1
|
Franco LP, Derakhshandeh-Rishehri SM, Hua Y, Nöthlings U, Wudy SA, Remer T. Phosphorus Intake and Potential Dietary Influences Examined via 24-Hour Urinary Biomarker Measurements in German Children and Adolescents Over 3 Decades. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00083-2. [PMID: 38360183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in phosphorus intake have been observed over the past years in adult populations. However, biomarker-based data are lacking on whether or not phosphorus intake also increased in children. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine 24-hour urinary phosphate excretion (PO4-Ex) and diet-related biomarkers potentially influencing phosphorus status in German children and adolescents from 1985 to 2015. DESIGN This longitudinal noninvasive biomarker-based cohort study examined 24-hour urine samples from children and adolescents of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study, collected over 3 decades. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Examined individuals (n = 1,057) were healthy participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study, situated in Dortmund, Germany, who had been asked to collect one yearly 24-hour urine sample. Six thousand seven hundred thirty-seven samples collected from participants aged 3 to 17 years between 1985 (baseline) and 2015, were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES phosphorus intake was examined biomarker-based by analyzed PO4-Ex in 24-hour urine samples. Whether acid-base status and intakes of protein, salt, and fruits and vegetables, may have relevantly contributed to PO4-Ex levels was assessed by determining 24-hour excretions of net acid, urea-nitrogen, and sodium as well as specific standardized excretions of potassium plus oxalate. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Trend analysis over 30 years and potentially influencing diet factors were examined using linear mixed-effect regression models (PROC-MIXED). Adjustments for sex, age, and body surface area were performed. RESULTS No change was identifiable for PO4-Ex over the 3 decades; neither in 3 to 8, 9 to 13, nor in 14 to 17 year olds. However, sodium excretion increased (P = .001). PROC-MIXED analysis on intraindividual changes in PO4-Ex revealed direct relationships with net acid excretion, urea-nitrogen, and sodium excretion and an inverse relationship with a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake. CONCLUSIONS Despite a direct relationship between PO4-Ex and a biomarker of industrially processed food consumption; that is, sodium excretion, which showed an increasing time trend, phosphorus intake was found to remain stable over decades in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Peixoto Franco
- DONALD Study Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Yifan Hua
- DONALD Study Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Remer
- DONALD Study Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang Y, Hou L, Sun T, Li S, Cheng J, Xue D, Wang X, Du Y. Improved equations to estimate GFR in Chinese children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:237-247. [PMID: 35467153 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no specific equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Chinese children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The commonly used equations are less robust than expected; we therefore sought to derive more appropriate equations for GFR estimation. METHODS A total of 751 Chinese children with CKD were divided into 2 groups, training group (n = 501) and validation group (n = 250). In the training group, a univariate linear regression model was used to calculate predictability of variables associated with GFR. Residuals were compared to determine multivariate predictability of GFR in the equation. Standard regression techniques for Gaussian data were used to determine coefficients of GFR-estimating equations after logarithmic transformation of measured GFR (iGFR), height/serum creatinine (height/Scr), cystatin C, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and height. These were compared with other well-known equations using the validation group. RESULTS Median 99mTc-DTPA GFR was 90.1 (interquartile range: 67.3-108.6) mL/min/1.73 m2 in training dataset. Our CKD equation, eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) = 91.021 [height(m)/Scr(mg/dL)/2.7]0.443 [1.2/Cystatin C(mg/L)]0.335 [13.7/BUN (mg/dL)]-0.095 [ 0.991male] [height(m)/1.4]0.275, was derived. This was further tested in the validation group, with percentages of eGFR values within 30% and 15% of iGFR (P30 and P15) of 76.00% and 48.40%, respectively. For centres with no access to cystatin C, a creatinine-based equation, eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) = 89.674 [height(m)/Scr(mg/dL)/2.7]0.579 [ 1.007male] [height(m)/1.4]0.187, was derived, with P30 and P15 73.60% and 49.20%, respectively. These were significantly higher compared to other well-known equations (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We developed equations for GFR estimation in Chinese children with CKD based on Scr, BUN and cystatin C. These are more accurate than commonly used equations in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junli Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Zhang L, Liu W, Zhou Z. Simultaneous removal of urea nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen from high-salinity wastewater by Halomonas sp. H36. