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Maringolo V, Carvalho AZ, Rocha DL. Simple multi-signal calibrations exploiting flow analysis systems. Talanta 2024; 272:125787. [PMID: 38401267 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Multi-signal calibrations have been recently exploited in molecular spectrochemical analysis alternatively to traditional calibration methods, improving analytical frequency and accuracy. The application of these strategies is simple and minimizes efficiently matrix effects by analyzing two calibration solutions comprising sample plus standard (S1), and sample plus blank (S2). The plot of the signals obtained with S1 and S2 at multiple settings (e.g. different wavelengths) yield a slope that can be related to the analyte concentration in the sample. Similarly, transient signals could also be related to the analyte concentration exploiting a similar strategy. Thus, in this work, two multi-signal approaches developed in flow-based systems are proposed, based on the responses at multiple wavelengths (online multi-energy calibration, OMEC), and on the dispersion profile of the samples, herein denominated multi-dispersion calibration (MDC). The calibrations were carried out with sample solutions after 2-fold dilution with a standard solution and with water. The feasibility of OMEC and MDC were demonstrated using KMnO4 solutions (without chemical reactions) under continuous and pulsed flow regimes. The applicability of this strategy was also demonstrated by the spectrophotometric determination of urea in milk and pet potty spray in a multi-pumping flow system, based on the color change of bromothymol blue after catalyzed hydrolysis by urease from jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis). MDC and OMEC were compared with external calibrations (EC) and classical standard addition. The limits of detection for urea were estimated at 13 mg L-1, 16 mg L-1, and 10 mg L-1 using MDC, MEC and EC, respectively. Recoveries from 93 to 101%, and the agreement of sample analyzes with the reference procedure demonstrated the good accuracy achieved by the proposed methods. Therefore, it was demonstrated the feasibility of MDC and OMEC for analytical purposes in a simple and efficient way with the advantages of flow-based manifolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Maringolo
- Center on Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Z Carvalho
- Center on Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo L Rocha
- Center on Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen NT, Ngo HL, Nguyen VV, Nguyen AH, Hoang Tran BD, Vo TK, Truong DT, Huynh LTN, Tran TN, Le VH, Nguyen TH, Doan TLH. Tailoring hierarchical structures in cellulose carbon aerogels from sugarcane bagasse using different crosslinking agents for enhancing electrochemical desalination capability. Chemosphere 2024:141748. [PMID: 38521109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is one of the most common Vietnamese agricultural waste, which possesses a large percentage of cellulose, making it an abundant and environmentally friendly source for the fabrication of cellulose carbon aerogel. Herein, waste sugarcane bagasse was used to synthesize cellulose aerogel using different crosslinking agents such as urea, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA). The 3D porous network of cellulose aerogels was constructed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. Among the three cellulose aerogel samples, cellulose - SA aerogel (SB-CA-SA) has low density of 0.04 g m-3 and high porosity of 97.38%, leading to high surface area of 497.9 m2 g-1 with 55.67% micropores of activated carbon aerogel (SB-ACCA-SA). The salt adsorption capacity was high (17.87 mg g-1), which can be further enhanced to 31.40 mg g-1 with the addition of CNT. Moreover, the desalination process using the SB-ACCA-SA-CNT electrode was stable even after 50 cycles. The results show the great combination of cellulose from waste sugarcane bagasse with sodium alginate and carbon nanotubes in the fabrication of carbon materials as the CDI-utilized electrodes with high desalination capability and good durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tung Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngan Tuan Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Long Ngo
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Van Vien Nguyen
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Hong Nguyen
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Bao Dung Hoang Tran
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Kien Vo
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Duy Tan Truong
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Le Thanh Nguyen Huynh
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Nhut Tran
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Viet Hai Le
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thai Hoang Nguyen
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Tan Le Hoang Doan
- Center for Innovative Materials & Architectures (INOMAR), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
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Qin T, Chu Y, Yao Y, Zhang C, Xu B, Song Q. Coffee intake reduced gout risk by decreasing urate and urea while increasing SHBG levels in plasma: a mediation Mendelian randomization study. Clin Rheumatol 2024:10.1007/s10067-024-06922-7. [PMID: 38448745 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between specific dietary habits and the risk of gout, while identifying the mediators involved in these associations. METHODS We initially assessed the causal effects of five dietary habits on gout by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Subsequently, we identified mediators from five plasma metabolites by two-step MR, including urate, urea, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Next, we quantified the proportion of mediation effects by multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR). Last, we performed reverse MR analyses. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to enhance the robustness of our findings. RESULTS Only coffee intake demonstrated a significant negative casual effect on gout (inverse variance weighted: OR = 0.444, p = 0.049). In two-step MR, coffee intake decreased urate and urea while increased SHBG levels, but did not affect IL-18 and CRP levels. Besides, urate and urea showed positive causal effects while SHBG exhibited a negative impact on gout. In mediation analysis, urate, urea, and SHBG respectively mediated 53.60%, 16.43%, and 4.81% of the total causal effect of coffee intake on gout. The three mediators collectively mediated 27.45% of the total effect. Reverse MR analyses suggested no significant reverse causal effects. Sensitivity analyses supported the reliability of our causal inferences. CONCLUSION Coffee intake reduced gout risk by decreasing urate and urea while increasing SHBG levels in plasma. These findings accentuate the benefits of coffee intake for gout management. The mediators may provide a novel insight into potential therapeutic targets for gout prevention. Key Points • This study determines the causally protective effect of coffee intake on gout. • We reveal that coffee intake reduced the risk of gout by decreasing urate and urea while increasing SHBG levels in plasma. • Identifying specific mediators in the causal pathway from coffee intake to gout provides valuable information for clinical interventions of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuxin Chu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Llobat L, Soriano P, Bordignon F, de Evan T, Larsen T, Marín-García PJ. Dietary type (carnivore, herbivore and omnivore) and animal species modulate the nutritional metabolome of terrestrial species. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 272:110965. [PMID: 38452851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Ecometabolomics could be implemented as a powerful tool in molecular ecology studies, but it is necessary to know the baseline of certain metabolites and understand how different traits could affect the metabolome of the animals. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to provide values for the nutritional metabolome profile of different diet groups and animal species, as well as to study the differences in the metabolomic profile due to the effect of diet type and species. To achieve this goal, blood samples were taken from healthy animals (n = 43) of different species: lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bison (Bison bison), gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) and fallow deer (Dama dama), and with different types of diet (carnivore, herbivore and omnivore). Each blood sample was analysed to determine nutritional metabolites. The main results this study provides are the nutritional metabolic profile of these animals based on the type of diet and the animal species. A significant effect of the dietary type was found on nutritional metabolite levels, with those metabolites related to protein metabolism (total protein and creatine) being higher in carnivores. There is also an effect of the species on nutritional metabolites, observing a metabolome differentiation between lion and jaguar. In the case of herbivores, bison showed higher levels of uric acid and cholesterol, and lower urea levels than gazelle and fallow deer. More molecular ecology studies are needed to further the knowledge of the metabolism of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Francesco Bordignon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Trinidad de Evan
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Torben Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
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Hao X, Shen A, Duan R, Zhang P, Xue L, Zhao X, Wang X, Li X, Yang Y. Fabrication of a porous Urea@MIL-100(Fe)/CI-MCC/SA hydrogel for All-In-One adsorption, removal and fluorescence monitoring of nitrite. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133326. [PMID: 38150765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel All-In-One Urea@MIL-100(Fe)/CI-MCC/SA hydrogel platform was generated by microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) functionalized with pH-response probe (CI), MIL-100 (Fe) and sodium alginate (SA), which was as a carrier of urea to adsorb, remove and monitor NO2-. Under acidic condition, the fluorescent hydrogel platform could produce N2, CO2 and H2O through the diazotization and redox reaction between urea and NO2- with a removal efficiency up to 99.8%, and could also character a good adsorption property for NO2- due to the positive charges of protonation (the maximum adsorption capacity was 21.67 mg g-1), and the adsorption kinetics conformed to pseudo-second-order model. By carried out the NO2- removal step in fluorescent hydrogel platform, NO2- could also be detected indirectly by sensing the changes of pH within 15 min. The linear response range was 0-0.005 M, and the detection limit (LOD) was 74 μM. These results demonstrated that this All-In-One Urea@MIL-100(Fe)/CI-MCC/SA hydrogel platform had great potential in environment. This strategy for the removal and monitoring of NO2- could be employed to related applications in water purification and environmental protection. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Nitrite is one of the important indicators of water monitoring, which is harmful to human and environment. The removal and monitoring of nitrite in industrial wastewater and surface water is very important, but there are no studies about it at present. Based on the fact that urea can react with nitrite to produce green products, we synthesized a novel functional hydrogel to achieve adsorption, removal and fluorescence monitoring of nitrite for the first time. Besides, the practicability of the material in environmental water samples was verified through the detection of nitrite in simulated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruochen Duan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Panqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingwei Xue
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xiuqing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunxu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Del-Mazo-Alvarado O, Prieto C, Sánchez A, Ramírez-Márquez C, Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Martín M. An Integrated Process Analysis for Producing Glycerol Carbonate from CO 2 and Glycerol. ChemSusChem 2024:e202301546. [PMID: 38438304 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Glycerol carbonate (GC) is one of the most attractive green chemicals involved in several applications such as polymer synthesis, e. g., the production of polyurethanes and polycarbonates. This relevant chemical can be produced, in a green way, using CO2 (from carbon capture) and glycerol (a byproduct from biodiesel manufacturing). Therefore, in this work, a comprehensive analysis of the GC production process is conducted based on the following synthesis route: urea-dimethyl carbonate-GC using carbon dioxide and glycerol as the main raw materials where the synthesis pathway was efficiently integrated using Aspen Plus. A techno-economic analysis was performed in order to estimate the required capital investment and operating cost for the whole GC process, providing insights on individual capital cost requirements for the urea, dimethyl carbonate, and GC production sections. A total capital cost of $192.1 MM, and a total operating cost of $225.7 MM/y were estimated for the process. The total annualized cost was estimated as $1,558 USD/t of GC produced, competitive with current market price.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - César Ramírez-Márquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - Mariano Martín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Behera PK, Sahu D, Jali BR, Barick AK, Swain SK, Mohapatra P. A Simple Method for Synthesizing Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Fluorescent "Turn off" Mercury (II) Ion Sensing. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03649-1. [PMID: 38430416 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Here, straightforward and environmentally friendly fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with a high blue fluorescence emission at 455 nm are used for ultrasensitive Hg2+ ion detection. Folic acid and urea are used as carbon sources in the carbonization process. Two broad absorption bands at around 280 and 370 nm from UV-Vis spectrum and characteristic absorption peaks from infrared spectrum confirms the successful synthesis of the N-CQDs. Energy dispersive X-Ray analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the N-CQDs. Transmission electron microscopy showed the homogeneous globular morphology of the N-CQDs with an average particle size of 65 nm. Zeta potential measurement established the stability and surface charge of N-CQDs. Dynamic light scattering measurement showed the average size of N-CQDs. With the addition of Hg2+ ion to N-CQDs, the blue fluorescence emission is quenched. Moreover, the N-CQDs can be applied to real water sample such as pond water, river water, and tap water. The detection limit is approximately calculated to be 12 nM and linear range is 0-30 parts per billion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Silicon Institute of Technology, Sambalpur, 768200, Odisha, India
| | - Bigyan Ranjan Jali
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Aruna Kumar Barick
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Sarat Kumar Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Priyaranjan Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India.
