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Agarwal A, Rees JH, Sabat S. Toxic and Drug-Related White Matter Diseases of the Brain and Spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2024; 32:253-275. [PMID: 38555140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Toxic leukoencephalopathy and myelopathy are common neurologic complications of a wide range of chemotherapeutic and substance abuse agents. During the last decade, there has been a significant change in the profile of white matter toxins, primarily driven by the development and usage of new chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents and by the continuous increase in illicit drug abuse with contaminants. Neuroimaging in the form of MR imaging forms the cornerstone in the diagnosis of these entities, many of which are reversible and amenable to rapid correction. Chronic white matter changes are also seen with these toxins with gradually progressive clinicoradiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - John H Rees
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida at Gainesville, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Shyamsunder Sabat
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida at Gainesville, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Singh N, Sudha ML. Natural food flavours: a healthier alternative for bakery industry-a review. J Food Sci Technol 2024; 61:642-650. [PMID: 38410266 PMCID: PMC10894155 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Human beings always remained attracted towards vivid food flavours and aroma. Ever since the food industry came into existence, several brands and industries worldwide have been busy creating storms in the food markets through flavours, aromas, textures and substances to intrigue the consumers' minds. The ingredients that go into the preparation of these food items include a list of various preservatives, taste enhancers, stabilizers, colours and to make it look attractive and delicious but may not be healthy. Most of the flavours that are used by food brands are often chemical based and are synthesized completely in the laboratory. The use of artificial/synthetic flavourings in the form of chemical food additives and taste enhancers lead to long term health issues which include potential risks of neurological problems, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, different types of hypersensitivities and even cancers. Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) conduct frequent studies to limit the use of artificial flavouring and additives which are totally chemical based and mimic natural food flavours and extract. Benzaldehyde-an organic chemical closely resembles the flavour of roasted almonds and ethyl vanillin which is 3 times potent than natural vanilla extract used is various confectionery items. Also several ester derivatives are used for mimicking natural fruit flavours like strawberry, guava and cherry. These chemicals pose a considerable threat to human health, knowingly or unknowingly. Antagonistically, natural food flavours, though not as popular as artificial ones prove to be healthier and carry the same aroma and taste as artificial flavouring agents. This review paper sheds light on the pervasiveness of natural and artificial food flavouring agents in the market, their benefits and drawbacks and how they have been in a constant race for dominating the bakery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - M. L. Sudha
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
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Romano MC. Toxic Garden and Landscaping Plants. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2024; 40:61-76. [PMID: 38061967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Many popular ornamental shrubs are not only beautiful but also toxic when ingested in sufficient quantities. Common toxic landscaping shrubs in North America include yew (Taxus spp), oleander (Nerium oleander), and rhododendrons and azaleas (Rhododendron spp). Horses are often exposed when plant trimmings are placed within reach or discarded in pastures. Occasionally clippings or fallen leaves contaminate hay. Some plants are unpalatable unless dried and mixed with hay or lawn clippings but others are ingested more readily. In many cases, disease can be severe and treatment unrewarding; therefore, client education is critical to preventing serious and potentially fatal poisonings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Romano
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, 1490 Bull Lea Road, PO Box 14125, Lexington, KY 40512-4125, USA.
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Devi M, Ramakrishnan E, Deka S, Parasar DP. Bacteria as a source of biopigments and their potential applications. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 219:106907. [PMID: 38387652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
From the prehistoric period, the utilization of pigments as colouring agents was an integral part of human life. Early people may have utilized paint for aesthetic motives, according to archaeologists. The pigments are either naturally derived or synthesized in the laboratory. Different studies reported that certain synthetic colouring compounds were toxic and had adverse health and environmental effects. Therefore, knowing the drawbacks of these synthetic colouring agents now scientists are attracted towards the harmless natural pigments. The main sources of natural pigments are plants, animals or microorganisms. Out of these natural pigments, microorganisms are the most important source for the production and application of bioactive secondary metabolites. Among all kinds of microorganisms, bacteria have specific benefits due to their short life cycle, low sensitivity to seasonal and climatic variations, ease of scaling, and ability to create pigments of various colours. Based on these physical characteristics, bacterial pigments appear to be a promising sector for novel biotechnological applications, ranging from functional food production to the development of new pharmaceuticals and biomedical therapies. This review summarizes the need for bacterial pigments, biosynthetic pathways of carotenoids and different applications of bacterial pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitrayee Devi
- Faculty of Paramedical Science (Microbiology), Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
| | - Elancheran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Technology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 621112, India
| | - Suresh Deka
- Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
| | - Deep Prakash Parasar
- Faculty of Science (Biotechnology), Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India.
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Pradhan RN, Shrestha B, Lee Y. Avoiding cantharidin through ionotropic receptors. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133497. [PMID: 38278077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The discernment and aversion of noxious gustatory stimuli profoundly influence homeostasis maintenance and survival of fauna. Cantharidin, a purported aphrodisiac, is a monoterpenoid compound secreted by many species of blister beetle, particularly by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Although the various advantageous functions of cantharidin have been described, its taste analysis and toxic properties in animalshave been rarely explored. Our study using Drosophila melanogaster examines the taste properties of cantharidin along with its potential hazardous effect in the internal organs of animals. Here, we find that cantharidin activates bitter taste receptors. Our findings show that specific ionotropic receptors (IR7g, IR51b, and IR94f) in labellar bitter-sensing neurons, along with co-receptors IR25a and IR76b, are responsible for detecting cantharidin. By introducing the IR7g and IR51b in sweet and bitter neurons, naturally expressing IR76b and IR25a, we show that these genes are sufficient for cantharidin perception. Moreover, we witness the deleterious ramifications of cantharidin on survival and visceral integrities, shedding light on its hazardous effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Nhuchhen Pradhan
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
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Qadeer A, Mubeen S, Liu M, Bekele TG, Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Alraih AM, Ajmal Z, Alshammari AS, Al-Hadeethi Y, Archundia D, Yuan S, Jiang X, Wang S, Li X, Sauvé S. Global environmental and toxicological impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers versus organophosphate esters: A comparative analysis and regrettable substitution dilemma. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133543. [PMID: 38262318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the global environment is increasing, which aligns with the decline in the usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PBDEs, a category of flame retardants, were banned and classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the Stockholm Convention due to their toxic and persistent properties. Despite a lack of comprehensive understanding of their ecological and health consequences, OPEs were adopted as replacements for PBDEs. This research aims to offer a comparative assessment of PBDEs and OPEs in various domains, specifically focusing on their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) properties. This study explored physicochemical properties (such as molecular weight, octanol-water partition coefficient, octanol-air partition coefficient, Henry's law constant, and vapor pressures), environmental behaviors, global concentrations in environmental matrices (air, water, and soil), toxicities, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer mechanisms of both groups of compounds. Based on the comparison and analysis of environmental and toxicological data, we evaluate whether OPEs represent another instance of regrettable substitution and global contamination as much as PBDEs. Our findings indicate that the physical and chemical characteristics, environmental behaviors, and global concentrations of PBDEs and OPEs, are similar and overlap in many instances. Notably, OPE concentrations have even surged by orders of several magnitude compared to PBDEs in certain pristine regions like the Arctic and Antarctic, implying long-range transport. In many instances, air and water concentrations of OPEs have been increased than PBDEs. While the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of PBDEs (ranging from 4.8 to 7.5) are slightly elevated compared to OPEs (-0.5 to 5.36) in aquatic environments, both groups of compounds exhibit BAF values beyond the threshold of 5000 L/kg (log10 BAF > 3.7). Similarly, the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for PBDEs (ranging from 0.39 to 4.44) slightly surpass those for OPEs (ranging from 1.06 to 3.5) in all cases. Metabolic biotransformation rates (LogKM) and hydrophobicity are potentially major factors deciding their trophic magnification potential. However, many compounds of PBDEs and OPEs show TMF values higher than 1, indicating biomagnification potential. Collectively, all data suggest that PBDEs and OPEs have the potential to bioaccumulate and transfer through the food chain. OPEs and PBDEs present a myriad of toxicity endpoints, with notable overlaps encompassing reproductive issues, oxidative stress, developmental defects, liver dysfunction, DNA damage, neurological toxicity, reproductive anomalies, carcinogenic effects, and behavior changes. Based on our investigation and comparative analysis, we conclude that substituting PBDEs with OPEs is regrettable based on PBT properties, underscoring the urgency for policy reforms and effective management strategies. Addressing this predicament before an exacerbation of global contamination is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Sidra Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China; Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Superior University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, 23 East Elm Avenue, Quincy, MA 02170, USA
| | - Chinemerem R Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North, West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Abiodun O Adeniji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho
| | - Alhafez M Alraih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Mohail Aseer, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ahmad S Alshammari
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denisse Archundia
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - Shengwu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Xixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, 1375 Av. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal H2V 0B3, QC, Canada
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Hurtado D, Quintero JA, Rodríguez YA, Pérez DE, Paz RF, Diez-Sepúlveda J. Principal causes of acute poisoning in an emergency service: experience between 2014 and 2021 at a University Hospital in Southwestern Colombia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3544. [PMID: 38347059 PMCID: PMC10861590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute poisonings are a global public health problem, which implies costs and disease burden for society. In Colombia, there is a significant underreporting of data on acute poisoning and data gaps on the toxicological profile of the population. This study aims to identify the epidemiology of acute poisoning in a high-complexity hospital in southwestern Colombia. A descriptive study with retrospective data collection was performed. The variables were expressed through the measure of central tendency and dispersion. Categorical variables were described in proportions. A total of 406 patients were included. The median age was 31 years (IQR 23-48), 56.2% were male, and only 19.2% had a history of mental illness. Suicidal intent represented 58.8% of the cases, and the most frequent route of exposure was the oral route (81.6%). The most prevalent groups of substances were pesticides (34.2%) and medicines (32%). The most common etiological agent was organophosphates (16.5%). Cholinergic toxidrome was the most common. The average stay in the ICU was 4.5 days (± 4.8), and the mortality was 4.2%. The principal causes of acute poisoning were drugs and pesticides, with a predominant etiology of organophosphates and depressants of the central nervous system. There was a significant predominance of young male patients with suicidal intent, low mental disorders, elevated unemployment rate, and similar mortality reported in other studies. This study improves the knowledge about acute poisoning in southwestern Colombian to carry out multicenter analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hurtado
- Departamento de Medicina de Emergencias, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No.18-49, 760032, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jaime A Quintero
- Departamento de Medicina de Emergencias, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No.18-49, 760032, Cali, Colombia.