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:2544-2554. [PMID: 35932345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To treat high-salt urea wastewater by microbial hydrolysis, it is necessary to overcome the dual problems of incomplete removal of nitrogen (N) from mixed strains and inhibition of microbial activity by high salt (NaCl) concentrations. In this paper, the mechanism of NaCl tolerance of Halomonas sp. H36 was investigated. Using molecular biology and enzymatic methods, it was proven that the strain's N-removal enzymes (urease; ammonia monooxygenase, AMO; nitrite reductase, NIR; nitrate reductase, NAR) played a key role in the removal of N, and the N-removal pathway was clarified. For the strain used to treat simulated ship domestic sewage, the urea nitrogen (CO(NH2)2-N)-removal rate was 88.52%, the ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N)-removal rate was 91.16%, the total nitrogen (TN)-removal rate was 90.25%, and nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) did not accumulate. It was proven for the first time that Halomonas sp. H36 has the function of simultaneous urea hydrolysis-nitrification-denitrification with urea as the initial substrate and can simultaneously remove urea nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen from high-salt urea wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zepeng Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang K, Li G, Wang D, Lin L. Non-invasive quantitative analysis of human blood components in renal three items using spectral compensation method based on spectral data and component content correlation. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022; 227:107210. [PMID: 36347065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The non-invasive measurement of the blood component contents in humans using spectroscopic methods has important clinical application value. In the absorption spectrum of human blood, for a target component with a small content, the absorption spectrum line is low, the absorption spectrum line of the target component changes weakly at different wavelengths, and the absorption spectrum lines of the target and non-target components overlap. The above reasons cause the spectral line difference between the target and non-target components to be small. However, non-target components also have physical properties such as scattering, which will reduce the contribution of the target component in the absorption spectrum of blood, that is, the spectral line difference between the target and non-target components becomes smaller, thus making the accuracy of the target component model lower. METHODS To increase the accuracy of modeling analysis, according to the correlation between spectral data and the content of the target component, this paper proposes a spectral compensation method. The method compensates for the influence caused by the non-target components on the target components through the mathematical relations between the data of the spectrum and the contents of the target components. Thus, a high-precision, non-invasive quantitative analysis system of human blood components is obtained. Taking the analysis of the three components of urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid as examples, the experiment used spectral data before and after spectral compensation and partial least squares (PLS) methods to build two models and used them to predict the content of the target component. RESULTS When the models of different components established by the spectral compensation method respectively predict the all samples' contents of urea, creatinine, and uric acid, the three correlation coefficients can reach more than 0.9700. CONCLUSION It can be obtained from the experimental results that the spectral compensation method can greatly increase the performance of each component model. Spectral compensation is a new and comprehensive method for improving the quality of spectral data. Therefore, this paper obtains a non-invasive quantitative analysis system of human blood components with higher precision, and can quantitatively analyze blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid in human blood with high precision, which has great practical application value in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Weijin Road, No. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Weijin Road, No. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Weijin Road, No. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Weijin Road, No. 92, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou X, Zhao L, Wang X, Wang X, Wei J, Fang Z, Li S, Rong X, Luo Z, Liang Z, Dai Z, Wu Z, Liu Z. Organic and inorganic nitrogen removals by an ureolytic heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification strain Acinetobacter sp. Z1: Elucidating its physiological characteristics and metabolic mechanisms. Bioresour Technol 2022; 362:127792. [PMID: 35985460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) is promising in nitrogen removal, it remains unclear for most HN-AD strains in physiological characteristics and metabolic mechanisms. In this study, a newly isolated strain Acinetobacter sp. Z1 converted not only inorganic nitrogen, but also organic nitrogen to N2. Among them, urea was the preferential nitrogen substrate. Single-factor experiments showed that efficient HN-AD process occurred with acetate as carbon source, C/N ratios of 12 for NH4+-N and 15 for NO3--N, pH 8, 30 °C, DO of ∼5.8 mg/L and salinity less than 1.5 %. Subsequently, response surface analysis was applied to predict the optimal growth conditions. Its complete genome annotation in combination with enzymatic activity assay and nitrogen balance calculation showed that at least four pathways involved in nitrogen metabolism. This work indicates that ureolytic strain Z1 could be prepared as bacterial agents with other HN-AD strains to treat urea-containing wastewater like urine from urban community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtong Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, No. 251, Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of WaterTreatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China
| | - Shanwei Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China
| | - Xinshan Rong
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China
