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Mok JW, Oh YH, Magge D, Padmanabhan S. Racial disparities of gastric cancer in the USA: an overview of epidemiology, global screening guidelines, and targeted screening in a heterogeneous population. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:426-438. [PMID: 38436760 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer diagnosis and fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. The incidence of gastric cancer in the USA shows significant racial and ethnic disparities with gastric cancer incidence in Korean Americans being over five times higher than in non-Hispanic whites. Since gastric cancer is not common in the USA, there are no current screening guidelines. In countries with higher incidences of gastric cancer, screening guidelines have been implemented for early detection and intervention and this has been associated with a reduction in mortality. Immigrants from high incidence countries develop gastric cancer at lower rates once outside of their country of origin, but continue to be at higher risk for developing gastric cancer. This risk does seem to decrease with subsequent generations. With increasing availability of endoscopy, initiating gastric cancer screening guidelines for high-risk groups can have the potential to improve survival by diagnosing and treating gastric cancer at an earlier stage. This article aims to provide context to gastric cancer epidemiology globally, review risk factors for developing gastric cancer, highlight racial and ethnic disparities in gastric cancer burden in the USA, examine current guidelines that exist in high incidence countries, and suggest future studies examining the efficacy of additional screening in high-risk populations to reduce gastric cancer mortality and disparate burden on ethnic minorities in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Woo Mok
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Yeong Ha Oh
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deepa Magge
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sekhar Padmanabhan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Farhan K, Imam SI, Tariq MB, Ahmed A, Suheb MK, Akilimali A. Connecting the dots: Human papillomavirus vaccination gaps and the upsurge of oral human papillomavirus infection in United States of America. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:529-530. [PMID: 38084756 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
SynopsisThis Editorial calls attention to the worrisome rise in oral HPV infections in the USA, which has been related to an increase in oral sex activity. It emphasizes the need for increased vaccination rates, dispelling myths and addressing disparities in oropharyngeal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanza Farhan
- Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Irtiza Imam
- Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Aliza Ahmed
- Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mahammed Khan Suheb
- Department of Critical Care, St. Luke's Aurora Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aymar Akilimali
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle (MedReC), Bukavu, DR Congo
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3
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Aljahdali AA, Rossato SL, Baylin A. Ultra-processed foods consumption among a USA representative sample of middle-older adults: a cross-sectional analysis. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1461-1472. [PMID: 38174358 PMCID: PMC10950447 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523003033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The study evaluated the association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) and nutrient intake and identified the socio-demographic characteristics associated with UPF consumption among a nationally representative sample of middle-older adults. Dietary assessment was collected in 2013 using a validated FFQ. The Nova system was used to classify food and drinks into UPF. The percentage of dietary energy from UPF was calculated and used throughout the analyses, and average nutrient intake across quintiles of UPF was evaluated. The determinants associated with the dietary caloric contribution of UPF intake were investigated using linear regression models. A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative study of Americans over the age of 50, the Health and Retirement Study, was conducted. The analysis included 6220 participants. The mean age was 65 (se 0·28) years, with 55 % being female. UPF intake accounted for 51 % (se 0·25) of total intake. An increase in the percentage of (%UPF) consumption was correlated with an increase in calories, carbohydrates, saturated fat and sugar, and a decrease in fibre, vitamins and minerals. %UPF intake was inversely associated with being Hispanic, higher income, physical activity, vegetarian diet and Mediterranean diet but positively associated with very low food insecurity. UPF represented half of the calories consumed. A higher %UPF intake was associated with a lower nutrient profile, suggesting decreasing %UPF intake as a strategy to improve the nutritional quality of middle-older adults. A few socio-demographic factors were associated with %UPF, which would help in planning strategies to reduce UPF consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ali Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sinara Laurini Rossato
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Geography, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Global Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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García YE, Schmidt AJ, Solis L, Daza-Torres ML, Montesinos-López JC, Pollock BH, Nuño M. Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Testing Adherence in a University Town: Recurrent Event Modeling Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e48784. [PMID: 38631033 DOI: 10.2196/48784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy Davis Together was a program launched in September 2020 in the city of Davis, California, to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and facilitate the return to normalcy. The program involved multiple interventions, including free saliva-based asymptomatic testing, targeted communication campaigns, education efforts, and distribution of personal protective equipment, community partnerships, and investments in the local economy. OBJECTIVE This study identified demographic characteristics of individuals that underwent testing and assessed adherence to testing over time in a community pandemic-response program launched in a college town in California, United States. METHODS This study outlines overall testing engagement, identifies demographic characteristics of participants, and evaluates testing participation changes over 4 periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, distinguished by the dominant variants Delta and Omicron. Additionally, a recurrent model is employed to explore testing patterns based on the participants' frequency, timing, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS A total of 770,165 tests were performed between November 18, 2020, and June 30, 2022, among 89,924 (41.1% of total population) residents of Yolo County, with significant participation from racially or ethnically diverse participants and across age groups. Most positive cases (6351 of total) and highest daily participation (895 per 100,000 population) were during the Omicron period. There were some gender and age-related differences in the pattern of recurrent COVID-19 testing. Men were slightly less likely (hazard ratio [HR] 0.969, 95% CI 0.943-0.996) to be retested and more likely (HR 1.104, 95% CI 1.075-1.134) to stop testing altogether than women. People aged between 20 and 34 years were less likely to be retested (HR 0.861, 95% CI 0.828-0.895) and more likely to stop testing altogether (HR 2.617, 95% CI 2.538-2.699). However, older age groups were less likely to stop testing, especially those aged between 65-74 years and 75-84 years, than those aged between 0 and 19 years. The likelihood of stopping testing was lower (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.889-0.976) for the Asian group and higher for the Hispanic or Latino (HR 1.185, 95% CI 1.148-1.223) and Black or African American (HR 1.198, 95% CI 1.054-1.350) groups than the White group. CONCLUSIONS The unique features of a pandemic response program that supported community-wide access to free asymptomatic testing provide a unique opportunity to evaluate adherence to testing recommendations and testing trends over time. Identification of individual and group-level factors associated with testing behaviors can provide insights for identifying potential areas of improvement in future testing initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury E García
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alec J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Leslie Solis
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - María L Daza-Torres
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Brad H Pollock
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Miriam Nuño
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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Upenieks L, Kent BV, Nagaswami M, Gu Y, Kanaya AM, Shields AE. Do Religion and Spirituality Buffer the Effect of Childhood Trauma on Depressive Symptoms? Examination of a South Asian Cohort from the USA. J Relig Health 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02040-5. [PMID: 38600425 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Asian Americans have been identified as a racial group that is disproportionately affected by childhood trauma. The goal of this study was to assess if religion/spirituality moderate the effects of childhood trauma on adult depressive symptoms among a sample of South Asians in the USA. Our analysis drew from the study on stress, spirituality, and health (SSSH) questionnaire fielded in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (n = 990) during 2016-2018. A series of regression models with multiplicative interaction terms were conducted. Emotional neglect, emotional abuse, and physical neglect were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Higher religious attendance and negative religious coping techniques were found to exacerbate this relationship. There were two findings conditional on gender. Among men, gratitude and positive religious coping also exacerbated the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms. Negative religious coping also exacerbated the association between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms for women. This is the first community-based study of US South Asians to consider the association between various forms of childhood trauma and depressive symptom outcomes. South Asians remain an understudied group in the religion and health literature, and this study sheds light on the important differences in the function and effectiveness of religion/spirituality for those faced with early life trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Upenieks
- Department of Sociology, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97326, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
| | - Blake Victor Kent
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center On Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Nagaswami
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yue Gu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center On Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center On Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Boston, MA, USA
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Abdalla M, Abdalla S, Maurer LR, Ortega G, Abdalla M. American Black Authorship Has Decreased Across All Clinical Specialties Despite an Increasing Number of Black Physicians Between 1990 and 2020 in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:710-718. [PMID: 36877380 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives assume that attainment of a racially diverse healthcare workforce will translate to increased diversity elsewhere in the healthcare system (e.g., leadership roles or academic authorship). We sought to investigate these trends over time by examining the evolution of physician demographics in the USA, in concert with demographic changes in US authorship in US medical journals from 1990 to 2020 across 25 specialties. METHODS We reviewed all articles indexed in PubMed, with a primary author affiliation located in the USA and limited to journals based in the USA, relative to the proportion of medical professionals in the CMS National Provider Registry. We employed a previously peer-reviewed/validated algorithm called "averaging-of-proportions" that probabilistically predicts racial identity from surname using the US Census to assess the relationship between diversity among medical professionals and diversity in medical journal authorship. RESULTS Data reveals a sharp disconnect between the demographic breakdown of physicians and authors. Despite an increase in the number of Black physicians (from 8.5% in 2005 to 9.1% in 2020), there has been a decrease in Black early-career authorship from 7.2% in 1990 to 5.8% in 2020. The percentage of Black early-career authors across all specialties in 2020 is lower than the average per specialty in 1990. Similar trends were noted for Black senior authorship, decreasing from 7.6% in 1990 to 6.2% in 2020, as well as a plateau in Hispanic authorship over the same time interval despite an increasing number of Hispanic physicians. CONCLUSION Modest advances in physician diversity have not translated to increased diversity in academic authorship. Increasing diversity requires initiatives focused beyond recruitment of underrepresented minorities to medical schools or residencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Abdalla
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | - Salwa Abdalla
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lydia R Maurer
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Gezzer Ortega
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdalla
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Toronto, Canada
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Ashraf H, Nadeem ZA, Ashfaq H, Ahmed S, Ashraf A, Nashwan AJ. Mortality patterns in older adults with infective endocarditis in the US: A retrospective analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102455. [PMID: 38342352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective Endocarditis (IE) has become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality over the last two decades. Despite management advancements, mortality trends in the USA's geriatric population are unexplored. The aim of this study was to assess the trends and regional differences in IE related mortality among geriatric patients in the USA. METHODS We analyzed death certificates sourced from the CDC WONDER database spanning 1999 to 2020. The research targeted individuals aged 65 and older. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 and annual percent change (APC), along with 95% CI, were calculated through joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS From 1999 to 2020, infective endocarditis caused 222,573 deaths, showing a declining trend (APC: -0.8361). Males had higher AAMR (26.8) than females (22.2). NH White had the highest AAMR (25.8), followed by NH American Indians or Alaska Natives (19.6). Geographically, the Midwest had the highest AAMR (27.4), followed by the Northeast (25.8). Rural areas consistently had higher AAMRs (26.6) than urban areas (23.6), while 80.16% of deaths occurring in urban settings. North Dakota, Nebraska, and Montana had the highest state AAMRs, approximately double than the states with the lowest mortality rates: Mississippi, Hawaii, California, and Massachusetts. Those aged 85 and above accounted for 42.9% of deaths. CONCLUSION IE mortality exhibited a clear pattern: rising till 2004, declining from 2004 to 2018, and increasing again till 2020. Key risk factors were male gender, Midwest residence, NH White ethnicity, and age ≥85.Targeted interventions are essential to reduce IE mortality, especially among vulnerable older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ashraf
- Department of Cardiology, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ali Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ashfaq
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Sophia Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Pakistan
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Pace W, Oppong J. Trypanosoma Cruzi antibody screening in North Texas client owned dogs. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 49:101003. [PMID: 38462304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite multiple screening efforts to identify exposures to Trypanosoma cruzi, in dogs across southern USA, no published studies could be found involving client owned dogs in the North Texas Metroplex area. Therefore, a limited screen was conducted for client owned dogs, seeking routine or preventative care, from participating veterinary practices in the greater Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) Metroplex from 2019 to 2021. Participants, with owner consent, ranged in age, breed, and length of time at recorded residence. Ninety-nine samples were acquired from participating veterinary practices, initially assessed with the Chagas StatPak, and positive samples were confirmed with IFA (indirect fluorescent antibody test) at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Lab (TVMDL), College Station, Texas. Six samples were positive with the StatPak and only two were confirmed positive with IFA. Both animals were senior (10 and 8 years) with no owner reports of previous cardiac issues. The results appear reasonable within the context of previous studies and the seropositivity rate of 2% (n = 99) for client owned dogs included in this study are lower than previously reported rates for shelter dogs from the North Texas area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Pace
- University of North Texas, 1510 Chestnut St., Denton, TX 76201. USA.
