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Nguyen N, Islam S, Llanes KD, Koester KA, Ling PM. Classification of patterns of tobacco and cannabis co-use based on temporal proximity: A qualitative study among young adults. Addict Behav 2024; 152:107971. [PMID: 38281461 PMCID: PMC10923078 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Co-use of tobacco and cannabis is a common and complex behavior. The lack of harmonized measures of co-use yields confusion and inconsistencies in synthesizing evidence about the health effects of co-use. We aimed to classify co-use patterns based on temporal proximity and describe preferred products and motives for each pattern in order to improve co-use surveillance. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews in a sample of 34 young adults (Mage = 22.8 years, 32.4 % female) during 2017-2019 in California, USA. We employed a qualitative thematic analysis to identify timing, reasons, and contexts for tobacco and cannabis co-use and classify co-use patterns. RESULTS Four emergent patterns of co-use with increasing temporal proximity between tobacco use and cannabis use were: Same-month different-day co-use (Pattern 1); Same-day different-occasion co-use (Pattern 2); Same-occasion sequential co-use (Pattern 3); and Same-occasion simultaneous co-use (Pattern 4). Participants used various product combinations within each pattern. Similar motives for all patterns were socialization, product availability, and coping with stress/anxiety. Unique motive for temporally distant patterns (Patterns 1 and 2) was seeking substance-specific effects (e.g., stimulant effect from nicotine, relaxation effects from cannabis), while unique motives for temporally close patterns (Patterns 3 and 4) were seeking combined effects from both substances (e.g., more intense psychoactive effects, mitigating cannabis adverse effects) and behavioral trigger (e.g., cannabis use triggers tobacco use). CONCLUSIONS Our classification of co-use patterns can facilitate consistency for measuring co-use and assessing its health impacts. Future research should also measure product types and motives for different patterns to inform intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Nguyen
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Sabrina Islam
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Karla D Llanes
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly A Koester
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pamela M Ling
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Cornacchione Ross J, Kowitt SD, Rubenstein D, Jarman KL, Goldstein AO, Thrasher JF, Ranney LM. Prevalence and correlates of flavored novel oral nicotine product use among a national sample of youth. Addict Behav 2024; 152:107982. [PMID: 38359494 PMCID: PMC10939726 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavored novel oral nicotine products (ONP), such as pouches, gum, lozenges, tablets, and gummies, have recently entered the US market but have not been authorized for smoking cessation. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of ONPs in a national sample of youth who smoked little filtered cigars or cigarillos (LCCs) or were susceptible to LCCs. METHODS We conducted a national online survey from September-October 2022, as part of a study to develop cigar warnings among youth. Those aged 15-20 years old who reported using (ever or current) or susceptibility to little filtered cigars or cigarillos (LCCs) were eligible. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses assessed the prevalence of flavored ONP use and associations with other past 30-day tobacco product use and participant characteristics. RESULTS Approximately one-fifth (17.1 %) of the sample (n = 680) reported past month flavored ONP use. Any past month tobacco use was correlated with past month flavored ONP use (ps < 0.001), increasing from 17.1 % in the overall sample to 26.8 % among those reporting e-cigarette use, 41.4 % (LCCs), 47.8 % (waterpipe tobacco), 61.8 % (large cigars), and 69.1 % (smokeless tobacco). The number of products used in the past month was significantly associated with higher odds of ONPs in the past month in a multivariable logistic regression model (aOR2.26; 95 % CI: 1.92, 2.65). DISCUSSION Almost one-fifth of participants who use or are susceptible to cigar use in our national sample of youth use ONPs. Dual/poly use of other tobacco products and ONPs among youth suggests that many of these youth may be addicted to nicotine. Additional surveillance and regulation of ONPs that exhibit enticing characteristics, such as flavors, kid-friendly formulations, and targeted marketing/branding may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cornacchione Ross
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sarah D Kowitt
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dana Rubenstein
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristen L Jarman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam O Goldstein
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Leah M Ranney
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Desai S, Zundel CG, Evanski JM, Gowatch LC, Bhogal A, Ely S, Carpenter C, Shampine M, O'Mara E, Rabinak CA, Marusak HA. Genetic variation in endocannabinoid signaling: Anxiety, depression, and threat- and reward-related brain functioning during the transition into adolescence. Behav Brain Res 2024; 463:114925. [PMID: 38423255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid system modulates neural activity throughout the lifespan. In adults, neuroimaging studies link a common genetic variant in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH C385A)-an enzyme that regulates endocannabinoid signaling-to reduced risk of anxiety and depression, and altered threat- and reward-related neural activity. However, limited research has investigated these associations during the transition into adolescence, a period of substantial neurodevelopment and increased psychopathology risk. METHODS This study included FAAH genotype and longitudinal neuroimaging and neurobehavioral data from 4811 youth (46% female; 9-11 years at Baseline, 11-13 years at Year 2) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study. Linear mixed models examined the effects of FAAH and the FAAH x time interaction on anxiety and depressive symptoms, amygdala reactivity to threatening faces, and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) response to happy faces during the emotional n-back task. RESULTS A significant main effect of FAAH on depressive symptoms was observed, such that depressive symptoms were lower across both timepoints in those with the AA genotype compared to both AC and CC genotypes (p's<0.05). There were no significant FAAH x time interactions for anxiety, depression, or neural responses (p's>0.05). Additionally, there were no main effects of FAAH on anxiety or neural responses (p's>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings add to emerging evidence linking the FAAH C385A variant to lower risk of psychopathology, and extend these findings to a developmental sample. In particular, we found lower depressive symptoms in FAAH AA genotypes compared to AC and CC genotypes. Future research is needed to characterize the role of the FAAH variant and the eCB system more broadly in neurodevelopment and psychiatric risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Desai
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Clara G Zundel
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Julia M Evanski
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Leah C Gowatch
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Amanpreet Bhogal
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Samantha Ely
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Carmen Carpenter
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - MacKenna Shampine
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Emilie O'Mara
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Christine A Rabinak
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA; Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, USA
| | - Hilary A Marusak
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA; Dept. of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA; Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, USA.