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Wang C, Yu C, Qian B, Ren Y, Wang L, Xie Y, Tan X, He X, Qiu J. FeOOH with Low Spin State Iron as Electron Acceptors for High Yield Rate Electrosynthesis of Urea from Nitrate and Carbon Dioxide. Small 2024; 20:e2307349. [PMID: 38105349 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Co electroreduction of carbon dioxide and nitrate to synthesize urea provides an alternative strategy to high energy-consumption traditional methods. However, the complexity of the reaction mechanism and the high energy barrier of nitrate reduction result in a diminished production of urea. Herein, a convenient electrodeposition technique to prepare the FeOOH with low spin state iron that increases the yield rate of urea efficiently is employed. According to soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, the unique configuration of low spin state iron as electron acceptors can effectively induce electron pair transfer from the occupied σ orbitals of intermediate * NO to empty d orbitals of iron. This σ→d donation mechanism leads to a reduction in the energy barrier associated with the rate-determining step (* NOOH→* NO + * OH), hence augmenting the urea generation. The low spin state iron presents a high urea yield rate of 512 µg h-1 cm-2 , representing approximately two times compared to the medium spin state iron. The key intermediates (* NH2 and * CO) in the formation of C─N bond are detected with in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The coupling of * NH2 and * CO contributes to the formation of * CONH2 , which subsequently endures multi-step proton-coupled electron transfer to generate urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chang Yu
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bingzhi Qian
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yongwen Ren
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Linshan Wang
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yuanyang Xie
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xinyi Tan
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Ismail AM, Nour BM, Abakar AD, Almugadam BS, Altayb HN, Ahmed RT, Elkarsany MEM. Association of Normal and Mutated APOL1 G2 Rs60910145 alleles with SCD, Body Mass Index, and Renal Function Biomarkers and Indices. Curr Res Transl Med 2024; 72:103414. [PMID: 38246019 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The current study aimed to detect the frequency of normal and mutated APOL1 alleles in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and test their relation with Microalbuminuria, Creatinine, Urea, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), and Body Mass Index (BMI). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 156 SCD subjects. Serum Creatinine (mg/dl) and Urea (mg/dl) as well as Microalbuminuria (mg/l) level were measured by using Biosystems kit (Biosystems, Barcelona, Spain) and Mindary BA88A semi-automated biochemistry analyzer. Glomerular filtration rate and body mass index were calculated by equations. Blood DNA extraction was achieved by using the modified G-DEX™IIb Genomic DNA Extraction Kit protocol. The PCR was done for the detection of the APOL1 G2 rs60910145 alleles by using allele-specific PCR and primers. RESULTS The CC allele was more frequent in study cases (66.7%) than TT allele. The frequency of a mutated allele (CC) was insignificantly higher in males (67.8%) than in females (65.2%) and in rural (70.9%) than urban areas. It is also higher in Shankhab compared to other tribes and subjects 26-37 years compared to other, P˃0.05. Interstingly, the subjects who carry the CC allele showed a significantly higher level of Microalbuminuria, Creatinine, BMI, and Urea compared to those carry TT allele. Moreover, GFR is also higher in subjects who carry CC than TT allele but it is not significant. CONCULSION Altogether, the study findings highlighted the link of normal and mutated APOL1 G2 rs60910145 alleles with SCD and displayed the significant value of mutated APOL1 allele in the prediction of early nephropathy in SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Mahmoud Ismail
- Department of clinical chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan; Department of clinical chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Bakri Mohammed Nour
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Adam Dawoud Abakar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Babiker Saad Almugadam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Hisham N Altayb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania TagEsir Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center of Reserch, Sudan
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Leung CW, Wang X, Hu D. Characteristics and source apportionment of water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in PM 2.5 in Hong Kong: With focus on amines, urea, and nitroaromatic compounds. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:133899. [PMID: 38430595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) is ubiquitous in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and poses health and environmental risks. However, there is limited knowledge regarding its comprehensive speciation and source-specific contributions. Here, we conducted chemical characterization and source apportionment of WSON in 65 PM2.5 samples collected in Hong Kong during a 1-yr period. Using various mass-spectrometry-based techniques, we quantified 22 nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs), including 17 nitroaromatics (NACs), four amines, and urea. The most abundant amine and NACs were dimethylamine and 4-nitrocatechol, respectively. Two secondary (i.e., secondary formation and secondary nitrate) and five primary sources (i.e., sea salt, fugitive dust, marine vessels, vehicle exhaust, and biomass burning) of WSON and these three categories of NOCs were identified. Throughout the year, secondary sources dominated WSON formation (69.0%), while primary emissions had significant contributions to NACs (77.1%), amines (75.9%), and urea (83.7%). Fugitive dust was the leading source of amines and urea, while biomass burning was the main source of NACs. Our multi-linear regression analysis revealed the significant role of sulfate, NO3, nitrate, liquid water content, and particle pH on WSON formation, highlighting the importance of nighttime NO3 processing and heterogeneous and aqueous-phase formation of NOCs in the Hong Kong atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Wai Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen 518057, PR China.
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11
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Bao J, Li S, Qv M, Wang W, Wu Q, Kristianto Nugroho Y, Huang L, Zhu L. Urea addition as an enhanced strategy for degradation of petroleum contaminants during co-composting of straw and pig manure: Evidences from microbial community and enzyme activity evaluation. Bioresour Technol 2024; 393:130135. [PMID: 38043688 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in microbial community succession patterns and enzyme activities by petroleum pollutants during co-composting of straw and swine manure with the supplementary nitrogen source are unclear. In this study, urea was added into co-composting systems, and the removal performance of petroleum, microbial enzyme activity and community changes were investigated. Results showed that the polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities which were both related to the degradation of petroleum contaminants were accordingly increased from 20.65 to 30.31 U/g and from 171.87 to 231.86 U/g due to urea addition. The removal efficiency of petroleum contaminants in composting with urea increased from 45.06% to 82.29%. The addition of urea increased the diversity and abundance of petroleum-degrading microorganisms, and enhanced microbial linkages. This study provides a novel strategy for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon as well as a new insight into the effect of urea on both microbial processes and composting phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Bao
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Qirui Wu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | | | - Lizhi Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8, East Lake South Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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12
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Ai S, Huang Z, Yu W, Huang C. Efficient dissolution of cellulose in slow-cooling alkaline systems and interacting modes between alkali and urea at the molecular level. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109054. [PMID: 38350405 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in a urea-NaOH system is beneficial for its mechanical processing. The apparent MCC solubility was greatly improved to 14 wt% under a slow-cooling condition with a cooling rate of -0.3 °C/min. The cooling curve or thermal history played a crucial role in the dissolution process. An exotherm (-54.7 ± 3 J/g MCC) was detected by DSC only under the slow-cooling condition, and the cryogenic dissolution of MCC was attributed to the exothermic interaction between MCC and solvent. More importantly, the low cooling rate promoted the dissolution of MCC by providing enough time for the diffusion of OH- and urea into MCC granules at higher temperatures. The Raman spectral data showed that the intramolecularly and intermolecularly hydrogen bonds in cellulose were cleaved by NaOH and urea, respectively. XPS and solid-state 13C NMR results showed that hydrogen bonds were generated after dissolution, and a dual-hydrogen-bond binding mode between urea and cellulose was confirmed by DFT calculations. Both the decrease of enthalpy and increase of entropy dominated the spontaneity of MCC dissolution, and that is the reason for the indispensability of cryogenic environment. The high apparent solubility of MCC in the slow-cooling process and the dissolution mechanism are beneficial for the studies on cellulose modification and mechanical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ai
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Wanguo Yu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
| | - Chengdu Huang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
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13
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Nkoh JN, Guan P, Li JY, Xu RK. Effect of carbon and nitrogen mineralization of chitosan and its composites with hematite/gibbsite on soil acidification of an Ultisol induced by urea. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140896. [PMID: 38070606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biodegradable polymer with a vast range of applications. Along with its metal composites, chitosan has been applied in the remediation of polluted soils as well as a biofertilizer. However, little attention has been given to the degradation of chitosan composites in soil and how they affect soil respiration rate and other physicochemical parameters. In this study, the degradation of chitosan and its composites with gibbsite and hematite in an acidic Ultisol and the effect on urea (200 mg N kg-1) transformation were investigated in a 70-d incubation experiment. The results showed that the change trends of soil pH, N forms, and CO2 emissions were similar for chitosan and its composites when applied at rates <5 g C kg-1. At a rate of 5 g C kg-1, the C and N mineralization trends suggested that the chitosan-gibbsite composite was more stable in soil and this stability was owed to the formation of a new chemical bond (CH-N-Al-Gibb) as observed in the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum at 1644 cm-1. The mineralization of the added materials significantly increased soil pH and decreased soil exchangeable acidity (P < 0.01). This played an important role in decreasing the amount of H+ produced during urea transformation in the soil. The soil's initial pH was an important factor influencing C and N mineralization trends. For instance, increasing the initial soil pH significantly increased the nitrification rate and chitosan decomposition trend (P < 0.01) and thus, the contribution of chitosan and its composites to increase soil pH and inhibit soil acidification during urea transformation was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that to achieve long-term effects of chitosan in soils, applying it as a chitosan-gibbsite complex is a better option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiu-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ren-Kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Gurbuz M, Acehan S, Satar S, Gulen M, Sevdımbas S, Ince C, Onan E. Mortality predictors of patients diagnosed with severe hyponatremia in the emergency department. Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03615-7. [PMID: 38291136 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the factors affecting mortality as a result of the analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of patients whose serum Na value was determined to be 125 mEq/L or below at the time of admission to the emergency department (ED). METHOD Patients over 18 years of age who admitted to the ED of a tertiary hospital between September 2021 and September 2022 and whose serum sodium level was determined to be 125 mEq/L and below were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, admission complaints, medications used, Charles comorbidity index (CCI), laboratory parameters, and outcomes of the patients included in the study were recorded in the data form. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-nine patients were included in the study. When the 30-day mortality of the patients is examined, the mortality rate was found to be 21.6%. In the analyses performed for the predictive power of laboratory parameters for mortality, it was determined that the highest predictive power among the predictive values determined by the area under the curve (AUC) was the albumin level (AUC 0.801, 95% CI 0.753-0.849, p < 0.001). In the binary logistic regression analysis, urea and albumin were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION According to study data, albumin and urea levels are independent predictors of 30-day mortality in patients diagnosed with severe hyponatremia in the emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Gurbuz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of Health Kilis Prof. Dr. Alaeddin Yavasca Hospital, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Selen Acehan
- Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Salim Satar
- Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Adana, Turkey
| | - Muge Gulen
- Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sarper Sevdımbas
- Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cagdas Ince
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of Health Bursa Karacabey Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Onan
- Department of Nephrology, Adana Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
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15
