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Ofiti NOE, Huguet A, Hanson PJ, Wiesenberg GLB. Peatland warming influences the abundance and distribution of branched tetraether lipids: Implications for temperature reconstruction. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171666. [PMID: 38490418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial membrane lipids whose distribution in peatland soils serves as an important proxy for past climate changes due to strong linear correlations with temperature in modern environments. However, commonly used brGDGT-based temperature models are characterized by high uncertainty (ca. 4 °C) and these calibrations can show implausible correlations when applied at an ecosystem level. This lack of accuracy is often attributed to our limited understanding of the exact mechanisms behind the relationship between brGDGTs and temperature and the potential effect of temperature-independent factors on brGDGT distribution. Here, we examine the abundance and distribution of brGDGTs in a boreal peatland after four years of in-situ warming (+0, +2.25, +4.5, +6.75 and +9 °C). We observed that with warming, concentrations of total brGDGTs increased. Furthermore, we determined a shift in brGDGT distribution in the surface aerobic layers of the acrotelm (0-30 cm depth), whereas no detectable change was observed at deeper anaerobic depths (>40 cm), possibly due to limited microbial activity. The response of brGDGTs to warming was also reflected by a strong increase in the methylation index of 5-methyl brGDGTs (MBT'5Me), classically used as a temperature proxy. Further, the relationship between the MBT'5Me index and soil temperature differed between 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth, highlighting depth-specific response of brGDGTs to warming, which should be considered in paleoenvironmental and paleoecological studies. As the bacterial community composition was generally unaltered, the rapid changes in brGDGT distribution argue for a physiological adaptation of the microorganisms producing these lipids. Finally, soil temperature and water table depth were better predictors of brGDGT concentration and distribution, highlighting the potential for these drivers to impact brGDGT-based proxies. To summarize, our results provide insights on the response of brGDGT source microorganisms to soil warming and underscore brGDGTs as viable temperature proxies for better understanding of climatic perturbation in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O E Ofiti
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France, ENS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France.
| | - Arnaud Huguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris, France
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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2
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Noskov YA, Manasypov RM, Ermolaeva NI, Antonets DV, Shirokova LS, Pokrovsky OS. Environmental factors controlling seasonal and spatial variability of zooplankton in thermokarst lakes along a permafrost gradient of Western Siberia. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171284. [PMID: 38432389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Humic thermokarst lakes of permafrost peatlands in Western Siberia Lowland (WSL) are major environmental controllers of carbon and nutrient storage in inland waters and greenhouse gases emissions to the atmosphere in the subarctic. In contrast to sizable former research devoted to hydrochemical and hydrobiological (phytoplankton) composition, zooplankton communities of these thermokarst lakes and thaw ponds remain poorly understood, especially along the latitudinal gradient, which is a perfect predictor of permafrost zones. To fill this gap, 69 thermokarst lakes of the WSL were sampled using unprecedented spatial coverage, from continuous to sporadic permafrost zone, in order to assess zooplankton (Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera) diversity and abundance across three main open water physiological seasons (spring, summer and autumn). We aimed at assessing the relationship of environmental factors (water column hydrochemistry, nutrients, and phytoplankton parameters) with the abundance and diversity of zooplankton. A total of 74 zooplankton species and taxa were detected, with an average eight taxa per lake/pond. Species richness increased towards the north and reached the maximum in the continuous permafrost zone with 13 species found in this zone only. In contrast, the number of species per waterbody decreased towards the north, which was mainly associated with a decrease in the number of cladocerans. Abundance and diversity of specific zooplankton groups strongly varied across the seasons and permafrost zones. Among the main environmental controllers, Redundancy Analysis revealed that water temperature, lake area, depth, pH, Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon and CO2 concentrations were closely related to zooplankton abundance. Cladocerans were positively related to water temperature during all seasons. Copepods were positively related to depth and lake water pH in all seasons. Rotifers were related to different factors in each season, but were most strongly associated with DOC, depth, CH4, phytoplankton and cladoceran abundance. Under climate warming scenario, considering water temperature increase and permafrost boundary shift northward, one can expect an increase in the diversity and abundance of cladocerans towards the north which can lead to partial disappearance of copepods, especially rare calanoid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Noskov
- Biological Institute, BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin av., 634050 Tomsk, Russia; Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, 11 Frunze str., 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Rinat M Manasypov
- Biological Institute, BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin av., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda I Ermolaeva
- Institute for Water and Environmental Problems SB RAS, 1 Molodezhnaya str., 656038 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Denis V Antonets
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila S Shirokova
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Institute of Ecological Problem of the North, 23 Nab. Severnoi Dviny, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Pokrovsky
- GET UMR 5563 CNRS University of Toulouse (France), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France.
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Christiani P, Rana P, Räsänen A, Pitkänen TP, Tolvanen A. Detecting Spatial Patterns of Peatland Greenhouse Gas Sinks and Sources with Geospatial Environmental and Remote Sensing Data. Environ Manage 2024:10.1007/s00267-024-01965-7. [PMID: 38563987 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Peatlands play a key role in the circulation of the main greenhouse gases (GHG) - methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Therefore, detecting the spatial pattern of GHG sinks and sources in peatlands is pivotal for guiding effective climate change mitigation in the land use sector. While geospatial environmental data, which provide detailed spatial information on ecosystems and land use, offer valuable insights into GHG sinks and sources, the potential of directly using remote sensing data from satellites remains largely unexplored. We predicted the spatial distribution of three major GHGs (CH4, CO2, and N2O) sinks and sources across Finland. Utilizing 143 field measurements, we compared the predictive capacity of three different data sets with MaxEnt machine-learning modeling: (1) geospatial environmental data including climate, topography and habitat variables, (2) remote sensing data (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2), and (3) a combination of both. The combined dataset yielded the highest accuracy with an average test area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.845 and AUC stability of 0.928. A slightly lower accuracy was achieved using only geospatial environmental data (test AUC 0.810, stability AUC 0.924). In contrast, using only remote sensing data resulted in reduced predictive accuracy (test AUC 0.763, stability AUC 0.927). Our results suggest that (1) reliable estimates of GHG sinks and sources cannot be produced with remote sensing data only and (2) integrating multiple data sources is recommended to achieve accurate and realistic predictions of GHG spatial patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvez Rana
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | - Aleksi Räsänen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo P Pitkänen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
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Wang Y, Xue D, Chen X, Qiu Q, Chen H. Structure and Functions of Endophytic Bacterial Communities Associated with Sphagnum Mosses and Their Drivers in Two Different Nutrient Types of Peatlands. Microb Ecol 2024; 87:47. [PMID: 38407642 PMCID: PMC10896819 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sphagnum mosses are keystone plant species in the peatland ecosystems that play a crucial role in the formation of peat, which shelters a broad diversity of endophytic bacteria with important ecological functions. In particular, methanotrophic and nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria benefit Sphagnum moss hosts by providing both carbon and nitrogen. However, the composition and abundance of endophytic bacteria from different species of Sphagnum moss in peatlands of different nutrient statuses and their drivers remain unclear. This study used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to examine endophytic bacterial communities in Sphagnum mosses and measured the activity of methanotrophic microbial by the 13C-CH4 oxidation rate. According to the results, the endophytic bacterial community structure varied among Sphagnum moss species and Sphagnum capillifolium had the highest endophytic bacterial alpha diversity. Moreover, chlorophyll, phenol oxidase, carbon contents, and water retention capacity strongly shaped the communities of endophytic bacteria. Finally, Sphagnum palustre in Hani (SP) had a higher methane oxidation rate than S. palustre in Taishanmiao. This result is associated with the higher average relative abundance of Methyloferula an obligate methanotroph in SP. In summary, this work highlights the effects of Sphagnum moss characteristics on the endophytic bacteriome. The endophytic bacteriome is important for Sphagnum moss productivity, as well as for carbon and nitrogen cycles in Sphagnum moss peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China.
| | - Xuhui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China.
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Balliston N, Sutton O, Price J. Solute depletion and reduced hydrological connectivity in subarctic patterned peatlands disturbed by mine dewatering. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169442. [PMID: 38157899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Patterned bog and fen peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, which form one of the largest continuous peatland complexes in the world, are globally significant stores of carbon and important water conveyance and storage features on the landscape. However, expansion of resource exploration and extraction combined with warmer temperatures associated with climate change may result in reduced water availability to these peatland complexes, potentially disrupting peatland hydrological connectivity and hydrogeochemical cycling. A case study on the effects of reduced water availability on peatland hydrological and geochemical function was conducted near the De Beers Victor Diamond Mine, located 90 km west of Attawapiskat. Active dewatering occurred here over a 12-year period (2007-2019) during which a 1.5 km transect was monitored within the mine impacted radius. Hydrological (streamflow and groundwater levels) and chemical (porewater and surface water samples) parameters were collected at the impacted transect and two nearby unimpacted reference sites. Results demonstrated that impacted peatlands had depleted water storage and spent an average of 50 % less time hydrologically connected than unimpacted peatlands. By the end of the study period, increasingly depleted water storage within the dewatering radius resulted in disproportionately lower flowrates in two tributaries downgradient of the mine-impacted peatlands when compared with the reference sites. Moreover, diminished water storage allowed solute-depleted precipitation to reach greater depths within the peat profile, while stronger downwards gradients suppressed upwards flow into fens, limiting the amount of solute-enriched water reaching the surface. The recovery of fen solute concentrations will be a prolonged process (i.e., decades to centuries) due to the slow rate of upwards diffusion, which may result in the transition of these systems towards ombrotrophic bogs. Further studies should focus on the susceptibility of these impacted systems to further reductions in water availability due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Balliston
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Owen Sutton
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Price
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
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Peng H, Nijp JJ, Ratcliffe JL, Li C, Hong B, Lidberg W, Zeng M, Mauquoy D, Bishop K, Nilsson MB. Climatic controls on the dynamic lateral expansion of northern peatlands and its potential implication for the 'anomalous' atmospheric CH 4 rise since the mid-Holocene. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168450. [PMID: 37967626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamic changes in peatland area during the Holocene is essential for unraveling the connections between northern peatland development and global carbon budgets. However, studies investigating the centennial to millennial-scale process of peatland expansion and its climate and environmental drivers are still limited. In this study, we present a reconstruction of the peatland area and lateral peatland expansion rate of a peatland complex in northern Sweden since the mid-Holocene, based on Ground Penetrating Radar measurements of peat thickness supported by radiocarbon (14C) dates from four peat cores. Based on this analysis, lateral expansion of the peatland followed a northwest-southeast directionality, constrained by the undulating post-glacial topography. The areal extent of peat has increased non-linearly since the mid-Holocene, and the peatland lateral expansion rate has generally been on the rise, with intensified expansion occurring after around 3500 cal yr BP. Abrupt declines in lateral expansion rates were synchronized with the decreases in total solar irradiance superimposed on the millennial ice-rafted debris events in the northern high latitudes. Supported by the temporal evolution of peatland extent in four other Fennoscandian peatlands, it appears that the northern peatland areal extent during the early to middle Holocene was much smaller compared to previous empirical model reconstructions based on basal age compilations. Interestingly, our reconstruction shows the increments of peat area since the mid-Holocene coincide with the rise in atmospheric CH4 concentration, and that abrupt variations in atmospheric CH4 on decadal to centennial timescales could be synchronized with peatland lateral expansion rates. Based on our analysis we put forward the hypothesis that lateral expansion of northern peatlands is a significant driver of dynamics in the late Holocene atmospheric CH4 budget. We strongly urge for more empirical data to quantify lateral expansion rates and test such hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, China; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jelmer J Nijp
- KWR Water Research Institute, Ecohydrology Group, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Wageningen University, Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua L Ratcliffe
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chuxian Li
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - William Lidberg
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mengxiu Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Dmitri Mauquoy
- School Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala 12, Sweden
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Gałka M, Diaconu AC, Cwanek A, Hedenäs L, Knorr KH, Kołaczek P, Łokas E, Obremska M, Swindles GT, Feurdean A. Climate-induced hydrological fluctuations shape Arctic Alaskan peatland plant communities. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167381. [PMID: 37769738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly increasing temperatures in high-latitude regions are causing major changes in wetland ecosystems. To assess the impact of concomitant hydroclimatic fluctuations, mineral deposition, and autogenous succession on the rate and direction of changing arctic plant communities in Arctic Alaska, we conducted detailed palaeoecological analyses using plant macrofossil, pollen, testate amoebae, elemental analyses, and radiocarbon and lead (210Pb) dating on two replicate monoliths from a peatland that developed in a river valley on the northern foothills of the Books Range. We observed an expansion of Sphagnum populations and vascular plants preferring dry habitats, such as Sphagnum warnstorfii, Sphagnum teres/squarrosum, Polytrichum strictum, Aulacomnium palustre and Salix sp., in recent decades between 2000 and 2015 CE, triggered by an increase in temperature and deepening water tables. Deepening peatland water tables became accentuated over the last two decades, when it reached its lowest point in the last 700 years. Conversely, a higher water-table between ca. 1500 and 1950 CE led to a recession of Sphagnum communities and an expansion of sedges. The almost continuous supply of mineral matter during this time led to a dominance of minerotrophic plant communities, although with varying species composition throughout the study period. The replicate cores show similar patterns, but nuanced differences are also visible, depicting fine spatial scale differences particularly in peat-forming plant distribution and the different timings of their presence. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the impact of hydroclimatic fluctuations on peatland vegetation in Arctic Alaska, highlighting their tendency to dry out in recent decades. It also highlights the importance of river valley peatlands in paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gałka
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Conservation, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łodz, Poland.
