present in hormones. This observation has sparked interest in understanding the mechanisms shaping individual differences, temporal consistency and heritability of hormonal phenotypes and to understand, if and to what extent hormonal mechanisms are involved in mediating consistent variation in behaviour between individuals. Here, we used zebra finches of the fourth generation of bi-directionally selected lines for three independent behaviours: aggression, exploration and fearlessness. We investigated how these behaviours responded to artificial selection and tested their repeatability. We further tested for repeatability of corticosterone and testosterone across and within lines. Moreover, we are presenting the decomposed variance components for within-individual variance (i.e. flexibility) and between-individual variance (i.e. more or less pronounced differences between individuals) and investigate their contribution to repeatability estimates. Both hormones as well as the exploration and fearlessness but not aggressiveness, were repeatable. However, variance components and hence repeatability differed between lines and were often lower than in unselected control animals, mainly because of a reduction in between-individual variance. Our data show that artificial selection (including active selection and genetic drift) can affect the mean and variance of traits. We stress the importance for understanding how variable a trait is both between and within individuals to assess the selective value of a trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kraus
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Germany.
| | - Oliver Krüger
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Germany.
| | - Anja Guenther
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.
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14
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van Donkelaar MMJ, Hoogman M, Shumskaya E, Buitelaar JK, Bralten J, Franke B. Monoamine and neuroendocrine gene-sets associate with frustration-based aggression in a gender-specific manner. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 30:75-86. [PMID: 29191428 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Investigating phenotypic heterogeneity in aggression and understanding the molecular biological basis of aggression subtypes may lead to new prevention and treatment options. In the current study, we evaluated the taxonomy of aggression and examined specific genetic mechanisms underlying aggression subtypes in healthy males and females. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to replicate a recently reported three-factor model of the Reactive Proactive Questionnaire (RPQ) in healthy adults (n = 661; median age 24.0 years; 41% male). Gene-set association analysis, aggregating common genetic variants within (a combination of) three molecular pathways previously implicated in aggression, i.e. serotonergic, dopaminergic, and neuroendocrine signaling, was conducted with MAGMA software in males and females separately (total n = 395) for aggression subtypes. We replicate the three-factor CFA model of the RPQ, and found males to score significantly higher on one of these factors compared to females: proactive aggression. The genetic association analysis showed a female-specific association of genetic variation in the combined gene-set with a different factor of the RPQ; reactive aggression due to internal frustration. Both the neuroendocrine and serotonergic gene-sets contributed significantly to this association. Our genetic findings are subtype- and sex-specific, stressing the value of efforts to reduce heterogeneity in research of aggression etiology. Importantly, subtype- and sex-differences in the underlying pathophysiology of aggression suggest that optimal treatment options will have to be tailored to the individual patient. Male and female needs of intervention might differ, stressing the need for sex-specific further research of aggression. Our work highlights opportunities for sample size maximization offered by population-based studies of aggression.
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Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a group of biologically and clinically heterogeneous neoplasms arising from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Although NETs may develop in almost any organ, they commonly arise in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas and are referred to as gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NETs when they arise from these sites. In recent years, advances in understanding of the biology of NETs have resulted in an expansion in treatment options and improved survival for patients. This review focuses on treatment of GEP-NETS and highlights factors that govern the therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Perez
- Program in Carcinoid and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Jennifer Chan
- Program in Carcinoid and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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16
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Cussotto S, Sandhu KV, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The Neuroendocrinology of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Behavioural Perspective. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 51:80-101. [PMID: 29753796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human gut harbours trillions of symbiotic bacteria that play a key role in programming different aspects of host physiology in health and disease. These intestinal microbes are also key components of the gut-brain axis, the bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the CNS is closely interconnected with the endocrine system to regulate many physiological processes. An expanding body of evidence is supporting the notion that gut microbiota modifications and/or manipulations may also play a crucial role in the manifestation of specific behavioural responses regulated by neuroendocrine pathways. In this review, we will focus on how the intestinal microorganisms interact with elements of the host neuroendocrine system to modify behaviours relevant to stress, eating behaviour, sexual behaviour, social behaviour, cognition and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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17
