1
|
Junaid M, Hamid N, Liu S, Abbas Z, Imran M, Haider MR, Wang B, Chen G, Khan HK, Yue Q, Xu N, Wang J. Interactive impacts of photoaged micro(nano)plastics and co-occurring chemicals in the environment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172213. [PMID: 38580116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In the environment, sunlight or ultraviolet (UV) radiation is considered to be the primary cause of plastic aging, leading to their fragmentation into particles, including micro(nano)plastics (MNPs). Photoaged MNPs possess diverse interactive properties and ecotoxicological implications substantially different from those of pristine plastic particles. This review aims to highlight the mechanisms and implications of UV-induced photoaging of MNPs, with an emphasis on various UV sources and their interactions with co-occurring organic and inorganic chemicals, as well as the associated ecological and health impacts and factors affecting those interactions. Compared to UV-B, UV-A and UV-C were more widely used in laboratory studies for MNP degradation. Photoaged MNPs act as vectors for the transportation of organic pollutants, organic matter, and inorganic chemicals in the environment. Literature showed that photoaged MNPs exhibit a higher sorption capacity for PPCPs, PAHs, PBDEs, pesticides, humic acid, fulvic acid, heavy metals, and metallic nanoparticles than pristine MNPs, potentially causing significant changes in associated ecological and health impacts. Combined exposure to photoaged MNPs and organic and inorganic pollutants significantly altered mortality rate, decreased growth rate, histological alterations, neurological impairments, reproductive toxicity, induced oxidative stress, thyroid disruption, hepatotoxicity, and genotoxicity in vivo, both in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Limited studies were reported in vitro and found decreased cellular growth and survival, induced oxidative stress, and compromised the permeability and integrity of the cell membrane. In addition, several environmental factors (temperature, organic matter, ionic strength, time, and pH), MNP properties (polymer types, sizes, surface area, shapes, colour, and concentration), and chemical properties (pollutant type, concentration, and physiochemical properties) can influence the photoaging of MNPs and associated impacts. Lastly, the research gaps and prospects of MNP photoaging and associated implications were also summarized. Future research should focus on the photoaging of MNPs under environmentally relevant conditions, exploiting the polydisperse characteristics of environmental plastics, to make this process more realistic for mitigating plastic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Naima Hamid
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Shulin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zohaib Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Haider
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Guanglong Chen
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Hudda Khaleeq Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee YL, Jaafar NR, Ling JG, Huyop F, Abu Bakar FD, Rahman RA, Illias RM. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates of polyethylene terephthalate hydrolyse (PETase) from Ideonella sakaiensis for the improvement of plastic degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130284. [PMID: 38382786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most produced plastics globally and its accumulation in the environment causes harm to the ecosystem. Polyethylene terephthalate hydrolyse (PETase) is an enzyme that can degrade PET into its monomers. However, free PETase lacks operational stabilities and is not reusable. In this study, development of cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) of PETase using amylopectin (Amy) as cross-linker was introduced to solve the limitations of free PETase. PETase-Amy-CLEA exhibited activity recovery of 81.9 % at its best immobilization condition. Furthermore, PETase-Amy-CLEA exhibited 1.37-, 2.75-, 2.28- and 1.36-fold higher half-lives than free PETase at 50 °C, 45 °C, 40 °C and 35 °C respectively. Moreover, PETase-Amy-CLEA showed broader pH stability from pH 5 to 10 and could be reused up to 5 cycles. PETase-Amy-CLEA retained >70 % of initial activity after 40 days of storage at 4 °C. In addition, lower Km of PETase-Amy-CLEA indicated better substrate affinity than free enzyme. PETase-Amy-CLEA corroded PET better and products yielded was 66.7 % higher than free PETase after 32 h of treatment. Hence, the enhanced operational stabilities, storage stability, reusability and plastic degradation ability are believed to make PETase-Amy-CLEA a promising biocatalyst in plastic degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin Lee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nardiah Rizwana Jaafar
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Guyang Ling
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Farah Diba Abu Bakar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Roshanida A Rahman
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang HT, Huang YH, Ho YN. Oceanimonas pelagia sp. nov., a novel biosurfactant-producing and plastic-degrading potential bacterium isolated from marine coastal sediment. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:49. [PMID: 38448684 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A marine bacterial strain, named NTOU-MSR1T, was isolated from marine sediment of northern coast of Taiwan. This bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, and motile, with a single flagellum. Its rod-shaped cells measured approximately 0.5-0.6 µm in width and 1.8-2.0 μm in length. NTOU-MSR1T grew at temperatures ranging from 10 to 45 °C, optimally at 30 °C. The pH range for growth was 7.0-10.0, with optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0. It tolerated NaCl concentrations up to 12%. The cell membrane predominantly contained fatty acids such C16:1ω7c, C18:1ω7c, and C16:0. The overall genome relatedness indices indicated that strain NTOU-MSR1T had an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 87.88% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 35.40% compared to its closest related species, O. marisflavi 102-Na3T. These values fell below the 95% and 70% threshold for species delineation, respectively. These findings suggested that the strain NTOU-MSR1T was a new member of the Oceanimonas genus. Its genomic DNA had a G + C content of 61.0 mol%. Genomic analysis revealed genes associated with the catechol branch of β- ketoadipate pathway for degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, resistance to heavy metal, biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate and the production of glycoside hydrolases (GH19, GH23, and GH103) for chitin and glycan digestion. Additionally, NTOU-MSR1T was capable of synthesizing biosurfactants and potentially degrading plastic. The proposed name for this new species is Oceanimonas pelagia, with the type strain designated as NTOU-MSR1T (= BCRC 81403T = JCM 36023T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Tsu Yang
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ning Ho
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Ocean Genome Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wahl A, Davranche M, Rabiller-Baudry M, Pédrot M, Khatib I, Labonne F, Canté M, Cuisinier C, Gigault J. Condition of composted microplastics after they have been buried for 30 years: Vertical distribution in the soil and degree of degradation. J Hazard Mater 2024; 462:132686. [PMID: 37866145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in soils are a growing concern. Composting household wastes can introduce microplastics to agroecosystems, because when unsorted compost is used as a fertilizer, the plastic debris it contains degrades to microplastics. This paper examines the distribution and degradation of microplastics in agricultural soil samples to investigate their potential mobility. The source of microplastics was a household waste compost added to the soil more than 30 years before the study. The microplastics were sorted from a plot-composite soil and characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The microplastics are present in the cultivated depth but have not been transferred deeper (2.9 g kg-1 in the 0-5 cm soil depth against 0.9 g kg-1 in the 30-35 cm soil depth). Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and Polyvinylchloride (PVC) were identified in the forms of heterogeneous fragments, films, and fibres and accounted for 90% of the total microplastics. Advanced degradation observed was mainly assumed to be due to composting, though the plastic may have degraded further in the soil matrix. Highly degraded plastics are a greater danger for further leaching of contaminants into soil and our food supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Wahl
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mélanie Davranche
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Murielle Rabiller-Baudry
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Pédrot
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Imane Khatib
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabian Labonne
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marion Canté
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Candice Cuisinier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Julien Gigault
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France; TAKUVIK CNRS/ULaval, UMI3376, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rojas-Vargas J, Castelán-Sánchez HG, Pardo-López L. HADEG: A curated hydrocarbon aerobic degradation enzymes and genes database. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 107:107966. [PMID: 37778093 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Databases of genes and enzymes involved in hydrocarbon degradation have been previously reported. However, these databases specialize on only a specific group of hydrocarbons and/or are constructed partly based on enzyme sequences with putative functions indicated by in silico research, with no experimental evidence. Here, we present a curated database of Hydrocarbon Aerobic Degradation Enzymes and Genes (HADEG) containing proteins and genes involved in alkane, alkene, aromatic, and plastic aerobic degradation and biosurfactant production based solely on experimental evidence, which are present in bacteria, and fungi. HADEG includes 259 proteins for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation, 160 for plastic degradation, and 32 for biosurfactant production. This database will help identify and predict hydrocarbon degradation genes/pathways and biosurfactant production in genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rojas-Vargas
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Hugo G Castelán-Sánchez
- Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, Grupo de Genómica y Dinámica Evolutiva de Microorganismos Emergentes, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, CP 03940 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Liliana Pardo-López
