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Ravier A, Chalut P, Belarbi S, Santerre C, Vallet N, Nhouchi Z. Impact of the Post-Harvest Period on the Chemical and Sensorial Properties of planifolia and pompona Vanillas. Molecules 2024; 29:839. [PMID: 38398591 PMCID: PMC10893505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vanilla production in Guadeloupe is expanding. The main species grown is Vanilla planifolia, but other species such as Vanilla pompona are also present and required by industries. To upgrade the value of vanilla production on this Caribbean Island, this study was performed to evaluate the aromatic specifies of these vanilla species according to the length of the post-harvest period (2 months and 9 months). For this purpose, Vanilla planifolia and Vanilla pompona were compared through scald and scarification transformation processes, as well as two different refining times (T1 and T2). For chemical characterization, 0.1 g of vanilla bean seeds was used for SMPE/GC-MS measurements, while 0.05 g of vanilla samples was subjected to infusion in milk (0.15%) for sensory evaluation. The latter involved generation of terms of aroma through olfaction and gustation sessions. The chemical results showed a significant difference between the two species, where vanillin was mostly present in Vanilla planifolia, unlike Vanilla pompona, where it was mainly rich in 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol. Interestingly, the second refining time was characterized by the appearance of two major components, 1,3-octadien and acetic acid. For sensory analysis, all the vanillas exhibited a high diversity of aromas including "sweet", "gourmand", "spicy" flavors and so on. The application of factorial correspondence analysis (FAC) as well as the agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) showed differences between the vanilla samples according to both the species and refining time. The combination of these analyses makes it possible to establish a chemical and organoleptic profile of vanillas. Varietal and processing factors both have a major impact on the aroma profile of vanillas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zeineb Nhouchi
- Institut Supérieur International du Parfum, de la Cosmétique et de l’Aromatique Alimentaire (ISIPCA), 34-36 Rue du Parc de Clagny, F-78000 Versailles, France
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Rivero-Angeles KD, Buitimea-Cantúa GV, Dávila-Ortiz G, López-Villegas EO, Welti-Chanes J, Escobedo-Avellaneda Z, Téllez-Medina DI. Microstructural Changes in Vanilla planifolia Beans after Using High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Treatment in the Curing Process. Foods 2024; 13:177. [PMID: 38254478 PMCID: PMC10813947 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During vanilla bean curing, the cell arrangement derived from the killing technique applied to start bean ripening is essential to obtain the characteristic aroma and flavor of vanilla. Hence, killing is an important step to release the enzymes and compounds required for vanillin production. In this work, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 100-400 MPa for 5 min, using water at 7 °C as the pressure-transmitting medium, was applied as the killing method, and its effect on the microstructural changes in vanilla beans during different curing cycles (C0-C20) was evaluated and compared with that observed after scalding by using water at 100 °C for 8 s. Microstructural changes in the cross-sectioned beans were analyzed using a stereomicroscope (SM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The vanilla beans were cross-sectioned and three main sectors were analyzed: the total, annular, and core. The morphometric descriptors, namely, area, Feret's diameter, and circularity, were quantified via digital image analysis (DIA), from which a shrinkage ratio was calculated. The results show that the total area in the beans presented a maximum decrease in the C16 of curing. The core area was most affected by the HHP treatment, mainly at 400 MPa, rather than scalding. CSLM observations revealed the autofluorescence of the compounds inside the beans. In conclusion, the use of microscopy techniques and DIA allowed us to determine the microstructural changes in the HHP-treated pods, which were found to be more numerous than those found in the scalded beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia D. Rivero-Angeles
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu 399, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (K.D.R.-A.); (G.D.-O.)
| | - Génesis V. Buitimea-Cantúa
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.V.B.-C.); (J.W.-C.)
| | - Gloria Dávila-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu 399, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (K.D.R.-A.); (G.D.-O.)
| | - Edgar O. López-Villegas
- Central de Instrumentación de Microscopía, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Welti-Chanes
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.V.B.-C.); (J.W.-C.)
| | - Zamantha Escobedo-Avellaneda
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.V.B.-C.); (J.W.-C.)
| | - Darío I. Téllez-Medina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu 399, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (K.D.R.-A.); (G.D.-O.)
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3
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Zhu M, Li X. Genome-wide identification of the glutamate receptor-like gene family in Vanilla planifolia and their response to Fusarium oxysporum infection. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2204654. [PMID: 37096589 PMCID: PMC10132242 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2204654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate receptor-like genes (GLRs) are essential for plant growth and development and for coping with environmental (biological and non-biological) stresses. In this study, 13 GLR members were identified in the Vanilla planifolia genome and attributed to two subgroups (Clade I and Clade III) based on their physical relationships. Cis-acting element analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations indicated the GLR gene regulation's complexity and their functional diversity. Expression analysis revealed a relatively higher and more general expression pattern of Clade III members compared to the Clade I subgroup in tissues. Most GLRs showed significant differences in expression during Fusarium oxysporum infection. This suggested that GLRs play a critical role in the response of V. planifolia to pathogenic infection. These results provide helpful information for further functional research and crop improvement of VpGLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinran Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, Guizhou, China
- CONTACT Xinran Li School of Biological Science and Technology, Liupanshui normal University, No.288 Minghu Road, Liupanshui, Guizhou, China
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Favre F, Jourda C, Grisoni M, Chiroleu F, Dijoux JB, Jade K, Rivallan R, Besse P, Charron C. First Vanilla planifolia High-Density Genetic Linkage Map Provides Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2997-3006. [PMID: 36856646 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-22-2386-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae (Forv), the causal agent of root and stem rot disease, is the main pathogen affecting vanilla production. Sources of resistance have been reported in Vanilla planifolia G. Jackson ex Andrews, the main cultivated vanilla species. In this study, we developed the first high-density genetic map in this species with 1,804 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-generated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using 125 selfed progenies of the CR0040 traditional vanilla cultivar. Sixteen linkage groups (LG) were successfully constructed, with a mean of 113 SNPs and an average length of 207 cM per LG. The map had a high density with an average of 5.45 SNP every 10 cM and an average distance of 1.85 cM between adjacent markers. The first three LG were aligned against the first assembled chromosome of CR0040, and the other 13 LG were correctly associated with the other 13 assembled chromosomes. The population was challenged with the highly pathogenic Forv strain Fo072 using the root-dip inoculation method. Five traits were mapped, and 20 QTLs were associated with resistance to Fo072. Among the genes retrieved in the CR0040 physical regions associated with QTLs, genes potentially involved in biotic resistance mechanisms, coding for kinases, E3 ubiquitin ligases, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins, and one leucine-rich repeat receptor underlying the qFo72_08.1 QTL have been highlighted. This study should provide useful resources for marker-assisted selection in V. planifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Favre