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Gohari MR, Patte KA, MacKillop J, Waloszek A, Leatherdale ST. An Examination of Bidirectional Associations Between Alcohol Use and Internalizing Symptoms Among Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:739-746. [PMID: 38085202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores the bidirectional association between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use over three years of the COVID-19 pandemic to examine whether alcohol consumption is associated with higher internalizing symptoms in the next year and vice versa. METHODS We used linked data from a sample of 2,136 secondary school students who participated in three consecutive waves (2019-2020 [T1], 2020-2021 [T2], and 2021-2022 [T3]) of the Cannabis use, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour study during the pandemic. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to characterize reciprocal linear relations between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use. RESULTS The findings suggest that students who reported higher levels of alcohol use at T1 experienced increased levels of depression and anxiety in the subsequent year (T2). However, this association was not observed from T2 to T3. Throughout the three-year period, depression and anxiety were not associated with later alcohol use. In males, alcohol use at T1 was a predictor of higher internalizing symptoms at T2 but not from T2 to T3. DISCUSSION These results suggest time-sensitive impacts and notable gender differences in the relationship between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use over the pandemic. Given the complexity of impacts, ongoing evaluation of the impact of the pandemic on youth health behaviours is necessary to elucidate these unfolding relationships, especially as the pandemic continues to affect various psychosocial risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood R Gohari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Karen A Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Kazimierz UP, Paweł Z, Kwok N, Agata K. Physical activity of children and adolescents with disabilities in Poland - First Para Report Card. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:111-116. [PMID: 38274553 PMCID: PMC10808982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the Polish Para Report Card, which assesses various aspects of physical activity (PA) and related indicators among Polish children and adolescents with disabilities. This area has been under-researched, especially in the Polish context. Methods The research methodology included systematic literature searches from 2014 to 2022, utilizing databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. This was complemented by outreach to governmental institutions for additional reports and data. The search strategy was aligned with the Global Matrix methodology and aimed at evaluating ten distinct indicators: Overall PA, Organized Sport and PA, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, Government. Results Grades were assigned to three of ten indicators. The Overall PA, Sedentary Behavior, and Government indicators each received a D-grade. Conclusions The study reveals the need for an extensive system to monitor PA among Polish children and adolescents with disabilities, and the development of effective strategies to enhance PA in this group. Children with disabilities in Poland are under-researched in the area of PA compared to their their counterparts without disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zembura Paweł
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ng Kwok
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Korcz Agata
- Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Sigurvinsdottir R, Gisladottir B, Asgeirsdottir BB, Sigfusdottir ID. Sexual Attraction and Non-Suicidal Self-Harm: The Role of Stressors and Psychological Mediators. Arch Sex Behav 2024; 53:1293-1306. [PMID: 38347324 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) is a serious concern for the well-being of youth. Stressors relate to greater NSSH risk, such as being non-heterosexual in a heteronormative society. Other stressors may include traumatic experiences. These relationships may be mediated by psychological factors (depressed mood, anxiety, anger, and self-esteem) as well as contextual factors (support from parents and peers). The purpose of this study was to examine NSHH ideation and behavior among Icelandic youth, as well as relationships with stressors and mediators. Students in Icelandic high schools (N = 8921, 50.8% female) completed an in-class survey in the year 2016. Results showed an elevated risk of NSSH ideation and behavior among bisexual and homosexual youth. Mediation analyses showed that, for girls, being bisexual related to greater NSSH ideation and behavior, and these relationships were mediated by depressed mood, anger, and self-esteem, as well as by support from parents and peers. For boys, however, both homosexual and bisexual attraction related to greater risk for NSSH ideation and behavior, which was mediated by depressed mood, anger, and self-esteem. These results suggest that NSSH risk factors vary by gender and, therefore, they may benefit from different interventions to stop and prevent this behavior. This is the first study of its kind in Iceland, where sexual minority stress may need further study within the Nordic context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Inga Dora Sigfusdottir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Vahedi L, Seff I, Meinhart M, Roa AH, Villaveces A, Stark L. The association between youth violence and mental health outcomes in Colombia: A cross sectional analysis. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 150:106336. [PMID: 37442669 PMCID: PMC10896151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against children and youth poses public health risks regarding mental health symptoms and substance use. Less studied is the relationship between violence and mental health/substance abuse in the Latin American context. This study explored sex-stratified relationships between violence and mental health/substance use among Colombian youth. METHODS We analyzed the 2018 Colombian Violence Against Children and Youth Survey, which collected cross-sectional data from Colombian youth (13-24 years) (n = 2705). Exposure variables were (i) binary sexual, emotional, and physical victimization and (ii) poly-victimization. The outcomes were binary suicidal thoughts, self-harm, past-month psychological distress, binge drinking, smoking, and drug use. Sex-stratified, logistic regressions were adjusted for age, primary school, parental presence, relationship status, and witnessing community violence. RESULTS For females, (i) emotional violence (compared to being unexposed) was associated with greater odds of suicidal thoughts, self-harm, and psychological distress and (ii) sexual violence was associated with suicidal thoughts and self-harm. For males, (i) emotional violence (compared to being unexposed) was associated with greater odds of suicidal thoughts and psychological distress, but not self-harm and (ii) sexual violence exposure was associated with suicidal thoughts and self-harm. Physical violence was generally not associated with internalized mental health outcomes for females/males, when emotional and sexual violence were held constant. Poly-victimization was consistently and positively associated with internalized mental health symptoms among females, and to a lesser degree for males. Substance use outcomes for males or females were not associated with violence. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the internalized mental health burden of emotional and sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luissa Vahedi
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilana Seff
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Andrés Villaveces
- Division of Violence Prevention, NCIPC, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay Stark
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Aitken M, Plamondon A, Krzeczkowski J, Kil H, Andrade BF. Systematic Integration of Multi-Informant Externalizing Ratings in Clinical Settings. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:635-644. [PMID: 37787879 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Best practice clinical assessment of externalizing problems often necessitates collection of information from parents, youth themselves, and teachers. The present study tested the predictive validity of a psychometrically-driven scoring procedure to integrate multi-informant, dimensional ratings of externalizing problems. Participants were 2264 clinic-referred youth ages 6-18. Parents, teachers, and youth completed questionnaire ratings of externalizing problems (hyperactivity-inattention, conduct problems, and oppositionality-defiance) prior to an initial clinical appointment. The predictive validity of simple (highest informant rating; and all informant ratings separately) and more complex (latent S-1 bifactor model with specific informant factors; and moderated nonlinear factor analysis accounting for child age and sex) methods of informant integration was tested in predicting impairment, comorbidity, and number of clinical encounters. A simple model, in which all informant ratings were included, showed the best predictive validity across outcomes, performing as well or better than the use of the highest informant ratings or more complex latent variable models. The addition of child age and sex as moderators in the factor model did not improve predictive validity. Each informant (parent, teacher, and youth) contributes important information to the prediction of clinically-relevant outcomes. There is insufficient evidence at present to suggest that complex latent variable models should be favored over simpler models that preserve each informant's ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Aitken
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
| | - André Plamondon
- Département des Fondements et Pratiques en Éducation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - John Krzeczkowski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Saint Catherine's, Canada
| | - Hali Kil
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Polillo A, Cleverley K, Wiljer D, Mishna F, Voineskos AN. Digital Disconnection: A Qualitative Study of Youth and Young Adult Perspectives on Cyberbullying and the Adoption of Auto-Detection or Software Tools. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:837-846. [PMID: 38206225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.11.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the needs of youth and young adults, current gaps around safeguarding social media, and factors affecting adoption of data-driven auto-detection or software tools. METHODS This qualitative study is the first step of a larger initiative that aims to use participatory action research and co-design principles to develop a digital tool that targets cyberbullying. Youth and young adults aged 16-21 years were recruited to participate in semistructured focus groups between March 2020 and November 2021. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes, with a member-checking process to validate the findings. RESULTS Six focus groups were completed with 39 participants and five themes were generated from the analysis. Participants described the mental health impacts of cyberbullying on young people, the stigma associated with it, and the need for more mental health resources. They felt that additional efforts are needed to improve the school environment, school-based interventions, and training protocols to ensure that youth feel safe reporting cyberbullying. Most participants were open to using a digital solution but raised concerns around the trustworthiness of artificial intelligence and wanted it to be co-designed with young people, integrated across platforms, informed by data-driven decisions, and transparent with users. DISCUSSION Youth and young adults are accepting of a low-risk digital cyberbullying solution as current interventions are not meeting their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Polillo
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin Cleverley
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Wiljer