| | - Joseph Oppong
- University of North Texas, 1510 Chestnut St., Denton, TX 76201. USA
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Hipple NK, Lentz TS, Lewis SD. The Influence of Routine Health care on Reoffending in a Sample of Gun Involved Youths. J Community Health 2024; 49:277-285. [PMID: 37932628 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of heightened concerns about gun violence and its impacts on youth, "what works" in gun violence prevention remains a critical public health concern. Gun violence prevention in the U.S. is increasingly interdisciplinary, involving both the criminal legal system and the health care system in developing an evidence base for promising programs and policies. The current study contributes to the literature by examining recidivism outcomes (i.e., rearrest) for a cohort of n = 409 Indianapolis youth involved in gun violence who were court-ordered to complete a health education-based prevention program called Project Life. The youth in our sample were predominantly from marginalized communities, all had been charged with a gun-involved or violence offense, 96% were detained by the juvenile justice system for some time, and 64% received at least one routine well check within five years prior to Project Life. Survival analyses of merged juvenile court records and health records show that routine health care (i.e., well visits) and completing the Project Life program were protective against recidivism, whereas time spent in detention increased risk. The findings provide evidence for the value of interdisciplinary approaches that include the health system in disrupting cycles of gun violence, while reducing the carceral footprint on youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore S Lentz
- Department of Criminal Justice & Criminology, Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stuart D Lewis
- Division of Geriatrics and Primary Care, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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Knapp PA, Soulé PT, Mitchell TJ, Catherwood AA, Lewis HS. Increasing radial growth in old-growth high-elevation conifers in Southern California, USA, during the exceptional "hot drought" of 2000-2020. Int J Biometeorol 2024; 68:743-748. [PMID: 38214750 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Hot droughts, droughts attributed to below-average precipitation and exceptional warmth, are increasingly common in the twenty-first century, yet little is known about their effect on coniferous tree growth because of their historical rarity. In much of the American West, including California, radial tree growth is principally driven by precipitation, and narrow ring widths are typically associated with either drier or drought conditions. However, for species growing at high elevations (e.g., Larix lyalli, Pinus albicaulis), growth can be closely aligned with above-average temperatures with maximum growth coinciding with meteorological drought, suggesting that the growth effects of drought span from adverse to beneficial depending on location. Here, we compare radial growth responses of three high-elevation old-growth pines (Pinus jeffreyi, P. lambertiana, and P. contorta) growing in the San Jacinto Mountains, California, during a twenty-first-century hot drought (2000-2020) largely caused by exceptional warmth and a twentieth-century drought (1959-1966) principally driven by precipitation deficits. Mean radial growth during the hot drought was 12% above average while 18% below average during the mid-century drought illustrating that the consequences of environmental stress exhibit spatiotemporal variability. We conclude that the effects of hot droughts on tree growth in high-elevation forests may produce responses different than what is commonly associated with extended dry periods for much of western North America's forested lands at lower elevational ranges and likely applies to other mountainous regions (e.g., Mediterranean Europe) defined by summer-dry conditions. Thus, the climatological/biological interactions discovered in Southern California may offer clues to the unique nature of high-elevation forested ecosystems globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Knapp
- Carolina Tree-Ring Science Laboratory, Department of Geography, Environment and Sustainability, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Peter T Soulé
- Appalachian Tree Ring Lab, Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Tyler J Mitchell
- Carolina Tree-Ring Science Laboratory, Department of Geography, Environment and Sustainability, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Avery A Catherwood
- Carolina Tree-Ring Science Laboratory, Department of Geography, Environment and Sustainability, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Hunter S Lewis
- Carolina Tree-Ring Science Laboratory, Department of Geography, Environment and Sustainability, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Lohr AM, Capetillo GP, Molina L, Goodson M, Smith K, Griffin JM, Wieland ML, Sia IG. Development of a Digital Storytelling Intervention to Increase Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening in the Hispanic/Latino Community: a Qualitative Evaluation. J Canc Educ 2024; 39:160-167. [PMID: 38044415 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Digital storytelling (DST) interventions may be one way to address disparities in cancer screening experienced by the Hispanic/Latino population. Digital stories are short, first-person narratives that include voice-over narration and images. With storytellers' permission, researchers can screen digital stories as a health intervention. Digital stories can inspire viewers to adopt or change their behavior, such as completing cancer screening. Rochester Healthy Community Partnership (a 20-year community-based participatory research partnership) together with eight Hispanic/Latino, Spanish speaking cancer survivors, co-survivors, or recently screened individuals, developed digital stories about breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. Here, we describe our qualitative evaluation of the DST workshop. To understand what the storytellers thought viewers would find relatable in their digital stories, we applied Narrative Theory. We also assessed workshop successes and opportunities for improvement. We used the constant comparative method for data analysis. We learned that the storytellers anticipated their stories would be engaging and that viewers would connect with Hispanic/Latino cultural values. During the workshop, the storytellers felt like they were making an important contribution. The storytellers highlighted specific opportunities for improvement including sharing the stories more quickly after the workshop. Future research is needed to test whether this intervention follows the Narrative Theory causal pathway by persuading viewers to complete recommended cancer screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby M Lohr
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Luz Molina
- Community Based Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Miriam Goodson
- Community Based Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Smith
- Community Based Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joan M Griffin
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark L Wieland
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irene G Sia
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Rush B, Ziegler J, Dyck S, Dhaliwal S, Mooney O, Lother S, Celi LA, Mendelson A. Disparities in access and timing of interventional therapies for pulmonary embolism across the United States. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00171-5. [PMID: 38554934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventional therapies (IT) are an emerging treatment modality for pulmonary embolism, however the degree of racial, sex-based and sociodemographic disparities in access and timing is unknown. METHODS A retrospective cohort study utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2016-2020 included adult patients with PE. The use of IT (mechanical thrombectomy and catheter-directed thrombolysis) was identified via ICD10 code. Early IT was defined as procedure within the first 2 days after admission. RESULTS A total of 27,805,273 records from the 2016-2020 NIS samples were examined. There were 387,514 (1.4%) patients with PE, with 14,249 (3.6%) of them undergoing IT procedures (11,115 catheter-directed thrombolysis, 2,314 thrombectomy, 780 both procedures). After multivariate adjustment, factors associated with less use of IT included: Black race (OR 0.90, 0.86-0.94, p<0.01), Hispanic race (OR 0.73, 0.68-0.79, p<0.01), female sex (OR 0.88, 0.85-0.91, p<0.01), treatment in a rural hospital (OR 0.49, 0.44-0.54, p<0.01), and lack of private insurance (Medicare OR 0.77, 0.73-0.80 p<0.01, Medicaid OR 0.65, 0.61-0.69 p<0.01, No coverage OR 0.87, 0.82-0.93, p<0.01). Of the patients who received IT, 11,315 (79%) of these were conducted within 2 days of admission, and 2,934 (21%) were delayed. Factors associated with delayed procedures include Black race (OR 1.12, 1.01-1.26, p=0.04), Hispanic race (OR 1.52, 1.28-1.80, p<0.01), weekend admission (OR 1.37, 1.25-1.51, p<0.01), Medicare coverage (OR 1.24, 1.10-1.40, p<0.01), and Medicaid coverage (OR 1.29, 1.12-1.49, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Significant racial, sex-based and geographic barriers exist in overall access to IT for PE in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barret Rush
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA.