| | - Zhishui Liang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zhidong Dai
- Biotechnology Center of Danyang Environmental Ecological Restoration, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China
| | - Zhiren Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu L, Liu Y, Liu Z, Chen H, Shen S, Wei Y, Sun R, Deng G. Serum urea acid and urea nitrogen levels are risk factors for maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod Health 2022; 19:192. [PMID: 36109752 PMCID: PMC9479307 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, results on the association between serum uric acid (UA) and pregnancy outcomes have been inconsistent, and the association between urea nitrogen (UN) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in normal pregnant women has not been reported. Thus, we examined the association of UA and UN levels during gestation with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in a relatively large population. METHODS A total of 1602 singleton mothers from Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology at January 2015 to December 2018 were included. Both UA and UN levels were collected and measured during the second (16-18th week) and third (28-30th week) trimesters of gestation respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS After adjustment, the highest quartile of UA in the third trimester increased the risk of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and small for gestational age infants (SGA) by 48% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.10) and 99% (95% CI: 1.01-3.89) compared to those in the lowest quartile. The adjusted OR (95% CI) in the highest quartile of UN for the risk of SGA was 2.18 (95% CI: 1.16-4.13) and 2.29 (95% CI: 1.20-4.36) in the second and third trimester, respectively. In the second trimester, when UA and UN levels were both in the highest quartile, the adjusted OR (95% CI) for the risk of SGA was 2.51 (95% CI: 1.23-5.10). In the third trimester, when the group 1 (both indicators are in the first quartile) was compared, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) for the risk of SGA were 1.98 (95% CI: 1.22-3.23) and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.16-4.61) for group 2 (UA or UN is in the second or third quartile) and group 3 (both indicators are in the fourth quartile), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher UA and UN levels increased the risk of maternal and fetal outcomes. The simultaneous elevation of UA and UN levels was a high-risk factors for the development of SGA, regardless of whether they were in the second or third trimester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengyou Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Union Shenzhen Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengying Chen
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhuan Wei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang K, Sun W, Wang Z, Ma W, Qin L. Effects of rhEPO on Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in rats with acute kidney injury and its protective effects on kidney. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:80-86. [PMID: 33040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
If the kidney suddenly loses its ability to remove waste, acute kidney injury (AKI) will occur that dangerous levels of waste may accumulate, and the chemical composition of the blood may become unbalanced. AKI usually develops rapidly within a few days and is very common in hospitalized patients, especially those in urgent need of intensive care. AKI can be fatal and requires serious treatment. However, it can be reversible. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nuclear factor E2, Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase (HO-1) in rats AKI and its protective effects on the kidney. For this purpose, 40 SD rats were averagely and randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, sham operation group, model group, and rhEPO group. The rhEPO group was injected with 5% glucose mixed with rhEPO to form 3000 IU/ (kg/d) rhEPO. Except for the rhEPO group, three groups were injected with 5% glucose at the same dose level as the rhEPO group respectively. Before the third administration, the renal pedicle was clamped for 60 min and then perfused for 24 hours. Changes of Serum creatinine (Scr) and Urea nitrogen (BUN) of rats in each group were detected before and after modeling. Twenty-four hours after modeling, renal tissues of rats in each group were taken, and expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in renal tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot methods. There were no significant differences in Scr and BUN contents in the four groups before modeling (p> 0.05). There were no significant differences in Scr and BUN contents in the control group and sham operation group after modeling compared with those before modeling (p> 0.05). Expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the rhEPO group were higher than those in the model group, the sham operation group and the control group (p< 0.05), while expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in model group were higher than those in sham operation group and control group (p< 0.05). There were no significant differences in expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 between the sham operation group and the control group (p> 0.05). rhEPO can induce expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in AKI rats. RhEPO has a protective effect on the kidney, which may be related to expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Wenkui Sun
- Department of Ultrasonography, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Zhanzhao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Wenming Ma