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No.18-49, 760032, Cali, Colombia.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Semillero de Investigación en Medicina de Emergencias y Reanimación (SIMER), Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Yeraldin Alejandra Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Semillero de Investigación en Medicina de Emergencias y Reanimación (SIMER), Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, Colombia
| | - Daniel Esteban Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Semillero de Investigación en Medicina de Emergencias y Reanimación (SIMER), Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, Colombia
| | - Roger Figueroa Paz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No.18-49, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Julio Diez-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Medicina de Emergencias, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No.18-49, 760032, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Semillero de Investigación en Medicina de Emergencias y Reanimación (SIMER), Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, Colombia
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Pichler T. Environmental inventory of mercury (Hg) for the marine shallow water hydrothermal system at Panarea, Italy. Sci Total Environ 2024; 911:168575. [PMID: 37979877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal fluids, hydrothermal gases, porewater and seawater were collected from the La Calcara (LC) hydrothermal area (n = 34). Additional samples were taken at Bottaro North (n = 2), Black Point (n = 3) and Panarea Harbor (n = 3). Total Hg (THg) porewater concentrations ranged from 300 to 6200 pM, while dissolved Hgdiss concentrations were generally lower by two to three orders of magnitude. Hydrothermal fluids had concentrations up to 26,000 pM. Mono- and dimethyl Hg (MeHg) were below detection. Total Hg in the gases (Hggas) ranged from 0.9 to 1899 nmol/m3. The THg concentration correlated positively with temperature (r = 0.86), while Hgdiss did not show any correlation (r = -0.02). The origin of Hg in the study area was interpreted to be hydrothermal. However, a clear trend was absent since ambient temperature porewaters had Hg concentrations as high as those porewaters with elevated temperatures. This was considered to be due to a combination of chemical reactions and complex flow patterns beneath the hydrothermal system. The concentration of Hg in the hydrothermal gases ranged from 0.9 to 1899 nmol/m3. This large range was ascribed to subsurface reactions with H2S and CH4 combined with the presence or absence of a sediment cover. Above the LC area, Hg concentrations were higher than those in Mediterranean seawater, indicating that the hydrothermal discharge adds Hg to the Panarea coastal ocean and its ecosystem. This effect is local regarding seawater chemistry and global Hg budgets since with distance Hg concentrations returned to values as expected for Mediterranean seawater. However, since most, if not all, marine food chains originate in coastal water, hydrothermal Hg may bioaccumulate in a given food chain. With more than 70 known marine shallow-water hydrothermal systems, this may be a worldwide phenomenon that warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pichler
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Geochemistry and Hydrogeology, Klagenfurter Str. 2-4, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Kumaran SP, Sarma GRK, Kankara SR, Dsilva CS, Sharma VC, Deepalam SR, Govindappa SKG. MRI brain findings of Abamectin toxic encephalopathy: a case report with review of literature. Emerg Radiol 2023; 30:817-821. [PMID: 37947960 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-023-02180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Abamectin is an insecticidal/miticidal compound derived from the soil bacterium "Streptomyces avermitilis". Abamectin toxicity in humans is very rare. We present a case of acute neurotoxicity induced by Abamectin, showcasing distinctive MRI brain findings in a 33-year-old female who exhibited a favourable recovery with the aid of supportive care. In a patient with known exposure to toxins, even with a lack of knowledge of the specific type or class of toxin, recognition of anatomical distribution of lesions on brain MRI and their characteristic appearance can help exclude other causes of neurologic impairment and aid in timely management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shreyas Reddy Kankara
- Department of Radiology, St. Johns Medical college Hospital, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Carol Shayne Dsilva
- Department of Emergency medicine, St. Johns Medical college Hospital, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Vishal Chandra Sharma
- Department of Neurology, St. Johns Medical college Hospital, Bangalore, 560066, India
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Rajamanikandan R, Ilanchelian M, Ju H. Smartphone-enabled colorimetric visual quantification of highly hazardous trivalent chromium ions in environmental waters and catalytic reduction of p-nitroaniline by thiol-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139838. [PMID: 37598944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency sensing systems for extremely hazardous chromium (Cr(III)) ions are important due to their detrimental effects on human health and the environment. We employed a spectrophotometric method combined with a smartphone (red, green, and blue (RGB) color ratio)-based detection platform to realize the quick, visually quantifiable in situ detection of Cr(III) ions using surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-aided colorimetry. For optical sensing nanoprobes, we synthesized the 2-Mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (MMT)-modified gold nanoparticles (MMT-AuNPs) using a wet chemical method. By way of a coordination reaction, the Cr(III) ions induce the as-prepared MMT-AuNPs to aggregate and subsequently change the SPR wavelength band. The freshly synthesized MMT-AuNPs exhibited a wine-red color. While Cr(III) ions interact with the MMT-AuNPs, the color of the latter evolved from wine red to purple, thus facilitating visual monitoring. The SPR-relevant color change allowed the quantitative sensing of Cr(III) ions in the range of 40-128 nM, with the limit of detection of 6.93 nM when employing the spectrophotometric method and 12.4 nM when using the smartphone RGB color ratio. Furthermore, we developed the spectrophotometric technique that used the smartphone RGB color ratio for on-site analysis of Cr(III) ions in environmental water samples, indicating the possibility of its chemo-sensing applications for portable quantitative detection devices. Additionally, the catalytic performance of the MMT-AuNPs was demonstrated by the reduction of p-nitroaniline in the presence of sodium borohydride. It was interestingly unveiled that the MMT-AuNPs showed outstanding catalytic performance with a catalytic rate constant of 6.31 × 10-3 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heongkyu Ju
- Department of Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Gurtler N, Bughin A, Vaclavik V, Kaisari E, Guex-Crosier Y. Acute bilateral blindness due to diffuse outer retinopathy following clear lens exchange: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:428. [PMID: 37872478 PMCID: PMC10594781 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the trend of refractive lens exchange for presbyopia continues to grow, our case report shows the first occurrence of an acute bilateral outer retinopathy following uncomplicated sequential clear lens extraction in an otherwise healthy individual. CASE PRESENTATION A 54-year-old male without significant medical history benefited from a sequential bilateral lens exchange for presbyopia. He then experienced a rapid vision loss in both eyes, accompanied by photopsias and myodesopsias, with symptoms appearing respectively 4 and 3 weeks after the surgeries. Multimodal imaging revealed a fulminant outer retinopathy, leading to a total loss of light perception within a few days. Immediate intravenous corticosteroid therapy was administered, permitting to recover a small area of central visual function in both eyes, enabling shape and color distinction. The primary diagnostic hypothesis is a presumed autoimmune retinopathy, triggered by the cataract extraction, while an alternative diagnosis could be a toxic reaction secondary to the use of intracameral cefuroxime and lidocaine during the surgery. CONCLUSION In this report, the authors describe the first recorded instance of outer retinopathy following cataract surgery. This occurrence raises the possibility of auto-immunization leading to retinal atrophy and vision loss as a potential outcome after undergoing cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gurtler
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, FAA, University of Lausanne, Avenue de France 15, 1002, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alice Bughin
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, FAA, University of Lausanne, Avenue de France 15, 1002, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Vaclavik
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, FAA, University of Lausanne, Avenue de France 15, 1002, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eirini Kaisari
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, FAA, University of Lausanne, Avenue de France 15, 1002, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yan Guex-Crosier