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Z, Murat Ç, Nakano H, Arakawa H. Accessing the intrinsic factors of carbonyl index of microplastics: Physical and spectral properties, baseline correction, calculation methods, and their interdependence. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 197:115700. [PMID: 37897964 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl index (CI) is a measure of the degradation status of microplastics. While many studies address environmental factors of microplastic degradation, intrinsic factors like physical properties, spectral properties, baseline correction, and CI calculation methods are less explored. This research focused on these aspects using surface seawater samples. We found that color and shape have limited dependence on particle size or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Baseline correction can significantly alter CI values, with the direction of the shift depending on the methods used. Additionally, most CI values before and after baseline correction and those calculated using different methods tend to be strongly correlated. Using the selected CI calculation methods, we found that CI values varied significantly by shape and color. CI's relation to the similarity between the sample and its pristine form suggests an alternative degradation measure. Our findings emphasize the need for standardized CI calculation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijiang Yang
- Faculty of Marine Resources and Environment, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Çelik Murat
- Faculty of Marine Resources and Environment, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Haruka Nakano
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Hisayuki Arakawa
- Faculty of Marine Resources and Environment, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adıgüzel AO, Şen F, Könen-Adıgüzel S, Kıdeyş AE, Karahan A, Doruk T, Tunçer M. Identification of Cutinolytic Esterase from Microplastic-Associated Microbiota Using Functional Metagenomics and Its Plastic Degrading Potential. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00916-7. [PMID: 37815749 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has threatened biodiversity and human health by shrinking habitats, reducing food quality, and limiting the activities of organisms. Therefore, global interest in discovering novel enzymes capable of degrading plastics has increased considerably. Within this context, the functional metagenomic approach, which allows for unlocking the functional potential of uncultivable microbial biodiversity, was used to discover a plastic-degrading enzyme. First, metagenomic libraries derived from microplastic-associated microbiota were screened for esterases capable of degrading both tributyrin and polycaprolactone. Clone KAD01 produced esterase highly active against p-nitrophenyl esters (C2-C16). The gene corresponding to the enzyme activity showed moderate identity (≤ 55.94%) to any known esterases/cutinases. The gene was extracellularly expressed with a 6× histidine tag in E. coli BL21(DE3), extracellularly. Titer of the enzyme (CEstKAD01) was raised from 21.32 to 35.17 U/mL by the statistical optimization of expression conditions and media components. CEstKAD01 was most active at pH 7.0 and 30 °C. It was noteworthy stable over a wide pH (6.0-10.0) and temperature (20-50 °C). The enzyme was active and stable in elevated NaCl concentrations up to 12% (w/v). Pre-incubation of CEstKAD01 with Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ increased the enzyme activity. CEstKAD01 displayed an excellent tolerance against various chemicals and solvents. It was determined that 1 mg of the enzyme caused the release of 5.39 ± 0.18 mM fatty acids from 1 g apple cutin in 120 min. Km and Vmax values of CEstKAD01 against p-nitrophenyl butyrate were calculated to be 1.48 mM and 20.37 µmol/min, respectively. The enzyme caused 6.94 ± 0.55, 8.71 ± 0.56, 7.47 ± 0.47, and 9.22 ± 0.18% of weight loss in polystyrene, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride after 30-day incubation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated the formation of holes and pits on the plastic surfaces supporting the degradation. In addition, the change in chemical structure in plastics treated with the enzyme was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Finally, the degradation products were found to have no genotoxic potential. To our knowledge, no cutinolytic esterase with the potential to degrade polystyrene (PS), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been identified from metagenomes derived from microplastic-associated microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman Adıgüzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55000, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Şen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55000, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Erkan Kıdeyş
- Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karahan
- Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tuğrul Doruk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55000, Turkey
| | - Münir Tunçer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55000, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alimi OS, Claveau-Mallet D, Lapointe M, Biu T, Liu L, Hernandez LM, Bayen S, Tufenkji N. Effects of weathering on the properties and fate of secondary microplastics from a polystyrene single-use cup. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:131855. [PMID: 37478596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we probed the changes to some physicochemical properties of polystyrene microplastics generated from a disposable cup as a result of UV-weathering, using a range of spectroscopy, microscopy, and profilometry techniques. Thereafter, we aimed to understand how these physicochemical changes affect the microplastic transport potential and contaminant sorption ability in model freshwaters. Exposure to UV led to measured changes in microplastic hydrophobicity (20-23 % decrease), density (3% increase), carbonyl index (up to 746 % increase), and microscale roughness (24-86 % increase). The settling velocity of the microplastics increased by 53 % after weathering which suggests that UV aging can increase microplastic deposition to sediments. This impact of aging was greater than the effect of the water temperature. Weathered microplastics exhibited reduced sorption capacity (up to 52 % decrease) to a model hydrophobic contaminant (triclosan) compared to unaged ones. The adsorption of triclosan to both microplastics was slightly reversible with notable desorption hysteresis. These combined effects of weathering could potentially increase the transport potential while decreasing the contaminant transport abilities of microplastics. This work provides new insights on the sorption capacity and mobility of a secondary microplastic, advances our knowledge about their risks in aquatic environments, and the need to use environmentally relevant microplastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola S Alimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5 Canada; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9 Canada.
| | - Dominique Claveau-Mallet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5 Canada; Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lapointe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5 Canada; Department of Construction Engineering, École de technologie supérieure - University of Québec, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Thinh Biu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura M Hernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barili S, Bernetti A, Sannino C, Montegiove N, Calzoni E, Cesaretti A, Pinchuk I, Pezzolla D, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Emiliani C, Gigliotti G. Impact of PVC microplastics on soil chemical and microbiological parameters. Environ Res 2023; 229:115891. [PMID: 37059323 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants whose occurrence is a global problem in natural ecosystems including soil. Among MPs, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a well-known polymer with remarkable resistance to degradation, and because its recalcitrant nature serious environmental concerns are created during manufacturing and waste disposal. The effect of PVC (0.021% w/w) on chemical and microbial parameters of an agricultural soil was tested by a microcosm experiment at different incubation times (from 3 to 360 days). Among chemical parameters, soil CO2 emission, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) activity, total organic C (TOC), total N, water extractable organic C (WEOC), water extractable N (WEN) and SUVA254 were considered, while the structure of soil microbial communities was studied at different taxonomic levels (phylum and genus) by sequencing bacterial 16S and fungal ITS2 rDNA (Illumina MiSeq). Although some fluctuations were found, chemical and microbiological parameters exhibited some significant trends. Significant (p < 0.05) variations of soil CO2 emission, FDA hydrolysis, TOC, WEOC and WEN were found in PVC-treated soils over different incubation times. Considering the structure of soil microbial communities, the presence of PVC significantly (p < 0.05) affected the abundances of specific bacterial and fungal taxa: Candidatus_Saccharibacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Bacteroides among bacteria, and Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Ascomycota among fungi. After one year of experiment, a reduction of the number and the dimensions of PVC was detected supposing a possible role of microorganisms on PVC degradation. The abundance of both bacterial and fungal taxa at phylum and genus level was also affected by PVC, suggesting that the impact of this polymer could be taxa-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Barili
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bernetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciro Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Nicolò Montegiove
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Calzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Irina Pinchuk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gigliotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tiwari R, Azad N, Dutta D, Yadav BR, Kumar S. A critical review and future perspective of plastic waste recycling. Sci Total Environ 2023; 881:163433. [PMID: 37061055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is increasing rapidly due to urbanisation and globalization. In recent decades, plastic usage increased, and the upward trend is expected to continue. Only 9% of the 7 billion tonnes of plastic produced were recycled in India until 2022. India generates 1.5 million tonnes of plastic waste (PW) every year and ranks among top ten plastic producer countries. Large amount of waste plastics could harm environment and human health. The current manuscript provides a comprehensive approach for mechanical and chemical recycling methods. The technical facets of mechanical recycling relating to collection, sorting, grading, and general management to create plastic products with additional value have been elaborated in this study. Another sustainable methods aligned with the chemical recycling using pyrolysis, gasification, hydrocracking, IH2 (Integrated Hydropyrolysis 2), and KDV (Katalytische Drucklose Verolung) techniques have also been highlighted with the critical process parameters for the sustainable conversion of plastic waste to valuable products. The review also adheres to less carbon-intensive plastic degrading strategies that take a biomimetic approach using the microorganism based biodegradation. The informative aspects covering the limitations and effectiveness of all PW technologies and its applications towards plastic waste management (PWM) are also emphasized. The existing practices in PW policy guidelines along with its economic and ecological aspects have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- CSIR- National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Numanuddin Azad