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Kannen V, Sakita JY, Carneiro ZA, Bader M, Alenina N, Teixeira RR, de Oliveira EC, Brunaldi MO, Gasparotto B, Sartori DC, Fernandes CR, Silva JS, Andrade MV, Silva WA, Uyemura SA, Garcia SB. Mast Cells and Serotonin Synthesis Modulate Chagas Disease in the Colon: Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1473-1484. [PMID: 29569002 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infects millions of Latin Americans each year and can induce chagasic megacolon. Little is known about how serotonin (5-HT) modulates this condition. Aim We investigated whether 5-HT synthesis alters T. cruzi infection in the colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight paraffin-embedded samples from normal colon and chagasic megacolon were histopathologically analyzed (173/2009). Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) knockout (KO) mice and c-KitW-sh mice underwent T. cruzi infection together with their wild-type counterparts. Also, mice underwent different drug treatments (16.1.1064.60.3). RESULTS In both humans and experimental mouse models, the serotonergic system was activated by T. cruzi infection (p < 0.05). While treating Tph1KO mice with 5-HT did not significantly increase parasitemia in the colon (p > 0.05), rescuing its synthesis promoted trypanosomiasis (p < 0.01). T. cruzi-related 5-HT release (p < 0.05) seemed not only to increase inflammatory signaling, but also to enlarge the pericryptal macrophage and mast cell populations (p < 0.01). Knocking out mast cells reduced trypanosomiasis (p < 0.01), although it did not further alter the neuroendocrine cell number and Tph1 expression (p > 0.05). Further experimentation revealed that pharmacologically inhibiting mast cell activity reduced colonic infection (p < 0.01). A similar finding was achieved when 5-HT synthesis was blocked in c-KitW-sh mice (p > 0.05). However, inhibiting mast cell activity in Tph1KO mice increased colonic trypanosomiasis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We show that mast cells may modulate the T. cruzi-related increase of 5-HT synthesis in the intestinal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Kannen
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Y Sakita
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Zumira A Carneiro
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Regina R Teixeira
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca Gasparotto
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Daniela C Sartori
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - João S Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Andrade
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wilson A Silva
- Department of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sergio A Uyemura
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Sérgio B Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Abstract
This review analyzes what could be regarded as the "clandestine organs" of the endocrine system: the gut microbiome, the immune system, and the stress system. The immune system is very closely related to the endocrine system, with many intertwined processes and signals. Many researchers now consider the microbiome as an 'organ' that affects the organism at many different levels. While stress is certainly not an organ, it affects so many processes, including endocrine-related processes, that the stress response system deserved a special section in this review. Understanding the connections, effects, and feedback mechanisms between the different "clandestine organs" and the endocrine system will provide us with a better understanding of how an organism functions, as well as reinforce the idea that there are no independent organs or systems, but a complex, interacting network of molecules, cells, tissues, signaling pathways, and mechanisms that constitute an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, United States.
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Ransome Y, Slopen N, Karlsson O, Williams DR. The association between alcohol abuse and neuroendocrine system dysregulation: Race differences in a National sample. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:313-321. [PMID: 28751021 PMCID: PMC5671340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Health outcomes, including chronic disease and mortality, attributed to or associated with alcohol abuse are discrepant between African Americans and Whites. To date, the topic is not fully understood and few studies conducted have used biomarker indicators of health. We investigated whether the association between alcohol abuse and biomarkers of the neuroendocrine system vary between black or African American and White respondents aged 34-84 from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) II (2004-2006) (n=1129). Alcohol abuse was assessed with a modified version of the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test. Ordinary least squared (OLS) regression was used to evaluate whether race moderated the associations between alcohol abuse and four biomarkers-urinary cortisol and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), epinephrine and norepinephrine-and two composite summary scores, each consisting of two components that characterize the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)-axis and sympathetic nervous systems (SNS), respectively. Covariates included age, sex, education, income, current