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; UHN Digital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faye Mishna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Colombo A, Carbajal M, Milani R. Social Representations and Experiences of Sexual Transactions Among Swiss Youth. Arch Sex Behav 2024; 53:1431-1447. [PMID: 38413533 PMCID: PMC10954841 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This article relies on quantitative data collected in Switzerland as part of a research study on sexual transactions among youth. Building on an analytical framework that defines sexual transactions in terms of negotiated exchanges rooted in social representations, we explored how they were perceived by the Swiss young people included in our sample at a cognitive, ethical, and political level. We found that research participants who reported having experienced sexual transactions viewed them much more positively than those who reported never having engaged in such exchanges. While this was especially true among young women, we also found that the tendency of respondents to perceive sexual transactions negatively increased with age. When analyzed in light of the qualitative results of our study, these quantitative findings suggest that negative representations of sexual transactions are less likely to be based on lived experience than on an ideal-type of sexual behavior. In other words, our research highlights how young people interpret sexuality according to norms developed within a heteronormative matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Colombo
- School of Social Work, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Myrian Carbajal
- School of Social Work, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Milani
- School of Social Work, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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Barnes C, McCrabb S, Bialek C, Turon H, Dray J, Duffy M, Lane C, Lum M, Brown A, Doyle J, Wolfenden L. Factors associated with child and adolescent electronic nicotine and non-nicotine delivery systems use: A scoping review. Prev Med 2024; 181:107895. [PMID: 38354861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify, characterise and broadly synthesise factors associated with child and adolescent electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS) ever-use and/or current use. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched from inception to 3rd June 2022. Non-experimental studies that provided quantitative factors associated with adolescent and/or child ENDS or ENNDS ever-use and/or current use were included. Factors associated with ever-use (any lifetime use) and/or current use (use in past 30 days) were included. All screening and data extraction was conducted independently by paired review authors. Frequencies for country, study design, sample size, measure of ENDS/ENNDS use and factors examined were calculated. Factors were categorised according to the Theory of Triadic Influence domains and sub-domains. RESULTS The search of electronic databases identified 4756 records, 240 of which were included. The majority of studies examined factors categorised within the Biology and Personality domain of the Theory of Triadic Influence (89.2%; 95%CI 84.6, 82.5), followed by the Social Context (50.8%; 95%CI 44.5, 57.2) and Broader Environment domains (30.4%; 95%CI 24.6, 36.3). The proportion of factors significantly associated with ENDS/ENNDS use was >75% for the Behavioural (78.0%; factors included use of tobacco, other drugs and alcohol), Peer Attitudes and Behaviours (80.0%; factors included peer use of ENDS/ENNDS and tobacco), and Legislation/Policy sub-domains (78.6%; factors included accessibility and advertising). CONCLUSIONS The evidence base on factors associated with ENDS/ENNDS use in children and adolescents is rapidly developing, predominately by research concentrated in high income regions and focused on behavioural- and personality-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Barnes
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New-England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District Wallsend, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sam McCrabb
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New-England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Caitlin Bialek
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New-England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Heidi Turon
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New-England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Dray
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Megan Duffy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New-England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra Lane
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New-England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Lum
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New-England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District Wallsend, NSW, Australia; Global Centre for Preventive Nutrition and Health, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Alison Brown
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New-England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie Doyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New-England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District Wallsend, NSW, Australia
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12
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Bertuccio P, Amerio A, Grande E, La Vecchia C, Costanza A, Aguglia A, Berardelli I, Serafini G, Amore M, Pompili M, Odone A. Global trends in youth suicide from 1990 to 2020: an analysis of data from the WHO mortality database. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 70:102506. [PMID: 38440131 PMCID: PMC10911948 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a serious but preventable public health concern at the global level, showing relevant geographical differences. This study aims to monitor global temporal and geographical patterns in suicide mortality in pre-adolescents, adolescents, and young adults (i.e., aged 10-24 years), from 1990 to 2020 or the most recent available year. Methods Using the World Health Organisation mortality database, we conducted an analysis on a subset of 52 countries with valid and high-quality data. We computed age-standardised suicide rates (ASR) by sex, country, and calendar year, and performed a joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in the temporal suicide trends over the studied period. Findings High variability in suicide rates and trends was observed, with a male-to-female ratio of two to five. Between 1990 and 2020, most European countries reported declining suicide trends, with some exceptions. In particular, alarming trends emerged in the United Kingdom, with annual rises of 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6-3.5) since 2005 among males and 8.5% (95% CI: 4.7-12.6) since 2012 among females. The most favorable trends and lowest suicide rates were in Southern Europe, with 3.1/100,000 persons in Italy (2020) and 3.5/100,000 persons in Spain (2021) among males, and 0.9/100,000 persons in Italy (2020) and 1.1/100,000 persons in Romania (2019) among females. Conversely, the highest rates were in Central-Eastern Europe, with 10.2/100,000 males in the Russian Federation (2019) and 10.0/100,000 males in Poland (2002). Higher suicide rates and significant increases were reported in not European areas. The highest ASR was 15.5/100,000 males in the United States of America, with an annual increase of 3.8% (95% CI: 3.1-4.5) among males in 2009-2020 and 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6-7.8) among females in 2007-2017, followed by a levelling off. Interpretation Temporal and geographical comparisons of suicide mortality should be interpreted with caution due to potential misclassification or under-reporting of suicide deaths in some countries. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bertuccio
- School of Public Health, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Grande
- Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, National Institute of Statistics, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Costanza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Adult Psychiatry Service (SPA), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Berardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sant’Andrea Hospital Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sant’Andrea Hospital Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- International Consortium for Mood & Psychotic Disorder Research, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - Anna Odone
- School of Public Health, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Doyle RL, Fite PJ. Informant Discrepancies in Suicidality Screening Tools Among School Age Youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:394-404. [PMID: 35980493 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As the rate of death by suicide in youth ages 6 to 12 rises, it is imperative to better understand informant discrepancies when screening for suicidality. Accordingly, this study investigated associations among youth-, caregiver-, and clinician-reports of youth's suicidality and their associations with youth- and caregiver-reports of youth's depressive symptoms. Participants were 161 6- to 12-year-old youth presenting for outpatient psychological services at a Midwest training clinic between 2014 and 2019. More than 1 in 4 youth had at least one informant report some suicidal concerns. Results indicated that all informants' reports of suicidality were correlated with one another, with youth- and clinician-report being most strongly linked and caregiver- and clinician-report having the weakest correlation. Clinician- and youth-reports of suicidality were associated with youth-report, (but not caregiver-report) of depressive symptoms. Caregiver-report of suicidality was not associated with youth- or caregiver-report of depressive symptoms. When youth-report of depressive symptoms was regressed on sex, age, and youth-, caregiver-, and clinician-reports of suicidality, there was a trend that youth-report of suicidality was positively associated with youth-report of depressive symptoms. No informant's report of suicidality was uniquely associated with caregiver-report of depressive symptoms. Findings indicate that youth- and clinician-reports at intake are more strongly linked with one another than with caregiver-reports. Further, youth-reports on suicidality screening tools are more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than caregiver-report, suggesting that caregiver-reports are insufficient to assess concerns of suicidality at intake among school age youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Doyle
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue Dole HDC Rm 2006, 66045, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Paula J Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue Dole HDC Rm 2006, 66045, Lawrence, KS, USA
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14
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Carter LP. Acculturating Systems of Care to Ensure Healthy Futures for Latine Migrant Youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2024; 33:251-261. [PMID: 38395509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Migration across the Americas is an ever-changing process with current trends including increased migration into the United States of Latine youth. Experiences before, during, and after migration can increase the risk of psychiatric illness, including discriminatory and exclusionary experiences when accessing care. Acculturation typically focuses on the process that the immigrant group experiences when coming into contact with a host culture. Members of the host culture and systems of care can take intentional steps to acculturate themselves in an integrative manner in an effort to reduce host-immigrant friction and better coordinate care across systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeallie Pearl Carter
- Mountain Area Health Education Center in Asheville, NC in partnership with the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 125 Hendersonville Road, Asheville, NC 28803, USA.