- CSIR- National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Deblina Dutta
- CSIR- National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522 240, India
| | - Bholu Ram Yadav
- CSIR- National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR- National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Poon NY, Sinskey AJ, Zhou K. Engineering Escherichia coli to assimilate β-alanine as a major carbon source. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12574-5. [PMID: 37249589 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The threat of global plastic waste accumulation has spurred the exploration of plastics derived from biological sources. A well-known example is polyester made of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO). However, there is no known pathway to assimilate 1,3-PDO into the central carbon metabolism, posing a potential challenge to upcycling such plastic wastes. Here, we proposed that the 1,3-PDO assimilation pathway could pass through malonate semialdehyde (MSA) as an intermediate. Since MSA is a toxic aldehyde, β-alanine was chosen as a surrogate substrate in this study to construct the lower part of the proposed pathway. To this end, we successfully engineered E. coli MG1655 to assimilate β-alanine as the major carbon source. β-alanine could be easily converted into MSA using a β-alanine/pyruvate transaminase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaBapt). However, the subsequent step to generate acetyl-CoA from MSA was unknown. After a series of phenotype screenings, adaptive laboratory evolution and transcriptomic analysis, two CoA-acylating MSA dehydrogenases from Vibrio natriegens (VnMmsD), were found to be able to complete the metabolic pathway. Optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of the resulting strain E. coli BA02 could reach 4.5 after 96 h. Two approaches were subsequently used to improve its performance. First, PaBapt and both VnMmsDs were expressed from a single plasmid to mitigate antibiotic stress. Second, a native 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase (EcYdfG) was disrupted to address the carbon loss to 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP) production from MSA. OD600 of the best-performing strain E. coli BA07∆ could reach 6 within 24 h using 5 g/L β-alanine. The construction of E. coli BA07∆ lays a solid foundation to establishing a 1,3-PDO assimilation pathway. KEYPOINTS: • This study demonstrates the implementation of a metabolic pathway to assimilate β-alanine as the major carbon source in E. coli MG1655. • Two V. natriegens CoA-acylating methyl malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenases were used to complete the pathway in E. coli BA02. • The construction of E. coli BA02 also revealed the plasmid fusion event between two plasmids with the same replication origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nga Yu Poon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li M, Pan Y, Hou Z, Wu Z, Zeng Z, Wang B. Plastic or plastic-free life: From formation to removal. Sci Total Environ 2023:164359. [PMID: 37225102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have caused global environmental concerns due to their ubiquitous existence in our surrounding environment and the potential threats posed to the ecosystem and human health. This review aims to extend current knowledge on the formation and degradation of MPs and NPs. The paper presents the potential sources of MPs and NPs including plastic containers, textiles, cosmetics, personal care products, COVID-19 wastes, and other plastic products. Once in the natural environment, the fragmentation and degradation of plastic wastes are thought to be initiated by physical, chemical, and biological factors. The corresponding degradation mechanism will be presented in the present review. Given the plastic life and environment, humans are inevitably exposed to MPs and NPs through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The potential risks MPs/NPs pose to humans will be also discussed in our study. Currently, the relevance of MP/NP exposure to human health outcomes is still controversial and not yet fully understood. Deciphering the translocation and degradation of plastics in the human body will be helpful to reveal their potential organotoxicity. In this case, available approaches to alleviate MP/NP pollution and advanced strategies to reduce MP/NP toxicity in humans are recommended to build a plastic-free life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zongkun Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhenyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ali S, Rehman A, Hussain SZ, Bukhari DA. Characterization of plastic degrading bacteria isolated from sewage wastewater. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103628. [PMID: 37064755 PMCID: PMC10090700 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic is a fundamental polymer used in routine life and disposed of in sewage. It leads to microplastic pollution in aquatic organisms, introducing it into the food chain and affecting human health. In the present study, samples were collected from sewage wastewater to isolate the bacteria that could potentially reduce plastic. The six samples were incubated with plastic pieces in minimal salt media for 120 days. After 120 days, the weight loss experiment showed that samples SH5B and SH6B degraded 25% plastic. After chemical and molecular characterization, these strains were identified as Pseudomonas sp. SH5B and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SH6B. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed peaks shifting, indicating bond stretching, bond bending, and new bond formation. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed various new compounds produced during plastic degradation by these bacterial strains. The plastic biodegradation potential makes these bacteria an impending foundation for green chemistry to eradicate tough pollutants from the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt 54792, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tamayo-Belda M, Venâncio C, Fernandez-Piñas F, Rosal R, Lopes I, Oliveira M. Effects of petroleum-based and biopolymer-based nanoplastics on aquatic organisms: A case study with mechanically degraded pristine polymers. Sci Total Environ 2023; 883:163447. [PMID: 37094675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mismanaged plastic litter submitted to environmental conditions may breakdown into smaller fragments, eventually reaching nano-scale particles (nanoplastics, NPLs). In this study, pristine beads of four different types of polymers, three oil-based (polypropylene, PP; polystyrene, PS; and low-density polyethylene, LDPE) and one bio-based (polylactic acid, PLA) were mechanically broken down to obtain more environmentally realistic NPLs and its toxicity to two freshwater secondary consumers was assessed. Thus, effects on the cnidarian Hydra viridissima (mortality, morphology, regeneration ability, and feeding behavior) and the fish Danio rerio (mortality, morphological alterations, and swimming behavior) were tested at NPLs concentrations in the 0.001 to 100 mg/L range. Mortality and several morphological alterations were observed on hydras exposed to 10 and 100 mg/L PP and 100 mg/L LDPE, whilst regeneration capacity was overall accelerated. The locomotory activity of D. rerio larvae was affected by NPLs (decreased swimming time, distance or turning frequency) at environmentally realistic concentrations (as low as 0.001 mg/L). Overall, petroleum- and bio-based NPLs elicited pernicious effects on tested model organisms, especially PP, LDPE and PLA. Data allowed the estimation of NPLs effective concentrations and showed that biopolymers may also induce relevant toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tamayo-Belda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cátia Venâncio
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liro M, van Emmerik THM, Zielonka A, Gallitelli L, Mihai FC. The unknown fate of macroplastic in mountain rivers. Sci Total Environ 2023; 865:161224. [PMID: 36584957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mountain rivers are typically seen as relatively pristine ecosystems, supporting numerous goods (e.g., water resources) for human populations living not only in the mountain regions but also downstream from them. However recent evidence suggests that mountain river valleys in populated areas can be substantially polluted by macroplastic (plastic item >25 mm). It is unknown how distinct characteristics of mountain rivers modulate macroplastic routes through them, which makes planning effective mitigation strategies difficult. To stimulate future works on this gap, we present a conceptual model of macroplastic transport pathways through mountain river. Based on this model, we formulate four hypotheses on macroplastic input, transport and mechanical degradation in mountain rivers. Then, we propose designs of field experiments that allow each hypothesis to be tested. We hypothesize that some natural characteristics of mountain river catchments can accelerate the input of improperly disposed macroplastic waste from the slope to the river. Further, we hypothesize that specific hydromorphological characteristics of mountain rivers (e.g., high flow velocity) accelerate the downstream transport rate of macroplastic and together with the presence of shallow water and coarse bed sediments it can accelerate mechanical degradation of macroplastic in river channels, accelerating secondary microplastic production. The above suggests that mountain rivers in populated areas can act as microplastic factories, which are able to produce more microplastic from the same amount of macroplastic waste inputted into them (in comparison to lowland rivers that have a different hydromorphology). The produced risks can not only affect mountain rivers but can also be transported downstream. The challenge for the future is how to manage the hypothesized risks, especially in mountain areas particularly exposed to plastic pollution due to waste management deficiencies, high tourism pressure, poor ecological awareness of the population and lack of uniform regional and global regulations for the problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Liro
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tim H M van Emmerik
- Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Zielonka
- Faculty of Geography and Geology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Luca Gallitelli
- University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Florin-Constantin Mihai