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, FAA, University of Lausanne, Avenue de France 15, 1002, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Moyo A, Parbhakar-Fox A, Meffre S, Cooke DR. Geoenvironmental characterisation of legacy mine wastes from Tasmania - Environmental risks and opportunities for remediation and value recovery. J Hazard Mater 2023; 454:131521. [PMID: 37146342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A detailed characterisation of potential environmental risks is required to implement adequate mine waste management strategies at abandoned mine sites. This study assessed the long-term potential of six legacy mine wastes from Tasmania to generate acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD). Mineralogical analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mineral liberation analysis (MLA) revealed the mine wastes were oxidised onsite and contained up to 69% of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Oxidation of the sulfides under laboratory static and kinetic leach tests generated leachates with pH 1.9-6.5, suggesting long-term acid-forming potentials. The leachates contained some potentially toxic elements (PTE)s including Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in concentrations exceeding the Australian freshwater guidelines by up to 105 times. The indices of contamination (IC) and toxicity factors (TF)s of the PTEs ranked between very low and very high relative to soils, sediments, and freshwater guidelines. The outcomes of this study highlighted the need for AMD remediation at the historical mine sites. Passive addition of alkalinity is the most practical remediation measure for these sites. They may also be opportunities for the recovery of quartz, pyrite, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn from some of the mine wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah Moyo
- ARC Research Hub for Transforming the Mining Value Chain & Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Anita Parbhakar-Fox
- ARC Research Hub for Transforming the Mining Value Chain & Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; WH Bryan Mining and Geology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Experimental Mine Site, 40 Isles Road, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Sebastien Meffre
- ARC Research Hub for Transforming the Mining Value Chain & Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - David R Cooke
- ARC Research Hub for Transforming the Mining Value Chain & Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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La Torre G, Vitello T, Cocchiara RA, Della Rocca C. Relationship between formaldehyde exposure, respiratory irritant effects and cancers: a review of reviews. Public Health 2023; 218:186-196. [PMID: 37060739 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Formaldehyde is an organic compound used in the production of resins, paper, wood plywood, solvents and cleaning products. Formaldehyde is also present when tobacco is smoked. Formaldehyde has been defined as an irritant and is classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the following two distinct correlations: (1) the association between formaldehyde exposure and development of irritant diseases affecting the respiratory tract, mainly asthma; and (2) the association between formaldehyde exposure and development of neoplastic diseases. STUDY DESIGN This was an umbrella review. METHODS A search was conducted in the three main electronic databases of scientific literature: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search included systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the previous 10 years. Initially, titles and abstracts of retrieved articles were evaluated, then full-text assessments of selected articles took place. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) score. RESULTS A total of 630 articles were initially collected. Nine articles concerning the association between formaldehyde exposure and asthma were included in the present review, and the majority of these reported good association. In addition, 27 articles investigating the association between formaldehyde exposure and neoplastic diseases were included in the review. These studies showed that nasopharyngeal cancer and leukaemia were the most represented neoplastic diseases; however, only a weak association was reported between formaldehyde exposure and cancer. CONCLUSIONS Although the studies included in this review did not show a strong association between exposure to formaldehyde and irritant or neoplastic diseases, the World Health Organisation recommends that levels of formaldehyde do not exceed the threshold value of 0.1 mg/m3 (0.08 ppm) for a period of 30 min. It is recommended that preventive measures, such as ventilation in workplaces with high exposure to formaldehyde and environmental monitoring of formaldehyde concentrations, are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - T Vitello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R A Cocchiara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Della Rocca
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Kamate M, Basavanagowda T, Hattiholi V. Venom-Induced Reversible Leukoencephalopathy: A Novel Cause of Toxic Acute Leukoencephalopathy With Restricted Diffusion. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 141:77-78. [PMID: 36774684 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kamate
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, KAHER's J N Medical College, Belgaum, India.
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15
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Yao C, Li Y, Jiang C, Li J, Jing K, Zhang S, Yang H, Liu C, Zhao L. Triisobutyl phosphate biodegradation by enriched activated sludge consortia: Degradation mechanism and bioaugmentation potential. Environ Pollut 2023; 322:121027. [PMID: 36623787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of activated sludge (AS) to biodegrade triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP) after acclimation in an AS bioreactor by adding 50 mg/L TiBP. The bioreactor significantly increased the biotransformation rate of TiBP (2.15-12.7 d-1) over two months of acclimation. Seven transformation products (TPs) of TiBP were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry, and hydrolysis, hydroxylation and dehydrogenation were the major biodegradation pathways of TiBP. TiBP degradation solutions at 0, 3, 7, and 10 h showed significantly toxic effects on zebrafish embryos, while the toxicity of TiBP degradation solutions at 24 h significantly decreased. Pseudomonas was inferred to be a specific bacterial population in the TiBP metabolic microbial consortium (TMMC) that degrades TiBP (p < 0.001). When TMMC (0.5, 1, and 2 gss/L) was introduced into AS, the TiBP biotransformation rates (1.97, 2.05, and 2.26 d-1 at 1.0 mg/L TiBP, and 0.09, 0.11, and 0.83 d-1 at 30.0 mg/L TiBP) were significantly enhanced compared to the control (0.31 and 0.07 d-1) without TMMC inoculation. In general, this study provides new insights into the key species populations that accelerate TiBP degradation and promote the development of TiBP reduction biotechnology in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chenxue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ke Jing
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Suisui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hanpei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lianfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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16
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Rout DR, Jena HM, Baigenzhenov O, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A. Graphene-based materials for effective adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants: A critical and comprehensive review. Sci Total Environ 2023; 863:160871. [PMID: 36521616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity has been felt in many countries and will become a critical issue in the coming years. The release of toxic organic and inorganic contaminants from different anthropogenic activities, like mining, agriculture, industries, and domestic households, enters the natural waterbody and pollutes them. Keeping this in view in combating the environmental crises, removing pollutants from wastewater is one of the ongoing environmental challenges. Adsorption technology is an economical, fast, and efficient physicochemical method for removing both organic and inorganic pollutants, even at low concentrations. In the last decade, graphene and its composite materials have become the center of attraction for numerous applications, including wastewater treatment, due to the large surface area, highly active surface, and exclusive physicochemical properties, which make them potential adsorbents with unique physicochemical properties, like low density, chemical strength, structural variability, and the possibility of large-scale fabrications. This review article provides a thorough summary/critical appraisal of the published literature on graphene-, GO-, and rGO-based adsorbents for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. The synthesis methods, experimental parameters, adsorption behaviors, isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanisms, and the performance of the regeneration-desorption processes of these substances are scrutinized. Finally, the research challenges, limitations, and future research studies are also discussed. Certainly, this review article will benefit the research community by getting substantial information on suitable techniques for synthesizing such adsorbents and utilizing them in water treatment and designing water treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibya Ranjan Rout
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Orissa, India.
| | - Hara Mohan Jena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Orissa, India.