- University of Reunion Island, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St. Pierre, Reunion Island, France
| | - Cyril Jourda
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, Reunion Island, France
| | | | | | | | - Katia Jade
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, Reunion Island, France
| | - Ronan Rivallan
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Besse
- University of Reunion Island, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St. Pierre, Reunion Island, France
| | - Carine Charron
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, Reunion Island, France
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Šoch J, Šonka J, Ponert J. Acid scarification as a potent treatment for an in vitro germination of mature endozoochorous Vanilla planifolia seeds. Bot Stud 2023; 64:9. [PMID: 37067667 PMCID: PMC10110789 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vanilla planifolia is the most widely cultivated species of vanilla with high economic importance. However, seed germination under artificial conditions is difficult and yields low germination percentages. The seeds are adapted to endozoochorous dispersal, and we therefore tried to simulate the conditions in the digestive tract by acid scarification of seeds. RESULTS Immature seeds lacking dormancy, used as a control, showed the highest germination percentage. Among the treatments tested for mature seeds, the hydrochloric acid treatments were significantly the best in breaking dormancy and inducing germination, irrespective of the acid concentration and the presence of pepsin. Conventional treatment with a hypochlorite solution induced much lower germination percentage. Sulphuric acid at concentration 50% was too strong and caused damage to the seeds. Important factor is also high cultivation temperature 30 °C as there was nearly no germination at 25 °C. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol significantly improves the efficiency of generative propagation of vanilla and allows for significantly higher germination percentages than previously described. The strongly positive effect of hydrochloric acid may be related to the adaptation of seeds to endozoochorous dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šoch
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Šonka
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ponert
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Prague Botanical Garden, Trojská 800/196, 171 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
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Thye KL, Wan Abdullah WMAN, Ong-Abdullah J, Lamasudin DU, Wee CY, Mohd Yusoff MHY, Loh JY, Cheng WH, Lai KS. Calcium lignosulfonate modulates physiological and biochemical responses to enhance shoot multiplication in Vanilla planifolia Andrews. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2023; 29:377-392. [PMID: 37033764 PMCID: PMC10073391 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Utilisation of calcium lignosulfonate (CaLS) in Vanilla planifolia has been reported to improve shoot multiplication. However, mechanisms responsible for such observation remain unknown. Here, we elucidated the underlying mechanisms of CaLS in promoting shoot multiplication of V. planifolia via comparative proteomics, biochemical assays, and nutrient analysis. The proteome profile of CaLS-treated plants showed enhancement of several important cellular metabolisms such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis, Krebs cycle, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and carbohydrate synthesis. Further biochemical analysis recorded that CaLS increased Rubisco activity, hexokinase activity, isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, total carbohydrate content, glutamate synthase activity and total protein content in plant shoot, suggesting the role of CaLS in enhancing shoot growth via upregulation of cellular metabolism. Subsequent nutrient analysis showed that CaLS treatment elevated the contents of several nutrient ions especially calcium and sodium ions. In addition, our study also revealed that CaLS successfully maintained the cellular homeostasis level through the regulation of signalling molecules such as reactive oxygen species and calcium ions. These results demonstrated that the CaLS treatment can enhance shoot multiplication in V. planifolia Andrews by stimulating nutrient uptake, inducing cell metabolism, and regulating cell homeostasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01293-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah-Lok Thye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wan Muhamad Asrul Nizam Wan Abdullah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Janna Ong-Abdullah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Dhilia Udie Lamasudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chien-Yeong Wee
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Centre of Research for Advanced Aquaculture, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Santillán-Mendoza R, Estrella-Maldonado HJ, Matilde-Hernández C, Luna-Rodríguez M, Rodríguez-Quibrera CG, González-Cruz C, Torres-Olaya M, Flores-de la Rosa FR. Genome Sequence Resource of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae IXF41 and IXF50 Alongside the Endophyte F. oxysporum IXF53, Isolated from Vanilla Root Rot. Plant Dis 2023; 107:899-902. [PMID: 36587247 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-22-1543-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santillán-Mendoza
- Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, CIR-Golfo Centro, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tlapacoyan, Veracruz 93650, México
| | - Humberto J Estrella-Maldonado
- Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, CIR-Golfo Centro, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tlapacoyan, Veracruz 93650, México
| | - Cristian Matilde-Hernández
- Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, CIR-Golfo Centro, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tlapacoyan, Veracruz 93650, México
| | - Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz 91090, México
| | - Cynthia G Rodríguez-Quibrera
- Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, CIR-Golfo Centro, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tlapacoyan, Veracruz 93650, México
| | - Carlos González-Cruz
- Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, CIR-Golfo Centro, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tlapacoyan, Veracruz 93650, México
| | - Monserrat Torres-Olaya
- Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, CIR-Golfo Centro, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tlapacoyan, Veracruz 93650, México
| | - Felipe R Flores-de la Rosa
- Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, CIR-Golfo Centro, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tlapacoyan, Veracruz 93650, México