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Martínez González Á, Rodeiro Escobar P, Llópiz Castedo J, Díaz Vázquez M, Sánchez Juanas FDL, Villar Carballo M, López Ribera MJ, González Nunes M, Rodríguez Zorrilla S, Rodríguez González A. [Effectiveness of urea administration for the treatment of hyponatremia in heart failure]. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 162:56-59. [PMID: 37798246 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of urea in patients with hyponatremia and heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS This is a retrospective observational analytical study of patients with HF and hyponatremia (Na+ <135mmol/L). Forty-nine patients treated with urea and 47 patients who did not receive urea, all under standard treatment (according to usual clinical practice) for HF, were included and followed up at Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital in Vigo (Spain) between January 2013 and May 2022. The study evaluated the normalization of sodium levels (Na >135mmol/L). The initial natremia at the start of oral urea treatment was 127±5.22 mmol/L, at 24h the sodium level was 128±2.47 (P<.009), and the mean on the day of normalization was 135.19±4.23mmol/L (P<.005). The average number of days to achieve sodium normalization was 5.03±2.37 days. The initial uremia at the start of urea treatment was 73±46.93mg/dL, and the mean on the day of Na+ normalization was 116.05±63.64mg/dL (P<.002). The average oral urea dose was 22.5g/day. No relevant adverse effects were observed, nor were there significant changes in creatinine levels. CONCLUSIONS Oral urea treatment, when added to standard treatment for short periods of time, is safe and effective in correcting natremia in patients with hypervolemic HF with hyponatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Rodeiro Escobar
- Servició de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
| | - José Llópiz Castedo
- Servició de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
| | - María Díaz Vázquez
- Servició de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
| | | | - María Villar Carballo
- Servició de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
| | | | | | - Samuel Rodríguez Zorrilla
- Departamento de Medicina Oral, Cirugía Oral e Implantología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, España
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16
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Haines RW, Prowle JR, Day A, Bear DE, Heyland DK, Puthucheary Z. Association between urea trajectory and protein dose in critically ill adults: a secondary exploratory analysis of the effort protein trial (RE-EFFORT). Crit Care 2024; 28:24. [PMID: 38229072 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delivering higher doses of protein to mechanically ventilated critically ill patients did not improve patient outcomes and may have caused harm. Longitudinal urea measurements could provide additional information about the treatment effect of higher protein doses. We hypothesised that higher urea values over time could explain the potential harmful treatment effects of higher doses of protein. METHODS We conducted a reanalysis of a randomised controlled trial of higher protein doses in critical illness (EFFORT Protein). We applied Bayesian joint models to estimate the strength of association of urea with 30-day survival and understand the treatment effect of higher protein doses. RESULTS Of the 1301 patients included in EFFORT Protein, 1277 were included in this analysis. There were 344 deaths at 30 days post-randomisation. By day 6, median urea was 2.1 mmol/L higher in the high protein group (95% CI 1.1-3.2), increasing to 3.0 mmol/L (95% CI 1.3-4.7) by day 12. A twofold rise in urea was associated with an increased risk of death at 30 days (hazard ratio 1.34, 95% credible interval 1.21-1.48), following adjustment of baseline characteristics including age, illness severity, renal replacement therapy, and presence of AKI. This association persisted over the duration of 30-day follow-up and in models adjusting for evolution of organ failure over time. CONCLUSIONS The increased risk of death in patients randomised to a higher protein dose in the EFFORT Protein trial was estimated to be mediated by increased urea cycle activity, of which serum urea is a biological signature. Serum urea should be taken into consideration when initiating and continuing protein delivery in critically ill patients. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT03160547 (2017-05-17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Haines
- Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1BB, UK.
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - John R Prowle
- Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1BB, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Andrew Day
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston Health Science Center, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle E Bear
- Departments of Critical Care and Nutrition and Dietetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daren K Heyland
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Zudin Puthucheary
- Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1BB, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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17
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Kaliaperumal K, Bhat BA, Subramanian K, Ramakrishnan T, Chakravarthy E, Al-Keridis LA, Ahmad I, Alabdallah NM, Saeed M, Karunakaran R. In-vivo anti-hyperglycemic effect of herbal extracts Tribulus terrestris (L) and Curcuma amada (R) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and its associated histopathological studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24009. [PMID: 38230238 PMCID: PMC10789602 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dia/betes is a serious health concern in many countries with high blood glucose, obesity, and multiple organ failures in late stages. Treating diabetes with effective drugs is still a challenging issue since most of the available diabetic drugs are not effective in combating diabetes, especially in secondary disease complications like obesity, retinopathy, and nephropathy associated with diabetes. Hence search for effective antidiabetic medication, especially from natural sources is mandatory with no adverse side effects. In the present study, a combined herbal aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris and Curcuma amada was administered to diabetic-induced rats for 37 days. During experimentation, the mean blood glucose level was estimated and at the end of the experiment on the 37th day, the animal was sacrificed and observed for weight gain, plasma insulin, glycogen, glycated hemoglobin, urea, and creatinine level. The results revealed that TT and CA extract-treated diabetic groups significantly lowered the mean blood glucose level followed by increased glycogen and insulin level. Urea, creatinine, and HbA1c levels were considerably reduced in TT and CA-treated diabetic animals as compared to that of antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide-treated groups. TT and CA-treated diabetic animals showed considerable net body weight gain at the end of the experimental day. A concluding remark of the study shows that TT and CA herbal extract is effective against diabetes and it can be considered as an antidiabetic agent in ayurvedic medicine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Kaliaperumal
- Unit of Biomaterials Research, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Bhat
- Unit of Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaran Subramanian
- P.G.Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Centre, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Department of Computational Biology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Malaysia
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18
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Dong S, Suakollie EB, Cao S, Su X, Fan W, Yu Y, Xia J. Effect of NaNO 3, NH 4Cl and urea on the fate and transformation of various typical microplastics in porous media. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:123014. [PMID: 38006991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the transport behaviors of microplastics (MPs) in porous media is crucial in controlling MPs pollution. Given nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients in soil and groundwater systems, unclearness of the transport behaviors of microplastics (MPs) under various nitrogen conditions may inhibit the acknowledgment of MPs fate. For this reason, this study innovatively investigates the transport characteristics of four kinds of typical MPs (PVC MPs, PMMA MPs, PET MPs, and PP MPs) under various NaNO3, NH4Cl and urea conditions via column experiments numerical models. The FTIR and XPS analysis were conducted to excavate the transform of MPs. The MPs mobility was generally reduced with the increasing nitrogen concentrations. The polarity and density properties of different MPs played combined roles in transport under similar conditions. Compared to NO3-, NH4+ may neutralize the negative charge of MPs and then restrain their transport in porous media. Urea may coat the surface of MPs and promote the mobility, however, increasing concentrations of urea may result in the interattraction between MPs and porous media via hydrogen-bond and π-π interaction. PET MPs and PP MPs showed barely transform during transport under the tested conditions. Particularly, the chlorines on PVC MPs could react with the amide on urea and produce amidogen, which may improve PVC MPs transport. The N-H and C-N bond also generated on PMMA MPs in presence of urea also may enhance the mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Dong
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Emmanuel B Suakollie
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shaohua Cao
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoting Su
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Weiya Fan
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yulu Yu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jihong Xia
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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19
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Li H, Song X, Wu D, Wei D, Ju X. Digestate induces significantly higher N 2O emission compared to urea under different soil properties and moisture. Environ Res 2024; 241:117617. [PMID: 37967706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Digestate is considered as an option for recycling resources and a part of the substitution for chemical fertilizers to reduce environmental impacts. However, its application may lead to significant nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions because of its high concentration of ammonium and degradable carbon. The research objectives are to evaluate how N2O emissions respond to digestate as compared to urea application and whether this depends on soil properties and moisture. Either digestate or urea (100 mg N kg-1) was applied with and without a nitrification inhibitor of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) to three soil types (fluvo-aquic soil, black soil, and latosol) under three different soil moisture conditions (45, 65, and 85% water-filled pore space (WFPS)) through microcosm incubations. Results showed that digestate- and urea-induced N2O emissions increased exponentially with soil moisture in the three studied soils, and the magnitude of the increase was much greater in the alkaline fluvo-aquic soil, coinciding with high net nitrification rate and transient nitrite accumulation. Compared with urea-amended soils, digestate led to significantly higher peaks in N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which might be due to stimulated rapid oxygen consumption and mineralized N supply. Digestate-induced N2O emissions were all more than one time higher than those induced by urea at the three moisture levels in the three studied soils, except at 85% WFPS in the fluvo-aquic soil. DMPP was more effective at mitigating N2O emissions (inhibitory efficacy: 73%-99%) in wetter digestate-fertilized soils. Overall, our study shows the contrasting effect of digestate to urea on N2O emissions under different soil properties and moisture levels. This is of particular value for determining the optimum of applying digestate under varying soil moisture conditions to minimize stimulated N2O emissions in specific soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoruo Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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20
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Veligratli F, Alexandrou D, Shah S, Amin R, Dattani M, Gan HW, Famuboni A, Lopez-Garcia C, Trompeter R, Bockenhauer D. Tolvaptan and urea in paediatric hyponatraemia. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:177-183. [PMID: 37466863 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is usually treated with fluid restriction. This can be challenging in patients with obligate fluid intake for nutrition or medication. Pharmaceutical treatment with tolvaptan and urea is available but minimal paediatric data are available. We review the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan and urea in paediatric patients with SIADH. METHODS Retrospective review of paediatric inpatients with clinical diagnosis of SIADH. Patients were identified from pharmacy records based on tolvaptan and urea prescriptions. Relevant information was extracted from patient electronic records. The main outcome measures included the number of days to sodium normalisation, the daily change in plasma sodium concentration, and the maximum increase of plasma sodium concentration in 24 h. Reported side effects were captured. RESULTS Thirteen patients received tolvaptan and six urea. Five patients had both agents (tolvaptan converted to urea). Tolvaptan led to plasma sodium normalisation in 10/13 (77%) within 6 days (median 2.5 days, range [1, 6]), with a median change of sodium concentration of 7 mmol/L (- 1, 14) within the first 24 h of treatment. Three patients experienced a change in plasma sodium > 10 mmol/l/day but had no apparent side effects. Urea led to sodium normalisation in 5/6 (83%) patients. The median number of days to normalisation with urea was 2 (1, 10) with a median change of plasma sodium concentration of 2 mmol/L (- 1, 6) within the first 24 h. All patients tolerated tolvaptan and/or urea without unexpected side effects. CONCLUSIONS Tolvaptan and urea appear to be safe and effective when fluid restriction is challenging in paediatric SIADH. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidra Veligratli
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Demitra Alexandrou
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarit Shah
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rakesh Amin
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mehul Dattani
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hoong-Wei Gan
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adeola Famuboni
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- UCL Department of Renal Medicine, London, UK.