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15
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Márquez Rodríguez CB. The Eschucha (Listen) Podcast Project: Psychosocial Innovation for Marginalized Mexican Youth and Young Adults. Cult Med Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s11013-024-09847-7. [PMID: 38530537 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-024-09847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was a challenging period for young people in Mexico, particularly those already contending with social and structural inequality. In March 2021, the Colectivo Frontera, a research collective based in Mexico City, Mexico, which works on advancing equity and psychosocial wellbeing among marginalized communities, carried out an 8-week, online project to provide psychosocial support and promote resilience for marginalized young people from different locations in Mexico. The project entailed weekly journaling with the Pandemic Journaling Project (PJP), as well as weekly phone sessions with a mental health specialist who provided emotional support (acompañamiento emocional) through practices of active listening. The project culminated in the Escucha (Listen) Podcast for which each youth participant created an episode about their experiences during the pandemic. Many also submitted a photo to accompany their recording; one produced a song. Participant episodes were compiled into a series of five chapters. Each chapter of the podcast centers on a common theme, including reflections on loved ones lost to COVID-19, social fragmentation, gender-based constraints on expressing emotions, and the experiences and perspectives of children. The project provides a compelling example of a low-cost approach to providing support for the mental health and wellbeing of marginalized young people. It also demonstrates the importance of creating projects that help young people make meaningful connections and that leverage their creativity to foster resilience, improve social cohesion, and elevate their perspectives and voices.
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16
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Knowles KA, Tolin DF. Reductions in Anxiety are Associated with Decreased Expressive Suppression and Increased Cognitive Reappraisal After Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment: A Naturalistic Study in Youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01684-4. [PMID: 38530590 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Broad deficits in emotion regulation skills have been observed in children with anxiety-related disorders. These deficits typically improve during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), but few studies have examined changes in expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal in youth with anxiety disorders and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during CBT, especially in real-world settings. In a naturalistic treatment-seeking sample, 123 youth completed measures of anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation strategy use before and after 15 sessions of CBT. For anxious youth, anxiety and expressive suppression decreased over treatment, while cognitive reappraisal increased. Reductions in expressive suppression and increases in cognitive reappraisal were significantly associated with improvements in anxiety and remained significantly associated with post-treatment anxiety after accounting for baseline anxiety and depression. Changes in expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal over the course of treatment were not found for youth with primary OCD. Thus, CBT improves emotion regulation abilities in anxious youth, and these improvements are associated with anxiety reduction; improvements in emotion regulation do not appear to drive changes in OCD symptoms. Further research is needed to determine whether changes in emotion regulation strategies mediate changes in anxiety among youth receiving CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Knowles
- Anxiety Disorders Center, The Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
| | - David F Tolin
- Anxiety Disorders Center, The Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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17
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Mendenhall A, Grube W, Jung E. Strengths Model for Youth (SM-Y) Case Management: Initial Findings on Youth Outcomes. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01265-8. [PMID: 38530564 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Case management is a widely utilized service in both youth and adult outpatient community mental health settings. Despite its widespread use, previous findings suggest that youth case management often lacks empirically tested models or frameworks. This article presents the results of a pilot study that involved adapting the Strengths Model, an adult case management model, for the child and adolescent outpatient community mental health population. The newly adapted model, known as the Strengths Model for Youth (SM-Y), was implemented in an urban community mental health center across five different youth case management teams. To assess changes over time in youth receiving SM-Y case management, marginal maximum likelihood multilevel modeling with adaptive Gaussian quadrature methods was applied. The study focused on three domains: socialization, education, and hospitalization. Utilizing the logit link function and Bernoulli conditional distribution due to the binary nature of the outcome data, three individual trajectories were drawn for socialization, education, and hospitalization. Positive findings indicated increases in socialization and educational performance among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Mendenhall
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Whitney Grube
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
| | - EuiJin Jung
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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18
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Ball A, Hadland S, Rodean J, Hall M, Mendoza J, Ahrens K. Trends in Substance-Related Visits Among Youth to US Children's Hospitals, 2016-2021: An Analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System Database. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00106-X. [PMID: 38530681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates recent trends in substance-related visits among youth visiting children's hospitals. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of substance-related visits to pediatric hospitals within the Pediatric Health Information System database of youth aged 12-21 years from 2016 through 2021. Substance-related visits were defined as acute visits for International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision Clinical Modification codes related to substance 'use', dependence, or overdoses for alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, hallucinogens, or other substances. Cumulative growth rate and stratified substance-related trends were calculated using generalized estimating equations. Predicted number of visits during the COVID-19 pandemic was generated using an auto-regressive time series analysis. RESULTS There were 106,793 substance-related visits involving 84,632 youth. From 2016 to 2021, substance-related visits increased by 47.9% and increased across all ages, demographics, regions, and payors. Visits of Hispanic youth experienced the greatest percentage growth (63.3%, p < .05) when compared to Non-Hispanic (NH) White (46.2%) or NH Black (49.8%) youth. All substances except sedatives experienced an increase in growth in visits. Cannabis accounted for the largest percentage of visits (52.2%) and experienced the greatest percentage growth during the study period (82.4%, p < .001). During the pandemic, publicly insured, female, NH Black, and Hispanic youth experienced a greater-than-predicted number of substance-related visits. DISCUSSION Substance-related visits to children's hospitals are increasing for all demographics and nearly all substances. There were substantial increases in visits for most minoritized youth with a disproportionate rise among Hispanic youth. Visits over the pandemic were concentrated among publicly insured, female, NH Black, and Hispanic youth. Equitable large-scale investment is needed to address the rising morbidity of substance use among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ball
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Scott Hadland
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Matt Hall
- Children's Hospital Association, Lenexa, Kansas
| | - Jason Mendoza
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kym Ahrens
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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19
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Heemskerk DM, Busch V, Piotrowski JT, Waterlander WE, Renders CM, van Stralen MM. A system dynamics approach to understand Dutch adolescents' sleep health using a causal loop diagram. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38519989 PMCID: PMC10958857 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy sleep is crucial for the physical and mental wellbeing of adolescents. However, many adolescents suffer from poor sleep health. Little is known about how to effectively improve adolescent sleep health as it is shaped by a complex adaptive system of many interacting factors. This study aims to provide insights into the system dynamics underlying adolescent sleep health and to identify impactful leverage points for sleep health promotion interventions. METHODS Three rounds of single-actor workshops, applying Group Model Building techniques, were held with adolescents (n = 23, 12-15 years), parents (n = 14) and relevant professionals (n = 26). The workshops resulted in a multi-actor Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) visualizing the system dynamics underlying adolescent sleep health. This CLD was supplemented with evidence from the literature. Subsystems, feedback loops and underlying causal mechanisms were identified to understand overarching system dynamics. Potential leverage points for action were identified applying the Action Scales Model (ASM). RESULTS The resulting CLD comprised six subsystems around the following themes: (1) School environment; (2) Mental wellbeing; (3) Digital environment; (4) Family & Home environment; (5) Health behaviors & Leisure activities; (6) Personal system. Within and between these subsystems, 16 reinforcing and 7 balancing feedback loops were identified. Approximately 60 potential leverage points on different levels of the system were identified as well. CONCLUSIONS The multi-actor CLD and identified system dynamics illustrate the complexity of adolescent sleep health and supports the need for developing a coherent package of activities targeting different leverage points at all system levels to induce system change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique M Heemskerk
