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Lu J, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Cai K, Xu B. A review of hazards in meat products: Multiple pathways, hazards and mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Food Chem 2024; 445:138718. [PMID: 38364501 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are stable carcinogens that are widely distributed in the environment and food, and humans are exposed to PAHs primarily through the respiratory tracts, dermal contact, and dietary intake. Meat products are an essential part of the human diet, and the formation of PAHs during meat processing is unavoidable. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of PAHs in meat products can be a contribution to the minimization of human exposure dose. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the toxicological analysis of PAHs intake and the various production pathways. The distribution of different PAHs in various meat products, including poultry and aquatic products, is analyzed. The discussion focuses on controlling PAHs through the use of endogenous marinades and antioxidants as well as reducing exogenous particulate matter-PAHs attachment. In addition, potential strategies for PAHs reduction and possible directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Kezhou Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Baocai Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Luo X, Wang Q, Liu W, Wu Y, Yang J, Chen P, Zhuang W, Zheng Y. Characterization and safety assessment of bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanofiber: Prepared by acidolysis combined with dynamic high-pressure microfluidization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122082. [PMID: 38616100 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) using traditional methods is currently facing challenges due to concerns regarding environmental pollution and safety. Herein, a novel CNF was obtained from bamboo shoot shell (BSS) by low-concentration acid and dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) treatment. The resulting CNF was then characterized, followed by in vitro and in vivo safety assessments. Compared to insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), the diameters of HIDF (IDF after low-concentration acid hydrolysis) and CNF were significantly decreased to 167.13 nm and 70.97 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, HIDF and CNF showed a higher crystallinity index (71.32 % and 74.35 %). Structural analysis results indicated the successful removal of lignin and hemicellulose of HIDF and CNF, with CNF demonstrating improved thermostability. In vitro, a high dose of CNF (1500 μg/mL) did not show any signs of cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells. In vivo, no death was observed in the experimental mice, and there was no significant difference between CNF (1000 mg/kg·bw) and control group in hematological index and histopathological analysis. Overall, this study presents an environmentally friendly method for preparing CNF from BSS while providing evidence regarding its safety through in vitro and in vivo assessments, laying the foundation for its potential application in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Luo
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Wangxin Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yirui Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weijing Zhuang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yafeng Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Wang M, Xu XR, Bai QX, Wu LH, Yang XP, Yang DQ, Kuang HX. Dichroa febrifuga Lour.: A review of its botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and progress in reducing toxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118093. [PMID: 38537842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dichroa febrifuga Lour., a toxic but extensively used traditional Chinese medicine with a remarkable effect, is commonly called "Changshan" in China. It has been used to treat malaria and many other parasitic diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW The study aims to provide a current overview of the progress in the research on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and methods of toxicity reduction of D. febrifuga. Additionally, further research directions and development prospects for the plant were put forward. MATERIALS AND METHODS The article uses "Dichroa febrifuga Lour." "D. febrifuga" as the keyword and all relevant information on D. febrifuga was collected from electronic searches (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar), doctoral and master's dissertations and classic books about Chinese herbs. RESULTS 30 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and other kinds, were isolated and identified from D. febrifuga. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that these components have a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-malarial activities, anti-inflammatory activities, anti-tumor activities, anti-parasitic activities and anti-oomycete activities. Meanwhile, alkaloids, as the material basis of its efficacy, are also the source of its toxicity. It can cause multiple organ damage, including liver, kidney and heart, and cause adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. In the current study, the toxicity can be reduced by modifying the structure of the compound, processing and changing the dosage forms. CONCLUSIONS There are few studies on the chemical constituents of D. febrifuga, so the components and their structure characterization contained in it can become the focus of future research. In view of the toxicity of D. febrifuga, there are many methods to reduce it, but the safety and rationality of these methods need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Xin-Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Qian-Xiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Li-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Xin-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - De-Qiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Bai QX, Zhang ZJ, Tang HP, Yang BY, Kuang HX, Wang M. Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai.: A review of its botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, toxicology and pharmacokinetics. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118109. [PMID: 38570147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai., a commonly used herb, is known as "Guan Zhong" in China, "Oshida" in Japan and "Gwanjung" in Korea. It has long been used for parasitic infestation, hemorrhages and epidemic influenza. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper aims to provide an up-to-date review at the advancements of the investigations on the traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of D. crassirhizoma. Besides, possible trends, therapeutic potentials, and perspectives for future research of this plant are also briefly discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of D. crassirhizoma was collected through published materials and electronic databases, including the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Flora of China, Web of Science, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. 109 papers included in the article and we determined that no major information was missing after many checks. All authors participated in the review process for this article and all research paper are from authoritative published materials and electronic databases. RESULTS 130 chemical components, among which phloroglucinols are the predominant groups, have been isolated and identified from D. crassirhizoma. D. crassirhizoma with its bioactive compounds is possessed of extensive biological activities, including anti-parasite, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, bone protective, immunomodulatory, anti-platelet and anti-hyperuricemia activity. Besides, D. crassirhizoma has special toxicology and pharmacokinetics characterization. CONCLUSIONS D. crassirhizoma is a traditional Chinese medicine having a long history of application. This review mainly summarized the different chemical components extract from D. crassirhizoma and various reported pharmacological effects. Besides, the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of D. crassirhizoma also be analysed in this review. However, the chemical components of D. crassirhizoma are understudied and require further research to expand its medicinal potential, and it is urgent to design a new extraction scheme, so that the active ingredients can be obtained at a lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Xiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhao-Jiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Ulaszek S, Lisowski B, Polak S. Dataset of in vitro measured chemicals neurotoxicity. Data Brief 2024; 54:110380. [PMID: 38617019 PMCID: PMC11010968 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To understand and describe neurotoxicity mechanistically, we must first understand the processes and responses that occur within neuronal cell systems after the administration of a chemical. The dataset we present is a collection of experimental results from the literature that comprises various neurotoxic endpoints in human-derived in vitro models, allowing for easy data analysis. Currently available and free databases such as the EPA's ToxCast, which focuses on forecasting toxic health risks, are created by collecting reports on cytotoxicity testing and creating mathematical fits that could help predict the effects of a given chemical on various types of cells. We, in contrast, provide a smaller, raw, and heterogeneous dataset created solely of results on human-derived cell models that not only summarises the cytotoxic effects of certain substances but also creates a possibility for analysing the significance of the experimental set-up for the prediction of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seweryn Ulaszek
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartek Lisowski
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Certara UK Ltd. (Simcyp Division), 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