- Quality Control Office, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Lili Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu K, Cui X, Wang B, Tang Q, Cai J, Shen X. Healthy adult vegetarians have better renal function than matched omnivores: a cross-sectional study in China. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:268. [PMID: 32652943 PMCID: PMC7353802 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An appropriate diet is an important determinant of kidney health. However, the association between vegetarian diets and renal function is unclear. We aimed to study the association between vegetarian diets and renal function in healthy adults. Methods A total of 269 vegetarians and 269 sex- and age-matched nonvegetarian omnivores were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Basic characteristics and daily dietary intakes were assessed by face-to-face interviews. Blood samples were collected, and renal function was assessed by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), uric acid (UA) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profiles were also assessed. Results The average age of the vegetarians was 35.4 ± 8.6 years, 82.2% of whom were female. We evaluated the association between vegetarian diets and renal function using multivariate analysis. Compared with omnivores, vegetarians had lower BUN [β = − 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): (− 0.88, − 0.38)], SCr [β = − 2.04, 95% CI:(− 4.10, 0.02)], and UA levels [β = − 15.15, 95% CI: (− 27.81, − 2.50)] and higher eGFRs [β = 4.04, 95% CI: (0.30, 7.78)] after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking status, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), systolic pressure and fasting blood glucose. Further analysis of food composition and renal function showed that dietary fiber intake was significantly negatively associated with BUN [β = − 0.02, 95% CI: (− 0.03, 0.00)], SCr [β = − 0.14, 95% CI: (− 0.25, 0.04)], and UA levels [β = − 0.72, 95% CI: (− 1.36, 0.07)] and positively associated with the eGFR [β = 0.20, 95% CI: (0.00, 0.40)]. Conclusions Healthy adult vegetarians have better renal function than omnivores, and the higher dietary fiber intake associated with vegetarian diets may contribute to the protective effect on renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xueying Cui
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bian Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qingya Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianfang Cai
- Department of Nephrology, 4 Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiuhua Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lima MVS, Bagaldo AR, Müller M, Pinheiro EEG, Almeida BJ, Mugab LC, Araújo FL, Bezerra LR, Oliveira RL. Intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, production, and composition of goat milk supplemented with detoxified castor bean meal added urea as a replacement of soybean meal. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2135-2143. [PMID: 32086699 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the castor bean meal detoxified with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] added urea replacing soybean meal in the diet of lactating goats from milk production and composition, intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior. Eight Alpine multiparous goats weighting 44.3 ± 5.3 kg and at approximately 60 days of lactation were confined and randomly distributed in 4 × 4 double Latin squares, with four inclusion levels of detoxified castor meal: control (0), 25, 50, and 75 g/kg dry matter (DM) total. Detoxified castor bean meal replacing soybean meal (P > 0.05) in goats diet did not affect intake and digestibility of DM, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients, times spent for eating, and efficiency ratios of rumination and eating. However, the times spent for rumination and idling showed a quadratic trend decrease (P < 0.01) from the level of 50.0-g/kg DM. The milk production, and the milk production correction showed a quadratic trend increase and feeding efficiency a quadratic decrease (P = 0.03) due inclusion of detoxified castor bean meal replacing soybean meal up to the level of 25.0 g/kg. The fat, protein, lactose, total solids, nonfat solids, and milk urea nitrogen content (g/day) presented a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) by detoxified castor meal inclusion. Detoxified castor bean meal added urea in the Alpine goats diet could be included up to the 25.0 g/kg level replacing soybean meal in the diet because improve milk production and composition and feeding efficiency of goats without negatively effect on intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V S Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - A R Bagaldo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - M Müller
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - E E G Pinheiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - B J Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - L C Mugab
- Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Zambeze University, P.O. Box 49, Mocuba, Zambézia Province, Mozambique
| | - F L Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - L R Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana, km 135, Bom Jesus, Piaui, 64900000, Brazil
