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Cohen-Mekelburg S, Jordan A, Kenney B, Burgess HJ, Chang JW, Hu HM, Tapper E, Langa KM, Levine DA, Waljee AK. Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms Are High Among Older Adults With Digestive Disease and Associated With Lower Perceived Health. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:621-629.e2. [PMID: 37689253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Current approaches to managing digestive disease in older adults fail to consider the psychosocial factors contributing to a person's health. We aimed to compare the frequency of loneliness, depression, and social isolation in older adults with and without a digestive disease and to quantify their association with poor health. METHODS We conducted an analysis of Health and Retirement Study data from 2008 to 2016, a nationally representative panel study of participants 50 years and older and their spouses. Bivariate analyses examined differences in loneliness, depression, and social isolation among patients with and without a digestive disease. We also examined the relationship between these factors and health. RESULTS We identified 3979 (56.0%) respondents with and 3131 (44.0%) without a digestive disease. Overall, 60.4% and 55.6% of respondents with and without a digestive disease reported loneliness (P < .001), 12.7% and 7.5% reported severe depression (P < .001), and 8.9% and 8.7% reported social isolation (P = NS), respectively. After adjusting for covariates, those with a digestive disease were more likely to report poor or fair health than those without a digestive disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.11-1.41). Among patients with a digestive disease, loneliness (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.22-1.69) and moderate and severe depression (OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 2.48-3.47; and OR, 8.96; 95% CI, 6.91-11.63, respectively) were associated with greater odds of poor or fair health. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with a digestive disease were more likely than those without a digestive disease to endorse loneliness and moderate to severe depression and these conditions are associated with poor or fair health. Gastroenterologists should feel empowered to screen patients for depression and loneliness symptoms and establish care pathways for mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, US Department of Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Ariel Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brooke Kenney
- Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joy W Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hsou Mei Hu
- Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elliot Tapper
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenneth M Langa
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Deborah A Levine
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Akbar K Waljee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, US Department of Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Sim LA, Whiteside S, Harbeck-Weber C, Sawchuk N, Lebow J. Weight Suppression and Risk for Childhood Psychiatric Disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01617-7. [PMID: 37853282 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Weight suppression, defined as the discrepancy between an individual's highest historical weight and their current weight, has been implicated in the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Although weight suppression has also been found to impact mood, anxiety and suicidal behavior in patients with and without disordered eating, it has not been examined as a transdiagnostic risk factor for general psychopathology. The current study examined growth records of 281 children and adolescents (ages 7 to 17) newly diagnosed with psychiatric disorders to determine whether these children were more likely to be weight suppressed as compared to an age- and gender-matched control group. Findings suggest that weight suppression is related to an increased risk for anxiety disorders and externalizing disorders for males. These results underscore the need for psychiatric and behavioral health providers to review pediatric growth charts as a routine part of psychiatric evaluation. As weight restoration is a necessary precondition for eating disorder recovery, more research is necessary to determine if weight restoration can enhance treatments for psychiatric symptoms occurring in the context of weight suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Sim
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Stephen Whiteside
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cynthia Harbeck-Weber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas Sawchuk
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jocelyn Lebow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Hernández RM, Ponce-Meza JC, Saavedra-López MÁ, Campos Ugaz WA, Chanduvi RM, Monteza WC. Brain Complexity and Psychiatric Disorders. Iran J Psychiatry 2023; 18:493-502. [PMID: 37881422 PMCID: PMC10593988 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v18i4.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In recent years, researchers and neuroscientists have begun to use a variety of nonlinear techniques for analyzing neurophysiologic signals derived from fMRI, MEG, and EEG in order to describe the complex dynamical aspects of neural mechanisms. In this work, we first attempted to describe different algorithms to estimate neural complexity in a simple manner understandable for psychiatrists, psychologists, and neuroscientists. Then, we reviewed the findings of the brain complexity analysis in psychiatric disorders and their clinical implications. Method : A non-systematic comprehensive literature search was conducted for original studies on the complexity analysis of neurophysiological signals such as electroencephalogram, magnetoencephalogram, and blood-oxygen-level-dependent obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional near infrared spectroscopy. The search encompassed online scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Complexity measures mainly include entropy-based methods, the correlation dimension, fractal dimension, Lempel-Ziv complexity, and the Lyapunov exponent. There are important differences in the physical notions between these measures. Our literature review shows that dementia, autism, and adult ADHD exhibit less complexity in their neurophysiologic signals than healthy controls. However, children with ADHD, drug-naïve young schizophrenic patients with positive symptoms, and patients with mood disorders (i.e., depression and bipolar disorder) exhibit higher complexity in their neurophysiologic signals compared to healthy controls. In addition, contradictory findings still exist in some psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia regarding brain complexity, which can be due to technical issues, large heterogeneity in psychiatric disorders, and interference of typical factors. Conclusion: In summary, complexity analysis may present a new dimension to understanding psychiatric disorders. While complexity analysis is still far from having practical applications in routine clinical settings, complexity science can play an important role in comprehending the system dynamics of psychiatric disorders.
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Toh SHY, Wan MJS, Kroneman LM, Nyein N, Wong JCM. Temperament and adolescent suicide attempts: a case-control study with multi-ethnic Asian adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:434. [PMID: 37322458 PMCID: PMC10267549 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the leading cause of death for adolescents in several parts of Asia, including Singapore. This study examines the relationship between temperament and youth suicide attempts in a sample of multi-ethnic Singaporean adolescents. METHODS A case-control design compared 60 adolescents (Mage = 16.40, SDage = 2.00) with a recent suicide attempt (i.e., past 6 months) with 58 adolescents (Mage = 16.00, SDage = 1.68) without any history of suicide attempts. Presence of suicide attempts was established using the semi-structured interviewer-administered Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Participants also completed self-report measures on temperament traits, psychiatric diagnoses, stressful life events, and perceived parental rejection in an interview-based format. RESULTS Psychiatric comorbidity, recent stressful life events, perceived parental rejection, and all five "difficult temperament" traits, were significantly overrepresented among adolescent cases relative to healthy controls. Adjusted logistic regression models revealed significant associations between suicide attempt, MDD comorbidity (OR: 10.7, 95% Cl: (2.24-51.39)), "negative mood" trait (OR: 1.12-1.18, 95% Cl: (1.00-1.27)), and the interaction term of "positive mood" and "high adaptability" traits (OR: 0.943 - 0.955, 95% Cl: (0.900 - 0.986)). Specifically, "positive mood" predicted lower likelihood of a suicide attempt when "adaptability" was high (OR: 0.335 - 0.342, 95% Cl: (0.186 - 0.500)) but not low (OR: 0.968 - 0.993, 95% Cl: (0.797 - 1.31)). CONCLUSION Temperament screening may be important to identify adolescents at higher or lower risk of suicide at an early stage. More longitudinal and neurobiological research converging on these temperament findings will be helpful in ascertaining temperament screening as an effective suicide prevention methodology for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Y Toh
- NUS Mind-Science Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore.