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Shi Z, Pan JC, Ru Y, Shen NN, Liu YF, Zhang C, Wu XJ, Li FY, Cui JL, Yang CQ, Yang JL, Li MX, Xiao CR, Ma ZC, Li C, Wang YG, Gao Y. Positive benefit-risk ratio of Psoraleae Fructus: Comprehensive safety assessment and osteogenic effects in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 326:117967. [PMID: 38431111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoraleae Fructus (PF), the dried fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., is a commonly used traditional medicine that has contributed to the treatment of orthopedic diseases for thousands of years in China. However, recent PF-related liver injury reports have drawn widespread attention regarding its potential hepatotoxicity risks. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and chronic toxicity of PF using a 26-week administration experiment on rats in order to simulate the clinical usage situation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PF aqueous extract was consecutively administrated to rats daily at dosages of 0.7, 2.0, and 5.6 g/kg (equivalent to 1-8 times the clinical doses for humans) for as long as 26 weeks. Samples were collected after 13, 26, and 32 weeks (withdrawal for 6 weeks) since the first administration. The chronic toxicity of PF was evaluated by conventional toxicological methods, and the efficacy of PF was evaluated by osteogenic effects in the natural growth process. RESULTS In our experiments, only the H group (5.6 g/kg) for 26-week PF treatment demonstrated liver or kidney injury, which the injuries were reversible after 6 weeks of withdrawal. Notably, the PF treatment beyond 13 weeks showed significant benefits for bone growth and development in rats, with a higher benefit-risk ratio in female rats. CONCLUSIONS PF displayed a promising benefit-risk ratio in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, a disease that lacks effective medicine so far. This is the first study to elucidate the benefit-risk balance associated with clinical dosage and long-term use of PF, thereby providing valuable insights for rational clinical use and risk control of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jin-Chao Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China; Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Ning-Ning Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yu-Fu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiang-Jun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Fang-Yang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jia-Lu Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Chun-Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jun-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Mao-Xing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Cheng-Rong Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Guang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Ibrahim JP, Dao N, Haque S, Phipps S, Whittaker MR, Kaminskas LM. Hydrogenated Soy Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes Stimulate Differential Expression of Chemokines And Cytokines by Rat Alveolar Macrophages In Vitro. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1395-1400. [PMID: 38460572 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are being developed as inhalable drug delivery systems, but concerns remain about their impact on the lungs. To better understand the impact of liposomes and their physicochemical properties on alveolar macrophages, the cytokine and chemokine expression profile of rat alveolar Nr8383 macrophages exposed to 0.1 and 1 mg/ml hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) liposomes was examined. Expression patterns varied considerably between liposomes in a concentration-dependent manner, with both anti- and pro-inflammatory chemokines/cytokines produced. Uncharged liposomes induce the greatest production of cytokines and chemokines, followed by PEGylated liposomes. The most significant increase in cytokine/chemokine expression was seen for IL-2 (up to 24-fold), IL-4 (up to 5-fold), IL-18 and VEGF (up to 10-fold), while liposome exposure significantly reduced MIP1 expression (5-fold). In summary, we demonstrate that liposome surface properties promote variable patterns of cytokine and chemokine secretion by alveolar macrophages. This suggests that the type of liposome employed may influence the type of immune response generated in the lung and by extension, dictate how inhaled liposomal nanomedicines affect the lungs response to inhaled toxicants and local infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibriil P Ibrahim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Nam Dao
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Shadabul Haque
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Wan R, Song H, Qu G, Ren L, Zhou X, Tian Q, Wang Y, Liu L. Cardiogenic shock in a 28-year-old woman associated with sibutramine use. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:833-838. [PMID: 38197924 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
A 28-year-old woman collapsed in her home, and her companion rushed to call emergency services. Upon arrival, a physician performed CPR and endotracheal intubation, successfully restoring her voluntary heart rhythm. However, while en route to the hospital, ventricular fibrillation recurred. Despite the restoration of her voluntary rhythm through electrical defibrillation, she remained in a comatose state, which eventually led to multiple organ failures. Family members revealed that she had a 2-month history of taking diet pills. Histological examination revealed cardiomyocyte necrosis, contraction band necrosis, interstitial hemorrhage, collagen deposition, interstitial fiber proliferation, and myofiber remodeling. Analysis of blood and urine using GC-MS and LC-MS detected sibutramine and its primary metabolites, M1 and M2, which were consistent with the composition of the medication she was taking. The deceased was in good health with no underlying heart disease. The above information confirmed that the cause of her death was sibutramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Wan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxiong Song
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Qu
- Hubei Chongxin Judicial Expertise Center, F1-2, Zone B, Huazhong International Industrial Park, Yangluo Development Zone, Xinzhou District, Wuhan, 430415, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Ren
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhou
- Hubei Chongxin Judicial Expertise Center, F1-2, Zone B, Huazhong International Industrial Park, Yangluo Development Zone, Xinzhou District, Wuhan, 430415, Hubei, China
| | - Qishuo Tian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Wang C, Wong A. The presence of abdominal pain associated with acetaminophen overdose does not predict severity of liver injury. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 79:52-57. [PMID: 38364689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Whilst it is known that abdominal pain is a common symptom in patients with acetaminophen overdose, its association with severity of liver injury has not been clearly defined. This study investigates the association between the symptom of abdominal pain on presentation to hospital and the degree of liver injury post-acetaminophen overdose. METHODS Admissions with acetaminophen poisoning, requiring treatment with acetylcysteine were identified and reviewed from a search of a large Australian tertiary hospital network from February 20th, 2014, to August 30th, 2018. Parameters such as presence of abdominal pain, time post-ingestion and peak ALT were collected. Single acute ingestions, staggered and repeated supratherapeutic ingestions were analysed. RESULTS 539 cases were identified in the study period, 79% female, with mean age 25 (17-43) years. Patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain post-acetaminophen overdose had a similar risk of developing hepatotoxicity or acute liver injury compared to patients without abdominal pain regardless of time to presentation. Patients presenting <8-h post-overdose with abdominal pain were as likely to develop hepatotoxicity (1/46, 2.2%) compared to those without abdominal pain (1/54 [1.9%]; OR = 1.18 [0.07 to 19.4]). Those presenting >8-h post-overdose with abdominal pain were as likely to develop hepatotoxicity (13/92, 14.1%) compared to those without abdominal pain (4/35 [11.4%]; OR = 1.28 [0.39 to 4.21]). CONCLUSIONS The presence of abdominal pain after acetaminophen overdose was not predictive of the development of liver injury in patients receiving acetylcysteine treatment. Further prospective studies are required to confirm this finding. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Anselm Wong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Farder-Gomes CF, de Oliveira MA, Malaspina O, Nocelli RFC. Exposure of the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris to imidacloprid, pyraclostrobin, and glyphosate, alone and in combination, impair its walking activity and fat body morphology and physiology. Environ Pollut 2024; 348:123783. [PMID: 38490525 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The stingless bee Melipona scutellaris performs buzz pollination, effectively pollinating several wild plants and crops with economic relevance. However, most research has focused on honeybees, leaving a significant gap in studies concerning native species, particularly regarding the impacts of pesticide combinations on these pollinators. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid (IMD), pyraclostrobin (PYR), and glyphosate (GLY) on the behavior and fat body cell morphology and physiology of M. scutellaris. Foragers were orally exposed to the different pesticides alone and in combination for 48 h. Bees fed with contaminated solution walked less, moved slower, presented morphological changes in the fat body, including vacuolization, altered cell shape and nuclei morphology, and exhibited a higher count of altered oenocytes and trophocytes. In all exposed groups, alone and in combination, the number of cells expressing caspase-3 increased, but the TLR4 number of cells expressing decreased compared to the control groups. The intensity of HSP70 immunolabeling increased compared to the control groups. However, the intensity of the immunolabeling of HSP90 decreased in the IMD, GLY, and I + G (IMD + GLY) groups but increased in I + P-exposed bees (IMD + PYR). Alternatively, exposure to PYR and P + G (PYR + GLY) did not affect the immunolabeling intensity. Our findings demonstrate the hazardous effects and environmental consequences of isolated and combined pesticides on a vital neotropical pollinator. Understanding how pesticides impact the fat body can provide crucial insights into the overall health and survival of native bee populations, which can help develop more environmentally friendly approaches to agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, 35690-000, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Ferreira Cornélio Nocelli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
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11
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Djelassi I, Lancia P, Thuillier I, Ginestar J, Fioravanzo E, Baleydier A. Strategy proposal using QSAR models to approach mutagenicity assessment of non intentionally added substances in recycled plastic resins. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 187:114597. [PMID: 38492856 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Transition to the use of recycled plastics raises an issue concerning safety assessment of Non Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS). To assess the mutagenic potential of the recycled polyethylene impurities and to evaluate the need to perform in vitro assays on recycled resins, this study lies in identifying existing NIAS associated with recycled Low/High Density Polyethylene and assessing the mutagenicity data-gaps by employing in silico tools. METHODS Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models predicting Ames mutagenicity were selected from literature, then NIAS were run to 1/evaluate performances of each model, 2/apply a QSAR strategy on the NIAS molecular space and address data-gaps. RESULTS Among the 165 NIAS identified, experimental Ames results were not found for 50 substances while the substances with experimental data were predominantly negatives. No individual model was able to predict all NIAS due to applicability domain limitations. Taking into account 1/calculated performances, 2/availability of applicability domain, 3/description of the Training Set, an Integrated Strategy was founded including Sarpy, Consensus and Protox to extend the applicability domain. CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES Existing data and predictions generated by this strategy suggest a low mutagenic potential of NIAS. Further investigation is needed to explore other genotoxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Djelassi
- C.F.E.B Sisley Paris, 32 Avenue des Bethunes, 95310, Saint Ouen L'Aumône, France
| | - Pauline Lancia
- C.F.E.B Sisley Paris, 32 Avenue des Bethunes, 95310, Saint Ouen L'Aumône, France.
