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Iqbal SJ, Gondal MUR, Mukarram S, Sapna F, Kumar D, Malik J, Malik M, Awais M. Association of burnout and harassment among cardiology trainees: Pakistan's perspective. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102201. [PMID: 37967799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the relationship between sexual harassment and burnout among cardiology trainees, shedding light on the prevalence and impact of these experiences in medical practice. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 518 respondents, with 420 responding to the Sexual Experience Questionnaire (SEQ). The survey measured harassment experiences and their impact on burnout, especially among female physicians. Correlations were analyzed to understand the association between these variables. RESULTS Out of 1,375 invitees, we received 671 (48.8 %) responses. The study population was divided into two main groups: males (359) and females (312). The study identified a high prevalence of sexual harassment experiences among female physicians, with incidents occurring primarily during training. Moderate to large correlations were observed between SEQ subscales related to colleagues and patients and their families. While sexual harassment was not significantly related to burnout, this study suggests the need for interventions to create a safer medical workplace. Approximately 22 % of male participants (n = 359) reported career-related inappropriate sexual incidents, with 28 % of male physicians experiencing weekly burnout. Among female participants (n = 312), around 37 % reported inappropriate incidents, while 42 % of female physicians felt weekly burnout. CONCLUSION Sexual harassment in medicine is a pervasive issue with potential implications for physician well-being. Initiatives aimed at changing the organizational response and fostering a more equitable environment are warranted to address this critical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Javaid Iqbal
- Department of Cardiology, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahid Mukarram
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fnu Sapna
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Maria Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Cardiology, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Ranasinghe PD, Zhou A. Women physicians and the COVID-19 pandemic: gender-based impacts and potential interventions. Ann Med 2023; 55:319-324. [PMID: 36594806 PMCID: PMC9815224 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2164046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: These are extraordinary times caused by the first global pandemic in our modern era. Physicians and other frontline healthcare providers face unique challenges, for which they have had little formal preparation. This combination of challenge and deficit leads to significant negative impacts, not only on what medical practices and health care systems can deliver to the public, but also on the individual healthcare providers themselves.Methods: In this essay, we specifically address women physicians, and explore the considerable impact they bear from the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the contexts of response to stress, social isolation, work-life integration, and autonomy. Because the language we use is important, we think it necessary to clarify that when we refer to 'women physicians,' we are referring to physicians that self-identify as women, and we acknowledge that not all the references we cite may use the same definition.Results: We offer several potential interventions that turn the challenges women physicians are facing into opportunities to address longstanding inequity. These interventions include tackling barriers to work-life balance, addressing gender and maternal bias, and promoting women physician representation in leadership.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to become a chronic part of our lives; protecting vulnerable populations, such as women physicians, through thoughtful intervention is paramount.KEY MESSAGESWomen physicians experience considerable adversity during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the contexts of response to stress, social isolation, work-life integration, and autonomy.These challenges create opportunities for interventions to improve equity in medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the long-term, including tackling barriers to work-life balance, addressing gender and maternal bias, and promoting women physician representation in leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Zhou
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Advani R, Arjonilla M, Guerson A, Taub E, Monzur F. Gender-Specific Attitudes of Internal Medicine Residents Toward Gastroenterology. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5044-5052. [PMID: 35596822 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Female representation among gastroenterology (GI) fellows has remained around 30%, yet women comprise over 50% of internal medicine (IM) residents. We aim to identify the gender-specific barriers of IM residents toward pursuing GI. METHODS We surveyed IM residents in the Northeast by emailing 168 IM programs a survey link to be distributed to their residents. A 4-point Likert barrier scale and bivariate analysis were performed with "yes" and "no," where "yes" was analyzed as "somewhat of a barrier" and above. Females received a third table assessing female-specific barriers. Significance was set at < 0.05. RESULTS Of 215 survey responses, 56.3% (n = 121) were female. Response rate could not be determined due to resident identity protection and inconsistent responses of survey dissemination from programs. Females had significantly greater concerns about fertility, maternity leave, radiation exposure, work-life balance, stress, and burnout compared to males (p < 0.05). For females, 48.7% felt a lack of gender diversity in GI, 54.6% felt a lack of female GI mentors, and 43.7% felt there is a lack of respect as a female in GI. No gender differences existed in motivation to pursue GI, exposure to GI, and access to GI mentors, or GI-related research. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that female IM trainees had greater concerns surrounding fertility, radiation exposure, and maternity leave compared to male IM trainees. Lack of gender diversity and lack of female GI mentors were noted barriers for female IM trainees. Addressing these barriers may help increase female representation in GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Advani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, 101 Nicolls Road, HSC T17-060, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8173, USA.