- Research Department, Intellect Pte Ltd, Tanjong Pagar, Singapore.
| | - Michelle J S Wan
- NUS Mind-Science Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Leoniek M Kroneman
- NUS Mind-Science Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - N Nyein
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health Systems, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - John C M Wong
- NUS Mind-Science Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health Systems, Queenstown, Singapore
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Sauk JS, Ryu HJ, Labus JS, Khandadash A, Ahdoot AI, Lagishetty V, Katzka W, Wang H, Naliboff B, Jacobs JP, Mayer EA. High Perceived Stress is Associated With Increased Risk of Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Flares. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:741-749.e3. [PMID: 35952942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although perceived stress (PS) has been associated with symptomatic flares in inflammatory bowel disease, clinical and physiological measures associated with perceived stress and flare are not known. The aim of this study was to identify physiological factors associated with perceived stress in ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects, and their relationship with flare. METHODS Patients with UC in clinical remission (Simple Colitis Clinical Activity Index [SCCAI] score <5) underwent clinical and behavioral assessments, morning salivary cortisol measurements, autonomic nervous system activity testing (heart rate variability, electrodermal activity) at baseline with patient-reported SCCAI every 2 weeks over 1 to 2 years and fecal calprotectin at time of flare. Clinical flares (SCCAI ≥5) and biochemical flares (SCCAI ≥5 with fecal calprotectin ≥250 μg/g) were evaluated. RESULTS One hundred ten patients with UC were enrolled, with mean follow-up of 65.6 weeks. Patients with UC with higher and lower PS were determined. Although the high PS group had 3.6 times higher odds of a clinical flare than the low PS group, no significant differences in biochemical flares were observed between the low and high PS groups. The high vs low PS group differed in tonic sympathetic arousal as indexed by significantly greater baseline electrodermal activity (4.3 vs 3.4 microsiemens; P = .026) in the high PS group, but not in terms of heart rate variability and morning cortisol levels. Increased fecal calprotectin was associated with cardioautonomic measures, suggesting lower parasympathetic activity. CONCLUSIONS Increased PS assessed at baseline is associated with tonic sympathetic arousal and greater odds of clinical flares in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny S Sauk
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hyo Jin Ryu
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ariela Khandadash
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron I Ahdoot
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - William Katzka
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hao Wang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruce Naliboff
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Mamtani H, Mamtani N, Chaturvedi SK. THE CURIOUS CASE OF 'PSYCHO-OPHTHALMOLOGY': A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. Psychiatr Danub 2023; 35:163-173. [PMID: 37480303 DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2023.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Consultation Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) deals with the interface shared between psychiatry and various other disciplines of medicine. The interface shared by psychiatry and ophthalmology is among the lesser discussed ones in the field of CLP, despite the fact that it holds clinical relevance in the evaluation, management and outcomes of both psychiatric and ophthalmological disorders. This narrative review focusses on the ophthalmological aspects of psychiatric disorders, with respect to their manifestations, assessment, and management. Psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, affective disorders, 'functional' disorders, and substance use disorders, have numerous ophthalmic manifestations, which can have clinical implications for the patients. Even the psychotropic drugs given for psychiatric disorders can lead to side effects affecting the eye, but these are among the lesser-discussed side effects. Some psychiatric disorders can be investigated using various ophthalmic functions, the assessments ranging from simple physical examination to the use of instruments like a fundoscope, which can be useful for a psychiatrist in their routine practice. Lastly, eye functions can also be used in the treatment of psychiatric conditions, as is seen in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. This review reiterates the fact that more attention needs to be given to the field of 'psycho-ophthalmology', which holds great promise in the coming days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkishan Mamtani
- Postdoctoral Fellow in Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India- 560029
| | - Nidhi Mamtani
- Glaucoma Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India- 600006
| | - Santosh K Chaturvedi
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Former Dean and Senior Professor, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India- 560029
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Henrique Mastella M, Roggia I, Osmarin Turra B, Ferreira Teixeira C, Elias Assmann C, de Morais-Pinto L, Vidal T, Melazzo C, Emílio da Cruz Jung I, Barbisan F, Beatrice Mânica da Cruz I. Superoxide-imbalance pharmacologically induced by rotenone triggers behavioral, neural, and inflammatory alterations in the Eisenia fetida earthworm. Neuroscience 2022; 502:25-40. [PMID: 36058342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and a superoxide imbalance could increase susceptibility to chronic stressful events, contributing to the establishment of chronic inflammation and the development of mood disorders. The mitochondrial superoxide imbalance induced by some molecules, such as rotenone, could be evolutionarily conserved, causing behavioral, immune, and neurological alterations in animals with a primitive central nervous system. OBJECTIVE Behavioral, immune, and histological markers were analyzed in Eisenia fetida earthworms chronically exposed to rotenone for 14 days. METHODS Earthworms were placed in artificial soil containing 30 nM of rotenone distributed into a plastic cup that allowed the earthworms to leave and return freely into the ground. Since these organisms prefer to be buried, the model predicted that the earthworms would necessarily have to return to the rotenone-contaminated medium, creating a stressful condition. The effect on survival behavior in the immune and histological body wall and ventral nervous ganglia (VNG) structures, as well as gene expression related to inflammation and mitochondrial and neuromuscular changes. RESULTS Rotenone-induced loss of earthworm escape behavior and immune alterations indicated a chronic inflammatory state. Some histological changes in the body wall and VNG indicated a possible earthworm reaction aimed at protecting against rotenone. Overexpression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (nAChR α5) in neural tissues could also help earthworms reduce the degenerative effects of rotenone on dopaminergic neurons. CONCLUSION These data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction could be an evolutionarily conserved element that induces inflammatory and behavioral changes related to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Henrique Mastella
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Isabel Roggia
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Osmarin Turra
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cibele Ferreira Teixeira
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Morais-Pinto
- Anatomical Design Laboratory, Morphology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Taís Vidal
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ivo Emílio da Cruz Jung
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbisan
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Benny A, McLay M, Callaghan RC, Bates A, Olson R. Population-based comparison of cancer survival outcomes in patients with and without psychiatric disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:543. [PMID: 35953787 PMCID: PMC9373539 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with psychiatric disorders (PD) have a high prevalence of tobacco use. Patients with PD also potentially receive substandard care in comparison to the general population. Previous research has shown that individuals with PD have a decreased risk of receiving a tobacco related (TR) cancer diagnosis. To further assess this trend, this study assesses the survival of patients with a TR cancer with or without a PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study utilized multiple databases, with methods described elsewhere,6 to identify people in British Columbia that have been diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and appendicitis (our control group). From these groups, we selected individuals who also had a TR cancer. We subsequently extracted information pertaining to these patients from these databases. RESULTS Thirty-nine thousand eight hundred forty-one patients with cancer were included in our study. Analyses of these patients were controlled for by age, gender, cancer type and diagnosis year. This analysis displayed shorter survival time among patients who were diagnosed with depression (HR = 1.16; p = 0.01; 95% CI: 1.04-1.29), schizophrenia (HR = 1.62; p < 0.01; 95% CI: 1.43-1.84), or bipolar disorder (HR = 1.35; p < 0.01; 95% CI: 1.12-1.64) compared to the cancer patients without a PD, all of which were statistically significant. People that were diagnosed with anxiety disorders did not have a survival time that was significantly different from our control population (HR = 1.07; p = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.96-1.19). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with PD, except for those with anxiety, were found to have a shorter survival time following diagnosis with a TR cancer as compared to our control group. We hypothesize several factors, which may account for this statistically significant difference: (1) delayed diagnosis, (2) poor access to care, (3) poor assessment or follow-up, or (4) physician beliefs of poor treatment adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Benny
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mary McLay
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Russell C. Callaghan
- grid.266876.b0000 0001 2156 9982Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Alan Bates
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Psychiatry, BC Cancer, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert Olson
- Department of Surgery, BC Cancer, University of British Columbia, 1215 Lethbridge Street, Prince George, BC V2M7E9, Canada.
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Peña-Salazar C, Alfonso-Ramos M, Arroyo-Uriarte P, Serrano-Blanco A, Aznar-Lou I. Is epilepsy related to psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disability? A systematic review. J Intellect Disabil 2022:17446295221116506. [PMID: 35925864 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people with Intellectual Disability (ID) is statistically higher than in the general population. There is a lack of consensus on the role that epilepsy plays in psychiatric disorders in people with ID. We carried out a systematic review of articles published between 1960 and 2022, focusing on high-quality, case-control original research studies that only included adult populations. The primary outcome was the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disability with and without epilepsy. Six articles were finally included. Results were varied; some reported a statistical increase, whereas others did not find any statistical difference. Due to the current controversy on the role of epilepsy in psychiatric disorders in people with ID and the small number of publications on the topic, we cannot affirm a relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders in people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Peña-Salazar
- Mental Health and Intellectual disability services, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurology Department, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miqueu Alfonso-Ramos
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Arroyo-Uriarte
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano-Blanco
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Aznar-Lou
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Yakubov B, Das S, Zomorrodi R, Blumberger DM, Enticott PG, Kirkovski M, Rajji TK, Desarkar P. Cross-frequency coupling in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104690. [PMID: 35569580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cross-frequency coupling (CFC), an electrophysiologically derived measure of oscillatory coupling in the brain, is believed to play a critical role in neuronal computation, learning and communication. It has received much recent attention in the study of both health and disease. We searched for literature that studied CFC during resting state and task-related activities during electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography in psychiatric disorders. Thirty-eight studies were identified, which included attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's dementia, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder and schizophrenia. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (ID#CRD42021224188). The current review indicates measurable differences exist between CFC in disease states vs. healthy controls. There was variance in CFC at different regions of the brain within the same psychiatric disorders, perhaps this could be explained by the mechanisms and functionality of CFC. There was heterogeneity in methodologies used, which may lead to spurious CFC analyses. Going forward, standardized methodologies need to be established and utilized in further research to understand the neuropathophysiology associated with psychiatric disorders.
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Brannigan R, Tanskanen A, Huttunen MO, Cannon M, Leacy FP, Clarke MC. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring psychiatric disorder: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:595-600. [PMID: 33942155 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that prenatal stress and smoking during pregnancy both independently increase the risk of offspring psychopathology. Here we examine whether increased levels of self-reported stress is associated with increased smoking in a population of pregnant women, and whether prenatal smoking is associated with offspring psychiatric diagnoses independent of prenatal stress exposure. METHOD Using a longitudinal birth cohort, we used ordered logistic regressions to examine associations between maternal stress and smoking during pregnancy. We then used logistic regression analyses to examine associations between prenatal smoking and later offspring psychiatric disorders. RESULTS A dose-response relationship was found between maternally reported stress and smoking during pregnancy. Pregnant women reporting severe stress were more likely to smoke compared to both the moderate stress and no stress groups, and those reporting moderate stress were significantly more likely to smoke compared to the no stress group. Smoking more than 5 cigarettes daily during pregnancy increased the risk of offspring personality disorder (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.60-5.94) as well as developing any Axis 1 psychiatric disorder, inclusive of mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.04). After adjusting for parental psychiatric history and maternal self-reported stress during pregnancy, associations between smoking more than 5 cigarettes daily when pregnancy and offspring personality (OR 2.58 95% CI 1.32-5.06) disorder remained. CONCLUSION Exposure to cigarette smoking during gestation could impact a child's mental health. Smoking during pregnancy is a prime target for preventative interventions as unlike most other environmental risk factors, it is very amenable to change.
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Chen YH, Wang WM, Chung CH, Tsao CH, Chien WC, Hung CT. Risk of psychiatric disorders in patients taking isotretinoin: A nationwide, population-based, cohort study in Taiwan. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:277-82. [PMID: 34628248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After isotretinoin's approval to treat patients with recalcitrant acne, there have been continued debates around its psychiatric safety profile. This study aimed to assess the risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with acne who are taking isotretinoin. METHODS We used de-identified information from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2015 to examine the risk for psychiatric disorders among patients with acne who were taking isotretinoin. We performed subgroup analyses based on the dosage and duration of isotretinoin administration. RESULTS This study included 29,943 participants during a 16-year follow-up period. We found no significantly increased risk for psychiatric disorders among patients taking isotretinoin compared with patients who did not receive isotretinoin treatment (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.009, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.422-1.696). Subgroup analyses showed no significantly increased risk for psychiatric disorders in patients taking different doses of isotretinoin (≤ 20 mg per day, aHR: 0.892, 95% CI: 0.371-1.501; > 20 mg per day, aHR: 1.068, 95% CI: 0.446-1.798). There was also no significant increase in risk for patients undergoing isotretinoin treatment over different periods (≤ 6 months, aHR: 0.924, 95% CI: 0.392-1.612; > 6 months, aHR: 1.196, 95% CI: 0.488-2.004). LIMITATIONS We did not analyze the risk of suicidal ideation, and it could be underestimated in medical claims databases. CONCLUSIONS We found no increased risk of psychiatric disorders among Taiwanese patients with acne who were taking isotretinoin. Higher dosage or longer duration of isotretinoin treatment did not increase the risk for developing a psychiatric disorder.