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Healthy Living, Public Health Service (GGD), Sarphati Amsterdam, City of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Busch
- Department of Healthy Living, Public Health Service (GGD), Sarphati Amsterdam, City of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica T Piotrowski
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research ASCoR, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Waterlander
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carry M Renders
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje M van Stralen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Wood SM, Bauermeister J, Fiks AG, Phillips AW, Richardson HM, Garcia SM, Maleki P, Beidas RS, Young JF, Gross R, Dowshen N. Adolescent Preferences for a Pediatric Primary Care-based Sexually Transmitted Infection and HIV Prevention Intervention. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00069-7. [PMID: 38520429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to elicit perspectives on HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention among adolescents with recent STIs in primary care to optimize acceptability and effectiveness in designing a novel HIV/STI prevention intervention. METHODS We enrolled 13-19 year-olds with recent gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomonas, and/or syphilis in a multimethods cross-sectional study at two primary care clinics. Participants completed surveys and interviews. We used an integrated analytic approach deductively coding data using the Integrated Behavioral Model, then inductively coding to identify themes not represented in the Integrated Behavioral Model. RESULTS Participants (n = 35) were 85% cisgender female, 14% cisgender male, 1% transgender female; 25% identified as lesbian, bisexual, or queer. Most (97%) identified as non-Latinx Black. None used condoms consistently, 26% were aware of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and 31% were never HIV tested. Five key themes emerged. 1) Mental health was central to HIV prevention behavior uptake and coping with STI diagnosis. 2) Youth desired prevention counseling that allowed decisional autonomy and individualized goal setting. 3) Negative social norms around condoms and absent norms around HIV testing and PrEP limited method uptake. 4) Both confidence and concrete skills were needed to initiate prevention methods. 5) Youth desired education at the time of STI diagnosis to improve subsequent prevention decision making. DISCUSSION Key intervention design considerations included 1) integrating mental health assessment and referral to services, 2) promoting individualized goal setting, 4) building communication skills, 4) providing navigation and material support for PrEP uptake and HIV testing, and 5) augmenting comprehensive STI and HIV prevention education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Wood
- Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - José Bauermeister
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander G Fiks
- Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexis W Phillips
- Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Haley M Richardson
- Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie M Garcia
- Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pegah Maleki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rinad S Beidas
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jami F Young
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Gross
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadia Dowshen
- Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Thompson AJ, Henrich CC, Steelesmith DL, Hughes J, Ruch D, Bridge JA, Campo JV, Fontanella CA. Identifying Subgroups of Youth Suicide Decedents Based on Clinical Profiles of Psychiatric and Medical Diagnoses: A Latent Class Analysis. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00096-X. [PMID: 38520430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify risk subgroups of youth suicide decedents using demographic and clinical psychiatric and medical diagnostic profiles to inform tailored youth suicide prevention efforts. METHODS This study linked Ohio Medicaid and death certificate data for Medicaid enrolled youth aged 8-25 years who died by suicide between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020 (N = 511). Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct clinical risk subgroups. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified. Internalizing problems were common across all classes, but especially prevalent in class 1, the High Internalizing + Multiple Comorbidities group (n = 152, 30%). A prior history of suicidal behavior was confined to class 1 decedents, who were otherwise characterized by substance misuse, and multiple psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Class 2 decedents, the Internalizing + Externalizing group (n = 176, 34%), were more often younger, male, Black, and unlikely to have a history of substance misuse. Decedents in class 3, the Internalizing + Substance Misuse group (n = 183, 36%), were more often older and likely to have a history of substance misuse, but unlikely to exhibit other externalizing problems. DISCUSSION Internalizing psychopathology is particularly common among youth who die by suicide, with comorbid externalizing psychopathology, substance misuse, and medical problems contributing to youth suicide risk. Because less than a third of youth who die by suicide have a prior history of recognized suicidal thinking or behavior, universal screening for youth suicide risk should be considered, particularly in younger children, and efforts to integrate suicide prevention in traditional health care settings should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Thompson
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
| | | | - Danielle L Steelesmith
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Hughes
- Big Lots Behavioral Health Services and Division of Child and Family Psychiatry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Donna Ruch
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey A Bridge
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John V Campo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cynthia A Fontanella
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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22
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Orsolini L, Longo G, Bellagamba S, Kato TA, Volpe U. Predominant affective temperaments in depressive patients with severe social withdrawal. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2024; 23:12. [PMID: 38504352 PMCID: PMC10949599 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-024-00496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hikikomori (HK) is characterized by self-isolation and social refusal, being more likely also associated with affective disorders, including depression. This case-control study primarily aimed at identifying (if any) predominant affective temperaments are associated with HK in depressed versus not-depressed individuals. Secondary objectives comprise assessing which other psychopathological dimensions (e.g., boredom, anxiety) are associated with the HK specifier in depressed individuals. METHODS From the larger SWATCH study, 687 Italian young people were screened for depression, as measured by 9 items-Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and HK-like social withdrawal, through the Hikikomori Questionnaire-25 (HQ-25). All subjects were administered a brief-Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-M), the 7 items-Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS). RESULTS Males reported significantly higher scores at HQ-25 total score than females (p = 0.026). In the total sample, HK social withdrawal is positively predicted by MSBS low arousal, disengagement, depressive levels, depressive and irritable affective temperaments, while negatively by anxiety (F(6, 680) = 82.336, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.421). By selecting only depressed sample, HQ-25 is positively predicted by MSBS total score, low arousal and depressive affective temperament, while negatively by MSBS high arousal (F(4, 383) = 48.544, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.336). The logistic regression model found that the likelihood of developing depression with the HK specifier is significantly predicted by depressive and cyclothymic affective temperaments. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings could help in clinically characterizing the relationship between specific affective temperamental profiles among individuals with depression with/without HK specifier, in order to provide a more tailored and personalized therapeutic approach. Our Italian study should be extensively replicated in larger, longitudinal and multicentric pan-European studies, by specifically assessing the impact of these findings on depression clinical course, prognosis and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giulio Longo
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellagamba
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
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23