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17
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Zekić T, Benić MS. Anti-programmed death-1 inhibitor nivolumab-induced immune-related adverse events: hepatitis, renal insufficiency, myositis, vitiligo, and hypothyroidism: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:559-565. [PMID: 36449057 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nivolumab (NIVO) is a monoclonal antibody used to treat renal cell cancer. It is an anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) inhibitor, enhancing the tumor-targeted immune response of T lymphocytes, resulting in immune-mediated adverse events (AEs). We present five immunological AEs in a single patient treated with NIVO. A 68-year-old male patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and right-sided nephrectomy received NIVO after pazopanib and sunitinib treatment. Two and a half months after starting NIVO, hepatocellular enzymes and creatinine were elevated. Concomitantly, the patient noticed hypopigmentation of the hand skin and a change in voice and speech. Due to hepatitis, he has been treated with dexamethasone 16 mg daily for 22 days, after which hypothyroidism and increased creatine kinase were found without muscle pain and functional impairment. Dexamethasone was continued, and a rapid decline in all parameters except thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and vitiligo was observed. Myositis was initially considered a part of hypothyroidism and elevated renal parameters due to hypohydration. The rapid regression on glucocorticoid treatment and a longer time for creatinine normalization than expected with hydration were noticed. Nivolumab likely induced those side effects as assessed by Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. The literature review shows that the consequences of PD-1 inhibition are not uniform. Side effects of checkpoint inhibitors should be monitored carefully in the early and later treatment schedules evaluating subclinical manifestations like myositis and worsening of kidney parameters. Early administered higher doses of glucocorticoids can stop drug toxicity and reverse-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Zekić
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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18
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Deng Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Xie P, Huang L. Inhibitory effect of Ginkgo biloba seeds peptides on methylglyoxal-induced glycations. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113587. [PMID: 36596446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antiglycation activity and mechanism of two identified peptides, Valine-Valine-Phenylalanine-Proline-Glycine-Cysteine-Proline-Glutamic acid (VVFPGCPE) and Serine-Valine-Aspartic acid-Aspartic acid-Proline-Arginine-Threonine-Lysine (SVDDPRTL), from Ginkgo biloba seeds protein hydrolysates. Both VVFPGCPE and SVDDPRTL were efficient in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-methylglyoxal (MGO) model to inhibit BSA glycation, while VVFPGCPE showed higher antiglycation activity than SVDDPRTL. In antioxidant assays, VVFPGCPE scavenged more hydroxyl and super anion radicals, and chelated more Fe2+. Moreover, VVFPGCPE was more efficient in alleviating glycoxidation since it retained higher content of tryptophan and reduced dityrosine and kynurenine generation. Compared with SVDDPRTL, VVFPGCPE showed better performance in inhibiting protein aggregation and amyloid-like fibrillation formation. Therefore, VVFPGCPE was selected for further mechanism study. The circular dichroism analysis suggested VVFPGCPE could preserve α-helix structure and stabilize protein structure. The MGO trapping assay indicated VVFPGCPE (5 mg/mL) could capture 66.25% MGO within 24 h, and the mass spectrometry revealed VVFPGCPE could trap MGO by forming VVFPGCPE-mono-MGO adducts. Besides, molecular simulations suggested VVFPGCPE could interact with key glycation residues, arginine and lysine residues, of BSA mainly through van der Waals and hydrogen bonds. This study might supply a theoretical basis for the development of VVFPGCPE as an effective antiglycation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejun Deng
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Pujun Xie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Lixin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing, 210037, China.
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19
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Bhatt P, Engel BA, Reuhs M, Simsek H. Cyanophage technology in removal of cyanobacteria mediated harmful algal blooms: A novel and eco-friendly method. Chemosphere 2023; 315:137769. [PMID: 36623591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyanophages are highly abundant specific viruses that infect cyanobacterial cells. In recent years, the cyanophages and cyanobacteria interactions drew attention to environmental restoration due to their discovery in marine and freshwater systems. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are increasing throughout the world and contaminating aquatic ecosystems. The blooms cause severe environmental problems including unpleasant odors and cyanotoxin production. Cyanotoxins have been reported to be lethal agents for living beings and can harm animals, people, aquatic species, recreational activities, and drinking water reservoirs. Biological remediation of cyanoHABs in aquatic systems is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to increasing surface water quality. Therefore, this study compiles the fragmented information with the solution of removal of cyanoHABs using cyanophage therapy techniques. To date, scant information exists in terms of bloom formation, cyanophage occurrence, and mode of action to remediate cyanoHABs. Overall, this study illustrates cyanobacterial toxin production and its impacts on the environment, the mechanisms involved in the cyanophage-cyanobacteria interaction, and the application of cyanophages for the removal of toxic cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mikael Reuhs
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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20
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Rai P, Pratap Singh V, Sharma S, Tripathi DK, Sharma S. Iron oxide nanoparticles impart cross tolerance to arsenate stress in rice roots through involvement of nitric oxide. Environ Pollut 2022; 307:119320. [PMID: 35490999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development patterns of crop plants are being seriously threatened by arsenic (As) contamination in the soil, and it also acts as a major hurdle in crop productivity. This study focuses on arsenate As(V) mediated toxicity in rice plants. Further, among the different type of NPs, iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) display a dose-dependent effect but their potential role in mitigating As(V) stress is still elusive. FeO NPs (500 μM) play a role in imparting cross-tolerance against As(V) induced toxicity in rice. Growth attributes, photosynthetic performance, nutrient contents and biochemical parameters were significantly altered by As(V). But FeO NPs rescued the negative consequences of As(V) by restricting its entry with the possible involvement of NO in rice roots. Moreover, results related with gene expression of NO(OsNoA1 and OsNIA1) and proline metabolism were greatly inhibited by As(V) toxicity. But, FeO NPs reversed the toxic effect of As(V) by improving proline metabolism and stimulating NO mediated up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes particularly glutathione-S-transferase which may be possible reasons for the reduction of As(V) toxicity in rice roots. Overall, it can be stated that FeO NPs may act as an As(V) barrier to restrict the As(V) uptake by roots and have the ability to confer cross tolerance by modulating various morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics with possible intrinsic involvement of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Samarth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India.
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21
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De Loma J, Vicente M, Tirado N, Ascui F, Vahter M, Gardon J, Schlebusch CM, Broberg K. Human adaptation to arsenic in Bolivians living in the Andes. Chemosphere 2022; 301:134764. [PMID: 35490756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humans living in the Andes Mountains have been historically exposed to arsenic from natural sources, including drinking water. Enzymatic methylation of arsenic allows it to be excreted more efficiently by the human body. Adaptation to high-arsenic environments via enhanced methylation and excretion of arsenic was first reported in indigenous women in the Argentinean Andes, but whether adaptation to arsenic is a general phenomenon across native populations from the Andes Mountains remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated whether adaptation to arsenic has occurred in the Bolivian Andes by studying indigenous groups who belong to the Aymara-Quechua and Uru ethnicities and have lived in the Bolivian Andes for generations. Our population genetics methods, including genome-wide selection scans based on linkage disequilibrium patterns and allele frequency differences, in combination with targeted and whole-genome sequencing and genotype-phenotype association analyses, detected signatures of positive selection near the gene encoding arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT), the main arsenic methylating enzyme. This was among the strongest selection signals (top 0.5% signals via locus-specific branch length and extended haplotype homozygosity tests) at a genome-wide level in the Bolivian study groups. We found a large haplotype block of 676 kb in the AS3MT region and identified candidate functional variants for further analysis. Moreover, our analyses revealed associations between AS3MT variants and the fraction of mono-methylated arsenic in urine and showed that the Bolivian study groups had the highest frequency of alleles associated with more efficient arsenic metabolism reported so far. Our data support the idea that arsenic exposure has been a driver for human adaptation to tolerate arsenic through more efficient arsenic detoxification in different Andean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica De Loma
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mário Vicente
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Noemi Tirado
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Franz Ascui
- Programa de Salud Familiar Comunitaria e Intercultural, Ministerio de Salud Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacques Gardon
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Carina M Schlebusch
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; SciLifeLab Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Alsaleh A. SSR-based genome-wide association study in turkish durum wheat germplasms revealed novel QTL of accumulated platinum. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11289-11300. [PMID: 35819556 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Durum wheat has a genetic capacity to accumulate toxic metals that can exceed the safety limit of the international standards, which may seriously affect human health. Identifying germplasms with low, nontoxic accumulated metal contents is important to select and develop new varieties. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the levels of accumulated platinum in durum wheat and detect novel QTL. METHODS AND RESULTS Platinum contents were determined using 130 durum genotypes. Results generally showed low values of accumulated Pt and significantly less than the maximum grain's Pt content determined by international standards. Pt contents among genotypes varied from ≤ 0.001 to 0.72 µg/kg with an average of 0.02. Landraces showed the lowest average accumulated Pt. GWAS was then performed with 780 SSR markers. Five QTL were detected and explained 14.4-23.1% of the total phenotypic variation. Chromosomes 3 A, 3B, and 5B appear to be hotspots and may play a crucial role in accumulated Pt and were harbored in 1, 3, and 1 QTL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This assessment of accumulated Pt within a unique panel included accessions mostly from Turkish regions, and GWAS used is the first study regarding accumulated Pt indices to reveal novel QTL. It will allow breeders to accelerate their selection of proper genotypes according to desired alleles and offer an opportunity to apply MAS to minimize Pt toxicity in durum wheat. Results indicated that the significance of genome (B) regions are likely related to the inheritance control of Pt content and may play a pivotal role regarding durum wheat's Pt contents. Nonetheless, these novel QTL should be validated in independent populations in numerous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alsaleh
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Institute of Hemp Research, Yozgat Bozok University, 66200, Yozgat, Turkey.