| | - R L Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bai YJ, Du YB, Yuan XZ, Yuan N, Pu J, Zhang QJ. [Regulation of Chrysophanol-mediated TLR4/NF-κB Pathway on Renal Injury and Immune Response in IgA Nephropathy Rats]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 50:840-846. [PMID: 31880115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effect and its mechanism of chrysophanol (CP) on renal injury and immune response in immunoglobin A (IgA) nephropathy rats. METHODS IgA nephropathy rat model was established by the method of lipopolysaccharide + bovine serum protein + carbon tetrachloride. Then the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, IgA group, IgA+low, medium and high dose of CP groups(2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg for each group respectively). IgA+CP groups were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of chrysophanol once a day for 4 weeks, and the control group and IgA group were given isovolumetric saline. Urine protein content, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were detected at 24 h after the administration of drugs. Kidney histopathological damage and apoptosis were measured by HE and TUNEL staining. The expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot; The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and (glutathione peroxidase, Gpx) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of interleukin-1β, -6 (IL-1β, IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in serum and kidney tissue were measured by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of toll-like receptro 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB P65 (NF-κB P65) were also detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, and vascular cell adherin molecule (VCAM-1) protein level was deteted by Western blot. RESULTS In IgA nephropathy rats, the administration of CP reduced proteinuria, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). It also improved the pathological damage of kidney tissue, reduced the apoptosis rate (P < 0.01), and decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 (P < 0.01). CP inhibited MDA production while increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes Gpx and SOD (P < 0.01), and decreased the levels of serum and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.01), as well as the expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB P65 and VCAM-1 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Chrysophanol could play a protective role in IgA nephropathy rats, and its mechanism may be related to alleviating kidney injury and regulating immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Bai
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yan-Bin Du
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Xin-Zhu Yuan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Jiang Pu
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Quan-Jun Zhang
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu M, Huang X, Zhang R, Li C, Gu B. Uptake of Urea Nitrogen by Oocystis borgei in Prawn (Litopenaeus vannamei) Aquaculture Ponds. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:586-591. [PMID: 30267105 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the rate of urea nitrogen uptake (ρ) by Oocystis borgei and the relationship between environmental factors and ρ. Light intensity, temperature, pH, salinity, and algal concentration, were used to construct an empirical model. The results showed that light intensity, algal concentration, pH and salinity had significant effects on ρ, and the optimal combination of environmental conditions for ρ was a temperature of 25°C, pH of 7.0, light intensity of 81 µmol m-2 s-1, salinity of 15‰, and algal concentration of 4.5 × 108 cell L-1-5.5 × 108 cell L-1. The model equation was ρ = 2 × 10-5 × (A0.363B0.783C0.045D-0.503E) + 0.0017, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.83. No significant difference in variance was observed between the model-predicted values and the measured values (F = 0.238, p > 0.05), which demonstrated the high fitting degree of the simulation equation. This study provided valuable insight into the reduction of urea nitrogen levels in aquaculture water by O. borgei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Tongwei Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghu Huang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
- Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture Environment Research Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Changling Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Binhe Gu
- Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tur İ, Dínç DA, Semacan A. Protein based flushing related blood urea nitrogen effects on ovarian response, embryo recovery and embryo quality in superovulated ewes. Theriogenology 2017; 98:62-67. [PMID: 28601157 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study is the first report that evaluates effects of nutritional effects of flushing with differing diet crude protein ratios on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, related some reproductive parameters and embryo quality in ewe. During mating season, before synchronization protocol ewes were fed on alfalfa hay and additive concentrate feeding as flushing. Intra vaginal FGA containing sponges applied for 12 days for the purpose of synchronization and pFSH was administered by 8 declining doses for the purpose of superovulation. Uterus was flushed in the morning of the seventh day of mating and embryos were collected surgically. Collected embryos were qualified according to IETS criterion. There is no dependency found between BUN values measured at different days and at different diet crude protein concentrations. An increase in uterine pH levels due to increasing protein amounts was observed but this increase was not significant among groups. Ovarian function was evaluated by ovarian responses (CL + large follicle) showed difference between groups (p < 0.05) and the lowest protein intake group gave highest ovarian response. In addition, embryo recovery rates revealed difference between groups (p < 0.05) and it was observed that the lowest ovarian response group showed the highest rates of embryo recovery. It is concluded that, in some Anatolian native sheep breeds, the application of diet flushing with different crude protein concentrates influence ovarian responses and embryo recovery rates but has no effect on BUN levels; uterus physiology or embryonic quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Tur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus, Urla, İzmir, 35430, Turkey.