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, University Hospital and Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Le T, Esfahani MR. Superfast adsorption of small and uncharged urea from water using post-sonicated iron-based metal-organic framework. Chemosphere 2024; 347:140566. [PMID: 37939927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Urea is widely used in fertilizer production for agricultural purposes which risks runoff into soil and water sources. An excess of urea can result in algal or toxic blooms which can poison wildlife or even humans by accumulation in food sources. The removal of urea from water is challenging due to the small size (0.254 nm) and uncharged surface of urea. Intensive research has been conducted on a variety of methods to remove environmental concentrations of urea using adsorbents, but most of them lack effective removal, require long (>2 h) process time, and lack re-generability. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the new generation of adsorbents with excellent structural and functional group tunability. In this study, we synthesized MIL-100 (Fe), an iron-based MOF, as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of uncharged urea from water. The urea adsorption capacity of MIL-100 (Fe) was tested under varying experimental conditions such as pH (2-10), temperature (25-65 °C), MOF concentration (25-400 ppm), and urea concentration (25-1000 ppm). The results showed the superfast adsorption (more than 85% removal within 2 min) of neutrally charged urea molecules on MIL-100 (Fe). The MOF was able to reach a maximum adsorption efficiency of around 85% with a maximum uptake capacity of 3321 mg/g. The MIL-100 (Fe) showed acceptable re-generability by retaining up to 90% removal efficiency after four regeneration cycles. The urea adsorption followed pseudo 2nd-order adsorption kinetics and dipole-dipole interactions and π-NH bonding were the primary adsorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Le
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Milad R Esfahani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States.
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22
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Okamoto S, Taniguchi M, Okumura R. Extraction of Mucins from the Mammalian Intestinal Tract. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:71-78. [PMID: 38347401 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In the intestine, mucus covering the mucosa plays a critical role in maintaining gut homeostasis by protecting the mucosa from invasion by commensal bacteria. The gut mucus is composed primarily of MUC2 mucin secreted by goblet cells. MUC2 is highly O-glycosylated, and O-glycans are necessary for the function and polymer structure of MUC2. In addition, recent evidence revealed that several glycan modifications, such as sialylation and sulfation, confer resistance of mucins to proteolysis and affect the viscosity and lubricity of mucus. Therefore, characterizing glycan structures of mucins is required to understand their functions fully. In this chapter, we describe how to purify secreted mucins from the mammalian intestine for analysis of their glycan structures. This description includes the extraction of MUC2 mucin from the mucosal surface of the mouse colon and colon explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mugen Taniguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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23
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Choi SJ, Crane L, Kang S, Boyer TH, Perreault F. Removal of urea in ultrapure water system by urease-coated reverse osmosis membrane. Water Res X 2024; 22:100211. [PMID: 38298331 PMCID: PMC10825517 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Among the various substances found in the feed source for the production of ultrapure water (UPW), urea is challenging to remove because it is a small molecular weight molecule that is not easily oxidized and does not carry a charge under neutral pH conditions. Urease enzyme, found in various organisms such as plants and bacteria, catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. In this study, urease was immobilized on the polyamide layer of a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane to remove urea in UPW systems. The removal efficiency of urea by urease-coated RO membrane showed up to 27.9 % higher urea removal efficiency compared to the pristine membrane. This increase in urea removal can be attributed to both physical and biological effects from the urease coating on the membrane. Firstly, urease on the membrane surface can act as an additional physical barrier for urea to pass through. Secondly, urea can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme when it passes through the urease-coated RO membrane. In a two-pass RO system typical for UPW production, the removal of urea by a urease-coated membrane would be enhanced by twofold. This overall method can significantly increase the removal efficiency of urea in UPW systems, especially when considering the compounded removal by the urease coating, rejection by RO, and additional reactions by other treatment processes. Moreover, urea in UPW systems can be removed without the installment of additional processes by simply coating urease on the existing RO membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Choi
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Lucas Crane
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Seoktae Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Treavor H. Boyer
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - François Perreault
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec in Montreal, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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24
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Shalileh F, Sabahi H, Golbashy M, Dadmehr M, Hosseini M. A simple smartphone-assisted paper-based colorimetric biosensor for the detection of urea adulteration in milk based on an environment-friendly pH-sensitive nanocomposite. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1284:341935. [PMID: 37996167 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Urea is a common milk adulterant that falsely increases its protein content. Excessive consumption of urea is harmful to the kidney, liver, and gastrointestinal system. The conventional methods for urea detection in milk are time-consuming, costly, and require highly skilled operators. So, there is an increasing demand for the development of rapid, convenient, and cost-efficient methods for the detection of urea adulteration in milk. Herein, we report a novel colorimetric paper-based urea biosensor, consisting of a novel environment-friendly nanocomposite of halloysite nanotubes (HNT), that urease enzyme and an anthocyanin-rich extract, as a natural pH indicator are simultaneously immobilized into its internal and external surfaces. The biosensing mechanism of this biosensor is based on anthocyanin color change, which occurs due to urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea and pH increment of the environment. The colorimetric signal of this biosensor is measured through smartphone-assisted analysis of the mean RGB (Red-Green-Blue) intensity of samples and is capable of detecting urea with a detection limit of 0.2 mM, and a linear range from 0.5 to 100 mM. This biosensor has demonstrated promising results for the detection of urea in milk samples, in the presence of other milk adulterants and interferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shalileh
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sabahi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Golbashy
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadmehr
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Tang X, Li Y, Liu M, Hou L, Han P. Abundance, diversity and physiological preferences of comammox Nitrospira in urban groundwater. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:167333. [PMID: 37748616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox Nitrospira), catalyze complete nitrification process in a single organism, are frequently detected in groundwater ecosystem. However, the ecological niches and environmental driving factors of comammox Nitrospira in urban groundwater are largely unknown. Here we investigated the communities of ammonia oxidizers in urban groundwater located in Shanghai city, China. Quantitative analysis demonstrated the dominance of comammox Nitrospira over classical ammonia oxidizers (ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria, AOA and AOB). Phylogenetic analysis showed clades B and A2 comprise the majority of comammox Nitrospira groups. Temperature was one of the most vital factors affecting comammox Nitrospira community. Furthermore, clade A comammox Nitrospira can be enriched by urea substrate, which was in line with the ability of utilizing urea by the pure clade A comammox culture Nitrospira inopinata. In addition, we observed that relatively low temperature (<20 °C) and high copper levels (>0.04 mg L-1) can stimulate the growth of comammox Nitrospira. Overall, this study revealed the presence, diversity and physiological preferences of comammox Nitrospira in urban groundwater nitrification, shedding insights on the ecological roles of comammox Nitrospira in subsurface environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ping Han
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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26
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C R, Ghosh K, A SB, Rawal P, Pramanik S. In vivo antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potentials of Rivina humilis extract against streptozotocin induced diabetes and its complications in wistar rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1373-1383. [PMID: 37975104 PMCID: PMC10638325 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This current research study was designed to investigate beneficial effects of R. humilis (Rivina humilis) against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods The R. humilis ethanol extract was prepared using soxhlet and its phenol content was determined. The type-2 diabetes was induced in rats by giving fructose mixed drinking water and single dose of streptozotocin. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed after 72 h of streptozotocin to check ability of extract to utilize oral glucose load with 2 h. The extract was also tested for its potentials to reduce blood glucose (BGL) and diabetic complications by administering to diabetic rats for 21 days. Blood glucose was determined on day 1, 7, 14 and 21. At 21st day, blood samples were collected from experimental rats were euthanized to collect pancreas and liver. Liver and kidney function tests, HbAc1 and lipid profile was established from blood samples. Pancreas was subjected to histopathological examination and liver was used to determine antioxidant enzymes. In vitro study was done to investigate the effect of extract on glucose utilization by rat hemidiaphragm. Results In OGTT, administration of extract could stimulate glucose utilization which was witnessed by significant BGL reduction at 90 and 120 min in therapeutic groups compare to diabetics. In chronic study, we observed significant reduction in BGL on 21st day and all tests performed to determine liver and kidney function, HbAc1, vitamin E were normal in extract treated groups. There was significant increase in liver antioxidant enzymes in therapeutic groups which revealed regeneration of β-cells in therapeutic groups. Conclusion The results of research demonstrated significant antidiabetic potentials in R. humilis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01258-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C
- Department of Pharmacology, East West College of Pharmacy, No-63, I Bharath Nagar, Off Magadi Road Vishwaneedam (PO), Bangalore, 560091 India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, East West College of Pharmacy, No-63, I Bharath Nagar, Off Magadi Road Vishwaneedam (PO), Bangalore, 560091 India
| | - Sowmya B A
- Department of Pharmacology, East West College of Pharmacy, No-63, I Bharath Nagar, Off Magadi Road Vishwaneedam (PO), Bangalore, 560091 India
| | - Pinkey Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Soma Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
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27