| | - Marta Arjonilla
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Arcelia Guerson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, 101 Nicolls Road, HSC T17-060, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8173, USA
| | - Erin Taub
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stony Brook University Hospital, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Farah Monzur
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, 101 Nicolls Road, HSC T17-060, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8173, USA
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Sethi S, Edwards J, Webb A, Mendoza S, Kumar A, Chae S. Addressing Gender Disparity: Increase in Female Leadership Increases Gender Equality in Program Director and Fellow Ranks. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:357-363. [PMID: 33403481 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women make up 15% of the total number of practicing gastroenterology (GI) physicians in the US. Despite this disparity, only 33% of the current GI fellows are female. Increasing female GIs is a major goal of all four GI societies. It is known that gender disparity exists in the field of gastroenterology, and women are underrepresented in the leadership ranks and trainee level at academic programs. Whether an increase in female leadership in academic medicine is associated with an increase in female program directors and trainees is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess this relationship in GI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected via a standardized protocol from all 173 US gastroenterology fellowship programs up until October 2018 from program websites and supplemented by online surveys completed by program coordinators. Any missing information was collected by calling the program coordinators. Data were collected on gender and academic rank of the program director, associate program director, division chief, chair of medicine, program size, academic center affiliation, number, and academic rank of female faculty and geographic region. The association was assessed using a Chi-square test or independent samples t test. RESULTS In leadership positions, men were listed as comprising 86% of chairs, 82% of division chiefs, 76% of program directors and 63% of associate program directors. Forty-three percent of programs did not have female representation at any leadership level. The presence of a female program director or female associate program director was associated with an increase in the number of female fellows (4.03 vs 3.20; p = 0.076; 4.26 vs 3.36; p = 0.041), respectively. Overall, the presence of a female in any leadership position led to an increase in the number of female fellows (4.04 females vs 2.87 females; p = 0.007) enrolled in a program. If a GI division chief was male, the program director was more likely to be male as well (81% male vs. 18.8% female). Conversely, having a female division chief was likely to lead to a more equitable program director representation, 54% female to 48% male (p value < 0.0001, OR 5.03 95% CI 2.04-12.3). Furthermore, if either the internal medicine department chair or GI chief was female, the proportion of female program directors increased to 41% as compared to 19% if both were male (p value < 0.0001, OR 2.99 95% CI 1.34-6.6). CONCLUSION Women are significantly underrepresented in the number of practicing gastroenterologists, at all levels of leadership in GI fellowship programs, and at the fellow level. Increasing the number of women in fellowship leadership positions is associated with an increase in female program directors and trainees. Per our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between female leadership in fellowship programs and the gender of trainees. Increasing female representation in leadership positions would not only address current gender disparity, but it may also increase the number of female future GI trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajiv Sethi
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 82, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Jade Edwards
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 82, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Alexander Webb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 17 Davis Blvd, Suite 308, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Saritza Mendoza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 17 Davis Blvd, Suite 308, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 1152, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Soojong Chae
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 82, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Abstract
The role of female physicians has advanced among western medicine. Women now constitute a majority within medical schools, and the number of women in podiatric medicine and surgery has increased over the last 5 decades. Conversely, female physicians continue to face barriers to closing the gender gap. They have lower academic standings and fewer publications, receive less awards/grants, are underrepresented in leadership positions, have a lower incidence pursuing surgical specialties, and receive lower compensation. Women experience an increased rate of burnout, gender discrimination, and sexual harassment. Increasing awareness of the gender gap is vital to the enhancement of the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Brower
- John Peter Smith Hospital, 1500 South Main Street, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
| | - Meagan M Jennings
- Silicon Valley Foot & Ankle Reconstructive Surgery Fellowship, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, 701 E. El Camino Real South Wing, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA
| | - Michelle L Butterworth
- Williamsburg Regional Hospital, 500 Thurgood Marshall Hwy, Suite B, Kingstree, SC 29556, USA
| | - Mary E Crawford
- Providence Regional Medical Center, Private Practice at the Ankle & Foot Clinics Northwest, 3131 Nassaeu Street Suite 101, Everett, WA 98291, USA
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Pyatigorskaya N, Madson M, Di Marco L. Women's career choices in radiology in France. Diagn Interv Imaging 2017; 98:775-783. [PMID: 28757429 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the possible effects of gender on residents' and fellows' motivations in choosing radiology as a career in France, and on choosing a practice setting later on. MATERIAL AND METHODS An online survey was sent to French residents and fellows in order to access their radiology practice and career aspirations, as well as the potential influence of their gender. Influence of being a woman on initial professional expectations, professional choices, and the evolution of career paths was investigated using the chi-square test. RESULTS Responses were collected from 206 French residents and fellows. The reasons for choosing radiology residency were, at first, mostly the same for men and women such as interest in the specialty (100% of women and men), work conditions (74% of women and men), technical aspects of the specialty (63% of men and 52% of women, P=0.11) or "reasonable" workload (29% women and 21% men, P=0.19); however, 74% of women stated that maternity might influence their career choices, and were less interested in unstable positions exclusively in private practice (45% men and 33% women, P=0.05). CONCLUSION Male and female radiologists primarily considered the same factors in choosing their specialties. However, maternity is still a source of inequality in France, including fewer opportunities for fellowship positions or academic careers. Furthermore, more women were willing to work in salaried positions to acquire a secure job, even though compensation might be lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pyatigorskaya
- Department of Neuroradiology, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris, France.
| | - M Madson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Library Sciences and Informatics Charleston, SC 29425-4030 MUSC Library, 171, Ashley Avenue, Suite 300, MSC 403, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - L Di Marco
- Department of Radiology, centre hospitalo-universitaire, 21000 Dijon, France
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