| | - Isabelle Thuillier
- C.F.E.B Sisley Paris, 32 Avenue des Bethunes, 95310, Saint Ouen L'Aumône, France
| | - José Ginestar
- C.F.E.B Sisley Paris, 32 Avenue des Bethunes, 95310, Saint Ouen L'Aumône, France
| | - Elena Fioravanzo
- ToxNavigation Ltd., Mole View, 158 Bridge Road, East Molesey, KT9 8HW, UK
| | - Aurélie Baleydier
- C.F.E.B Sisley Paris, 32 Avenue des Bethunes, 95310, Saint Ouen L'Aumône, France
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12
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Elattar MM, Darwish RS, Hammoda HM, Dawood HM. An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological overview of onion (Allium cepa L.). J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 324:117779. [PMID: 38262524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most widely distributed species within the Allium genus of family Amaryllidaceae. Onion has been esteemed for its medicinal properties since antiquity. It has been consumed for centuries in various indigenous cultures for the management of several ailments including microbial infections, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin and cardio-vascular disorders, diabetes, renal colic, rheumatism, sexual impotence, menstrual pain, and headache. However, so far, there is a scarcity of recent data that compiles the plant chemistry, traditional practices, biological features, and toxicity. AIM OF THE WORK The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and analytical overview of ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, industrial applications, quality control, and toxicology of onion, to offer new perspectives and broad scopes for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information gathered in this review was obtained from various sources including books, scientific databases such as Science Direct, Wiley, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other domestic and foreign literature. RESULTS Onion has a long history of use as a traditional medicine for management of various conditions including infectious, inflammatory, respiratory, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and erectile dysfunction. More than 400 compounds have been identified in onion including flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, peptides, saponins and fatty acids. The plant extracts and compounds showed various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, aphrodisiac, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. In addition to its predominant medicinal uses, onion has found various applications in the functional food industry. CONCLUSION Extensive literature analysis reveals that onion extracts and bioactive constituents possess diverse pharmacological activities that can be beneficial for treating various diseases. However, the current research primarily revolves around the documentation of ethnic pharmacology and predominantly consists of in vitro studies, with relatively limited in vivo and clinical studies. Consequently, it is imperative for future investigations to prioritize and expand the scope of in vivo and clinical research. Additionally, it is strongly recommended to direct further research efforts towards toxicity studies and quality control of the plant. These studies will help bridge the current knowledge gaps and establish a solid basis for exploring the plant's potential uses in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Elattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Reham S Darwish
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hala M Hammoda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hend M Dawood
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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13
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Foreman AL, Warth B, Hessel EVS, Price EJ, Schymanski EL, Cantelli G, Parkinson H, Hecht H, Klánová J, Vlaanderen J, Hilscherova K, Vrijheid M, Vineis P, Araujo R, Barouki R, Vermeulen R, Lanone S, Brunak S, Sebert S, Karjalainen T. Adopting Mechanistic Molecular Biology Approaches in Exposome Research for Causal Understanding. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38641325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Through investigating the combined impact of the environmental exposures experienced by an individual throughout their lifetime, exposome research provides opportunities to understand and mitigate negative health outcomes. While current exposome research is driven by epidemiological studies that identify associations between exposures and effects, new frameworks integrating more substantial population-level metadata, including electronic health and administrative records, will shed further light on characterizing environmental exposure risks. Molecular biology offers methods and concepts to study the biological and health impacts of exposomes in experimental and computational systems. Of particular importance is the growing use of omics readouts in epidemiological and clinical studies. This paper calls for the adoption of mechanistic molecular biology approaches in exposome research as an essential step in understanding the genotype and exposure interactions underlying human phenotypes. A series of recommendations are presented to make the necessary and appropriate steps to move from exposure association to causation, with a huge potential to inform precision medicine and population health. This includes establishing hypothesis-driven laboratory testing within the exposome field, supported by appropriate methods to read across from model systems research to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Foreman
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory & European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, U.K
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ellen V S Hessel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Gaia Cantelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory & European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, U.K
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory & European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, U.K
| | - Helge Hecht
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer de la Mercè, 12, Ciutat Vella, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pebellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Rita Araujo
- European Commission, DG Research and Innovation, Sq. Frère-Orban 8, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 København, Denmark
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Karjalainen
- European Commission, DG Research and Innovation, Sq. Frère-Orban 8, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Zhao J, Yang T, Yi J, Hu H, Lai Q, Nie L, Liu M, Chu C, Yang J. AP39 through AMPK-ULK1-FUNDC1 pathway regulates mitophagy, inhibits pyroptosis, and improves doxorubicin-induced myocardial fibrosis. iScience 2024; 27:109321. [PMID: 38558936 PMCID: PMC10981016 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin induces myocardial injury and fibrosis. Still, no effective interventions are available. AP39 is an H2S donor that explicitly targets mitochondria. This study investigated whether AP39 could improve doxorubicin-induced myocardial fibrosis. Doxorubicin induced significant myocardial fibrosis while suppressing mitophagy-related proteins and elevating pyroptosis-related proteins. Conversely, AP39 reverses these effects, enhancing mitophagy and inhibiting pyroptosis. In vitro experiments revealed that AP39 inhibited H9c2 cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, improved doxorubicin-induced impairment of mitophagy, reduced ROS levels, ameliorated the mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulated AMPK-ULK1-FUNDC1 expression. In contrast, AMPK inhibitor (dorsomorphin) and ULK1 inhibitor (SBI-0206965) reversed AP39 antagonism of doxorubicin-induced FUNDC1-mediated impairment of mitophagy and secondary cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. These results suggest that mitochondria-targeted H2S can antagonize doxorubicin-induced pyroptosis and impaired mitophagy in cardiomyocytes via AMPK-ULK1-FUNDC1 and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Ting Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Jiali Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Hongmin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Qi Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Liangui Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Maojun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Chun Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
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15
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Siang LJ, Rajak H, Ravichandran V. Nutritional Value, Therapeutic Effects, Phytochemistry, and Toxicology of Lepisanthes fruticosa: A Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:CTMC-EPUB-139854. [PMID: 38639276 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266300963240408051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted benefits of Lepisanthes fruticosa position it is not only as a promising agricultural commodity but also as a versatile resource with implications for health, biodiversity, and economic growth. Lepisanthes fruticosa has a rich history of traditional use for treating various ailments such as fever and diarrhea. Beyond its traditional uses, the plant's antioxidant properties suggest potential applications in combating oxidative stress-related conditions. Its antihyperglycemic properties indicate promise in managing elevated blood sugar levels, while its antibacterial and antiviral attributes hint at potential applications in infectious disease control. Furthermore, the plant's anticancer properties add to its appeal as a valuable resource in the realm of medical research. The plant also exhibits considerable potential in addressing a range of health concerns, including non-communicable diseases and infections, antidiarrheal, and antiviral properties. In essence, Lepisanthes fruticose emerges as more than just an agricultural asset. Its unique combination of nutritional richness, health benefits, and economic viability underscores its potential to become a valuable asset both locally and on the global stage. In this current review, we are discussed about the ethnopharmacology, nutritional value, therapeutic effects, phytochemistry, and toxicology of Lepisanthes fruticose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Joe Siang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Harish Rajak
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
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16
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Wu Q, Cao J, Liu X, Zhu X, Huang C, Wang X, Song Y. Micro(nano)-plastics exposure induced programmed cell death and corresponding influence factors. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:171230. [PMID: 38402958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Plastic products have played an indispensable role in our daily lives for several decades, primarily due to their cost-effectiveness and unmatched convenience. Nevertheless, recent developments in nanotechnology have propelled our attention toward a distinct category of plastic fine particulates known as micro(nano)-plastics (MPs/NPs). The investigation of the cytotoxic effects of MPs/NPs has emerged as a central and burgeoning area of research in environmental toxicology and cell biology. In the scope of this comprehensive review, we have meticulously synthesized recent scientific inquiries to delve into the intricate interplay between MPs/NPs and programmed cell death mechanisms, which encompass a range of highly regulated processes. First, the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of different programmed death modalities induced by MPs/NPs were elaborated, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. The causes of different programmed deaths induced by MPs/NPs, such as size, surface potential, functional group modification, aging, biological crown, and co-exposure of MPs/NPs are further analyzed. In contrast, the various cellular programmed death modes induced by MPs/NPs are not alone most of the time, and lastly, the connections between different cellular programmed death modes induced by MPs/NPs, such as interconversion, mutual promotion, and mutual inhibition, are explained. Our primary objective is to unveil the multifaceted toxicological implications of MPs/NPs on the intricate web of cellular fate and biological homeostasis. This endeavor not only broadens our understanding of the potential risks associated with MPs/NPs exposure but also underscores the urgent need for comprehensive risk assessments and regulatory measures in the context of environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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17
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Morrison K, Yang Y, Santana M, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. A systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis of the behavioural impacts of pesticide exposure on zebrafish. Environ Pollut 2024; 347:123630. [PMID: 38423273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are indispensable in agriculture and have become ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Pesticides in natural environments can cause many negative impacts on aquatic species, ranging from mortality to sub-lethal physiological and behavioural changes. The complex sub-lethal impacts of pesticides are routinely tested on model species, with zebrafish (Danio rerio) being regularly used as a behavioural model. Although behavioural ecotoxicology research using zebrafish is increasing rapidly, we lack quantitative evidence to support which pesticides have been tested and how study designs are carried out. This shortcoming not only limits the deliberate planning for future primary studies to fill the knowledge gaps but also hinders evidence synthesis. To provide quantitative evidence of what pesticides are currently studied and what study designs are used, we combined a systematic evidence map approach and bibliometric analysis. This novel method has been coined research weaving and allows us to elicit gaps and clusters in our evidence base, whilst showing connections between authors and institutions. The methodology can be summarised in five primary steps: literature searching, screening, extraction, data analysis and bibliometric analysis. We identified four areas where research on the sub-lethal effects of pesticide exposure on zebrafish is lacking. First, some widely used pesticides, such as neonicotinoids, are understudied. Second, most studies do not report important elements of the study design, namely the sex and the life-stage of the zebrafish. Third, some behaviours, such as impacts of pesticide exposure on zebrafish cognition, are underexplored. And last, we revealed through the bibliometric analysis that most of the research is conducted in developed countries and there is limited cross country co-authorships. Upon identifying these gaps, we offer solutions for each limitation, emphasizing the importance of diverse global research output and cross-country co-authorships. Our systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis provide valuable insights for helping to guide future research, which can be used to help support evidence-based policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Morrison