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Sampedro-Piquero P, Buades-Sitjar F, Capilla A, Zancada-Menéndez C, González-Baeza A, Moreno-Fernández RD. Risky alcohol use during youth: Impact on emotion, cognitive networks, and resting-state EEG activity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110994. [PMID: 38514039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The identification of the risk factors of alcohol consumption in youths is crucial for early interventions focused on reducing harmful alcohol use. In our study, 82 college students (40 healthy control (CO group) and 42 with risky alcohol use (RAU group) determined by AUDIT questionnaire) between the ages of 18 and 25 years underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment covering emotional and cognitive functioning. Their resting-state activity was also recorded with an EEG for 10 min with their eyes open (EO) and 10 min with their eyes closed (EC) and analyzed using the Fitting Oscillations & One-Over-F (FOOOF) paradigm. After adjusting for sex, those in the RAU group had higher emotional dysregulation and impulsivity traits. The RAU girls presented more emotional regulation problems, such as dysregulation and negative urgency compared with the RAU boys. The RAU youths had significantly worse functioning in several cognitive domains, such as sustained attention, verbal memory, and executive functions. Cognitive network analysis revealed a different pattern of connections in each group showing that in the RAU group, the verbal memory domain had the highest connection with other cognitive functions. The EEG analyses did not reveal any significant differences between the CO and the RAU groups. However, we observed only in the EO condition that boys the from the RAU group displayed a higher theta/beta ratio than the RAU girls, whereas these differences were not observed within the CO group. Our findings highlight the need to explore more deeply the emotional, cognitive and brain changes underlying the RAU in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Buades-Sitjar
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - A Capilla
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - C Zancada-Menéndez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - A González-Baeza
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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24
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Jeong HJ, Reimann GE, Durham EL, Archer C, Stier AJ, Moore TM, Pines JR, Berman MG, Kaczkurkin AN. Early life stress and functional network topology in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101367. [PMID: 38518431 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain networks are continuously modified throughout development, yet this plasticity can also make functional networks vulnerable to early life stress. Little is currently known about the effect of early life stress on the functional organization of the brain. The current study investigated the association between environmental stressors and network topology using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD®) Study. Hierarchical modeling identified a general factor of environmental stress, representing the common variance across multiple stressors, as well as four subfactors including familial dynamics, interpersonal support, neighborhood SES deprivation, and urbanicity. Functional network topology metrics were obtained using graph theory at rest and during tasks of reward processing, inhibition, and affective working memory. The general factor of environmental stress was associated with less specialization of networks, represented by lower modularity at rest. Local metrics indicated that general environmental stress was also associated with less efficiency in the subcortical-cerebellar and visual networks while showing greater efficiency in the default mode network at rest. Subfactors of environmental stress were associated with differences in specialization and efficiency in select networks. The current study illustrates that a wide range of stressors in a child's environment are associated with differences in brain network topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | | | - E Leighton Durham
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Camille Archer
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Andrew J Stier
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia R Pines
- The Columbia Center for Eating Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marc G Berman
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The University of Chicago Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Servais J, Vanhoutte B, Aguirre-Sánchez-Beato S, Aujoulat I, Kraus C, T'Sjoen G, Tricas-Sauras S, Godin I. Integrating perspectives of transgender and gender-diverse youth, family members, and professionals to support their health and wellbeing - a mixed-method study protocol. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:40. [PMID: 38500212 PMCID: PMC10949725 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current literature highlights a strong link between the poor health outcomes of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals and their negative experiences in various areas of life. Most of these publications rely on adults' memories, lacking a focus on the current experiences and needs of young transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Furthermore, previous studies on support for these young people often solely consider the perspectives of TGD adults or professionals and rarely involve parents' viewpoints. METHODS This study will use a mixed sequential method with a participatory approach. Firstly, the qualitative phase will explore the difficulties and needs of TGD (15-20 years old) and of the families and professionals who support them. Results from this part will be used to develop the questionnaire for the quantitative phase, with the help of a community board. Secondly, based on participatory epidemiological research, the quantitative phase will use an intersectional perspective to measure the impact of individual and structural factors on the quality of life and well-being of transgender and gender-diverse young people. Finally, a co-creation phase will be undertaken to formulate recommendations based on the results of the first two phases. DISCUSSION This research aims at better understanding the influence of gender identity on the quality of life and health of TGD young people and their families and to identify protective and risk factors that affect their vulnerabilities. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Erasme Faculty Hospital (CCB B4062023000140). As this research is participatory and part of a PhD dissertation, we aim to disseminate the results through our partners' networks and structures locally, and internationally through conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Servais
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 596, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium.
| | - Bram Vanhoutte
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 596, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Sara Aguirre-Sánchez-Beato
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 122, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Aujoulat
- Health and Society Research Institute - UCLouvain, Clos Chapelle-Aux-Champs 30/B1.30.15, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, 1200, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Kraus
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - UNIL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guy T'Sjoen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Tricas-Sauras
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 596, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Godin
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 596, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
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Silke C, Heary C, Bunting B, Devaney C, Groarke A, Major E, Durcan M, O'Brien C, Brady B. Examining the relationship between adversity and suicidality and self-harm in Irish adolescents from 2020 to 2022. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:234-243. [PMID: 38163570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that there is a strong association between childhood adversity and youth suicide and self-harm. However, there is currently a lack of understanding about the patterns of adversity most frequently experienced by youth across social settings, and whether these typologies differently predict youth engagement in suicide and self-harm. This study examines the dominant patterns of adversity experienced by adolescents across home, peer, and school contexts, and explores the relationship between youth's adversity profiles and their suicide and self-harm outcomes, across a two year period (2020-2022). METHODS Secondary analyses were performed on data collected from 10,281 (50 % male) adolescents who participated in the Irish Planet Youth questionnaire in 2020 (n = 5004) or 2022 (n = 5277). RESULTS Findings from clustered latent class analyses indicated that there are four dominant profiles of adversity experienced by adolescents. Class 1 (Multiple Adversity) was characterised by a high probability of experiencing adversity across multiple social settings. Class 2 (Parent Adversity) had a strong likelihood of experiencing adversity with parents. Class 3 (Peer Adversity) were likely to experience adversity within the peer/friend domain. Class 4 was characterised by a low probability of experiencing adversity. Findings from logistic regression models with BCH training weights indicated that there were significant differences in self-harm and suicidality across the adversity classes. In comparison to the low adversity group, adolescents in the multiple adversity group were more likely to self-harm and attempt suicide. LIMITATIONS These findings are based on cross-sectional data and rely on the use of single-item measurements, which may limit the generalisability of findings. DISCUSSION Results indicate that youth who experience adversity across home, peer and school contexts are at the greatest risk of engaging in suicide and self-harm. These findings have important implications for policy and practice, and suggest that youth experiencing adversity across multiple settings should be priority targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Silke
- UNESCO Child & Family Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland.