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Pinki F, Costello DA, Stewart G. Regional investigation of UT-B urea transporters in the rat brain. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 36:101563. [PMID: 37929290 PMCID: PMC10624589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported increased levels of urea in the aging brain and various neurological disorders. Additionally, these diseased tissues also have increased expression of the UT-B transporter that regulates urea transport in the brain. However, little is known regarding the actual UT-B protein distribution across the brain in either normal or diseased states. This current study investigated UT-B protein abundance across three regions of the rat brain - anterior, posterior and cerebellum. Endpoint RT-PCR experiments showed that there were no regional differences in UT-B RNA expression (NS, N = 3, ANOVA), whilst Western blotting confirmed no difference in the abundance of a 35 kDa UT-B protein (NS, N = 3-4, ANOVA). In contrast, there was a significant variation in a non-UT-B 100 kDa protein (P < 0.001, N = 3-4, ANOVA), which was also detected by anti-UT-B antibodies. Using the C6 rat astrocyte cell line, Western blot analysis showed that 48-h incubation in either 5 mM or 10 mM significantly increased a 30-45 kDa UT-B protein signal (P < 0.05, N = 3, ANOVA). Furthermore, investigation of compartmentalized C6 protein samples showed the 30-45 kDa signal in the membrane fraction, whilst the 100 kDa non-UT-B signal was predominantly in the cytosolic fraction. Finally, immunolocalization studies gave surprisingly weak detection of rat UT-B, except for strong staining of red blood cells in the cerebellum. In conclusion, this study confirmed that RNA expression and protein abundance of UT-B were equal across all regions of the rat brain, suggesting that urea levels were also similar. However, it also highlighted some of the technical challenges of studying urea transporters at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Pinki
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Derek A Costello
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gavin Stewart
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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28
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Kukreja N, Rodriguez IE, Moore HB, LaRiviere W, Crouch C, Stewart E, Nydam TL, Kennealey P, Hendrickse AD, Pomfret EA, Fernandez-Bustamante A. The in-vitro influence of urea concentration on thromboelastrography in patients with and without end stage renal disease. Am J Surg 2023; 226:817-822. [PMID: 37407391 PMCID: PMC10733546 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND End stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with platelet dysfunction but also thromboembolic complications. The specific role of increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) on coagulation is unclear. We aimed to characterize thromboelastography (TEG) parameters from males and females with ESRD and normal kidney function and evaluate if exogenous urea in vitro reproduced those TEG differences. METHODS We collected blood samples from 20 living kidney donors and 20 kidney recipients. TEG was performed without and with two increasing urea concentrations in vitro. TEG parameters were compared between recipients and donors. RESULTS Blood from kidney recipients showed baseline increased maximum amplitude (MA) and shortened time to maximum amplitude (TMA) compared to donors. These differences were not confirmed in females. In all patients, BUN was inversely correlated with TMA (r = -0.342; p = 0.031). In males, BUN and creatinine concentrations showed a direct correlation with MA (0.583; p = 0.007) and an inverse correlation with TMA (r = -0.520; p = 0.019). Urea in vitro decreased R-time (p = 0.005) and increased LY30 (p = 0.009) in donors but not recipients. CONCLUSIONS ESRD is associated with increased MA and decreased TMA on TEG. No change in MA was observed with increasing urea concentrations in vitro. Gender-specific variability in TEG parameters were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kukreja
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Ivan E Rodriguez
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education (CCTCARE). Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hunter B Moore
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education (CCTCARE). Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Cara Crouch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erin Stewart
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Trevor L Nydam
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education (CCTCARE). Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter Kennealey
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education (CCTCARE). Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adrian D Hendrickse
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Pomfret
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education (CCTCARE). Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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29
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Colombo F, Milani M. Palatability of two different formulations of urea for the treatment of hyponatremia: A double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:350-354. [PMID: 38057026 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyponatremia (HN) is the most common disorder of electrolytes encountered in clinical practice. Considering that HN is associated with high morbidity and mortality, it is important to identify treatments for these patients. The therapeutic approaches for HN depend on the severity and the character of the pathology (acute vs. chronic). Among intervention strategies, oral urea represents an effective, safe, and well-tolerated therapeutic approach in the management of chronic hyponatremia. Oral ureal is commonly prepared as a galenic formulation that is usually associated with distaste problems. A double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical trial was conducted to evaluate and compare the palatability of two different urea formulations: a commercial urea formulation and a galenic one (trial registered on www.isrctn.com, number: ISRCTN18369035). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six healthy subjects (18 female and 18 male, median age 55 years) were enrolled in the study and randomized to consume 7 g of formulation A (commercial formulation) or formulation B (galenic formulation) twice a day away from meals, solubilizing the products in 125 mL of water (T0). After three days of a wash-out, the formulations were crossed-over and consumed twice a day away from meals (T4). After the consumption of products, both in the morning and the evening, participants completed a specific questionnaire to evaluate the products' palatability. RESULTS The commercial formulation was globally more appreciated than the galenic one, in terms of smell, taste, and aftertaste. The commercial formulation was better accepted as a potential treatment in 44 % of subjects compared to 14 % of subjects for galenic formulation. CONCLUSIONS The clinical trial confirmed the better palatability of the commercial oral urea formulation, containing citrus flavor, which therefore represents a therapeutic strategy that could improve adherence to the therapy in chronic patients with hyponatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Colombo
- Medical Department, Cantabria Labs Difa Cooper, Via Milano 160, Caronno Pertusella, VA, Italy.
| | - Massimo Milani
- Medical Department, Cantabria Labs Difa Cooper, Via Milano 160, Caronno Pertusella, VA, Italy
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30
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Arnaldi G, Arvat E, Berton AM, Corona G, Faustini Fustini M, Ferrante E, Razzore P, Peri A. Endocrinologists at work: management of hyponatremia in clinical practice. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2453-2457. [PMID: 37452912 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Arnaldi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Arvat
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A M Berton
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Faustini Fustini
- Programma di Neurochirurgia Ipofisi - Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Ferrante
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Razzore
- Endocrinology Unit, AO Ordine Mauriziano, Largo Turati 62, 10128, Turin, Italy
| | - A Peri
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Silva A, Pereira Filho JM, Oliveira J, Lucena K, Mazza P, Silva Filho E, Nascimento A, Pereira E, Vaz A, Barbosa A, Oliveira R, Bezerra L. Effect of slow-release urea on intake, ingestive behavior, digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, microbial protein production, blood and ruminal parameters of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:414. [PMID: 37996715 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We conducted two experiments. The first aimed to obtain and characterize microparticles of slow-release urea (SRU) using calcium alginate as the encapsulating agent. The second experiment evaluated their inclusion in sheep diets. In the first experiment, four treatments from a completely randomized design were employed to develop an SRU through the ionic gelification technique testing two drying methods (oven and lyophilizer) and addition or no of sulfur (S): SRU oven-dried with sulfur (MUSO) and without sulfur (MUO), SRU freeze-dried/lyophilized with (MUSL), and without sulfur (MUL). MUO exhibited better yield and encapsulation efficiency among these formulations than the others. Therefore, the second experiment was conducted to compare free urea (U) as control and three proportions (1%, 1.5%, and 2% of total dry matter) of MUO in the diet of sheep. Twenty-four non-castrated male Santa Ines lambs, with an average body weight of 22 ± 3.0 kg, were used and distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. The inclusion of 1% alginate-encapsulated urea (MUO1%) resulted in higher dry matter (DM) intake than free urea (p ≤ 0.05). MUO2% inclusion promoted higher NDF digestibility than U and MUO1%. MUO1% showed higher DM than MUO2% and higher NFC digestibility than U and MUO2% (p ≤ 0.05). Sheep fed MUO1.5% and MUO2% exhibited similar nutrient intake and digestibility. Sheep receiving MUO1% had higher N-intake, N-urinary, N-excretion total, N-digested, and N-retained compared to U. Sheep fed MUO1% showed greater N-retained (as % ingested and digested), microbial protein production, and efficiency when compared to other treatments (p ≤ 0.05). MUO2% addition (SRU) promoted the lowest microbial protein production and efficiency in sheep. MUO dietary inclusion increased feeding time and reduced idleness time compared to U, regardless of the MUO level (p ≤ 0.05). Adding MUO1% improved the intake efficiency of DM and NDF and resulted in more feed boli than the other MUO levels (p ≤ 0.05). Sheep receiving U had (4 h after fending) higher NH3-N, pH, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lower TGL serum compared to sheep fed MUO (p ≤ 0.05), without significant difference among MUO levels (p > 0.05), except NH3-N was higher in MUO1.5% and MUO2% compared to MUO1.0%. The external ionic gelation technique proved suitable for urea microencapsulation in calcium alginate (3%), demonstrating high quality, efficiency, and yield. MUO represents a promising slow-release urea for ruminants and is recommended for sheep diets at an inclusion level of 1.0%. This inclusion level improves intake efficiency and nutrient digestibility, increases rumen nitrogen retention, and reduces BUN without compromising sheep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - José Morais Pereira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Juliana Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Gloria, Sergipe, 49680000, Brazil
| | - Kevily Lucena
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mazza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Edson Silva Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piaui, Ininga, S/N, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Ariane Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piaui, Ininga, S/N, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Elzânia Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, Mister Hull Avenue, Fortaleza, Ceara, 60356000, Brazil
| | - Antônio Vaz
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Analivia Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Leilson Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil.
