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Sun Y, Zhu C, Huang L, Luo C, Ju P, Chen J. Identification of key modules in metabolic syndrome induced by second-generation antipsychotics based on co-expression network analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:723-731. [PMID: 38292473 PMCID: PMC10826125 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) frequently cause metabolic syndrome (MetS), which raises the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, morbid obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. MetS also impairs cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. However, the fundamental reasons of MetS caused by SGAs are not yet fully understood. Thus, we aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets for MetS induced by SGAs. Methods The serum biochemical parameters and the RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured in three groups (healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia with and without MetS taking SGAs). The study of the weighted gene co-expression network was utilized to pinpoint modules that were significantly connected to clinical markers. Results Statistical analysis showed significant differences in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein among the three groups. The TNF signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were the pathways that were primarily enriched in the two unique co-expression network modules that were found. Finally, five specific genes (TNF, CXCL8, IL1B, TIMP1, and ESR1) associated with metabolism and immunity pathways were identified. Conclusions This study indicated that SGAs differentially induced MetS of patients with schizophrenia through metabolic and inflammation-related pathways. Therefore, the potential side effects of drugs on inflammatory processes need to be considered when using SGAs for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lixuan Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Knížková K, Keřková B, Večeřová M, Šustová P, Jonáš J, Siroňová A, Hrubý A, Rodriguez M. Longitudinal course of core cognitive domains in first-episode acute and transient psychotic disorders compared with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 37:100311. [PMID: 38601889 PMCID: PMC11004639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) is characterized by acute onset of psychotic symptoms and early recovery. Contrastingly, schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by impaired functioning including a deficit in cognition. In SZ, the cognitive deficit is among the core symptoms, but in ATPDs, the existing evidence brings mixed results. Our primary aim was to compare three core cognitive domains (executive functioning/abstraction, speed of processing and working memory) of patients diagnosed with ATPD and SZ over a 12-month period. Moreover, we explored how these diagnostic subgroups differed in their clinical characteristics. We recruited 39 patients with a diagnosis of SZ and 31 with ATPD with schizophrenic symptoms. All patients completed clinical and neuropsychological assessments. At baseline, we used a one-way ANCOVA model with a group as the between-subjects factor. Mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVAs with time as the within-subjects factor and group as the between-subjects factor were run to test the overtime differences. At baseline, we did not find any differences in cognition - with sex, education and age as covariates - between ATPDs and SZ. After one year, all patients showed an improvement in all three domains, however, there were no significant overtime changes between ATPDs and SZ. Regarding clinical profiles, ATPDs demonstrated less severe psychopathology and better functioning compared to SZ both at baseline and after 12 months. The medication dosage differed at retest, but not at baseline between the groups. Our findings suggest clinical differences and a similar trajectory of cognitive performance between these diagnostic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Knížková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Keřková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Večeřová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Šustová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Jonáš
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Siroňová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hrubý
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Mabel Rodriguez
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Koreki A, Ogyu K, Miyazaki T, Takenouchi K, Matsushita K, Honda S, Koizumi T, Onaya M, Uchida H, Mimura M, Nakajima S, Noda Y. Aberrant heartbeat-evoked potential in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110969. [PMID: 38369098 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Self-disturbance is considered a core feature underlying the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Interoception has an important role in the development of a sense of self, leading to increased interest in the potential contribution of abnormal interoception to self-disturbances in schizophrenia. Several neuropsychological studies have demonstrated aberrant interoception in schizophrenia. However, cortical interoceptive processing has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Thus, we sought to examine resting-state heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) in this population. We hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia would exhibit significant alterations in HEP compared to healthy controls (HCs). In this cross-sectional electroencephalogram (EEG) study, we compared the HEPs between age- and sex-matched groups of patients with schizophrenia and HCs. A 10-min resting-state EEG with eyes closed and an electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded and analyzed for the time window of 450 ms to 500 ms after an ECG R peak. A positive HEP shift was observed in the frontal-central regions (F [1, 82] = 7.402, p = 0.008, partial η2 = 0.009) in patients with schizophrenia (n = 61) when compared with HCs (n = 31) after adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, and heart rate. A cluster-based correction analysis revealed that the HEP around the right frontal area (Fp2, F4, and F8) showed the most significant group differences (F [1, 82] = 10.079, p = 0.002, partial η2 = 0.021), with a peak at the F4 electrode site (F [1, 82] = 12.646, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.069). We observed no correlation between HEP and symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. A positive shift of HEP during the late component could reflect a trait abnormality in schizophrenia. Further research is required to determine the association between the altered cortical interoceptive processing indexed with HEP and self-disturbances in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Koreki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Chiba-Higashi Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kamiyu Ogyu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Takenouchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Karin Matsushita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Honda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruki Koizumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsumoto Onaya
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Weerasekera A, Ion-Mărgineanu A, Nolan GP, Mody M. Subcortical-cortical white matter connectivity in adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111806. [PMID: 38508025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are neuropsychiatric disorders that overlap in symptoms associated with social-cognitive impairment. Alterations of the cingulate cortex, subcortical, medial-temporal, and orbitofrontal structures are frequently reported in both disorders. In this study, we examined white-matter connectivity between these structures in adults with ASD and SZ patients compared with their respective neurotypical controls and indirectly with each other, using probabilistic and local DTI tractography. This exploratory study utilized publicly available neuroimaging databases, of adults with ASD (ABIDE II; n = 28) and SZ (COBRE; n = 38), age-gender matched neurotypicals (NT) and associated phenotypic data. Tractography was performed using Freesurfer and MRtrix software, and diffusion metrics of white-matter tracts between cingulate-, orbitofrontal- cortices, subcortical structures, parahippocampal, entorhinal cortex were assessed. In ASD, atypical diffusivity parameters were found in the isthmus cingulate and parahippocampal connectivity to subcortical and rostral-anterior cingulate, which were also associated with IQ and social skills (SRS). In contrast, atypical diffusivity parameters were observed between the medial-orbitofrontal cortex and subcortical structures in SZ, and were associated with executive function (i.e., IQ, processing speed) and emotional regulation. Overall, the results suggest that defects in the isthmus cingulate, medial-orbitofrontal, and striato-limbic white matter connectivity may help unravel the neural underpinnings of executive and social-emotional dysfunction at the core of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Weerasekera
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Adrian Ion-Mărgineanu
- ESAT - STADIUS, KU Leuven, Leuven. Belgium; Biomed Artificial Intelligence LLC, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Maria Mody
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Corral S, Gaspar PA, Castillo-Passi RI, Mayol Troncoso R, Mundt AP, Ignatyev Y, Nieto RR, Figueroa-Muñoz A. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a screening tool for cognitive impairment in early stages of psychosis. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100302. [PMID: 38323136 PMCID: PMC10844107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Cognitive alterations have been reported in early stages of psychosis including people with First Episode Psychosis (FEP), Clinical High-Risk Mental State (CHR), and Psychotic-Like Experience (PLE). This study aimed to compare the cognitive function in early stages of psychosis using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a low-cost and brief assessment tool of cognitive functions. Methods A total of 154 individuals, including 35 with FEP, 38 CHR, 44 PLE, and 37 healthy controls (HC), were evaluated with the MoCA in Santiago, Chile. We calculated the mean total score of the MoCA and the standard deviation of the mean. Groups were assessed for a trend to lower scores in a pre-determined sequence (HC > PLE > CHR > FEP) using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test (TJT). Results The mean total MoCA scores were 24.8 ± 3.3 in FEP, 26.4 ± 2.4 in CHR, 26.4 ± 2.3 in PLE, and 27.2 ± 1.8 in HC. The analyses revealed a significant trend (p < 0.05) toward lower MoCA individual domain scores and MoCA total scores in the following order: HC > PLE > CHR > FEP. The mean total scores of all groups were above the cut-off for cognitive impairment (22 points). Conclusions The MoCA describes lower scores in cognition across early stages of psychosis and may be a useful low-cost assessment instrument in early intervention centers of poorly resourced settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Corral
- Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Gaspar
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio para Mejorar la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes, Imhay, Chile
| | - Rolando I. Castillo-Passi
- Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio para Mejorar la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes, Imhay, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Rocío Mayol Troncoso
- Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio para Mejorar la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes, Imhay, Chile
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrian P. Mundt
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yuriy Ignatyev
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Faculty for Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Rodrigo R. Nieto
- Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Figueroa-Muñoz
- Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Jiang Y, Cai Y, Lu Y, Wu G, Zhang XY. Relationship between anemia and its correlates and cognitive function in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia: A large cross-sectional study. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100300. [PMID: 38288371 PMCID: PMC10823126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Background Although both anemia and schizophrenia (SCZ) can cause cognitive decline, it is unclear whether anemia worsens cognitive decline in patients with SCZ. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anemia and the relationship between anemia, SCZ symptom severity, and cognitive function in patients with SCZ. Methods We obtained demographic and clinical data from 1690 inpatients with SCZ. All psychiatric symptoms and cognitive functioning were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Hemoglobin (HGB) values as well as red blood cell (RBC) counts were collected by routine blood tests. Results The proportion of anemia in patients with SCZ was 26.36 % (383/1453). Compared to SCZ patients without anemia, SCZ patients with anemia were older, had a lower bodyweight, a smaller waist circumference and lower apolipoprotein B levels, but longer QT intervals. Further logistic regression analysis revealed that anemia was associated with age, gender, and weight. In addition, there was no difference in cognitive function between SCZ patients with and without anemia. Conclusion Our findings suggest a high proportion of anemia in patients with chronic SCZ in the Han Chinese population. Several demographic and clinical variables are associated with anemia in SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Guangxi Brain Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Center, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center/Shenzhen KangNing Hospital, Department of Psychosomatic Disorders, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- Guangxi Brain Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Center, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Guanghui Wu
- Guangxi Brain Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Center, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wei GX, Shen H, Ge LK, Cao B, Manohar R, Zhang X. The altered volume of striatum: A neuroimaging marker of treatment in first-episode and drug-naïve schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100308. [PMID: 38511167 PMCID: PMC10950692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Although schizophrenia patients exhibit structural abnormalities in the striatum, it remains largely unknown for the role of the striatum subregions in the treatment response of antipsychotic drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between the striatal subregions and improved clinical symptoms in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) schizophrenia. Forty-two FEDN schizophrenia patients and 29 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. At baseline, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the clinical symptoms of patients, MRI scanner was used to obtain anatomical images of patients and HCs. After 12-week stable doses of risperidone treatment, clinical symptoms were obtained in 38 patients and anatomical images in 26 patients. After 12 weeks of treatment, the left nucleus accumbens volume decreased, whereas the left pallidum volume increased in schizophrenia patients. The decreased left nucleus accumbens volume was positively correlated with cognitive factor improvement measured by PANSS. Intriguingly, greater left nucleus accumbens volume at baseline predicted greater cognitive improvements. Furthermore, the responders who had >50 % improvement in cognitive symptoms exhibited significantly greater baseline left nucleus accumbens volume compared to non-responders. The left striatum volume at baseline and after treatment predicted the cognitive improvements in FEDN schizophrenia, which could be a potential biomarker for the development of precision medicine approaches targeting cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xia Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Kun Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Roja Manohar
- Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas, USA
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ben-Azu B, Adebayo OG, Fokoua AR, Oritsemuelebi B, Chidebe EO, Nwogueze CB, Kumanwee L, Uyere GE, Emuakpeje MT. Antipsychotic effect of diosgenin in ketamine-induced murine model of schizophrenia: Involvement of oxidative stress and cholinergic transmission. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:86-97. [PMID: 38282757 PMCID: PMC10818187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the levels of antioxidant arsenals exacerbate generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, leading to neurochemical dysfunction, with significant impact on the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. This study examined the preventive and reversal effects of diosgenin, a phyto-steroidal saponin with antioxidant functions in mice treated with ketamine which closely replicates schizophrenia-like symptoms in human and laboratory animals. In the preventive phase, adult mice cohorts were clustered into 5 groups (n = 9). Groups 1 and 2 received saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.), groups 3 and 4 were pretreated with diosgenin (25 and 50 mg/kg), and group 5 received risperidone (0.5 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Mice in groups 2-5 additionally received a daily dose of ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (10 mL/kg/day, i.p.). In the reversal phase, mice received intraperitoneal injection of ketamine or saline for 14 consecutive days prior to diosgenin (25 and 50 mg/kg/p.o./day) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg/p.o./day) treatment from days 8-14. Mice were assessed for behavioral changes. Oxidative, nitrergic markers, and cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase activity) transmission were examined in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. Diosgenin prevented and reversed hyperlocomotion, cognitive and social deficits in mice treated with ketamine relative to ketamine groups. The increased acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde and nitrite levels produced by ketamine were reduced by diosgenin in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus, but did not reverse striatal nitrite level. Diosgenin increased glutathione, and catalase levels, except for hippocampal catalase activity when compared with ketamine controls. Conclusively, these biochemical changes might be related to the behavioral deficits in ketamine-treated mice, which were prevented and reversed by diosgenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G. Adebayo
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Aliance Romain Fokoua
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
- Research unit of Neuroinflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Benjamin Oritsemuelebi
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel O. Chidebe
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuebuka B. Nwogueze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Lenatababari Kumanwee
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - God'swill E. Uyere
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Micheal T. Emuakpeje
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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Khalesi Z, Jetha MK, McNeely HE, Goldberg JO, Schmidt LA. Shyness, emotion processing, and objective quality of life among adults with schizophrenia: an ERP study. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:103-111. [PMID: 35713104 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2089135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Although individual differences in temperament have been shown to influence Quality of Life (QoL) among individuals with schizophrenia, there exists considerable heterogeneity in such outcomes suggesting moderating factors. Here we used event-related potential (ERP) methodology to examine whether the processing of facial emotions moderated the association between shyness and objective QoL among adults with schizophrenia.Methods: Forty stable outpatients with schizophrenia completed measures of shyness and QoL. Early visual ERP components (P100, N170) were recorded while participants viewed emotional faces.Results: We observed a significant interaction between shyness and P100 and N170 amplitudes in response to fearful faces in predicting Intrapsychic Foundations QoL. Patients with reduced P100 and N170 amplitudes to fearful compared to neutral faces displayed the lowest QoL, but only if they were also high in shyness. We also found a significant interaction between shyness and ERP latency at the P100 and N170 in response to happy faces. Patients who displayed longer P100 and N170 latencies to happy faces compared to neutral faces and with higher shyness levels scored lower on Intrapsychic Foundations and Interpersonal Relations QoL, respectively.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the neural processing of emotional faces and shyness interact to predict aspects of QoL among outpatients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khalesi
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle K Jetha
- Department of Psychology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Heather E McNeely
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel O Goldberg
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Rachid H, Saif Z, Raoui S, Serhier Z, Agoub M. Does cannabis affect cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia? Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100299. [PMID: 38196922 PMCID: PMC10772380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Cannabis use impairs cognitive performance in healthy subjects; several studies have shown improved cognitive outcomes in schizophrenic patients using cannabis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cannabis use on cognitive function in Moroccan patients with schizophrenia who were cannabis users. Method Two groups were recruited in a Moroccan University Psychiatric Centre. Fifty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the DSM-V who were cannabis users (SZ CANN +) and forty-nine patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-V who do not use cannabis (SZ CANN-). Cognitive functioning was assessed using the CogState neuropsychological battery. Results The results of the study suggest that SZ CANN- patients performed better in the test of psychomotor function, attention and verbal memory. While SZ CANN+ patients performed better in the test of working memory, visual memory and emotional recognition. We found no relationship between SZ CANN+ patients and SZ CANN- patients concerning executive function. Conclusions Our results suggest that cannabis use may have different effects on neurocognitive functioning. It is associated with disorders of psychomotor function, attention and verbal memory. So, it is associated with an improvement in working memory, visual memory and emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Rachid
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- University Psychiatric Center, Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Zineb Saif
- Legal medicine service University Hospital Center, Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salma Raoui
- University Psychiatric Center, Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Zineb Serhier
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Medical Informatics Laboratory-Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Agoub
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- University Psychiatric Center, Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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11
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Sağdıç M, Izgi B, Yapici Eser H, Ercis M, Üçok A, Kuşçu K. Face and emotion recognition in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, ultra-high risk for psychosis, unaffected siblings, and healthy controls in a sample from Turkey. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100301. [PMID: 38328022 PMCID: PMC10848035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Face and emotion recognition are crucial components of social cognition. We aimed to compare them in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ), ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients (SIB), and healthy controls (HC). METHODS One hundred sixty-six participants (45 SCZ, 14 UHR, 45 SIB, and 62 HC) were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5). Positive and Negative syndrome scale (PANSS), PennCNB Facial Memory (CPF), and Emotion Recognition Task (ER40) were applied. RESULTS In CPF, SCZ performed significantly lower than SIB and HC. SIB was also significantly lower than HC for total correct responses. The sample size of the UHR group was small, and the statistical comparisons did not reach a significance, however, a trend towards decreased performance between the SCZ and SIB was found. In ER40, SCZ performed significantly lower than HC and SIB in all domains, except for the insignificant findings for angry ER between SIB and SCZ. SIB also performed significantly lower than HC for angry, negative, and total ER. UHR was similar to SCZ for happy and sad ER and performed significantly lower than HC for happy ER. The effect of SCZ diagnosis on the efficiency of CPF and ER40 was significant when corrected for age and education. For SCZ, PANSS also significantly affected the CPF and ER40. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest varying levels of face and emotion recognition deficits in individuals with SCZ, UHR, and SIB. Face and emotion recognition deficits are promising schizophrenia endophenotypes related to social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meylin Sağdıç
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Izgi
- Koç University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hale Yapici Eser
- Koç University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mete Ercis
- İstanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Üçok
- İstanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Kuşçu
- Koç University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
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Hajizadeh Moghaddam A, Malekzadeh Estalkhi F, Khanjani Jelodar S, Ahmed Hasan T, Farhadi-Pahnedari S, Karimian M. Neuroprotective effects of alpha-pinene against behavioral deficits in ketamine-induced mice model of schizophrenia: Focusing on oxidative stress status. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:182-189. [PMID: 38318342 PMCID: PMC10839590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a profound neurological disorder that affects approximately 1% of the global population. Alpha-pinene (α-pinene) is a natural and active monoterpene found in coniferous tree oil, primarily pine, with diverse pharmacological characteristics, including antioxidative, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties. This research study delves into the neuroprotective effects of α-pinene on oxidative stress, memory deficits, and depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in a ketamine-induced mice model of SCZ using male mice. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: vehicle, control, positive control, ketamine, α-pinene at 50 mg/kg, and α-pinene at 100 mg/kg. Treatment of the ketamine-induced mice model of SCZ with α-pinene yielded significant improvements in depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairments. Furthermore, it significantly elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), dopamine levels, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities while markedly reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The current study establishes that α-pinene treatment effectively mitigates oxidative damage, cognitive deficits, and depressive and anxiogenic-like behaviors in the brains of ketamine-treated mice. Therefore, α-pinene treatment is an efficacious approach to forestall the neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical adverse effects of the ketamine-induced SCZ model of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tabarek Ahmed Hasan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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Shboul M, Bani Domi A, Abu Zahra A, Khasawneh AG, Darweesh R. Plasma miRNAs as potential biomarkers for schizophrenia in a Jordanian cohort. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:350-358. [PMID: 38511065 PMCID: PMC10950580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SZ), a complex and chronic neuropsychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1 % of the general population, presents diagnostic challenges due to the absence of reliable biomarkers, and relying mainly on clinical observations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) signatures in a wide range of diseases, including psychiatric disorders, hold immense potential for serving as biomarkers. This study aimed to analyze the expression levels of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) namely miR-29b-3p, miR-106b-5p, and miR-199a-3p and explore their diagnostic potential for SZ in Jordanian patients. Methods Small RNAs (miRNAs) were extracted from plasma samples of 30 SZ patients and 35 healthy controls. RNA was reverse transcribed and quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of three miRNAs (miR-29b-3p, miR-106b-5p and miR-199a-3p) were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis was performed to evaluate diagnostic value of these miRNAs. Target genes prediction, functional enrichment and pathway analyses were done using miRWalk and Metascape. STRING database was used to construct protein-protein network and identify hub genes. Results Notably, miR-106b-5p and miR-199a-3p were significantly upregulated (p < 0.0001), while miRNA-29b-3p was downregulated (p < 0.0001) in SZ patients compared to controls. The diagnostic potential was assessed through ROC curves, revealing substantial diagnostic value for miR-199a-3p (AUC: 0.979) followed by miR-106b-5p (AUC: 0.774), with limited diagnostic efficacy for miR-29b-3p. Additionally, bioinformatic analyses for the predicted target genes of the diagnostically significant miRNAs uncovered Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to neurological development, including morphogenesis, which is involved in neuron differentiation, brain development, head development, and neuron projection morphogenesis. These findings highlight a potential connection between the identified miRNAs and SZ pathophysiology in the studied Jordanian population. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network from the target genes identified in association with neurological development in the Gene Ontology (GO) terms deepens our comprehension of the molecular landscape of the regulated target genes. Conclusions This comprehensive exploration highlights the promising role of miRNAs in unraveling intricate molecular pathways associated with SZ in the Jordanian cohort and suggests that plasma miRNAs could serve as reliable biomarkers for SZ diagnosis and disease progression. Remarkably, this study represents the first investigation into the role of circulating miRNA expression among Jordanian patients with SZ, providing valuable insights into the diagnostic landscape of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shboul