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RIAHI F, MOHAMMADI MR, IZADI MAZIDI M, KHALEGHI A, HOOSHYARI Z. Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Children and Adolescents: A Study from Khuzestan. Iran J Child Neurol 2022; 16:95-107. [PMID: 36204445 PMCID: PMC9531189 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v15i4.27319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to study the prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Khuzestan province. Materials & Methods A community sample consisting of 1028 (51.6% female) children and adolescents aged 6-18 years was selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were gathered using the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and a demographic questionnaire (i.e., gender, age, level of education, place of residence, parent's education, and parent's Job). Results Nearly 22.6% (22.3% of boys and 23% of girls) of all participants suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders based on gender, age, father's education, mother's education, mother's job, and father's job (all p>0.05). Psychiatric disorders were significantly more prevalent among children and adolescents in urban areas compared to rural places (2.9% vs. 8.1; p<0.001). The most prevalent category was anxiety disorders (15%). Also, the most common disorders were specific phobia (7%), separation anxiety disorder (6.3%), and enuresis (5.2%). The most common comorbid disorders were mood disorders and anxiety disorders (56.3%), followed by anxiety disorders and elimination disorders (32.1%). Discussion Psychiatric conditions are prevalent in children and adolescents living in Khuzestanian. The study's findings have important implications for providing effective psychiatric services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frough RIAHI
- Department of Psychiatry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza MOHAMMADI
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali KHALEGHI
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra HOOSHYARI
- Virual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Behashti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Koo JW, Wohleb ES. How Stress Shapes Neuroimmune Function: Implications for the Neurobiology of Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:74-84. [PMID: 33485589 PMCID: PMC8126571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress causes physiological and hormonal adaptations that lead to neurobiological consequences and behavioral and cognitive impairments. In particular, chronic stress has been shown to drive reduced neurogenesis and altered synaptic plasticity in brain regions that regulate mood and motivation. The neurobiological and behavioral effects of stress resemble the pathophysiology and symptoms observed in psychiatric disorders, suggesting that there are similar underlying mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroimmune systems, particularly microglia, have a critical role in regulating the neurobiology of stress. Preclinical models indicate that chronic stress provokes changes in microglia phenotype and increases inflammatory cytokine signaling, which affects neuronal function and leads to synaptic plasticity deficits and impaired neurogenesis. More recent work has shown that microglia can also phagocytose neuronal elements and contribute to structural remodeling of neurons in response to chronic stress. In this review we highlight work by the Duman research group (as well as others) that has revealed how chronic stress shapes neuroimmune function and, in turn, how inflammatory mediators and microglia contribute to the neurobiological effects of chronic stress. We also provide considerations to engage the therapeutic potential of neuroimmune systems, with the goal of improving treatment for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Wook Koo
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain
Research Institute, Daegu, Korea,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk
Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Eric S. Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology,
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of
America,Corresponding author: Eric S. Wohleb, Department
of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of
Medicine, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237 U.S.A.,
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Kleykamp BA, Ferguson MC, McNicol E, Bixho I, Arnold LM, Edwards RR, Fillingim R, Grol-Prokopczyk H, Turk DC, Dworkin RH. The Prevalence of Psychiatric and Chronic Pain Comorbidities in Fibromyalgia: an ACTTION systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 51:166-174. [PMID: 33383293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic widespread pain condition that overlaps with multiple comorbid health conditions and contributes to considerable patient distress. The aim of this review was to provide a systematic overview of psychiatric and chronic pain comorbidities among patients diagnosed with FM and to inform the development of recommendations for the design of clinical trials. Thirty-one, cross-sectional, clinical epidemiology studies that evaluated patients diagnosed with FM were included for review. None of the reviewed studies reported on the incidence of these comorbidities. Sample size-weighted prevalence estimates were calculated when prevalence data were reported in 2 or more studies for the same comorbid condition. The most prevalent comorbidity across all studies reviewed was depression/major depressive disorder (MDD) with over half of the patients included having this diagnosis in their lifetime (weighted prevalence up to 63%). In addition, nearly one-third of FM patients examined had current or lifetime bipolar disorder, panic disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Less common psychiatric disorders reported included generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and specific phobias (agoraphobia, social phobia). There were fewer studies that examined chronic pain comorbidities among FM patients, but when evaluated, prevalence was also high ranging from 39% to 76% (i.e., chronic tension-type or migraine headache, irritable bowel syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, and temporomandibular disorders). The results of the review suggest that depression and chronic pain conditions involving head/jaw pain and IBS were elevated among FM patients compared to other conditions in the clinic-based studies. In contrast, anxiety-related disorders were much less common. Addressing the presence of these comorbid health conditions in clinical trials of treatments for FM would increase the generalizability and real-world applicability of FM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethea A Kleykamp
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - McKenzie C Ferguson
- Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, School of Pharmacy, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | | | - Ida Bixho
- MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA; Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lesley M Arnold
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Roger Fillingim
- University of Florida, College of Dentistry, and Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Robert H Dworkin
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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de Araujo CM, Swardfager W, Zugman A, Cogo-Moreira H, Belangero SI, Ota VK, Spindola LM, Hakonarson H, Pellegrino R, Gadelha A, Salum GA, Pan PM, Mansur RB, Hoexter M, Picon F, Sato JR, Brietzke E, Grassi-Oliveira R, Rohde LAP, Miguel EC, Bressan RA, Jackowski AP. Are serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations related to brain structure and psychopathology in late childhood and early adolescence? CNS Spectr 2020; 25:790-6. [PMID: 31845634 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852919001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental disorders can have a major impact on brain development. Peripheral blood concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are lower in adult psychiatric disorders. Serum BDNF concentrations and BDNF genotype have been associated with cortical maturation in children and adolescents. In 2 large independent samples, this study tests associations between serum BDNF concentrations, brain structure, and psychopathology, and the effects of BDNF genotype on BDNF serum concentrations in late childhood and early adolescence. METHODS Children and adolescents (7-14 years old) from 2 cities (n = 267 in Porto Alegre; n = 273 in São Paulo) were evaluated as part of the Brazilian high-risk cohort (HRC) study. Serum BDNF concentrations were quantified by sandwich ELISA. Genotyping was conducted from blood or saliva samples using the SNParray Infinium HumanCore Array BeadChip. Subcortical volumes and cortical thickness were quantified using FreeSurfer. The Development and Well-Being Behavior Assessment was used to identify the presence of a psychiatric disorder. RESULTS Serum BDNF concentrations were not associated with subcortical volumes or with cortical thickness. Serum BDNF concentration did not differ between participants with and without mental disorders, or between Val homozygotes and Met carriers. CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found to support serum BDNF concentrations as a useful marker of developmental differences in brain and behavior in early life. Negative findings were replicated in 2 of the largest independent samples investigated to date.