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Min Y, Yi J, Dai R, Liu W, Chen H. A novel efficient wet process for preparing cross-linked starch: Impact of urea on cross-linking performance. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121247. [PMID: 37659826 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Although wet processes are promising for preparing cross-linked starch, they are currently challenged by lower cross-linking efficiency and the requirement of large amounts of salts. Herein, an efficient and greener wet process was proposed, in which the cross-linking performance between sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and starch was enhanced with the aid of urea. The maximum degree of substitution (DS) of the urea-phosphorylated cross-linked starch (UPCS) was 0.040 at 35 °C, while that of the conventional phosphorylated cross-linked starch (CPCS) was 0.031 at 45 °C. Compared with CPCS, the maximum DS of UPCS was elevated by 29.03 %, but its optimum cross-linking temperature was reduced by 10 °C, indicating that the cross-linking efficiency of this novel wet process was greatly improved by urea. The structural difference between UPCS and CPCS was confirmed by using a series of techniques including 31P NMR and 13C NMR. Zeta potential results suggested that urea may promote starch cross-linking by preventing the closure of active sites through hydrophobic interactions. Due to the structural reinforcement of starch by urea, UPCS showed better thermal stability, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and steady shear tolerance properties. This study provides a facile wet process for the fabrication and application of cross-linked starch materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Min
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Yi
- College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Rui Dai
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Ampawong S, Tirawanchai N, Kanjanapruthipong T, Fongsodsri K, Tuentam K, Isarangkul D, Aramwit P. Sericin enhances ammonia detoxification by promotes urea cycle enzyme genes and activates hepatic autophagy in relation to CARD-9/MAPK pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21563. [PMID: 38027599 PMCID: PMC10654145 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea cycle is an important metabolic process that initiates in liver mitochondria and converts ammonia to urea. The impairment of ammonia detoxification, both primary and secondary causes, lead to hyperammonemia, a life-threatening condition affecting to the brain. Current treatments are not enough effective. In addition, our recent proteomics study in hypercholesterolemic rat model demonstrated that sericin enhances hepatic nitrogenous waste removal through carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 (CPS-1), aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH-2), and uricase proteins. However, the underlining mechanisms regard to this property is not clarified yet. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the effect of sericin on urea cycle enzyme genes (CPS-1 and ornithine transcarbamylase; OTC) and proteins (mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPK, caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9; CARD-9, Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3; LC-3), which relate to urea production and liver homeostasis in hepatic cell line (HepG2) and hypercholesterolemic rat treated with or without sericin. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy techniques were performed. In vitro study determined that high dose of sericin at 1 mg/ml increased liver detoxification enzyme (Cytochrome P450 1A2; CYP1A2 and ALDH-2) and urea cycle enzyme (CPS-1 and OTC) genes. Both in HepG2 cell and rat liver mitochondria, sericin significantly downregulated CARD-9 (apoptotic protein) expression while upregulated MAPK (hepatic homeostasis protein) and LC-3 (autophagic protein) expressions. Hence, it might be concluded that sericin promotes ammonia detoxification by both increases urea cycle enzyme genes and enhances hepatic autophagy in associated with CARD-9/MAPK pathway (as shown by their own negative relationship). This study presents another beneficial property of sericin to develop an upcoming candidate for ammonia toxicity alleviation and liver function improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Napatara Tirawanchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Fongsodsri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Khwanchanok Tuentam
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangnate Isarangkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- The Academy Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Abo Zaid MH, El-Enany N, Mostafa AE, Hadad GM, Belal F. Estimation of Two Diuretics Using Fluorescent Nitrogen Doped Carbon Quantum Dots: Application to Spiked Human Plasma and Tablets. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2209-2218. [PMID: 37000365 PMCID: PMC10640469 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were prepared by a single-step method based on microwave heating of cane sugar and urea. The produced N-CQDs were applied as nano-sensors for the spectrofluorimetric determination of eplerenone and spironolactone. A strong emission band at 376 nm was obtained after excitation at 216 nm due to the produced N-CQDs. The native fluorescence of N-CQDs was obviously quenched upon adding increased concentrations of each drug. A strong correlation was found between the fluorescence quenching of N-CQDs and the concentration of each drug. The method was found to be linear over the range of 0.5 to 5.0 μg/mL for eplerenone and 0.5 to 6.0 μg/mL for spironolactone with LOQ of 0.383 μg/mL and 0.262 μg/mL. The developed method was further extended for determination of both drugs in their pharmaceutical tablets and spiked human plasma. The results obtained were statistically compared with those of reported methods. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of N-CQDs by the two drugs was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H Abo Zaid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 35712, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Nahed El-Enany
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, 7723730, Egypt
| | - Aziza E Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Hadad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Ahn SH, Glibert PM, Heil CA. In hot water: Interactions of temperature, nitrogen form and availability and photosynthetic and nitrogen uptake responses in natural Karenia brevis populations. Harmful Algae 2023; 129:102519. [PMID: 37951619 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
During 2020-2021, an unusually prolonged bloom of the toxigenic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis persisted for more than 12 months along the Gulf coast of Florida, resulting in severe environmental effects. Motivated by the possibility that unusual nutrient conditions existed during summer 2021, the short-term interactions of temperature, nitrogen (N) forms (ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), and urea) and availability on photosynthesis-irradiance responses and N uptake rates were examined in summer 2021 and compared to such responses from the earlier winter. Winter samples were exposed to temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 °C while summer samples were incubated at 15, 25, 30, 33 °C, representing the maximum range the cells might experience throughout the water column due to daytime surface heating or extreme weather events. Depending on thermal history of the cells, photosynthetic performance differed when cells were exposed to the same temperature, showing a capacity for thermal acclimation in this species. Although blooms generally do not persist throughout the summer, bloom biomass was remarkably higher in summer than during the winter. However, most of the photosynthetic parameters and N uptake rates, as well as total carbon (C) and N cell-1 were significantly lower in the summer populations, showing that the summer populations were photosynthetically and nutritionally stressed. When the summer cells were treated with urea, however, uptake rates and total C and N cell-1 were higher than with the other N substrates, especially in warmer waters, showing differential thermal responses depending on N forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Ahn
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 2020 Horns Point Road, Cambridge, MD 21613, United States.
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 2020 Horns Point Road, Cambridge, MD 21613, United States
| | - Cynthia A Heil
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236, United States
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Priyam A, Seth P, Mishra J, Manna PK, Singh PP. Occupational safety assessment of biogenic urea nanofertilisers using in vitro pulmonary, and in vivo ocular models. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21623. [PMID: 38027743 PMCID: PMC10660040 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are now gaining popularity to be used in agriculture as fertilisers to reduce the dose of conventional fertilisers and enhance nutrient use efficiency. Urea has found its application as a conventional nitrogenous fertiliser since long, however, the nutrient use efficiency of the bulk form of urea is low due to issues related to ammonia volatilisation. This study proposes a biogenic synthesis route to develop urea nanoparticles that can be used as nano-fertiliser for better uptake and hence improved nutrient efficiency. Large scale production and widespread application of these nano-fertilisers to the agricultural fields will enhance the direct exposure to workers and farmers. Therefore, the occupational safety evaluation becomes critical. In this study, we report a new method for synthesis of urea nanoparticles (TNU, absolute size: 12.14 ± 7.79 nm) followed by nano-safety evaluation. Herein, the pulmonary and ocular compatibilities of TNU were investigated in vitro and in vivo respectively. The assay for cellular mitochondrial activity was carried out on human lung fibroblasts (WI-38) under varied TNU exposure concentrations up to 72 h. The acute biocompatibility effect, ocular irritation and sub-lethal effects were measured on New Zealand Rabbit. The results show that TNU do not exhibit any cytotoxicity and detrimental cell mitochondrial activity up to the highest tested concentration of 1000 μg/mL and 72 h of testing. The animal experiment results also show that neither acute nor sub-lethal toxic effects can be detected after TNU ocular instillation up to 21 days when tested up to environmentally relevant concentration of 15 μg/mL. These results suggest the occupational safety of biogenic urea nanoparticles and support its application as nanofertiliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Priyam
- National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
- IMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3217, Australia
| | - Prerna Seth
- National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Jibananda Mishra
- AAL Biosciences Research Pvt. Ltd., Panchkula, Haryana, 134109, India
| | - Palash Kumar Manna
- National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Pushplata Prasad Singh
- National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
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Yang S, Zhang W, Pan G, Chen J, Deng J, Chen K, Xie X, Han D, Dai M, Niu L. Photocatalytic Co-Reduction of N 2 and CO 2 with CeO 2 Catalyst for Urea Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312076. [PMID: 37667537 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The effective conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and nitrogen (N2 ) into urea by photocatalytic reaction under mild conditions is considered to be a more environmentally friendly and promising alternative strategies. However, the weak adsorption and activation ability of inert gas on photocatalysts has become the main challenge that hinder the advancement of this technique. Herein, we have successfully established mesoporous CeO2-x nanorods with adjustable oxygen vacancy concentration by heat treatment in Ar/H2 (90 % : 10 %) atmosphere, enhancing the targeted adsorption and activation of N2 and CO2 by introducing oxygen vacancies. Particularly, CeO2 -500 (CeO2 nanorods heated treatment at 500 °C) revealed high photocatalytic activity toward the C-N coupling reaction for urea synthesis with a remarkable urea yield rate of 15.5 μg/h. Besides, both aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to research the atomic surface structure of CeO2 -500 at high resolution and to monitor the key intermediate precursors generated. The reaction mechanism of photocatalytic C-N coupling was studied in detail by combining Density Functional Theory (DFT) with specific experiments. We hope this work provides important inspiration and guiding significance towards highly efficient photocatalytic synthesis of urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Pan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Deng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xianglun Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510230, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, c/o Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P. R. China
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Huang B, Huang Z, Wang H, Zhu G, Liao H, Wang Z, Yang B, Ran J. High urea induces anxiety disorders associated with chronic kidney disease by promoting abnormal proliferation of OPC in amygdala. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175905. [PMID: 37640220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with anxiety disorder is of a great concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. Urea, as an important toxin in CKD, is not only a pathological factor for complications in patients with CKD, but also is accumulated in the brain of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the pathological role and underlying regulatory mechanism of urea in CKD related mood disorders have not been well established. We previously reported a depression phenotype in mice with abnormal urea metabolism. Since patients with depression are more likely to suffer from anxiety, we speculate that high urea may be an important factor causing anxiety in CKD patients. In adenine-induced CKD mouse model and UT-B-/- mouse model, multiple behavioral studies confirmed that high urea induces anxiety-like behavior. Single-cell transcriptome revealed that down-regulation of Egr1 induced compensatory proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC). Myelin-related signaling pathways of oligodendrocytes (OL) were change significant in the urea accumulation amygdala. The study showed that high urea downregulated Egr1 with subsequent upregulation of ERK pathways in OPCs. These data indicate that the pathological role and molecular mechanism of high urea in CKD-related anxiety, and provide objective serological indicator and a potential new drug target for the prevention and treatment of anxiety in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyue Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, And State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhen Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, And State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Rehabilitation, Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine 2 Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, And State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Phillip YL, Hassanien HAM, Abou El-Fadel MH, El-Badawy MM, El-Sanafawy HA, Hussein AM, Salem AZM. Effect of acetic acid addition to rice straw pre-treated with urea on performance of dairy ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:351. [PMID: 37798590 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the effect of acetic acid addition to rice straws that had been already treated with urea on chemical composition, digestibility, nutritive value, and productive performance of ewes. Thirty ewes with an initial body weight of 44 ± 0.41 kg were chosen 7 days after parturition and divided into 3 groups (10 of each) for 3 months. Each group was assigned randomly to receive one of the three experimental rations composed of concentrate feed mixture and untreated rice straw as a control group (G1), urea-treated rice straw (G2), and urea-acetic acid-treated rice straw (G3). Digestibility coefficients and nutritive value were determined using fifteen mature rams and blood samples were obtained at the end of the collecting period. Findings indicated that the crude protein of rice straw was increased, and crude fiber content was decreased by either urea or urea-acetic acid rations (i.e., G2 and G3). Digestibility of most nutrients was increased (P < 0.05) for animals fed either G2 or G3 rations. There were no significant differences in nutritive value as total digestible nutrients (TDN) among tested groups; however, digestible crude protein (DCP) increased (P < 0.05) for G2 and G3 rations. Plasma total protein, AST, creatinine, and urea were increased (P < 0.05) by feeding on G2 or G3 ration; however, plasma ALT was not affected. The average daily intake of dry matter (DM), TDN, and DCP was higher for G2 and G3 rations. Actual milk yield, fat-corrected milk (FCM), percentages of fat, and total solids and constituents yield were increased (P < 0.05) by feeding on treated rice straw rations (i.e., G2 and G3); however, the percentages of protein, lactose, solids not fat, and ash were not affected. In the 1st month after parturition, the changes in ewes body weight were less (P < 0.05) when they fed on G2 and G3 rations than the control one (G1)). Dams' production and offspring performance were improved (P < 0.05) by feeding on G2 and G3 rations. Feed conversion as kg DMI/kg FCM, kg TDN/kg FCM, and economic efficiency was improved for G2 and G3. In concluded, adding acetic acid to urea-treated rice straw may improve the performance of ewes fed on it and increase their milk production and profitability. The same trend was observed with (G2) which received urea-treated rice straw ration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef L Phillip
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan A M Hassanien
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Magdy H Abou El-Fadel
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Badawy
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba A El-Sanafawy
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hussein
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico.