drinking, smoking, exercise, fast food consumption, heart disease, blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, medication use, anxiety/depression, sleep duration, and cholesterol markers. Race significantly moderated the associations between alcohol abuse and norepinephrine concentration (χ2 [1]=4.48, p=0.034) and the SNS composite score (χ2 [1]=5.83, p=0.016). Alcohol abuse was associated with higher mean norepinephrine levels (b=0.26, standard error (SE)=0.12, p=0.034) and SNS composite score (b=0.23, SE=0.11, p=0.016) for African Americans compared to Whites. Interestingly, for Whites a paradoxical association between alcohol abuse, norepinephrine and SNS levels was observed; those who abused alcohol had lower mean norepinephrine levels than non-abusers. Race differences in neuroendocrine response could be biological pathways that contribute the excess risk of chronic disease and mortality attributed to alcohol abuse among African Americans compared to Whites. Replication of these analyses in larger cohorts are warranted in addition to further studies of underlying mechanisms among Blacks and Whites separately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oskar Karlsson
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Sweden and Uppsala University, Sweden
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Baldiviez LM, Keim NL, Laugero KD, Hwang DH, Huang L, Woodhouse LR, Burnett DJ, Zerofsky MS, Bonnel EL, Allen LH, Newman JW, Stephensen CB. Design and implementation of a cross-sectional nutritional phenotyping study in healthy US adults. BMC Nutr 2017; 3:79. [PMID: 32153856 PMCID: PMC7050916 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic imbalance is a key determinant of risk of chronic diseases. Metabolic health cannot be assessed solely by body mass calculations or by static, fasted state biochemical readouts. Although previous studies have described temporal responses to dietary challenges, these studies fail to assess the environmental factors associated with certain metabolic phenotypes and therefore, provide little scientific rationale for potentially effective intervention strategies. Methods/design In this phenotyping study of healthy US adults, we are evaluating lifestyle, biological and environmental factors in addition to metabolic parameters to determine the factors associated with variations in metabolic health. A series of practical fitness, dietary, and emotional challenges are introduced and temporal responses in various areas of specialization, including immunology, metabolomics, and endocrinology, are monitored. We expect that this study will identify key factors related to healthy or unhealthy metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) that may be modifiable targets for the prevention of chronic diseases in an individual. Discussion This study will provide novel insights into metabolic variability among healthy adults in balanced strata defined by sex, age and body mass index. Usual dietary intake and physical activity will be evaluated across these strata to determine how diet is associated with health status defined using many indicators including immune function, metabolism, body composition, physiology, response to exercise andmeal challenges and neuroendocrine assessment. A principal study goal is to identify dietary and other personal factors that will differentiate different levels of "health" among study participants. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02367287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey M Baldiviez
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Daniel H Hwang
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Liping Huang
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Leslie R Woodhouse
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Dustin J Burnett
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Melissa S Zerofsky
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA
| | - Ellen L Bonnel
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - John W Newman
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA.,NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, Davis, CA USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
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Musumeci G, Castorina S, Castrogiovanni P, Loreto C, Leonardi R, Aiello FC, Magro G, Imbesi R. A journey through the pituitary gland: Development, structure and function, with emphasis on embryo-foetal and later development. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:355-66. [PMID: 25858531 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary gland and the hypothalamus are morphologically and functionally associated in the endocrine and neuroendocrine control of other endocrine glands. They therefore play a key role in a number of regulatory feedback processes that co-ordinate the whole endocrine system. Here we review the neuroendocrine system, from the discoveries that led to its identification to some recently clarified embryological, functional, and morphological aspects. In particular we review the pituitary gland and the main notions related to its development, organization, cell differentiation, and vascularization. Given the crucial importance of the factors controlling neuroendocrine system development to understand parvocellular neuron function and the aetiology of the congenital disorders related to hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction, we also provide an overview of the molecular and genetic studies that have advanced our knowledge in the field. Through the action of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland is involved in the control of a broad range of key aspects of our lives: the review focuses on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, particularly GnRH, whose abnormal secretion is associated with clinical conditions involving delayed or absent puberty and reproductive dysfunction.