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Karremans AP, Bogarín D, Fernández Otárola M, Sharma J, Watteyn C, Warner J, Rodríguez Herrera B, Chinchilla IF, Carman E, Rojas Valerio E, Pillco Huarcaya R, Whitworth A. First evidence for multimodal animal seed dispersal in orchids. Curr Biol 2023; 33:364-371.e3. [PMID: 36521493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms for seed dispersal and persistence of species is a central aim of ecology. Seed dispersal by animals is an essential form of dissemination in many plant communities, including seeds of over 66% of neotropical canopy tree species.1,2 Besides physical dispersal, animals influence seed germination probabilities through scarification, breaking dormancy, and preventing rotting, so plants often invest important resources in attracting them. Orchids are predominantly adapted to wind dispersal, having dust-like seeds that are easily uplifted. Exceptions include bird-,3,4 cricket-,5,6 and mammal-dispersed7 species, featuring fleshy fruits with hard seeds that germinate after passing the animal's digestive system. Given the similarity in fruit and seed morphology, zoochory has also been suggested in Vanilla,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 a pantropical genus of 118 species with vine-like growth.16,17,18 We test this prediction through in situ and ex situ experimentation using fruits of Vanilla planifolia, and wild relatives, from which vanillin-a widely used natural aroma and flavoring-is obtained. Seeds from dehiscent fruits are removed by male Euglossini collecting fragrances, a unique case in plants, and female Meliponini bees gathering nest-building materials, a first among monocots. By contrast, mammals, mostly rodents, consume the nutritious indehiscent fruits, passing the seeds up to 18 h after consumption. Protocorm formation in digested and undigested seeds proves that scarification in the gut is not strictly required for germination. Multimodal seed dispersal mechanisms are proven for the first time in Orchidaceae, with ectozoochory and endozoochory playing crucial roles in the unusually broad distribution of Vanilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Karremans
- Lankester Botanical Garden (JBL), University of Costa Rica (UCR), P.O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Diego Bogarín
- Lankester Botanical Garden (JBL), University of Costa Rica (UCR), P.O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mauricio Fernández Otárola
- Biodiversity and Tropical Ecology Research Center (CIBET), School of Biology, University of Costa Rica (UCR), 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jyotsna Sharma
- Department of Plant Science, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 79409, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte Watteyn
- Lankester Botanical Garden (JBL), University of Costa Rica (UCR), P.O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorge Warner
- Lankester Botanical Garden (JBL), University of Costa Rica (UCR), P.O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Bernal Rodríguez Herrera
- Biodiversity and Tropical Ecology Research Center (CIBET), School of Biology, University of Costa Rica (UCR), 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Isler F Chinchilla
- Lankester Botanical Garden (JBL), University of Costa Rica (UCR), P.O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Ernesto Carman
- Selva Costa Rica, P.O. Box 1-7100, Paraíso, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Emmanuel Rojas Valerio
- Reserva Biológica Tirimbina, Calle 126, Apdo. 41002 La Virgen de Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Ruthmery Pillco Huarcaya
- Osa Conservation, Osa Peninsula, Apdo. 54-8203 Puerto Jiménez, Golfito, Costa Rica; Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Av. de La Cultura 773, Apdo. 08000 Cusco, Perú
| | - Andy Whitworth
- Osa Conservation, Osa Peninsula, Apdo. 54-8203 Puerto Jiménez, Golfito, Costa Rica; Department of Biology, Center for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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Antonio-Gutiérrez O, Pacheco-Reyes I, Lagunez-Rivera L, Solano R, Cañizares-Macías MDP, Vilarem G. Effect of Microwave and Ultrasound during the Killing Stage of the Curing Process of Vanilla ( Vanilla planifolia, Andrews) Pods. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030469. [PMID: 36765998 PMCID: PMC9914085 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The curing process (CP) of Vanilla planifolia pods, which is a long and tedious process, is necessary to obtain the natural vanilla extract. This research evaluated the application of microwave (M) and ultrasound (U) during the "killing" stage of the CP and its effect on vanillin content and β-glucosidase activity. The pods were immersed in a container with water or with moistened samples for the M treatments. In U treatments, the pods were immersed in an ultrasonic bath. After this stage, the samples were subjected to an additional U treatment. The results show that the application of these technologies significantly improves vanillin yield (p < 0.05) and the curing time is reduced to 20 days. U treatments subjected to additional sonication at 38 °C obtain more than double the yield of vanillin regarding control. The effect of M and U on cell structure damage increases with additional sonication, but at 15 min, β-glucosidase inactivation decreases the final yield. Disposition of samples in M also affects the final vanillin content. There is no significant correlation between β-glucosidase and vanillin in the different treatments. The application of M and U with the appropriate parameters reduces the CP time without affecting the compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Antonio-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Extracción y Análisis de Productos Naturales Vegetales, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos 1003, Oaxaca 71230, Mexico
| | - Isidro Pacheco-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Extracción y Análisis de Productos Naturales Vegetales, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos 1003, Oaxaca 71230, Mexico
| | - Luicita Lagunez-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Extracción y Análisis de Productos Naturales Vegetales, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos 1003, Oaxaca 71230, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-9515170400 (ext. 82771)
| | - Rodolfo Solano
- Laboratorio de Extracción y Análisis de Productos Naturales Vegetales, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos 1003, Oaxaca 71230, Mexico
| | - María del Pilar Cañizares-Macías
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Gerard Vilarem
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle, Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSIACET, 31030 Toulouse, France
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Carbajal-Valenzuela IA, Muñoz-Sanchez AH, Hernández-Hernández J, Barona-Gómez F, Truong C, Cibrián-Jaramillo A. Microbial Diversity in Cultivated and Feral Vanilla Vanilla planifolia Orchids Affected by Stem and Rot Disease. Microb Ecol 2022; 84:821-833. [PMID: 34671827 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide production of vanilla, a native orchid from Mexico, is greatly affected by stem and root rot disease (SRD), typically associated with Fusarium oxysporum fungi. We hypothesized that the presence of Fusarium species in vanilla is not sufficient for the plant to express symptoms of the disease. We described the taxonomic composition of endophytic microbiomes in symptomatic and asymptomatic vanilla plants using 16S and ITS rDNA metabarcoding, and ITS Sanger sequences generated from fungal isolates. We compared the bacterial and fungal diversity in vanilla plants from a long-term plantation, and from feral plants found near abandoned plantations that did not present SRD symptoms. No significant differences were found in the species richness of the bacterial and fungal microbiome among feral, or asymptomatic and symptomatic cultivated vanilla. However, significant differences were detected in both fungal and bacterial diversity from different organs in the same plant, with roots being more diverse than stems. We found that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, as well as the fungal families Nectriaceae and Xylariaceae, constitute the core of the vanilla microbiome that inhabits the root and stem of both cultivated and feral plants. Our work provides information on the microbial diversity associated to root and stem rot in vanilla and lays the groundwork for a better understanding of the role of the microbiome in vanilla fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireri A Carbajal-Valenzuela
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera León-Irapuato, CP 36824, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Ariel H Muñoz-Sanchez
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera León-Irapuato, CP 36824, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Juan Hernández-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Francisco Barona-Gómez
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera León-Irapuato, CP 36824, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Camille Truong
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Angélica Cibrián-Jaramillo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera León-Irapuato, CP 36824, Irapuato, Mexico.