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Ferreira M, Delagarde R, Edouard N. Nitrogen balance in dairy cows fed low-nitrogen diets based on various proportions of fresh grass and maize silage. Animal 2023; 17:100976. [PMID: 37757524 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To ensure sustainable and efficient production, dairy farms must reduce their environmental impacts and nitrogen losses, which are sources of pollution, while increasing their feed self-sufficiency. Grass-based dairy systems, frequently combine fresh grass with maize silage when grass is scarce or during dietary transitions. However, the effects of combining fresh grass and maize silage on cow performance and N excretion are poorly known. This study aimed to quantify the effects of increasing the proportion of maize silage in a fresh grass diet on cow N flows and metabolism, in the context of grass-based dairy systems. Four proportions of maize silage in a fresh grass diet (objectives of 0, 17, 34 and 51% DM of maize silage) were investigated. The experiment was performed in a 4 × 3 Latin square design using eight lactating cows during three 3-week periods. DM intake (DMI), milk yield, faeces and urine outputs, and their N concentrations were measured for each cow. The fresh grass CP concentration was lower than planned (106 ± 13.0 g/kg DM). This resulted in very low dietary CP concentration, which decreased from 108 to 86 g/kg DM when maize silage in the diet increased from 0 to 51% DM, respectively. DM intake and milk yield both decreased linearly by 3.3 kg/day from 0 to 51% DM of maize silage in the diet. Thus, N intake decreased linearly by 100 g/day from 0 to 51% DM of maize silage in the diet. The N concentration of milk was highest for the diet with 0% DM of maize silage. Nitrogen excreted in faeces and urine decreased linearly by 29 and 23 g/day, respectively, from 0 to 51% DM of maize silage in the diet. The low dietary N concentration resulted in low ruminal NH3-N concentrations (8 mg/L, on average) and urinary urea excretion (down to 8% urea N in urinary N). Increasing the proportion of maize silage in an unusually low-N grass diet, without protein-rich concentrates, induced highly N-deficient diets with minimal N losses in faeces and urine but large and unsustainable decreases in DMI and milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferreira
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - R Delagarde
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - N Edouard
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
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Priyadarshini E, Minzar M, Pandey S, Rawat K. Biocompatible gelatin/carbon dot nanocomposite based urea sensor and the effect of nitrogen ion implantation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 675:99-105. [PMID: 37463525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have fabricated a novel platform for sensing of urea using gelatin/carbon dots nanocomposite system. The sensor electrode was created by depositing the nanocomposite gel onto thin glass plates coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) using the drop casting technique. The behavior of these electrodes was investigated against a number of bioanalytes in the concentration range of 2-20 mM by cyclic voltammetry. The system was observed to be highly selective for urea with a sensitivity of 1.65 μA/mM/cm in the experimental linear range of 2-20 mM. Furthermore, the gelatin/CD-ITO electrode were also subjected to 50 KeV N2+ ion beam irradiation with varying fluence in the range of 1012 to 1016 ions/cm2. Sensing profile of the irradiated samples for urea suggested enhancement in sensitivity to 2 μA/mM cm2, when the ion fluence was 5 × 1015 ions/cm2. This enhancement after irradiation suggests a clear dependence of detection on the fluence of the ion beam. The observed excellent sensitivity of radiation processed nanocomposite material can be used as an enzyme-free platform for urea detection. Additionally, the CDs showed fluorescence quenching on treatment with mere 50 μM urea suggesting the high sensitivity of the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Minzar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kamla Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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Wu CY, Su YT, Su CK. 4D-printed needle panel meters coupled with enzymatic derivatization for reading urea and glucose concentrations in biological samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115500. [PMID: 37390641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
On-site analytical techniques continue being developed with advances in modern technology. To demonstrate the applicability of four-dimensional printing (4DP) technologies in the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive analytical devices for on-site determination of urea and glucose, we used digital light processing three-dimensional printing (3DP) and 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA)-incorporated photocurable resins to fabricate all-in-one needle panel meters. When adding a sample having a value of pH above the pKa of CEA (ca. 4.6-5.0) into the fabricated needle panel meter, the [H+]-responsive layer of the needle, printed using the CEA-incorporated photocurable resins, swelled as a result of electrostatic repulsion among the dissociated carboxyl groups of the copolymer, leading to [H+]-dependent bending of the needle. When coupled with a derivatization reaction (urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea to decrease [H+]; glucose oxidase-mediated oxidization of glucose to increase [H+]), the bending of the needle allowed reliable quantification of urea or glucose when referencing pre-calibrated concentration scales. After method optimization, the method's detection limits for urea and glucose were 4.9 and 7.0 μM, respectively, within a working concentration range from 0.1 to 10 mM. We verified the reliability of this analytical method by determining the concentrations of urea and glucose in samples of human urine, fetal bovine serum, and rat plasma with spike analyses and comparing the results with those obtained using commercial assay kits. Our results confirm that 4DP technologies can allow the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive devices for quantitative chemical analysis, and that they can advance the development and applicability of 3DP-enabling analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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Oliveira BG, Lourenço KS, Carvalho JLN, Gonzaga LC, Teixeira MC, Tamara AF, Soares JR, Cantarella H. New trends in sugarcane fertilization: Implications for NH 3 volatilization, N 2O emissions and crop yields. Journal of Environmental Management 2023; 342:118233. [PMID: 37276616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recycling nutrients helps to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture and contributes to alleviating the effects of global climate change. A recent trend in sugarcane cultivation is the application of concentrated vinasse (CV) combined with fertilizers into an organo-mineral formulation to improve logistics, reduce costs and foster the circular economy. However, the implications of the application of such organo-mineral formulation in sugarcane fields are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the organo-mineral formulation containing granular urea (UR), and a nitrification inhibitor (NI) on crop yields, NH3 volatilization, and N2O emissions. Field experiments were conducted during two fertilization seasons, dry and wet, and the treatments were: control; UR; UR + NI; CV; CV + UR; and CV + UR + NI. CV was applied at 7 m3 ha-1. The treatments (except control and CV) were balanced to receive the same amount of N and K. Compared with UR, the organo-mineral formulation of CV + UR decreased NH3 volatilization losses from 7% to 4% in the dry season and from 3.5% to 0.5% in the wet season. Conversely, compared with UR, N2O emissions increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in CV + UR in the wet season from 1% to 2% of applied N. In the dry season, no differences were observed. The addition of NI was effective in mitigating N2O emissions in both seasons. Emission reductions ranged from 43 to 48% in the dry season and from 71 to 84%, in the wet season. Fertilization with UR or the organo-mineral formulation influenced sugarcane yield only in the dry season, with the highest yield in CV + UR. NI did not affect crop yield. In general, emission intensities (kg CO2eq Mg-1 of stalk) were highest in CV + UR. We conclude that the organo-mineral formulation reduced NH3 losses and increased N2O emissions compared with regular solid fertilizer and that NI was effective for mitigating N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna G Oliveira
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil.
| | - Késia S Lourenço
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro C Gonzaga
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Interinstitutional Graduate Program in Bioenergy (USP/UNICAMP/UNESP) - 330 Cora Coralina Street, Cidade Universitária, Campinas/SP, CEP 13083-896, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Teixeira
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Tamara
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
| | - Johnny R Soares
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
| | - Heitor Cantarella
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
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Parasuraman GJ, Vishnuraj R, Kannankuzhiyil S, Govindaraj M, Biji SS, Rangarajan M. Determination of urea, phosphate, and potassium in agricultural runoff waters using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:98858-98868. [PMID: 35932346 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale use of chemical fertilizers has resulted in the contamination of agricultural runoff waters by soil macronutrients NPK, whose detection is of significant interest. This work reports the determination of macronutrients in the form of urea (N), orthophosphate PO43- (P), and potassium K+ (K) in simulated agricultural runoff waters. Their solutions were prepared by extracting water-soluble constituents of soil. This 'base' solution contains high concentrations of various species, including Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43-, Na+, K+, and NH4+ along with natural organic matter. Predetermined amounts of urea (4 to 22.5 ppm), PO43- (7 to 50 ppm), and potassium K+ (25 to 250 ppm) were added to the base simulated runoff water to prepare standard stock solutions. Using stainless steel working and counter electrodes, a small AC perturbation (±10 mV vs. OCP, vs. Ag/AgCl) was applied and the frequency response of the working electrode-solution interface was measured from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. The interface itself was modeled as a suitable equivalent electrical circuit, and the magnitudes of its components were fitted from experimental data using nonlinear regression. It is observed that PO43- concentration is a linear function of charge transfer resistance arising from redox reaction, K+ concentration is a quadratic function of double-layer capacitance arising from its higher mobility, and urea concentration can be correlated as a linear function of constant phase element arising from its polarization in the presence of an applied electric field. The sensor exhibits good sensitivity, repeatability, and excellent performance against interfering species. These preliminary results show significant potential for development of a real-time or on-site sensing device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramakrishnan Vishnuraj
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - Surjith Kannankuzhiyil
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mohankumar Govindaraj
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Murali Rangarajan
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India.