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yefeng Yang
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuela Santana
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Centre for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Theoretical Sciences Visiting Program, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Theoretical Sciences Visiting Program, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
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18
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Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Alsayegh AA, Zeyaullah M, AlShahrani AM, Muzammil K, Saati AA, Wahab S, Elbendary EY, Kambal N, Abdelrahman MH, Hussain S. Pesticides impacts on human health and the environment with their mechanisms of action and possible countermeasures. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29128. [PMID: 38623208 PMCID: PMC11016626 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are chemical constituents used to prevent or control pests, including insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, and other unwanted organisms. Despite their advantages in crop production and disease management, the use of pesticides poses significant hazards to the environment and public health. Pesticide elements have now perpetually entered our atmosphere and subsequently contaminated water, food, and soil, leading to health threats ranging from acute to chronic toxicities. Pesticides can cause acute toxicity if a high dose is inhaled, ingested, or comes into contact with the skin or eyes, while prolonged or recurrent exposure to pesticides leads to chronic toxicity. Pesticides produce different types of toxicity, for instance, neurotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and endocrine disruption. The toxicity of a pesticide formulation may depend on the specific active ingredient and the presence of synergistic or inert compounds that can enhance or modify its toxicity. Safety concerns are the need of the hour to control contemporary pesticide-induced health hazards. The effectiveness and implementation of the current legislature in providing ample protection for human health and the environment are key concerns. This review explored a comprehensive summary of pesticides regarding their updated impacts on human health and advanced safety concerns with legislation. Implementing regulations, proper training, and education can help mitigate the negative impacts of pesticide use and promote safer and more sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering and Science, G.D Goenka University, Gururgram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. AlShahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ali Saati
- Department of Community Medicine & Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Y. Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Kambal
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Abdelrahman
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohail Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Dimitrijević MG, Roschger C, Lang K, Zierer A, Paunović MG, Obradović AD, Matić MM, Pocrnić M, Galić N, Ćirić A, Joksović MD. Discovery of a new class of potent pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-diones based inhibitors of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: Synthesis, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107359. [PMID: 38613925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Twenty N-substituted pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-diones 3a-t were synthesized by a cyclization reaction of Pfitzinger's quinoline ester precursor with the selected aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic amines. The structures of all derivatives were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectra, while their purity was determined using HPLC techniques. Almost all compounds were identified as a new class ofpotent inhibitors against hDHODH among which 3a and 3t were the most active ones with the same IC50 values of 0.11 μM, about seven times better than reference drug leflunomide. These two derivatives also exhibited very low cytotoxic effects toward healthy HaCaT cells and the optimal lipophilic properties with logP value of 1.12 and 2.07 respectively, obtained experimentally at physiological pH. We further evaluated the comparative differences in toxicological impact of the three most active compounds 3a, 3n and 3t and reference drug leflunomide. The rats were divided into five groups and were treated intraperitoneally, control group (group I) with a single dose of leflunomide (20 mg/kg) group II and the other three groups, III, IV and V were treated with 3a, 3n and 3t (20 mg/kg bw) separately. The investigation was performed in liver, kidney and blood by examining serum biochemical parameters and parameters of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Dimitrijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Cornelia Roschger
- University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstraße 7a, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Kevin Lang
- University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstraße 7a, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zierer
- University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstraße 7a, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Milica G Paunović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Ana D Obradović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Miloš M Matić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Marijana Pocrnić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Galić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrija Ćirić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan D Joksović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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20
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Nye C, Lalloo DG, Hooper T. The use of rotational thromboelastometry to guide management following Bitis nasicornis envenoming. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258319. [PMID: 38589240 PMCID: PMC11015268 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A man in his thirties presented following Bitis nasicornis envenoming. His coagulation was assessed using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). It identified a subtle abnormality, not detected using standard laboratory assessments of coagulation, and influenced ongoing management. The abnormality resolved following treatment with antivenom. There are few documented cases of using ROTEM to assess patients following haemotoxic envenoming. This case highlights some of the potential benefits and limitations of doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nye
- Neurology Department, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - David Griffith Lalloo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Timothy Hooper
- Department of Critical Care, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
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21
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Keenan M, Wojcik S, Clemency BM, Marraffa J. Does Mixing Activated Charcoal With Cola Improve Tolerability Without Affecting Pharmacokinetics? A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. J Emerg Nurs 2024:S0099-1767(24)00077-1. [PMID: 38583171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activated charcoal is the most common form of gastrointestinal decontamination used for the poisoned patient. One limitation to its use is patient tolerability due to palatability. Some recommend mixing activated charcoal with cola to improve palatability. An important question is whether mixing activated charcoal with cola affects the ability of the activated charcoal to adsorb xenobiotic. METHODS This was a prospective randomized controlled crossover trial. Five healthy adults aged 18 to 40 years were recruited. Participants received 45 mg/kg acetaminophen rounded down to the nearest whole tablet. One hour later, they were randomized to receive 50 g of an activated charcoal-water premixture alone or mixed with cola. Acetaminophen levels were collected. The area under the curve of acetaminophen concentrations over time was measured as a marker for degree of absorption. Participants also completed an appeal questionnaire in which they rated the activated charcoal preparations. Participants would then return after at least 7 days to repeat the study with the other activated charcoal preparation. RESULTS Four male participants and 1 female participant were recruited. There was no statistical difference in preference score for activated charcoal alone versus the cola-activated charcoal mixture. There was no statistical difference in the area under the curve of acetaminophen concentrations over time between activated charcoal alone and the cola-activated charcoal mixture. Of note, the study is limited by the small sample size, limiting its statistical power. DISCUSSION The absorption of acetaminophen in an overdose model is no different when participants received activated charcoal alone or a cola-activated charcoal mixture as suggested by area under the curve. In this small study, there was no difference in preference for activated charcoal alone or a cola-activated charcoal mixture across a range of palatability questions. On an individual level, some participants preferred the activated charcoal-cola mixture, and some preferred the activated charcoal alone.
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22
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de Oliveira GV, Soares MV, Cordeiro LM, da Silva AF, Venturini L, Ilha L, Baptista FBO, da Silveira TL, Soares FAA, Iglesias BA. Toxicological assessment of photoactivated tetra-cationic porphyrin molecules under white light exposure in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Toxicology 2024; 504:153793. [PMID: 38574843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the potential of photosensitizing substances to absorb light energy and produce reactive oxygen species. Tetra-cationic porphyrins, which have organic or coordination compounds attached to their periphery, are heterocyclic derivatives with well-described antimicrobial and antitumoral properties. This is due to their ability to produce reactive oxygen species and their photobiological properties in solution. Consequently, these molecules are promising candidates as new and more effective photosensitizers with biomedical, environmental, and other biomedical applications. Prior to human exposure, it is essential to establish the toxicological profile of these molecules using in vivo models. In this study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans, a small free-living nematode, as a model for assessing toxic effects and predicting toxicity in preclinical research. We evaluated the toxic effects of porphyrins (neutral and tetra-cationic) on nematodes under dark/light conditions. Our findings demonstrate that tetra-methylated porphyrins (3TMeP and 4TMeP) at a concentration of 3.3 µg/mL (1.36 and 0.93 µM) exhibit high toxicity (as evidenced by reduced survival, development, and locomotion) under dark conditions. Moreover, photoactivated tetra-methylated porphyrins induce higher ROS levels compared to neutral (3TPyP and 4TPyP), tetra-palladated (3PdTPyP and 4PdTPyP), and tetra-platinated (3PtTPyP and 4PtTPyP) porphyrins, which may be responsible for the observed toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vitória de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcell Valandro Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marafiga Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Franzen da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiza Venturini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Ilha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Bicca Obetine Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tássia Limana da Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Bourreau C, Chevrier T, Desserrey T, Lusson N, Bessaguet F, Faure S, Legeay S. [Exavir: Implementation and evaluation of experimental pharmacology skills acquisition by pharmacy students]. Ann Pharm Fr 2024:S0003-4509(24)00043-9. [PMID: 38579926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
With the evolution of European and French regulations on animal experimentation in higher education, taking greater account of animal welfare, the University of Angers has developed a virtual animal experimentation software named Exavir. Used for practical work (PW) in physiology, pharmacology and toxicology in the Health, Sciences, and engineering curricula, Exavir can be used to simulate various experiments for teaching purposes, in vivo or ex vivo. Thanks to an original approach integrating serious games with different scenarios, students gain autonomy and become directly involved in their learning. In addition, Exavir's collaborative and participative development approach fosters inter-university partnerships and the emergence of innovative teaching methods. A hybrid pilot study carried out on a sample of 22 students in the Pharmacy Department of the Faculty of Health showed that Exavir improved students' acquisition of teaching skills in both physiology and pharmacology, compared with practical work only based on animal organs. These encouraging results demonstrate for the first time the pedagogical advantages of Exavir and confirm the interest in developing such a platform. In this context, it appears that Exavir also opens up the possibility of adapting the practical work offered within universities, and thus responding to the changing ethical issues of the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bourreau
- CRCI2NA, Inserm U1307, CNRS UMR6075, Nantes université, 44007 Nantes, France; MINT, université d'Angers, SFR-ICAT, Inserm U1066, CNRS 6021, 49033 Angers, France; Département de pharmacie, faculté de santé, université d'Angers, 16, boulevard Daviers, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Tristan Chevrier
- Lab'UA, BU Belle Beille, université d'Angers, 5, rue Le Nôtre, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Thomas Desserrey
- Lab'UA, BU Belle Beille, université d'Angers, 5, rue Le Nôtre, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Nathalie Lusson
- Lab'UA, BU Belle Beille, université d'Angers, 5, rue Le Nôtre, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Flavien Bessaguet
- Département de pharmacie, faculté de santé, université d'Angers, 16, boulevard Daviers, 49045 Angers, France; MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, Inserm U1083, université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Faure
- MINT, université d'Angers, SFR-ICAT, Inserm U1066, CNRS 6021, 49033 Angers, France; Département de pharmacie, faculté de santé, université d'Angers, 16, boulevard Daviers, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Samuel Legeay
- MINT, université d'Angers, SFR-ICAT, Inserm U1066, CNRS 6021, 49033 Angers, France; Département de pharmacie, faculté de santé, université d'Angers, 16, boulevard Daviers, 49045 Angers, France.