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Hernández-Mendoza H, Rios-Lugo MJ, Álvarez-Loredo HE, Romero-Guzmán ET, Gaytán-Hernández D, Martínez-Navarro I, Juárez-Flores BI, Chang-Rueda C. Serum lead levels and its association with overweight and obesity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126984. [PMID: 35427954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, nevertheless its association with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia markers has been little explored in Mexico. Therefore, we evaluated the association of serum Pb levels (Pb-S), with body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 85 Mexican adults (57 women and 28 men). BMI was calculated, while FPG, TC, and TG were measured by the enzymatic colorimetric method. Total Pb-S levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS The study population was 20.3 ± 1.9 years old, showed an average of Pb-S of 0.0982 ± 0.068 μg dL-1, and presented a frequency of overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) of 50.5% and 18.8%, respectively. Men had higher average FPG than women (Women= 83.930 ± 5.662 vs Men= 84.953 ± 6.495; p = 0.037). When we analyzed anthropometric and clinical variables, Pb-S and frequency of OW and OB were observed to increase within the categories of Pb-S tertiles (<0.001). The averages of Pb-S were 0.051 ± 0.035 µg dL-1, 0.107 ± 0.067 µg dL-1, and 0.151 ± 0.063 µg dL-1 for individuals with normal weight (NW), OW, and OB, respectively. In addition, an analysis adjusted for age and sex shows Pb-S is positively associated with BMI (β = 2.76 ± 0.498, p = <0.001). CONCLUSION Our results evidence a significant association between Pb-S and the increase of BMI in Mexican adults and highlight the important health impact that may represent environmental Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Hernández-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Altair 200, C.P, 78377 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Universidad del Centro de México, Capitán Caldera 75, C.P., 78250 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - María Judith Rios-Lugo
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda, Sierra Leona 550, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Edmundo Álvarez-Loredo
- Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda, Sierra Leona 550, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Teresita Romero-Guzmán
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca s/n, C.P., La Marquesa, 52750 Ocoyoacác, Mexico
| | - Darío Gaytán-Hernández
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Israel Martínez-Navarro
- Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda, Sierra Leona 550, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Bertha Irene Juárez-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Altair 200, C.P, 78377 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Chang-Rueda
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV. Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Carretera a Puerto Madero Km 1.5, C.P., 30580, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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Abstract
The effects of glucocorticoids on aggression can be conceptualized based on its mechanisms of action. These hormones can affect cell function non-genomically within minutes, primarily by affecting the cell membrane. Overall, such effects are activating and promote both metabolic preparations for the fight and aggressive behavior per se. Chronic increases in glucocorticoids activate genomic mechanisms and are depressing overall, including the inhibition of aggressive behavior. Finally, excessive stressors trigger epigenetic phenomena that have a large impact on brain programming and may also induce the reprogramming of neural functions. These induce qualitative changes in aggression that are deemed abnormal in animals, and psychopathological and criminal in humans. This review aims at deciphering the roles of glucocorticoids in aggression control by taking in view the three mechanisms of action often categorized as acute, chronic, and toxic stress based on the duration and the consequences of the stress response. It is argued that the tripartite way of influencing aggression can be recognized in all three animal, psychopathological, and criminal aggression and constitute a framework of mechanisms by which aggressive behavior adapts to short-term and log-term changes in the environment.
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Zhang X, Jin Z, Shen M, Chang Z, Yu G, Wang L, Xia X. Accumulation of polyethylene microplastics induces oxidative stress, microbiome dysbiosis and immunoregulation in crayfish. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 125:276-284. [PMID: 35526797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have become a worldwide pollutant, widely discovered in soil, air and aquatic environment. Microplastics have been found in habitats where crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) cultivated, but the impact of microplastics on crayfish remains unclear. In this study, after 21-day dietary exposure, polyethylene (PE) particles were found to accumulate in intestine, hepatopancreas, gills and hemolymph of crayfish. Furthermore, PE particles can still be detected in these tissues after a 7-day depuration in clean water. PE retained in these tissues caused oxidative stress responses, as indicated by the change of oxidative-stress-related index, such as the increase of H2O2 level and SOD activity. PE exposure also caused hemocytic encapsulation in crayfish hepatopancreas and increase of mucus secretion in intestine. Moreover, PE exposure affected the microbiota balance in crayfish, by reducing the total microbiota abundance and altering the proportions of many bacterial families. Interestingly, results showed that PE exposure led to of lower numbers of hemocytes and declination of phenoloxidase activity. Finally, PE exposure induced the expression of immune-related genes, including transcription factors and antimicrobial peptides. Taken these together, we conclude that PE microplastics exert considerable toxic effects on crayfish and are a potential threat to crayfish aquaculture and consumption. This study provides basic toxicological data toward quantifying and illuminating the impact of PE microplastics on freshwater animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China; The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
| | - Zeyu Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Manli Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Lan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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26
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Kang L, Chen J, Wang J, Zhao T, Wei Y, Wu Y, Han L, Zheng X, Shen L, Long C, Wei G, Wu S. Multiple transcriptomic profiling: potential novel metabolism-related genes predict prepubertal testis damage caused by DEHP exposure. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:13478-13490. [PMID: 34595713 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on prepubertal testes was examined in this study. We treated 3-week-old male mice with 4.8 mg/kg/day (milligram/kilogram/day) (no observed adverse effect level), 30 mg/kg/day (high exposure dose relative to humans), 100 mg/kg/day (level causing a reproductive system disorder), and 500 mg/kg/day (dose causing a multigenerational reproductive system disorder) of DEHP via gavage. Obvious abnormalities in the testicular organ coefficient, spermatogenic epithelium, and testosterone levels occurred in the 500 mg/kg DEHP group. Ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each group could enrich reproduction and reproductive process terms according to the gene ontology (GO) results, and coenrichment of metabolism pathway was observed by the Reactome pathway analysis. Through the analysis of common genes in the metabolism pathway, we discovered that DEHP exposure at 4.8 to 500 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg caused the same damages to the prepubertal testis. In general, we identified two key transcriptional biomarkers (fatty acid binding protein 3 (Fabp3) and carboxylesterase (Ces) 1d), which provided new insight into the gene regulatory mechanism associated with DEHP exposure and will contribute to the prediction and diagnosis of prepuberty testis injury caused by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Kang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Woman and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lindong Han
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Harnett KG, Moore LG, Chin A, Cohen IC, Lautrup RR, Schuh SM. Teratogenicity and toxicity of the new BPA alternative TMBPF, and BPA, BPS, and BPAF in chick embryonic development. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:399-410. [PMID: 34901887 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely known, yet controversial reproductive toxin, capable of inducing reproductive, developmental, and somatic growth defects across species. Due to scientific findings and public concern, companies have developed BPA alternatives remarkably similar to BPA. However, these alternatives have had much less testing and oversight, yet they are already being mass-produced and used across industries from plastics to food-contact coatings. The newest one, tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF), is the least well-studied and has never been investigated in embryological models, however it continues to be mass produced and found in various products. Here, we used the chicken embryotoxicity screening test to compare the toxicities and potencies of several BPA analogs including TMBPF. We exposed developing chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos in ovo, from embryonic day 5 to 12 (E5-12), to increasing concentrations of BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and TMBPF, from 0.003 to 30 μM, and analyzed their developmental and toxic effects. The bisphenols significantly impaired development, growth, and survival in a dose-dependent manner, even at low, environmentally relevant concentrations of 3-30 nM. There was severely reduced growth and developmental delay, with exposed embryos averaging half the size and weight of control vehicle-treated embryos. The most common and severe dysmorphologies were craniofacial, eye, gastrointestinal, and body pigmentation abnormalities. The bisphenols caused dose-dependent toxicity with the lowest LC50s (lethal concentration with 50% survival) ever demonstrated in chick embryos, at 0.83-2.92 μM. Notably, TMBPF was the second-most toxic and teratogenic of all chemicals tested (rank order of BPAF > TMBPF > BPS > BPA). These results underscore the adverse effects of BPA replacements on early embryo development and may have implications for reproductive health and disease across species, including pregnancy exposures in humans.