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Treesirichod A, Thaneerat N, Kangvanskol W. A comparison of the efficacy and safety profiles of 10% salicylic acid and 10% urea creams in treating acanthosis nigricans in adolescents: a randomized double-blinded study. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2091-2097. [PMID: 36943434 PMCID: PMC10029795 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans is characterized by the presence of velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin over the neck and the flexural areas. Regardless of different modalities of treatment, none provides a definite standard cure. This study aims to assess the efficacy of topical 10% salicylic acid compared to 10% urea cream in treating acanthosis nigricans in adolescents. A randomized comparative, double-blind study is conducted on adolescents with acanthosis nigricans of the posterior neck. Treatment efficacy was assessed via a narrowband reflectance spectrophotometer at individual follow-up visits at weeks 2, 4, and 8, while the overall success rates were evaluated by the investigator-assessed and participant-assessed global evaluation scales (IGE and PGE). Acanthosis nigricans scoring chart (ANSC) and adverse effects are also assessed. A total of 39 participants with acanthosis nigricans enrolled and completed the study. Throughout the 8-week period of treatment, the use of 10% salicylic acid demonstrated strong effectiveness in treatment with 14.6 ± 10.6% improvement, while the 10% urea demonstrated 12.5 ± 10.9% improvement. Findings from the overall global evaluation scales were consistent with the results from the narrowband reflectance spectrophotometer. Treatment with 10% salicylic and 10% urea produced no serious local skin adverse reactions. Both medications improve neck hyperpigmentation associated with acanthosis nigricans in adolescents, in which the 10% salicylic acid and 10% urea cream demonstrate similar efficacy and safety profiles. Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20201123003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arucha Treesirichod
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Rangsit-Nakhonnayok Road, Ongkharak, 26120, Nakhonnayok, Thailand.
| | - Natapong Thaneerat
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Rangsit-Nakhonnayok Road, Ongkharak, 26120, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| | - Watcharachai Kangvanskol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Rangsit-Nakhonnayok Road, Ongkharak, 26120, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
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Pihl C, Lerche CM, Andersen F, Bjerring P, Haedersdal M. Improving the efficacy of photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis: A comprehensive review of pharmacological pretreatment strategies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103703. [PMID: 37429460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is approved for treatment of actinic keratoses (AKs) and field-cancerisation. Pretreatment with pharmacological compounds holds potential to improve PDT efficacy, through direct interaction with PpIX formation or through an independent response, both of which may improve PDT treatment. OBJECTIVE To present the currently available clinical evidence of pharmacological pretreatments prior to PDT and to associate potential clinical benefits with the pharmacological mechanisms of action of the individual compounds. METHODS A comprehensive search on the Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases was performed. RESULTS In total, 16 studies investigated 6 pretreatment compounds: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), diclofenac, retinoids, salicylic acid, urea, and vitamin D. Two of these, 5-FU and vitamin D, robustly increased the efficacy of PDT across multiple studies, illustrated by mean increases in clearance rates of 21.88% and 12.4%, respectively. Regarding their mechanisms, 5-FU and vitamin D both increased PpIX accumulation, while 5-FU also induced a separate anticarcinogenic response. Pretreatment with diclofenac for four weeks improved the clearance rate in one study (24.9%), administration of retinoids had a significant effect in one of two studies (16.25%), while salicylic acid and urea did not lead to improved PDT efficacy. Diclofenac and retinoids demonstrated independent cytotoxic responses, whereas salicylic acid and urea acted as penetration enhancers to increase PpIX formation. CONCLUSION 5-FU and vitamin D are well-tested, promising candidates for pharmacological pretreatment prior to PDT. Both compounds affect the haem biosynthesis, providing a target for potential pretreatment candidates. KEY WORDS Photodynamic Therapy, Actinic Keratosis,Pre-tretment,Review,enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Pihl
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark & Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 17, Entrance 9, 2nd floor, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark.
| | - Catharina M Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark & Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 17, Entrance 9, 2nd floor, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Flemming Andersen
- Private Hospital Molholm, Brummersvej 1, Vejle 7100, Denmark; Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, Aalborg 9100, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, Aalborg 9100, Denmark
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark & Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 17, Entrance 9, 2nd floor, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Deng W, Chen H, Xiong J. Extracting dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals using choline chloride/ urea-based deep eutectic solvents: A comparative study in NaIO 4 pre-oxidation and synchronous oxidation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125604. [PMID: 37392908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DCNC) are defined as C2 and C3 aldehyde nanocellulose, which can be used as raw materials for nanocellulose derivatization, owing to the high activity of aldehyde groups. Herein, a comparative study in NaIO4 pre-oxidation and synchronous oxidation is investigated for DCNC extraction via choline chloride (ChCl)/urea-based deep eutectic solvent (DES). Ring-liked DCNC with an average particle size of 118 ± 11 nm, a yield of 49.25 %, an aldehyde group content of 6.29 mmol/g, a crystallinity of 69 %, and rod-liked DCNC with an average particle size of 109 ± 9 nm, a yield of 39.40 %, an aldehyde group content of 3.14 mmol/g, a crystallinity of 75 % can be extracted via optimized DES treatment combined with pre-oxidation and synchronous oxidation, respectively. In addition, the average particle size, size distribution, and aldehyde group content of DCNC were involved. TEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA results reveal the variation of microstructure, chemical structure, crystalline structure, and thermostability of two kinds of DCNC during extraction even though the obtained DCNC exhibiting different micromorphology, pre-oxidation, or synchronous oxidation during ChCl/urea-based DES treatment can be considered as an efficient approach for DCNC extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Wenhuan Deng
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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Lee JW, Lee D, Lee HJ, Shim S, Kim JH, Lee C. Enhanced oxidation of urea by pH swing during chlorination: pH-dependent reaction mechanism. Water Res 2023; 242:120183. [PMID: 37320874 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urea reacts with chlorine to form chlorinated ureas (chloroureas), and fully chlorinated urea (tetrachlorourea) is further hydrolyzed into CO2 and chloramines. This study found that the oxidative degradation of urea by chlorination was enhanced by the pH swing, wherein the reaction proceeded under an acidic pH (e.g., pH = 3) in the first stage, and the solution pH was subsequently increased to a neutral or alkaline value (e.g., pH > 7) in the second-stage reaction. The degradation rate of urea by pH-swing chlorination increased with increasing chlorine dose and pH during the second-stage reaction. The pH-swing chlorination was based on the opposite pH dependence of sub-processes comprising urea chlorination. The formation of monochlorourea was favored under acidic pH conditions; however, the subsequent conversion into di- and trichloroureas was favored under neutral or alkaline pH conditions. The deprotonation of monochlorourea (pKa = 9.7 ± 1.1) and dichlorourea (pKa = 5.1 ± 1.4) was suggested to be responsible for the accelerated reaction in the second stage under increased pH conditions. pH-swing chlorination was also effective in degrading urea at low concentrations (micromolar levels). In addition, the total nitrogen concentration significantly decreased during the degradation of urea because of the volatilization of chloramines and the release of other gaseous nitrogen compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Soojin Shim
- Infra Engineering Group, Global Infra Technology, Samsung Electronics, 1 Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18448, South Korea
| | - Je Hun Kim
- Infra Engineering Group, Global Infra Technology, Samsung Electronics, 1 Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18448, South Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Semenov AP, Gong Y, Mendgaziev RI, Stoporev AS, Vinokurov VA, Li T. Dataset for the phase equilibria and PXRD studies of urea as a green thermodynamic inhibitor of sII gas hydrates. Data Brief 2023; 49:109303. [PMID: 37360673 PMCID: PMC10285515 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium conditions of sII methane/propane hydrates have been experimentally determined for the C3H8/CH4-H2O-urea system. The equilibrium dissociation temperatures and pressures of sII hydrates span a wide P,T-range (266.7-293.9 K; 0.87-9.49 MPa) and were measured by varying the feed mass fraction of urea in solution from 0 to 50 mass%. The experimental points at feed urea concentration ≤ 40 mass% correspond to the V-Lw-H equilibrium (gas-aqueous urea solution-gas hydrate). A four-phase V-Lw-H-Su equilibrium (with an additional phase of solid urea) was observed because the solubility limit of urea in water was reached for all points at a feed mass fraction of 50 mass% and for one point at 40 mass% (266.93 K). Gas hydrate equilibria were measured using a high-pressure rig GHA350 under isochoric conditions with rapid fluid stirring and slow ramp heating of 0.1 K/h. Each measured point represents complete dissociation of the sII hydrate. The phase equilibrium data was compared with the literature reported for the C3H8/CH4-H2O and CH4-H2O-urea systems. A comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamic inhibition effect of urea to sII C3H8/CH4 hydrates on pressure and concentration of the inhibitor was carried out. The phase composition of the samples was analyzed by powder X-ray diffractometry at 173 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P. Semenov
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
- Gubkin University, Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, 65, Leninsky prospekt, Building 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yinghua Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
- Gubkin University, Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, 65, Leninsky prospekt, Building 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Rais I. Mendgaziev
- Gubkin University, Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, 65, Leninsky prospekt, Building 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S. Stoporev
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
- Gubkin University, Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, 65, Leninsky prospekt, Building 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Vinokurov
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
- Gubkin University, Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, 65, Leninsky prospekt, Building 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
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50
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Meng C, Xie C, He J, Chen X, Liu H, Sun B. Ionic liquid-enhanced lemon biomass carbon dots with sustainable use in bionic antibody microspheres for urea capture and ethyl carbamate inhibition. Food Chem 2023; 415:135715. [PMID: 36842375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we reported the room-temperature fabrication of ionic liquid-modified carbon dots encapsulated in bionic antibodies (IL-modified CDs@BAs) by one-pot green synthesis. In order to enhance the fluorescence intensity of CDs, imidazole ILs and lemon rich in heteroatoms were selected as CDs modifiers and sources. The resulting IL-modified CDs@BAs showed good selectivity and capture toward urea and obviously induced fluorescence quenching by template-binding. The inhibition rate ofIL-modified CDs@BAs on the urea pathway of ethyl carbamate was about 29.07% in the simulated Huangjiu system, indicating a good inhibitory effect. The IL-modified CDs@BAs system was also reproducible after five consecutive uses, thus reducing the economic cost. This research would expand the application fields of BAs-based optical sensing system from the perspectives of energy conservation, environmental protection and resource recovery, focusing on their application in the field of food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Meng
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chenchen Xie
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingbo He
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
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