| | | | - Anna Cwanek
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Lars Hedenäs
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus-Holger Knorr
- University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Ecohydrology & Biogeochemistry Group, Heisenbergstr 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Piotr Kołaczek
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Łokas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Milena Obremska
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Graeme T Swindles
- Geography, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelica Feurdean
- Babes-Bolyai University, Department of Geology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Goethe University, Institute of Physical Geography, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Treby S, Grover SP. Carbon emissions from Australian Sphagnum peatlands increase with feral horse (Equus caballus) presence. J Environ Manage 2023; 347:119034. [PMID: 37832263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are globally significant carbon sinks, but when disturbed, have the potential to release carbon back to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases. Feral horse populations in the Australian Alps degrade Sphagnum peatlands, which are highly sensitive to disturbance. However, the link between this degradation and peatland carbon cycling is not understood. Here, we compared the autumn daytime carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes of 12 alpine and subalpine Sphagnum peatlands in Kosciuszko National Park, Australia. The presence of feral horses at these sites was correlated with higher carbon loss: sites with horses were losing carbon to the atmosphere (4.83 and 8.18 g CO2-e m-2 d-1 in areas of Sphagnum moss and bare soil, respectively), whereas sites without horses were removing carbon from the atmosphere (-6.39 g CO2-e m-2 d-1). Sites with feral horses also had higher soil bulk density, temperature, and electrical conductivity (EC), and higher water pH, EC, and turbidity, than sites without horses. Our findings suggest that excluding feral horses from peatland areas could reduce rates of carbon loss to the atmosphere, in addition to improving overall site condition, peat soil condition, and water quality. We discuss potential management applications, further research, and restoration opportunities arising from these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Treby
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.
| | - Samantha P Grover
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
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Nielsen CK, Elsgaard L, Jørgensen U, Lærke PE. Soil greenhouse gas emissions from drained and rewetted agricultural bare peat mesocosms are linked to geochemistry. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165083. [PMID: 37391135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In view of climate considerations regarding the management of peatlands, there is a need to assess whether rewetting can mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and notably how site-specific soil-geochemistry will influence differences in emission magnitudes. However, there are inconsistent results regarding the correlation of soil properties with heterotrophic respiration (Rh) of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from bare peat. In this study, we determined 1) soil-, and site-specific geochemical components as drivers for emissions from Rh on five Danish fens and bogs, and 2) emission magnitudes under drained and rewetted conditions. For this, a mesocosm experiment was performed under equal exposure to climatic conditions and water table depths controlled to either -40 cm, or -5 cm. For the drained soils, we found that annual cumulative emissions, accounting for all three gases, were dominated by CO2, contributing with, on average, 99 % to a varying global warming potential (GWP) of 12.2-16.9 t CO2eq ha-1 yr-1. Rewetting lowered annual cumulative emissions from Rh by 3.2-5.1 t CO2eq ha-1 yr-1 for fens and bogs, respectively, despite a high variability of site-specific CH4 emissions, contributing with 0.3-3.4 t CO2 ha-1 yr-1 to the GWP. Overall, analyses using generalized additive models (GAM) showed that emission magnitudes were well explained by geochemical variables. Under drained conditions, significant soil-specific predictor variables for CO2 flux magnitudes were pH, phosphorus (P), and the soil substrate's relative water holding capacity (WHC). When rewetted, CO2 and CH4 emissions from Rh were affected by pH, WHC, as well as contents of P, total carbon and nitrogen. In conclusion, our results found the highest GHG reduction on fen peatlands, further highlighting that peat nutrient status and acidity, and the potential availability of alternative electron acceptors, might be used as proxies for prioritising peatland areas for GHG mitigation efforts by rewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Nielsen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - L Elsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - U Jørgensen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - P E Lærke
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Denmark
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10
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Stelling JM, Slesak RA, Windmuller-Campione MA, Grinde A. Effects of stand age, tree species, and climate on water table fluctuations and estimated evapotranspiration in managed peatland forests. J Environ Manage 2023; 339:117783. [PMID: 37058930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lowland conifer forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) typically occur in peatlands in the boreal North American forest with near-surface water tables throughout the year. These forests are ecologically and economically important resources that may be impacted by climate change. However, information characterizing effects of forest disturbance, such as even-aged harvest on water table dynamics is needed to evaluate which forest tree species cover types are most hydrologically susceptible to even-aged harvest and changes in precipitation. We used a chronosequence approach to evaluate water table fluctuations and evapotranspiration across four stand age classes (<10, 15-30, 40-80, and >100-years old) and three distinct forest cover types (productive black spruce, stagnant black spruce, and tamarack) for a period of three years in Minnesota, USA. In general, there is limited evidence for elevated water tables in the younger age classes; the <10-year age class had no significant difference in mean weekly water table depth compared to the older age classes across all cover types. Estimated actual daily evapotranspiration (ET) generally agreed with the water table observations, with the exception of the tamarack cover type where ET was significantly lower in the <10-year age class. Productive black spruce sites that are 40-80-years old had higher evapotranspiration, and lower water table, possibly reflecting increased transpiration associated with the stem exclusion stage of stand development. Tamarack in the 40-80-year age class had higher water tables but no difference in ET compared to all other age classes, indicating that other external factors are driving higher water tables in that age class. To evaluate susceptibility to changing climate, we also assessed the sensitivity and response of water table dynamics to pronounced differences in growing season precipitation that occurred across study years. In general, tamarack forests are more sensitive to changes in precipitation compared to the two black spruce forest cover types. These findings can inform expected responses of site hydrology for a range of precipitation scenarios that may occur under future climate and be used by forest managers to evaluate hydrologic impacts of forest management activities across lowland conifer forest cover types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Stelling
- University of Minnesota, Department of Soil Water and Climate, Twin Cities, USA.
| | - R A Slesak
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia WA, 98512, USA.
| | | | - Alexis Grinde
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA.
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11
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Daun C, Huth V, Gaudig G, Günther A, Krebs M, Jurasinski G. Full-cycle greenhouse gas balance of a Sphagnum paludiculture site on former bog grassland in Germany. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162943. [PMID: 36934933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing Sphagnum on rewetted bogs (=Sphagnum paludiculture) is an alternative to drainage-based land use because it retains its value as productive land while mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, studies on GHG exchange covering the full production system and cycle are missing. Here, we combined data of the establishment phase with newly recorded data of a 7-year old Sphagnum paludiculture site in Germany including partial Sphagnum harvest. GHGs were measured with closed chambers at all elements of the system (production fields, ditches, causeways). Over the full production cycle, the production fields were GHG sinks with -3.2 ± 4.2 t ha-1 a-1 (in CO2-eq), while ditches represented sources emitting 13.8 ± 11.5 t ha-1 a-1. New measurements on the causeway indicated that it was a stronger GHG source with 29.3 ± 9.8 t ha-1 a-1 than previously assumed from literature values. Corrected for the area share of its elements and including the partial Sphagnum harvest (in dry mass) of ~13.8 ± 0.6 t ha-1 (=average 7-year CO2 emissions of 3.3 ± 0.1 t ha-1 a-1), the site was a GHG source of 10.7 ± 4.6 t ha-1 a-1, thus reducing emissions by ~20 t ha-1 a-1 compared to the German emission factor for grassland on drained organic soils. Per ton harvested dry biomass, the paludiculture site emitted 9.9 ± 4.6 t of CO2-eq. The causeways were the major contributor to the warming, calling for reducing causeway area in Sphagnum paludicultures. Future 'best-practice' could realistically comprise areal shares of 80 % production fields, 5 % ditches, 15 % causeways and a full Sphagnum harvest with the uppermost 5 cm remaining on site for recovery. In this scenario the site would emit CO2-eq emissions of 4.3 ± 1.9 t ha-1 a-1 or 0.9 ± 2.1 t per ton harvested dry mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Daun
- University of Rostock, Landscape Ecology, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Germany
| | - Vytas Huth
- University of Rostock, Grassland and Fodder Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Germany.