- CERNESIM Center, Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, Shi J, Mao L, Lu B, Kang X, Jin H. Base- or acid-assisted polystyrene plastic degradation in supercritical CO 2. Waste Dispos Sustain Energy 2023; 5:1-11. [PMID: 37359813 PMCID: PMC10023313 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-023-00139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Plastic has caused serious "white pollution" to the environment, and the highly inert characteristics of plastic bring a major challenge for degradation. Supercritical fluids have unique physical properties and have been widely used in various fields. In this work, supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) with mild conditions was selected and assisted by NaOH/HCl solution to degrade polystyrene (PS) plastic, and the reaction model was designed using response surface methodology (RSM). It was found that, regardless of the types of assistance solutions, the factors affecting PS degradation efficiencies were reaction temperature, reaction time, and NaOH/HCl concentration. At the temperature of 400 °C, time of 120 min, and base/acid concentration of 5% (in weight), 0.15 g PS produced 126.88/116.99±5 mL of gases with 74.18/62.78±5 mL of H2, and consumed 81.2/71.5±5 mL of CO2. Sc-CO2 created a homogeneous environment, which made PS highly dispersed and uniformly heated, thus promoting the degradation of PS. Moreover, Sc-CO2 also reacted with the degradation products to produce new CO and more CH4 and C2Hx (x=4, 6). Adding NaOH/HCl solution not only improved the solubility of PS in Sc-CO2, but also provided a base/acid environment that reduced the activation energy of the reaction, and effectively improved the degradation efficiencies of PS. In short, degrading PS in Sc-CO2 is feasible, and better results are obtained with the assistance of base/acid solution, which can provide a reference for the disposal of waste plastics in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42768-023-00139-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Jinwen Shi
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Liuhao Mao
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Bingru Lu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Xing Kang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Hui Jin
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ali S, Bukhari DA, Rehman A. Call for biotechnological approach to degrade plastic in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103583. [PMID: 36748033 PMCID: PMC9893805 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a global issue and has become a major concern since Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. In developing nations, landfilling and illegal waste disposal are typical ways to dispose of COVID-19-infected material. These technologies worsen plastic pollution and other human and animal health problems. Plastic degrades in light and heat, generating hazardous primary and secondary micro-plastic. Certain bacteria can degrade artificial polymers using genes, enzymes, and metabolic pathways. Microorganisms including bacteria degrade petrochemical plastics slowly. High molecular weight, strong chemical bonds, and excessive hydrophobicity reduce plastic biodegradation. There is not enough study on genes, enzymes, and bacteria-plastic interactions. Synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and bioinformatics methods have been created to biodegrade synthetic polymers. This review will focus on how microorganisms' degrading capacity can be increased using recent biotechnological techniques.
Collapse
Key Words
- BHET, bis(2-hydroxyethyl
- Bacteria
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease-19
- FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared
- HDPE, High-density polyethene
- LDPE, Low-density polyethene
- MHET, Mono(2-hydroxyethyl
- MP, Microplastics
- Microorganisms
- NP, Nanoplastics
- PE, Polyethene
- PES, Polyethylene succinate
- PET, Polyethylene terephthalate
- PP, Polypropylene
- PPE, Personal protective equipment
- PS, Polystyrene
- PVC, Polyvinyl chloride
- Plastic degradation
- Plastic pollution
- TCA, Tricarboxylic acid
- TPA, Terephthalic acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dilara A. Bukhari
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan,Correspondence author at: Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jin L, Feng P, Cheng Z, Wang D. Effect of biodegrading polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride on the growth and development of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:37118-37126. [PMID: 36571680 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) larvae can depolymerize and degrade polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In this study, mealworms were utilized to biodegrade PE, PS, and PVC. Additionally, the effects of plastic degradation on the growth and development of yellow mealworm larvae were investigated by investigating the physiological indices and nutritional components of the larvae after plastic degradation. The results showed that degradation of plastics (PS, PE, and PVC) was promoted at a feeding amount of 0.50 g. However, the degradation of PVC at this concentration increased the mortality of yellow mealworms. In contrast, the degradation of a small amount of PS (0.10 g) promoted the nutritional value of crude protein (45.7 ± 2.08%) and phosphorus (1.23 ± 0.04%), had a lower larval mortality rate (7.90 ± 1.10%), and thus did not have a significant effect on the growth and development of yellow mealworms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- Daqing Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Daqing, 163316, China
| | - Peng Feng
- Daqing Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Daqing, 163316, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environment Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Di Wang
- Daqing Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Daqing, 163316, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kosheleva A, Gadaleta G, De Gisi S, Heerenklage J, Picuno C, Notarnicola M, Kuchta K, Sorrentino A. Co-digestion of food waste and cellulose-based bioplastic: From batch to semi-continuous scale investigation. Waste Manag 2023; 156:272-281. [PMID: 36521212 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Only few studies on the behaviour of bioplastics in anaerobic co-digestion could be found in literature and most of them are conducted in batch mode. Despite the fact that continuous experiments confirm or add new insight to the findings acquired from batch ones, there is still lack of such studies. This work aims to cover this gap, carrying out a semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and cellulose acetate (which its behaviour under anaerobic environment is also quite unexplored). After a first evaluation of the potential methane production from each substrate at batch scale, the semi-continuous co-digestion of food waste and cellulose acetate was carried out in three configurations. During the semi-continuous process, a methane yield of 331 NmlCH4/gVS was generated from the co-digestion of food waste and cellulose acetate while bioplastics specimens achieved a weight loss of about 45 %. The results were both lower than the one obtained from batch co-digestion, although methane production rates were comparable regardless of being fed with or without bioplastics. An increase was registered after 65 days of semi-continuous process, due to the accumulation of CA specimens. This confirms the different degradation trends between bioplastics and food waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arina Kosheleva
- Hamburg University of Technology - Circular Resource Engineering and Management, Blohmstraße 15, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Gadaleta
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Joern Heerenklage
- Hamburg University of Technology - Circular Resource Engineering and Management, Blohmstraße 15, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Picuno
- Hamburg University of Technology - Circular Resource Engineering and Management, Blohmstraße 15, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Kerstin Kuchta
- Hamburg University of Technology - Circular Resource Engineering and Management, Blohmstraße 15, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), P.le E. Fermi, 1, I-80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Loll-Krippleber R, Sajtovich VA, Ferguson MW, Ho B, Burns AR, Payliss BJ, Bellissimo J, Peters S, Roy PJ, Wyatt HDM, Brown GW. Development of a yeast whole-cell biocatalyst for MHET conversion into terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:280. [PMID: 36587193 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the 70 years since the introduction of plastic into everyday items, plastic waste has become an increasing problem. With over 360 million tonnes of plastics produced every year, solutions for plastic recycling and plastic waste reduction are sorely needed. Recently, multiple enzymes capable of degrading PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plastic have been identified and engineered. In particular, the enzymes PETase and MHETase from Ideonella sakaiensis depolymerize PET into the two building blocks used for its synthesis, ethylene glycol (EG) and terephthalic acid (TPA). Importantly, EG and TPA can be re-used for PET synthesis allowing complete and sustainable PET recycling. RESULTS In this study we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a species utilized widely in bioindustrial fermentation processes, as a platform to develop a whole-cell catalyst expressing the MHETase enzyme, which converts monohydroxyethyl terephthalate (MHET) into TPA and EG. We assessed six expression architectures and identified those resulting in efficient MHETase expression on the yeast cell surface. We show that the MHETase whole-cell catalyst has activity comparable to recombinant MHETase purified from Escherichia coli. Finally, we demonstrate that surface displayed MHETase is active across a range of pHs, temperatures, and for at least 12 days at room temperature. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the feasibility of using S. cerevisiae as a platform for the expression and surface display of PET degrading enzymes and predict that the whole-cell catalyst will be a viable alternative to protein purification-based approaches for plastic degradation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim SH, Lee JW, Kim JS, Lee W, Park MS, Lim YW. Plastic-inhabiting fungi in marine environments and PCL degradation activity. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022. [PMID: 36239838 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plastic waste has a negative impact on marine ecosystems and the quantity of this source of anthropogenic pollution continues to increase. Several studies have investigated plastic biodegradation using various microorganisms. In this study, we isolated fungi from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste on Korean seacoasts and evaluated their ability to degrade plastic by comparing the diameters of the clear zones they formed on polycaprolactone (PCL) agar. We isolated 262 strains from 47 plastic waste sources and identified 108 fungal species via molecular methods. The PCL agar assay revealed that 87 species presented with varying degrees of PCL degradation capacity. Among them, certain fungal species were strong PCL degraders. The present study demonstrated the possibility that some fungi inhabiting plastic could potentially degrade it in the marine environment. We believe that the discoveries made herein lay theoretical and practical foundations for the development of novel bioremediation systems for marine plastispheres and help mitigate the environmental pollution issues related to plastic wastes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang F, Wu H, Li J, Liu J, Xu Q, An L. Microfiber releasing into urban rivers from face masks during COVID-19. J Environ Manage 2022; 319:115741. [PMID: 35841777 PMCID: PMC9273611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Face masks play a crucial protective role in preventing the spread of coronavirus disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the improper disposal of used face masks also causes an emerging environmental problem, such as microplastic contamination. Here, the aim was to evaluate the improper disposal of used face masks and, subsequently, the potential contribution to microplastic contamination in urban rivers. First, we investigated the occurrence of discarded face masks in Qing River through continuously one-month collection on-site, and the disposable masks with a density of (8.28 ± 4.21) × 10-5 items/m2 with varying degrees of wear and tear were found. Next, the microfibers shedding from two popular types of new disposable masks were tested. The results showed that 50.33 ± 18.50 items/mask of microfibers, ranging from 301 μm to 467 μm in size, were released from the disposal face mask after immersion in ultrapure water for 24-h. It was significantly higher than the KN95 respirator of 31.33 ± 0.57 items/mask, ranging from 273 μm to 441 μm. Besides C and O elements only found in new face masks, some potentially toxic elements were also detected on the surface of discarded face masks, indicating that various environmental contaminations are easy to adsorb on the surface of discarded face masks. The results implied that these discarded face masks in an aquatic environment are emerging sources of microfibers and could act as transport vectors for contaminants, which would aggravate the present microplastic contamination. In conclusion, these findings were expected to raise public awareness of the proper disposal of used face masks to prevent microplastic contamination and the spread of COVID-19 in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Lihui An
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mapook A, Hyde KD, Hassan K, Kemkuignou BM, Čmoková A, Surup F, Kuhnert E, Paomephan P, Cheng T, de Hoog S, Song Y, Jayawardena RS, Al-Hatmi AMS, Mahmoudi T, Ponts N, Studt-Reinhold L, Richard-Forget F, Chethana KWT, Harishchandra DL, Mortimer PE, Li H, Lumyong S, Aiduang W, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Bhunjun CS, Yu FM, Zhao Q, Schaefer D, Stadler M. Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being. FUNGAL DIVERS 2022; 116:547-614. [PMID: 36123995 PMCID: PMC9476466 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being. In the current paper, we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research. These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases; application of -OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production; as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia. Examples for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs, are also given. In addition, two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided. Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included. It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ausana Mapook
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510225 China
| | - Khadija Hassan
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Adéla Čmoková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Surup
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pathompong Paomephan
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center / Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yinggai Song
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center / Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Ponts
- INRAE, UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Lena Studt-Reinhold
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | | | - K. W. Thilini Chethana
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Dulanjalee L. Harishchandra
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Huili Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Saisamorm Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300 Thailand
| | - Worawoot Aiduang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Chitrabhanu S. Bhunjun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Feng-Ming Yu
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Doug Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schrank I, Möller JN, Imhof HK, Hauenstein O, Zielke F, Agarwal S, Löder MGJ, Greiner A, Laforsch C. Microplastic sample purification methods - Assessing detrimental effects of purification procedures on specific plastic types. Sci Total Environ 2022; 833:154824. [PMID: 35351498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In search of effective, fast, and cheap methods to purify environmental samples for microplastic analysis, scientific literature provides various purification protocols. However, while most of these protocols effectively purify the samples, some may also degrade the targeted polymers. This study was conducted to systematically compare the effects of purification protocols based on acidic, alkaline, oxidative, and enzymatic digestion and extraction via density separation on eight of the most relevant plastic types. It offers insights into how specific purification protocols may compromise microplastic detection by documenting visible and gravimetric effects, analyzing potential surface degradation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and bulk erosion on a molecular level using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). For example, protocols using strong acids and high temperatures are likely to completely dissolve or cause strong degradation to a wide range of polymers (PA, PC, PET, PS, PUR & PVC), while strong alkaline solutions may damage PC and PET. Contrarily, Fenton's reagent, multiple enzymatic digestion steps, as well as treatment with a zinc chloride solution frequently used for density-separation, do not degrade the eight polymers tested here. Therefore, their implementation in microplastic sample processing may be considered an essential stepping-stone towards a standardized protocol for future microplastics analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Schrank
- Department of Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Julia N Möller
- Department of Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hannes K Imhof
- Department of Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oliver Hauenstein
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Franziska Zielke
- Department of Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin G J Löder
- Department of Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Department of Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Quade J, López-Ibáñez S, Beiras R. Mesocosm trials reveal the potential toxic risk of degrading bioplastics to marine life. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 179:113673. [PMID: 35489090 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
If biodegradable plastics tackle the marine plastic pollution problem sufficiently remains questionable. To gain more insight in degradability, performance, and the impact of degradation on the toxicity, commercial bags made from two biodegradable plastics and one conventional plastic (PE) were exposed for 120 days in a mesocosm featuring benthic, pelagic, and littoral habitat simulations. Degradability was assessed as weight loss, and specimens were tested for toxicity using Paracentrotus lividus sea-urchin larvae after different exposure times. Both biodegradable bags showed degradation within 120 days, with the littoral simulation showing the highest and the pelagic simulation the lowest decay. Disregarding habitat, the home-compostable plastic showed higher marine degradation than the industrial-compostable material. The relevant initial toxicity of both biopolymers was lost within 7 days of exposure, pointing towards easily leachable chemical additives as its cause. Interestingly, littoral exposed specimens gained toxicity after 120 days, suggesting UV- induced modifications that increase biopolymer toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Quade
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; ECOTOX Group, ECIMAT-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Sara López-Ibáñez
- ECOTOX Group, ECIMAT-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- ECOTOX Group, ECIMAT-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Puhakka E, Santala V. Method for acrylic acid monomer detection with recombinant biosensor cells for enhanced plastic degradation monitoring from water environments. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 178:113568. [PMID: 35339059 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris degrades in the water environments due to various factors such as mechanical stress. Small-sized degradation products, including plastic monomers, are currently monitored using equipment which might be unsuitable for screening. Here, we developed a recombinant whole-cell bacterial biosensor, which could be used for this type of monitoring. The Escherichia coli pBAV1K-ACU-lucFF cells contain a luciferase-based reporter system under the control of acrylic acid specific promoter. The biosensor cells were used to detect acrylic acid monomers from both sterile water and spiked lake water samples, indicating usability with environmental samples. Furthermore, poly(acrylic acid) was incubated in salt water, and the biosensor cells could identify acrylic acid monomers originating from it. Thus, the cells could be used to observe similar processes in the environment. The results show that the bacterial biosensors could complement the current research methods of plastic monomer monitoring in water environments with a potential for higher throughputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Puhakka
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 7, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ville Santala