| | - Dursun Ali Dínç
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Alaaddin Keykubat Campus, Selçuklu, Konya, 42003, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Semacan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Alaaddin Keykubat Campus, Selçuklu, Konya, 42003, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mehmood K, Li JY, Jiang J, Shi RY, Liu ZD, Xu RK. Amelioration of an acidic ultisol by straw-derived biochars combined with dicyandiamide under application of urea. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:6698-6709. [PMID: 28084598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in agricultural pollution demands judicious use of inputs and outputs for sustainable crop production. Crop straws were pyrolyzed under oxygen-limited conditions at 400 °C for 2 h to prepare peanut straw biochar (PB), canola straw biochar (CB), and wheat straw biochar (WB). Then, 300-g soils were incubated each with urea nitrogen (UN) and UN + biochars with or without dicyandiamide (DCD) for 60 days. During the incubations, soil acidification induced by urea was somewhat inhibited by biochars, but nitrification of hydrolyzed NH4+ produced much more acidity than the neutralization potential of the biochars. In single UN (200 mg/kg) treatment, soil pH decreased drastically and the final pH after incubation was lower than the control. Antagonistic to UN, all three biochars neutralized the soil acidity, which was consistent to their inherent alkalinity. DCD inhibited nitrification which was obvious throughout the incubations, as 30 mg/kg DCD + 200 mg/kg UN combined with 1 % PB, CB, and WB retained 0.94, 0.79, and 1.19 units higher pH, respectively, and significantly reduced exchangeable acidity over the treatments without DCD (P < 0.05). The treatments of UN + biochars with and without DCD had highly significant effects on soil pH, exchangeable Al3+, NH4+-N, (NO3-+NO2-)-N, and available P (P < 0.05). Amplified NH4+-N retentions at higher rates of PB referred increased negatively charged sites for nutrient adsorptions. Applied UN transformations varied among different treatments, and the maximum amounts of total mineral N recovered were 218.3, 218.5, and 223.8 mg/kg in the presence of DCD by PB, CB, and WB, compared to 198.2, 201.6, and 205.2 mg/kg, respectively, in no DCD treatments. Urea induced severe soil acidification and even lowered the ameliorative effects of applied biochars. Thus, ammonium-based fertilizers must include nitrification inhibitor (DCD) and, if used in combination with biochars will offer a suitable choice to reduce the acidity, improve base saturation and fertility of soil for sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Jiu-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren-Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ren-Kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kato TS, Nakamura H, Murata M, Kuroda K, Suzuki H, Yokoyama Y, Shimada A, Matsushita S, Yamamoto T, Amano A. The effect of tolvaptan on renal excretion of electrolytes and urea nitrogen in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:181. [PMID: 27624603 PMCID: PMC5022266 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate fluid management is an important component of patient care following cardiac surgery. Our aim in this study was to determine the benefits of tolvaptan, an oral selective vasopressin-2 receptor antagonist that causes electrolyte-free water diuresis, in postoperative fluid management. We prospectively examined the effect of tolvaptan on renal excretion of electrolytes and urea nitrogen in cardiac surgery patients. Methods Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized to receive conventional loop diuretics (Group C, n = 30) or conventional loop diuretic therapy plus tolvaptan (Group T, n = 27). Fractional excretions of sodium (FENA), potassium (FEK) and urea nitrogen (FEUN) were measured in both groups during post-surgical hospitalization. Results Urine output was greater with tolvaptan (Group T) than without it (Group C), and some patients in Group C required intravenous as well as oral loop diuretics. Serum sodium concentrations decreased after surgery in Group C, but were unchanged in Group T (postoperative day [POD] 3, 139.8 ± 3.5 vs. 142.3 ± 2.6 mEq/L, p = 0.006). However, postoperative FENA values in Group C did not decrease, and the values were similar in both groups. Serum potassium levels remained lower and FEK values remained higher than the preoperative values, but only in Group C (all p < 0.05). BUN increased postoperatively in both groups, but it remained higher than its preoperative value only in Group C (all p < 0.01). Group T showed an initial increase in BUN, which peaked and then returned to its preoperative value within a week. The FEUN increased postoperatively in both groups, but the change was more pronounced in Group T (POD7, 52.7 ± 9.3 vs. 58.2 ± 6.5 %, p = 0.025). Conclusions Renal excretion of sodium and potassium reflects the changes in serum concentration in patients treated with tolvaptan. Patients treated only with loop diuretics showed a continuous excretion of sodium and potassium that led to electrolyte imbalance, whereas the combination of loop diuretics and tolvaptan increased renal urea nitrogen elimination. Tolvaptan therefore appears to be an effective diuretic that minimally affects serum electrolytes while adequately promoting the elimination of urea nitrogen from the kidneys in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Trial registration The present study is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (ID: UMIN000011039)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko S Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mai Murata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kishio Kuroda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akie Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taira Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atsushi Amano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mao L, Qian Q, Li Q, Wei S, Cao Y, Hao Y, Liu N, Wang Q, Bai Y, Zheng G. Lead selenide nanoparticles-induced oxidative damage of kidney in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 45:63-67. [PMID: 27262987 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of