| | - Greta Gaudig
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology (partner of the Greifswald Mire Centre), Soldmannstraße 15, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Günther
- Federal State Agency for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology, Goldberger Straße 12b, 18273 Güstrow, Germany
| | - Matthias Krebs
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology (partner of the Greifswald Mire Centre), Soldmannstraße 15, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerald Jurasinski
- University of Rostock, Landscape Ecology, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Germany
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12
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Mozafari B, Bruen M, Donohue S, Renou-Wilson F, O'Loughlin F. Peatland dynamics: A review of process-based models and approaches. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162890. [PMID: 36933711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite peatlands' important feedbacks on the climate and global biogeochemical cycles, predicting their dynamics involves many uncertainties and an overwhelming variety of available models. This paper reviews the most widely used process-based models for simulating peatlands' dynamics, i.e., the exchanges of energy and mass (water, carbon, and nitrogen). 'Peatlands' here refers to mires, fens, bogs, and peat swamps both intact and degraded. Using a systematic search (involving 4900 articles), 45 models were selected that appeared at least twice in the literature. The models were classified into four categories: terrestrial ecosystem models (biogeochemical and global dynamic vegetation models, n = 21), hydrological models (n = 14), land surface models (n = 7), and eco-hydrological models (n = 3), 18 of which featured "peatland-specific" modules. By analysing their corresponding publications (n = 231), we identified their proven applicability domains (hydrology and carbon cycles dominated) for different peatland types and climate zones (northern bogs and fens dominated). The studies range in scale from small plots to global, and from single events to millennia. Following a FOSS (Free Open-Source Software) and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) assessment, the number of models was reduced to 12. Then, we conducted a technical review of the approaches and associated challenges, as well as the basic aspects of each model, e.g., spatiotemporal resolution, input/output data format and modularity. Our review streamlines the process of model selection and highlights: (i) standardization and coordination are required for both data exchange and model calibration/validation to facilitate intercomparison studies; and (ii) there are overlaps in the models' scopes and approaches, making it imperative to fully optimize the strengths of existing models rather than creating redundant ones. In this regard, we provide a futuristic outlook for a 'peatland community modelling platform' and suggest an international peatland modelling intercomparison project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mozafari
- School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Michael Bruen
- School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shane Donohue
- School of Civil Engineering and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Florence Renou-Wilson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre-West, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fiachra O'Loughlin
- School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Chen X, Xue D, Wang Y, Qiu Q, Wu L, Wang M, Liu J, Chen H. Variations in the archaeal community and associated methanogenesis in peat profiles of three typical peatland types in China. Environ Microbiome 2023; 18:48. [PMID: 37280702 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peatlands contain about 500 Pg of carbon worldwide and play a dual role as both a carbon sink and an important methane (CH4) source, thereby potentially influencing climate change. However, systematic studies on peat properties, microorganisms, methanogenesis, and their interrelations in peatlands remain limited, especially in China. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the physicochemical properties, archaeal community, and predominant methanogenesis pathways in three typical peatlands in China, namely Hani (H), Taishanmiao (T), and Ruokeba (R) peatlands, and quantitively determine their CH4 production potentials. RESULTS These peatlands exhibited high water content (WC) and total carbon content (TC), as well as low pH values. In addition, R exhibited a lower dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC), as well as higher total iron content (TFe) and pH values compared to those observed in T. There were also clear differences in the archaeal community between the three peatlands, especially in the deep peat layers. The average relative abundance of the total methanogens ranged from 10 to 12%, of which Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales were the most abundant in peat samples (8%). In contrast, Methanobacteriales were mainly distributed in the upper peat layer (0-40 cm). Besides methanogens, Marine Benthic Group D/Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeotic Group 1 (MBG-D/DHVEG-1), Nitrosotaleales, and several other orders of Bathyarchaeota also exhibited high relative abundances, especially in T. This finding might be due to the unique geological conditions, suggesting high archaeal diversity in peatlands. In addition, the highest and lowest CH4 production potentials were 2.38 and 0.22 μg g-1 d-1 in H and R, respectively. The distributions of the dominant methanogens were consistent with the respective methanogenesis pathways in the three peatlands. The pH, DOC, and WC were strongly correlated with CH4 production potentials. However, no relationship was found between CH4 production potential and methanogens, suggesting that CH4 production in peatlands may not be controlled by the relative abundance of methanogens. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study provide further insights into CH4 production in peatlands in China, highlighting the importance of the archaeal community and peat physicochemical properties for studies on methanogenesis in distinct types of peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Wu
- School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- SQE Department, COFCO Coca-Cola Beverages (Sichuan) Company Limited, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Huai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
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Sudarningsih S, Pratama A, Bijaksana S, Fahruddin F, Zanuddin A, Salim A, Abdillah H, Rusnadi M, Mariyanto M. Magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal contents in sediments of Riam Kiwa, Riam Kanan and Martapura rivers, Kalimantan Selatan province, Indonesia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16425. [PMID: 37274690 PMCID: PMC10238698 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kalimantan Selatan is proud of the Martapura River's natural and cultural history. Martapura tributaries include Riam Kanan and Kiwa. The Martapura River is essential because it provides clean water and a livelihood for riverside residents. Human-caused river pollution grows with population density (also known as anthropogenic pollutants). This study characterizes surface sediment magnetic characteristics and heavy metal contents along the Riam Kanan, Riam Kiwa, and Martapura rivers. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the magnetic signal with respect to heavy metal contents found in surface sediments taken from rivers and to confirm the use of the rock magnetism method in environmental studies in the study area. Surface sediment samples were gathered and tested for magnetic, heavy metal, and mineralogical content. According to the findings, the pseudo-single domain (PSD) magnetite mineral predominates among the magnetic minerals that can be found in the surface sediments of the rivers Riam Kanan, Riam Kiwa, and Martapura. This substantially greater grain size may be due to magnetic particles produced by erosion along the river banks. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility of surface sediments ranges from 103.11 to 1403.64 × 10-8 m3/kg, with an average value of 355.67 × 10-8 m3/kg due to the peatland environment. Magnetic susceptibility strongly negatively correlates with heavy contents like Cu, Zn, and Hg, according to Pearson correlation analysis. Due to this correlation, magnetic susceptibility may indicate heavy metal pollution in certain rivers. This current study demonstrates the novelty of the relationship between magnetic susceptibility and the contents of heavy metals in surface sediments from rivers in peatland and tropical environments by illustrating how the relationship affects the magnetic susceptibility of the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarningsih Sudarningsih
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, 70124, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Geological Disaster, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Pratama
- Research Centre for Geological Disaster, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Satria Bijaksana
- Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fahruddin Fahruddin
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, 70124, Indonesia
| | - Andi Zanuddin
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, 70124, Indonesia
| | - Abdus Salim
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, 70124, Indonesia
| | - Habib Abdillah
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, 70124, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Rusnadi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, 70124, Indonesia
| | - Mariyanto Mariyanto
- Faculty of Civil, Environmental and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
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Lees KJ, Carmenta R, Condliffe I, Gray A, Marquis L, Lenton TM. Protecting peatlands requires understanding stakeholder perceptions and relational values: A case study of peatlands in the Yorkshire Dales. Ambio 2023:10.1007/s13280-023-01850-3. [PMID: 37087698 PMCID: PMC10122872 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable peatland management is a global environmental governance challenge given peat's carbon storage. Peatlands worldwide are sites of contested demands between stakeholders with distinct management priorities. In the United Kingdom, peatland management is a focus of political interest for nature-based solutions (NBS), causing tensions with land managers who feel their traditional knowledge is undervalued. Using Q-method (a semi-quantitative method for clarifying distinct viewpoints) with estate managers, gamekeepers, farmers, and employees of land-owning organisations, we explored perceptions around changing upland management in the Yorkshire Dales. Land managers hold strong values of ownership, aesthetics, and stewardship. The prospect of changing management causes fears of losing these relational values alongside instrumental values. Yorkshire Dales stakeholders agreed on NBS aims (reducing flooding, limiting wildfires, protecting wild birds), but disagreed on methods to achieve these. Our research supports engaging local stakeholders at all stages of peatland protection schemes to minimise resentment towards top-down management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten J. Lees
- University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, DE22 1GB England
| | - Rachel Carmenta
- Tyndall Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne Gray
- The Heather Trust, DG1 2RL Dumfries, United Kingdom
| | - Lyndon Marquis
- Yorkshire Peat Partnership, BD23 1UD Skipton, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Lenton
- The Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, EX4 4QE Exeter, United Kingdom
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Zhou Y, Sachs T, Li Z, Pang Y, Xu J, Kalhori A, Wille C, Peng X, Fu X, Wu Y, Wu L. Long-term effects of rewetting and drought on GPP in a temperate peatland based on satellite remote sensing data. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163395. [PMID: 37044335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Rewetting previously drained peatlands restores the critical function of peatlands as long-term carbon storages and sinks currently threatened by climate change and additional human-induced disturbances. Understanding and projecting the restoration process by rewetting, however, currently face a pressing challenge, the lack of consistent and gap-free records of important carbon cycling indicators of peatlands such as the gross primary production (GPP) over long term. In this study, we reconstructed the GPP in a rewetted peatland called Zarnekow (Fluxnet-ID: DE-Zrk) in Germany from 2000 to 2020 by combining long-term satellite observations and limited-term tower-based eddy covariance (EC) measurements based on Random Forest regression models. The R2 between the reconstructed data and EC data was 0.6. The reasonable reconstruction of long-term GPP enabled trend analysis that identified two distinct periods of decreasing/increasing in GPP due to rewetting and droughts. Rewetting in the winter of 2004 and 2005 stabilized GPP after a decreasing period. A drought in 2018 significantly increased GPP, and GPP remained high over the following two years. Furthermore, the month-specific trends show significant seasonality at this site, specifically, an increasing trend over the 21 years in the growing-season months of June to August and a decreasing trend in the other months. The most important variables for satellite-based estimates of GPP at this site include total evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, enhanced vegetation index and near-infrared reflectance vegetation index. Long-term analyses of carbon fluxes through the combination of satellite observations and EC measurements provide crucial insights into the restoration of carbon sequestration functions in rewetted peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Zhou
- School of information science and technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Ningbo Alatu Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhan Li
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yuwen Pang
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Junfeng Xu
- School of information science and technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Aram Kalhori
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Wille
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xiaoxue Peng
- School of information science and technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xianhao Fu
- School of information science and technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- School of information science and technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
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Birnbaum C, Wood J, Lilleskov E, Lamit LJ, Shannon J, Brewer M, Grover S. Degradation Reduces Microbial Richness and Alters Microbial Functions in an Australian Peatland. Microb Ecol 2023; 85:875-891. [PMID: 35867139 PMCID: PMC10156627 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Peatland ecosystems cover only 3% of the world's land area; however, they store one-third of the global soil carbon (C). Microbial communities are the main drivers of C decomposition in peatlands, yet we have limited knowledge of their structure and function. While the microbial communities in the Northern Hemisphere peatlands are well documented, we have limited understanding of microbial community composition and function in the Southern Hemisphere peatlands, especially in Australia. We investigated the vertical stratification of prokaryote and fungal communities from Wellington Plains peatland in the Australian Alps. Within the peatland complex, bog peat was sampled from the intact peatland and dried peat from the degraded peatland along a vertical soil depth gradient (i.e., acrotelm, mesotelm, and catotelm). We analyzed the prokaryote and fungal community structure, predicted functional profiles of prokaryotes using PICRUSt, and assigned soil fungal guilds using FUNGuild. We found that the structure and function of prokaryotes were vertically stratified in the intact bog. Soil carbon, manganese, nitrogen, lead, and sodium content best explained the prokaryote composition. Prokaryote richness was significantly higher in the intact bog acrotelm compared to degraded bog acrotelm. Fungal composition remained similar across the soil depth gradient; however, there was a considerable increase in saprotroph abundance and decrease in endophyte abundance along the vertical soil depth gradient. The abundance of saprotrophs and plant pathogens was two-fold higher in the degraded bog acrotelm. Soil manganese and nitrogen content, electrical conductivity, and water table level (cm) best explained the fungal composition. Our results demonstrate that both fungal and prokaryote communities are shaped by soil abiotic factors and that peatland degradation reduces microbial richness and alters microbial functions. Thus, current and future changes to the environmental conditions in these peatlands may lead to altered microbial community structures and associated functions which may have implications for broader ecosystem function changes in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Birnbaum
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Built Environment, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Wood
- Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Science Drive, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Erik Lilleskov
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Louis James Lamit
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - James Shannon
- Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Matthew Brewer
- Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Science Drive, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Samantha Grover
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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18
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Pschenyckyj C, Donahue T, Kelly-Quinn M, O’Driscoll C, Renou-Wilson F. An examination of the influence of drained peatlands on regional stream water chemistry. Hydrobiologia 2023; 850:3313-3339. [PMID: 37397166 PMCID: PMC10307720 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-023-05188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 50% of Irish rivers do not meet water quality standards, with many declining due to numerous pressures, including peatland degradation. This study examines stream water quality in the Irish midlands, a region where raised bogs have been all historically disturbed to various extent and the majority drained for industrial or domestic peat extraction. For the first time, we provide in-depth analysis of stream water chemistry within a heavily modified bog landscape. Small streams from degraded bogs exhibited greater levels of pollutants, in particular: total dissolved nitrogen (0.48 mg/l) and sulphate (18.49 mg/l) as well as higher electrical conductivity (mean: 334 μS/cm) compared to similar bog streams in near-natural bogs. Except for site-specific nitrogen pollution in certain streams surrounding degraded peatlands, the chemical composition of the receiving streams did not significantly differ between near-natural and degraded sites, reflecting the spatio-temporal scales of disturbance in this complex peat-scape. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations in all the receiving streams were high (27.2 mg/l) compared to other Irish streams, even within other peatland catchments. The region is experiencing overall a widespread loss of fluvial nitrogen and carbon calling for (a) the development of management instruments at site-level (water treatment) and landscape-level (rewetting) to assist with meeting water quality standards in the region, and (b) the routine monitoring of water chemistry as part of current and future peatland management activities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-023-05188-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine Pschenyckyj
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thomas Donahue
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary Kelly-Quinn
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Florence Renou-Wilson
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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19
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Li G, Sun L, Wang J, Dou X, Ji S, Hu T, Gao C. Effects of pyrogenic carbon addition after fire on soil carbon mineralization in the Great Khingan Mountains peatlands (Northeast China). Sci Total Environ 2023; 864:161102. [PMID: 36566854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires play a critical role in regulating soil carbon (C) budgets in peatland ecosystems, and their frequency and intensity are increasing owing to climate change and human activities. Wildfires not only emit CO2 during the combustion process but also produce pyrogenic carbon (PyC), which accumulates in the soil C pool and influences soil C decomposition. However, the role of PyC after a fire in peatland soil C mineralization has rarely been examined. This study investigated the effects of PyC addition on peatland soil C mineralization and its potential driving mechanisms using an anaerobic/aerobic incubation experiment with peat soils collected from typical peatlands in the Great Khingan Mountains, Northeast China. The effect of PyC was more pronounced under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. The mean C- mineralization rates of soil were significantly increased by 45.2 ± 15.5 % and 87.6 ± 14.3 % with 10 % PyC250°C addition after the initial stage (D7) of aerobic and anaerobic incubation, but PyC600°C addition caused a to decrease. Compared with PyC600°C, PyC250°C addition significantly increased the available N content and altered the soil microbial activities, which may be the primary reason for the increase in C mineralization rates. Furthermore, adding a high concentration of PyC (10 %) reduced the concentration of phenolics but increased phenol oxidase activity, which promoted C mineralization rates. Thus, PyC250°C addition to peat soils mainly influences the microbial biomass C content through the accumulation of available N and phenolics, which ultimately positively affects C mineralization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, 130102 Changchun, China
| | - Long Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xu Dou
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shengzhen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, 130102 Changchun, China
| | - Tongxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, 130102 Changchun, China.