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Amal Bani Domi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Abdulmalek Abu Zahra
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Aws G. Khasawneh
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Reem Darweesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Russell MT, Hajdúk M, Springfield CR, Klein HS, Bass EL, Mittal VA, Williams TF, O’Toole AJ, Pinkham AE. Identity recognition from faces and bodies in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100307. [PMID: 38486791 PMCID: PMC10937230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Deficits in facial identity recognition and its association with poor social functioning are well documented in schizophrenia, but none of these studies have assessed the role of the body in these processes. Recent research in healthy populations shows that the body is also an important source of information in identity recognition, and the current study aimed to thoroughly examine identity recognition from both faces and bodies in schizophrenia. Sixty-five individuals with schizophrenia and forty-nine healthy controls completed three conditions of an identity matching task in which they attempted to match unidentified persons in unedited photos of faces and bodies, edited photos showing faces only, or edited photos showing bodies only. Results revealed global deficits in identity recognition in individuals with schizophrenia (ηp2 = 0.068), but both groups showed better recognition from bodies alone as compared to faces alone (ηp2 = 0.573), suggesting that the ability to extract useful information from bodies when identifying persons may remain partially preserved in schizophrenia. Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between face/body processing, identity recognition, and functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madisen T. Russell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michal Hajdúk
- Department of Psychology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Gondova 2, 811 02 Bratislava 1, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- The Center for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 8, 841 04 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
| | - Cassi R. Springfield
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Hans S. Klein
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Emily L. Bass
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., 102 Swift Hall, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Trevor F. Williams
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., 102 Swift Hall, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alice J. O’Toole
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Amy E. Pinkham
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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15
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Bogie BJ, Noël C, Gu F, Nadeau S, Shvetz C, Khan H, Rivard MC, Bouchard S, Lepage M, Guimond S. Using virtual reality to improve verbal episodic memory in schizophrenia: A proof-of-concept trial. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100305. [PMID: 38486790 PMCID: PMC10937232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is associated with impairments in verbal episodic memory. Strategy for Semantic Association Memory (SESAME) training represents a promising cognitive remediation program to improve verbal episodic memory. Virtual reality (VR) may be a novel tool to increase the ecological validity and transfer of learned skills of traditional cognitive remediation programs. The present proof-of-concept study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a VR-based cognitive remediation module inspired by SESAME principles to improve the use of verbal episodic memory strategies in schizophrenia. Methods Thirty individuals with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder completed this study. Participants were randomized to either a VR-based verbal episodic memory training condition inspired by SESAME principles (intervention group) or an active control condition (control group). In the training condition, a coach taught semantic encoding strategies (active rehearsal and semantic clustering) to help participants remember restaurant orders in VR. In the active control condition, participants completed visuospatial puzzles in VR. Attrition rate, participant experience ratings, and cybersickness questionnaires were used to assess feasibility and acceptability. Trial 1 of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised was administered pre- and post-intervention to assess preliminary efficacy. Results Feasibility was demonstrated by a low attrition rate (5.88 %), and acceptability was demonstrated by limited cybersickness and high levels of enjoyment. Although the increase in the number of semantic clusters used following the module did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance in the intervention group, it demonstrated a notable trend with a medium effect size (t = 1.48, p = 0.15, d = 0.54), in contrast to the control group where it remained stable (t = 0.36, p = 0.72, d = 0.13). These findings were similar for the semantic clustering ratio in the intervention (t = 1.61, p = 0.12, d = 0.59) and control (t = 0.36, p = 0.72, d = 0.13) groups. There was no significant change in the number of recalled words in either group following VR immersion. Discussion This VR intervention was feasible, acceptable, and may be useful for improving the use of semantic encoding strategies. These findings support the use of more ecological approaches for the treatment of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, such as VR-based cognitive remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce J.M. Bogie
- MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chelsea Noël
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Gu
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sébastien Nadeau
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Cecelia Shvetz
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hassan Khan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Rivard
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Lian K, Li Y, Yang W, Ye J, Liu H, Wang T, Yang G, Cheng Y, Xu X. Hub genes, a diagnostic model, and immune infiltration based on ferroptosis-linked genes in schizophrenia. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:317-328. [PMID: 38390236 PMCID: PMC10882140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a prevalent and serious mental disorder, and the exact pathophysiology of this condition is not fully understood. In previous studies, it has been proven that ferroprotein levels are high in SCZ. It has also been shown that this inflammatory response may modify fibromodulin. Accumulating evidence indicates a strong link between metabolism and ferroptosis. Therefore, the present study aims to identify ferroptosis-linked hub genes to further investigate the role that ferroptosis plays in the development of SCZ. Material and methods From the GEO database, four microarray data sets on SCZ (GSE53987, GSE38481, GSE18312, and GSE38484) and ferroptosis-linked genes were extracted. Using the prefrontal cortex expression matrix of SCZ patients and healthy individuals as the control group from GSE53987, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to discover SCZ-linked module genes. From the feed, genes associated with ferroptosis were retrieved. The intersection of the module and ferroptosis-linked genes was done to obtain the hub genes. Then, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were conducted. The SCZ diagnostic model was established using logistic regression, and the GSE38481, GSE18312, and GSE38484 data sets were used to validate the model. Finally, hub genes linked to immune infiltration were examined. Results A total of 13 SCZ module genes and 7 hub genes linked to ferroptosis were obtained: DECR1, GJA1, EFN2L2, PSAT1, SLC7A11, SOX2, and YAP1. The GO/KEGG/GSEA study indicated that these hub genes were predominantly enriched in mitochondria and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, immunological inflammation, ferroptosis, Hippo signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, and other associated biological processes. The diagnostic model created using these hub genes was further confirmed using the data sets of three blood samples from patients with SCZ. The immune infiltration data showed that immune cell dysfunction enhanced ferroptosis and triggered SCZ. Conclusion In this study, seven critical genes that are strongly associated with ferroptosis in patients with SCZ were discovered, a valid clinical diagnostic model was built, and a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of SCZ was identified by the investigation of immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Yiliang County
| | - Yongmei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Yuxi, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Sleep Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Lincang Psychiatric Hospital, Lincang, Yunnan 677000, China
| | - Tianlan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lincang Psychiatric Hospital, Lincang, Yunnan 677000, China
| | - Guangya Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lincang Psychiatric Hospital, Lincang, Yunnan 677000, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
- Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
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de Freitas MBL, Luna LP, Beatriz M, Pinto RK, Alves CHL, Bittencourt L, Nardi AE, Oertel V, Veras AB, de Lucena DF, Alves GS. Resting-state fMRI is associated with trauma experiences, mood and psychosis in Afro-descendants with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111766. [PMID: 38408419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) may exhibit functional abnormalities in several brain areas, including the medial temporal and prefrontal cortex and hippocampus; however, a less explored topic is how brain connectivity is linked to premorbid trauma experiences and clinical features in non-Caucasian samples of SCZ and BD. METHODS Sixty-two individuals with SCZ (n = 20), BD (n = 21), and healthy controls (HC, n = 21) from indigenous and African ethnicity were submitted to clinical screening (Di-PAD), traumata experiences (ETISR-SF), cognitive and functional MRI assessment. The item psychosis/hallucinations in SCZ patients showed a negative correlation with the global efficiency (GE) in the right dorsal attention network. The items mania, irritable mood, and racing thoughts in the Di-PAD scale had a significant negative correlation with the GE in the parietal right default mode network. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the activation of specific networks were associated with earlier disease onset, history of physical abuse, and more severe psychotic and mood symptoms in SCZ and BD subjects of indigenous and black ethnicity. Findings provide further evidence on SZ and BD's brain connectivity disturbances, and their clinical significance, in non-Caucasian samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Licia P Luna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Márcia Beatriz
- Neuroradiology Service, São Domingos Hospital, São Luís, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Candida H Lopes Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Lays Bittencourt
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Nina Rodrigues Hospital, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Antônio E Nardi
- Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt Goethe University, Germany
| | - André B Veras
- Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Sousa Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Service, Nina Rodrigues Hospital, São Luís, Brazil; Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Zhu ZH, Yin XY, Cai Y, Jia NN, Wang PJ, Qi Q, Hou WL, Man LJ, Hui L. Association between the HHEX polymorphism and delayed memory in first-episode schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100304. [PMID: 38444400 PMCID: PMC10912683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The hematopoietically-expressed homeobox gene (HHEX) played a critical role in regulating the immune system that the abnormality of which was involved in the psychopathology and cognitive deficits of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism on the susceptibility and cognitive deficits of first-episode schizophrenic patients (FSP). We assessed cognitive function in 239 first-episode patients meeting DSM-IV for schizophrenia, and 368 healthy controls using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism was genotyped. Our results showed that the allelic and genotypic frequencies of HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism didn't differ between FSP and healthy controls (both p > 0.05) after adjusting for sex and age. Cognitive test scores in FSP were significantly lower than those in healthy controls on all scales (all p < 0.001) except for the visuospatial/constructional score (p > 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. There was a significant genotype (p < 0.05) rather than genotype × diagnosis (p > 0.05) effect on the delayed memory score after adjusting for covariates. The HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism was significantly associated with the delayed memory score in FSP (p < 0.05), but not in healthy controls (p > 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. Our findings supported that the HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility to FSP. However, this polymorphism might influence the delayed memory in FSP. Moreover, FSP had poorer cognitive function than healthy controls except for the visuospatial/constructional domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning Ning Jia
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Pei Jie Wang
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qi Qi
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wen Long Hou
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Li Juan Man
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Li Hui
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
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19