| | - Jennifer Ziegler
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
| | - Stephanie Dyck
- Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
| | - Surinder Dhaliwal
- Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
| | - Owen Mooney
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
| | - Sylvain Lother
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
| | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
| | - Asher Mendelson
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
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Liu AY, Alleyne CD, Doblecki-Lewis S, Koester KA, Gonzalez R, Vinson J, Scott H, Buchbinder S, Torres TS. Adapting mHealth Interventions (PrEPmate and DOT Diary) to Support PrEP Retention in Care and Adherence Among English and Spanish-Speaking Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in the United States: Formative Work and Pilot Randomized Trial. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e54073. [PMID: 38536232 PMCID: PMC11007601 DOI: 10.2196/54073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of mobile health (mHealth) technologies are being developed to support HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence and persistence; however, most tools have focused on men who have sex with men (MSM), and few are available in Spanish. To maximize the potential impact of these tools in reducing gender and racial/ethnic disparities and promoting health equity, mHealth tools tailored to Spanish-speaking people and transgender women are critically needed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to adapt and tailor 2 mHealth technologies, PrEPmate and DOT Diary, to support daily PrEP adherence and persistence among Spanish-speaking MSM and English- and Spanish-speaking transgender women and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of these tools. METHODS PrEPmate, an interactive, bidirectional, text messaging intervention that promotes personalized communication between PrEP users and providers, and DOT Diary, a mobile app that promotes self-management of PrEP use and sexual health through an integrated electronic pill-taking and sexual activity diary, were previously developed for English-speaking MSM. We conducted 3 focus groups with 15 English- and Spanish-speaking transgender women and MSM in San Francisco and Miami to culturally tailor these tools for these priority populations. We then conducted a 1-month technical pilot among 21 participants to assess the usability and acceptability of the adapted interventions and optimize the functionality of these tools. RESULTS Participants in focus groups liked the "human touch" of text messages in PrEPmate and thought it would be helpful for scheduling appointments and asking questions. They liked the daily reminder messages, especially the fun facts, gender affirmations, and transgender history topics. Participants recommended changes to tailor the language and messages for Spanish-speaking and transgender populations. For DOT Diary, participants liked the adherence tracking and protection level feedback and thought the calendar functions were easy to use. Based on participant recommendations, we tailored language within the app for Spanish-speaking MSM and transgender women, simplified the sexual diary, and added motivational badges. In the technical pilot of the refined tools, mean System Usability Scale scores were 81.2/100 for PrEPmate and 76.4/100 for DOT Diary (P=.48), falling in the "good" to "excellent" range, and mean Client Satisfaction Questionnaire scores were 28.6 and 28.3 for PrEPmate and DOT Diary, respectively (maximum possible score=32). Use of both tools was high over the 1-month pilot (average of 10.5 messages received from each participant for PrEPmate; average of 17.6 times accessing the DOT Diary app), indicating good feasibility for both tools. CONCLUSIONS Using a user-centered design approach, we culturally tailored PrEPmate and DOT Diary to support daily PrEP use among Spanish-speaking MSM and English- and Spanish-speaking transgender women. Our positive findings in a technical pilot support further testing of these mHealth interventions in an upcoming comparative effectiveness trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Y Liu
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Cat-Dancing Alleyne
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susanne Doblecki-Lewis
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kimberly A Koester
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rafael Gonzalez
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Janie Vinson
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hyman Scott
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susan Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thiago S Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Jesudoss Chelladurai JRJ, Quintana TA, Johnson WL, Schmidt C, Righter D, Howey E. Cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in the USA. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:128. [PMID: 38486339 PMCID: PMC10938798 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endemic domestic dog-ruminant cycles and human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus have been sporadically reported in the United States. However, there is a paucity of molecular data describing the genotypes and haplotypes of this important cestode in domestic ruminant hosts. METHODS Ninety-four cysts from the lungs and/or livers of slaughtered beef cattle (76 samples), dairy cows (five samples) and sheep (13 samples) were collected from abattoirs in four states of the USA. Samples were genotyped at two mitochondrial loci, cox1 and nad5. Sequences were used to determine species, genotypes and haplotypes using median joining networks and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Cyst fertility was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Additionally, previously reported autochthonous E. granulosus infections in the USA in various hosts were mapped. RESULTS Based on cox1 sequences obtained from 94 cysts, 89 (94.7%) were identified as E. granulosus G1/G3, while five (5.3%) were Taenia hydatigena. Taenia hydatigena were only isolated from sheep. Based on nad5 sequences obtained from 89 hydatid cysts, 96.6% and 3.4% belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 respectively. Two haplotypes were found among E. granulosus cox1 sequences, neither of which was geographically unique. Six haplotypes were found among nad5 sequences in genotype G1, of which five were novel, while one haplotype was found in genotype G3. In the concatenated cox1-nad5 dataset, seven haplotypes were identified, of which six were geographically unique. All cysts from cattle were non-fertile. Four cysts from sheep were fertile. CONCLUSIONS All genotyped samples belonged to E. granulosus s.s. This is the first study to our knowledge to confirm the presence of genotypes G1 and G3 in domestic cattle and sheep intermediate hosts in the USA and provide data for future diagnostic and epidemiological studies. Sequences have been deposited in GenBank (cox1 sequences: OR398494-OR398496, nad5 sequences: OR400695-OR400702).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeba R J Jesudoss Chelladurai
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Theresa A Quintana
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - William L Johnson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Carrie Schmidt
- Pathology Branch, Eastern Laboratory, Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United State Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Righter
- Pathology Branch, Eastern Laboratory, Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United State Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Erin Howey
- Pathology Branch, Eastern Laboratory, Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United State Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
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Usman O, Ozkan O, Alola AA, Ghardallou W. Energy security-related risks and the quest to attain USA's net-zero emissions targets by 2050: a dynamic ARDL simulations modeling approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:18797-18812. [PMID: 38349497 PMCID: PMC10924034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The Russia-Ukraine war and other similar conflicts across the globe have heightened risks to the United States of America's (USA's) energy security. However, little is known about the severity of the effect of energy security risks on the USA's quest to attain net-zero emissions targets by 2050. To this end, we examine the effect of energy security risks on the load capacity factor (LCF) in the USA. Employing a time series dataset spinning from 1970 to 2018, the results of the Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) simulations model suggest that energy security-related risk hampers the long-term net-zero emissions targets with its effect decreasing over time until it varnishes in about 5 years time. The results also show that foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, renewable energy consumption, and green technology have long- and short-run positive effects on the LCF. Conversely, economic expansion and urbanization impede environmental quality by lowering the LCF both in the long run and short run. These findings are upheld by the outcomes of the multivariate quantile-on-quantile regression. Therefore, the study advocates for the consumption of renewable energy, investment in green technologies, and FDI inflows to mitigate energy security-related risks and attain the net-zero emissions targets by 2050 in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojonugwa Usman
- Department of Economics, Istanbul Ticaret University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Research Center of Development Economics, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, AZ1001, Azerbaijan.
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Oktay Ozkan
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Andrew Adewale Alola
- CREDS-Centre for Research On Digitalization and Sustainability, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Innlandet, Norway
- Faculty of Economics, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wafa Ghardallou
- Department of Accounting, College of Business Administration, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Lian C, Pei J, Zheng S, Li B. How does trade policy uncertainty affect green innovation in the USA and China? A nonlinear perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:19615-19634. [PMID: 38363502 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Green innovations are the most critical factor in promoting environmental sustainability worldwide. Trade can speed up the adoption of green innovations by facilitating the transfer of information, skills, and technology. However, trade policy uncertainty can create significant challenges for businesses investing in eco-innovations, leading to increased risk, reduced investment, and slower progress toward sustainable technologies. Recently, a growing number of researchers have shown their interest in finding the factors that can impact green innovations, but none have investigated the influence of trade policy uncertainty on green innovations in the USA and China. In addition, none of the past studies has relied on the nonlinear assumption. This analysis fills these gaps by examining the nonlinear impacts of trade policy uncertainty on eco-innovations in China and the USA over 2000Q1-2021Q4 by employing a nonlinear ARDL model. The finding reveals that a positive shock in trade policy uncertainty results in a decrease in green innovation in the USA and China, while a negative shock in trade policy uncertainty leads to an increase in green innovation in the USA over the long run. The nonlinear models also indicate that a positive shock in trade policy uncertainty harms green innovation in both the USA and China in the short run. The robustness of these results is confirmed by the NQARDL model, which confirms that an upsurge in trade policy uncertainty lowers green innovation in most quantiles in the USA and China in the short and long run. Conversely, negative shocks in trade policy uncertainty stimulate green innovation at most quantiles in both China and the USA, in the short and long run. Thus, policymakers need to consider the potential impact of trade policies on eco-innovations and work to create stable and predictable trade environments that support the growth of renewable technologies and other sustainable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lian
- School of Marxism, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jinping Pei
- Business School, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Shiyong Zheng
- Business School, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Biqing Li
- Business School, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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17
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Mali A, Kuvar V, Bharadwaj S. Bridging the Gap: A Comparative Investigation of Pharmaceutical Excipient Regulations. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2024; 58:258-272. [PMID: 38055157 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-023-00597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the awareness of adverse effects associated with pharmaceutical excipients in drug formulations, these excipients are no longer considered inert substances. Numerous countries have recognized the potential risks that they pose to patients and have implemented diverse regulations to evaluate their safety, compatibility, toxicity, and quality. Regulatory authorities have proactively implemented measures to evaluate excipients and have formulated comprehensive guidelines that manufacturers are obligated to follow. This review primarily highlights the different provisions governing the utilization of excipients in drug formulation by regulatory authorities worldwide. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that there are still many countries that do not perceive excipients as posing a potential threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Mali
- Department of Drug Regulatory Affairs, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India.
| | - Vijaykumar Kuvar
- Department of Drug Regulatory Affairs, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Saily Bharadwaj
- Department of Drug Regulatory Affairs, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
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18
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Gutin I. Diagnosing social ills: Theorising social determinants of health as a diagnostic category. Sociol Health Illn 2024; 46:110-131. [PMID: 36748959 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medicine, as an institution and discipline, has embraced social determinants of health as a key influence on clinical practice and care. Beyond simply acknowledging their importance, most recent versions of the International Classification of Diseases explicitly codify social determinants as a viable diagnostic category. This diagnostic shift is noteworthy in the United States, where 'Z-codes' were introduced to facilitate the documentation of illiteracy, unemployment, poverty and other social factors impacting health. Z-codes hold promise in addressing patients' social needs, but there are likely consequences to medicalising social determinants. In turn, this article provides a critical appraisal of Z-codes, focussing on the role of diagnoses as both constructive and counterproductive sources of legitimacy, knowledge and responsibility in our collective understanding of health. Diagnosis codes for social determinants are powerful bureaucratic tools for framing and responding to psychosocial risks commensurate with biophysiological symptoms; however, they potentially reinforce beliefs about the centrality of individuals for addressing poor health at the population level. I contend that Z-codes demonstrate the limited capacity of diagnoses to capture the complex individual and social aetiology of health, and that sociology benefits from looking further 'upstream' to identify the structural forces constraining the scope and utility of diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Gutin
- The University of Texas at Austin Population Research Center and Center on Aging and Population Sciences, Austin, Texas, USA
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Jordan SP. Compelling care: A grounded theory of transmasculine self-defense and collective protection at the clinic. Soc Sci Med 2024; 345:116638. [PMID: 38364718 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite formidable inequities in health care systems, transgender people are accessing clinical services in record numbers and gaining recognition as a patient population. This article examines how transgender people are negotiating their care and, in so doing, challenging patterns of marginalization and exclusion. Interviews with twenty-six transmasculine adults were collected and analyzed in the context of a community-led initiative foregrounding low-income people and people of color in Los Angeles County using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Participants gained agency in clinical settings by compelling care, a grounded theory that explains how patients contest medical authority and shift power through everyday acts to defend themselves and future patients. Histories of mistreatment and unequal social power drive patients to engage with health care providers judiciously and with a sense of social responsibility. In tracing seemingly decentralized acts of self-defense (e.g., vetting providers, disrupting gender norms, directing treatment), the study shows how patients rely on community resources and marshal collective protection. The theory recasts patients as constitutive actors in a changing landscape of care and as integral to, and one of many fronts of, collective struggle. In turn, the study lends theoretical insights to anti-racist understandings of medical mistrust andoffers a depathologized framework toward the development of community-building health equity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sid P Jordan