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20
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Liu Z, Wang J, Xie J, Yao D, Yang S, Ge J. Interactions among heavy metals and methane-metabolizing microorganisms and their effects on methane emissions in Dajiuhu peatland. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:37415-37426. [PMID: 36572772 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands play a crucial role in mediating the emissions of methane through active biogeochemical cycling of accumulated carbon driven by methane-metabolizing microorganisms; meanwhile, they serve as vital archives of atmospheric heavy metal deposition. Despite many edaphic factors confirmed as determinants to modulate the structure of methanotrophic and methanogenic communities, recognition of interactions among them is limited. In this study, peat soils were collected from Dajiuhu peatland to assess the presence of heavy metals, and methanotrophs and methanogens were investigated via high-throughput sequencing for functional genes mcrA and pmoA. Further analyses of the correlations between methane-related functional groups were conducted. The results demonstrated that both methane-metabolizing microorganisms and heavy metals have prominent vertical heterogeneity upward and downward along the depth of 20 cm. Pb, Cd, and Hg strongly correlated with methanotrophs and methanogens across all seasons and depths, serving as forceful factors in structural variations of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities. Particularly, Pb, Cd, and Hg were identified as excessive elements in Dajiuhu peatland. Furthermore, seasonal variations of networks among methane-related functional groups and environmental factors significantly affected the changes of methane fluxes across different seasons. Concretely, the complicated interactions were detrimental to methane emissions in the Dajiuhu peatland, leading to the minimum methane emissions in winter. Our study identified the key heavy metals affecting the composition of methane-metabolizing microorganisms and linkages between seasonal variations of methane emissions and interaction among heavy metals and methane-metabolizing microorganisms, which provided much new reference and theoretical basis for integrated management of natural peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 68 Jincheng Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei Province, China
- Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Institution of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Jiumei Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 68 Jincheng Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei Province, China
- Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Institution of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Jinlin Xie
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 68 Jincheng Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei Province, China
- Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Institution of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Dong Yao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 68 Jincheng Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei Province, China
- Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Institution of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Shiyu Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 68 Jincheng Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei Province, China
- Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
- Institution of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Jiwen Ge
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 68 Jincheng Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei Province, China.
- Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China.
- Institution of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430078, China.
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21
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Han D, Sun Y, Cong J, Gao C, Wang G. Ecological distribution of modern diatom in peatlands in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains and its environmental implications. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:36607-36618. [PMID: 36564683 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between diatom assemblages and environmental variables in peatlands of the northern Greater Khingan Mountains are helpful for understanding the indicative significance of diatoms to environment changes, and potentially provide a reference for environmental monitoring and paleoenvironment reconstruction in the edge of monsoon region. In this study, we analyzed modern diatom assemblages and their relationships with environment factors in 30 surface samples from shrubby-herbaceous and herbaceous peatlands based on ordination analysis. Benthic and epiphytic Pennatae diatoms are mainly ecological types, whereas planktonic Centricae diatoms are relatively fewer. The most diverse genera are Pinnularia and Eunotia. Eunotia paludosa and Achnanthidium minutissimum dominated in shrubby-herbaceous peatlands, while Navicula minima and Fragilaria capucina dominated in herbaceous peatlands. The diatom community structures are different in different vegetation types and the diatom species diversity in herbaceous peatlands is higher than that in shrubby-herbaceous peatlands. CODMn and pH are the most important environmental factors affecting diatom species composition and diversity. Eunotia bilunaris, Eunotia mucophila, and Eunotia paludosa can be used as indicators of acidic water environments. Caloneis silicula, Fragilaria capucina, Hantzschia amphioxys, and Navicula radiosa can be applied to indicate the weak alkaline conditions. Eunotia bilunaris and Eunotia paludosa can indicate low conductivity, while Sellaphora pupula indicates the medium-high conductivity. Fragilaria capucina and Navicula radiosa can indicate oligotrophic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Han
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jinxin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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22
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Yu H, Hu T, Mao Y, Liao T, Shi M, Liu W, Li M, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Xing X, Qi S. Influence of temperature and precipitation on the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: simulation experiments on peat cores from a typical alpine peatland in Central China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:37859-37874. [PMID: 36575261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The corresponding relationships between temperature, precipitation, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration in a typical ombrotrophic peatland in Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, were quantitatively characterized by field sampling tests validated with simulation experiments. The PAH concentrations of peat cores in Dajiuhu peatland ranged from 262 to 977 ng·g-1, with a mean value of 536 ± 284 ng·g-1. PAHs were mainly composed of 2-3 ring PAHs, accounting for 31.7% ± 2.00% and 31.7% ± 5.00%, respectively. The concentration of PAHs in peat cores showed a significant decrease with increasing temperature, while the low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) were more sensitive to temperature changes compared to the high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). Besides, with the increase of quantity and velocity of leaching liquid, PAHs in peat were first transferred in the form of attached large-size particles and then gradually entered the aqueous phase. According to the IPCC projections of global warming, Dajiuhu peatland will release 956 ± 26.3 kg·°C-1 PAHs into gas phase during 2030-2052, and a conservative projection based on local temperature trends showed that 459 ± 12.6 kg·°C-1 PAHs will be released into gas phase by 2047 in Dajiuhu peatland. The projected release fluxes of PAHs in Dajiuhu peatland with precipitation volume and precipitation velocity are 381 ± 201 kg·100 mm-1 and 1052 ± 167 kg·min·mL-1, respectively, which are primarily from peat into particulate and aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikuo Yu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ting Liao
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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23
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Newman JE, Levasseur PA, Beckett P, Watmough SA. The impact of severe pollution from smelter emissions on carbon and metal accumulation in peatlands in Ontario, Canada. Environ Pollut 2023; 320:121102. [PMID: 36669721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are unique habitats that function as a carbon (C) sink and an archive of atmospheric metal deposition. Sphagnum mosses are key components of peatlands but can be adversely impacted by air pollution potentially affecting rates of C and metal accumulation in peat. In this study we evaluate how the loss of Sphagnum in peatlands close to a copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) smelter in Sudbury, Ontario affected C accumulation and metal profiles. The depth of accumulated peat formed during the 100+ year period of smelter activities also increased with distance from the smelter. Concurrently, peat bulk density decreased with distance from the smelter, which resulted in relatively similar average rates of apparent C accumulation (32-46 g/m2/yr). These rates are within the range of published values despite the historically high pollution loadings. Surface peat close to the smelters was greatly enriched in Cu and Ni, and Cu profiles in dated peat cores generally coincide with known pollution histories much better than Ni that increased well before the beginning of smelter activities likely a result of post-deposition mobility in peat cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi E Newman
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - Patrick A Levasseur
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Peter Beckett
- School of Natural Sciences and the Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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24
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Männistö E, Ylänne H, Losoi M, Keinänen M, Yli-Pirilä P, Korrensalo A, Bäck J, Hellén H, Virtanen A, Tuittila ES. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from adjacent boreal fen and bog as impacted by vegetation composition. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159809. [PMID: 36336039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Peatland ecosystems emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), which have a net cooling impact on the climate. However, the quality and quantity of BVOC emissions, and how they are regulated by vegetation and peatland type remain poorly understood. Here we measured BVOC emissions with dynamic enclosures from two major boreal peatland types, a minerotrophic fen and an ombrotrophic bog situated in Siikaneva, southern Finland and experimentally assessed the role of vegetation by removing vascular vegetation with or without the moss layer. Our measurements from four campaigns during growing seasons in 2017 and 2018 identified emissions of 59 compounds from nine different chemical groups. Isoprene accounted for 81 % of BVOC emissions. Measurements also revealed uptake of dichloromethane. Total BVOC emissions and the emissions of isoprene, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, homoterpenes, and green leaf volatiles were tightly connected to vascular plants. Isoprene and sesquiterpene emissions were associated with sedges, whereas monoterpenoids and homoterpenes were associated with shrubs. Additionally, isoprene and alkane emissions were higher in the fen than in the bog and they significantly contributed to the higher BVOC emissions from intact vegetation in the fen. During an extreme drought event in 2018, emissions of organic halides were absent. Our results indicate that climate change with an increase in shrub cover and increased frequency of extreme weather events may have a negative impact on total BVOC emissions that otherwise are predicted to increase in warmer temperatures. However, these changes also accompanied a change in BVOC emission quality. As different compounds differ in their capacity to form secondary organic aerosols, the ultimate climate impact of peatland BVOC emissions may be altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Männistö
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Henni Ylänne
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mari Losoi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6B, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Hellén
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, PL 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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25
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Muller FLL, Chang KC, Wang YC, Lee CL. A study of peatland-derived dissolved organic matter from headstream to sea using multiple analytical tools. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:23386-23397. [PMID: 36323968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The River Thurso, North Scotland, receives substantial terrestrial deliveries of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from Europe's most extensive blanket bogs. The relatively short distance between peatlands and coastal ocean offers potential for research to investigate source-to-sea processing of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Here, we determined DOC concentrations in the bulk (< 0.4 μm), truly dissolved (< 5 kDa), and colloidal fraction (5 kDa - 0.4 μm) as well as DOM absorbance and fluorescence spectra during two river catchment surveys and two corresponding coastal plume surveys, in early spring (1st sampling period) and late spring (2nd sampling period). DOC concentrations ranged from 79 to 3799 μM in early spring and from 115 to 5126 μM in late spring. DOM exhibited conservative mixing across the plume in both surveys, but the plume extended further offshore in the second survey due to a pulse of freshwater caused by recent rainfall. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) and fluorescence indices revealed that the flushed DOM was humic-like, recently synthesized DOM. Coupled with C/N ratio analyses and molecular weight fractionation, the fluorescence indices also provided evidence for the gradual altering of DOM characteristics along the bog - headstream - loch - river continuum. The same analytical tools revealed that seasonal variations occurred within the DOM pool of marine origin, i.e., greater abundance of low-molecular weight bacterial or algal DOM in the late spring survey. The time scale of such variations relative to the flushing time of water through the aquatic continuum should be taken into account when interpreting the DOM property-salinity distributions of major river plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- François L L Muller