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Abstract
Manjunath V, Nadaf S, Chakor RT. Delayed Post-hypoxic Leukoencephalopathy with Neuroradiological Recovery. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(11):1326–1328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Manjunath
- Department of Neurology, Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swaleha Nadaf
- Department of Neurology, Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul T Chakor
- Department of Neurology, Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Vélez JMB, Martínez JG, Ospina JT, Agudelo SO. Bioremediation potential of Pseudomonas genus isolates from residual water, capable of tolerating lead through mechanisms of exopolysaccharide production and biosorption. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2021; 32:e00685. [PMID: 34765463 PMCID: PMC8569635 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of tolerance to heavy metals used by some microorganisms identified by bioprospection processes are useful for the development and implementation of bioremediation strategies for contaminated environments with high toxic load caused by heavy metals. A total of seven native microbial isolates were obtained from wastewater bodies from an industrial zone in the municipality of Girardota, Antioquia, Colombia. Subsequently, they were selected to evaluate their lead tolerance capacity at different concentrations. In addition, some parameters were determined, such as the capacity to produce exopolysaccharides and their biosorption to understand potential mechanisms associated to lead tolerance. According to the biocehemical test (Vitek) and the molecular analysis of sequences of 16S rDNA, bacterial were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas nitroreducens, and Pseudomonas alcaligenes. We determined that the seven isolates had the capacity to tolerate concentrations higher than 50 mg/ml of lead, and that the concentration and exposure time (40 h) to this metal significantly affect the Pseudomonas spp. isolates. Statistically significant differences were detected (p < 0.05) in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) among the isolates. P. aeruginosa (P16) was the strain with the maximum absorbance exopolysaccharide measured. We evidenced that P. aeruginosa (P14) and P. nitroreducens (P20) have 80% capacity to biosorber lead using live mass (minimum range from 80.9% to 87%). It is suggested that the tolerance to lead exhibited by the environmental isolates of Pseudomonas spp. can be attributed to the production of exopolysaccharides and biosorption, which are protection factors for its survival in contaminated places. Finally, it was determined that the adsorption measured from dead biomass was significant (p < 0.05) from 40 h of exposure to metal (Average 182.2 ± 7). We generated new knowledge about the potential use of the Pseudomonas spp. genus to bioremediate affluent contaminated with heavy metals.
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Wang Y, Huang J, Zhu F, Zhou S. Airborne Microplastics: A Review on the Occurrence, Migration and Risks to Humans. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 107:657-664. [PMID: 33742221 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As emerging environmental contaminants, microplastics may cause potential hazard to global ecosphere (including water, soil and air) and human health. To date, the occurance and ecological effects of microplastics in water and soil were systematically summarized. However, there are few reviews of microplastics in air (i.e. airborne microplastics). Recently, microplastics have been observed in atmospheric fallout collected from some areas. Although the studies are limited, most of the researches showed that synthetic textiles are the main source of airborne microplastics, and fibers are the dominant shape. Airborne microplastics are contributors to microplastic pollution in aquatic and soil environments. In addition, airborne microplastics can be directly inhaled and posed health risks to humans. Therefore, this review summarized the current knowledge and provide insights into further research to better understand airborne microplastics and their risks to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Science Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210036, China.
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shaoda Zhou
- Nanjing Kaver Scientific Instruments, Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
Poisoning, as a well-known medical condition, puts everyone at risk. As a data management tool, a registry plays an important role in monitoring the poisoned patients. Having a poisoning minimum data set is a major requirement for creating a poisoning registry. Therefore, the present systematic review was conducted in 2019 to identify the minimum data set for a poisoning registry. Searches were performed in four scientific databases, i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The keywords used in the searches included minimum data set, "poison", and "registry". Two researchers independently evaluated the titles, abstracts, and texts of the papers. The data were collected from the related papers. Ultimately, the minimum data set was identified for the poisoning registry. Data elements extracted from the sources were classified into two general categories: administrative data and clinical data. Ninety-eight data elements in the administrative data category were subdivided into three sections: general data, admission data, and discharge data. One-hundred and thirty-one data elements in the clinical data category were subdivided into five sections: clinical observation data, clinical assessment data, past medical history data, diagnosis data, and treatment plan data. The minimum data set is a prerequisite for creating and using a poisoning registry and data system. It is suggested to evaluate and use the poisoning minimum data set in accordance with the national laws, needs, and standards based on the opinion of the local experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Sabahi
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ferdows Chamran Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, South Khorasan, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Asadi
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Shadnia
- Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rabiei
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azamossadat Hosseini
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Goonoo MS, Arshad MF, Tahir F, Balasubramanian SP. Toxic adenoma: to biopsy or not to biopsy? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:e319-e323. [PMID: 34435917 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic adenoma nodules rarely harbour cancer. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is often not done because of the rarity of these lesions being cancer, the difficulty in interpreting cytology in hyperthyroid patients and the rare precipitation of thyrotoxicosis. We present two young, Caucasian female patients aged 29 and 13 years who were each diagnosed with a toxic nodule categorised as benign and indeterminate respectively. They underwent hemithyroidectomy after being rendered euthyroid, however their histology unexpectedly revealed differentiated follicular cancer. Despite thyroid cancer being rare in patients with toxic adenomas, it should be considered when planning treatment, especially if there are risk factors for cancer, or suspicious features on ultrasound examination. A review of the literature shows that compared with adenomas in euthyroid patients, patients in this group are generally younger and predominately female. If an FNA is considered, it should be performed after the patient is rendered euthyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Goonoo
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M F Arshad
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - F Tahir
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Sluyts Y, Pals P, Amir R, Vanherpe P. Recreational use of nitrous oxide may cause collateral neurological damage. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1097-1099. [PMID: 34213739 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ueta M, Nishigaki H, Mizushima K, Naito Y, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S. Regulation of innate immune response by miR-628-3p upregulated in the plasma of Stevens-Johnson syndrome patients. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:174-177. [PMID: 34058393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Nishigaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Laios K, Michaleas SN, Tsoucalas G, Papalampros A, Androutsos G. The ancient Greek roots of the term Toxic. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:977-979. [PMID: 34026561 PMCID: PMC8122150 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of the term Toxic. The ancient Greek medical literature. The Byzantine medical literature.
In ancient Greek literature the adjective toxic (Greek: τoξικόν) derives from the noun τόξo, that is the arc. This noun according to the Liddell – Scott – Jones lexicon had several meanings. Apart from the meaning that someone is able to use a bow or the military department of the archers, the medical context of the term is that a substance has the characteristic of a poison. This concept of the term survived until today with little differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Laios
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros N Michaleas
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Tsoucalas
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - Alexandros Papalampros
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Topal M. Investigation of the potential human health risk of toxic mercury determined in the grapevine exposed to mine gallery waters. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:1604-1610. [PMID: 33746287 PMCID: PMC7925718 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, mercury was selected because of its toxicity. It was detected in the grapevines exposed to mine gallery waters. The potential health risk of mercury in leaves of grapevine those are consumed by human worldwide was investigated. The grapevines were harvested and separated into organs of roots, stems, and leaves. The concentrations of mercury were determined in roots, stems, and leaves. The translocation and bioconcentration factors were calculated. Maximum concentrations of mercury were stem < root < leaf. The health risk potential of mercury on human health was calculated. The estimated daily exposure doses of mercury followed an order for children and adults: dietary > ingestion > inhalation > dermal. The HQ values calculated for exposure ways of dietary, ingestion and inhalation were male < female < children. As a result, it was determined that grapevine exposed to mine gallery waters that cause environmental contamination may cause non-carcinogenic risks on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Topal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Tunceli Vocation School, University of Munzur, Tunceli, Turkey
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Janzadeh A, Hamblin MR, Janzadeh N, Arzani H, Yousefifard M, Ramezani F. The Toxic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Nerve Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 257:93-119. [PMID: 34622369 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in medical sciences, published studies on their interaction with nerve cells and evaluation of risks are dispersed. This systematic review and meta-analysis could be used to devise safety guidelines for the use of silver nanoparticles in industry and medicine to reduce adverse effects on the CNS.After extensive searches, the full text of 30 related studies was reviewed and data mining completed. Data were analyzed by calculating the mean of different ratios between treated and untreated groups. Linear regression between variables was evaluated by meta-regression. Subgroup analysis was also performed due to heterogeneity.Treatment with silver nanoparticles significantly reduced cell viability (SMD = -1.79%; 95% CI: -2.17 to -1.40; p < 0.0001). Concentration > 0.1 μg/mL could kill neurons, while lower concentration would not (SMD -0.258; 95% CI: -0.821 to 0.305; p = 369). In addition to the concentration, the coating, size of the nanoparticles, and cell type are also factors that influence SNP nerve cell toxicity. Measurement of apoptosis (SMD = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.62 to 2.80; p=0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase release rate (SMD = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.47; p < 0.0001) also confirmed the destructive effect of silver nanoparticles on nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Janzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Narges Janzadeh
- Occupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arzani
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gyamfi ET. Assessment of essential and non-essential elements in selected traditional medicines from India, Ghana and China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:1812-1822. [PMID: 32857308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional medicine (TM) also known as folk medicine consists of medical knowledge systems that were developed over generations in various countries before the era of modern medicine. Over the last few years, there has been a shift in universal trend from modern medicine to TM because it is believed that these medicines are non-toxic to humans, have little to no side-effects, are readily available and affordable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the essential and non-essential elemental concentrations of ayurvedic medicines (AM), Ghanaian traditional medicines (GTM) and Chinese traditional medicines (CTM). The results indicate that the mean elemental concentrations in TM varied greatly. The mean concentrations of copper and mercury in AM, GTM and CTM ranged from 4 to 45 mg/kg and 0.01 to 2 mg/kg, respectively. Multivariate statistical analyses applied to recognise inter-element associations indicated that at 0.05 significant level, there was a positive correlation between elements suggesting they may have originated from the same source. The study concludes by highlighting the need for monitoring of the elemental concentrations in commonly consumed traditional medicines regularly to detect contamination in these medicines since the occurrence of metals in these medicines above or below legally permissible limits can be harmful to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva T Gyamfi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Nuclear Chemistry and Environmental Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P. O. BOX LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a common mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species particularly F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. The toxin produced can cause adverse effects on humans and animals. The objectives of this study were to detect the production of FB1 based on the amplification of FUM1 gene, to quantify FB1 produced by the isolates using Ultra-fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC) analysis, to examine the embryotoxicity effect of FB1 and to determine EC50 toward the larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fifty isolates of Fusarium species were isolated from different hosts throughout Malaysia. Successful amplification of the FUM1 gene showed the presence of this gene (800 bp) in the genome of 48 out of 50 isolates. The highest level of FB1 produced by F. proliferatum isolate B2433 was 6677.32 ppm meanwhile F. verticillioides isolate J1363 was 954.01 ppm. From the assessment of embryotoxicity test of FB1 on larvae of zebrafish, five concentrations of FB1 (0.43 ppm, 0.58 ppm, 0.72 ppm, 0.87 ppm and 1.00 ppm) were tested. Morphological changes of the FB1 exposed-larvae were observed at 24 to 168 hpf. The mortality rate and abnormality of zebrafish larvae were significantly increased at 144 hpf exposure. Meanwhile, the spontaneous tail coiling showed a significant difference. There were no significant differences in the heartbeat rate. As a conclusion, the presence of FUM1 in every isolate can be detected by FUM1 gene analysis and both of the species produced different concentrations of FB1. This is the first report of FB1 produced by Fusarium species gave a significant effect on zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najihah Azman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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40
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Ruiz Yanzi MA, Alessandro L. Acute toxic reversible amnesia. Acta Neurol Belg 2020; 120:1185-1187. [PMID: 31732925 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-019-01234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Ruiz Yanzi
- Department of Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - L Alessandro
- Department of Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Conjunctivitis is a commonly encountered condition in ophthalmology clinics throughout the world. In the management of suspected cases of conjunctivitis, alarming signs for more serious intraocular conditions, such as severe pain, decreased vision, and painful pupillary reaction, must be considered. Additionally, a thorough medical and ophthalmic history should be obtained and a thorough physical examination should be done in patients with atypical findings and chronic course. Concurrent physical exam findings with relevant history may reveal the presence of a systemic condition with involvement of the conjunctiva. Viral conjunctivitis remains to be the most common overall cause of conjunctivitis. Bacterial conjunctivitis is encountered less frequently and it is the second most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis is encountered in nearly half of the population and the findings include itching, mucoid discharge, chemosis, and eyelid edema. Long-term usage of eye drops with preservatives in a patient with conjunctival irritation and discharge points to the toxic conjunctivitis as the underlying etiology. Effective management of conjunctivitis includes timely diagnosis, appropriate differentiation of the various etiologies, and appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Azari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Arabi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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42
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Papadopoli R, Nobile CGA, Trovato A, Pileggi C, Pavia M. Chemical risk and safety awareness, perception, and practices among research laboratories workers in Italy. J Occup Med Toxicol 2020; 15:17. [PMID: 32550858 PMCID: PMC7298783 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to chemical compounds occurs in numerous occupational settings, among which the research and healthcare laboratories have not been adequately investigated. These settings are characterized by an extreme variability of the used compounds and by the frequent turnover of young researchers. The main objectives of the study were to explore the occupational exposure to hazardous chemical substances among research laboratory workers; to assess their awareness and perceptions regarding chemical hazards; to investigate adherence to guidelines on safe handling of chemical compounds; and to analyze the effects of several factors on these outcomes of interest. Methods The survey was conducted among research laboratories workers who were exposed to chemical substances during their activity. Subjects completed a questionnaire exploring knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to chemical hazards involved in research activities. Results Enrolled subjects were 237, for an 81.7% response rate. More than 90 hazardous chemical substances were used in the surveyed laboratories. A correct knowledge on hazardous chemicals was significantly more likely in younger researchers, in those manipulating a higher number of hazardous chemicals, and in those with a higher number of years of training in the attended laboratory; 54.4% of the workers said they felt very exposed to chemical risk. Correct practices in the laboratories were significantly more likely in researchers who perceived to have a low exposure to chemicals, but a high exposure to biological risk, who agreed with the statement that colleagues handle chemicals following safety procedures and who perceived to have received an adequate training in the management of accidents and first aid. Conclusions Our results showed significant gaps in knowledge and scarce preparedness in the adherence to safety processes to prevent and contain risks related to use of chemical compounds in research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Papadopoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Via T. Campanella, 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmelo Giuseppe Angelo Nobile
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trovato
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Via T. Campanella, 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Pileggi
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Via T. Campanella, 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Pavia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138 Naples, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Via T. Campanella, 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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43
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Bojadzija Savic G, Bormans M, Edwards C, Lawton L, Briand E, Wiegand C. Cross talk: Two way allelopathic interactions between toxic Microcystis and Daphnia. Harmful Algae 2020; 94:101803. [PMID: 32414501 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to eutrophication, freshwater ecosystems frequently experience cyanobacterial blooms, many of which produce bioactive metabolites that can affect vertebrates and invertebrates life traits. Zooplankton are able to develop tolerance as a physiological response to cyanobacteria and their bioactive compounds, however, this comes with energetic cost that in turn influence Daphnia life traits and may impair populations. Vice versa, it has been suggested that Daphnia are able to reduce cyanobacterial dominance until a certain cyanobacterial density; it remains unclear whether Daphnia metabolites alone influence the physiological state and bioactive metabolites production of cyanobacteria. Hence, this study investigates mutual physiological reactions of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 and Daphnia magna. We hypothesize that a) the presence of D. magna will negatively affect growth, increase stress response and metabolites production in M. aeruginosa PCC7806 and b) the presence of M. aeruginosa PCC7806 will negatively affect physiological responses and life traits in D. magna. In order to test these hypotheses experiments were conducted in a specially designed co-culture chamber that allows exchange of the metabolites without direct contact. A clear mutual impact was evidenced. Cyanobacterial metabolites reduced survival of D. magna and decreased oxidative stress enzyme activity. Simultaneously, presence of D. magna did not affect photosynthetic activity. However, ROS increase and tendencies in cell density decrease were observed on the same day, suggesting possible energy allocation towards anti-oxidative stress enzymes, or other protection mechanisms against Daphnia infochemicals, as the strain managed to recover. Elevated concentration of intracellular and overall extracellular microcystin MC-LR, as well as intracellular concentrations of aerucyclamide A and D in the presence of Daphnia, indicating a potential protective or anti-grazing function. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Bormans
- Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ECOBIO - UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Enora Briand
- Phycotoxins Laboratory, IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ECOBIO - UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although selenium is an essential element for humans, acute toxicity has been reported after high oral exposure. METHODS The published literature on the acute toxicity of oral selenium was gathered and reviewed. RESULTS Reported symptoms and signs include abdominal symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea, pain, and nausea, as well as garlic-like odor on the breath. In cases of severe toxicity, cardiac and pulmonary symptoms may develop and ultimately lead to mortality. Mortality has been described after the ingestion of gun bluing solutions, which often contain selenous acid among other potentially toxic substances. Mortality has also been reported after the ingestion of other forms of selenium. Ingested doses associated with mortality are in the range of 1-100 mg Se/kg body weight. Blood levels associated with mortality are above 300 μg Se/L (normal level: 100 μg/L), whereas urinary levels associated with the same endpoint are above170 μg Se/L (normal level: 20-90 μg/L). CONCLUSION The acute toxicity associated with oral selenium ingestion and the blood and urinary levels of selenium in different cases of poisonings were reviewed. Mortality is a risk of acute selenium poisoning. Concentrations of selenium in blood and urine samples in non-fatal cases are close to those observed in fatal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- The National Research Centre For The Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK 2100, København Ø, Denmark.