- Portland State University, School of Social Work, 1800 SW 6th Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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Cordova D, Bauermeister JA, Warner S, Wells P, MacLeod J, Neilands TB, Mendoza Lua F, Delva J, Fessler KB, Smith V, Khreizat S, Boyer C. Efficacy of a Digital Health Preventive Intervention for Adolescents With HIV or Sexually Transmitted Infections and Substance Use Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e47216. [PMID: 38373025 PMCID: PMC10912993 DOI: 10.2196/47216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV or sexually transmitted infections remain a significant public health concern in the United States, with adolescents affected disproportionately. Adolescents engage in HIV/STI risk behaviors, including drug use and condomless sex, which increase the risk for HIV/STIs. At-risk adolescents, many of whom are racial minorities, experience HIV/STI disparities. Although at-risk adolescents are disproportionately affected by HIV/STI risk behaviors and infections and although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends routine HIV/STI testing for adolescents, relatively few adolescents report having ever been tested for HIV/STI. With expected increases in health clinic visits as a result of the Affordable Care Act combined with technological advances, health clinics and mobile health (mHealth), including apps, provide innovative contexts and tools to engage at-risk adolescents in HIV/STI prevention programs. Yet, there is a dearth of efficacious mHealth interventions in health clinics to prevent and reduce both condomless sex and drug use and increase HIV/STI testing for at-risk adolescents. OBJECTIVE To address this gap in knowledge, we developed a theory-driven, culturally congruent mHealth intervention (hereon referred to as S4E [Storytelling 4 Empowerment]) that has demonstrated feasibility and acceptability in a clinical setting. The next step is to examine the preliminary efficacy of S4E on adolescent HIV/STI testing and risk behaviors. This goal will be accomplished by 2 aims: the first aim is to develop a cross-platform and universal version of S4E. The cross-platform and universal version of S4E will be compatible with both iOS and Android operating systems and multiple mobile devices, aimed at providing adolescents with ongoing access to the intervention once they leave the clinic, and the second aim is to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of S4E, relative to usual care control condition, in preventing or reducing drug use and condomless sex and increasing HIV/STI testing in a clinical sample of at-risk adolescents aged 14-21 years living in Southeast Michigan. METHODS In this study, 100 adolescents recruited from a youth-centered community health clinic will be randomized via blocked randomization with random sequences of block sizes to one of the 2 conditions: S4E mHealth intervention or usual care. Theory-driven and culturally congruent, S4E is an mHealth adaptation of face-to-face storytelling for empowerment, which is registered with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices. RESULTS This paper describes the protocol of our study. The recruitment began on May 1, 2018. This study was registered on December 11, 2017, in ClinicalTrials.gov. All participants have been recruited. Data analysis will be complete by the end of March 2024, with study findings available by December 2024. CONCLUSIONS This study has the potential to improve public health by preventing HIV/STI and substance use disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03368456; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03368456. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/47216.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cordova
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - José A Bauermeister
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sydni Warner
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Jennifer MacLeod
- Livingston Physician Organization, Livingston, MI, United States
| | - Torsten B Neilands
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Frania Mendoza Lua
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jorge Delva
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Sarah Khreizat
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cherrie Boyer
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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21
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Dowd JB, Doniec K, Zhang L, Tilstra A. US exceptionalism? International trends in midlife mortality. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae024. [PMID: 38508869 PMCID: PMC10954513 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising midlife mortality in the USA has raised concerns, particularly the increase in 'deaths of despair' (due to drugs, alcohol and suicide). Life expectancy is also stalling in other countries such as the UK, but how trends in midlife mortality are evolving outside the USA is less understood. We provide a synthesis of cause-specific mortality trends in midlife (25-64 years of age) for the USA and the UK as well as other high-income and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. METHODS We document trends in midlife mortality in the USA, UK and a group of 13 high-income countries in Western Europe, Australia, Canada and Japan, as well as seven CEE countries from 1990 to 2019. We use annual mortality data from the World Health Organization Mortality Database to analyse sex- and age-specific (25-44, 45-54 and 55-64 years) age-standardized death rates across 15 major cause-of-death categories. RESULTS US midlife mortality rates have worsened since 1990 for several causes of death including drug-related, alcohol-related, suicide, metabolic diseases, nervous system diseases, respiratory diseases and infectious/parasitic diseases. Deaths due to homicide, transport accidents and cardiovascular diseases have declined since 1990 but saw recent increases or stalling of improvements. Midlife mortality also increased in the UK for people aged 45-54 year and in Canada, Poland and Sweden among for those aged 25-44 years. CONCLUSIONS The USA is increasingly falling behind not only high-income, but also CEE countries, some of which were heavily impacted by the post-socialist mortality crisis of the 1990s. Although levels of midlife mortality in the UK are substantially lower than those in the USA overall, there are signs that UK midlife mortality is worsening relative to that in Western Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Beam Dowd
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katarzyna Doniec
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luyin Zhang
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - Andrea Tilstra
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Fulay AP, Lee JM, Baylin A, Wolfson JA, Leung CW. Associations between food insecurity and diabetes risk factors in US adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e68. [PMID: 38343166 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between household food insecurity and diabetes risk factors among lower-income US adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. Household food security status was measured using the 18-item Food Security Survey Module. Simple and multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to assess the association between food security status and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1C and homoeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The analyses were adjusted for household and adolescent demographic and health characteristics. SETTING USA. PARTICIPANTS 3412 US adolescents aged 12-19 years with household incomes ≤300 % of the federal poverty line from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2007-2016. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of marginal food security was 15·4 % and of food insecurity was 32·9 %. After multivariate adjustment, adolescents with food insecurity had a 0·04 % higher HbA1C (95 % CI 0·00, 0·09, P-value = 0·04) than adolescents with food security. There was also a significant overall trend between severity of food insecurity and higher HbA1C (Ptrend = 0·045). There were no significant mean differences in adolescents' FPG, OGTT or HOMA-IR by household food security. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity was associated with slightly higher HbA1c in a 10-year sample of lower-income US adolescents aged 12-19 years; however, other associations with diabetes risk factors were not significant. Overall, this suggests slight evidence for an association between food insecurity and diabetes risk in US adolescents. Further investigation is warranted to examine this association over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarohee P Fulay
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 N. Bellefield Ave., Pittsburgh, PA15213, USA
| | - Joyce M Lee
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia A Wolfson
- Departments of International Health and Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Cooper-Ohm S, Habecker P, Humeniuk R, Bevins RA. Factors associated with gaps in naloxone knowledge: evidence from a 2022 great plains survey. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:37. [PMID: 38336722 PMCID: PMC10858634 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-00954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of fast-acting opioids in the USA suggests the increased need for non-professional first responder administration of naloxone. Effective administration of naloxone during an overdose requires that bystanders are familiar with, have access to, and know how to use naloxone. METHODS Drawing on a statewide, address-based sample of Nebraskan adults, we used logistic regression to predict the likelihood of respondents' familiarity with, access to, and competency to administer naloxone. Our independent variables included measures indicating proximity to drug use, perceived community stigma toward people who use drugs, and demographic data. RESULTS There were significant gaps in naloxone knowledge in Nebraska. Although 74.8% of respondents were familiar with naloxone, only 18.2% knew how to access it and 18.0% knew how to use it. Being close to an overdose experience, lifetime illicit opioid use, being close to a person who uses opioids, and having access to illicit opioids were not significantly associated with naloxone familiarity, access, or competency among respondents in Nebraska's two largest cities, Omaha and Lincoln. Outside of these cities, being close to a past overdose experience and access to illicit opioids was associated with higher odds of naloxone access and competency, but lifetime opioid use and being close to a person who uses opioids were not. Finally, among those familiar with naloxone, a higher perception of community stigma toward people who use opioids generally was associated with lower odds of naloxone access and competency. Higher perception of community stigma toward people who use heroin, methamphetamines, and cocaine, however, was associated with higher odds of naloxone access. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the continued need for education on naloxone with a specific focus on access and competency to further reduce opioid-related overdose deaths. Specific focus should be placed on promoting naloxone knowledge among people with a higher likelihood of needing to administer naloxone to reduce otherwise avoidable deaths. Further work is needed to understand differences in the relationship between substance-specific perceived stigma and its association with naloxone access.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Habecker
- Rural Drug Addiction Research Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Oldfather Hall - 4th Floor, 660 N 12th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
| | - Ryan Humeniuk
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Rick A Bevins
- Rural Drug Addiction Research Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Oldfather Hall - 4th Floor, 660 N 12th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
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24
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Okoli U, Ogunsola AS, Adeniyi Z, Abdulkadir A, DeMetropolis SM, Olatunji EA, Karaye IM. Regional and Demographic Disparities in Atrial Fibrillation Mortality in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01917-1. [PMID: 38300428 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the burden of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) in the USA, an assessment of contemporary mortality trends is scarce in the literature. This study aimed to assess the temporal trends in AF/AFL deaths among US adults by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and census region from 1999 to 2020. METHODS National mortality data was abstracted from the National Center for Health Statistics to identify decedents whose underlying cause of death was cardiovascular disease and multiple cause of death, AF/AFL. Joinpoint regression assessed mortality trends, and we calculated the average percentage changes (APC) and average annual percentage changes in mortality rates. Results were presented as effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Between 1999 and 2020, 657,126 adults died from AF/AFL in the USA. Contemporary trends have worsened overall except among individuals from the Northeast region for whom the rates have remained stationary since 2015 (APC = 0.1; 95% CI, - 1.0, 1.1). Regional and demographic disparities were observed, with higher rates noted among younger persons below 65 years of age, women (APC = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.7, 2.5), and non-Hispanic Blacks (APC = 4.5; 95% CI, 3.9, 5.2). CONCLUSIONS The temporal trends in AF/AFL mortality in the USA have exhibited a worsening pattern in recent years, with regional and demographic disparities. Further investigations are warranted to explore the determinants of AF/AFL mortality in the US population and identify factors that may explain the observed differences. Understanding these factors will facilitate efforts to promote improved and equitable health outcomes for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unoma Okoli
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 330 Mount Auburn St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Ayobami S Ogunsola
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Zahira Adeniyi
- Department of Population Health, Hofstra University, 106 Hofstra Dome, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Aisha Abdulkadir
- Department of Population Health, Hofstra University, 106 Hofstra Dome, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Susan M DeMetropolis
- Department of Speech, & Hearing Sciences, Hofstra University, Davison Hall 0106C, LanguageHempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Eniola A Olatunji
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Rd, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA
| | - Ibraheem M Karaye
- Department of Population Health, Hofstra University, 106 Hofstra Dome, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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25
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Psaras C, Regan A, Nianogo R, Arah OA, Seamans MJ. The impact of maternal pertussis vaccination recommendation on infant pertussis incidence and mortality in the USA: an interrupted time series analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyad161. [PMID: 38041469 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pertussis is a contagious respiratory disease. Maternal tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccination during pregnancy has been recommended by the United States Centres for Disease Control (US CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for unvaccinated pregnant women since October 2011 to prevent infection among infants; in 2012, ACIP extended this recommendation to every pregnancy, regardless of previous vaccination status. The population-level effect of these recommendations on infant pertussis is unknown. This study aimed to examine the impact of the 2011/2012 ACIP pertussis recommendation on pertussis incidence and mortality among US infants. METHODS We used monthly data on pertussis deaths among infants aged <1 year between January 2005 and December 2017 in the CDC Death Data and yearly infant pertussis incidence data from the CDC National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System to perform an interrupted time series analysis, accounting for the passage of the Affordable Care Act. RESULTS This study included 156 months of data. A potential decline in trend in infant pertussis incidence was noted during the post-recommendations period. No appreciable differences in trend were found in population-level infant pertussis mortality after the guideline changes in both adjusted and unadjusted models. Results were similar for all mortality sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS The 2011/2012 ACIP maternal pertussis vaccination recommendations were not associated with a population-level change in the trend in mortality, but were potentially associated with a decrease in incidence in the USA between 2005 and 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Psaras
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annette Regan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roch Nianogo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, UCLA College, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Unit for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marissa J Seamans
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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26
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Leung C, Konya L, Su L. Postpandemic immunity debt of influenza in the USA and England: an interrupted time series study. Public Health 2024; 227:239-242. [PMID: 38246119 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The concept of "immunity debt" has gained attention in the public sphere, and some have argued that the recent out-of-season resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus demonstrates the presence of immunity debt. This study investigates the existence of immunity debt in the context of influenza. STUDY DESIGN Interrupted time series analysis. METHODS The positivity rate of influenza in the USA and England was gathered from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the UK Health Security Agency. A time series model with an autoregressive approach was used to model the dynamics of positivity rate. Binary indicator variables were included in the model to account for the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and immunity debt. RESULTS The impact of NPIs and immunity debt on the positivity rate of influenza was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This present work provides evidence supporting the existence of immunity debt in influenza in both the USA and England in the immediate month following the removal of NPIs such as lockdowns and facemask mandates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leung
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - L Konya
- Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Su
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Tamplain P, Miller HL, Peavy D, Cermak S, Williams J, Licari M. The impact for DCD - USA study: The current state of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in the United States of America. Res Dev Disabil 2024; 145:104658. [PMID: 38176290 PMCID: PMC10840388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is among the most under-recognized and under-supported disorders worldwide. AIMS To present a preliminary national study that evaluated the unmet needs of children with DCD in the USA using the Impact for DCD survey. METHODS AND PROCEDURES 232 parents of individuals aged 5-18 years provided responses from 36 items in five domains (diagnosis, activity/participation, education, therapy, and social/emotional health). OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Most children (81.9%) had a formal diagnosis for movement difficulties, and 91.6% of parents reported that receiving a diagnosis was helpful, but most had not heard of the diagnosis before. The most common co-occurring diagnoses were childhood apraxia of speech and other speech-language disorders (24.6%), ADHD (23.1%), and anxiety (18.8%). Most parents reported that their children withdrew from or avoided movement-related activities (53%), and nearly all (94.8%) were concerned about the impact of motor difficulties on their children's social and emotional health. Only 37% of parents reported feeling that their child received sufficient therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Generally, parents reported feeling frustrated with others' understanding and awareness of the condition and with therapy services. The results shown here provide timely data that can support efforts for increased awareness, improved diagnosis, and increased availability of services for DCD in the USA.