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chen Chang
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Wang
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Lin Lee
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Aerosol Science Research Center (ASRC), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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26
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Paul SS, Hasselquist EM, Jarefjäll A, Ågren AM. Virtual landscape-scale restoration of altered channels helps us understand the extent of impacts to guide future ecosystem management. Ambio 2023; 52:182-194. [PMID: 35984569 PMCID: PMC9666586 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human modification of hydrological connectivity of landscapes has had significant consequences on ecosystem functioning. Artificial drainage practices have fundamentally altered northern landscapes, yet these man made channels are rarely considered in ecosystem management. To better understand the effects of drainage ditches, we conducted a landscape-scale analysis across eleven selected study regions in Sweden. We implemented a unique approach by backfilling ditches in the current digital elevation model to recreate the prehistoric landscape, thus quantifying and characterizing the channel networks of prehistoric (natural) and current (drained) landscapes. Our analysis detected that 58% of the prehistoric natural channels had been converted to ditches. Even more striking was that the average channel density increased from 1.33 km km-2 in the prehistoric landscape to 4.66 km km-2 in the current landscape, indicating the extent of ditching activities in the northern regions. These results highlight that man-made ditches should be accurately mapped across northern landscapes to enable more informed decisions in ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartho Shekhar Paul
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eliza Maher Hasselquist
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amanda Jarefjäll
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anneli M. Ågren
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Seniczak A, Seniczak S, Iturrondobeitia JC, Gwiazdowicz DJ, Waldon-Rudzionek B, Flatberg KI, Bolger T. Mites (Oribatida and Mesostigmata) and vegetation as complementary bioindicators in peatlands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158335. [PMID: 36030861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation is widely used in the assessment of the quality of peatlands, while the invertebrate fauna of peatlands is relatively poorly studied. We compared the bioindicator values of vegetation with two arthropod groups widespread in peatlands, saprophagous Oribatida (Acariformes) and predatory Mesostigmata (Parasitiformes) mites. Samples were collected from ecotones at the edges of peatland ponds in Poland, including four in near-natural condition (i.e., peatlands unaffected by human activity) and three in previously disturbed but now recovering peatlands. A set of abiotic parameters was measured at each site: pond area, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, and water parameters (pH, conductivity, colour, total nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and organic carbon). Overall, 63,635 specimens of Oribatida and 448 of Mesostigmata were recovered in the sampling. Species richness of Oribatida (56 species) was higher than that of flora (46) and Mesostigmata (15). Vegetation was significantly associated with annual precipitation in the years 1998-2007 which accounted for 29.1 % of the variation in vegetation communities. Oribatida variability was significantly associated with the content of organic carbon in water accounting for 32.4 % of variation. In contrast, variation in the Mesostigmata was not significantly associated with any of the abiotic parameters. Vegetation at ponds in previously disturbed and now recovering peatlands had higher bush cover than at near-natural ponds and the pond in the cutaway peat had lowest moss cover and the highest number of associate species (i.e., species with wide tolerance not characteristic of the certain community). Mite communities did not differ consistently between near-natural and recovering peatlands. Sphagnum divinum Flatberg et Hassel was recorded from Poland for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Seniczak
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Postbox 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Stanisław Seniczak
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolińskich Av. 12, 85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - J Carlos Iturrondobeitia
- Department of Zoology and Cellular Animal Biology, University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Sarriena S/N., E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Dariusz J Gwiazdowicz
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Waldon-Rudzionek
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolińskich Av. 12, 85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kjell Ivar Flatberg
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postbox 8900, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Bolger
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Yang W, Xiang W, Bao Z, Huang C, Ma M, Lu X, Yao L, Wang Y. Phosphorus sorption capacity of various iron-organic matter associations in peat soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:77580-77592. [PMID: 35678968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the contribution of different types of iron-organic matter associations (Fe-OM) to the phosphorus sorption capacity of peatland. Humic substance (HS) and particulate organic matter (POM) were isolated from peat soils, and different types of iron-organic matter associations (Fe-HS and Fe-POM) were prepared. Then, isothermal adsorption experiments were carried out on the synthesized Fe-OM and iron-contained peat soils. The morphology structure of Fe-HS associations is amorphous like that of ferrihydrite. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of Fe-HS associations can reach 36.90 mg/g, which is approximately two times higher than that of ferrihydrite (19.23 mg/g) and ten times higher than that of hematite (3.26 mg/g) and goethite (2.08 mg/g). Both peat soils and POM can strongly complex ferric ions, resulting in improved phosphorus sorption capacity. The Qmax of original peat soil and POM is 2.83 mg/g and 4.31 mg/g, which increased to 7.36 mg/g and 5.89 mg/g, respectively, after complexing ferric ions. Compared to inorganic Fe minerals, the associations of iron and organic matter (HS and POM) contribute more to the phosphorus retention ability of peat soils. However, the formation of Fe-OM associations could not fully explain why the addition of iron increases the phosphorus sorption capacity of peat soil by so much. Iron should also participate in other phosphorus retention processes, which need further exploration and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wu Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhengyu Bao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunlei Huang
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou, 312000, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou, 312000, China
| | - Xinzhe Lu
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou, 312000, China
| | - Lingyang Yao
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou, 312000, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou, 312000, China
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Li J, Li M, Zhao L, Sun X, Gao M, Sheng L, Bian H. Characteristics of soil carbon emissions and bacterial community composition in peatlands at different stages of vegetation succession. Sci Total Environ 2022; 839:156242. [PMID: 35643137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are important components of soil ecosystems and play an important role in material cycles. Northern peatlands are important ecosystems in middle-high latitude regions. In peatlands, different vegetation successions occur with changes in groundwater levels. The overall carbon emission of peat bogs is related to the carbon stability of the surrounding environment. Unraveling the assembly and distribution of bacterial communities at different succession stages in peatland is essential to understanding the soil nutrient cycle. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of soil carbon emissions and the composition of subsurface microorganisms under six different succession stages. The highest carbon emission was observed in mossy peatlands, and their soil enzyme activity was closely related to the aboveground vegetation cover type. The succession pattern of ground vegetation was the main driver of soil microorganisms. The abundance of the dominant Proteobacteria decreased with increasing soil depth, while the opposite trend was observed for Chloroflexi. Furthermore, the community structure of microorganisms became progressively simpler and looser as soil water content decreased. The bacterial alpha diversity was driven by soil dissolved organic carbon and Fe, and the beta diversity was driven mainly by soil water content. The bacteria presented a random distribution in a nutrient-rich soil environment and shifted to deterministic distribution with decreasing water and nutrient contents. The balance between taxonomic diversity and dispersal limitation mediates species coexistence in the soil microbiome. This study provides new insights into the soil environment at different stages of succession in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Minghao Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hongfeng Bian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
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Antala M, Juszczak R, van der Tol C, Rastogi A. Impact of climate change-induced alterations in peatland vegetation phenology and composition on carbon balance. Sci Total Environ 2022; 827:154294. [PMID: 35247401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global climate is changing faster than humankind has ever experienced. Model-based predictions of future climate are becoming more complex and precise, but they still lack crucial information about the reaction of some important ecosystems, such as peatlands. Peatlands belong to one of the largest carbon stores on the Earth. They are mostly distributed in high latitudes, where the temperature rises faster than in the other parts of the planet. Warmer climate and changes in precipitation patterns cause changes in the composition and phenology of peatland vegetation. Peat mosses are becoming less abundant, vascular plants cover is increasing, and the vegetation season and phenophases of vascular plants start sooner. The alterations in vegetation cause changes in the carbon assimilation and release of greenhouse gases. Therefore, this article reviews the impact of climate change-induced alterations in peatland vegetation phenology and composition on future climate and the uncertainties that need to be addressed for more accurate climate prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Antala
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Christiaan van der Tol
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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Wilson RM, Hough MA, Verbeke BA, Hodgkins SB, Chanton JP, Saleska SD, Rich VI, Tfaily MM. Plant organic matter inputs exert a strong control on soil organic matter decomposition in a thawing permafrost peatland. Sci Total Environ 2022; 820:152757. [PMID: 35031367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are climate critical carbon (C) reservoirs that could become a C source under continued warming. A strong relationship between plant tissue chemistry and the soil organic matter (SOM) that fuels C gas emissions is inferred, but rarely examined at the molecular level. Here we compared Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy measurements of solid phase functionalities in plants and SOM to ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses of plant and SOM water extracts across a palsa-bog-fen thaw and moisture gradient in an Arctic peatland. From these analyses we calculated the C oxidation state (NOSC), a measure which can be used to assess organic matter quality. Palsa plant extracts had the highest NOSC, indicating high quality, whereas extracts of Sphagnum, which dominated the bog, had the lowest NOSC. The percentage of plant compounds that are less bioavailable and accumulate in the peat, increases from palsa (25%) to fen (41%) to bog (47%), reflecting the pattern of percent Sphagnum cover. The pattern of NOSC in the plant extracts was consistent with the high number of consumed compounds in the palsa and low number of consumed compounds in the bog. However, in the FT-IR analysis of the solid phase bog peat, carbohydrate content was high implying high quality SOM. We explain this discrepancy as the result of low solubilization of bog SOM facilitated by the low pH in the bog which makes the solid phase carbohydrates less available to microbial decomposition. Plant-associated condensed aromatics, tannins, and lignin-like compounds declined in the unsaturated palsa peat indicating decomposition, but lignin-like compounds accumulated in the bog and fen peat where decomposition was presumably inhibited by the anaerobic conditions. A molecular-level comparison of the aboveground C sources and peat SOM demonstrates that climate-associated vegetation shifts in peatlands are important controls on the mechanisms underlying changing C gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Wilson
- Florida State University, Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Moira A Hough
- University of Arizona, Department of Environmental Science, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brittany A Verbeke
- Florida State University, Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Suzanne B Hodgkins
- The Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeff P Chanton
- Florida State University, Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Scott D Saleska
- University of Arizona, Department of Environmental Science, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Virginia I Rich