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 7, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhong Z, Nong W, Xie Y, Hui JHL, Chu LM. Long-term effect of plastic feeding on growth and transcriptomic response of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.). Chemosphere 2022; 287:132063. [PMID: 34523442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste has been considered a serious global environmental problem for decades. Despite the high recalcitrance of synthetic plastics, the biodegradation of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by some insect larvae has been reported; however, the mechanism of degradation remains largely unknown. We investigated the effects of plastics on the growth of mealworms (larvae of Tenebrio molitor) and their role in PS and PE degradation. Mealworms were capable of ingesting high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), expanded polystyrene (EPS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) but not linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) or polypropylene (PP). Plastic consumption was negatively dependent on plastic crystallinity. Transcriptome analysis and KEGG mapping revealed that mealworms act as downstream decomposers in plastic depolymerization and that fatty acid degradation pathways may play important roles in the digestion of plastic degradation intermediates produced by gut bacteria. In addition, PS and PE degradation was achieved via the diffusion of extracellular depolymerases, which probably acted on the distal backbone and produce shorter linear chains that containing ≤16 C atoms instead of branched chains. Additionally, the intermediates of PS degradation are expected to be further decomposed by mealworms as xenobiotics. This study provided a preliminary understanding of plastic degradation mechanism by mealworms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jerome Ho Lam Hui
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lee Man Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Viljakainen VR, Hug LA. New approaches for the characterization of plastic-associated microbial communities and the discovery of plastic-degrading microorganisms and enzymes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6191-6200. [PMID: 34900132 PMCID: PMC8632723 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics in the environment represent new substrates for microbial colonization, and recent methodological advances allow for in-depth characterization of plastic-associated microbial communities (PAMCs). Over the past several decades, discovery of plastic degrading enzymes (PDEs) and plastic degrading microorganisms (PDMs) has been driven by efforts to understand microbially-mediated plastic degradation in the environment and to discover biocatalysts for plastic processing. In this review, we discuss the evolution of methodology in plastic microbiology and highlight major advancements in the field stemming from computational microbiology. Initial research relied largely on culture-based approaches like clear-zone assays to screen for PDMs and microscopy to characterize PAMCs. New computational tools and sequencing technologies are accelerating discoveries in the field through culture-independent and multi-omic approaches, rapidly generating targets for protein engineering and improving the potential for plastic-waste management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V R Viljakainen
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - L A Hug
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Badino SF, Bååth JA, Borch K, Jensen K, Westh P. Adsorption of enzymes with hydrolytic activity on polyethylene terephthalate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 152:109937. [PMID: 34749019 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degrading enzymes have recently obtained an increasing interest as a means to decompose plastic waste. Here, we have studied the binding of three PET hydrolases on a suspended PET powder under conditions of both enzyme- and substrate excess. A Langmuir isotherm described the binding process reasonably and revealed a prominent affinity for the PET substrate, with dissociation constants consistently below 150 nM. The saturated substrate coverage approximately corresponded to a monolayer on the PET surface for all three enzymes. No distinct contributions from specific ligand binding in the active site could be identified, which points towards adsorption predominantly driven by non-specific interactions in contrast to enzymes naturally evolved for the breakdown of insoluble polymers. However, we observed a correlation between the progression of enzymatic hydrolysis and increased binding capacity, probably due to surface modifications of the PET polymer over time. Our results provide functional insight, suggesting that rational design should target the specific ligand interaction in the active site rather than the already high, general adsorption capacity of these enzymes.
Collapse
|
30
|
Khandare SD, Chaudhary DR, Jha B. Bioremediation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films by marine bacteria. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 169:112566. [PMID: 34089962 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the third one after polyethylene and polypropylene in the production demand. It intends to grow further, causing an increase in the risk of health and ecological problems due to environmental accumulation and incineration. In the present study, we determined the biodegradative abilities of marine bacteria for PVC. Three potential marine bacterial isolates, T-1.3, BP-4.3 and S-237 (Vibrio, Altermonas and Cobetia, respectively) were identified after preliminary screening. They led to active biofilm formation, viability and protein formation on the PVC surface. The highest weight loss (1.76%) of PVC films was exhibited by BP-4.3 isolate after 60 days of incubation. Remineralization of PVC film was confirmed by CO2 assimilation assay. Change in surface topography was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The functional group peak intensity was decreased for the terminal chlorine group at the region 1000-1300 cm-1, which indicated the dechlorination. Thermogravimetric, tensile strength and contact angle analysis showed a decline in the mechanical properties and a rise in PVC film's hydrophilic nature after biodegradation. These results demonstrated promising evidence of PVC degradation by marine bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant D Khandare
- CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad, U. P. 201 002, India
| | - Doongar R Chaudhary
- CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad, U. P. 201 002, India.
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kumar R, Pandit P, Kumar D, Patel Z, Pandya L, Kumar M, Joshi C, Joshi M. Landfill microbiome harbour plastic degrading genes: A metagenomic study of solid waste dumping site of Gujarat, India. Sci Total Environ 2021; 779:146184. [PMID: 33752005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Globally, environmental pollution by plastic waste has become a severe ecological and social problem worldwide. The present study aimed to analyse the bacterial community structure and functional potential of the landfill site using high throughput shotgun metagenomic approach to understand plastic degrading capabilities present in the municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping site. In this study, soil, leachate and compost samples were collected from various locations (height and depth) of the Pirana landfill site in Ahmedabad city Gujarat, India. In total 30 phyla, 58 class, 125 order, 278 families, 793 genera, and 2468 species were predicted. The most dominant phyla detected were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria in the soil and compost samples. Whereas, in leachate samples, the predominant phyla belonged to Firmicutes (54.24%) followed by Actinobacteria (43.67%) and Proteobacteria (1.02%). The functional profiling revealed the presence of enzymatic groups and pathways involved in biodegradation of xenobiotics. The results also demonstrated the presence of potential genes that is associated with the biodegradation of different types of plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS). Present study extablishes the relationship between microbial community structure and rich sources of gene pool, which are actively involved in biodegradation of plastic waste in landfill sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghawendra Kumar
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Priti Pandit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Zarna Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Labdhi Pandya
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Madhvi Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Spina F, Tummino ML, Poli A, Prigione V, Ilieva V, Cocconcelli P, Puglisi E, Bracco P, Zanetti M, Varese GC. Low density polyethylene degradation by filamentous fungi. Environ Pollut 2021; 274:116548. [PMID: 33540258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is the most abundant non-degradable plastic waste, posing a constant and serious threat to the whole ecosystem. In the present study, the fungal community of plastic wastes contaminating a landfill soil has been studied. After 6 months of enrichment, 95 fungi were isolated, mostly belonging to the Ascomycota phylum. They were screened under in vitro condition: most of fungi (97%) were capable of growing in the presence of PE powder (5-10 g L-1) as sole carbon source. Fusarium strains better tolerated high concentration of PE. Up to 13 strains were chosen for further degradation trails, where the process was monitored by respirometry tests and by observing changes in PE chemical and physical structure by FTIR analysis and SEM images. Major results were observed for Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium falciforme and Purpureocillum lilacinum, as they caused strong oxidation phenomena and changes in the PE film morphology. Results suggested that the initial oxidation mechanisms targeted first the methyl terminal groups. Changes in the infrared spectra were strongly strain-dependent, denoting the activation of different degradation pathways. Through the SEM analysis, the actual damages provoked by fungi were observed, including swellings, pits and furrows, bumps and partial exfoliations. Considering the rising concern about plastic disposal worldwide, the ability of these fungi to colonize PE and utilize it as carbon source is of great interest, as no pretreatments and pro-oxidant stimulants were needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Spina
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tummino
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy; Present Affiliation: Italian National Research Council, Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manifacturing, Corso Giuseppe Pella 16, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Anna Poli
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Prigione
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Viktoria Ilieva
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Piersandro Cocconcelli
- Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Department for Sustainable Food Process, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Department for Sustainable Food Process, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Pierangiola Bracco
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marco Zanetti
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tan Y, Henehan GT, Kinsella GK, Ryan BJ. An extracellular lipase from Amycolatopsis mediterannei is a cutinase with plastic degrading activity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:869-879. [PMID: 33598102 PMCID: PMC7851449 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amycolatopsis mediterranei lipase (AML) exhibits cutinase-like structural features. AML shows 60–70% sequence similarity to a few plastic degrading cutinases. AML has the ability to degrade poly(caprolactone) and poly(butylene succinate).