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Randriambololona M, Rakotonirina TJ, Rieux A, Grisoni M. First report of Odontoglossum ringspot virus in Vanilla (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar. Plant Dis 2022; 107:1250. [PMID: 36018553 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-22-1399-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia, Orchidaceae) is Madagascar's leading agricultural export resource which provides 80% of world's consumption. During a phytosanitary survey conducted from November 2019 to March 2021 in the main vanilla production regions of Madagascar, 250 plots were indexed for cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV, Potexvirus genus) and odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV, Tobamovirus genus) the two most prevalent viruses of cultivated orchids worldwide (Zettler et al., 1990). For each plot, bulk samples (ten leaves taken at random) were assayed using Immunostrips (AGDIA, ISK 13301). A quarter of the plots (63/250) tested positive for CymMV. The highest prevalence of CymMV was observed in the SAVA region (57 out of 153 plots = 37,2%) where the virus has been reported since 1997 (Grisoni et al., 2010). Six plots located in the district of Mahanoro (Atsinanana) tested positive for ORSV. A few plants in these plots showed chlorotic often annular spots on their leaves. They were individually tested positive for ORSV, and negative for CymMV and potyviruses (Immunostrips AGDIA ISK 27200), the other two viruses reported so far in vanilla in Madagascar. To confirm the diagnosis of ORSV, leaf samples from five of the six infected plots were analysed by Tube Capture-RT-PCR (Grisoni et al., 2017) using two pairs of primers flanking the ORSV coat protein (CP) gene: OrCP1 (GGTCGGTAATGGTGTTAG) / OrCP2 (TGCATTATCGTATGCTCC), and CPOR-F(ATGTCTTACACTATTACAGACC) / CPOR-R(TTAGGAAGAGGTCCAAGTAAG). The five samples gave amplicons of the expected size (820 nt and 476 nt, respectively) and were sequenced with Sanger technology (Macrogen, The Netherlands). The ORSV-CP sequences of the Mahanoro isolates showed very close similarity to 198 ORSV-CP sequences from GenBank (95.8% to 99.6% nucleotide and 94.5 to 100% amino-acid identities), and less than 75.4% nucleotide (80.1% amino-acid) identities with Bell pepper mosaic virus (DQ355023), the tobamovirus closest to ORSV. The five ORSV-CP sequences from vanilla were deposited in GenBank under accessions numbers OM847399 to OM847403. These data confirmed that ORSV infects vanilla vines in Madagascar. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this virus in Madagascar and of its ability to infect symptomatically V. planifolia. The five ORSV isolates from vanilla had more than 98.7 % nucleotide identities of CP gene and clustered into a monophyletic group in maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, suggesting a single origin of these isolates. To further investigate the origin of ORSV in Madagascar, we made use of RNA sequences isolated at different points in time to infer the timing of evolutionary events (Rieux et al., 2016). We estimated the CP gene substitution rate to 4.8E-4 subst/site/year [95%HPD 2.1E-4 - 8.7E-4] which is close to the estimate of He et al. (2019) based on a slightly different sequences set (1.25E-3 subst/site/year). We dated the initial contamination of vanilla plts by ORSV between 2004 and 2013. Both ORSV and CymMV have deleterious effects on many ornamental orchids, and the pathogenicity of CymMV is exacerbated when co-infecting with ORSV (Lee et al., 2021). Therefore, ORSV represents a new threat to the Malagasy vanilla crop, especially in regions where CymMV is already rife. Given the economic importance of vanilla cultivation in the country, the implementation of prophylactic measures aimed at preventing the spread of ORSV, in particular through the sanitary control of cuttings, should be a priority for the vanilla industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendrikaja Randriambololona
- Université d'Antananarivo, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Centre Technique Horticole de Tamatave, Toamasina, Madagascar;
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Kamath AK, Nasim I, Muralidharan NP, Kothuri RN. Anti-microbial efficacy of Vanilla planifolia leaf extract against common oral micro-biomes: A comparative study of two different antibiotic sensitivity tests. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:330-334. [PMID: 36588845 PMCID: PMC9802507 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_293_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the past century, several antibiotics have been discovered and used to treat various microbial diseases. However, over the past few decades, with the emergence of anti-microbial resistant strains of microbiomes, it has become increasingly necessary to discover and develop alternative anti-microbial agents. Herbal formulations have shown promising results in the past decade. However, many herbal formulations remain unexplored. The present study aims to explore the anti-microbial properties of a newly prepared Vanilla planifolia extract. Methodology Vanilla planifolia leaves were collected, shade-dried, and then powdered. The powdered leaves of Vanilla planifolia (100 gm) were extracted by the cold percolation method with 300 ml ethanol at room temperature for 72 hours. The extracts were then tested for its constituent anti-microbial activity by the agar well method and disk diffusion method against different commonly found oral micro-biomes. The zones of inhibition were noted and measured, and the results were derived. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test (P <_ 0.001). Based on the statistical analysis, conclusions were drawn. Results The ethanolic extracts of Vanilla planifolia on the agar plates showed considerable anti-microbial activity in both the test methods against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus. However, no effect was found against Candida albicans. There was no significant difference in the results obtained by the two test methods (P >_ 0.001). Conclusions This experimental study presents a medicinal plant, an orchid Vanilla planifolia, which demonstrates the presence of essential anti-microbial agents in it, making it a potent, potential dental biomaterial with a positive and benefitting effect on the oral micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith K. Kamath
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Iffat Nasim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - NP Muralidharan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sanchez F, Bassil E, Crane JH, Shahid MA, Vincent CI, Schaffer B. Spectral light distribution affects photosynthesis, leaf reflective indices, antioxidant activity and growth of Vanillaplanifolia. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 182:145-153. [PMID: 35500525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vanilla planifolia is an obligate sciophyte (shade plant) with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis. Plants were grown for 12 months under black, blue, green, or red photoselective shade netting (PSN) to alter the spectral light distribution impacting the plants. Light wavelengths were measured in each treatment and plants were assessed for photosynthetic characteristics, leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, leaf reflectance indices, leaf area, growth, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and osmolyte content. Plants grown under red PSN had a higher quantity of red and far-red light and had greater nocturnal net CO2 assimilation (NocA), leaf area and leaf dry weight than plants in the other treatments. Plants grown under blue PSN had a higher quantity of blue light, resulting in a higher LCI and maximum quantum yield than plants in the other treatments. Plants grown under the red and blue PSN had increased leaf spectral reflectance indices compared to plants in the other treatments, which resulted in the highest levels of antioxidant scavenging enzymes, ascorbic acid (AsA), proline, and glycine betaine, and the lowest levels of H2O2. These findings demonstrate that increasing light in the red and far-red or blue portions of the spectrum by using PSN alters the photosynthetic and/or antioxidant responses of V. planifolia and increasing red and far-red light by using red PSN can also accelerate plant growth, possibly due to higher photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sanchez