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Du J, Fang C, Li W, Lv M, Wu Y, Wang K, Wu T, Tian Y, Zhang J. Modulation of hemispheric asymmetry in executive control of attention in schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotic treatment: Potential benefits of olanzapine. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100306. [PMID: 38469136 PMCID: PMC10926294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Deficits in executive control of attention have been reported in schizophrenia patients, but can be ameliorated by treatment of atypical antipsychotics along with the symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether this effect is related to a modulation of hemispheric asymmetry in executive control by the medicine. In this behavioral study, we employed a lateralized version of the attention network test to examine the hemispheric asymmetry of executive control in schizophrenia patients before and after olanzapine treatment, compared to matched healthy controls. Executive control was measured as a conflict effect, indexed as the response time (RT) difference between incongruent versus congruent flanker conditions, and was compared between stimuli presented in the left and the right visual field (i.e., processed by right versus left hemisphere of the brain). Results showed that pre-treatment schizophrenia patients revealed a right hemisphere superiority in conflict effect (i.e., a smaller effect in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere), driven by the incongruent condition. Olanzapine treatment reduced this right hemisphere superiority by improving the efficiency of the left hemisphere in the incongruent condition. These results suggested that olanzapine treatment may improve the efficiency of executive control in the left hemisphere in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Anqing, Anqing 246000, Anhui, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanlong Fang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Anqing, Anqing 246000, Anhui, China
| | - Wansheng Li
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Anqing, Anqing 246000, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyu Lv
- Beijing Key Lab of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
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20
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Kaloğlu HA, Nazlı ŞB. Evaluation of the Relationship between Disability and Disease Severity, Cognitive Functions, and Insight in Patients with Schizophrenia. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2024; 22:333-344. [PMID: 38627080 PMCID: PMC11024695 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective : This study aims to examine the clinical characteristics, cognitive functions, and levels of insight, which are thought to be related to disability in schizophrenia patients, and to determine which variable will guide the clinician to predict the disability. Methods : Participants were 102 individuals with schizophrenia aged 18-60. All participants completed the social functioning scale and the Beck cognitive insight scale. To determine the severity of disability, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) scale was conducted. Positive and negative syndrome scale, Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia, trail making tests and Stroop test were performed. Results : The regression analysis indicated that high income, increased education level, and fewer hospitalization variables had significant negative effects (p < 0.05) on the WHODAS overall score, explaining 20.8% of the variance. The duration of trail-making test form A, PANSS total score, and Stroop 3 duration variables had significant positive effects (p < 0.05) on the WHODAS score, explaining 49.3% of the total variance. Increased levels of education, higher income, and higher cognitive insight were found to be associated with less disability. Increased severity of disease and some deterioration in the mental field were found to be related to high disability. Conclusion : In this research, the predictors of disability in individuals with schizophrenia, level of education, and income are among the predictors of disability, and disease severity seems to be more related to the impairment of cognitive functions. Interventions and treatments that support the psychosocial functionality should be planned rather than symptom-oriented treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Şerif Bora Nazlı
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Mishra A, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Srinivasan A. Augmentation Strategies for Partial or Non-responders to Clozapine in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2024; 22:232-252. [PMID: 38627071 PMCID: PMC11024692 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine is the only approved drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but the response to the drug is often inadequate. Augmentation with other antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants is recommended for such patients, but there is a lack of evidence regarding the most effective therapy. This network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological agents used in the augmentation strategies in patients who were partial/ non-responders to clozapine. Relevant data were extracted from 30 randomized controlled trials through searches of electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, clinical trial registries). PRISMA guidelines were followed for the extraction, management, analysis, and reporting of the data. The outcome measure in this study was a reduction in symptom severity according to total PANSS/BPRS and was reported as the standardized mean difference with a 95% credible interval. Bayesian network meta-analysis with random effects model and uninformative priors was conducted, and the ranking probability of each intervention was done. Meta-regression was done to assess the effect of duration on the reduction in symptom severity scores. Mirtazapine (-5.2 [95%CrI: -7.7, -2.7]) and memantine (-2.1 [95%CrI: -4.0, -0.19]] were more efficacious than placebo for augmentation of clozapine in partial/non-responders and were the most effective adjunctive agents as per SUCRA scores. Both drugs did not cause a significant increase in frequency of adverse events compared to placebo. There was a significant effect of duration on the reduction in symptom severity. There was no evident publication bias. Mirtazapine and memantine may prove beneficial for augmentation of clozapine in non/partial responders to monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rituparna Maiti
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Biswa Ranjan Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Anand Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
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22
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Lin P, Zhu G, Xu X, Wang Z, Li X, Li B. Brain network analysis of working memory in schizophrenia based on multi graph attention network. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148816. [PMID: 38387716 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by significant deficits in working memory task. In order to explore the brain changes of SZ during a working memory task, we performed time-domain and time-frequency analysis of event related potentials (ERP) of SZ during a 0-back task. The P3 wave amplitude was found to be significantly lower in SZ patients than in healthy controls (HC) (p < 0.05). The power in the θ and α bands was significantly enhanced in the SZ group 200 ms after stimulation, while the θ band was significantly enhanced and the β band was weakened in the HC group. Furthermore, phase lag index (PLI) based brain functional connectivity maps showed differences in the connections between parietal and frontotemporal lobes between SZ and HC (p < 0.05). Due to the natural similarity between brain networks and graph data, and the fact that graph attention network can aggregate the features of adjacent nodes, it has more advantages in learning the features of brain regions. We propose a multi graph attention network model combined with adaptive initial residual (AIR) for SZ classification, which achieves an accuracy of 90.90 % and 78.57 % on an open dataset (Zenodo) and our 0-back dataset, respectively. Overall, the proposed methodology offers promising potential for understanding the brain functional connections of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; College of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Geng Zhu
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; College of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; College of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200093, China.
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23
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Uher R, Pavlova B, Najafi S, Adepalli N, Ross B, Howes Vallis E, Freeman K, Parker R, Propper L, Palaniyappan L. Antecedents of major depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105625. [PMID: 38494121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorders are preceded by earlier manifestations in behaviours and experiences. We present a synthesis of evidence on associations between person-level antecedents (behaviour, performance, psychopathology) in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and later onsets of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or psychotic disorder based on prospective studies published up to September 16, 2022. We screened 11,342 records, identified 460 eligible publications, and extracted 570 risk ratios quantifying the relationships between 52 antecedents and onsets in 198 unique samples with prospective follow-up of 122,766 individuals from a mean age of 12.4 to a mean age of 24.8 for 1522,426 person years of follow-up. We completed meta-analyses of 12 antecedents with adequate data. Psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety, disruptive behaviors, affective lability, and sleep problems were transdiagnostic antecedents associated with onsets of depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity and hypomanic symptoms specifically predicted bipolar disorder. While transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific antecedents inform targeted prevention and help understand pathogenic mechanisms, extensive gaps in evidence indicate potential for improving early risk identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sara Najafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nitya Adepalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Briana Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emily Howes Vallis
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kathryn Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin Parker
- WK Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lukas Propper
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
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24
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Liu Y, Jin X. Fatty acid desaturase 1/2 (FADS1 and FADS2), fatty acid desaturase indices, and their relationships with metabolic syndrome in female adults with first-episode schizophrenia after antipsychotic medications. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106985. [PMID: 38394918 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although antipsychotics constitute the best treatment for patients with schizophrenia, this treatment class carries a high risk of metabolic disarrangements thus developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). Altered fatty acid (FA) composition and desaturase indices have been associated with several metabolic diseases, including MetS. Herein, we determined fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and FADS2 gene expressions, serum delta-5 desaturase (D5D) and D6D indices in female adults with first-episode schizophrenia after olanzapine medication, as well as their relationship with the incidence of MetS. METHODS This study prospectively recruited 120 female patients with first-episode schizophrenia who completed 6-month olanzapine medication. Among these female patients, 31 patients developed MetS and 89 patients did not. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of FADS1 and FADS2 in patients were analyzed according to the presence of MetS and evaluation times with results of two-way ANOVAs (FADS1: PMetS = 0.0006, Ptime = 0.004, Pinteraction = 0.010; FADS2: PMetS = 0.012, Ptime < 0.0001, Pinteraction = 0.001). The D5D and D6D indices in patients were analyzed according to the presence of MetS and evaluation times with results of two-way ANOVAs (D5D: PMetS = 0.002, Ptime = 0.009, Pinteraction = 0.014; D6D: PMetS = 0.011, Ptime = 0.006, Pinteraction = 0.0001). The SCD-16 and SCD-18 indices in patients were analyzed according to the presence of MetS and evaluation times (SCD-16: PMetS = 0.005, Ptime = 0.009, Pinteraction = 0.016; SCD-18: PMetS = 0.037, Ptime = 0.382, Pinteraction = 0.163). The following multiple comparisons test showed the MetS exhibited reduced FADS1 mRNA expression and D5D index, increased FADS2 mRNA expression and D6D index, concomitant with an enhanced SCD-16 index, compared to the non-MetS did not after 6-month olanzapine medication. CONCLUSION The study suggests changes of FADS1, FADS2 expressions, and fatty acid desaturase indices including D5D, D6D, and SCD-16 may be associated with the development of MetS in female adults with first-episode schizophrenia after olanzapine medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Pharmacy Department, the Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou City, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiaozhuang Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, the Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou City, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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25
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Debs SR, Conn I, Navaneethan B, Penklis AG, Meyer U, Killcross S, Weickert CS, Purves-Tyson TD. Maternal immune activation and estrogen receptor modulation induce sex-specific dopamine-related behavioural and molecular alterations in adult rat offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:236-251. [PMID: 38431238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine dysregulation contributes to psychosis and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia that can be modelled in rodents by inducing maternal immune activation (MIA). The selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, raloxifene, can improve psychosis and cognition in men and women with schizophrenia. However, few studies have examined how raloxifene may exert its therapeutic effects in mammalian brain in both sexes during young adulthood (age relevant to most prevalent age at diagnosis). Here, we tested the extent to which raloxifene alters dopamine-related behaviours and brain transcripts in young adult rats, both control and MIA-exposed females and males. We found that raloxifene increased amphetamine (AMPH)-induced locomotor activity in female controls, and in contrast, raloxifene reduced AMPH-induced locomotor activity in male MIA offspring. We did not detect overt prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in female or male MIA offspring, yet raloxifene enhanced PPI in male MIA offspring. Whereas, raloxifene ameliorated increased startle responsivity in female MIA offspring. In the substantia nigra (SN), we found reduced Drd2s mRNA in raloxifene-treated female offspring with or without MIA, and increased Comt mRNA in placebo-treated male MIA offspring relative to placebo-treated controls. These data demonstrate an underlying dopamine dysregulation in MIA animals that can become more apparent with raloxifene treatment, and may involve selective alterations in dopamine receptor levels and dopamine breakdown processes in the SN. Our findings support sex-specific, differential behavioural responses to ER modulation in MIA compared to control offspring, with beneficial effects of raloxifene treatment on dopamine-related behaviours relevant to schizophrenia found in male MIA offspring only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R Debs
- Preclinical Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Illya Conn
- Preclinical Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan Navaneethan
- Preclinical Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andriane G Penklis
- Preclinical Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland; Switzerland Neuroscience Centre Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Killcross
