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Nardone OM, Zammarchi I, Santacroce G, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Inflammation-Driven Colorectal Cancer Associated with Colitis: From Pathogenesis to Changing Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082389. [PMID: 37190315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a two-fold higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) than the general population. IBD-related CRC follows a different genetic and molecular pathogenic pathway than sporadic CRC and can be considered a complication of chronic intestinal inflammation. Since inflammation is recognised as an independent risk factor for neoplastic progression, clinicians strive to modulate and control disease, often using potent therapy agents to achieve mucosal healing and decrease the risk of colorectal cancer in IBD patients. Improved therapeutic control of inflammation, combined with endoscopic advances and early detection of pre-cancerous lesions through surveillance programs, explains the lower incidence rate of IBD-related CRC. In addition, current research is increasingly focused on translating emerging and advanced knowledge in microbiome and metagenomics into personalised, early, and non-invasive CRC screening tools that guide organ-sparing therapy in IBD patients. This review aims to summarise the existing literature on IBD-associated CRC, focusing on new insights into the alteration of the intestinal barrier and the interactions with the gut microbiome as the initial promoter. In addition, the role of OMIC techniques for precision medicine and the impact of the available IBD therapeutic armamentarium on the evolution to CRC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Maria Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Zammarchi
- Department of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- Department of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
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Okuma Y, Morikawa K, Tanaka H, Yokoyama T, Itani H, Horiuchi K, Nakagawa H, Takahashi N, Bessho A, Soejima K, Kishi K, Togashi A, Kanai Y, Ueda K, Horimoto K, Matsutani N, Seki N. Prospective exosome-focused translational research for afatinib study of non-small cell lung cancer patients expressing EGFR (EXTRA study). Thorac Cancer 2018; 10:395-400. [PMID: 30536780 PMCID: PMC6360199 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibit resistance to EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) within 9–14 months of therapy. Recently, EGFR‐mutated NSCLC has demonstrated the potential for heterogeneity; therefore, the manner of clonal heterogeneity may impact the duration of progression‐free and overall survival and other parameters affecting EGFR‐TKI treatment efficacy. However no predictive biomarker of these favorable treatment efficacies has been identified to date. The exosome‐focused translational research for afatinib (EXTRA) study aims to identify a novel predictive biomarker and a resistance marker for afatinib by analyzing data from association studies of the clinical efficacy of afatinib and four “OMICs” (genomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics) using peripheral blood from patients treated with afatinib. This study aims to: (i) conduct comprehensive multi‐OMIC analyses in a prospective clinical trial, and (ii) focus on both sera/plasma and exosome as a source for OMIC analyses to identify a novel predictor of the efficacy of a specific drug. To eliminate the carryover bias of prior treatment, systemic treatment‐naïve patients were enrolled. The candidates to be screened for biomarkers comprise a discovery cohort of 60 patients and an independent validation cohort of 40 patients. The EXTRA study is the first trial to screen novel biomarkers of longer treatment efficacy of EGFR‐TKIs using four‐OMICs analyses, focusing on both “naked or free” molecules and “capsulated” exosomal components in serially collected peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okuma
- Departments of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Morikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takuma Yokoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Itani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuya Horiuchi
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Hirosaki Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Takahashi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Bessho
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenzo Soejima
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Togashi
- Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.,Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Realization of Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Horimoto
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsutani
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Seki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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