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Elias Bassil
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Jonathan H Crane
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Muhammad A Shahid
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Christopher I Vincent
- University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Bruce Schaffer
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
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Chambers A, Cibrián-Jaramillo A, Karremans AP, Moreno Martinez D, Hernandez-Hernandez J, Brym M, Resende MFR, Moloney R, Sierra SN, Hasing T, Alomia YA, Hu Y. Genotyping-By-Sequencing diversity analysis of international Vanilla collections uncovers hidden diversity and enables plant improvement. Plant Sci 2021; 311:111019. [PMID: 34482920 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Genomics-based diversity analysis of natural vanilla populations is important in order to guide conservation efforts and genetic improvement through plant breeding. Vanilla is a cultivated, undomesticated spice that originated in Mesoamerica prior to spreading globally through vegetative cuttings. Vanilla extract from the commercial species, mainly V. planifolia and V. × tahitensis, is used around the world as an ingredient in foods, beverages, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The global reliance on descendants of a few foundational clones in commercial production has resulted in an industry at heightened risk of catastrophic failure due to extremely narrow genetic diversity. Conversely, national and institutional collections including those near the center of cultivation contain previously undiscovered diversity that could bolster the genetic improvement of vanilla and guide conservation efforts. Towards this goal, an international vanilla genotyping effort generated and analyzed 431,204 single nucleotide polymorphisms among 412 accessions and 27 species from eight collections. Phylogenetic and STRUCTURE analysis sorted vanilla by species and identified hybrid accessions. Principal Component Analysis and the Fixation Index (FST) were used to refine relationships among accessions and showed differentiation among species. Analysis of the commercial species split V. planifolia into three types with all V. × tahitensis accessions being most similar to V. planifolia type 2. Finally, an in-depth analysis of V. × tahitensis identified seven V. planifolia and six V. odorata accessions as most similar to the estimated parental genotypes providing additional data in support of the current hybrid theory. The prevalence of probable V. × tahitensis parental accessions from Belize suggests that V. × tahitensis could have originated from this area and highlights the need for vanilla conservation throughout Central and South America. The genetic groupings among accessions, particularly for V. planifolia, can now be used to focus breeding efforts on fewer accessions that capture the greatest diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chambers
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL, 33033, USA.
| | - Angélica Cibrián-Jaramillo
- Ecological and Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Guanajuato, CP 36824, Mexico.
| | - Adam P Karremans
- Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Endless Forms Group, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, 2333 BE, the Netherlands.
| | - David Moreno Martinez
- Posgrado en Ecología Tropical, Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, José María Morelos 44, Zona Centro, CP 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Juan Hernandez-Hernandez
- Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Veracruz, CP 93600, Mexico.
| | - Maria Brym
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL, 33033, USA.
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Ruth Moloney
- Corridgeree Belize Ltd, Mile 6, Southern Highway, Silk Grass, Stann Creek District, Belize.
| | - Sheryl N Sierra
- College of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Natural Resources, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, 4122, Philippines.
| | | | - Yasmin A Alomia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1 Nº 18A - 12, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ying Hu
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Ko SS, Jhong CM, Lin YJ, Wei CY, Lee JY, Shih MC. Blue Light Mediates Chloroplast Avoidance and Enhances Photoprotection of Vanilla Orchid. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8022. [PMID: 33126662 PMCID: PMC7663427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanilla orchid, which is well-known for its flavor and fragrance, is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. This shade-loving plant is very sensitive to high irradiance. In this study, we show that vanilla chloroplasts started to have avoidance movement when blue light (BL) was higher than 20 μmol m-2s-1 and significant avoidance movement was observed under BL irradiation at 100 μmol m-2s-1 (BL100). The light response curve indicated that when vanilla was exposed to 1000 μmol m-2s-1, the electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching of fluorescence (qP) were significantly reduced to a negligible amount. We found that if a vanilla orchid was irradiated with BL100 for 12 days, it acquired BL-acclimation. Chloroplasts moved to the side of cells in order to reduce light-harvesting antenna size, and chloroplast photodamage was eliminated. Therefore, BL-acclimation enhanced vanilla orchid growth and tolerance to moderate (500 μmol m-2s-1) and high light (1000 μmol m-2s-1) stress conditions. It was found that under high irradiation, BL-acclimatized vanilla maintained higher ETR and qP capacity than the control without BL-acclimation. BL-acclimation induced antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced ROS accumulation, and accumulated more carbohydrates. Moreover, BL-acclimatized orchids upregulated photosystem-II-associated marker genes (D1 and PetC), Rubisco and PEPC transcripts and sustained expression levels thereof, and also maximized the photosynthesis rate. Consequently, BL-acclimatized orchids had higher biomass. In short, this study found that acclimating vanilla orchid with BL before transplantation to the field might eliminate photoinhibition and enhance vanilla growth and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee-Suak Ko
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Tainan 741, Taiwan; (C.-M.J.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Jhong
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Tainan 741, Taiwan; (C.-M.J.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yi-Jyun Lin
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Tainan 741, Taiwan; (C.-M.J.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Ching-Yu Wei
- National Chiayi University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Ju-Yin Lee
- National Taiwan University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Che Shih