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Tertia D Purves-Tyson
- Preclinical Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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26
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Mitteroecker P, Merola GP. The cliff edge model of the evolution of schizophrenia: Mathematical, epidemiological, and genetic evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105636. [PMID: 38522813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
How has schizophrenia, a condition that significantly reduces an individual's evolutionary fitness, remained common across generations and cultures? Numerous theories about the evolution of schizophrenia have been proposed, most of which are not consistent with modern epidemiological and genetic evidence. Here, we briefly review this evidence and explore the cliff edge model of schizophrenia. It suggests that schizophrenia is the extreme manifestation of a polygenic trait or a combination of traits that, within a normal range of variation, confer cognitive, linguistic, and/or social advantages. Only beyond a certain threshold, these traits precipitate the onset of schizophrenia and reduce fitness. We provide the first mathematical model of this qualitative concept and show that it requires only very weak positive selection of the underlying trait(s) to explain today's schizophrenia prevalence. This prediction, along with expectations about the effect size of schizophrenia risk alleles, are surprisingly well matched by empirical evidence. The cliff edge model predicts a dynamic change of selection of risk alleles, which explains the contradictory findings of evolutionary genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mitteroecker
- Unit for Theoretical Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna, Austria; Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstrasse 12, Klosterneuburg, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Papazova I, Wunderlich S, Papazov B, Vogelmann U, Keeser D, Karali T, Falkai P, Rospleszcz S, Maurus I, Schmitt A, Hasan A, Malchow B, Stöcklein S. Characterizing cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia using cortical curvature. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:131-138. [PMID: 38531143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core symptom of schizophrenia, but research on their neural underpinnings has been challenged by the heterogeneity in deficits' severity among patients. Here, we address this issue by combining logistic regression and random forest to classify two neuropsychological profiles of patients with high (HighCog) and low (LowCog) cognitive performance in two independent samples. We based our analysis on the cortical features grey matter volume (VOL), cortical thickness (CT), and mean curvature (MC) of N = 57 patients (discovery sample) and validated the classification in an independent sample (N = 52). We investigated which cortical feature would yield the best classification results and expected that the 10 most important features would include frontal and temporal brain regions. The model based on MC had the best performance with area under the curve (AUC) values of 76% and 73%, and identified fronto-temporal and occipital brain regions as the most important features for the classification. Moreover, subsequent comparison analyses could reveal significant differences in MC of single brain regions between the two cognitive profiles. The present study suggests MC as a promising neuroanatomical parameter for characterizing schizophrenia cognitive subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Papazova
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Geschwister-Schönert-Straße 1, 86156, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site München, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Wunderlich
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Vogelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Temmuz Karali
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Rospleszcz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Geschwister-Schönert-Straße 1, 86156, Augsburg, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Vajagathali M, Ramakrishnan V. Genetic predisposition of BDNF (rs6265) gene is susceptible to Schizophrenia: A prospective study and updated meta-analysis. Neurologia 2024; 39:361-371. [PMID: 38616064 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic polymorphism in the BDNF gene has been found to cause neuronal alterations and has been identified as a causal factor for many neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, various neurological case-control studies and meta-analyses have been conducted to find the possible link between BDNF and susceptibility to schizophrenia. METHOD This meta-analysis gathered data from 25 case-control studies including a total of 8384 patients with schizophrenia and 8821 controls in order to identify the relationship between the rs6265 single nucleotide polymorphism and the disease, evaluating the combined odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals under 5 different genetic models. Validation followed the "Leave one out" method, and we used the Egger test and Begg's funnel plot to identify publication bias. RESULTS Research into the rs6265 (G/A) polymorphism revealed a non-significant association with schizophrenia in all 5 genetic models; in the subgroup analysis, no association was found between white and Asian populations, with a p value>.05. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the updated meta-analysis revealed that rs6265 exonic polymorphisms do not increase susceptibility to this disease. However, to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease, there is a need for further case-control studies into the BDNF polymorphism including larger sample sizes and different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vajagathali
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Ramakrishnan
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamilnadu, India.
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29
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Sarpal DK, Cole ES, Gannon JM, Li J, Adair DK, Chengappa KNR, Donohue JM. Variation of Clozapine Use for Treatment of Schizophrenia: Evidence from Pennsylvania Medicaid and Dually Eligible Enrollees. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:743-753. [PMID: 38294579 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
While clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it remains underutilized across the United States, warranting a more comprehensive understanding of variation in use at the county level, as well as characterization of existing prescribing patterns. Here, we examined both Medicaid and Medicare databases to (1) characterize temporal and geographic variation in clozapine prescribing and, (2) identify patient-level characteristics associated with clozapine use. We included Medicaid and Fee for Service Medicare data in the state of Pennsylvania from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2019. We focused on individuals with continuous enrollment, schizophrenia diagnosis, and multiple antipsychotic trials. Geographic variation was examined across counties of Pennsylvania. Regression models were constructed to determine demographic and clinical characteristics associated with clozapine use. Out of 8,255 individuals who may benefit from clozapine, 642 received treatment. We observed high medication burden, overall, including multiple antipsychotic trials. We also identified variation in clozapine use across regions in Pennsylvania with a disproportionate number of prescribers in urban areas and several counties with no identified clozapine prescribers. Finally, demographic, and clinical determinants of clozapine use were observed including less use in people identified as non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or with a substance use disorder. In addition, greater medical comorbidity was associated with increased clozapine use. Our work leveraged both Medicaid and Medicare data to characterize and surveil clozapine prescribing. Our findings support efforts monitor disparities and opportunities for the optimization of clozapine within municipalities to enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Evan S Cole
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica M Gannon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dale K Adair
- Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Pennsylvania Department of Human Services, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - K N Roy Chengappa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie M Donohue
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Speranza L, Molinari M, Volpicelli F, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Pulcrano S, Carlo Bellenchi G, Perrone Capano C, Crispino M. Modulation of neuronal morphology by antipsychotic drug: Involvement of serotonin receptor 7. Brain Res 2024; 1830:148815. [PMID: 38387714 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are the primary pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia, a complex disorder characterized by altered neuronal connectivity. Atypical or second-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperidone (RSP) and Clozapine (CZP) predominantly block dopaminergic D2 and serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A) neurotransmission. Both compounds also exhibit affinity for the 5-HT7R, with RSP acting as an antagonist and CZP as an inverse agonist. Our study aimed to determine whether RSP and CZP can influence neuronal morphology through a 5-HT7R-mediated mechanism. Here, we demonstrated that CZP promotes neurite outgrowth of early postnatal cortical neurons, and the 5-HT7R mediates its effect. Conversely, RSP leads to a reduction of neurite length of early postnatal cortical neurons, in a 5-HT7R-independent way. Furthermore, we found that the effects of CZP, mediated by 5-HT7R activation, require the participation of ERK and Cdk5 kinase pathways. At the same time, the modulation of neurite length by RSP does not involve these pathways. In conclusion, our findings provide valuable insights into the morphological changes induced by these two APDs in neurons and elucidate some of the associated molecular pathways. Investigating the 5-HT7R-dependent signaling pathways underlying the neuronal morphogenic effects of APDs may contribute to the identification of novel targets for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Speranza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Molinari
- Telethon Institute of Genetics & Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Volpicelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pulcrano
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Bellenchi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Patel HP, Desai PH, Patel RV, Lodha SN, Gore AH, Patil PO, Desai BV, Desai DT, Vyas BA, Willcox MDP, Maulvi FA. Clozapine-laden carbon dots delivered to the brain via an intranasal pathway: Synthesis, characterization, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113862. [PMID: 38518556 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine, which is widely used to treat schizophrenia, shows low bioavailability due to poor solubility and high first-pass metabolism. The study aimed to design clozapine-loaded carbon dots (CDs) to enhance availability of the clozapine to the brain via intranasal pathway. The CDs were synthesized by pyrolysis of citric acid and urea at 200 °C by hydrothermal technique and characterized by photoluminescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The optimized clozapine-loaded CDs (CLZ-CDs-1:3-200) showed a quasi-spherical shape (9-12 nm) with stable blue fluorescence. The CDs showed high drug solubilization capacity (1.5 mg drug in 1 mg/ml CDs) with strong electrostatic interaction with clozapine (drug loading efficiency = 94.74%). The ex vivo release study performed using nasal goat mucosa showed sustained release of clozapine (43.89%) from CLZ-CDs-1:3-200 for 30 h. The ciliotoxicity study (histopathology) confirmed no toxicity to the nasal mucosal tissues using CDs. In the rat model (in vivo pharmacokinetic study), when CDs were administrated by the intranasal route, a significantly higher concentration of clozapine in the brain tissue (Cmax = 58.07 ± 5.36 μg/g and AUCt (µg/h*g) = 105.76 ± 12.31) was noted within a short time (tmax = 1 h) compared to clozapine suspension administered by intravenous route (Cmax = 20.99 ± 3.91 μg/g, AUC t (µg/h*g) = 56.89 ± 12.31, and tmax = 4 h). The high value of drug targeting efficiency (DTE, 486%) index and direct transport percentage (DTP, 58%) indicates the direct entry of clozapine-CDs in the brain via the olfactory route. In conclusion, designed CDs demonstrated a promising dosage form for targeted nose-to-brain delivery of clozapine for the effective treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal P Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India.
| | - Priya H Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | | | - Sandesh N Lodha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Anil H Gore
- Tarsadia Institute of Chemical Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Surat 394350, India
| | - Pravin O Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, India
| | - Bhargavi V Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Ditixa T Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Bhavin A Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Furqan A Maulvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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32
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Shi H, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Li W, Zhong Z, Lv L. Serum S100B protein and white matter changes in schizophrenia before and after medication. Brain Res Bull 2024; 210:110927. [PMID: 38485004 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients have abnormalities in white matter (WM) integrity in brain regions. S100B has been shown to be a marker protein for glial cells. The atypical antipsychotics have neuroprotective effects on the brain. It is not clear whether antipsychotics can induce S100B changes and improve symptoms by protecting oligodendrocytes. To investigate WM and S100B changes and associations and determine the effect of quetiapine on WM and S100B in schizophrenia patients, we determined serum S100B levels with solid phase immunochromatography and fractional anisotropy(FA)values of 36 patients and 40 healthy controls. Patients exhibited significantly higher serum concentrations of S100B and decreased FA values in left postcentral,right superior frontal,right thalamus, and left inferior occipital gyrus, while higher in right temporal cortex WM compared with healthy controls. Following treatment with quetiapine, patients had decreased S100B and higher FA values in right cerebellum,right superior frontal,right thalamus, and left parietal cortex,and decreased FA values in right temporal cortex WM compared with pre-treatment values. Furthermore, S100B were negatively correlated with PANSS positive scores and positively correlated with FA values in the left postcentral cortex. In addition,the percentage change in FA values in the right temporal cortex was positively correlated with the percentage change in the S100B, percentage reduction in PANSS scores, and percentage reduction in PANSS-positive scores. Our findings demonstrated abnormalities in S100B and WM microstructure in patients with schizophrenia. These abnormalities may be partly reversed by quetiapine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhaoxi Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China.