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Accogli A, Brais B, Tampieri D, La Piana R. Long-Standing Psychiatric Features as the Only Clinical Presentation of Vanishing White Matter Disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 31:276-279. [PMID: 31046592 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- The Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal (Accogli); DINOGMI-Università di Genova, Italy (Accogli); IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy (Accogli); the Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (Brais, La Piana); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal (Brais); the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (Tampieri); and the Department of Neuroradiology, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal (La Piana)
| | - Bernard Brais
- The Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal (Accogli); DINOGMI-Università di Genova, Italy (Accogli); IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy (Accogli); the Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (Brais, La Piana); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal (Brais); the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (Tampieri); and the Department of Neuroradiology, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal (La Piana)
| | - Donatella Tampieri
- The Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal (Accogli); DINOGMI-Università di Genova, Italy (Accogli); IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy (Accogli); the Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (Brais, La Piana); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal (Brais); the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (Tampieri); and the Department of Neuroradiology, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal (La Piana)
| | - Roberta La Piana
- The Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal (Accogli); DINOGMI-Università di Genova, Italy (Accogli); IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy (Accogli); the Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (Brais, La Piana); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal (Brais); the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (Tampieri); and the Department of Neuroradiology, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal (La Piana)
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Heydari Yazdi AS, Eslamzadeh M, Mohammadi MR, Khaleghi A, Hooshyari Z, Moharreri F, Ebrahimpour SF, Ashouri S, Ashouri S. A survey of Psychiatric Disorders and Their Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents. Galen Med J 2020; 9:e1714. [PMID: 34466575 PMCID: PMC8344126 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This community-based study aimed to investigate the psychiatric disorders and their comorbidities according to the kind of psychiatric disorders. Frequency of demographic factors and the prevalence of total psychiatric disorders in term of demographic charactheristics were obtained too. Materials and Methods: The present study focused on 1028 children and adolescent aged 6 to 18 years old across the Razavi Khorasan province by random sampling. The subjects included 496 boys and 532 girls from three age groups (6-9 years, 10-14 years and 15-18 years). Eight clinical psychologists trained to complete the Persian version of K-SADS-PL (Kiddie-SADS present and life time version). This scale measures five diagnostic appendixes of psychiatric disorders. Demographic data of participants were collected too. The data were recorded into the SPSS version 16. The relationship between psychiatric disorders and demographic factors deliberate by descriptive analysis and 95% confidence interval. Results: The total rate of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescent was estimated as 20.5%, elimination disorders with a rate of 12.9% was the most prevalent disorder in the subjects. The lowest prevalence belongs to psychotic disorder and bulimia nervosa (0.1%). Of participants with mood disorders about 71.4% have behavioral disorders too. Anxiety disorders also commonly occurred in person with mood disorders. The comparison of ORs and their 95% confidence interval revealed that there is a significant difference for total psychiatric disorder among boys and girls (OR=0.6 for girls; 95% CI: 0.44-0.82). The rate of total psychiatric disorders in rural and urban areas was 14.9% and 21.1% respectively. Conclusion: With attention to the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents, it’s necessary that healthcare officials pay more attention to reinforcement of mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Eslamzadeh
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Correspondence to: Mahboubeh Eslamzadeh, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina hospital, Mashhad, Iran Telephone Number: +985137112540 Email Address:
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hooshyari
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moharreri
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Simin Ashouri
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Ashouri
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Turban JL, Shirk SD, Potenza MN, Hoff RA, Kraus SW. Posting Sexually Explicit Images or Videos of Oneself Online Is Associated With Impulsivity and Hypersexuality but Not Measures of Psychopathology in a Sample of US Veterans. J Sex Med 2019; 17:163-167. [PMID: 31708484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sending sexually explicit text messages ("sexting") is prevalent among US adults; however, the mental health correlates of this behavior among adults have not been studied adequately. Furthermore, there are few studies examining the related but distinct behavior of posting sexually explicit photos or videos of oneself online (posting sexual images [PSI]) and the mental health correlates of this behavior. AIM To examine associations between sexting, PSI, impulsivity, hypersexuality, and measures of psychopathology. METHODS Using a national convenience sample of 283 US post-deployment, post-9/11 military veterans, we evaluated the prevalence of 2 behaviors: sexting and PSI and the associations of these behaviors with psychopathology, suicidal ideation, sexual behaviors, hypersexuality, sexually transmitted infections, trauma history, and measures of impulsivity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Measures of psychopathology including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, substance dependence, hypersexuality, and suicidal ideation, as well as measures of impulsivity, sexual behavior, and trauma. RESULTS Sexting was found to be common among post-9/11 veterans (68.9%). A smaller number of veterans engaged in PSI (16.3%). PSI veterans were more likely to be younger, male, less educated, and unemployed. After adjusting for covariates, no associations were detected between PSI or sexting and the examined measures of psychopathology. However, PSI was associated with higher levels of impulsivity and hypersexuality, whereas sexting was not associated with these measures. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Results from this study suggest that not all digital sexual behaviors are associated with psychopathology. However, PSI was associated with hypersexuality and impulsivity. Those who engage with PSI may benefit from guidance on how to manage their impulsivity to prevent ego-dystonic sexual behaviors. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS The strengths of this study include differentiating PSI from sexting broadly, highlighting that digital sexual behaviors are heterogeneous. Limitations include the study's cross-sectional design, which limits causal interpretations. More research is also needed in civilian populations. CONCLUSION PSI was less prevalent than sexting in our sample. This behavior was associated with impulsivity and hypersexuality but not with elevated levels of psychopathology. Sexting was not associated with any of these measures. Turban JL, Shirk SD, Potenza MN, et al. Posting Sexually Explicit Images or Videos of Oneself Online Is Associated with Impulsivity and Hypersexuality but Not Measures of Psychopathology in a Sample of US Veterans. J Sex Med 2020;17:163-167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Turban
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Steven D Shirk
- VISN 1 New England MIRECC, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA; Department of Psychiatry and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT
| | - Rani A Hoff
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Northeast Program Evaluation Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Shane W Kraus
- VISN 1 New England MIRECC, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA; Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV.