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24
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AlSamh DA, Kramer AH. Neurologic Complications in Critically Ill Patients with Toxic Alcohol Poisoning: A Multicenter Population-Based Cohort Study. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:734-742. [PMID: 37697128 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic alcohol poisoning is regularly encountered in emergency departments and intensive care units (ICUs). Most patients present with an altered level of consciousness, but the subsequent course and spectrum of neurologic complications and outcomes is highly variable. METHODS We performed a population-based, multicenter retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients with toxic alcohol poisoning admitted to ICUs in Alberta, Canada, between 2007 and 2019 to describe neurologic sequelae, including seizures, coma, neuroimaging abnormalities, persistent cognitive or visual impairment, and mortality. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of poor outcome. RESULTS We identified 104 patients, including 55 (53%) with methanol ingestion, 36 (35%) with ethylene glycol ingestion, and 13 (13%) with isopropanol ingestion. In patients who underwent neuroimaging, abnormalities were detected in 9 of 24 (38%) with methanol toxicity, 5 of 20 (25%) with ethylene glycol toxicity, and 0 of 10 with isopropanol toxicity (p = 0.07). Basal ganglia were commonly involved with both methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning, but prominent subcortical involvement and restricted diffusion were observed only with methanol poisoning. The composite of death, persistent cognitive impairment, or visual loss occurred in 13 (24%) patients with methanol poisoning, compared with one (3%) with ethylene glycol poisoning and none with isopropanol poisoning (p = 0.006). Among patients with methanol toxicity, greater elevation of the anion gap and lower Glasgow Coma Scale score were independent predictors of poor outcome. No patient with an anion gap ≥ 28 at presentation had a favorable recovery. Progression to death by neurologic criteria occurred in 3 of 55 (5%) patients with methanol poisoning and in none with other toxic alcohols. CONCLUSIONS Methanol overdose is the most common form of toxic alcohol poisoning to result in ICU admission. Poor neurologic outcomes may occur especially with methanol poisoning, with more than one in five patients dying or having persistent cognitive or visual impairment. A wide anion gap independently predicts poor outcome, emphasizing the importance of expeditious recognition and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Abo AlSamh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andreas H Kramer
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, McCaig Tower, Foothills Medical Center, University of Calgary, 3134 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.
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Tomaszewski C. Navigating a Startup Journey: The Journal of Medical Toxicology. J Med Toxicol 2024; 20:77-78. [PMID: 38446354 PMCID: PMC10959904 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-024-01002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tomaszewski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego Health, 200 W Arbor Dr, 92103, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Kent JT, Austin E. Does non-invasive airway management lead to better outcomes in comatose patients with suspected acute poisoning? CAN J EMERG MED 2024; 26:232-234. [PMID: 38349503 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-024-00666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Kent
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Emily Austin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Poison Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kandárová H, Roper C, Dvořáková M. ESTIV 2022: Key enabling non-animal technologies for research, education and testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105779. [PMID: 38219805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kandárová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Clive Roper
- Roper Toxicology Consulting Limited, Edinburgh, UK
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28
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Singh O, Juneja D, Nasa P. Toxicoepidemiology of Acute Poisoning: A Classic Tale of Two Indias. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024; 28:364-368. [PMID: 38585314 PMCID: PMC10998515 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Singh O, Juneja D, Nasa P. Toxicoepidemiology of Acute Poisoning: A Classic Tale of Two Indias. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(4):315-316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omender Singh
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - Deven Juneja
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Nasa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Cittadini F, Aulino G, Petrucci M, Raguso L, Oliveri ES, Beccia F, Novelli A, Strano-Rossi S, Franceschi F, Covino M. Bicycle-related accidents in Rome: Investigating clinical patterns, demographics, injury contexts, and health outcomes for enhanced public safety. Injury 2024; 55:111464. [PMID: 38452698 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics, demographic features, and injury circumstances of patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (IRCCS) in Rome, Italy, due to bicycle accidents. METHODS Data on clinical characteristics, accident timing, injury circumstances, and helmet use were collected for ED patients involved in bicycle accidents from January 2019 to December 2022. Subsequently, Abbreviated Injury Scale codes of all diagnoses were recorded and the Injury Severity Score was calculated. RESULTS Over the study period, 763 patients were admitted to the ED following bicycle accidents, with a 0.3 % fatality rate and a 30.4 % frequency of multitrauma. Multivariate analysis revealed that collisions with other vehicles increased trauma severity and the risk of ICU admission. Conversely, helmet use was associated with reduced severity of head trauma and a lower likelihood of ICU admission. Notably, toxicological investigations were not conducted for any ED-admitted patients. CONCLUSIONS Although a low mortality rate and a low incidence of multi-trauma have been shown in comparison to other nations, it is necessary to adopt prevention strategies like safety devices, more cycle paths, and better infrastructures on the one hand, and stricter laws on the other. It is essential to require toxicological testing in Italy for all accidents involving this means of transport, and to make helmet use compulsory for all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cittadini
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aulino
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Martina Petrucci
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Raguso
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Sofia Oliveri
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavia Beccia
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Novelli
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Strano-Rossi
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Covino
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Cai F, Wang C. Comprehensive review of the phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of alkamides (2016-2022). Phytochemistry 2024; 220:114006. [PMID: 38309452 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Alkamides refer to a class of natural active small-molecule products composed of fatty acids and amine groups. These compounds are widely distributed in plants, and their unique structures and various pharmacological activities have caught the attention of scholars. This review provides a collection of literatures related to the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of alkamides published in 2016-2022 and their summary to provide references for further development of this class of ingredients. A total of 234 components (including chiral isomers) were summarized, pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, analgesic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, antioxidant, and antibacterial, and miscellaneous properties of alkamides were discussed. In addition, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity of alkamides were reviewed. However, information on the pharmacological mechanisms of the action, drug safety, and pharmacokinetics of alkamides is limited and thus requires further investigation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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31
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Geier DA, Geier MR. Reductions in plasma and urine mercury concentrations following N,N'bis-(2-mercaptoethyl) isophthalamide (NBMI) therapy: a post hoc analysis of data from a randomized human clinical trial. Biometals 2024; 37:433-445. [PMID: 37987955 PMCID: PMC11006748 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental mercury exposure possesses a significant risk to many human populations. At present there are no effective treatments for acute mercury toxicity. A new compound, N,N'bis-(2-mercaptoethyl) isophthalamide (NBMI), a lipophilic chelating agent was created to tightly/irreversibly bind mercury. A post hoc dose-dependent analysis of NBMI therapy was undertaken on data from a randomized controlled NBMI human treatment trial on 36 Ecuadorian gold miners with elevated urinary mercury concentrations. Study subjects were randomly assigned to receive 100 milligram (mg) NBMI/day, 300 mg NBMI/day, or placebo for 14 days. For each study subject daily mg NBMI dose/Kilogram (Kg) bodyweight were determined and plasma and urine mercury concentrations (micrograms (µg)/Liter (L)) on study day 1 (pre-NBMI treatment), 15 (after 14 days of NBMI treatment) and 45 (30 days after NBMI treatment) were correlated with NBMI dosing using the linear regression statistic in SAS. Regression revealed significant inverse correlations between increasing per mg NBMI/Kg bodyweight/day and reduced concentrations of urinary and plasma mercury on study day 15 (reduced by in urine = 18-20 µg/L and plasma = 2 µg/L) and study day 30 (reduced by in urine = 15-20 µg/L and plasma = 4 µg/L) and significant correlations between reductions in mercury concentrations in urine and plasma. Significant 30% reductions in urinary mercury concentrations per mg NBMI/Kg bodyweight/day administered for 14 days were observed. This study supports the dose-dependent ability of NBMI therapy to significantly reduce mercury concentrations, particularly in the urine, in an acutely mercury exposed human population. NBMI therapy should be evaluated in other mercury exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Geier
- Research Department, Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD, 20905, USA
| | - Mark R Geier
- Research Department, Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD, 20905, USA.