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28
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Fuller MR, Detenbeck NE, Leinenbach P, Labiosa R, Isaak D. Spatial and Temporal Variability in Stream Thermal Regime Drivers for Three River Networks During the Summer Growing Season. J Am Water Resour Assoc 2024; 60:57-78. [PMID: 38377341 PMCID: PMC10631548 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Many cold-water dependent aquatic organisms are experiencing habitat and population declines from increasing water temperatures. Identifying mechanisms which drive local and regional stream thermal regimes facilitates restoration at ecologically relevant scales. Stream temperatures vary spatially and temporally both within and among river basins. We developed a modeling process to identify statistical relationships between drivers of stream temperature and covariates representing landscape, climate, and management-related processes. The modeling process was tested in 3 study areas of the Pacific Northwest USA during the growing season (May [start], August [warmest], September [end]). Across all months and study systems, covariates with the highest relative importance represented the physical landscape (elevation [1st], catchment area [3rd], main channel slope [5th]) and climate covariates (mean monthly air temperature [2nd] and discharge [4th]). Two management covariates (ground water use [6th] and riparian shade [7th]) also had high relative importance. Across the growing season (for all basins) local reach slope had high relative importance in May, but transitioned to a regional main channel slope covariate in August and September. This modeling process identified regionally similar and locally unique relationships among drivers of stream temperature. High relative importance of management-related covariates suggested potential restoration actions for each system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Fuller
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Postdoc at the Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA [Currently: Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA]
| | - Naomi E Detenbeck
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Peter Leinenbach
- Region 10, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rochelle Labiosa
- Region 10, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel Isaak
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, Idaho, USA
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29
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Alkhatib D, Shi Z, Ganji V. Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:382. [PMID: 38337667 PMCID: PMC10857224 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland produces hormones that are essential for various body functions. Hypothyroidism is defined as insufficient thyroid hormone production. Several studies have found associations between specific micronutrients and overall thyroid function; however, the amount of evidence regarding the relationship between dietary patterns and hypothyroidism among the U.S. population is limited. Data from three cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012, were used (n = 8317). Subjects with serum thyroid stimulating hormone >4.5 mIU/L or on levothyroxine were considered to have hypothyroidism. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and several lifestyle factors were considered as covariates. Three patterns were extracted using factor analysis. These were labeled as fat-processed grains-sugars-meats (FPSM), oils-nuts-potatoes-low-fat meats (ONPL), and fruits-whole grains-vegetables-dairy (FWVD) patterns. In a weighted multiple logistic regression, FPSM and ONPL were inversely associated with hypothyroidism (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57-1; p = 0.049 and OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.97; p = 0.025, respectively). However, FWVD demonstrated no association with hypothyroidism (p = 0.63). In conclusion, FPSM and ONPL patterns but not FWVD patterns were associated with hypothyroidism in U.S. adults. Nutrient deficiencies and their interactions may be linked to hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Alkhatib
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (D.A.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (D.A.); (Z.S.)
| | - Vijay Ganji
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, 1050 Wishard Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Tallon MJ, Kalman DS. The Regulatory Challenges of Placing Dietary Ingredients on the European and US Market. J Diet Suppl 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38269549 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2308261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The DSHEA is 30 years old and its place in providing legitimate protections for public health through relevant agency oversight has created a patchwork of legal and scientific requirements. In contrast, the European Union has rules on supplements and permitted ingredients. Given the context of a global supply chain for food ingredients any conflict between the legality of ingredients between the U.S/EU can inhibit the economic viability of international trade. The purpose of this review is to contrast these different systems of legislative oversight. The analysis of both markets demonstrates a fragmentation in what are considered legal food ingredients between country wide harmonization and state rules and related interpretation. There are many commonalities in this regard between the U.S/EU, from borderline medicinal classifications to their resultant preclusion from food use. However, the codified legal system existing within the EU and excessive guidance can be viewed as time consuming and inflexible, especially for placing new ingredients on the market. The US in contrast is in a holding pattern for legislative interpretation regarding NDIs, GRAS and possible drug preclusion laws. As we hit the anniversary of the DSHEA recent commentary from U.S./EU central authorities point to increased international co-operation in ingredient safety assessments but whether this results in friction-free access between markets is to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tallon
- Scientific & Regulatory Division, Legal Products Group, Ely, UK
| | - D S Kalman
- Dr. Kiran C Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Substantiation Sciences, Inc, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
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31
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Kumar M, Torrance T, McAvoy T, Bag S. Natural occurrence of tomato chlorosis virus on tomatillo ( Physalis philadelphica) in the United States. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38252091 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-23-2628-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica L.) is an annual plant native to Mexico and Guatemala, and cultivated in other tropical and subtropical regions. In October 2023, tomatillo plants with interveinal yellowing of leaves, marginal chlorosis, leaf thickening, and leaf rolling symptoms (Figure 1) were observed at Colquitt and Tift County, Georgia, US. The disease incidence ranged from 80-100 % which reduced fruit quality and marketability. Twenty tomatillo leaves exhibiting severe symptoms were collected, and, sub-sampled of the leaves were pooled into microcentrifuge tubes. Further, MagMAX 96 viral RNA isolation kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, US), was used for the extraction of (n=4) total nucleic acid (TNA) (Kavalappara et al. 2021). Symptomatic leaves were tested for the presence of insect-transmitted viruses such as begomovirus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV), potyvirus (turnip mosaic virus, TuMV), crinivirus (tomato infectious chlorosis virus, TICV; tomato chlorosis virus, ToCV), and tospovirus (orthotospovirus tomatomaculae, TSWV). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for detecting TYLCV, using gene-specific primers (Kumar et al., 2023). However, for ToCV, TuMV and TICV detection, cDNA was prepared using 100 ng of TNA as a template, followed by the PCR ( Liu et al., 2012). Moreover, the detection of TSWV was conducted using immuno-strips (Adgia, US) following the manufacturer's instructions. ToCV was detected from all the tested samples, while TuMV, TICV, TYLCV and TSWV were not detected in any symptomatic tissues. In addition, RT-PCR was performed using gene-specific primers targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene and the heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene of ToCV. The PCR amplicon of 439 bp encoding Hsp70 and 643 bp corresponding to RdRP was gel-purified and Sanger sequenced (Azenta Life Sciences, US). BLASTn analysis shows RdRP gene from ToCV-tomatillo (OR905600) has 100 % identity with ToCV of RNA1 segment (RdRP, GenBank accession no. AY903447, Florida, US), while Hsp70 gene (OR900219) has 100 % identity with ToCV of RNA2 segment (Hsp70, GenBank accession no. LC778246, Cairo, Egypt). In addition, the symptomatic tomatillo leaves were studied for transmission assay using tomato, employing non-viruliferous whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) with 48 h of acquisition access period. Further, two weeks post-infection, the presence of ToCV was detected from the test plants while other whitefly-transmitted viruses remins undetected. In 2023, ToCV is widespread in tomato-growing counties, infecting commercially grown tomato cultivars with intermediate resistance against TYLCV-IL (Israel strain). However, tomatillo plants infected with TuMV in California (Liu et al., 2012), TSWV in Georgia, (Díaz-Pérez and Pappu 2000) and TYLCV in Mexico (Gámez-Jiménez et al. 2009) were reported. This study suggests that tomatillo could be a permissive host for ToCV while restrictive to other prevalent viruses in the region. A recent investigation speculates a potential synergistic interaction between ToCV and TYLCV-IL, exacerbating the breakdown of host resistance in tomato (Fiallo-Olivé et al. 2019, Kumar et al. 2023). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for the natural incidence of ToCV on tomatillo within the US. The findings will contribute to developing more effective management strategies against emerging viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- University of Georgia - Tifton Campus, 117299, Plant Pathology, Tifton, Georgia, United States;
| | - Ty Torrance
- University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 96665, Extension Service , 1468 Carpenter Road South, Tifton, Georgia, United States, 31793;
| | - Theodore McAvoy
- University of Georgia - Tifton Campus, 117299, Horticulture, Tifton, Georgia, United States;
| | - Sudeep Bag
- The University of Georgia, Department of Plant Pathology, 2360 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, Georgia, United States, 31793;
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32
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Mainous AG, Sharma P, Jo A. Systemic inflammation among adults with diagnosed and undiagnosed cardiometabolic conditions: a potential missed opportunity for cardiovascular disease prevention. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1327205. [PMID: 38274464 PMCID: PMC10808594 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1327205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Systemic inflammation is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Since inflammation is not screened in the population, the prevalence, particularly among individuals with undiagnosed cardiometabolic disease, is unclear. Objective To assess the prevalence of elevated inflammation using high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (>0.30 mg/dL) in adults with no cardiometabolic disease, undiagnosed disease and diagnosed disease. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2015-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which allows for population estimates of the US population. Adults > = 20 years old were included. HsCRP levels >0.30 mg/dL represented inflammation. Individuals were classified into disease defined as having one or more of the following: diagnosed disease--diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity by diagnosis; undiagnosed disease (self-report of no doctor diagnosis but positive biomarker); no disease. Results 12,946 unweighted individuals representing 315,354,183 adults in the US population were assessed. The proportion of adults with systemic inflammation is 34.63%. The proportion of individuals aged 20 years and older with no disease, undiagnosed disease and diagnosed disease and inflammation was 15.1, 29.1 and 41.8%, respectively. When stratifying by race/ethnicity among individuals with elevated inflammation Non-Hispanic Black people have the highest prevalence (50.35%) in individuals with diagnosed disease followed by Hispanics (46.13%) and Non-Hispanic White people (40.15%) (p < 0.01). In logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic variables, individuals with undiagnosed cardiometabolic disease have an increased risk of elevated inflammation as measured by CRP (OR 2.38; 95%CI = 1.90-2.99). Conclusion In conclusion, a substantial proportion of the adult population, particularly minority and low socioeconomic populations, have elevated inflammation. Systemic inflammation may be a potential focus for disease prevention and disease progression in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arch G. Mainous