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Lee SWH, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Krieger JN. Acupuncture and immune function in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, controlled study. Complement Ther Med 2014; 22:965-9. [PMID: 25453515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immune system has been implicated as one mechanism underlying the benefits of acupuncture therapy. Evidence suggests that acupuncture can ameliorate symptoms of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), but the association between clinical response and the immune system has not been investigated. DESIGN/SETTING We investigated 12 CP/CPPS patients participating in a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing acupuncture versus sham acupuncture for effects on cellular immunity. Blood samples were taken before the first needling and after the last of 20 treatment sessions (week 10). Patients also completed questionnaires examining their CP/CPPS symptoms and mood status at the baseline and end of study visits. RESULTS At the end of study 8 of 12 participants (67%) were classified as treatment responders, four participants each from the acupuncture and sham groups. The acupuncture group averaged a 5% increase in natural killer cell levels compared to corresponding sham (-13%; p=0.03). Similarly, patients randomized to acupuncture reported a reduction in other white blood cell parameters examined, supporting the possibility that immunity might be important in the pathophysiology of CP/CPPS. CONCLUSIONS The specific effect of acupuncture on CP/CPPS remains unclear. Further research is warranted to examine the mechanisms by which acupuncture therapy may improve clinical symptoms in patients with CP/CPPS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00260637).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Wen Huey Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Men Long Liong
- Department of Urology, Island Hospital, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kah Hay Yuen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
| | - John N Krieger
- Department of Urological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, 98108 WA, USA.
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Losada AP, Bermúdez R, Faílde LD, Di Giancamillo A, Domeneghini C, Quiroga MI. Effects of Enteromyxum scophthalmi experimental infection on the neuroendocrine system of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 40:577-583. [PMID: 25134847 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Enteromyxum scophthalmi is an intestinal myxosporean parasite responsible for serious outbreaks in turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.) culture, in North-western Spain. The disease affects the digestive tract, provokes severe catarrhal enteritis, emaciation and high rates of mortality. The digestive parasitization triggers a response with the coordinate participation of immune and neuroendocrine systems through the action of peptides released by enteroendocrine cells and present in nervous elements, acting as neuro-immune modulators. The present study was designed to assess the response of the turbot neuroendocrine system against E. scophthalmi infection. Immunohistochemical tests were applied to sections of the gastrointestinal tract of uninfected and E. scophthalmi-infected turbot to characterize the presence of bombesin (BOM), glucagon (GLUC), somatostatin (SOM), leu-enkephalin (LEU) and met-enkephalin (MET). The occurrence of E. scophthalmi in the turbot gastrointestinal tract increased the number of enteroendocrine cells immunoreactive to SOM, LEU and MET. On the other hand, BOM and GLUC immunoreactive cells were less numerous in the gastrointestinal tract of the parasitized turbot. Scarce immunoreactivity to BOM, GLUC and SOM was observed in nerve fibres and neurons of the myenteric plexus of control and infected fish. The results indicate that E. scophthalmi infection in turbot induced changes in the neuroendocrine system, with the diminution of the anorexigenic peptides BOM and GLUC; the increase of enkephalins, related to pro-inflammatory processes; and the increase of SOM, which may cause inhibitory effects on the immune response, constituting a compensatory mechanism to the exacerbated response observed in E. scophthalmi-infected turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Losada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - R Bermúdez
- Department of Anatomy and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - L D Faílde
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - A Di Giancamillo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Domeneghini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M I Quiroga
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Ogłodek E, Szota A, Just M, Moś D, Araszkiewicz A. The role of the neuroendocrine and immune systems in the pathogenesis of depression. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:776-81. [PMID: 25149980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of depression is associated with the body's response to prolonged stress, which adversely affects the functioning of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Prolonged stress can lead to the development of a so-called allostatic load and reduction of concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These changes result in impairment of neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling process. This article illustrates the involvement of key mediators of allostasis such as the neuroendocrine and immune systems, in the pathogenesis of depression. The literature concerning the contribution of the neuroendocrine and immune systems to depression incidence was reviewed. Development of depression is associated with disturbance of the body's allostasis and inflammatory activation of the immune system. It leads to a chronic increase in the concentration of cortisol and proinflammatory cytokines, which results in an allostatic load. This load leads to neurodegeneration, eventually causing irreversible cognitive impairment and permanent disability. Determination of the concentration of chemokines and their receptors is an important indicator of activation of the immune and neuroendocrine systems. The activity of these systems reflects the severity of the disease and provides important information for effective antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ogłodek
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
| | - Anna Szota
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Marek Just
- Piekary Medical Centre, Department of General Surgery, Municipal Hospital in Piekary Śląskie, Poland
| | - Danuta Moś
- Health Care Centre Euro-Med Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksander Araszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
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