lead selenide nanoparticles (nano PbSe) on kidney in rats. METHOD Specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 rats/group), and injected with of 0mg/kg (control group), 10mg/kg (low dose group), 20mg/kg (middle dose group), or 30mg/kg (high dose group) nano PbSe respectively. Seven weeks after injection, the serum was taken from rats for the detection of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (UA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels were detected using renal tissue homogenate. Pathological examination was performed on kidney sections. RESULTS The levels of BUN and Cr in three exposure groups were significantly increased compared with those of control group. Levels of UA in middle dose and high dose group were higher than those in the control group. Levels of SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC in three exposure groups were markedly decreased compared with those in the control group. Levels of MDA in three exposure groups were higher than those in the control group. Pathological changes at different levels of kidneys were observed, and the damage was more serious with the increase of concentration. CONCLUSIONS Nano PbSe can lead to oxidative damage to the kidney, with the toxicity positively correlates to the dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Mao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Qingzeng Qian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Qingzhao Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Sihui Wei
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yanhua Cao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yulan Hao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yuping Bai
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Guoying Zheng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kanno H, Kanda E, Sato A, Sakamoto K, Kanno Y. Estimation of daily protein intake based on spot urine urea nitrogen concentration in chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 20:258-64. [PMID: 26349434 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of daily protein intake in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires precision. Inaccuracies in recording dietary intake occur, and estimation from total urea excretion presents hurdles owing to the difficulty of collecting whole urine for 24 h. Spot urine has been used for measuring daily sodium intake and urinary protein excretion. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether urea nitrogen (UN) concentration in spot urine can be used to predict daily protein intake instead of the 24-h urine collection in 193 Japanese CKD patients (Stages G1-G5). After patient randomization into 2 datasets for the development and validation of models, bootstrapping was used to develop protein intake estimation models. RESULTS The parameters for the candidate multivariate regression models were male gender, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum albumin level, spot urinary UN and creatinine level, and spot urinary UN/creatinine levels. The final model contained BMI and spot urinary UN level. The final model was selected because of the higher correlation between the predicted and measured protein intakes r = 0.558 (95 % confidence interval 0.400, 0.683), and the smaller distribution of the difference between the measured and predicted protein intakes than those of the other models. CONCLUSION The results suggest that UN concentration in spot urine may be used to estimate daily protein intake and that a prediction formula would be useful for nutritional control in CKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kanno
- Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Kanda
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanno
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hall JA, Yerramilli M, Obare E, Yerramilli M, Melendez LD, Jewell DE. Relationship between lean body mass and serum renal biomarkers in healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:808-14. [PMID: 25913398 PMCID: PMC4895404 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is an accurate and precise biomarker for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans and cats. Serum creatinine (sCr) also correlates with GFR, but has limitations as a biomarker of renal function because nonrenal factors can influence its concentration. Hypothesis Differences in lean body mass (LBM) influence sCr, but not serum SDMA concentrations. Animals Forty‐one healthy Beagles, mean age 9.9 years (range: 3.1–14.8 years), were studied over a 6 month period. Methods Serum biomarkers of renal function were measured prospectively at baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months. SDMA concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy and sCr concentrations by enzymatic colorimetry. Body composition was determined by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Results LBM (P < .001) and age (P = .006) were significant explanatory variables for sCr concentration (R2 = 0.38), but not SDMA concentration. Time on food was the only significant explanatory variable for SDMA concentration (R2 = 0.49). SDMA concentrations decreased across time (P < .001). LBM was affected by sex (males > females; P = .02). Mature adult dogs (<8 years) had greater LBM compared with geriatric dogs (≥8 years; P < .001). Conclusion and Clinical Importance sCr concentrations, but not SDMA concentrations, are influenced by LBM, which limits sCr utility as a biomarker for monitoring renal function in dogs with decreased LBM. Reductions in LBM can lower sCr concentration and overestimate GFR. SDMA concentrations, but not sCr concentrations were influenced by time on food. SDMA could have clinical advantages over sCr in monitoring response to nutritional interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802
| | - Maha Yerramilli
- IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, 04092
| | - Edward Obare
- IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, 04092
| | - Murthy Yerramilli
- IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, 04092
| | - Lynda D Melendez
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, 66617-1587
| | - Dennis E Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, 66617-1587
| |
Collapse
|