- The Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- University of Arizona, Department of Environmental Science, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Schuster W, Knorr KH, Blodau C, Gałka M, Borken W, Pancotto VA, Kleinebecker T. Control of carbon and nitrogen accumulation by vegetation in pristine bogs of southern Patagonia. Sci Total Environ 2022; 810:151293. [PMID: 34756900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are long-term sinks of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) that are exposed to anthropogenic pressure. This has often induced a vegetation shift from peat mosses towards increasing presence of vascular plants. However, the impact of this vegetation shift on the sink function of peatlands remains unclear. To address this research gap, we studied C and N accumulation in a Patagonian cushion bog where a shift to the predominance of vascular cushion plants is a natural phenomenon since millennia. For comparison, long-term accumulation and decomposition patterns in a pristine Patagonian Sphagnum bog were studied. Thereto, we determined recent and long-term rates of C and N accumulation, their within-site variability, and studied plant-macrofossils. These results were related to decomposition indicators (C/N ratio, humification index, stable isotopes) of the bog types. Despite differences in decomposition indicators, long-term rates of C accumulation were of similar magnitude in the Sphagnum (21.9 g C m-2 yr-1) and in the cushion bog (22.2 g C m-2 yr-1). N accumulation was significantly lower in the Sphagnum bog (0.35 g N m-2 yr-1) compared to the surprisingly high accumulation in the cushion bog (0.55 g N m-2 yr-1). Tephra depositions in the cushion bog about 1600 cal. Years ago presumably triggered the vegetation shift towards dominance of cushion plants by a fertilization effect. C accumulation rates during past decades in the upper decimeters of peat were four times higher in the cushion bog (245 g C m-2 yr-1) compared to the Sphagnum bog (64 g C m-2 yr-1), but substantially decreased since the appearance of cushion plants. High decomposition rates as indicated by decomposition indicators thus apparently offset the higher productivity of cushion plants in the long term. While cushion bogs appear to be effective N sinks, their C sink function may therefore be equal to Sphagnum bogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Schuster
- Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Research Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Muenster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Muenster, Germany; Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Muenster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Klaus-Holger Knorr
- Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Research Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Muenster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Christian Blodau
- Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Research Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Muenster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Mariusz Gałka
- Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 1/3 Banacha Str., 90-231 Lodz, Poland
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Geosciences, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Verónica A Pancotto
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), B. Houssay 200, 9410 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Polares y Ambiente (ICPA-UNTDF), Fuegia Basket, 9410 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Muenster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Muenster, Germany; Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Giessen University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Dorodnikov M, Knorr KH, Fan L, Kuzyakov Y, Nilsson MB. A novel belowground in-situ gas labeling approach: CH 4 oxidation in deep peat using passive diffusion chambers and 13C excess. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150457. [PMID: 34560456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In-vitro incubation of environmental samples is a common approach to estimate CH4 oxidation potential. Here we developed and verified an in-situ method utilizing passive diffusion chambers (PDC, silicone tubes) to deliver 13C-labeled CH4 into peat for the determination of the CH4 oxidation potential based on 13C excess of CO2. To target CH4 oxidation under semi-aerobic and anaerobic conditions, we installed 20 PDCs (30 ml volume) below the water table in profiles from 35-cm to 2-m depths of a peatland in north-eastern Sweden in July 2017 using a peat auger. 13C-labeled CH4 was injected into PDCs through tubing twice during 12 days (day 0 and 6) and samples were collected at days 1, 3, 6, 8 and 11. Background (non-labeled) δ13C of CO2 ranged from -7.3 (35 cm) to +5.7‰ (200 cm) with depth. These δ13C values rose to +110 and + 204‰ after the CH4 injection. The estimated CH4-derived C in CO2 was the lowest at the bottom of the profile (0.3 μmol L-1), whereas the maximum was at 100 cm (6.1 μmol L-1) at five days after the second labeling. This corresponded to 1.5-7.2% of the total CH4 pool to be oxidized, depending on depth. This novel approach with belowground in-situ 13C labeling of gases demonstrated the suitability of tracing the transformations of these gases in soil depth by PDCs and for the first time verified the in-situ occurrence of a deep-peat CH4 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Dorodnikov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Department of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Tyumen State University, 625003 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Klaus-Holger Knorr
- Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Lichao Fan
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Zhang Z, Yang M, Li L, Yin R, Huo L. Holocene terrestrialization process on the Sanjiang Plain (China) and its significance to the East Asian summer monsoon circulation. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150578. [PMID: 34582863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A wide-spread terrestrialization process has been reported occurring across the Sanjiang Plain in the Holocene Epoch, while little is known for its detailed process and links to regional climate variation. Here, we present high-resolution palynological and lithological data of a peatland's sedimentary profile in the central Sanjiang Plain. The study aims to reconstruct the local terrestrialization process and discuss its significance to the Holocene East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) evolution. The results indicate that a paleolake surrounded by broadleaved forests developed during ~7.4-4.5 ka BP, corresponding to a wet and warm stage with strengthened EASM. Thereafter, a wetland dominated by Cyperaceae and Poaceae was initiated with the terrestrialization process. This process lasted until 3.9 ka BP when a lithological mud-to-peat transition occurred indicating a peatland began to develop after the extinction of the paleolake. Considering the prevalent EASM climate on the modern Sanjiang Plain, this paleolake-to-peatland transition during 4.5-3.9 ka BP was attributed to the mid-Holocene EASM retreat in addition to the paleolake's autogenic infilling process. During the peatland developing stage, four dry intervals with weakened EASM occurred in 3.9-3.2 ka BP, 2.0-1.3 ka BP, 1.0-0.5 ka BP, and 0.1-0.0 ka BP. They were alternated with three wet stages of the strengthened EASM during 3.2-2.0 ka BP, 1.3-1.0 ka BP, and 0.5-0.1 ka BP. Our findings are supported by a series of paleoclimatic records across the monsoonal regions of China. We suggest that the EASM evolution associated with the tropical ocean-atmosphere interactions was initially modulated by the solar output variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Zhang
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Mingxiang Yang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Rui Yin
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lili Huo
- Innovative Team of Monitoring and Precaution for Cropland Environment, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Li Y, Gao C, Liu H, Han D, Cong J, Li X, Wang G. Distribution of phosphorus forms in surface soils of typical peatlands in northern Great Khingan Mountains and its potential to reconstruct paleo-vegetations. J Environ Manage 2022; 302:114033. [PMID: 34763188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus was one of the nutrient limitations to vegetations in wetland ecosystem. In peatland, organic phosphorus is accumulated as vegetation residues in anaerobic conditions, affecting the contents of phosphorus pools for long time. It is unclear that different vegetations affect the contents of phosphorus and whether successions of vegetations could reflected by sedimentation of phosphorus forms. Phosphorus forms from six surface soils plots and four dominant vegetations in the north of the Great Khingan mountains were detected to investigate the differences of phosphorus forms of soil between different vegetations. Phosphorus forms and macrofossil were also detected in a 77-cm peat core (1-cm intervals) in TQ. A fingerprinting historical vegetations were reconstructed by phosphors forms to reflect successions of vegetations during 2200 cal yr BP in TQ area. The results showed that the main phosphorus forms in peatland were NaOH-Po and conc. HCl-Po. The percentages of inorganic phosphorus forms of trees were generally higher than other vegetations. Moss was more conducive for accumulation of organic phosphorus. NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, conc. HCl-Po and Pi were selected into linear discrimination analysis. The vegetations reconstructed by phosphorus forms were strongly correlated with the pollen records of moss, herbs and shrubs, as well as with macrofossils in herbs. The fingerprinting of vegetations by phosphorus has potential geochemical reference to reflect the successions of vegetation in peatland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Hanxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Jinxin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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Wang D, Zang S, Wu X, Ma D, Li M, Chen Q, Liu X, Zhang N. Soil organic carbon stabilization in permafrost peatlands. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7037-7045. [PMID: 34867005 PMCID: PMC8626270 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In permafrost peatlands, the degradation of permafrost soil can raise soil temperature and alter moisture conditions, which increases the rate of loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). Here we selected three typical permafrost types that have very different active layer thicknesses but with soil originating from the same vegetation and which exist under comparable climatic conditions in the Da Xing'an mountain range: continuous permafrost, island permafrost, and island melting permafrost. To quantify the relative importance of control elements on SOC stabilization in these different permafrost types, we used correlation analysis to assess the relationship between organic carbon, physical and chemical properties and microorganisms, and explored the contribution of these factors to the accumulation of organic carbon. This study shows that the interaction between clay or silt, iron oxides and microorganisms have an important influence on the stability of organic carbon in permafrost peatlands.
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Dezzeo N, Grandez-Rios J, Martius C, Hergoualc'h K. Degradation-driven changes in fine root carbon stocks, productivity, mortality, and decomposition rates in a palm swamp peat forest of the Peruvian Amazon. Carbon Balance Manag 2021; 16:33. [PMID: 34714416 PMCID: PMC8555211 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-021-00197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amazon palm swamp peatlands are major carbon (C) sinks and reservoirs. In Peru, this ecosystem is widely threatened owing to the recurrent practice of cutting Mauritia flexuosa palms for fruit harvesting. Such degradation could significantly damage peat deposits by altering C fluxes through fine root productivity, mortality, and decomposition rates which contribute to and regulate peat accumulation. Along a same peat formation, we studied an undegraded site (Intact), a moderately degraded site (mDeg) and a heavily degraded site (hDeg) over 11 months. Fine root C stocks and fluxes were monthly sampled by sequential coring. Concomitantly, fine root decomposition was investigated using litter bags. In the experimental design, fine root stocks and dynamics were assessed separately according to vegetation type (M. flexuosa palm and other tree species) and M. flexuosa age class. Furthermore, results obtained from individual palms and trees were site-scaled by using forest composition and structure. RESULTS At the scale of individuals, fine root C biomass in M. flexuosa adults was higher at the mDeg site than at the Intact and hDeg sites, while in trees it was lowest at the hDeg site. Site-scale fine root biomass (Mg C ha-1) was higher at the mDeg site (0.58 ± 0.05) than at the Intact (0.48 ± 0.05) and hDeg sites (0.32 ± 0.03). Site-scale annual fine root mortality rate was not significantly different between sites (3.4 ± 1.3, 2.0 ± 0.8, 1.5 ± 0.7 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 at the Intact, mDeg, and hDeg sites) while productivity (same unit) was lower at the hDeg site (1.5 ± 0.8) than at the Intact site (3.7 ± 1.2), the mDeg site being intermediate (2.3 ± 0.9). Decomposition was slow with 63.5-74.4% of mass remaining after 300 days and it was similar among sites and vegetation types. CONCLUSIONS The significant lower fine root C stock and annual productivity rate at the hDeg site than at the Intact site suggests a potential for strong degradation to disrupt peat accretion. These results stress the need for a sustainable management of these forests to maintain their C sink function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelda Dezzeo
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), c/o Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina, Apdo Postal 1558, 15024, Lima, Peru
- Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Julio Grandez-Rios
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), c/o Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina, Apdo Postal 1558, 15024, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Loreto, Peru
| | | | - Kristell Hergoualc'h
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), c/o Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina, Apdo Postal 1558, 15024, Lima, Peru.