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Mohammadi MR, Mostafavi SA, Hooshyari Z, Khaleghi A, Ahmadi N. Body Mass Index Status across Different Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey amongst Children and Adolescents: To Identify the Role of Gender. Iran J Psychiatry 2019; 14:253-264. [PMID: 32071598 PMCID: PMC7007508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Body mass index undergoes a substantial change in some psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to explore the status of body mass index (BMI) in different psychiatric disorders in a national survey among children and adolescents and to identify the role of gender in this regard. Method : A total of 30 532 children and adolescents were randomly selected using cluster sampling method with equal blocks of three age groups and two genders. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using a standardized face-to-face diagnostic interview of Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (KSADS-PL), and Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured for each participant. Results: In this study, 22 730 children and adolescents (109 46 boys and 11784 girls), with valid data of BMI, completed the KSADS-PL interview. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 21.2% among underweight participants, 22.8% among overweight participants, and 22.2% among obese participants, which was significantly higher than normal weight participants with 19.6% (X2 = 17.55; p = 0.001). In boys' subgroup, depression and separation anxiety were mostly seen among the underweight category, while tic disorder was mostly seen in the obese category. In girls' subgroup, on the other hand, generalized anxiety was mostly observed in the underweight category, while oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), depression, and mental retardation were mostly observed in the obese category. In total, the highest mean BMI rates were among the children and adolescents with alcohol abuse disorder, mania, and panic disorder. However, the lowest BMI rates were among those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), and enuresis. Conclusion: This study gives an overall picture of BMI status in different psychiatric disorders according to gender. Furthermore, in a multidisciplinary approach, the results of this study drew the attention of child psychiatrists to the status of BMI in their clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Ali Mostafavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Address: Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran, Postal Code: 13333795914. Tel: +98-2155413540, Fax: +98-2155421959,
| | - Zahra Hooshyari
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ahmadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Just-Østergaard E, Flensborg-Madsen T, Knop J, Sørensen HJ, Becker U, Mortensen EL. Intelligence in young adulthood and alcohol use disorders in a prospective cohort study of Danish men: the role of psychiatric disorders and parental psychiatric history. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028997. [PMID: 31488478 PMCID: PMC6731796 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims were to estimate the association between intelligence measured in young adulthood and risk of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in men and to investigate the potential modification of this association by psychiatric disorders, parental AUD and parental psychiatric disorders. DESIGN Prospective cohort study based on a linkage of intelligence test scores from draft board examinations and register data on AUD diagnoses during 36 years of follow-up. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS 3287 Danish men from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort (born 1959-1961) who appeared before the draft board at a mean age of 18.7 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE First registration with AUD during follow-up was the primary outcome. Information on AUD was based on diagnoses retrieved from national hospital and outpatient treatment registers, defined according to the International Classification of Diseases. RESULTS 361 (11.0%) men were registered with AUD during follow-up. Low intelligence scores were associated with increased odds of AUD adjusting for parental AUD, parental psychiatric disorders, maternal smoking during pregnancy, birth weight, maternal age at birth, parity and childhood socioeconomic position (OR per SD decrease in intelligence=1.69, 95% CI 1.49 to 1.92). Separate analyses indicated significant interaction (p<0.001) between intelligence and psychiatric disorders. The adjusted OR per SD decrease in intelligence score was 2.04 (95% CI 1.67 to 2.49) in men without other psychiatric disorders whereas the OR was 1.21 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.46) in men with other psychiatric disorders. No interaction was found between intelligence and parental AUD or between intelligence and parental psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS The association between intelligence in young adulthood and AUD is modified by other psychiatric disorders as low intelligence is primarily a risk factor for men without other psychiatric disorders. Future studies should take other psychiatric disorders into account when investigating associations between intelligence and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joachim Knop
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Becker
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Mohammadi MR, Ahmadi N, Khaleghi A, Mostafavi SA, Kamali K, Rahgozar M, Ahmadi A, Hooshyari Z, Alavi SS, Molavi P, Sarraf N, Hojjat SK, Mohammadzadeh S, Amiri S, Arman S, Ghanizadeh A, Ahmadipour A, Ostovar R, Nazari H, Hosseini SH, Golbon A, Derakhshanpour F, Delpisheh A, Riahi F, Talepasand S, Mojahed A, Hajian Motlagh N, Heydari Yazdi AS, Ahmadpanah M, Dastjerdi R, Amirian H, Armani A, Safavi P, Kousha M, Alaghmand A, Eslami Shahrbabaki M, Kiani A, Mahmoudi Gharaei J, Shakiba A, Zarafshan H, Salmanian M, Taylor E, Fombonne E. Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents. Iran J Psychiatry 2019; 14:1-15. [PMID: 31114613 PMCID: PMC6505051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Considering the impact of rapid sociocultural, political, and economical changes on societies and families, population-based surveys of mental disorders in different communities are needed to describe the magnitude of mental health problems and their disabling effects at the individual, familial, and societal levels. Method : A population-based cross sectional survey (IRCAP project) of 30 532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years was conducted in all provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by 250 clinical psychologists trained to use the validated Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-PL (K-SADS-PL). Results: In this national epidemiological survey, 6209 out of 30 532 (22.31%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The anxiety disorders (14.13%) and behavioral disorders (8.3%) had the highest prevalence, while eating disorders (0.13%) and psychotic symptoms (0.26%) had the lowest. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), in those living in the rural area (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), in those aged 15-18 years (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), as well as that was significantly higher in those who had a parent suffering from mental disorders (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.63-2.36 for mother and OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66 for father) or physical illness (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17-1.35 for mother and OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10-1.28 for father). Conclusion: About one fifth of Iranian children and adolescents suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Therefore, we should give a greater priority to promoting mental health and public health, provide more accessible services and trainings, and reduce barriers to accessing existing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ahmadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Corresponding Authors: Ali Khaleghi. Address: Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: 98-9163464494, Fax: 98-2155421959, Nastaran Ahmadi. Address: Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Tel: 98-3535231421, Fax: 98-3535231421,
;
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding Authors: Ali Khaleghi. Address: Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: 98-9163464494, Fax: 98-2155421959, Nastaran Ahmadi. Address: Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Tel: 98-3535231421, Fax: 98-3535231421,
;
| | - Seyed Ali Mostafavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahgozar
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ameneh Ahmadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hooshyari
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Salman Alavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Molavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sarraf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Soleiman Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Amiri
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soroor Arman
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadipour
- Department of Psychiatry, Booshehr University of Medical Sciences, Khalij-e-Fars Hospital, Booshehr, Iran
| | - Rahim Ostovar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hedayat Nazari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Atieh Golbon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Ali Delpisheh
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Forough Riahi
- Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Educational Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Siavash Talepasand
- Department of Educational Sciences and Development of Handicapped Children, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Azizollah Mojahed
- Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Houshang Amirian
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Armani
- Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Safavi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Kousha
- Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Anita Alaghmand
- Department of Psychiatric, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center and Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arezou Kiani
- Department of Psychiatry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi Gharaei
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alia Shakiba
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Zarafshan
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salmanian
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eric Taylor
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States of America
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23
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Rasoolinejad M, Abedinia N, Noorbala AA, Mohraz M, Bayat Jozani Z, Moradmand Badie B. The Effect of Psycho-Social Problems on Risky Behaviors in People Living With HIV in Tehran, Iran. J Family Reprod Health 2018; 12:89-95. [PMID: 30820212 PMCID: PMC6391305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Over the past years, the prevalence and the progression rate of HIV infection in Iran especially through high-risk sexual relationships have regrettably been reported at very high levels. This cross-sectional study tries to analyze stigma, mental health, and coping skills on risky behaviors in HIV-positive adults in Tehran- Iran. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 450 HIV-positive adults. Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the General HealthQuestionnaire-28, the Berger HIV Stigma Scale as well as the Lazarus Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ). To analyze the data, the independent-samples t-test and Pearson Correlation were used. Results: The findings of this study revealed that mental health, stigma, and avoidance-escape coping mechanisms were correlated with risky behaviors (p ˂ 0.05).Furthermore, the amount of stigma among female individuals compared to men was reported at higher levels and mental health status in the given group was lower than among male individuals. Conclusion: It seems that psychological treatment techniques could be effective in improving mental health and reducing risky behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Abedinia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Maternal Neonatal & Fetal Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Noorbala
- Department of Psychiatric, Psychosomatic Ward, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohraz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bayat Jozani
- Manager of Tehran Positive Club, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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24
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Jonas RK, Roh E, Montojo CA, Pacheco LA, Rosser T, Silva AJ, Bearden CE. Risky Decision Making in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: An Exploratory Study. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2017; 2:170-179. [PMID: 28736755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a monogenic disorder affecting cognitive function. About one third of children with NF1 have attentional disorders, and the cognitive phenotype is characterized by impairment in prefrontally-mediated functions. Mouse models of NF1 show irregularities in GABA release and striatal dopamine metabolism. We hypothesized that youth with NF1 would show abnormal behavior and neural activity on a task of risk-taking reliant on prefrontal-striatal circuits. METHODS Youth with NF1 (N=29) and demographically comparable healthy controls (N=22), ages 8-19, were administered a developmentally sensitive gambling task, in which they chose between low-risk gambles with a high probability of obtaining a small reward, and high-risk gambles with a low probability of obtaining a large reward. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural activity associated with risky decision making, as well as age-associated changes in these behavioral and neural processes. RESULTS Behaviorally, youth with NF1 tended to make fewer risky decisions than controls. Neuroimaging analyses revealed significantly reduced neural activity across multiple brain regions involved in higher-order semantic processing and motivation (i.e., anterior cingulate, paracingulate, supramarginal, and angular gyri) in patients with NF1 relative to controls during the task. We also observed atypical age-associated changes in neural activity in patients with NF1, such that during risk taking, neural activity tended to decrease with age in controls, whereas it tended to increase with age in patients with NF1. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that developmental trajectories of neural activity during risky decision-making may be disrupted in youth with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Jonas
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California-Los Angeles
| | - EunJi Roh
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California-Los Angeles
| | - Caroline A Montojo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California-Los Angeles
| | - Laura A Pacheco
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California-Los Angeles
| | - Tena Rosser
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California-Los Angeles
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25
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Mohammadi MR, Ahmadi N, Kamali K, Khaleghi A, Ahmadi A. Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders in Iranian Children and Adolescents (IRCAP) and Its Relationship with Social Capital, Life Style and Parents' Personality Disorders: Study Protocol. Iran J Psychiatry 2017; 12:66-72. [PMID: 28496504 PMCID: PMC5425354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed at designing a cross sectional study to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents (IRCAP) and to determine its relationship with social capital, life style, and parents' personality disorders. Method: This cross sectional study was a national project implemented in all provinces of Iran. In this community-based study, using multistage cluster sampling method, we selected 1000 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in each province. The total sample size reached to 31 000. We randomly collected 170 blocks. Then, of each cluster head, we selected 6 cases including 3 cases of each gender in different age groups (6- 9 years, 10- 14 years, and 15- 18 years). The clinical psychologists instructed the participants to complete the Persian version of Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). In addition, demographic data (gender, age, education, parent education, and economic situation) and information on lifestyle, social capital, and parents' personality disorders were obtained from the participants. Discussion: IRCAP study presents a protocol for an epidemiological survey on the first estimates for the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents across the country. This large body of data, on a range of individual behavioural and emotional items and scores, allows us to compare the rates and patterns of deviance between urban and rural places of residence in 31 provinces of Iran with non Iranian samples surveyed with the same measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ahmadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Address: Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Jomhouri Boulevard, Yazd, Iran.