- Department of Health Services Research Management, and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Health Services Research Management, and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Health Services Research Management, and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Barrantes Murillo DF, Moye A, Wang C. Heat Treatment Augments Antigen Detection of Dirofilaria immitis in Apparently Healthy Companion Dogs (3.8% to 7.3%): Insights from a Large-Scale Nationwide Survey across the United States. Pathogens 2024; 13:56. [PMID: 38251363 PMCID: PMC10818916 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heartworm disease (HWD) is a vector-borne disease caused by the filarial nematode Dirofilaria immitis. Low antigen levels caused by immune complex formation preclude HWD diagnosis. Heat treatment is an immune complex dissociation technique used to enhance antigen detection. Only a few studies have reported the benefits of heat treatment in nationwide surveys. METHODS To investigate the impact of heat treatment on the seroprevalence of HWD in companion dogs in the USA, serum samples (n = 3253) were analyzed for D. immitis antigen (DiroCHEK®, Zoetis) without and with heat treatment of the samples. RESULTS Compared to sera without heat treatment, heat treatment significantly increased overall prevalence from 3.8% (123/3253) to 7.3% (237/3253) (p < 10-4), expanding antigen detection from 32 to 39 of the 48 states and Washington District of Columbia included in this study. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the largest nationwide survey of HW antigen detection in dogs in the US applying heat treatment to canine sera. The heat treatment used herein has the advantage of requiring a low volume of serum, making it optimal for use in routine diagnosis. Heat treatment should be used routinely by reference laboratories and veterinary clinics in patients with a negative initial test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Moye
- College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
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Isaac F, Toukhsati SR, Klein B, Di Benedetto M, Kennedy GA. Differences in Anxiety, Insomnia, and Trauma Symptoms in Wildfire Survivors from Australia, Canada, and the United States of America. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 21:38. [PMID: 38248503 PMCID: PMC10815777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Many survivors of wildfires report elevated levels of psychological distress following the trauma of wildfires. However, there is only limited research on the effects of wildfires on mental health. This study examined differences in anxiety, depression, insomnia, sleep quality, nightmares, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following wildfires in Australia, Canada, and the United States of America (USA). One hundred and twenty-six participants from Australia, Canada, and the USA completed an online survey. The sample included 102 (81%) women, 23 (18.3%) men, and one non-binary (0.8%) individual. Participants were aged between 20 and 92 years (M age = 52 years, SD = 14.4). They completed a demographic questionnaire, the Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Index (DDNSI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and PTSD Checklist (PCL-5). Results showed that participants from the USA scored significantly higher on the GAD-7 (p = 0.009), ISI (p = 0.003), and PCL-5 (p = 0.021) than participants from Australia and Canada. The current findings suggest a need for more international collaboration to reduce the severity of mental health conditions in Australia, Canada, and the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Isaac
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350, Australia (G.A.K.)
| | - Samia R. Toukhsati
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350, Australia (G.A.K.)
| | - Britt Klein
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350, Australia;
- Biopsychosocial & eHealth Research & Innovation (BeRI) Hub, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350, Australia
| | | | - Gerard A. Kennedy
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350, Australia (G.A.K.)
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
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Liu D, Li C, Li Y, Zhou L, Li J, Wang Y, Wan X, Zhou L, Wang L. Benign prostatic hyperplasia burden comparison between China and United States based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. World J Urol 2023; 41:3629-3634. [PMID: 37831157 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the difference in the burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) between China and the United States from 1990 to 2019. METHODS The prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and their age-standardized rates for BPH in China and USA from 1990 to 2019 were based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The annual percentage changes (APC) of the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and the age-standardized YLD rates (ASYR) were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis. The YLD numbers of six urinary tract diseases were also compared in both countries. RESULTS The absolute burden of BPH increased continuously in both countries, but it was much higher in China than in the United States. The ASIR and ASYR of BPH decreased in China but remained stable or decreased slightly in the United States. BPH incidence and YLD rates decreased in all age groups in China from 1990 to 2019. In the USA, they varied by age group. BPH caused more YLD number than any other urinary tract disease in China. In the USA, prostate cancer (PCa) caused more YLDs than BPH. CONCLUSIONS This research reveals marked BPH burden differences between China and the US (1990-2019). China's higher burden necessitates targeted interventions, while unique trends in both countries demand tailored strategies. These insights enhance understanding of BPH dynamics, informing effective interventions across diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwen Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaren Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yichuang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Morrill CC, Haffar A, Ditton T, DiCarlo HN, Gearhart JP, Crigger C. Bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex related litigation: A legal database review. Med Leg J 2023; 91:210-217. [PMID: 37032596 DOI: 10.1177/00258172231160593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the nature and extent of bladder exstrophy-epispadias related malpractice litigation in the United States. METHODS Two legal databases (Nexis Uni, WestLaw) were reviewed for state and federal cases using the terms "bladder exstrophy", "cloacal exstrophy", "epispadias", in combination with "medical malpractice", or "negligence", or "medical error", or "complication", or "malpractice", or "tort". Databases were queried from 1948 to 2022 and reviewed for medical and legal details. RESULTS Our search yielded 16 unique legal cases with 6 fitting established criteria for analysis. Urology and paediatric urologists were named in 50% of cases as were community medical systems. Cause for lawsuit included negligence in surgical performance (50%), primary closure of exstrophy (33%), and post-operative care (50%). Settlement agreement was reached in one case (17%). Outcomes favoured the physician in 60% of trials. Lawsuits alleging negligent surgical performance and/or post-operative care exclusively named urologists with outcomes favouring the surgeon in 66% of cases. The settlement payment (n = 1) was $500,000 and monetary damages (n = 1) equated to $1.3 million. CONCLUSIONS Malpractice litigation related to BEEC treatment is rare. Trial outcomes favour the medical provider. Cases that resulted in financial liability successfully alleged avoidable negligence resulting in irreversible physical damage. The authors recommend families with BEEC seek board-certified paediatric urologists experienced in treating this complex and/or Bladder Exstrophy Centers of Excellence. Further, we recommend surgeons treating BEEC properly educate patients and families on the severity of this major birth defect including its lifelong implications and need for surgical revisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Morrill
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Division of Pediatric Urology, Douglas A. Canning MD Exstrophy Database Center, Charlotte Bloomberg Children's Hospital, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ahmad Haffar
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Division of Pediatric Urology, Douglas A. Canning MD Exstrophy Database Center, Charlotte Bloomberg Children's Hospital, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
| | - Thomas Ditton
- J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Heather N DiCarlo
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Division of Pediatric Urology, Douglas A. Canning MD Exstrophy Database Center, Charlotte Bloomberg Children's Hospital, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
| | - John P Gearhart
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Division of Pediatric Urology, Douglas A. Canning MD Exstrophy Database Center, Charlotte Bloomberg Children's Hospital, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
| | - Chad Crigger
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Division of Pediatric Urology, Douglas A. Canning MD Exstrophy Database Center, Charlotte Bloomberg Children's Hospital, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
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Kelly NA, Kelly RE, Berkeley RP. The Glasgow Coma Scale: A disconnect between medical documentation and traumatic brain injury litigation in the United States. Med Leg J 2023; 91:175-179. [PMID: 37063079 DOI: 10.1177/00258172231161975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries are consistently difficult to objectively measure. This creates significant challenges for medical and legal practitioners who each apply the Glasgow Coma Scale-based traumatic brain injury severity classifications of "mild", "moderate" and "severe". It can be difficult to medically define an often-subjective traumatic brain injury, where the law requires objective evidence of injuries. This descriptive review aims to elucidate the intended purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale in traumatic brain injury assessment by doctors and attorneys. We highlight two different Glasgow Coma Scale uses, demonstrating a disconnect between the clinical traumatic brain injury adjectival classifications used in medicine and law. The Glasgow Coma Scale-based adjectival traumatic brain injury classifications create a diagnostic label which can affect a patient long after their initial medical assessment, representing a de facto diagnosis to the legal profession which may affect a patient's potential legal financial recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ross P Berkeley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, USA
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with low religiosity cross-sectionally. Whether low religiosity might be associated with an increased risk for developing PD is unknown. This study investigated whether low religiosity in adulthood is associated with increased risk for developing PD. A population-based prospective cohort study was conducted. Participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging and the Midlife in the United States study who were free from PD at baseline (2004-2011) and completed questionnaires on self-reported religiosity, were included in a pooled analysis. Incident PD was based on self-report. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for developing PD according to baseline religiosity, with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, health and lifestyle factors and engagement in religious practices. Among 9,796 participants in the pooled dataset, 74 (0.8%) cases of incident PD were identified during a median follow-up of 8.1 years. In the fully adjusted model, compared with participants who considered religion very important in their lives at baseline, it was found that participants who considered religion "not at all important" in their lives had a tenfold risk of developing PD during follow-up (OR, 9.99; 95% CI 3.28-30.36). Moreover, there was a dose-response relationship between decreasing religiosity and increasing PD risk (P < 0.001 for trend). These associations were similar when adjusting for religious upbringing and when cases occurring within the first two years of follow-up were excluded from the analysis. The association was somewhat attenuated when religious practices were removed from the model as covariates, though it remained statistically significant (OR for "not at all important" vs. "very important", 2.26; 95% CI 1.03-4.95) (P < 0.029 for trend). This longitudinal study provides evidence for the first time that low religiosity in adulthood may be a strong risk factor for developing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidemi I Otaiku
- Department of Neurology, Birmingham City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK.