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Wang W, Li K, Bai D, Wu J, Xiao W. Pterostilbene: a potential therapeutic agent for fibrotic diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:975-989. [PMID: 38429613 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a prevailing pathology in chronic diseases and accounts for 45% of deaths in developed countries. This condition is primarily identified by the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and the overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) by myofibroblasts. Pterostilbene (PTS) is a natural analogue of resveratrol and is most commonly found in blueberries. Research has shown that PTS exerts a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. As a result, PTS has the potential to prevent and cure numerous diseases. Emerging evidence has indicated that PTS can alleviate myocardial fibrosis, renal fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, and colon fibrosis via the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis effects in vivo and in vitro, and the potential mechanisms are linked to various pathways, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/small mother against decapentaplegic proteins (Smads) signalling, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-driven Pitx2c/mir-15b pathway, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling, Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein-1 (Keap-1)/NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) cascade, the NLR family pyridine structure domain 3 (NLRP3) pathway, the Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, and the Src/STAT3 pathway. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the antifibrotic effects of PTS both in vivo and in vitro and the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of PTS and provide insights into and strategies for exploring promising agents for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Wang
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ke Li
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dandan Bai
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiabin Wu
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Naeem B, Saleem J, Haider Naqvi ASA, Kausar S, Arshad A, Kumar K, Khalid A, Kumar P. Systematic review of clinical manifestations, management and outcome following accidental ingestion of liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser in children. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002476. [PMID: 38555100 PMCID: PMC10982783 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid-based mosquito repellents are widely used to control mosquito-borne diseases. Liquid mosquito-repellent vaporisers are effective modes of pyrethroid delivery but can also pose significant health risks if ingested or used improperly. OBJECTIVE This systematic review was performed to assess the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, management strategies and outcomes in children resulting from accidental ingestion of liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser. METHODS The study adheres to the reporting standards outlined in the PRISMA Statement for Systematic Reviews and was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (record # CRD42023413937) to enhance transparency and minimise reporting bias. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using specific MeSH terms related to insecticides, mosquito repellents, pyrethroids, ingestion, poisoning, toxicity and prevention. The reference lists of the included studies were also reviewed for additional relevant articles. The inclusion criteria involved studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2023 that focused on children under 18 years old with a history of mosquito-repellent ingestion based on primary data. RESULTS Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria; these were primarily case reports from India, China and the UAE. Male children were predominantly affected, and symptoms included vomiting, convulsions, cough and respiratory distress. Management primarily involved supportive and symptomatic measures, including atropine for salivation and antiepileptic drugs for seizures. Respiratory support was provided for respiratory complications. CONCLUSION Despite the known risks and diverse presentations of pyrethroid poisoning caused by liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser in children, the limited substantial evidence in the literature underscores the urgent need for comprehensive research to refine management approaches and enhance preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Naeem
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Saleem
- Federal Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sidra Kausar
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Arshad
- Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | | | - Aashar Khalid
- Federal Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Parkash Kumar
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Mangin E, Troendle M. Acute Muscle Rigidity Secondary to Tetanus: A Toxicology Simulation Case for Fourth-Year Medical Students. MedEdPORTAL 2024; 20:11389. [PMID: 38560702 PMCID: PMC10978813 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Tetanus is uncommon in the United States secondary to vaccination. However, vaccination hesitancy is increasing. This case challenges medical students to consider tetanus in the differential and understand its complications. Methods Fourth-year medical students took a pretest on the neurotransmitter glycine and associated disease states. They received two 10-minute lectures on glycine and acid-base abnormalities. Students then participated in a simulation featuring a 27-year-old man bitten by a dog, resulting in tetanus. Required equipment included a mannequin with monitor, a defibrillator, and personal protective equipment. Critical actions consisted of learners dividing up roles amongst each other, using closed-loop communication, placing the patient on a cardiac monitor, choosing to establish IV access and intubate the patient, starting IV fluids, and administering tetanus immunoglobulin. The case ended after 20 minutes. Outcome measurements encompassed performance on a posttest and critical actions. Results Twenty students participated. Mean pretest and posttest scores were 69.5 and 92.5, respectively (p < .001). All groups completed the items on the critical actions checklist within a 20-minute time frame. Discussion Rising vaccine hesitancy may increase the likelihood of physicians encountering new cases of tetanus and require them to perform lifesaving management of a patient presenting with muscle rigidity. This simulation provides learners with hands-on experience caring for a patient with tetanus and muscle rigidity. It can improve their knowledge of recognition, assessment, and decision-making toward lifesaving management of tetanus by allowing them to practice their skills in a safe environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mangin
- Third-Year Medical Student, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| | - Michelle Troendle
- Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Attending Physician, Division of Clinical Toxicology, and Course Director, Critical Care Toxicology for Medical Students, Virginia Commonwealth University Health
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Galust H, Seltzer JA, Hardin JR, Friedman NA, Salamat J, Clark RF, Harmon J. Adulterants present in the San Diego county fentanyl supply: a laboratory analysis of seized law enforcement samples. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:923. [PMID: 38553721 PMCID: PMC10981322 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid overdose crisis is one of the worst public health crises ever to face the US and emerging evidence suggests its effects are compounded by the presence of drug adulterants. Here we report our efforts to characterize the adulterants present within the local fentanyl supply of San Diego County, obtained from undifferentiated drug samples seized by local law enforcement over the calendar year 2021. METHODS Thirty-two participating local law enforcement agencies across San Diego submitted 4838 unknown individual illicit drug samples (total of 312 kg) to the San Diego County Sheriff's Department Regional Crime Laboratory for identification. RESULTS Qualitative analysis of these samples via FTIR and GC-MS identified methamphetamine (38.7%), fentanyl (20.8%), diacetylmorphine (heroin) (10.2%), codeine (5.8%) and alprazolam (4.3%) as the most common illicit substances and the presence of 52 unique adulterants. The most common adulterants included 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAAP) (10.9%), mannitol (9%), acetaminophen (8.5%), methamphetamine (4.2%), diacetylmorphine (heroin) (3.6%), tramadol (1.9%), and xylazine (1.7%). Several additional pharmacologically active adulterants and contaminants of interest were also identified. CONCLUSION This analysis is vital for public health use and harm reduction efforts at the level of the individual consumer. Continued direct surveillance of the drug supply is necessary for the detection of potentially harmful adulterants that may pose serious threats to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Galust
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, 92103, San Diego, CA, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Justin A Seltzer
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, 92103, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy R Hardin
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, 92103, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Friedman
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, 92103, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Salamat
- San Diego County Sheriff's Crime Laboratory. John F. Duffy Administrative Center, 9621. Ridgehaven Ct, 92123, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard F Clark
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, 92103, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Harmon
- San Diego County Sheriff's Crime Laboratory. John F. Duffy Administrative Center, 9621. Ridgehaven Ct, 92123, San Diego, CA, USA
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Melzi G, Massimi L, Frezzini MA, Iulini M, Tarallo N, Rinaldi M, Paglione M, Nozza E, Crova F, Valentini S, Valli G, Costabile F, Canepari S, Decesari S, Vecchi R, Marinovich M, Corsini E. Redox-activity and in vitro effects of regional atmospheric aerosol pollution: Seasonal differences and correlation between oxidative potential and in vitro toxicity of PM 1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116913. [PMID: 38522584 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM) is a complex and heterogeneous mixture of atmospheric particles recognized as a threat to human health. Oxidative Potential (OP) measurement is a promising and integrative method for estimating PM-induced health impacts since it is recognized as more closely associated with adverse health effects than ordinarily used PM mass concentrations. OP measurements could be introduced in the air quality monitoring, along with the parameters currently evaluated. PM deposition in the lungs induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. The study aimed to compare the OP measurements with toxicological effects on BEAS-2B and THP-1 cells of winter and summer PM1 collected in the Po Valley (Italy) during 2021. PM1 was extracted in deionized water by mechanical agitation and tested for OP and, in parallel, used to treat cells. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were assessed by MTT test, DCFH-DA assay, micronucleus, γ-H2AX, comet assay modified with endonucleases, ELISA, and Real-Time PCR. The evaluation of OP was performed by applying three different assays: dithiothreitol (OPDTT), ascorbic acid (OPAA), and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (OPDCFH), in addition, the reducing potential was also analysed (RPDPPH). Seasonal differences were detected in all the parameters investigated. The amount of DNA damage detected with the Comet assay and ROS formation highlights the presence of oxidative damage both in winter and in summer samples, while DNA damage (micronucleus) and genes regulation were mainly detected in winter samples. A positive correlation with OPDCFH (Spearman's analysis, p < 0.05) was detected for IL-8 secretion and γ-H2AX. These results provide a biological support to the implementation in air quality monitoring of OP measurements as a useful proxy to estimate PM-induced cellular toxicological responses. In addition, these results provide new insights for the assessment of the ability of secondary aerosol in the background atmosphere to induce oxidative stress and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Melzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Agostina Frezzini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Via Boncompagni 101, 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Iulini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Naima Tarallo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Rinaldi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Paglione
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emma Nozza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via della Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Crova
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Valentini
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Valli
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Costabile
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Decesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Vecchi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Pennings JLA, Havermans A, Krüsemann EJZ, Zijtveld D, Huiberts EHW, Bos PMJ, Schenk E, Visser WF, Bakker-'t Hart IME, Staal YCM, Talhout R. Reducing attractiveness of e-liquids: proposal for a restrictive list of tobacco-related flavourings. Tob Control 2024; 33:e41-e47. [PMID: 36669881 PMCID: PMC10958261 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic cigarettes are addictive and harmful, and flavour is a key factor determining their abuse liability. Both adult smokers and young non-smokers like sweet and fruity flavours in particular. In order to discourage e-cigarette use among youth, the Dutch government announced in 2020 to only allow tobacco flavours in e-liquids. We propose a restrictive list of flavourings that will only enable the production of e-liquids with a tobacco flavour. METHODS We used e-liquid ingredient data notified via the European Common Entry Gate system before the government's announcement. First, we classified all e-liquids into flavour categories, and continued with the set of flavourings present in tobacco e-liquids. Five selection criteria related to prevalence of use, chemical composition, flavour description and health effects were defined to compile a restrictive list of tobacco flavourings. RESULTS E-liquids marketed as having tobacco flavour contained 503 different flavourings, some with tobacco flavour, but also other (such as sweet) flavours. We excluded (1) 330 flavourings used in <0.5% of e-liquids, (2) 77 used less frequently in tobacco than in all e-liquids, (3) 13 plant extracts, (4) 60 that are sweet or not associated with a tobacco flavour and (5) 7 flavourings with hazardous properties. This resulted in a final list of 16 flavourings. CONCLUSIONS Implementing this restrictive list will likely discourage e-cigarette use among youth, but could also make e-cigarettes less attractive as smoking cessation aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Anne Havermans
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Erna J Z Krüsemann
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Dion Zijtveld
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Eva H W Huiberts
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Peter M J Bos
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Erna Schenk
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Wouter F Visser
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M E Bakker-'t Hart
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C M Staal
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Reinskje Talhout
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Plieskatt J, Bang P, Wood GK, Naghizadeh M, Singh SK, Jore MM, Theisen M. Clinical formulation development of Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine candidates based on Pfs48/45, Pfs230, and PfCSP. Vaccine 2024; 42:1980-1992. [PMID: 38388238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Two malaria transmission-blocking vaccine (TBV) candidates, R0.6C and ProC6C, have completed preclinical development including the selection of adjuvants, Alhydrogel® with or without the saponin based adjuvant Matrix-M™. Here, we report on the final drug product (formulation) design of R0.6C and ProC6C and evaluate their safety and biochemical stability in preparation for preclinical and clinical pharmacy handling. The point-of-injection stability studies demonstrated that both the R0.6C and ProC6C antigens are stable on Alhydrogel in the presence or absence of Matrix-M for up to 24 h at room temperature. As this is the first study to combine Alhydrogel and Matrix-M for clinical use, we also evaluated their potential interactions. Matrix-M adsorbs to Alhydrogel, while not displacing the > 95 % adsorbed protein. The R0.6C and ProC6C formulations were found to be safe and well tolerated in repeated dose toxicity studies in rabbits generating high levels of functional antibodies that blocked infection of mosquitoes. Further, the R0.6C and ProC6C drug products were found to be stable for minimally 24 months when stored at 2-8 °C, with studies ongoing through 36 months. Together, this data demonstrates the safety and suitability of the L. lactis expression system as well as supports the clinical testing of the R0.6C and ProC6C malaria vaccine candidates in First-In-Human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Plieskatt
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bang
- Department of Vaccine Development, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grith Krøyer Wood
- Department of Vaccine Development, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Naghizadeh
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susheel K Singh
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthijs M Jore
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Theisen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Boretti A. Selectively addressing total risk avoidance for certain chemicals while overlooking others: The case of per-and-poly-fluoroalkyls. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 149:105602. [PMID: 38499056 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Melbourne Institute of Technology, 288 Latrobe Street, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia.