Tel: 035 35231421, Fax: 035 35231421,
| | | | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Ahmadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Hawes AM, Axinn WG, Ghimire DJ. Ethnicity and Psychiatric Disorders. Ann Psychiatry Ment Health 2016; 4:1072. [PMID: 28824961 PMCID: PMC5560443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are one of the leading causes of disease-related disability in the world today. However, little is known about the ethnic variation of these disorders within populations. This is especially true in contexts outside of the United States and the European Diaspora. This study provides new evidence from South Asia on ethnic differences in Major Depressive Episode, Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Attack, Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder. We use data from 400 adult interviews conducted in Nepal in a controlled comparison design as a case study. We use a series of multilevel logistic regression models to predict ethnic group differences in psychiatric disorders and episodes with measures from clinically validated World Mental Health survey instruments. Compared to the Brahmin/Chhetri group, we found historically excluded Dalits had statistically significantly higher odds of almost all psychiatric disorders and episodes. We also found that historically resilient Janajatis had statistically significantly lower odds of being diagnosed with PTSD than the majority Brahmin/Chhetri group. We also found no significant gender difference in MDD or MDE. Psychiatric disorders and episodes vary significantly by ethnicity within a rural Asian population, but gender differences are small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armani M. Hawes
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, USA
| | - William G. Axinn
- Department of Sociology and Public Policy; Research Professor, Population Studies Center and Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, USA
| | - Dirgha J. Ghimire
- Population Studies Center; Faculty Associate, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, USA
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27
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Apple DM, Fonseca RS, Kokovay E. The role of adult neurogenesis in psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Brain Res 2016; 1655:270-276. [PMID: 26801829 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in mammals occurs throughout life in two brain regions: the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Development and regulation of the V-SVZ and SGZ is unique to each brain region, but with several similar characteristics. Alterations to the production of new neurons in neurogenic regions have been linked to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Decline in neurogenesis in the SGZ correlates with affective and psychiatric disorders, and can be reversed by antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. Likewise, neurogenesis in the V-SVZ can also be enhanced by antidepressant drugs. The regulation of neurogenesis by neurotransmitters, particularly monoamines, in both regions suggests that aberrant neurotransmitter signaling observed in psychiatric disease may play a role in the pathology of these mental health disorders. Similarly, the cognitive deficits that accompany neurodegenerative disease may also be exacerbated by decreased neurogenesis. This review explores the regulation and function of neural stem cells in rodents and humans, and the involvement of factors that contribute to psychiatric and cognitive deficits. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:StemsCellsinPsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana M Apple
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, 7703, Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
| | - Rene Solano Fonseca
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, 7703, Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Erzsebet Kokovay
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, 7703, Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
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28
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Staccini L, Tomba E, Grandi S, Keitner GI. The evaluation of family functioning by the family assessment device: a systematic review of studies in adult clinical populations. Fam Process 2015; 54:94-115. [PMID: 25154959 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A large body of research, documenting the impact of a family's functioning on health outcomes, highlights the importance of introducing the evaluation of patients' family dynamics into clinical judgment. The Family Assessment Device (FAD) is a self-report questionnaire designed to assess specific dimensions of family functioning. This qualitative systematic review, which follows PRISMA guidelines, aimed to identify the FAD's clinimetric properties and to report the incremental utility of its inclusion in clinical settings. A thorough literature search was performed, using both computerized and manual searches, yielding a total of 148 studies that were included in this review. The FAD has been extensively used in a variety of research contexts. In the majority of studies it was able to discriminate between clinical populations and controls and among groups of patients with different illnesses. The FAD also showed good test-retest and concurrent reliability, and modest sensitivity to change after treatment. FAD-dysfunctional family functioning was related to several patient clinical outcomes, including lower recovery rates and adherence to treatment, longer recovery time, poorer quality of life, and increased risk of relapse and drop-out. The present review demonstrates that the FAD is a suitable instrument for the evaluation of family functioning both in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Staccini
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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29
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Glass JE, Williams EC, Bucholz KK. Psychiatric comorbidity and perceived alcohol stigma in a nationally representative sample of individuals with DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1697-705. [PMID: 24848495 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is among the most stigmatized health conditions and is frequently comorbid with mood, anxiety, and drug use disorders. Theoretical frameworks have conceptualized stigma-related stress as a predictor of psychiatric disorders. We described profiles of psychiatric comorbidity among people with AUD and compared levels of perceived alcohol stigma across profiles. METHODS Cross-sectional data were analyzed from a general population sample of U.S. adults with past-year DSM-5 AUD (n = 3,368) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, which was collected from 2001 to 2005. Empirically derived psychiatric comorbidity profiles were established with latent class analysis, and mean levels of perceived alcohol stigma were compared across the latent classes while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and AUD severity. RESULTS Four classes of psychiatric comorbidity emerged within this AUD sample, including those with: (i) high comorbidity, reflecting internalizing (i.e., mood and anxiety disorders) and externalizing (i.e., antisocial personality and drug use disorders) disorders; (ii) externalizing comorbidity; (iii) internalizing comorbidity; and (iv) no comorbidity. Perceived alcohol stigma was significantly higher in those with internalizing comorbidity (but not those with high comorbidity) as compared to those with no comorbidity or externalizing comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS Perceived stigma, as manifested by anticipations of social rejection and discrimination, may increase risk of internalizing psychiatric comorbidity. Alternatively, internalizing psychiatric comorbidity could sensitize affected individuals to perceive more negative attitudes toward them. Future research is needed to understand causal and bidirectional associations between alcohol stigma and psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Glass
- School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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30
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Aung SK, Fay H, Hobbs RF. Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Basis for Treating Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Theory with Illustrative Cases. Med Acupunct 2013; 25:398-406. [PMID: 24761185 PMCID: PMC3870484 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2013.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Integrative medicine is becoming increasingly accepted in the global scheme of health care. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is often included among integrative medicine modalities. Objective: This article provides a background for integration of acupuncture and other TCM-derived approaches to managing psychiatric conditions. Methods: Classical theories of TCM that pertain to psychiatric conditions are reviewed, focusing on concepts of energetic imbalance, the implications of mind-body-spirit connections, and treatment strategies that involve TCM modalities. An example of correlation between TCM patterns of disharmony and the Western diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is given, along with an illustrative case in which counseling, medications, and acupuncture were combined in treatment. TCM principles are incorporated in certain energy psychology modalities, such as Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT). A case is presented demonstrating the integration of energy psychology with acupuncture, Qigong and hypnosis as an avenue for releasing pathogenic emotions. In classical TCM theory, assessing and treating spiritual disharmonies is fundamental for dealing with emotional disorders. Practical application in a clinical case is described. Conclusions: TCM offers a cogent theoretical basis for assessing and clinically managing patients presenting with mental health issues. TCM principles integrate well with other systems, including Western medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Fay
- Private Practice, Integrative Medicine and Acupuncture, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard F. Hobbs
- Plum Blossom Acupuncture and Integrative Medicine, Waterville, ME
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