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Barrett BW, Meanley S, Brennan-Ing M, Haberlen SA, Ware D, Detels R, Friedman MR, Plankey MW. The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Misuse and Smoking Among Aging Men Who Have Sex With Men: No Evidence of Exercise or Volunteering Impact. J Aging Health 2023:8982643231215475. [PMID: 37976419 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231215475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use (alcohol misuse or smoking tobacco) is mediated/moderated by exercise or volunteering among aging (≥40 years) men who have sex with men (MSM), and if this mediation/moderation differs by HIV serostatus. METHODS Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data were used. Three datasets with PTSD measured during different time periods (10/1/2017-3/31/2018, 898 men; 4/1/2018-9/30/2018, 890 men; 10/1/2018-3/31/2019, 895 men) were analyzed. Longitudinal mediation analyses estimated the mediation effect of exercise and volunteering on the outcomes. RESULTS Nine percent of MSM had evidence of PTSD. There was no statistically significant mediation effect of exercise or volunteering regardless of substance use outcome. The odds of smoking at a future visit among MSM with PTSD were approximately double those of MSM without PTSD. Results did not differ by HIV serostatus. DISCUSSION There is a particular need for effective smoking cessation interventions for aging MSM with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Barrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven Meanley
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Brennan-Ing
- Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, The City University of New York, Hunter College, NY, New York, USA
| | - Sabina A Haberlen
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deanna Ware
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Roger Detels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Reuel Friedman
- Department of Urban-Global Public Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michael W Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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da Silva LL, Tian H, Schemerhorn B, Xu JR, Cai G. Genome-Wide Informative Microsatellite Markers and Population Structure of Fusarium virguliforme from Argentina and the USA. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1109. [PMID: 37998914 PMCID: PMC10672573 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a destructive disease that causes substantial yield losses in South and North America. Whereas four Fusarium species were identified as the causal agents, F. virguliforme is the primary SDS-causing pathogen in North America and it also contributes substantially to SDS in Argentina. In this study, we comparatively analyzed genome assemblies of four F. virguliforme strains and identified 29 informative microsatellite markers. Sixteen of the 29 markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of this pathogen in a collection of 90 strains from Argentina and the USA. A total of 37 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified, including 10 MLGs in Argentina and 26 in the USA. Only MLG2, the most dominant MLG, was found in both countries. Analyses with three different approaches showed that these MLGs could be grouped into three clusters. Cluster IA consisting of four MLGs exclusively from the USA has much higher genetic diversity than the other two clusters, suggesting that it may be the ancestral cluster although additional data are necessary to support this hypothesis. Clusters IB and II consisted of 13 and 21 MLGs, respectively. MLGs belonging to these two clusters were present in all four sampled states in Argentina and all five sampled states in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Lopes da Silva
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Huan Tian
- Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brandi Schemerhorn
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Guohong Cai
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Grant A, Hebert-Beirne J, Lofton S, Floyd B, Stiehl E, Kim S. Actualising power sharing in community-led initiatives: Insights from community-based organisation leaders in Chicago, USA. Int J Health Plann Manage 2023; 38:1757-1771. [PMID: 37644660 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing call for a governmental organisations such as local health departments and federal health and human service agencies to partner with community based organisations (CBOs) for health promotion. There is a large body of literature suggesting that CBOs need capacity building or empowerment to do this work, but less literature about the necessary culture shift at governmental organisations who fund public health work. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of CBO leadership who do not want to partner with state funders, and understand which structures and practices demonstrate power-sharing in a community-led approach. We conducted six interviews with community-based organisation leaders and conducted a thematic analysis and a secondary, inductive discourse analysis of the transcripts to analyse why organisations chose not to apply for a government funded initiative and how they talked about power-sharing for community-led public health. Themes about the decision for CBOs to apply to the public health funding initiative: how it related to the CBO's scope of work, meeting the needs of the community, having the technical capacity, and cross-cutting themes of putting the community first and having a long-term positive impact. Organisations rejected the opportunity for this funding due to poor fit, even if they could fulfil the scope of work. A community-led approach was described as one that includes the government giving up control, creating spaces for meaningful participation and power-sharing, and systems demonstrating trust in CBOs. These findings reiterate that in order for public health to be community-led, there needs to be system-wide transformation and intentional investment that supports an infrastructure for community-led public health. State funders can learn from practices in trust-based philanthropy, such as flexible funding and reporting requirements. The results of this study can support the wider participation of CBOs in collaboration with state actors, maximising the transformative potential of collaboration, ultimately transforming power structures and advancing health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeni Hebert-Beirne
- Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Saria Lofton
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenikki Floyd
- Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily Stiehl
- Health Policy and Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sage Kim
- Health Policy and Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Nguyen-Tran H, Thompson C, Butler M, Miller KR, Pyle L, Jung S, Rogers S, Ng TFF, Routh J, Dominguez SR, Messacar K. Duration of Enterovirus D68 RNA Shedding in the Upper Respiratory Tract and Transmission among Household Contacts, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2315-2324. [PMID: 37877582 PMCID: PMC10617331 DOI: 10.3201/eid2911.230947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes cyclical outbreaks of respiratory disease and acute flaccid myelitis. EV-D68 is primarily transmitted through the respiratory route, but the duration of shedding in the respiratory tract is unknown. We prospectively enrolled 9 hospitalized children with EV-D68 respiratory infection and 16 household contacts to determine EV-D68 RNA shedding dynamics in the upper respiratory tract through serial midturbinate specimen collections and daily symptom diaries. Five (31.3%) household contacts, including 3 adults, were EV-D68-positive. The median duration of EV-D68 RNA shedding in the upper respiratory tract was 12 (range 7-15) days from symptom onset. The most common symptoms were nasal congestion (100%), cough (92.9%), difficulty breathing (78.6%), and wheezing (57.1%). The median illness duration was 20 (range 11-24) days. Understanding the duration of RNA shedding can inform the expected rate and timing of EV-D68 detection in associated acute flaccid myelitis cases and help guide public health measures.
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Hunter MS, El-Haj M, Thorne E, Griffiths A, Hardy C. #Menopause: Examining the frequency of communications about menopause on twitter between 2014 and 2022. Maturitas 2023; 177:107806. [PMID: 37536172 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the use of Twitter to communicate about menopause. Tweets in English posted between January 2014 and December 2022 with the hashtag "menopause" were extracted. Total global tweets and those from the UK, USA, Australia and Canada were examined. Globally, there were 314,974 tweets about menopause over this period, with an annual average of 34,997. There were notable differences between countries, with a large increase in use in the UK in 2018 and 2019, a reducing trend in use in the USA with a smaller increase in 2018 and 2019, and low stable usage in Australia and Canada.
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Cushen B, Koh MS, Tran TN, Martin N, Murray R, Uthaman T, Goh CYY, Vella R, Eleangovan N, Bulathsinhala L, Maspero JF, Peters MJ, Schleich F, Pitrez P, Christoff G, Sadatsafavi M, Torres-Duque CA, Porsbjerg C, Altraja A, Lehtimäki L, Bourdin A, Taube C, Papadopoulos NG, Zsuzsanna C, Björnsdóttir U, Salvi S, Heffler E, Iwanaga T, al-Ahmad M, Larenas-Linnemann D, van Boven JFM, Aarli BB, Kuna P, Loureiro CC, Al-lehebi R, Lee JH, Marina N, Bjermer L, Sheu CC, Mahboub B, Busby J, Menzies-Gow A, Wang E, Price DB. Adult Severe Asthma Registries: A Global and Growing Inventory. Pragmat Obs Res 2023; 14:127-147. [PMID: 37881411 PMCID: PMC10595155 DOI: 10.2147/por.s399879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR; http://isaregistries.org/) uses standardised variables to enable multi-country and adequately powered research in severe asthma. This study aims to look at the data countries within ISAR and non-ISAR countries reported collecting that enable global research that support individual country interests. Methods Registries were identified by online searches and approaching severe asthma experts. Participating registries provided data collection specifications or confirmed variables collected. Core variables (results from ISAR's Delphi study), steroid-related comorbidity variables, biologic safety variables (serious infection, anaphylaxis, and cancer), COVID-19 variables and additional variables (not belonging to the aforementioned categories) that registries reported collecting were summarised. Results Of the 37 registries identified, 26 were ISAR affiliates and 11 non-ISAR affiliates. Twenty-five ISAR-registries and 4 non-ISAR registries reported collecting >90% of the 65 core variables. Twenty-three registries reported collecting all optional steroid-related comorbidity variables. Twenty-nine registries reported collecting all optional safety variables. Ten registries reported collecting COVID-19 variables. Twenty-four registries reported collecting additional variables including data from asthma questionnaires (10 Asthma Control Questionnaire, 20 Asthma Control Test, 11 Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, and 4 EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level Questionnaire). Eight registries are linked to databases such as electronic medical records and national claims or disease databases. Conclusion Standardised data collection has enabled individual severe asthma registries to collect unified data and increase statistical power for severe asthma research irrespective of ISAR affiliations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breda Cushen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariko Siyue Koh
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Neil Martin
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Thendral Uthaman
- Observational Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celine Yun Yi Goh
- Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge, UK
- Observational Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Vella
- Optimum Patient Care, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neva Eleangovan
- Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge, UK
- Observational Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lakmini Bulathsinhala
- Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge, UK
- Observational Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jorge F Maspero
- Clinical Research for Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, CIDEA Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University Career of Specialists in Allergy and Clinical Immunology at the Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthew J Peters
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Florence Schleich
- CHU Sart-Tilman, GIGA I3, University of Liege, Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Paulo Pitrez
- Pulmonology Division, Hospital Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mohsen Sadatsafavi
- Respiratory Evaluation Sciences Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Carlos A Torres-Duque
- CINEUMO, Respiratory Research Center, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alan Altraja
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Tartu and Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lauri Lehtimäki
- Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Csoma Zsuzsanna
- Asthma Outpatient Clinic, National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Unnur Björnsdóttir
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Pulmocare Research and Education Foundation, Pune, India
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mona al-Ahmad
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Job F M van Boven
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernt Bøgvald Aarli
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cláudia Chaves Loureiro
- Pneumology Unit, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Riyad Al-lehebi
- Department of Pulmonology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jae Ha Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuria Marina
- Pneumology Service, Biocruces, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority (DHA), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - John Busby
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Eileen Wang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver and Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David B Price
- Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge, UK
- Observational Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - On behalf of ISAR Inventory Study Group
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge, UK
- Observational Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Optimum Patient Care, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Clinical Research for Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, CIDEA Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University Career of Specialists in Allergy and Clinical Immunology at the Buenos Aires University School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- CHU Sart-Tilman, GIGA I3, University of Liege, Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
- Pulmonology Division, Hospital Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Respiratory Evaluation Sciences Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- CINEUMO, Respiratory Research Center, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Tartu and Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Asthma Outpatient Clinic, National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Pulmocare Research and Education Foundation, Pune, India
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Kindai University Hospital, Osakasayama, Japan
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Centro de Excelencia en Asma y Alergia, Hospital Médica Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Pneumology Unit, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Pulmonology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Pneumology Service, Biocruces, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority (DHA), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver and Aurora, CO, USA