| | - Gitte Ravn-Haren
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Sabovljević MS, Weidinger M, Sabovljević AD, Stanković J, Adlassnig W, Lang I. Metal accumulation in the acrocarp moss Atrichum undulatum under controlled conditions. Environ Pollut 2020; 256:113397. [PMID: 31662248 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosses are frequently used to monitor atmospheric metal contamination but few studies on metal adsorption under controlled conditions are available. Here, the accumulation of the heavy metals copper and zinc was studied in the acrocarp moss Atrichum undulatum. An in vitro culture of A. undulatum was established and the same line, size and equally old remets were exposed to six different treatments representing various metal exposure times and washing scenarios as rain simulation. The metal treatments were done in copper and zinc salts (Cu-acetate, CuSO4, ZnSO4 and ZnCl2, respectively). Energy-Dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) was employed to detect bound heavy metals on the moss plantlets. Element distribution in stems and leaves was measured separately. The aqueous solution of metal salts facilitated an adsorption of both elements in the moss tissue as compared to solid medium. Furthermore, A. undulatum can tolerate pollution of zinc and copper in a distinctive extent; our data point towards a higher zinc tolerance whereas copper is rather harmful. However, semi-quantitatively, less zinc was detected within the moss tissue compared to copper. Interestingly, a strong positive correlation between the accumulation of copper/zinc and iron, and a strong negative correlation between copper/zinc and magnesium, respectively, was documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko S Sabovljević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marieluise Weidinger
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aneta D Sabovljević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanković
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wolfram Adlassnig
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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46
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Abstract
Environmental toxicants are ubiquitous, and many are known to cause harmful health effects. However, much of what we know or think we know concerning the targets and long-term effects of exposure to environmental stressors is sadly lacking. Toxicant exposure may have health effects that are currently mischaracterized or at least mechanistically incompletely understood. While much of the recent excitement about stem cells (SCs) focuses on their potential as therapeutic agents, they also offer a valuable resource to give us insight into the mechanisms and risks of toxicant effects. Not only as a response to the increasing ethical pressure to reduce animal testing, SC studies allow us valuable insight into the true effects of human exposure to environmental stressors under controlled conditions. We present a review of the history of publications on the effects of environmental stressors on SCs, followed by a consolidation of the literature over the past five years on a subset of key environmental stressors of importance to human health and their effects on both embryonic and tissue SCs. The review will make constructive suggestions as to areas of toxicant research where further studies are needed, as well as making indications of the potential utility for advancing knowledge and directing research on environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Worley
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Graham C Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
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47
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential trace element that is widely distributed in the environment. Both geogenic and anthropogenic sources can elevate Cd concentrations in soils and groundwater, which are important for maintaining healthy supplies of food and safe drinking water. Elevated Cd doses are carcinogenic to humans. The WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality recommend a guideline value for Cd of 3 μg/L. Important anthropogenic Cd sources include mining, atmospheric deposition of combustion emissions, and the use of Cd-containing fertilizers. We document several cases of Cd pollution in soil and groundwater based on worldwide accounts. Besides anthropogenic Cd sources, Cd is also incorporated into sulfides, carbonates, and phosphorites resulting in elevated Cd concentrations in associated rock types. The crustal median Cd content is 0.2 mg/kg. In soils, Cd occurs at concentrations of 0.01 to 1 mg/kg with a worldwide mean of 0.36 mg/kg. Weathering can lead to Cd concentrations up to 5 μg/L in soil water and up to 1 μg/L in groundwater. In aqueous solutions, Cd generally occurs as the divalent Cd2+ and it is mobilized mainly in oxic, acidic conditions. Cadmium sorption is enhanced by the presence of high amounts of hydrous oxides, clay minerals, and organic matter, and its mobility is further influenced by pH, the redox state, and ionic strength of the solution. However, Cd can remain in solution as water-soluble complexes with anions, such as CdCl+ and Cd(SO4)2 2-, and dissolved organic matter while sorption and precipitation decrease the aqueous concentration of most other heavy metals. As a consequence, Cd is one of the most mobile heavy metals in the environment. The elevated mobilization potential, e.g., through competition and ligand induced desorption, is the reason for faster Cd release from soil into groundwater than other heavy metals. The goal of this study was to present a broad overview of the origin and concentration of Cd in groundwater, and its reaction pathways in aquatic environments. To gain an overview of the hydrochemical behavior of Cd, cases of Cd pollution in soil and groundwater, studies investigating Cd release, and information about the legal framework were compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kubier
- University of Bremen, Department of Geosciences, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Richard T. Wilkin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ada, OK, 74820, USA
| | - Thomas Pichler
- University of Bremen, Department of Geosciences, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
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Lakatos M, Baranyi M, Erőss L, Nardai S, Török TL, Sperlágh B, Vizi ES. Roles Played by the Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger and Hypothermia in the Prevention of Ischemia-Induced Carrier-Mediated Efflux of Catecholamines into the Extracellular Space: Implications for Stroke Therapy. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:16-33. [PMID: 31346893 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The release of [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) and [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) in acutely perfused rat striatal and cortical slice preparations was measured at 37 °C and 17 °C under ischemic conditions. The ischemia was simulated by the removal of oxygen and glucose from the Krebs solution. At 37 °C, resting release rates in response to ischemia were increased; in contrast, at 17 °C, resting release rates were significantly reduced, or resting release was completely prevented. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ further increased the release rates of [3H]DA and [3H]NA induced by ischemic conditions. This finding indicated that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), working in reverse in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, fails to trigger the influx of Ca2+ in exchange for Na+ and fails to counteract ischemia by further increasing the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i). KB-R7943, an inhibitor of NCX, significantly reduced the cytoplasmic resting release rate of catecholamines under ischemic conditions and under conditions where Ca2+ was removed. Hypothermia inhibited the excessive release of [3H]DA in response to ischemia, even in the absence of Ca2+. These findings further indicate that the NCX plays an important role in maintaining a high [Na+]i, a condition that may lead to the reversal of monoamine transporter functions; this effect consequently leads to the excessive cytoplasmic tonic release of monoamines and the reversal of the NCX. Using HPLC combined with scintillation spectrometry, hypothermia, which enhances the stimulation-evoked release of DA, was found to inhibit the efflux of toxic DA metabolites, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). In slices prepared from human cortical brain tissue removed during elective neurosurgery, the uptake and release values for [3H]NA did not differ from those measured at 37 °C in slices that were previously maintained under hypoxic conditions at 8 °C for 20 h. This result indicates that hypothermia preserves the functions of the transport and release mechanisms, even under hypoxic conditions. Oxidative stress (H2O2), a mediator of ischemic brain injury enhanced the striatal resting release of [3H]DA and its toxic metabolites (DOPAL, quinone). The study supports our earlier findings that during ischemia transmitters are released from the cytoplasm. In addition, the major findings of this study that hypothermia of brain slice preparations prevents the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o)-independent non-vesicular transmitter release induced by ischemic insults, inhibiting Na+/Cl−-dependent membrane transport of monoamines and their toxic metabolites into the extracellular space, where they can exert toxic effects.
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Xia W, Xu T, Wang H. Thermal behaviors and harmful volatile constituents released from asphalt components at high temperature. J Hazard Mater 2019; 373:741-752. [PMID: 30959288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Asphalt binder releases lots of heat and harmful volatiles at high temperature. To further understand thermal behaviors, dynamic release and toxic constituents of emitted volatiles during the combustion of asphalt binder, such fractions as saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) were first prepared. Thermal behaviors, volatile constituents and combustion residue microstructures of SARA fractions are discussed. Results indicate that polymerization degree of asphalt binder is high and the content of polycyclic aromatic compounds is large. Combustion processes of resins and asphaltenes only show single-stage exothermic reactions, but other two fractions present obvious multi-stage combustion reactions. As the heating rate is raised, the incomplete combustion of SARA fractions is increased, and more volatiles are released. Main volatiles released from SARA fractions are inflammable, toxic, corrosive or explosive compounds, and such common volatiles as acetaldehyde and propane are released from each SARA fraction. More toxic volatiles are released at combustion stage I, but macromolecular volatiles are mainly released at stage II. Volatile release behaviors of saturates and aromatics are more obviously affected by the heating rate. Combustion residues show more intact morphologies from saturates to asphaltenes, and mainly contain C, O and S elements. Asphalt binder is hazardous material at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xia
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, 96 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
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Lin YC, Li YC, Shangdiar S, Chou FC, Sheu YT, Cheng PC. Assessment of PM 2.5 and PAH content in PM 2.5 emitted from mobile source gasoline-fueled vehicles in concomitant with the vehicle model and mileages. Chemosphere 2019; 226:502-508. [PMID: 30953895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the PM2.5 emission and analyses the PAHs content in PM2.5 emitted from gasoline-fueled vehicles. Outflow from the vehicles appear to be the ultimate source of PAHs in metro urban communities since the emission from gasoline vehicle increases the wellbeing hazard due to contiguity of exposure to gasoline exhaust. In this study, fifteen vehicles were randomly taken for sampling, where sixteen priority PAHs concentration were investigated. The study was performed on the vehicles with different Euro standard emission by taking into consideration the European legislative levels for vehicles on the toxic gaseous emission. Among all the PAHs outflow components of PM2.5 radiated in the exhaust of gasoline engines, the average concentration of total PAHs discharged was 0.377ng/L-fuel, while the total BaPeq concentration was 0.00993ng/L-fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ching Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Sumarlin Shangdiar
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Chou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Terng Sheu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
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