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33
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Penadés R, Almodóvar-Payá C, García-Rizo C, Ruíz V, Catalán R, Valero S, Wykes T, Fatjó-Vilas M, Arias B. Changes in BDNF methylation patterns after cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia: A randomized and controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:166-174. [PMID: 38537483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Although cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) produces cognitive benefits in schizophrenia, we do not yet understand whether molecular changes are associated with this cognitive improvement. A gene central to synaptic plasticity, the BDNF, has been proposed as one potential route. This study assesses whether BDNF methylation changes following CRT-produced cognitive improvement are detected. A randomized and controlled trial was performed with two groups (CRT, n = 40; TAU: Treatment as Usual, n = 20) on a sample of participants with schizophrenia. CRT was delivered by trained therapists using a web-based computerized program. Mixed Models, where the interaction of treatment (CRT, TAU) by time (T0: 0 weeks, T1: 16 weeks) was the main effect were used. Then, we tested the association between the treatment and methylation changes in three CpG islands of the BDNF gene. CRT group showed significant improvements in some cognitive domains. Between-groups differential changes in 5 CpG units over time were found, 4 in island 1 (CpG1.2, CpG1.7, CpG1.10, CpG1.17) and 1 in island 3 (CpG3.2). CRT group showed increases in methylation in CpG1.2, CpG1.7 and decreases in pG1.10, CpG1.17, and CpG3.2. Differences in the degree of methylation were associated with changes in Speed of Processing, Working Memory, and Verbal Learning within the CRT group. Those findings provide new data on the relationship between cognitive improvement and changes in peripheral methylation levels of BDNF gene, a key factor involved in neuroplasticity regulation. Trial Registration: NCT04278027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Penadés
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Almodóvar-Payá
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clemente García-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Ruíz
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Catalán
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Til Wykes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Arias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
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Rahmati M, Lee S, Yon DK, Lee SW, Udeh R, McEvoy M, Oh H, Butler L, Keyes H, Barnett Y, Koyanagi A, Shin JI, Smith L. Physical activity and prevention of mental health complications: An umbrella review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105641. [PMID: 38527637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The potential of physical activity in preventing mental health issues has garnered interest among health professionals. We conducted a systematic umbrella review of evidence supporting the relationship between physical activity and the prevention of mental health complications. Our findings revealed a significant association between higher physical activity levels and reduced risk of depression (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.72 - 0.82). This association was consistent across various age groups, sex, and geographical regions. Interestingly, low and moderate-intensity physical activity showed the most significant protective effects against depression (low-intensity: OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75-0.56; moderate-intensity: OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72-0.87). Our analysis also showed significant associations between higher physical activity levels and prevention of anxiety disorders (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61-0.82). However, the evidence regarding the association between physical activity and psychosis/schizophrenia risk was less clear. These findings underscore the physical activity's potential as a preventative measure against mental health complications, highlighting the importance of promoting physical activity in mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - San Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and the Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Raphael Udeh
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; La Trobe Rural Health School, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurie Butler
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Keyes
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Underwood Meta-Research Center, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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35
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Gallego JA, McNamara RK, Blanco EA, Castaneda S, Jimenez LD, Alvarez-Lesmes S, Lencz T, Malhotra AK. Evidence for cytokine dysregulation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A comparison of cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115871. [PMID: 38547600 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Abnormalities in immune function have been described in schizophrenia but few studies have investigated cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their correlation with blood levels. In this cross-sectional study, cytokines were measured in CSF and plasma of 30 subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) diagnosis and 23 healthy volunteers (HV). Results showed that CSF TNFα was increased in SSD subjects compared to HV and there were no correlations between CSF and plasma cytokine levels. The present findings provide evidence of dysregulation of TNFα in CSF of schizophrenia. These results identify elevated CSF TNFα levels as a potential biomarker in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Gallego
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Laura D Jimenez
- Fundacion Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, FUCS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Todd Lencz
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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36
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Feng S, Huang Y, Lu H, Li H, Zhou S, Lu H, Feng Y, Ning Y, Han W, Chang Q, Zhang Z, Liu C, Li J, Wu K, Wu F. Association between degree centrality and neurocognitive impairments in patients with Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal rs-fMRI Study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:115-123. [PMID: 38520845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates that patients with schizophrenia (SZ) experience significant changes in their functional connectivity during antipsychotic treatment. Despite previous reports of changes in brain network degree centrality (DC) in patients with schizophrenia, the relationship between brain DC changes and neurocognitive improvement in patients with SZ after antipsychotic treatment remains elusive. METHODS A total of 74 patients with acute episodes of chronic SZ and 53 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Symbol Digit Modalities Test, digital span test (DST), and verbal fluency test were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms and cognitive performance of the patients with SZ. Patients with SZ were treated with antipsychotics for six weeks starting at baseline and underwent MRI and clinical interviews at baseline and after six weeks, respectively. We then divided the patients with SZ into responding (RS) and non-responding (NRS) groups based on the PANSS scores (reduction rate of PANSS ≥50%). DC was calculated and analyzed to determine its correlation with clinical symptoms and cognitive performance. RESULTS After antipsychotic treatment, the patients with SZ showed significant improvements in clinical symptoms, semantic fluency performance. Correlation analysis revealed that the degree of DC increase in the left anterior inferior parietal lobe (aIPL) after treatment was negatively correlated with changes in the excitement score (r = -0.256, p = 0.048, adjusted p = 0.080), but this correlation failed the multiple test correction. Patients with SZ showed a significant negative correlation between DC values in the left aIPL and DST scores after treatment, which was not observed at the baseline (r = -0.359, p = 0.005, adjusted p = 0.047). In addition, we did not find a significant difference in DC between the RS and NRS groups, neither at baseline nor after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that DC changes in patients with SZ after antipsychotic treatment are correlated with neurocognitive performance. Our findings provide new insights into the neuropathological mechanisms underlying antipsychotic treatment of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Longyan Third Hospital of Fujian Province, Longyan, China
| | - Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sumiao Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanna Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yangdong Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Application, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China.
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Biswas T, Mishra BR, Maiti R, Padhy SK, Mishra A. Efficacy and safety of low-dose amisulpride versus olanzapine-fluoxetine combination in post-schizophrenic depression: A randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:302-308. [PMID: 38560960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Post-schizophrenic depression (PSD) increases the morbidity, mortality, and health burden in patients with schizophrenia. However, treatment of PSD is challenging due to the lack of substantial evidence of standard clinical practice. This study was aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of low-dose amisulpride versus olanzapine-fluoxetine combination (OFC) in PSD. This was a randomized controlled trial conducted in sixty patients with PSD fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Recruited patients were randomized to receive either amisulpride at low dose (i.e., 100-300 mg/day) or OFC (5/10 mg + 20 mg) for eight weeks. The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and serum BDNF levels were assessed at baseline and after eight weeks of treatment. The change in the CDSS scores from baseline over eight weeks was significant in both the amisulpride and OFC groups. However, the changes were not significant when compared between the groups. Similarly, the changes in CGI-S scores and serum BDNF levels were significant in each group; but non-significant between the groups. A significant negative correlation was found between the changes in the CDSS scores and the serum BDNF levels in each group. No significant adverse events were noted in either group. Thus, to conclude, low-dose amisulpride can be a potential monotherapy in PSD with a favourable clinical outcome and safety profile (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04876521).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Biswas
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Biswa Ranjan Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rituparna Maiti
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Padhy
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Archana Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Ma Z, Ma Z. Relationship between stable smoking behavior and cognitive function in male schizophrenia patients. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:296-301. [PMID: 38555677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between stable smoking behavior and cognitive function in male schizophrenia patients. METHODS A simple random sampling method is applied to select 120 patients with schizophrenia admitted to a hospital from August 2020 to December 2022 as the subjects. They are divided into two groups based on whether they smoked or not. Their cognitive function is evaluated using the Stroop test (SWCT), continuous task test (CPT), and Chinese version of the Schizophrenic Cognitive Function Battery Test (MCCB). The Spearman correlation analysis is applied to verify the correlation between smoking behavior and SWCT, CPT, and MCCB in patients. Additionally, the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale (FTND) is used to evaluate the nicotine dependence degree in smoking group patients. Pearson correlation analysis verifies the correlation between nicotine dependence and SWCT, CPT, MCCB in smoking group patients. RESULTS Among 120 patients include in this study, 3 have symptoms during the trial period, and 1 patient has an error in filling out the questionnaire, all of which are excluded. Finally, 116 valid documents are collected, with an effective recovery rate of 96.67%. According to the SWCT test results, the number of single word errors, single word time, double word errors, and double word time in the smoking group exceed the non-smoking group (P < 0.05). According to the CPT test results, the number of correct reactions in the smoking group is below the non-smoking group. The correct average reaction time, error rate of interference items, and error rate of ineffective items exceed the non-smoking group (P < 0.05). According to the MCCB test results, the scores of connectivity, visual spatial memory, and continuous operation test in the smoking group are below the non-smoking group (P < 0.05). The Spearman correlation analysis results show that stable smoking behavior in male schizophrenia patients is positively correlated with the number of single word errors, double word errors, double word time, correct mean reaction time, interference item error rate, and invalid item error rate (r = 0.216-0.524, P < 0.05). It is also positively correlated with the number of correct reactions, immediate memory, language function, delayed memory, MCCB connectivity, visual spatial memory, and continuous operation (r = -0.212-0.356, P < 0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis results show that the nicotine dependence degree in stable male schizophrenia patients is negatively correlated with monochromatic error count, immediate memory, visual span, attention, and MCCB scores (r = -0.321-0.930, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Smoking in male schizophrenic patients may have impacts on their cognitive function. This impact worsens as the patient's nicotine dependence increases, especially on their memory function. Effective measures should be taken in clinical practice to correct patients' smoking behavior, reduce their nicotine dependence, and improve their cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzi Ma
- Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Zhongnv Ma