| | | | | | - Carmel Devaney
- UNESCO Child & Family Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Emmet Major
- Western Region Drugs & Alcohol Task Force, Galway, Ireland
| | - Micheal Durcan
- Western Region Drugs & Alcohol Task Force, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Bernadine Brady
- UNESCO Child & Family Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland
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27
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Foster T, Eaton M, Probst Y. The relationship between internalised weight bias and biopsychosocial outcomes in children and youth: a systematic review. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:38. [PMID: 38491402 PMCID: PMC10941429 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise the evidence on the relationships between internalised weight bias (IWB) and biopsychosocial health outcomes in individuals ≤ 25 years. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching five scientific databases up to May 2022 to retrieve studies that investigated associations between IWB and biopsychosocial outcomes. Articles with participants ≤ 25 years, at least one validated measure of IWB, one measure of a biopsychosocial outcome, and were observational were included. Excluded articles involved systematic literature reviews, case study reports, intervention studies, meta-analyses, grey literature, pilot, and feasibility studies. Quality assessment was carried out using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO, ID number CRD42022323876. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-six articles were identified. Nineteen were eligible for inclusion, (15 cross-sectional and 4 prospective). The Weight Bias Internalization Scale and the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire were the most used tools to assess IWB with large heterogeneity in tool types used to assess biopsychosocial measures. IWB had positive associations with psychopathology, eating disorder symptomology, higher BMI, being female, and experiences of weight stigma. It was negatively associated with quality of life, body image, physical activity, social ability, self-esteem, and socioeconomic status. DISCUSSION IWB associated with adverse biopsychosocial outcomes in children and youth populations. IWB may be more clinically relevant in assessing at-risk children and youth than physical weight due to its psychosocial aspects and ability to expand beyond the scope of BMI. Research would benefit from better assessment tools designed for children and youth that accurately measure IWB. Future research should focus on increased diversity and longitudinal study designs with children and youth-specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiarna Foster
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Eaton
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasmine Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Opie JE, Vuong A, Welsh ET, Gray R, Pearce N, Marchionda S, Mutch R, Khalil H. Outcomes of Best-Practice Guided Digital Mental Health Interventions for Youth and Young Adults with Emerging Symptoms: Part I. A Systematic Review of Socioemotional Outcomes and Recommendations. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s10567-024-00469-4. [PMID: 38489101 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Youth-specific digital mental health interventions (DMHI) represent an emerging field of study, and aim to increase access, improve socioemotional outcomes, and, where required, support triage to targeted interventions. However, prior reviews have reported inconsistent findings on the clinical effectiveness of such interventions in young adults (12-25 years). Further, shortfalls remain for the impact of guided interventions based on the mode of delivery and the type of human support personnel (e.g., professional or peer) guiding the intervention. In response, this systematic review, co-designed with Australia's leading mental health organization, aims to assess the effectiveness of guided digital programs in improving youth socioemotional outcomes. Included studies involve young people experiencing mental ill-health, receiving brief (i.e., 1-12 sessions), digitally delivered (at least partially) psychological interventions that were guided or partially guided, tested in a type of experimental study, with a socioemotional outcome. Specific socioemotional outcomes examined were depression, anxiety, stress, wellbeing, mindfulness, and quality of life. A systematic search of the contemporary published and grey literature identified 22,482 records with 32 relevant records published between 2018 and 2023. A narrative synthesis guided integration of findings. Results demonstrated strong evidence for the effectiveness of guided interventions on socioemotional outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) yet these effects were short-lived. When factoring in the use of different control groups (i.e., active vs. inactive), inconsistent effects were observed for the socioemotional outcomes of depression, anxiety, and stress. The mode of delivery (i.e., asynchronous, synchronous, combined) and the type of human support personnel did not appear to impact socioemotional outcomes. Results indicate efficacious brief digital interventions for depression and anxiety include refresher/follow-up content, goal setting content, and relapse prevention content. In contrast, poor efficacy is associated with interventions that include homework tasks, self-monitoring, and log-keeping content.PROSPERO, ID CRD42023405812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Opie
- School of Psychology & Public Health, The Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University, 8 Gardiner Street, Brunswick, Melbourne, VA, 3056, Australia.
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VA, 3000, Australia.