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Mickler RA. Carbon emissions from a temperate coastal peatland wildfire: contributions from natural plant communities and organic soils. Carbon Balance Manag 2021; 16:26. [PMID: 34468897 PMCID: PMC8408986 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-021-00189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the scientific challenges of understanding climate change has been determining the important drivers and metrics of global carbon (C) emissions and C cycling in tropical, subtropical, boreal, subarctic, and temperate peatlands. Peatlands account for 3% of global land cover, yet contain a major reservoir of 550 gigatons (Gt) of soil C, and serve as C sinks for 0.37 Gt of carbon dioxide (CO2) a year. In the United States, temperate peatlands are estimated to store 455 petagrams of C (PgC). There has been increasing interest in the role of wildfires in C cycling and altering peatlands from C sinks to major C sources. We estimated above- and below-ground C emissions from the Pains Bay Fire, a long-duration wildfire (112 days; 18,329 ha) that burned a coastal peatland in eastern North Carolina, USA. RESULTS Soil C emissions were estimated from pre- and post-burn Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) soil elevation data, soils series and C content mapping, remotely sensed soil burn severity, and post-burn field surveys of soil elevation. Total above-ground C emissions from the fire were 2,89,579 t C and 214 t C ha-1 for the 10 vegetation associations within the burn area perimeter. Above-ground sources of C emissions were comprised of litter (69,656 t C), shrub (1,68,983 t C), and foliage (50,940 t C). Total mean below-ground C emissions were 5,237,521 t C, and ranged from 2,630,529 to 8,287,900 t C, depending on organic matter content of different soil horizons within each of the 7 soil series. The mean below-ground C emissions within the burn area were 1,595.6 t C ha-1 and ranged from 629.3 to 2511.3 t C ha-1. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to undisturbed temperate peatlands, human induced disturbances of the natural elevation gradient of the peatland has resulted in increased heterogeneity of floristic variation and assemblages that are a product of the spatial and temporal patterns of the water table level and the surface wetness across peatlands. Human induced changes in surface hydrology and land use influenced the fuel characteristics of natural vegetation and associated soils, thus influencing wildfire risk, behavior, and the resulting C emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mickler
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Qin Y, Puppe D, Zhang L, Sun R, Li P, Xie S. How Does Sphagnum Growing Affect Testate Amoeba Communities and Corresponding Protozoic Si Pools? Results from Field Analyses in SW China. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:459-469. [PMID: 33442762 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The policy and practice of ecological restoration and conservation in China obtained some remarkable results. For example, Sphagnum moss growing on abandoned farmland, which was peatland before agricultural use, has rapidly expanded the wetland area in SW China. Microorganisms such as testate amoebae are sensitive to environmental change and thus have been widely used as ecological indicators in various habitats. We analyzed differently aged Sphagnum growing plots on a Sphagnum growing farmland and natural Sphagnum plots in SW China to examine how Sphagnum-dwelling testate amoeba communities and corresponding protozoic silicon (Si) pools respond to ecological restoration practice. We found that abundance, taxon richness, and diversity of testate amoebae were higher in Sphagnum growing farmland plots compared to natural Sphagnum plots. Protozoic Si pools showed an increase with Sphagnum growing time representing increased Si accumulation by idiosomic testate amoeba shells. However, protozoic Si pools were negatively correlated with taxon richness and diversity of testate amoebae. Our results showed that (i) natural Sphagnum plots were not characterized by the expected higher biodiversity of testate amoebae compared to Sphagnum growing plots and (ii) consequently protozoic Si pool quantity in natural Sphagnum plots was less driven by biodiversity of testate amoebae than expected. We concluded our results to underline the value of (i) environmental restoration policy in general and (ii) testate amoeba communities and corresponding protozoic Si pools for Si cycling in restoration areas of peatlands in particular. Based on our results, we recommend a sustainable cultivation of Sphagnum moss and an additional establishment of protected areas, where no Sphagnum harvesting occurs. These protected Sphagnum areas might represent hot spots of undisturbed testate amoeba communities and corresponding protozoic Si pools and thus of microbial Si cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Daniel Puppe
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pengde Li
- Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shucheng Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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St James AR, Lin J, Richardson RE. Relationship Between Peat Type and Microbial Ecology in Sphagnum-Containing Peatlands of the Adirondack Mountains, NY, USA. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:429-441. [PMID: 33410936 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Peatland microbial community composition varies with respect to a range of biological and physicochemical variables. While the extent of peat degradation (humification) has been linked to microbial community composition along vertical stratification gradients within peatland sites, across-site variations have been relatively unexplored. In this study, we compared microbial communities across ten pristine Sphagnum-containing peatlands in the Adirondack Mountains, NY, which represented three different peat types-humic fen peat, humic bog peat, and fibric bog peat. Using 16S amplicon sequencing and network correlation analysis, we demonstrate that microbial community composition is primarily linked to peat type, and that distinct taxa networks distinguish microbial communities in each type. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the active water table region (mesotelm) from two Sphagnum-dominated bogs-one with fibric peat and one with humic peat-revealed differences in primary carbon degradation pathways, with the fibric peat being dominated by carbohydrate metabolism and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, and the humic peat being dominated by aliphatic carbon metabolism and aceticlastic methanogenesis. Our results suggest that peat humification is a major factor driving microbial community dynamics across peatland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R St James
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Janni Lin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ruth E Richardson
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Salmon VG, Brice DJ, Bridgham S, Childs J, Graham J, Griffiths NA, Hofmockel K, Iversen CM, Jicha TM, Kolka RK, Kostka JE, Malhotra A, Norby RJ, Phillips JR, Ricciuto D, Schadt CW, Sebestyen SD, Shi X, Walker AP, Warren JM, Weston DJ, Yang X, Hanson PJ. Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in an ombrotrophic peatland: a benchmark for assessing change. Plant Soil 2021; 466:649-674. [PMID: 36267144 PMCID: PMC9580354 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Slow decomposition and isolation from groundwater mean that ombrotrophic peatlands store a large amount of soil carbon (C) but have low availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). To better understand the role these limiting nutrients play in determining the C balance of peatland ecosystems, we compile comprehensive N and P budgets for a forested bog in northern Minnesota, USA. METHODS N and P within plants, soils, and water are quantified based on field measurements. The resulting empirical dataset are then compared to modern-day, site-level simulations from the peatland land surface version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (ELM-SPRUCE). RESULTS Our results reveal N is accumulating in the ecosystem at 0.2 ± 0.1 g N m-2 year-1 but annual P inputs to this ecosystem are balanced by losses. Biomass stoichiometry indicates that plant functional types differ in N versus P limitation, with trees exhibiting a stronger N limitation than ericaceous shrubs or Sphagnum moss. High biomass and productivity of Sphagnum results in the moss layer storing and cycling a large proportion of plant N and P. Comparing our empirically-derived nutrient budgets to ELM-SPRUCE shows the model captures N cycling within dominant plant functional types well. CONCLUSIONS The nutrient budgets and stoichiometry presented serve as a baseline for quantifying the nutrient cycling response of peatland ecosystems to both observed and simulated climate change. Our analysis improves our understanding of N and P dynamics within nutrient-limited peatlands and represents a crucial step toward improving C-cycle projections into the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity G Salmon
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Deanne J Brice
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Scott Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Joanne Childs
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jake Graham
- Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Natalie A Griffiths
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kirsten Hofmockel
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate Molecular, Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National, Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Terri M Jicha
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great, Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Randy K Kolka
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, USA
| | - Joel E Kostka
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jana R Phillips
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Ricciuto
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Christopher W Schadt
- Climate Change Science Institute and Biosciences, Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Xiaoying Shi
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - David J Weston
- Climate Change Science Institute and Biosciences, Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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Górecki K, Rastogi A, Stróżecki M, Gąbka M, Lamentowicz M, Łuców D, Kayzer D, Juszczak R. Water table depth, experimental warming, and reduced precipitation impact on litter decomposition in a temperate Sphagnum- peatland. Sci Total Environ 2021; 771:145452. [PMID: 33736185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Tea Bag Index (TBI) method was used to estimate the litter decomposition rate in peatland exposed for climate manipulation (increased temperature and reduced precipitation) at two contrasting sites differing in water table depth (WTD) dynamics. To manipulate climate on peatland, the prototyped Open Top Chambers (OTC) and automated rain-out shelters were used. OTCs increased daytime air temperatures by ~1.7 °C at the driest plots exposed for an increase of air temperature and reduced precipitation, while the increase of the average daily air temperature was lower than 0.9 °C. However, OTCs cooled down the peat temperature even by 0.8 °C and this effect was most pronounced for daytime rather than night-time conditions. The precipitation amount was reduced by 26%. The tea bags were buried at 8 cm depth for 83 and 172 days starting from the 19th of April 2019. Our observation proved that although decomposition rates were dependent on temperature, WTD and its fluctuations are the main factors controlling the rates of litter decomposition in waterlogged ecosystems like ours. At waterlogged Sphagnum-dominated peatlands, the interrelation between different environmental factors may mitigate the impact of warming and reduced precipitation on litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górecki
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Stróżecki
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Gąbka
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Laboratory of Climate Change Ecology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominika Łuców
- Laboratory of Climate Change Ecology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland; Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, Warszawa 00-818, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kayzer
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Juszczak
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland.
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Salimi S, Almuktar SAAAN, Scholz M. Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands. J Environ Manage 2021; 286:112160. [PMID: 33611067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Salimi
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Suhad A A A N Almuktar
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden; Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Basrah, Al Basrah, Iraq.
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden; Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Town Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation.
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Asam ZUZ, O'Driscoll C, Abbas M, O'Connor M, Waqas M, Rehan M, Nizami AS, Xiao L. Mechanism and role of seeded native grasses to immobilize nitrogen on harvested blanket peat forests for protection of water courses. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:24756-24770. [PMID: 33156503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forest harvesting activities on peatlands have long been associated with nutrient leaching and deterioration of downstream water quality. This study aims to assess the effect of grass seeding practice on harvested blanket peatlands to immobilize N and reduce its export to water courses. First, a plot-scale field experiment was conducted by seeding with two grass species (Holcus lanatus and Agrostis capillaris) to study the N uptake potential from a harvested area. Secondly, a simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to study the effect of these grasses on reducing N leaching from surface peat using laboratory flume approach. In the end, the role of seeded grasses in removing N from nutrient-rich throughflow water was assessed using simulated overland flow experiment. The results showed that the seeded grasses had the potential to uptake over 30 kg ha-1 of N in the first year after seeding on harvested peatlands, whereas it takes over 2.5 years to establish the same level of N uptake by natural re-vegetation (non-grassed). In the simulated rainfall experiment, the inorganic N (NH4+-N and NO3--N) leaching in surface runoff from grassed flumes was 72% lower (453 mg m-2) than non-grassed flumes (1643 mg m-2). In the simulated overland flow experiment, the N retention by grassed flumes was significantly higher (98%) as compared to non-grassed flumes (70%) in the simulated overland flow experiment. Comparatively higher concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N in soil porewaters of non-grassed flumes suggest that this N retention by non-grassed flumes is less sustainable and is likely to be leached in runoff in subsequent flow events. The results from all three experiments in this study suggest that seeded grasses are a major sink of N on harvested blanket peatland forests. Immobilization of N onsite using the grass seeding and mini-buffer practice could be an efficient and a feasible mean of reducing N export from harvested blanket peatland forests in order to protect the sensitive water courses. However, the sustainability of retention and immobilization of N by grasses needs to be studied further in long-term field-scale experiments on multiple peatland sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki-Ul-Zaman Asam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Connie O'Driscoll
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohsin Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Mark O'Connor
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Yakovlev E, Spirov R, Druzhinin S, Ocheretenko A, Druzhinina A, Mishchenko E, Zhukovskaya E. Atmospheric fallout of radionuclides in peat bogs in the Western Segment of the Russian Arctic. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:25460-25478. [PMID: 33459983 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of studies of the activity of radionuclides in peat-bog profiles of the European subarctic of Russia. Two peat profiles were collected in different areas of the Arkhangelsk region. The peat cores were used to determine 210Pb, 137Cs, 241Am, 239Pu, 240Pu, 238U, and 234U content. To estimate the relationship between radionuclide activity and physicochemical parameters of peat, the content of organic matter, water-soluble salts, carbonates and ash, and the pH of aqueous and salt extracts were studied. Radionuclide activity concentrations in peat samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), low-background semiconductor gamma spectrometry with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, and alpha spectrometry. The 210Pb chronology of peat cores was studied using a constant flow model based on the Monte Carlo simulation method. Comparison of 210Pb dating data showed that the position of the maximum activity peaks of anthropogenic radionuclides shifted along the peat profile. This is probably due to the relative mobility of different radionuclides in the peat massif. Measurement of the atomic ratio 240Pu/239Pu showed that the main sources of pollution in the peatlands of the European subarctic of Russia are global fallout from atmospheric tests from the 1950s through 1980 and fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986. This study shows that a complex of radioactive isotopes in peat deposits can provide valuable information on the environmental pollution loads of subarctic territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Yakovlev
- N. Laverov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109 Severnoj Dviny Emb., Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163000.