- Functional Laboratory, Basic Medicine College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Vessels T, Strayer N, Lee H, Choi KW, Zhang S, Han L, Morley TJ, Smoller JW, Xu Y, Ruderfer DM. Integrating Electronic Health Records and Polygenic Risk to Identify Genetically Unrelated Comorbidities of Schizophrenia That May Be Modifiable. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2024; 4:100297. [PMID: 38645405 PMCID: PMC11033077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with schizophrenia have substantial comorbidity that contributes to reduced life expectancy of 10 to 20 years. Identifying modifiable comorbidities could improve rates of premature mortality. Conditions that frequently co-occur but lack shared genetic risk with schizophrenia are more likely to be products of treatment, behavior, or environmental factors and therefore are enriched for potentially modifiable associations. Methods Phenome-wide comorbidity was calculated from electronic health records of 250,000 patients across 2 independent health care institutions (Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Mass General Brigham); associations with schizophrenia polygenic risk scores were calculated across the same phenotypes in linked biobanks. Results Schizophrenia comorbidity was significantly correlated across institutions (r = 0.85), and the 77 identified comorbidities were consistent with prior literature. Overall, comorbidity and polygenic risk score associations were significantly correlated (r = 0.55, p = 1.29 × 10-118). However, directly testing for the absence of genetic effects identified 36 comorbidities that had significantly equivalent schizophrenia polygenic risk score distributions between cases and controls. This set included phenotypes known to be consequences of antipsychotic medications (e.g., movement disorders) or of the disease such as reduced hygiene (e.g., diseases of the nail), thereby validating the approach. It also highlighted phenotypes with less clear causal relationships and minimal genetic effects such as tobacco use disorder and diabetes. Conclusions This work demonstrates the consistency and robustness of electronic health record-based schizophrenia comorbidities across independent institutions and with the existing literature. It identifies known and novel comorbidities with an absence of shared genetic risk, indicating other causes that may be modifiable and where further study of causal pathways could improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Vessels
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Digital Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nicholas Strayer
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hyunjoon Lee
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lide Han
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Digital Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Theodore J Morley
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Digital Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yaomin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Digital Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Leung PBM, Liu Z, Zhong Y, Tubbs JD, Di Forti M, Murray RM, So HC, Sham PC, Lui SSY. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study of differential white blood cell counts and schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:22-30. [PMID: 38355025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia and white blood cell counts (WBC) are both complex and polygenic traits. Previous evidence suggests that increased WBC are associated with higher all-cause mortality, and other studies have found elevated WBC in first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. However, these observational findings may be confounded by antipsychotic exposures and their effects on WBC. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a useful method for examining the directions of genetically-predicted relationships between schizophrenia and WBC. METHODS We performed a two-sample MR using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Schizophrenia Workgroup (N = 130,644) and the Blood Cell Consortium (N = 563,946). The MR methods included inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, MR-PRESSO, contamination mixture, and a novel approach called mixture model reciprocal causal inference (MRCI). False discovery rate was employed to correct for multiple testing. RESULTS Multiple MR methods supported bidirectional genetically-predicted relationships between lymphocyte count and schizophrenia: IVW (b = 0.026; FDR p-value = 0.008), MR Egger (b = 0.026; FDR p-value = 0.008), weighted median (b = 0.013; FDR p-value = 0.049), and MR-PRESSO (b = 0.014; FDR p-value = 0.010) in the forward direction, and IVW (OR = 1.100; FDR p-value = 0.021), MR Egger (OR = 1.231; FDR p-value < 0.001), weighted median (OR = 1.136; FDR p-value = 0.006) and MRCI (OR = 1.260; FDR p-value = 0.026) in the reverse direction. MR Egger (OR = 1.171; FDR p-value < 0.001) and MRCI (OR = 1.154; FDR p-value = 0.026) both suggested genetically-predicted eosinophil count is associated with schizophrenia, but MR Egger (b = 0.060; FDR p-value = 0.010) and contamination mixture (b = -0.013; FDR p-value = 0.045) gave ambiguous results on whether genetically predicted liability to schizophrenia would be associated with eosinophil count. MR Egger (b = 0.044; FDR p-value = 0.010) and MR-PRESSO (b = 0.009; FDR p-value = 0.045) supported genetically predicted liability to schizophrenia is associated with elevated monocyte count, and the opposite direction was also indicated by MR Egger (OR = 1.231; FDR p-value = 0.045). Lastly, unidirectional genetic liability from schizophrenia to neutrophil count were proposed by MR-PRESSO (b = 0.011; FDR p-value = 0.028) and contamination mixture (b = 0.011; FDR p-value = 0.045) method. CONCLUSION This MR study utilised multiple MR methods to obtain results suggesting bidirectional genetic genetically-predicted relationships for elevated lymphocyte counts and schizophrenia risk. In addition, moderate evidence also showed bidirectional genetically-predicted relationships between schizophrenia and monocyte counts, and unidirectional effect from genetic liability for eosinophil count to schizophrenia and from genetic liability for schizophrenia to neutrophil count. The influence of schizophrenia to eosinophil count is less certain. Our findings support the role of WBC in schizophrenia and concur with the hypothesis of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry B M Leung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zipeng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Justin D Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hon-Cheong So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Clifton NE, Lin JQ, Holt CE, O'Donovan MC, Mill J. Enrichment of the Local Synaptic Translatome for Genetic Risk Associated With Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:888-895. [PMID: 38103876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes that encode synaptic proteins or messenger RNA targets of the RNA-binding protein FMRP (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein) have been linked to schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through the enrichment of genetic variants that confer risk for these disorders. FMRP binds many transcripts with synaptic functions and is thought to regulate their local translation, a process that enables rapid and compartmentalized protein synthesis required for development and plasticity. METHODS We used summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia (74,776 cases, 101,023 controls) and ASD (18,381 cases, 27,969 controls) to test the hypothesis that the subset of synaptic genes that encode localized transcripts is more strongly associated with each disorder than nonlocalized transcripts. We also postulated that this subset of synaptic genes is responsible for associations attributed to FMRP targets. RESULTS Schizophrenia associations were enriched in genes encoding localized synaptic transcripts compared to the remaining synaptic genes or to the remaining localized transcripts; this also applied to ASD associations, although only for transcripts observed after stimulation by fear conditioning. The genetic associations with either disorder captured by these gene sets were independent of those derived from FMRP targets. Schizophrenia association was related to FMRP interactions with messenger RNAs in somata, but not in dendrites, while ASD association was related to FMRP binding in either compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that synaptic transcripts capable of local translation are particularly relevant to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and ASD, but they do not characterize the associations attributed to current sets of FMRP targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Clifton
- Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Julie Qiaojin Lin
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mill
- Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Cieślik P, Rafało-Ulińska A, Wierońska JM. Prevention of MK-801-induced amnestic effect with combined activation of 5-HT 1A and muscarinic receptors in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 238:173749. [PMID: 38462045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscarinic or 5-HT1A receptors are crucial in learning and memory processes, and their expression is evident in the brain areas involved in cognition. The administration of the activators of these receptors prevents the development of cognitive dysfunctions in animal models of schizophrenia induced by MK-801 (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) administration. GABAergic dysfunction is considered as one of the most important causes of MK-801-induced spatial learning deficits. METHODS Novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to study the anti-amnestic effect of the biased 5-HT1A receptor agonist (F15599) alone or in combinations with VU0357017 (M1 receptor allosteric agonist), VU0152100 (M4 receptor positive allosteric modulator), and VU0238429 (M5 receptor positive allosteric modulator) on MK-801-induced dysfunctions. The compounds were administered for 5 consecutive days. Animals tested with the MWM underwent 5-day training. Western blotting was used to study the expressions of 5-HT1A receptors and the level of GAD65 in the frontal cortices (FCs) and hippocampi of the animals. RESULTS F15599 prevented the amnestic effect induced by MK-801 in the MWM at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The co-administration of the compound with muscarinic receptors activators had no synergistic effect. The additive effect of the combinations was evident in the prevention of declarative memory dysfunctions investigated in NOR. The administration of MK-801 impaired 5-HT1A expression in the hippocampi and decreased GAD65 levels in both the FCs and hippocampi. The administration of muscarinic ligands prevented these MK-801-induced deficits only in the hippocampi of MWM-trained animals. No effects of the compounds were observed in untrained mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that F15599 prevents schizophrenia-related spatial learning deficits in the MWM; however, the activity of the compound is not intensified with muscarinic receptors activators. In contrast, the combined administration of the ligands is effective in the NOR model of declarative memory. The muscarinic receptors activators reversed MK-801-induced 5-HT1A and GAD65 dysfunctions in the hippocampi of MWM-trained mice, but not in untrained mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rafało-Ulińska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Sæther LS, Szabo A, Akkouh IA, Haatveit B, Mohn C, Vaskinn A, Aukrust P, Ormerod MBEG, Eiel Steen N, Melle I, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Ueland T, Ueland T. Cognitive and inflammatory heterogeneity in severe mental illness: Translating findings from blood to brain. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:287-299. [PMID: 38461955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent findings link cognitive impairment and inflammatory-immune dysregulation in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. However, heterogeneity and translation between the periphery and central (blood-to-brain) mechanisms remains a challenge. Starting with a large SZ, BD and healthy control cohort (n = 1235), we aimed to i) identify candidate peripheral markers (n = 25) associated with cognitive domains (n = 9) and elucidate heterogenous immune-cognitive patterns, ii) evaluate the regulation of candidate markers using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and neural progenitor cells (n = 10), and iii) evaluate candidate marker messenger RNA expression in leukocytes using microarray in available data from a subsample of the main cohort (n = 776), and in available RNA-sequencing deconvolution analysis of postmortem brain samples (n = 474) from the CommonMind Consortium (CMC). We identified transdiagnostic subgroups based on covariance between cognitive domains (measures of speed and verbal learning) and peripheral markers reflecting inflammatory response (CRP, sTNFR1, YKL-40), innate immune activation (MIF) and extracellular matrix remodelling (YKL-40, CatS). Of the candidate markers there was considerable variance in secretion of YKL-40 in iPSC-derived astrocytes and neural progenitor cells in SZ compared to HC. Further, we provide evidence of dysregulated RNA expression of genes encoding YKL-40 and related signalling pathways in a high neuroinflammatory subgroup in the postmortem brain samples. Our findings suggest a relationship between peripheral inflammatory-immune activity and cognitive impairment, and highlight YKL-40 as a potential marker of cognitive functioning in a subgroup of individuals with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Sofie Sæther
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Attila Szabo
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibrahim A Akkouh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital/University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Haatveit
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Mohn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica B E G Ormerod