An extracellular lipase from Amycolatopsis mediteranei (AML) with potential applications in process biotechnology was recently cloned and examined in this laboratory. In the present study, the 3D structure of AML was elucidated by comparative modelling. AML lacked the ‘lid’ structure observed in most true lipases and shared similarities with plastic degrading enzymes. Modelling and substrate specificity studies showed that AML was a cutinase with a relatively exposed active site and specificity for medium chain fatty acyl moieties. AML rapidly hydrolysed the aliphatic plastics poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(1,4-butylene succinate) extended with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane under mild conditions. These plastics are known to be slow to degrade in landfill. Poly(L-lactic acid) was not hydrolysed by AML, nor was the aromatic plastic Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). The specificity of AML is partly explained by active site topology and analysis reveals that minor changes in the active site region can have large effects on substrate preference. These findings show that extracellular Amycolatopsis enzymes are capable of degrading a wider range of plastics than is generally recognised. The potential for application of AML in the bioremediation of plastics is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Tan
- School of Food Sciences and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7 D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - Gary T Henehan
- School of Food Sciences and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7 D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - Gemma K Kinsella
- School of Food Sciences and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7 D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - Barry J Ryan
- School of Food Sciences and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7 D07 H6K8, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moog D, Zarzycki J, Rexer KH, Erb TJ, Maier UG. Engineering microalgae as a whole cell catalyst for PET degradation. Methods Enzymol 2021; 648:435-455. [PMID: 33579415 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a serious issue on Earth. Although efficient industrial recycling processes exist, a significant fraction of plastic waste still ends up in nature, where it can endure for centuries. Slow mechanical and chemical decay lead to the formation of micro- and nanoplastics, which are washed from land into rivers and finally end up in the oceans. As such particles cannot be efficiently removed from the environment, biological degradation mechanisms are highly desirable. Several enzymes have been described that are capable of degrading certain plastic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Such enzymes have a huge potential for future biotechnology applications. However, they require model systems that can be efficiently adapted to very specific conditions. Here, we present detailed instructions, how to convert the model diatom Phaeodactylum into a solar-fueled microbial cell factory for PETase expression, resulting in a whole cell catalyst for PET degradation at moderate temperatures under saltwater conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moog
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; SYNMIKRO Research Center, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Zarzycki
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Rexer
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias J Erb
- SYNMIKRO Research Center, Marburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe G Maier
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; SYNMIKRO Research Center, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The problem of microplastic pollution is now the order of the day in front of everyone's eyes affecting the environment and the health of leaving creature. This work aims to retrace the history of microplastics in a critical way through a substantial bibliographic collection, defining the points still unresolved and those that can be resolved. Presence of marine litter in different environments is reviewed on a global scale, focusing in particular on micro and macro plastics definition, classification and characterization techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Schmid
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6A, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Cozzarini
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6A, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elena Zambello
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6A, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim JW, Park SB, Tran QG, Cho DH, Choi DY, Lee YJ, Kim HS. Functional expression of polyethylene terephthalate-degrading enzyme (PETase) in green microalgae. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:97. [PMID: 32345276 PMCID: PMC7189453 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, plastic has been a valuable global product due to its convenience and low price. For example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was one of the most popular materials for disposable bottles due to its beneficial properties, namely impact resistance, high clarity, and light weight. Increasing demand of plastic resulted in indiscriminate disposal by consumers, causing severe accumulation of plastic wastes. Because of this, scientists have made great efforts to find a way to biologically treat plastic wastes. As a result, a novel plastic degradation enzyme, PETase, which can hydrolyze PET, was discovered in Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 in 2016. RESULTS A green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which produces PETase, was developed for this study. Two representative strains (C. reinhardtii CC-124 and CC-503) were examined, and we found that CC-124 could express PETase well. To verify the catalytic activity of PETase produced by C. reinhardtii, cell lysate of the transformant and PET samples were co-incubated at 30 °C for up to 4 weeks. After incubation, terephthalic acid (TPA), i.e. the fully-degraded form of PET, was detected by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Additionally, morphological changes, such as holes and dents on the surface of PET film, were observed using scanning electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS A PET hydrolyzing enzyme, PETase, was successfully expressed in C. reinhardtii, and its catalytic activity was demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of PETase expression in green algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh-Giao Tran
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Cho
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Choi
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Beltrán-Sanahuja A, Casado-Coy N, Simó-Cabrera L, Sanz-Lázaro C. Monitoring polymer degradation under different conditions in the marine environment. Environ Pollut 2020; 259:113836. [PMID: 31887586 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The perdurability of plastics in the environment is one of the major concerns of plastic pollution and, as a consequence, oceans are accumulating large amounts of plastic. The degradation of conventional and biobased materials was evaluated through a laboratory experiment for a year simulating four different conditions in the marine environment. The water column environmental compartment was simulated under euphotic and aphotic (with and without light availability) conditions. The seafloor environmental compartment was simulated with sediment under non-polluted and polluted conditions. By combining weight loss (%), spectroscopic and thermal analyses, the degradation patterns regarding the polymer structure were assessed. The studied biobased materials were polylactic acid (PLA) based materials and showed higher degradability than conventional ones. The weight loss of conventional materials was not influenced by the water column or sediment, while in PLA-based materials, the degradation rates were ca. 5 times greater in the sediment than in the water column. The absorbance (Abs) value at 3400 cm-1 for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and carbonyl (CO) index for PET and PLA could be useful to detect early signs of degradation. The crystallization index could be a useful parameter to discriminate degradation stages. The obtained results highlight the different degradability rates of materials depending on the specific environmental marine conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beltrán-Sanahuja
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences Department, University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Nuria Casado-Coy
- Marine Sciences and Applied Biology Department; University of Alicante, PO Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lorena Simó-Cabrera
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanz-Lázaro
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain; Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES), Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Canopoli L, Coulon F, Wagland ST. Degradation of excavated polyethylene and polypropylene waste from landfill. Sci Total Environ 2020; 698:134125. [PMID: 31783451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, it was estimated that 7.4 million tonnes of plastic waste have been disposed in landfill in Europe. This waste represents an important opportunity for resource recovery through enhanced landfill mining consistent with recent Circular Economy initiatives. However, a recent review found a lack of data describing the degradation of excavated plastic waste and the potential impact on recycling products such as pyrolysis oil. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of the main plastic types found in landfills and their implications for recovery and recycling were investigated using a combination of scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Loss of gloss was visually detected for the buried plastic waste samples (polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP)) compared to fresh plastic samples. The SEM-EDS analysis further showed that oxygen was the main element related to the plastic surface alteration. The carbonyl index (CI) of plastic samples buried for >10 years was between 1.5 and 2 times higher than <10 years and fresh materials. Similarly, the degree crystallinity of the old samples (>10 years) was 2 times higher than the fresh and < 10 years samples. Based on these findings, tertiary recycling, such as pyrolysis, seems to be a convenient route for upcycling of recovered plastics from municipal solid waste landfills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Canopoli
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Frédéric Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Stuart T Wagland
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Delacuvellerie A, Cyriaque V, Gobert S, Benali S, Wattiez R. The plastisphere in marine ecosystem hosts potential specific microbial degraders including Alcanivorax borkumensis as a key player for the low-density polyethylene degradation. J Hazard Mater 2019; 380:120899. [PMID: 31326835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most plastics are released to the environment in landfills and around 32% end up in the sea, inducing large ecological and health impacts. The plastics constitute a physical substrate and potential carbon source for microorganisms. The present study compares the structures of bacterial communities from floating plastics, sediment-associated plastics and sediments from the Mediterranean Sea. The 16S rRNA microbiome profiles of surface and sediment plastic-associated microbial biofilms from the same geographic location differ significantly, with the omnipresence of Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria. Our research confirmed that plastisphere hosts microbial communities were environmental distinct niche. In parallel, this study used environmental samples to investigate the enrichment of potential plastic-degrading bacteria with Low Density PolyEthylene (LDPE), PolyEthylene Terephthalate (PET) and PolyStyrene (PS) plastics as the sole carbon source. In this context, we showed that the bacterial community composition is clearly plastic nature dependent. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria such as Alcanivorax, Marinobacter and Arenibacter genera are enriched with LDPE and PET, implying that these bacteria are potential players in plastic degradation. Finally, our data showed for the first time the ability of Alcanivorax borkumensis to form thick biofilms specifically on LDPE and to degrade this petroleum-based plastic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Delacuvellerie