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Li J, Demesyeux L, Brym M, Chambers AH. Development of species-specific molecular markers in Vanilla for seedling selection of hybrids. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1905-1920. [PMID: 32026319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vanilla planifolia is the primary botanical source of vanilla extract used globally in various foods and beverages. V. planifolia has a global distribution based on a few foundational clones and therefore has limited genetic diversity. Many Vanilla species easily hybridize with V. planifolia and could be a source of valuable genetic traits like increased vanillin content, disease resistance, or early flowering. While breeding Vanilla hybrids may improve plant performance, basic molecular tools for this species are lacking. DNA-based molecular markers are the most efficient method to validate hybrid progeny, detect hybrids in commercial plantings, and identify unknown accessions. This study used publicly available sequence data to develop species-specific, qRT-PCR-based molecular markers for Vanilla. Over 580,000 assembled sequence fragments were filtered for species specificity and twenty-two targets were selected for qRT-PCR screening. Ten targets differentially amplified among V. planifolia, V. pompona, V. phaeantha, and V. palmarum with ΔCT values as high as 17.58 between species. The ten targets were used to validate the parentage of hybrid progeny from controlled crosses with most hybrid progeny showing amplification patterns similar to both parents. The ten targets were also used to screen sixteen Vanilla species for specificity, and supported species assignments for unknown accessions including the detection of putative hybrids. This is the first report using species-specific, qRT-PCR-based molecular markers in Vanilla. These markers are inexpensive, simple to develop, and can rapidly screen large populations. These methods will enable the further development of species-specific molecular markers when creating Vanilla interspecific hybrid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 501 Zhongkai Rd., Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.,Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Lynhe Demesyeux
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Maria Brym
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
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Pastelín Solano MC, Salinas Ruíz J, González Arnao MT, Castañeda Castro O, Galindo Tovar ME, Bello Bello JJ. Evaluation of in vitro shoot multiplication and ISSR marker based assessment of somaclonal variants at different subcultures of vanilla ( Vanilla planifolia Jacks). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2019; 25:561-567. [PMID: 30956436 PMCID: PMC6419708 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of subculture cycles on somaclonal variation of V. planifolia using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers was analyzed. Nodal segments of 2 cm in length were established in vitro and multiplied by 10 subculture cycles in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 8.86 μM BAP (benzylaminopurine). After 45 days in each culture, the length and number of shoots per explant were evaluated. For ISSR markers, ten shoots per each subculture and the mother plant were used. Ten ISSR primers were used and a total of 118 bands were obtained. The polymorphism (%) was calculated and a dendrogram based on Jaccard's genetic distance between the subcultures and the donor plant was obtained. These results show that the multiplication rate tends to increase until subculture five, whereas shoot length decreases as the number of subcultures increases. The ISSR markers revealed an increase in the polymorphism percentage after the fifth culture cycle. The dendrogram showed the formation of two groups. The first group, with less genetic variability, is the donor plant and subcultures 1-5; the second group has greater genetic distance and is formed by subcultures 6-10. The results revealed that the number of subcultures with 8.86 μM BAP is a factor that affects the somaclonal variation during in vitro regeneration of V. planifolia. In conclusion, the subculture number affects somaclonal variation and in vitro development of V. planifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cristina Pastelín Solano
- Faculty of Biological and Agropecuary Sciences, University of Veracruz, Km 1 Peñuela-Amatlán de los Reyes, Federal Highway, 94950 Amatlán de los Reyes, State of Veracruz Mexico
| | - Josafhat Salinas Ruíz
- Postgraduate College-Campus Córdoba, Km 348 Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Highway, 94946 Amatlán de los Reyes, State of Veracruz Mexico
| | - María Teresa González Arnao
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, University of Veracruz, Prolongación de Oriente 6, No. 1009, 94340 Orizaba, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Odón Castañeda Castro
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, University of Veracruz, Prolongación de Oriente 6, No. 1009, 94340 Orizaba, Veracruz Mexico
| | - María Elena Galindo Tovar
- Faculty of Biological and Agropecuary Sciences, University of Veracruz, Km 1 Peñuela-Amatlán de los Reyes, Federal Highway, 94950 Amatlán de los Reyes, State of Veracruz Mexico
| | - Jericó Jabín Bello Bello
- CONACYT- Postgraduate College-Campus Córdoba, Km 348 Córdoba-Veracruz, Federal Highway, 94946 Amatlán de los Reyes, State of Veracruz Mexico
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Bello-Bello JJ, Spinoso-Castillo JL, Arano-Avalos S, Martínez-Estrada E, Arellano-García ME, Pestryakov A, Toledano-Magaña Y, García-Ramos JC, Bogdanchikova N. Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Polymorphism Effects on Vanilla planifolia Jacks ex Andrews after Long-Term Exposure to Argovit ® Silver Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:E754. [PMID: 30257465 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide demands of Vanilla planifolia lead to finding new options to produce large-scale and contaminant-free crops. Particularly, the Mexican Government has classified Vanilla planifolia at risk and it subject to protection programs since wild species are in danger of extinction and no more than 30 clones have been found. Nanotechnology could help to solve both demands and genetic variability, but toxicological concerns must be solved. In this work, we present the first study of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects promoted by AgNPs in Vanilla planifolia plantlets after a very long exposure time of six weeks. Our results show that Vanilla planifolia plantlets growth with doses of 25 and 50 mg/L is favored with a small decrease in the mitotic index. A dose-dependency in the frequency of cells with chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei was found. However, genotoxic effects could be considered as minimum due to with the highest concentration employed (200 mg/L), the total percentage of chromatic aberrations is lower than 5% with only three micronuclei in 3000 cells, despite the long-time exposure to AgNP. Therefore, 25 and 50 mg/L (1.5 and 3 mg/L of metallic silver) were identified as safe concentrations for Vanilla planifolia growth on in vitro conditions. Exposure of plantlets to AgNPs increase the polymorphism registered by inter-simple sequence repeat method (ISSR), which could be useful to promote the genetic variability of this species.
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Ramírez-Mosqueda MA, Iglesias-Andreu LG, Sáenz L, Córdova I. Preliminary molecular detection of the somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase ( VpSERK) and knotted-like homeobox ( VpKNOX1) genes during in vitro morphogenesis of Vanilla planifolia Jacks. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:94. [PMID: 29430356 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the embryogenic competence of different tissues from different stages (friable callus, bud-regenerating callus, and whole buds) of Vanilla planifolia, through the molecular detection of the somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (VpSERK) and knotted-like homeobox (VpKNOX1) genes. RNA was extracted with Trizol®, cDNA was obtained, and the studied transcripts were amplified. Using non-specific primers, VpSERK and VpSTM gene expression was detected in the three stages evaluated. This study might contribute to providing an explanation for the recalcitrance of this Vanilla species to somatic embryogenesis.