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital/University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Kittleson AR, Woodward ND, Heckers S, Sheffield JM. The insula: Leveraging cellular and systems-level research to better understand its roles in health and schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105643. [PMID: 38531518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous disorder characterized by a multitude of complex and seemingly non-overlapping symptoms. The insular cortex has gained increasing attention in neuroscience and psychiatry due to its involvement in a diverse range of fundamental human experiences and behaviors. This review article provides an overview of the insula's cellular and anatomical organization, functional and structural connectivity, and functional significance. Focusing on specific insula subregions and using knowledge gained from humans and preclinical studies of insular tracings in non-human primates, we review the literature and discuss the functional roles of each subregion, including in somatosensation, interoception, salience processing, emotional processing, and social cognition. Building from this foundation, we then extend these findings to discuss reported abnormalities of these functions in individuals with schizophrenia, implicating insular involvement in schizophrenia pathology. This review underscores the insula's vast role in the human experience and how abnormal insula structure and function could result in the wide-ranging symptoms observed in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Kittleson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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Yan B, Liao P, Wang C, Han Z, Cheng F, Lei P. Genetic causal association between varicella-zoster virus infection and psychiatric disorders: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Behav Brain Res 2024; 464:114927. [PMID: 38428645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD) have a profound impact on millions of individuals worldwide. The critical step toward developing effective preventive and treatment strategies lies in comprehending the causal mechanisms behind these diseases and identifying modifiable risk factors associated with them. METHODS In this study, we conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the potential links between chickenpox(varicella-zoster virus infection) and three major psychiatric disorders(SCZ, MDD, BD). RESULTS In our MR study, among the three major psychiatric disorders, chickenpox was shown to be causally related to BD, indicating that infection with chickenpox may increase the risk of developing BD (IVW: OR = 1.064, 95% CI =1.025-1.104, P=0.001; RAPS: OR=1.066, 95% CI=1.024-1.110, P=0.002), while there was no causal relationship between SCZ and MDD. Similar estimated causal effects were observed consistently across the various MR models. The robustness of the identified causal relationship between chickenpox and BD holds true regardless of the statistical methods employed, as confirmed by extensive sensitivity analyses that address violations in model assumptions. The MR-Egger regression test failed to reveal any signs of directional pleiotropy (intercept = -0.042, standard error (SE) = 0.029, p = 0.236). Similarly, the MR-PRESSO analysis revealed no evidence of directional pleiotropy or outliers among the chickenpox-related instrumental variables (global test p = 0.653). Furthermore, a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results, further underscoring the credibility and stability of the causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide compelling evidence of a causal effect of chickenpox on the risk of BD. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of this association and its underlying mechanisms, additional research is needed. Such investigations are pivotal in identifying effective interventions for promoting BD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Liao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Conglin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoli Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
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Rangel SC, da Silva MD, Natrielli Filho DG, Santos SN, do Amaral JB, Victor JR, Silva KCN, Tuleta ID, França CN, Shio MT, Neves LM, Bachi ALL, da Silva Nali LH. HERV-W upregulation expression in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: unraveling potential links to systemic immune/inflammation status. Retrovirology 2024; 21:7. [PMID: 38644495 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are the two main mental disorders with unknown etiology that significantly impact individuals' quality of life. The potential pro-inflammatory role in their pathogenesis is postulated and Human Endogenous Retrovirus W (HERV-W) is an emerging candidate to modulate this pathogenic finding. HERVs, ancient retroviruses in the human genome, may play roles in inflammation and disease pathogenesis. Despite HERVs' involvement in autoimmune diseases, their influence on mental disorders remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of HERV-W-env expression and the systemic inflammatory profile through the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ cytokines in BD and SZ patients. RESULTS All participants showed HERV-W-env expression, but its expression was higher in mental disorder patients (p < 0.01) than in control. When separated, SZ individuals exhibited higher HERV-W expression than the control group (p < 0.01). Higher serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were found in BD (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and SZ (p = 0.01) and p = 0.01, respectively) than in the control group, while SZ showed decreased levels IFN-γ and IL-2 as compared to controls (p = 0.05) and BD patients (p = 0.05), respectively. Higher TNF-α/IL-4 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios, and lower IFN-γ/IL-10 were observed in BD and SZ patients than controls. Significant negative correlation between HERV-W-env expression and IL-10 (r=-0.47 p < 0.05), as well as positive correlations between HERV-W-env expression and TNF-α/IL-10 or IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios (r = 0.48 p < 0.05 and r = 0.46 p < 0.05, respectively) were found in BD patients. CONCLUSION These findings suggest not only a potential link between HERV-W-env expression both in BD and SZ, but also a possible involvement of systemic inflammatory status in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Coelho Rangel
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Isabel Schmitt, 540, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelly Damasceno da Silva
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Isabel Schmitt, 540, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Décio Gilberto Natrielli Filho
- Hospital Escola Wladimir Arruda- Departamento de Psiquiatria- Santo Amaro University, Rua Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Nascimento Santos
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Isabel Schmitt, 540, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Bussador do Amaral
- Ent Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Russo Victor
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Isabel Schmitt, 540, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Izabela Dorota Tuleta
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, EUA, USA
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Isabel Schmitt, 540, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Tiemi Shio
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Isabel Schmitt, 540, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Melo Neves
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Isabel Schmitt, 540, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Isabel Schmitt, 540, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique da Silva Nali
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Isabel Schmitt, 540, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Perez-Rando M, García-Martí G, Escarti MJ, Salgado-Pineda P, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Grasa E, Postiguillo A, Corripio I, Nacher J. Alterations in the volume and shape of the basal ganglia and thalamus in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110960. [PMID: 38325744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Different lines of evidence indicate that the structure and physiology of the basal ganglia and the thalamus is disturbed in schizophrenia. However, it is unknown whether the volume and shape of these subcortical structures are affected in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations (AH), a core positive symptom of the disorder. We took structural MRI from 63 patients with schizophrenia, including 36 patients with AH and 27 patients who had never experienced AH (NAH), and 51 matched healthy controls. We extracted volumes for the left and right thalamus, globus pallidus, putamen, caudate and nucleus accumbens. Shape analysis was also carried out. When comparing to controls, the volume of the right globus pallidus, thalamus, and putamen, was only affected in AH patients. The volume of the left putamen was also increased in individuals with AH, whereas the left globus pallidus was affected in both groups of patients. The shapes of right and left putamen and thalamus were also affected in both groups. The shape of the left globus pallidus was only altered in patients lacking AH, both in comparison to controls and to cases with AH. Lastly, the general PANSS subscale was correlated with the volume of the right thalamus, and the right and left putamen, in patients with AH. We have found volume and shape alterations of many basal ganglia and thalamus in patients with and without AH, suggesting in some cases a possible relationship between this positive symptom and these morphometric alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Rando
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gracián García-Martí
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Quironsalud Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J Escarti
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Spain
| | - Peter J McKenna
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Spain
| | - Eva Grasa
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Postiguillo
- Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Iluminada Corripio
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Vic Hospital Consortium, Francesc Pla, Vic, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
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Saglam Y, Ermis C, Tanyolac D, Oz A, Turan S, Korkmaz HA, Karacetin G. The association between plasma thyroxine levels and neurocognitive impairment in early-onset schizophrenia and other psychosis spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110940. [PMID: 38199488 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Limited studies have delved into the association between thyroid hormones and neurocognition in schizophrenia. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and neurocognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia and other psychosis spectrum disorders (SSD). METHOD A total of 135 patients with early-onset SSD were included in the study. The participants underwent a cognitive assessment. Blood samples were collected to measure serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and free triiodothyronine (fT3). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the severity of the psychosis. FINDINGS The results revealed a significant association between fT4 levels and various cognitive domains, including processing speed, verbal fluency, working memory, verbal learning, verbal memory, and visual memory. However, serum TSH and fT3 levels exhibited no significant association with neurocognitive impairment in adjusted linear regression models. Specifically, the correlation between fT4 levels and global cognition was more pronounced in patients with higher scores. CONCLUSIONS Serum fT4 levels were associated with the performance across various cognitive domains in cases of early-onset psychotic disorders. This correlation was accentuated among patients with higher illness severity. Future studies could focus on the effects of specific pathways that can affect the course and progression of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Saglam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof Dr Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cagatay Ermis
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denizhan Tanyolac
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof Dr Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Oz
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Turan
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Anil Korkmaz
- Izmir Dr. Behcet Uz Pediatric Medicine and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gul Karacetin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof Dr Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li H, Huang Y, Liang L, Li H, Li S, Feng Y, Feng S, Wu K, Wu F. The relationship between the gut microbiota and oxidative stress in the cognitive function of schizophrenia: A pilot study in China. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:444-450. [PMID: 38643725 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia. The gut microbiota (GM) and oxidative stress may play important roles in the pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment. This study aimed to explore the relationship between GM and oxidative stress in the cognitive function of schizophrenia. GM obtained by 16S RNA sequencing and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels from schizophrenia patients (N = 68) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 72) were analyzed. All psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive function was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between GM, SOD, and cognitive function. Machine learning models were used to identify potential biomarkers. Compared to HCs, the relative abundances of Collinsella, undefined Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Mogibacterium, Desulfovibrio, Bulleidia, Succinivibrio, Corynebacterium, and Atopobium were higher in patients with schizophrenia, but Faecalibacterium, Anaerostipes, Turicibacter, and Ruminococcus were lower. In patients with schizophrenia, the positive factor, general factor, and total score of MCCB positively correlated with Lactobacillus, Collinsella, and Lactobacillus, respectively; SOD negatively correlated with Eubacterium, Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Bulleidia, Mogibacterium, and Succinivibrio, but positively correlated with Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and MCCB verbal learning index scores; Faecalibacterium and Turicibacter were positively correlated with MCCB visual learning index scores and speed of processing index scores, respectively. Our findings revealed a correlation between SOD and GM and confirmed that cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia involves abnormal SOD levels and GM changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqiu Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS)-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yangdong Feng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixuan Feng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fengchun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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50
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Lu X, Sun Q, Wu L, Liao M, Yao J, Xiu M. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in first-episode medication-naïve patients with schizophrenia: A 12-week longitudinal follow-up study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110959. [PMID: 38311095 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation has been related to schizophrenia (SZ). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inexpensive inflammatory marker, however, its potential predictive value in patients with SZ has not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to examine whether NLR could predict the clinical response to antipsychotics in this population. One hundred and ninety-five medication-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (MNFES) patients were recruited and received treatment with risperidone for 12 weeks in the present study. Clinical symptoms were evaluated at week 0 and the end of 12 weeks of treatment using the PANSS scales. Complete blood counts were determined at baseline. We found that baseline NEU counts and NLR were positively associated with improvements in clinical symptoms in patients. In addition, MNFES patients with higher baseline NLR values showed a better treatment response to antipsychotics. Linear regression analysis revealed a predictive role of baseline NLR for the improvements of clinical symptoms in SZ patients. Our findings demonstrate that higher NLR was related to better improvements in symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment with antipsychotics, which renders it a promising biomarker of the response to antipsychotics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Lu
- Department of Nutritional and Metabolic Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ling Wu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Meisi Liao
- North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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