| | - Ruslan Spirov
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 4 Feduninskogo st., Gomel, 246007, Republic of Belarus
| | - Sergey Druzhinin
- N. Laverov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109 Severnoj Dviny Emb., Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163000
| | - Alina Ocheretenko
- N. Laverov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109 Severnoj Dviny Emb., Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163000
| | - Anna Druzhinina
- N. Laverov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109 Severnoj Dviny Emb., Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163000
| | - Egor Mishchenko
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 4 Feduninskogo st., Gomel, 246007, Republic of Belarus
| | - Evgeniya Zhukovskaya
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 4 Feduninskogo st., Gomel, 246007, Republic of Belarus
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Shi Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Xu Z, He C, Sheng L, Liu H, Wang Z. Shift in nitrogen transformation in peatland soil by nitrogen inputs. Sci Total Environ 2021; 764:142924. [PMID: 33127151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inputs of nitrogen (N) to peatlands in the form of fertilizers have rapidly increased due to the intensification of agricultural systems, impacting ecological processes, and the carbon storage function of peatland. However, detailed information on the impacts of long-term N inputs on the individual steps of N transformation processes in peatland soils still needs to be fully understood. We investigated N mineralization and nitrification rates as well as nitrite dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo), anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in a peatland affected by N inputs for >50 years, using isotope tracing technique and quantitative PCR. Based on the results, N inputs increased N mineralization and nitrification rates by 77 and 43%, respectively. Notably, the contributions of n-damo and anammox to N2 production were enhanced by 242 and 170%, accounting for 30 and 12%, respectively. The contributions of denitrification and DNRA to N2 production decreased by 27 and 52%, accounting for 48 and 10% of N2 production, respectively. Nitrifier abundance increased significantly, with AOA being the dominant prokaryote (from 696 to 1090 copies g-1), but AOB responded more strongly to N inputs (from 5 to 68 copies g-1). The N inputs also promoted the growth of n-damo and anammox bacteria, whose abundances increased by 3.7% (from 565 to 586 copies g-1) and 85.7% (from 305 to 567 copies g-1), respectively, while denitrifier abundance was significantly reduced, with nirK and nirS abundances decreasing by 58% (from 738 to 308 copies g-1) and 50% (from 218 to 109 copies g-1), respectively. Soil pH was the key environmental factor influencing N transformations. We show that n-damo plays important roles in N cycling in peatland subjected to N inputs, providing a scientific basis for improved peatland management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Chunguang He
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
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Finér L, Lepistö A, Karlsson K, Räike A, Härkönen L, Huttunen M, Joensuu S, Kortelainen P, Mattsson T, Piirainen S, Sallantaus T, Sarkkola S, Tattari S, Ukonmaanaho L. Drainage for forestry increases N, P and TOC export to boreal surface waters. Sci Total Environ 2021; 762:144098. [PMID: 33373747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
More reliable assessments of nutrient export to surface waters and the Baltic Sea are required to achieve good ecological status of all water bodies. Previous nutrient export estimates have recently been questioned since they did not include the long-term impacts of drainage for forestry. We made new estimates of the total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P) and total organic carbon (TOC) export from forests to surface waters at different spatial scales in Finland. This was done by formulating statistical equations between streamwater concentrations and climate, soil, forest management and runoff variables and spatial data on catchment characteristics. The equations were based on a large, long-term runoff and streamwater quality dataset, which was collected from 28 pristine and 61 managed boreal forest catchments located around Finland. We found that the concentrations increased with temperature sum (TS), i.e. from north to south. Nitrogen, P and TOC concentrations increased with the proportion of drained areas in the catchment; those of N and TOC also increased with the proportion of peatlands. In contrast, with the increasing concentrations of N and TOC with time, P concentrations showed a decreasing trend over the last few decades. According to our estimates, altogether 47,300 Mg of N, 1780 Mg of P and 1814 Gg of TOC is transported from forest areas to surface waters in Finland. Forest management contributes 17% of the N export, 35% of the P export and 12% of the TOC export. Our new forest management export estimates for N and P are more than two times higher than the old estimates used by the environment authorities. The differences may be explained by the long-term impact of forest drainage. The spatial results indicate that peatland forests are hotspots for N, P and TOC export, especially in the river basins draining to the Gulf of Bothnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Finér
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Yliopistokatu 6b, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Ahti Lepistö
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Karlsson
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Teknologiakatu 7, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Antti Räike
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Härkönen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Huttunen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Joensuu
- Tapio Ltd., Maistraatinportti 4, FI-00240 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Kortelainen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Mattsson
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Piirainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Yliopistokatu 6b, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tapani Sallantaus
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Sarkkola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirkka Tattari
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Ukonmaanaho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Wieder RK, Vile MA, Scott KD, Albright CM, Quinn JC, Vitt DH. Bog plant/lichen tissue nitrogen and sulfur concentrations as indicators of emissions from oil sands development in Alberta, Canada. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:208. [PMID: 33755795 PMCID: PMC7987692 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing gaseous emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) associated with oil sands development in northern Alberta (Canada) has led to changing regional wet and dry N and S deposition regimes. We assessed the potential for using bog plant/lichen tissue chemistry (N and S concentrations, C:N and C:S ratios, in 10 plant/lichen species) to monitor changing atmospheric N and S deposition through sampling at five bog sites, 3-6 times per growing season from 2009 to 2016. During this 8-year period, oil sands N emissions steadily increased, while S emissions steadily decreased. We examined the following: (1) whether each species showed changes in tissue chemistry with increasing distance from the Syncrude and Suncor upgrader stacks (the two largest point sources of N and S emissions); (2) whether tissue chemistry changed over the 8 year period in ways that were consistent with increasing N and decreasing S emissions from oil sands facilities; and (3) whether tissue chemistry was correlated with growing season wet deposition of NH4+-N, NO3--N, or SO42--S. Based on these criteria, the best biomonitors of a changing N deposition regime were Evernia mesomorpha, Sphagnum fuscum, and Vaccinium oxycoccos. The best biomonitors of a changing S deposition regime were Evernia mesomorpha, Cladonia mitis, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Vaccinium oxycoccos, and Picea mariana. Changing N and S deposition regimes in the oil sands region appear to be influencing N and S cycling in what once were pristine ombrotrophic bogs, to the extent that these bogs may effectively monitor future spatial and temporal patterns of deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kelman Wieder
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, T9S 3A3, Canada.
| | - Melanie A Vile
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, T9S 3A3, Canada
- Department of Health, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
| | - Kimberli D Scott
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Cara M Albright
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - James C Quinn
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Dale H Vitt
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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49
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Nieminen E, Salovaara K, Halme P, Kotiaho JS. No evidence of systematic pre-emptive loggings after notifying landowners of their lands' conservation potential. Ambio 2021; 50:465-474. [PMID: 32578123 PMCID: PMC7782606 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Landowners can intentionally impair biodiversity values occurring on their land to pre-empt biodiversity protection. This often leads to significant negative effects on biodiversity. We studied whether landowners in Finland engaged in pre-emptive loggings after they were notified that their wooded mires are candidate sites for a mire protection program. After the notification, harvesting rates of the candidate wooded mires were significantly lower compared to harvesting rates of similar but non-candidate wooded mires. Annual and monthly harvesting rates indicated that notifying landowners of the conservation potential did not launch systematic pre-emptive logging behavior. Nevertheless, part of the candidate wooded mires were logged, so some landowners place more weight on other values than the biodiversity ones. Pre-emptive behavior has been observed in other studies suggesting that many country- or system-specific factors such as cultural background or level of compensation can affect landowners' behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eini Nieminen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kalle Salovaara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Panu Halme
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Janne Sakari Kotiaho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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50
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Bertrand G, Ponçot A, Pohl B, Lhosmot A, Steinmann M, Johannet A, Pinel S, Caldirak H, Artigue G, Binet P, Bertrand C, Collin L, Magnon G, Gilbert D, Laggoun-Deffarge F, Toussaint ML. Statistical hydrology for evaluating peatland water table sensitivity to simple environmental variables and climate changes application to the mid-latitude/altitude Frasne peatland (Jura Mountains, France). Sci Total Environ 2021; 754:141931. [PMID: 33254862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are habitats for a range of fragile flora and fauna species. Their eco-physicochemical characteristics make them as outstanding global carbon and water storage systems. These ecosystems occupy 3% of the worldwide emerged land surface but represent 30% of the global organic soil carbon and 10% of the global fresh water volumes. In such systems, carbon speciation depends to a large extent on specific redox conditions which are mainly governed by the depth of the water table. Hence, understanding their hydrological variability, that conditions both their ecological and biogeochemical functions, is crucial for their management, especially when anticipating their future evolution under climate change. This study illustrates how long-term monitoring of basic hydro-meteorological parameters combined with statistical modeling can be used as a tool to evaluate i) the horizontal (type of peat), ii) vertical (acrotelm/catotelm continuum) and iii) future hydrological variability. Using cross-correlations between meteorological data (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration) and water table depth (WTD), we primarily highlight the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological reactivity across the Sphagnum-dominated Frasne peatland (French Jura Mountain). Then, a multiple linear regression model allows performing hydrological projections until 2100, according to regionalized IPCC RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Although WTD remains stable during the first half of 21th century, seasonal trends beyond 2050 show lower WTD in winter and markedly greater WTD in summer. In particular, after 2050, more frequent droughts in summer and autumn should occur, increasing WTD. These projections are completed with risk evaluations for peatland droughts until 2100 that appear to be increasing especially for transition seasons, i.e. May-June and September-October. Comparing these trends with previous evaluations of phenol concentrations in water throughout the vegetative period, considered as a proxy of plant functioning intensity, highlights that these hydrological modifications during transitional seasons could be a great ecological perturbation, especially by affecting Sphagnum metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bertrand
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France.
| | - Alex Ponçot
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France.
| | - Benjamin Pohl
- Biogéosciences, UMR6282 CNRS, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 boulevard Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Lhosmot
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | - Marc Steinmann
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | - Anne Johannet
- IMT Mines Ales, 8, rue Jules Renard, 30319 Alès cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Pinel
- IMT Mines Ales, 8, rue Jules Renard, 30319 Alès cedex, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Binet
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | - Catherine Bertrand
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | - Louis Collin
- EPAGE Syndicat Mixte Haut-Doubs Haute-Loue, 3 rue de la gare, 25560 Frasne, France
| | - Geneviève Magnon
- EPAGE Syndicat Mixte Haut-Doubs Haute-Loue, 3 rue de la gare, 25560 Frasne, France
| | - Daniel Gilbert
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | | | - Marie-Laure Toussaint
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
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