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Yang H, Barros-Rios J, Kourteva G, Rao X, Chen F, Shen H, Liu C, Podstolski A, Belanger F, Havkin-Frenkel D, Dixon RA. A re-evaluation of the final step of vanillin biosynthesis in the orchid Vanilla planifolia. Phytochemistry 2017; 139:33-46. [PMID: 28411481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A recent publication describes an enzyme from the vanilla orchid Vanilla planifolia with the ability to convert ferulic acid directly to vanillin. The authors propose that this represents the final step in the biosynthesis of vanillin, which is then converted to its storage form, glucovanillin, by glycosylation. The existence of such a "vanillin synthase" could enable biotechnological production of vanillin from ferulic acid using a "natural" vanilla enzyme. The proposed vanillin synthase exhibits high identity to cysteine proteases, and is identical at the protein sequence level to a protein identified in 2003 as being associated with the conversion of 4-coumaric acid to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. We here demonstrate that the recombinant cysteine protease-like protein, whether expressed in an in vitro transcription-translation system, E. coli, yeast, or plants, is unable to convert ferulic acid to vanillin. Rather, the protein is a component of an enzyme complex that preferentially converts 4-coumaric acid to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, as demonstrated by the purification of this complex and peptide sequencing. Furthermore, RNA sequencing provides evidence that this protein is expressed in many tissues of V. planifolia irrespective of whether or not they produce vanillin. On the basis of our results, V. planifolia does not appear to contain a cysteine protease-like "vanillin synthase" that can, by itself, directly convert ferulic acid to vanillin. The pathway to vanillin in V. planifolia is yet to be conclusively determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Yang
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jaime Barros-Rios
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Galina Kourteva
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73402, USA
| | - Xiaolan Rao
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Chenggang Liu
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Andrzej Podstolski
- Institute of Plant Experimental Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Faith Belanger
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Daphna Havkin-Frenkel
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
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Brunschwig C, Rochard S, Pierrat A, Rouger A, Senger-Emonnot P, George G, Raharivelomanana P. Volatile composition and sensory properties of Vanilla × tahitensis bring new insights for vanilla quality control. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:848-858. [PMID: 25754309 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vanilla × tahitensis produced in French Polynesia has a unique flavour among vanilla species. However, data on volatiles and sensory properties remain limited. In this study, the volatile composition and sensory properties of V. × tahitensis from three Polynesian cultivars and two origins (French Polynesia/Papua New Guinea) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantitative descriptive analysis, respectively, and compared to Vanilla planifolia. RESULTS Vanilla species, origins and cultivars were differentiated by their volatile and sensory profiles using principal component analysis. The V. × tahitensis flavour from French Polynesia was characterized by a well-balanced sensory profile, having strong anise and caramel notes due to high levels of anisyl compounds. V. × tahitensis from Papua New Guinea was distinct from that of French Polynesia, having strong spicy, fruity, brown rum notes due to p-vinylguaiacol, p-cresol and esters. Vanilla planifolia showed stronger phenolic, woody, smoky notes due to guaiacol, creosol and phenol, which were found to be biomarkers of the species. Vanilla sensory properties were linked by partial least squares regression to key volatile compounds like guaiacol or creosol, which are indicators of lower quality. CONCLUSION This study brings new insights to vanilla quality control, with a focus on key volatile compounds, irrespective of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Brunschwig
- Equipe EIMS (Etude Intégrée des Métabolites Secondaires), UMR 241 EIO, Université de la Polynésie Française, 98702 Faaa, Tahiti, French Polynesia
- Département Recherche et Développement, Etablissement Vanille de Tahiti, 98735 Raiatea, French Polynesia
| | - Sophie Rochard
- Department of Analytical Flavour Chemistry, Kerry Ingredients and Flavours, 06131 Grasse, France
| | - Alexandre Pierrat
- Department of Analytical Flavour Chemistry, Kerry Ingredients and Flavours, 06131 Grasse, France
| | - Anne Rouger
- Department of Analytical Flavour Chemistry, Kerry Ingredients and Flavours, 06131 Grasse, France
| | - Perrine Senger-Emonnot
- Department of Analytical Flavour Chemistry, Kerry Ingredients and Flavours, 06131 Grasse, France
| | - Gérard George
- Department of Analytical Flavour Chemistry, Kerry Ingredients and Flavours, 06131 Grasse, France
- ERINI Institute, 06130 Grasse, France
| | - Phila Raharivelomanana
- Equipe EIMS (Etude Intégrée des Métabolites Secondaires), UMR 241 EIO, Université de la Polynésie Française, 98702 Faaa, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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22
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Koyyappurath S, Conéjéro G, Dijoux JB, Lapeyre-Montès F, Jade K, Chiroleu F, Gatineau F, Verdeil JL, Besse P, Grisoni M. Differential Responses of Vanilla Accessions to Root Rot and Colonization by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:1125. [PMID: 26734032 PMCID: PMC4683197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Root and stem rot (RSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae (Forv) is the most damaging disease of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia and V. × tahitensis, Orchidaceae). Breeding programs aimed at developing resistant vanilla varieties are hampered by the scarcity of sources of resistance to RSR and insufficient knowledge about the histopathology of Forv. In this work we have (i) identified new genetic resources resistant to RSR including V. planifolia inbreds and vanilla relatives, (ii) thoroughly described the colonization pattern of Forv into selected vanilla accessions, confirming its necrotic non-vascular behavior in roots, and (iii) evidenced the key role played by hypodermis, and particularly lignin deposition onto hypodermal cell walls, for resistance to Forv in two highly resistant vanilla accessions. Two hundred and fifty-four vanilla accessions were evaluated in the field under natural conditions of infection and in controlled conditions using in vitro plants root-dip inoculated by the highly pathogenic isolate Fo072. For the 26 accessions evaluated in both conditions, a high correlation was observed between field evaluation and in vitro assay. The root infection process and plant response of one susceptible and two resistant accessions challenged with Fo072 were studied using wide field and multiphoton microscopy. In susceptible V. planifolia, hyphae penetrated directly into the rhizodermis in the hairy root region then invaded the cortex through the passage cells where it induced plasmolysis, but never reached the vascular region. In the case of the resistant accessions, the penetration was stopped at the hypodermal layer. Anatomical and histochemical observations coupled with spectral analysis of the hypodermis suggested the role of lignin deposition in the resistance to Forv. The thickness of lignin constitutively deposited onto outer cell walls of hypodermis was highly correlated with the level of resistance for 21 accessions tested. The accumulation of p-coumaric and sinapic acids, two phenolic precursors of lignin, was observed in the resistant plants inoculated with Fo072, but not in the susceptible one. Altogether, our analyses enlightened the mechanisms at work in RSR resistant genotypes and should enhance the development of novel breeding strategies aimed at improving the genetic control of RSR of vanilla.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katia Jade