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Jiang SH, Nico E, Bhaskara M, Patil S, Edgar MC, Sadeh M, Chiu RG, Mehta AI. Characteristics of work-related spine injury in the USA: a National Trauma Data Bank analysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:3097-3106. [PMID: 37606797 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Workplace injury is a commonplace occurrence in the USA. Spine injuries are especially devastating as they can cause chronic pain and limit mobility which prevents patients from returning to work. Gaining a better understanding of the patients, mechanisms, and treatments associated with these injuries can aid in improving outcomes. The purpose of this study is to characterize the nature of work-related spine injuries. METHODS The National Trauma Data Bank was queried from 2017 to 2019 for all diagnoses involving the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine. Patient demographics, comorbidities, injury characteristics, spinal diagnoses, and procedures were identified for each occupation. Occupational industries, patient demographics, mechanisms of injury, diagnoses, and spinal procedures were characterized. RESULTS A total of 100,842 work-related injuries were identified between 2017 and 2019. Of those, 19,002 (19%) were spine injuries, and subsequently, 3963 (21%) required spinal surgery. Eight thousand twenty-nine (42%) cases were seen among construction workers, which had the highest proportion of Hispanic patients (36%). Smoking was prevalent in labor-intensive occupations with high rates of spine injury such as building and grounds maintenance. The most common mechanism of injury was a fall from a roof. The most common injury diagnoses were L1, L2, and L3 fractures, and the most common procedures were T12-L1 fusion, multilevel thoracic fusion, and multilevel lumbar fusion. CONCLUSION Spine injuries represent a significant portion of work-related injuries in the USA and a considerable portion require neurosurgical intervention. Initial efforts should focus on the prevention and management of lumbar spine injuries in the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam H Jiang
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Elsa Nico
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mounika Bhaskara
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shashank Patil
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael C Edgar
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Morteza Sadeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 S. Wood, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ryan G Chiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Ankit I Mehta
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 S. Wood, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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46
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Tomita Y, Hibler EA, Suruga Y, Ishida J, Fujii K, Satomi K, Ichimura K, Hirotsune N, Date I, Tanaka Y, Otani Y. Age is a major determinant for poor prognosis in patients with pilocytic astrocytoma: a SEER population study. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2301-2309. [PMID: 36063258 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) are central nervous system tumors with variable prognosis and poorly understood risk factors. Little evidence exists regarding the effect of age on mortality in PA. Therefore, we conducted a thorough characterization of PA in the US. Methods We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2000 and 2018 to extract age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR), age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR), and survival data on PA. The age group comparisons for each measure varied depending on available SEER data. We compared trends in AAIR and AAMR by two age groups (children, 0-19 years; adults, 20 + years) and by sex. The cumulative incidence function and the Fine-Gray competing risk model were applied by 0-19, 20-39, 40-59, and 60 + years of age groups. Results This study included 5211 incident PA and 462 PA-specific deaths between 2000 and 2018. Trends in AAIRs and AAMRs were almost constant between 2000 and 2018. Average AAIRs had a sharp peak in 1-4 years of age groups, whereas AAMRs had a gradual peak in 80-84 years of age groups. Age groups, tumor location, and race/ethnicity were significantly associated with PA-specific death, whereas only age was associated with other cause of deaths. Conclusions Trends in AAIRs and AAMRs were constant regardless of age. PAs in older populations, especially over 60 years old, have higher incidence of death than those in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Surgery, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, 730-8518, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Elizabeth A Hibler
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yasuki Suruga
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Joji Ishida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kaishi Satomi
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Department of Brain Diseases Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hirotsune
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Surgery, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, 730-8518, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Bacon E, An L, Yang P, Hawley S, Van Horn ML, Resnicow K. Novel Psychosocial Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e45980. [PMID: 37756115 PMCID: PMC10538360 DOI: 10.2196/45980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective COVID-19 vaccines have been available since early 2021 yet many Americans refuse or delayed uptake. As of mid-2022, still around 30% of US adults remain unvaccinated against COVID-19. The majority (81%) of these unvaccinated adults say they will "definitely not" be getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Understanding the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is critical to reducing death and illness from the virus, as well as to inform future vaccine efforts, such as the more recent bivalent (omicron) booster. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to expand our understanding of psychosocial determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. We focus on both COVID-19-specific factors, such as COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, as well as more global personality attributes such as dogmatism, reactance, gender roles, political beliefs, and religiosity. METHODS We conducted a web-based survey in mid-2021 of a representative sample of 1376 adults measuring both COVID-19-specific beliefs and attitudes, as well as global personality attributes. COVID-19 vaccination status is reported at 3 levels: vaccinated; unvaccinated-may-get-it; unvaccinated-hard-no. RESULTS Our analyses focused on the correlation of COVID-19 vaccination status with 10 psychosocial attributes: COVID-19-specific conspiracy theory beliefs; COVID-19 vaccine misinformation; COVID-19-related Rapture beliefs; general antivaccination beliefs; trait reactance; trait dogmatism; belief in 2020 election fraud; belief in a QAnon conspiracy; health care system distrust; and identification with traditional gender roles. We used a multivariate analysis of covariance to examine mean differences across vaccine status groups for each of the correlates while holding constant the effects of age, gender, race, income, education, political party, and Evangelicalism. Across the 10 psychosocial correlates, several different response scales were used. To allow for comparison of effects across correlates, measures of effect size were computed by converting correlates to z scores and then examining adjusted mean differences in z scores between the groups. We found that all 10 psychosocial variables were significantly associated with vaccination status. After general antivaccination beliefs, COVID-19 misinformation beliefs and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs had the largest effect on vaccine uptake. CONCLUSIONS The association of these psychosocial factors with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy may help explain why vaccine uptake has not shifted much among the unvaccinated-hard-no group since vaccines became available. These findings deepen our understanding of those who remain resistant to getting vaccinated and can guide more effective tailored communications to reach them. Health communication professionals may apply lessons learned from countering related beliefs and personality attributes around issues such as climate change and other forms of vaccine hesitancy. For example, using motivational interviewing strategies that are equipped to handle resistance and provide correct information in a delicate manner that avoids reactance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bacon
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lawrence An
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Division of General Medicine, School of Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Penny Yang
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah Hawley
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Division of General Medicine, School of Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - M Lee Van Horn
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ken Resnicow
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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48
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Grills LA, Wagner AL. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parental vaccine hesitancy: A cross-sectional survey. Vaccine 2023; 41:6127-6133. [PMID: 37659897 PMCID: PMC10954085 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how hesitancy towards pediatric vaccines has changed quantitatively since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and if changes are more readily apparent in clusters of low COVID-19 vaccination. In this study, we assess how clusters of low COVID-19 vaccination correlate with changing parental beliefs about childhood vaccines. METHODS A cross-sectional, opt-in, internet-based survey of parents resident in the U.S. was conducted during August-September 2022. Our survey measured changes in beliefs about childhood vaccine safety, importance, and effectiveness since the start of COVID-19. We also measured parents' perceived vaccination rates in the community, assessing its relationship with changing vaccination perceptions using Rao-Scott chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 310 parents of children 0-17 years old, 11 % (95 % CI: 7 %, 15 %) believed that childhood vaccines are less safe, 12 % (95 % CI: 8 %, 17 %) less important, and 13 % (95 % CI: 9 %, 18 %) less effective since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. About 9 % (95 % CI: 5 %, 12 %) stated COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in their community. Among those who stated COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low, 38 % reported believing childhood vaccines were less effective (vs 12 % of those who stated vaccination coverage was high). This corresponds to 4.34 times greater odds of believing childhood vaccines were less effective since the start of the pandemic (95 % CI: 1.38, 13.73) in those who believe COVID-19 vaccination coverage to be low in their community vs high. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that parental perceptions about childhood vaccines have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic through geographic and social clustering of non-vaccination. Beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine have spillover with beliefs about childhood vaccines, and more negative beliefs may be clustering in areas with low vaccination coverage, which could predispose the area to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily A Grills
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Qu Z. Differences in carbon emissions between the digital economy sectors in China and the USA. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29736-7. [PMID: 37715030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
In an era of rapid development of digital technologies and dramatic global climate change, digital economy is crucial to achieving the 'carbon peak' and 'carbon neutral' goals. However, less research has been done in the area of indirect carbon emissions in the digital economy sector. Therefore, this study uses an input-output model to calculate the embodied carbon emissions of the ICT (information and communication technology) industry in China and the USA in 2005, 2010 and 2016 from the production and consumption sides. Moreover, a comparative analysis is conducted in terms of the driving factors of carbon emissions and the relationship between emissions and economic benefits in the two countries. The results reveal that emissions are larger on the production side in the USA and on the consumption side in China. For both countries, electricity is the largest upstream sector in terms of emissions. ICT in the USA causes sectoral emissions mainly in manufacturing and services. While China mainly causes sectoral emissions in manufacturing. The US ICT sector is more economically efficient for the same emissions. Regarding drivers, the primary driver of the fall in emissions is a reduction in emission intensity. The increase in emissions driven by final demand is greater in China than in the USA. Finally, the results of the two countries are extended to other developed countries and emerging economies, providing recommendations for reducing carbon emissions in the ICT sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Qu
- School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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50
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Yao J, Steinberg D, Turner EL, Cai GY, Cameron JR, Hybels CF, Eagle DE, Milstein G, Rash JA, Proeschold-Bell RJ. When Shepherds Shed: Trajectories of Weight-Related Behaviors in a Holistic Health Intervention Tailored for US Christian Clergy. J Relig Health 2023:10.1007/s10943-023-01910-8. [PMID: 37709979 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining healthy behaviors is challenging. Based upon previous reports that in North Carolina (NC), USA, overweight/obese clergy lost weight during a two-year religiously tailored health intervention, we described trajectories of diet, physical activity, and sleep. We investigated whether behavior changes were associated with weight and use of health-promoting theological messages. Improvements were observed in sleep, calorie-dense food intake, and physical activity, with the latter two associated with weight loss. While theological messages were well-retained, their relationship with behaviors depended on the specific message, behavior, and timing. Findings offer insights into weight loss mechanisms, including the role of theological messages in religiously tailored health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- Global Health Institute and Center for Health Policy & Inequalities Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Dori Steinberg
- School of Nursing and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Turner
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Grace Y Cai
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Cameron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Palliative Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Religion, Health and Human Values, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celia F Hybels
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David E Eagle
- Global Health Institute and Center for Health Policy & Inequalities Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Glen Milstein
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua A Rash
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell
- Global Health Institute and Center for Health Policy & Inequalities Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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