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Malta CP, Musachio EAS, Fernandes EJ, Escalante ESS, Benites FV, Prigol M, Barcelos RCS, Morgental RD, Segat HJ. Oxidative damage analysis and cell viability of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to three different endodontic sealers: an in vivo and ex vivo study. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00925-1. [PMID: 38493437 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicological action of AH Plus (AHP), Bio-C Sealer (BCS), and EndoSequence BC Sealer (ESB), using Drosophila melanogaster as the model organism performing in vivo and ex vivo analysis. D. melanogaster were exposed for 10 days to three concentrations (5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, and 20 mg/ml) of AHP, BCS, and ESB sealers mixed with 10 ml of standard diet. During this period, the mortality of flies was evaluated. On the 11th day, the locomotor activity test was performed and the flies were euthanized for oxidative damage analysis (reactive species and lipid peroxidation) and cell viability (resazurin reduction). For the mortality curves evaluation, the log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) was used. For the analysis of other data, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied, followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Regarding mortality, there were no significant differences. The locomotor activity was reduced, mainly in the two highest concentrations of AHP and BCS. Besides, reactive species generation was bigger in the AHP 20 mg/ml group. AHP induced a lipid peroxidation increase in all three concentrations tested, when compared to other sealers. Considering cell viability, the two highest concentrations of AHP reduced this parameter; while in other sealers, viability was reduced only in the highest concentration. AHP showed changes in oxidative markers that led to greater damage to the flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Eliana Jardim Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa-UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Prigol
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa-UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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Warsi A, Pucci MR, Bradberry SM, Khan A, Elamin MEMO. Outbreak of lead poisoning from a civilian indoor firing range in the UK. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:159-162. [PMID: 38302418 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead exposure from discharged lead dust is a recognised risk at firing ranges. We report a lead poisoning outbreak among staff and their close contacts at a UK civilian indoor 24 m firing range. METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken of data collected on all patients at risk of lead poisoning identified either by direct referral to the Clinical Toxicology clinicians at the West Midlands Poisons Unit, or via the Trace Elements Supra-Regional Assay Service Laboratory at Sandwell hospital. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients were identified as having possible lead exposure, either at the firing range or via close contacts. Of these, 63 patients aged between 6 months and 78 years attended for blood lead concentration (BLC) testing. The highest BLC at presentation was 11.7 µmol/L (242 µg/dL). Only nine patients reported any symptoms at presentation. Fifteen patients received lead chelation therapy with oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (or succimer) 30 mg/kg/day or intravenous sodium calcium edetate (EDTA) 75 mg/kg/day, dependent on stock availability. DISCUSSION This report highlights the need for vigilance of lead poisoning as an occupational hazard in the UK, including at recreational facilities such as indoor firing ranges. It emphasises the importance of regulation of lead exposure in the workplace, particularly given the vague symptoms of lead poisoning, and proposes re-appraisal of UK legislation. This report also highlights potential issues surrounding stock availability of rarely used antidotes for uncommon presentations in the event of an outbreak of poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamna Warsi
- Royal Air Force Medical Services, High Wycombe, UK
| | | | | | - Aleha Khan
- Trace Elements Laboratory, Black Country Pathology Services, Sandwell, UK
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Bulka CM, Rajkotwala HM, Eaves LA, Gardner AJ, Parsons PJ, Galusha AL, O'Shea TM, Fry RC. Placental cellular composition and umbilical cord tissue metal(loid) concentrations: A descriptive molecular epidemiology study leveraging DNA methylation. Placenta 2024; 147:28-30. [PMID: 38281400 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The placenta is a mixture of cell types, which may regulate maternal-fetal transfer of exogenous chemicals or become altered in response to exposures. We leveraged placental DNA methylation to characterize major constituent cell types and applied compositional data analysis to test associations with non-essential metal(loid)s measured in paired umbilical cord tissue (N = 158). Higher proportions of syncytiotrophoblasts were associated with lower arsenic, whereas higher proportions of Hofbauer cells were associated with higher cadmium concentrations in umbilical cords. These findings suggest that placental cellular composition influences amounts of metal(loid)s transferred to the fetus or that prenatal exposures alter the placental cellular makeup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Bulka
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Lauren A Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amaree J Gardner
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Aubrey L Galusha
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Colas S, Le Faucheur S. How do biomarkers dance? Specific moves of defense and damage biomarkers for biological interpretation of dose-response model trends. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133180. [PMID: 38104522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Omics studies are currently increasingly used in ecotoxicology to highlight the induction of known or novel biomarkers when organisms are exposed to contaminants. Although it is virtually impossible to identify all biomarkers from all organisms, biomarkers can be grouped as defense or damage biomarkers, exhibiting a limited number of response trends. Our working hypothesis is that defense and damage biomarkers follow different dose-response patterns. A meta-analysis of 156 articles and 2595 observations of dose-response curves of defense and damage biomarkers was carried out in order to characterize the response trends of these biological parameters in a large panel of living organisms (18 phyla) exposed to inorganic or organic contaminants (176 in total). Using multinomial logistic regression models, defense biomarkers were found to describe biphasic responses (bell- and U-shaped) to a greater extent (2.5 times) than damage biomarkers. In contrast, damage biomarkers varied mainly monotonically (decreasing or increasing), representing 85% of the observations. Neither the nature of the contaminant nor the type of organisms belonging to 4 kingdoms, influence these specific responses. This result suggests that cellular defense and damage mechanisms are not specific to stressors and are conserved throughout life. Trend analysis of dose-response models as a biological interpretation of biomarkers could thus be a valuable way to exploit large omics datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Colas
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France.
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Lin Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Yang Q. Elucidating the relationship between metabolites and breast cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116855. [PMID: 38341104 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The evidence about the causal roles of metabolites in breast cancer is lacking. This study conducted a systematic evaluation of the potential causal relationship between 1091 human blood metabolites, 309 metabolite ratios, and the likelihood of developing breast cancer and its subtype by employing a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach Four metabolites, including tryptophan betaine (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.04-1.10, Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.007), X-21312 (OR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.86-0.94, Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.02), 3-bromo-5-chloro-2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.91-0.96, Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.03) and X-18921 (OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.94-0.98, Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.04) were significantly associated with overall breast cancer using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Tryptophan betaine was also significantly associated with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.04-1.11, Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.03). X-23680 (OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.05-1.15, Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.04) and glycine to phosphate ratio (OR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.04-1.10, Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.04) were associated with ER-negative breast cancer. Reverse MR analysis showed no significant associations between breast cancer and metabolites. This MR study indicated compelling evidence of a causal association between metabolites and the risk of breast cancer and its subtypes, underscoring the potential impact of metabolic interference on breast cancer risk and indicating the drug targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songsong Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingmo Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Kleinstreuer N, Hartung T. Artificial intelligence (AI)-it's the end of the tox as we know it (and I feel fine). Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:735-754. [PMID: 38244040 PMCID: PMC10861653 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The rapid progress of AI impacts diverse scientific disciplines, including toxicology, and has the potential to transform chemical safety evaluation. Toxicology has evolved from an empirical science focused on observing apical outcomes of chemical exposure, to a data-rich field ripe for AI integration. The volume, variety and velocity of toxicological data from legacy studies, literature, high-throughput assays, sensor technologies and omics approaches create opportunities but also complexities that AI can help address. In particular, machine learning is well suited to handle and integrate large, heterogeneous datasets that are both structured and unstructured-a key challenge in modern toxicology. AI methods like deep neural networks, large language models, and natural language processing have successfully predicted toxicity endpoints, analyzed high-throughput data, extracted facts from literature, and generated synthetic data. Beyond automating data capture, analysis, and prediction, AI techniques show promise for accelerating quantitative risk assessment by providing probabilistic outputs to capture uncertainties. AI also enables explanation methods to unravel mechanisms and increase trust in modeled predictions. However, issues like model interpretability, data biases, and transparency currently limit regulatory endorsement of AI. Multidisciplinary collaboration is needed to ensure development of interpretable, robust, and human-centered AI systems. Rather than just automating human tasks at scale, transformative AI can catalyze innovation in how evidence is gathered, data are generated, hypotheses are formed and tested, and tasks are performed to usher new paradigms in chemical safety assessment. Used judiciously, AI has immense potential to advance toxicology into a more predictive, mechanism-based, and evidence-integrated scientific discipline to better safeguard human and environmental wellbeing across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-Based Toxicology, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.