- UMR C53, PVBMT, CIRAD, 3P, Saint-PierreLa Réunion, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascale Besse
- UMR C53, PVBMT, Université de La Réunion, Saint DenisLa Réunion, France
| | - Michel Grisoni
- UMR C53, PVBMT, CIRAD, 3P, Saint-PierreLa Réunion, France
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Kodja H, Noirot M, Khoyratty SS, Limbada H, Verpoorte R, Palama TL. Biochemical characterization of embryogenic calli of Vanilla planifolia in response to two years of thidiazuron treatment. Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 96:337-344. [PMID: 26351150 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vanilla planifolia embryogenic calli were cultured for two years on a medium containing thidiazuron (TDZ). Due to the presence of TDZ, these calli were under permanent chemical treatment and the differentiation of adventitious shoots from protocorm-like-bodies (PLBs) was blocked. When embryogenic calli were transferred onto a medium without TDZ, shoot organogenesis and plantlet regeneration occurred. To gain better knowledge about the biochemical and molecular processes involved in the morphoregulatory role of TDZ, hormonal and metabolomic analyses were performed. Our results indicate that in the presence of TDZ, embryogenic calli contained a high amount of abscisic acid (ABA) essentially metabolized into abscisic acid glucosyl ester (ABAGE) and phaseic acid (PA), which was the most abundant. When transferred onto a medium without TDZ, shoot regeneration and development take place in four stages that include: embryogenic calli growth, differentiation of PLBs from meristmatic cells zones (MCZ), shoot organogenesis from PLBs and the elongation of well-formed shoots. From a hormonal perspective, the significant reduction in ABA metabolism and its readjustment in the ABAGE pathway triggered PLBs formation. However, this first morphogenesis was stimulated by a strong reduction in IAA metabolism. The organogenesis of PLBs into shoots is associated with an increase in ABA catabolism and a gradual shift in cellular metabolism towards shoot differentiation. Thus, the initiation of the elongation process in shoots is correlated with an alteration in metabolite composition, including an increase in energy reserves (sucrose/starch) and a rapid decrease in alanine content. Our data highlighted the relationship between endogenous hormone signalling, carbohydrate metabolism and shoot organogenesis in Orchid plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hippolyte Kodja
- UMR "Peuplement végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical", Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France.
| | - Michel Noirot
- UMR "Peuplement végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical", Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France.
| | - Shahnoo S Khoyratty
- UMR "Peuplement végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical", Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France.
| | - Hafsah Limbada
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France.
| | | | - Tony Lionel Palama
- UMR "Peuplement végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical", Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; LISBP-INSA Toulouse 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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Fock-Bastide I, Palama TL, Bory S, Lécolier A, Noirot M, Joët T. Expression profiles of key phenylpropanoid genes during Vanilla planifolia pod development reveal a positive correlation between PAL gene expression and vanillin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 74:304-14. [PMID: 24342082 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In Vanilla planifolia pods, development of flavor precursors is dependent on the phenylpropanoid pathway. The distinctive vanilla aroma is produced by numerous phenolic compounds of which vanillin is the most important. Because of the economic importance of vanilla, vanillin biosynthetic pathways have been extensively studied but agreement has not yet been reached on the processes leading to its accumulation. In order to explore the transcriptional control exerted on these pathways, five key phenylpropanoid genes expressed during pod development were identified and their mRNA accumulation profiles were evaluated during pod development and maturation using quantitative real-time PCR. As a prerequisite for expression analysis using qRT-PCR, five potential reference genes were tested, and two genes encoding Actin and EF1 were shown to be the most stable reference genes for accurate normalization during pod development. For the first time, genes encoding a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (VpPAL1) and a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (VpC4H1) were identified in vanilla pods and studied during maturation. Among phenylpropanoid genes, differential regulation was observed from 3 to 8 months after pollination. VpPAL1 was gradually up-regulated, reaching the maximum expression level at maturity. In contrast, genes encoding 4HBS, C4H, OMT2 and OMT3 did not show significant increase in expression levels after the fourth month post-pollination. Expression profiling of these key phenylpropanoid genes is also discussed in light of accumulation patterns for key phenolic compounds. Interestingly, VpPAL1 gene expression was shown to be positively correlated to maturation and vanillin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Fock-Bastide
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (PVBMT), Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7, Chemin de l'IRAT, Ligne Paradis, 97410 Saint Pierre, France.
| | - Tony Lionel Palama
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (PVBMT), Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7, Chemin de l'IRAT, Ligne Paradis, 97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Séverine Bory
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (PVBMT), Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7, Chemin de l'IRAT, Ligne Paradis, 97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Aurélie Lécolier
- IRD, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (PVBMT), Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7, Chemin de l'IRAT, Ligne Paradis, 97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Michel Noirot
- IRD, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (PVBMT), Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7, Chemin de l'IRAT, Ligne Paradis, 97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Thierry Joët
- IRD, UMR Diversité, Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (DIADE), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
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25
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George PS, Ravishankar GA. In vitro multiplication of Vanilla planifolia using axillary bud explants. Plant Cell Rep 1997; 16:490-494. [PMID: 30727638 DOI: 10.1007/bf01092772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/1995] [Revised: 09/30/1996] [Accepted: 10/16/1996] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A clonal propagation method has been developed for efficient multiplication ofVanilla planifolia. Multiple shoots were developed from axillary bud explants using semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA, 2 mg l-1) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 1 mg l-1). The multiple shoots were transferred to agitated liquid MS medium with BA at 1 mg l-1 and NAA at 0.5 mg l-1 for 2-3 weeks, and subsequently cultured on semi-solid medium. Using this method, an average of 42 shoots were obtained from a single axillary bud explant over a period of 134 days. Use of an intervening liquid medium has been found to enhance multiplication of shoots inV. planifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S George
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570013, Mysore, India
| | - G A Ravishankar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570013, Mysore, India
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