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons, 20 place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Valentine Cyriaque
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons, 20 place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Gobert
- Oceanology Department, University of Liège, 11 Allée du 6 août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Samira Benali
- Polymer and Composite Materials Department, University of Mons, 15 Avenue Maistriau, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons, 20 place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zink L, Pyle GG. Contrary to Marine Environments, Common Microplastics in Freshwater Systems May Not Emit Dimethyl Sulfide: An Important Infochemical. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:766-769. [PMID: 31587083 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ingestion of microplastics by marine species has been at least partially attributed to plastics emitting a dimethyl sulfide signature when exposed to marine conditions. Dimethyl sulfide, a member of the volatile organic sulfur compounds group, is an infochemical that many species rely on to locate and identify prey while foraging. Microplastic ingestion is also observed in freshwater systems; however, this study shows that the same dimethyl sulfide signature is not obtained by three common types of plastic (high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and polystyrene) in freshwater systems, suggesting that there may be an alternate mechanism driving plastic ingestion by freshwater species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Zink
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Gregory G Pyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Winkler A, Santo N, Ortenzi MA, Bolzoni E, Bacchetta R, Tremolada P. Does mechanical stress cause microplastic release from plastic water bottles? Water Res 2019; 166:115082. [PMID: 31542550 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particle ingestion has become of concern as a possible threat to human health. Previous works have already explored the presence of microplastic (MP) in bottled drinking water as a source of MP intake. Here, we consider the release of MP particles from single-use PET mineral water bottles upon exposure to mechanical stress utilizing SEM plus EDS, which allows the implementation of morphological and elemental analysis of the plastic material surface and quantification of particle concentrations in sample water. The aim of this study was to better evaluate the sources of MP intake from plastic bottles, especially considering the effect of daily use on these bottles such as the abrasion of the plastic material. For that, we analysed MP release of PET bottlenecks and HDPE caps on their surfaces after a series of bottle openings/closings (1 x, 10 x, 100 x). Furthermore, we investigated, if the inner surface of the PET bottles released MPs, counted particle increase of the water and identified MPs in the PET bottled water after exposing the bottles to mechanical stress (squeezing treatment; none, 1 min, 10 min). The results showed a considerable increase of MP particle occurrence on the surface of PET and HDPE material (bottlenecks and caps) after opening and closing the bottles. After 100 times the effect was impressive, especially on caps. Moreover, great differences exist in cap abrasion between brands which uncovers a discrepancy in plastic behavior of brands. Interestingly, particle concentrations in the bottled mineral water did not significantly increase after exposure to mechanical stress (squeezing treatment). The morphological analysis of the inner wall surface of the bottles supported this observation, as no stress cracks could be detected after the treatment, implying that the bottles itself are not a consistent source of MP particles after this extent of mechanical stress. However, chances of MP ingestion by humans increase with frequent use of the same single-use plastic bottle, though only from the bottleneck-cap system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winkler
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Santo
- Unitech NOLIMITS, Imaging facility, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Aldo Ortenzi
- CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bolzoni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Bacchetta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tremolada
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moog D, Schmitt J, Senger J, Zarzycki J, Rexer KH, Linne U, Erb T, Maier UG. Using a marine microalga as a chassis for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:171. [PMID: 31601227 PMCID: PMC6786278 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological degradation of plastics is a promising method to counter the increasing pollution of our planet with artificial polymers and to develop eco-friendly recycling strategies. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a thermoplast industrially produced from fossil feedstocks since the 1940s, nowadays prevalently used in bottle packaging and textiles. Although established industrial processes for PET recycling exist, large amounts of PET still end up in the environment-a significant portion thereof in the world's oceans. In 2016, Ideonella sakaiensis, a bacterium possessing the ability to degrade PET and use the degradation products as a sole carbon source for growth, was isolated. I. sakaiensis expresses a key enzyme responsible for the breakdown of PET into monomers: PETase. This hydrolase might possess huge potential for the development of biological PET degradation and recycling processes as well as bioremediation approaches of environmental plastic waste. RESULTS Using the photosynthetic microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a chassis we generated a microbial cell factory capable of producing and secreting an engineered version of PETase into the surrounding culture medium. Initial degradation experiments using culture supernatant at 30 °C showed that PETase possessed activity against PET and the copolymer polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) with an approximately 80-fold higher turnover of low crystallinity PETG compared to bottle PET. Moreover, we show that diatom produced PETase was active against industrially shredded PET in a saltwater-based environment even at mesophilic temperatures (21 °C). The products resulting from the degradation of the PET substrate were mainly terephthalic acid (TPA) and mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET) estimated to be formed in the micromolar range under the selected reaction conditions. CONCLUSION We provide a promising and eco-friendly solution for biological decomposition of PET waste in a saltwater-based environment by using a eukaryotic microalga instead of a bacterium as a model system. Our results show that via synthetic biology the diatom P. tricornutum indeed could be converted into a valuable chassis for biological PET degradation. Overall, this proof of principle study demonstrates the potential of the diatom system for future biotechnological applications in biological PET degradation especially for bioremediation approaches of PET polluted seawater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moog
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany. .,SYNMIKRO Research Center, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Schmitt
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana Senger
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Zarzycki
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Rexer
- Department for Mycology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- SYNMIKRO Research Center, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Gerätezentrum für Massenspektrometrie und Elementanalytik, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Erb
- SYNMIKRO Research Center, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe G Maier
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,SYNMIKRO Research Center, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ng EL, Huerta Lwanga E, Eldridge SM, Johnston P, Hu HW, Geissen V, Chen D. An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:1377-1388. [PMID: 30857101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics are emerging pollutants of global importance. They are small enough to be ingested by a wide range of organisms and at nano-scale, they may cross some biological barriers. However, our understanding of their ecological impact on the terrestrial environment is limited. Plastic particle loading in agroecosystems could be high due to inputs of some recycled organic waste and plastic film mulching, so it is vital that we develop a greater understanding of any potentially harmful or adverse impacts of these pollutants to agroecosystems. In this article, we discuss the sources of plastic particles in agroecosystems, the mechanisms, constraints and dynamic behaviour of plastic during aging on land, and explore the responses of soil organisms and plants at different levels of biological organisation to plastic particles of micro and nano-scale. Based on limited evidence at this point and understanding that the lack of evidence of ecological impact from microplastic and nanoplastic in agroecosystems does not equate to the evidence of absence, we propose considerations for addressing the gaps in knowledge so that we can adequately safeguard world food supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Ling Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Agroecologia, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche Av Polígono s/n, Cd. Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Simon M Eldridge
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Deli Chen
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abdel-Motaal FF, El-Sayed MA, El-Zayat SA, Ito SI. Biodegradation of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) film and foam plastic by Pseudozyma japonica sp. nov., a novel cutinolytic ustilaginomycetous yeast species. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:507-512. [PMID: 28324384 PMCID: PMC4162892 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic polyesters poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and foam plastic have been shown to be biodegradable by microorganisms, which possess cutinolytic enzymes. Pseudozyma japonica-Y7-09, showed both high growth and enzyme activity on Yeast malt (YM) medium fed with PCL film than on YM medium. The hydrolytic enzyme activity of the culture on p-nitrophenyl butyrate indicated the occurrence of cutinase enzyme. This activity was confirmed by the degradation of PCL film which reached to the maximum (93.33 %) at 15 days and the degradation of foam plastic which reached 43.2 % at 30 days. These results suggest that the extracellular cutinase enzyme of Pseudozyma japonica-Y7-09 may be useful for the biological degradation of plastic wastes.
Collapse
|