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Ghosh A, Quinlan S, Forcelli PA. Anti-seizure medication-induced developmental cell death in neonatal rats is unaltered by history of hypoxia. Epilepsy Res 2024; 201:107318. [PMID: 38430668 PMCID: PMC11018699 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many anti-seizure medications (ASMs) trigger neuronal cell death when administered during a confined period of early life in rodents. Prototypical ASMs used to treat early-life seizures such as phenobarbital induce this effect, whereas levetiracetam does not. However, most prior studies have examined the effect of ASMs in naïve animals, and the degree to which underlying brain injury interacts with these drugs to modify cell death is poorly studied. Moreover, the degree to which drug-induced neuronal cell death differs as a function of sex is unknown. METHODS We treated postnatal day 7 Sprague Dawley rat pups with vehicle, phenobarbital (75 mg/kg) or levetiracetam (200 mg/kg). Separate groups of pups were pre-exposed to either normoxia or graded global hypoxia. Separate groups of males and females were used. Twenty-four hours after drug treatment, brains were collected and processed for markers of cell death. RESULTS Consistent with prior studies, phenobarbital, but not levetiracetam, increased cell death in cortical regions, basal ganglia, hippocampus, septum, and lateral thalamus. Hypoxia did not modify basal levels of cell death. Females - collapsed across treatment and hypoxia status, displayed a small but significant increase in cell death as compared to males in the cingulate cortex, somatosensory cortex, and the CA1 and CA3 hippocampus; these effects were not modulated by hypoxia or drug treatment. CONCLUSION We found that a history of graded global hypoxia does not alter the neurotoxic profile of phenobarbital. Levetiracetam, which does not induce cell death in normal developing animals, maintained a benign profile on the background of neonatal hypoxia. We found a sex-based difference, as female animals showed elevated levels of cell death across all treatment conditions. Together, these data address several long-standing gaps in our understanding of the neurotoxic profile of antiseizure medications during early postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sean Quinlan
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick A Forcelli
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Carpi D, Liska R, Malinowska JM, Palosaari T, Bouhifd M, Whelan M. Investigating the dependency of in vitro benchmark concentrations on exposure time in transcriptomics experiments. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105761. [PMID: 38081393 PMCID: PMC10879918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest to employ in vitro transcriptomics experiments in toxicological testing, for example to determine a point-of-departure (PoD) for chemical safety assessment. However current practices to derive PoD tend to utilise a single exposure time despite the importance of exposure time on the manifestation of toxicity caused by a chemical. Therefore it is important to investigate both concentration and exposure time to determine how these factors affect biological responses, and as a consequence, the derivation of PoDs. In this study, metabolically competent HepaRG cells were exposed to five known toxicants over a range of concentrations and time points for subsequent gene expression analysis, using a targeted RNA expression assay (TempO-Seq). A non-parametric factor-modelling approach was used to model the collective response of all significant genes, which exploited the interdependence of differentially expressed gene responses. This in turn allowed the determination of an isobenchmark response (isoBMR) curve for each chemical in a reproducible manner. For 2 of the 5 chemicals tested, the PoD was observed to vary by 0.5-1 log-order within the 48-h timeframe of the experiment. The approach and findings presented here clearly demonstrate the need to take both concentration and exposure time into account when designing in vitro toxicogenomics experiments to determine PoD. Doing so also provides a means to use concentration-time-response modelling as a basis to extrapolate a PoD from shorter to longer exposure durations, and to identify chemicals of concern that can cause cumulative effects over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Roman Liska
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Taina Palosaari
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Mounir Bouhifd
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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Wu S, Liu K, Huang X, Sun Q, Wu X, Mehmood K, Li Y, Zhang H. Molecular mechanism of miR-203a targeting Runx2 to regulate thiram induced-chondrocyte development. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 200:105817. [PMID: 38582587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Thiram is a kind of organic compound, which is commonly used for sterilization, insecticidal and deodorization in daily life. Its toxicology has been broadly studied. Recently, more and more microRNAs have been shown to participate in the regulation of cartilage development. However, the potential mechanism by which microRNA regulates chondrocyte growth is still unclear. Our experiments have demonstrated that thiram can hamper chondrocytes development and cause a significant increase in miR-203a content in vitro and in vivo trials. miR-203a mimic significantly decrease in mRNA and protein expression of Wnt4, Runx2, COL2A1, β-catenin and ALP, and significantly enhance the mRNA and protein levels of GSK-3β. It has been observed that overexpression of miR-203a hindered chondrocytes development. In addition, Runx2 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-203a by dual luciferase report gene assay. Transfection of si-Runx2 into chondrocytes reveals that significant downregulation of genes is associated with cartilage development. Overall, these results suggest that overexpression of miR-203a inhibits the expression of Runx2. These findings are conducive to elucidate the mechanism of chondrocytes dysplasia induced by thiram and provide new research ideas for the toxicology of thiram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiuyu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 63100
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Chen Y, Liang W, Huang M, Li C, Song Z, Zheng Y, Yi Z. Exploring the mechanism of interaction between TBG and halogenated thiophenols: Insights from fluorescence analysis and molecular simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129645. [PMID: 38296143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, growth, organ differentiation, and energy homeostasis, exerting significant effects in various key metabolic pathways. Halogenated thiophenols (HTPs) exhibit high toxicity and harmfulness to organisms, and numerous studies have demonstrated their thyroid-disrupting effects. To understand the mechanism of action of HTPs on TBG, a combination of competitive binding experiments, multiple fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, molecular docking, and molecular simulations was employed to investigate the binding mechanism and identify the binding site. The competition binding assay between HTPs and ANS confirmed the competition of HTPs with thyroid hormone T4 for the active site of TBG, resulting in changes in the TBG microenvironment upon the binding of HTPs to the active site. Key amino acid residues involved in the binding process of HTPs and TBG were further investigated through residue energy decomposition. The distribution of high-energy contributing residues was determined. Analysis of root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) demonstrated the stability of the HTPs-TBG complex. These findings confirm the toxic mechanism of HTPs in thyroid disruption, providing a fundamental reference for accurately assessing the ecological risk of pollutants and human health. Providing mechanistic insights into how HTPS causes thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Chen
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wenhui Liang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Muwei Huang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Cancan Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zeyu Song
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanhong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhongsheng Yi
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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Darke S, Duflou J, Peacock A, Farrell M, Lappin J. Differences in heroin overdose deaths in Australia by age, 2020-2022: Disease and estimated survival times. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2024; 10:100217. [PMID: 38332901 PMCID: PMC10850106 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Background The age of people who use illicit opioids has increased, with a clinical picture of accelerated ageing. The study aimed to determine, stratified by age: 1. The circumstances and characteristics of heroin-related toxicity deaths in Australia, 2020-2022; 2. The toxicological profile and autopsy findings; 3. The proportion of cases in which blood 6-acetyl morphine (6AM) was detected, as a measure of survival time. Methods Retrospective study of 610 cases of fatal heroin-related drug toxicity in Australia, 2020-2022. Cases were stratified as: <30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, ≥50 years. Results Compared to the youngest group, those aged ≥50 years were more likely to have a history of chronic pain (12.4 v 3.3 %), to have their death attributed to combined drug toxicity/disease (20.1 v 3.3 %), and to have evidence of a sudden collapse (21.3 v 11.1 %). There were no differences in free morphine concentrations or glucuronide concentrations. Compared to the youngest group, however, the two older groups were significantly more likely to have 6AM present in blood, a proxy measure of a shorter survival time (52.0, 55.2 v 34.5 %). Compared to the youngest group, cases aged ≥50 years were more likely to be diagnosed with cardiomegaly (44.0 v 16.7 %), coronary artery disease (46.0 v 15.0 %), emphysema (35.0 v 5.1 %), hepatic steatosis (15.4 v 3.4 %), hepatic fibrosis (17.6 v 3.4 %), and cirrhosis (19.8 v 0.0 %). Conclusions Older cases of heroin overdose had more extensive heart, lung, and liver disease, and appeared more likely to have shorter survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Darke
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Johan Duflou
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Julia Lappin
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
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