| | - An Vuong
- School of Psychology & Public Health, The Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University, 8 Gardiner Street, Brunswick, Melbourne, VA, 3056, Australia
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VA, 3000, Australia
| | - Ellen T Welsh
- School of Psychology & Public Health, The Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University, 8 Gardiner Street, Brunswick, Melbourne, VA, 3056, Australia
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VA, 3000, Australia
| | - Richard Gray
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VA, 3000, Australia
| | - Natalie Pearce
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VA, 3000, Australia
- Latrobe University, Bendigo, VIC, 3551, Australia
| | - Sonia Marchionda
- School of Psychology & Public Health, The Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University, 8 Gardiner Street, Brunswick, Melbourne, VA, 3056, Australia
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VA, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Hanan Khalil
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VA, 3000, Australia
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Rosa GB, Staiano V, Ponikvar K, Magalhães JP, Correia IR, Hetherington-Rauth M, Sardinha LB. Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness correlates in youth: A hierarchy of behavioral, contextual, and health-related outcomes. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00080-X. [PMID: 38531732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the health importance of identifying correlates of physical fitness in youth, no investigation to date has explored the influence of behavioral, health-related, and contextual correlates simultaneously. We investigated the hierarchical relationship of multiple modifiable correlates favoring or diminishing cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in youth. DESIGN Cross-sectional investigation. METHODS In a sample of 5174 children and adolescents, 31 correlates were hierarchized according to their impact on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness assessed using the FITESCOLA® fitness battery. A Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection approach was employed and measures of correlation and association were used to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and correlates. RESULTS In children, body mass index was the most relevant factor to discriminate between high and low cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness of the upper, middle, and lower body. While body mass index was more important than any other correlate to differentiate levels of upper and lower body muscular fitness during adolescence, specific characteristics of sports participation emerged as key factors to discriminate between high and low cardiorespiratory fitness and middle body muscular fitness. Other correlates, including the self-report of active recess time, active commuting to school, favorable neighborhood conditions, and limited time on screens and cellphones, were demonstrative of favorable physical fitness levels. CONCLUSIONS Both body composition and sports-related characteristics emerged as the two most relevant factors of physical fitness in youth. Additional health benefits may be obtained from building supportive environments for sports and healthy exercise habits within the household and at different school education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil B Rosa
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Viviana Staiano
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Italy
| | | | - João P Magalhães
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês R Correia
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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30
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Wolff C, Waselewski M, Amaro X, Amanze C, Frank A, Chang T. Youth Perspectives and Experiences With Menstruation and Period Poverty. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00108-3. [PMID: 38493390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Period poverty is the lack of accessible menstrual education or menstrual tools. Millions of women and girls around the world experience period poverty, which can contribute to disparities in school and work performance, as well as overall quality of life. However, not much is known about youth experiences and perceptions of period poverty. This study aims to understand the personal experiences and opinions of American youth regarding knowledge about menstruation and period poverty, as well as to gauge youth attitudes of existing and future period poverty initiatives. METHODS The MyVoice nationwide text message poll was used to ask five open-ended questions to over 1,000 youth across the United States aged 14-24 years. Responses were analyzed using content analysis by two independent researchers, and differences in coding were reviewed and resolved by discussion. RESULTS Overall, 963 youth (80%) responded, and the sample was 54.7% self-reported male with an average age of 20.1 years (standard deviation = 2.3). Three main themes emerged: 1. Most youth, regardless of self-reported gender, have had conversations about periods but comfort discussing the topic varies, 2. Youths' knowledge of menstruation varies with personal experience, or lack thereof, and 3. Some youth have experience with period poverty, and most are overwhelmingly supportive of policies to improve access to period products. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that normalization of discussions of menstruation, increasing awareness of the prevalence and impacts of period poverty, and greater implementation of programs to mitigate period poverty are supported by youth, and may reduce period poverty in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marika Waselewski
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Abby Frank
- Community High School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tammy Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Ghotbi N, Scherff AD, Greimel E, Schulte-Körne G. [Overview of chronobiological and sleep medical aspects of depression in adolescents]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024:10.1007/s00103-024-03853-1. [PMID: 38472403 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Changes in sleep are reported in adolescents with depression with a frequency of up to 71%. Aspects of chronobiology and sleep based on the current scientific literature are illustrated and summarized in this narrative review. The circadian clock synchronizes organisms to the light-dark structure of the environment. The individual synchronization is called "chronotype." Chronotype changes according to age, among other factors, and adolescents experience the latest chronotypes overall. The potential discrepancy between internal and external time is called "social jetlag." Social jetlag is especially pronounced during adolescence. It is associated with numerous health risks, such as depression. Changes in sleep behavior in affective disorders and its comorbidity to depression have also been well described in the literature. In this article, underlying concepts from chronobiology and sleep medicine are initially summarized. Then, health risks of disrupted sleep-wake behavior are described, and connections to depression specifically during adolescence are drawn. The article concludes with clinical recommendations for sleep disorders and depression during adolescence as well as suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ghotbi
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Nussbaumstr. 5a, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - Aline Doreen Scherff
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Nussbaumstr. 5a, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Nussbaumstr. 5a, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Nussbaumstr. 5a, 80336, München, Deutschland.
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Raymond C, Cernik R, Beaudin M, Arcand M, Pichette F, Marin MF. Maternal attachment security modulates the relationship between vulnerability to anxiety and attentional bias to threat in healthy children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6025. [PMID: 38472274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether attentional bias to threat, commonly observed in clinically anxious children, also manifests in healthy children, potentially aiding the early detection of at-risk individuals. Additionally, it sought to explore the moderating role of parent-child attachment security on the association between vulnerability factors (anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, perseverative cognitions) as indicators of vulnerability to anxiety, and attentional bias towards threat in healthy children. A total of 95 children aged 8 to 12 years completed the Visual Search Task to assess attentional bias. Vulnerability to anxiety was measured using a composite score derived from the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children, and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. Parent-child attachment security was assessed using the Security Scale-Child Self-Report. Analyses revealed that higher vulnerability to anxiety was associated with faster detection of anger-related stimuli compared to neutral ones, and this association was further influenced by high maternal security. These findings in healthy children suggest an interaction between specific factors related to anxiety vulnerability and the security of the mother-child relationship, leading to cognitive patterns resembling those seen in clinically anxious individuals. These results hold promise for early identification of children at risk of developing anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Myriam Beaudin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Maryse Arcand
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Florence Pichette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
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Closson K, Lee GY, Osborne Z, Hangle C, Nemutambwe T, Raj A, Leonce I, Kaida A. "Nobody has written the book about what non-binary people should put forward in relationships": Exploring gender equity in relationships of queer, trans, and non-monogamous young women and non-binary youth in British Columbia, Canada. Soc Sci Med 2024; 347:116759. [PMID: 38513562 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the unique ways in which queer, trans, and non-monogamous young women and non-binary youth navigate and negotiate equitable intimate relationships is a first step toward strong research, programs/resources, and policies to support healthy relationship dynamics across the life course. Using a youth-engaged collaborative Reflexive Thematic Analysis, we aimed to explore how youth of diverse genders and relationship experiences understand gender equity in their relationships. Thirty cis- and transgender inclusive young women (46.7%) and non-binary youth (53.3%) aged 17-29 who were in a current (76.6%) or recent (in past 12 months, 23.4%) non-heterosexual and/or non-monogamous intimate relationship and residing in British Columbia, Canada, completed qualitative interviews between August and November 2022. Of the 30 youth, 53.3% reported having experience living as a trans person, 33.3% identified only as bisexual and 10% identified as only lesbian or gay, whereas the remaining 56.7% identified with ≥1 of: queer, pansexual, and demisexual. Participants identified that relationship equity requires: 1) Moving away from cis-heteronormative conceptualizations of gender roles and norms; 2) Actively working to dismantle hierarchal power structures by sharing power, responsibility, labour, and decision-making; and 3) Accommodating and affirming each person's unique needs and identities in a relationship. For theme one, youth further described the ways in which they re-imagined relationship norms and discussed the various challenges to resisting ingrained hierarchical cis-heteronormativity. This research contributes a greater understanding of how to create equitable and healthy relationships and has important implications for healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers working with queer, transgender, and non-monogamous youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalysha Closson
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada.
| | - Gem Y Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada
| | - Zoë Osborne
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada
| | - Colby Hangle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Northern British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | | | - Anita Raj
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA; Newcomb Institute, Tulane University, LA, USA; Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, LA, USA
| | | | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada
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Dykstra BJ, Griffith GJ, Renfrow MS, Mahon AD, Harber MP. Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11886-024-02036-3. [PMID: 38460068 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Examine the current state of literature related to the impact of obesity in children and adolescents on health-related physical fitness and the resultant cardiometabolic disease risk. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents has declined over the past few decades which corresponds with an increase in obesity rates. Children with obesity are more likely to have low cardiorespiratory fitness which is associated with higher cardiometabolic disease risk and poorer mental health. The impact of obesity on muscular fitness in children and adolescents is more difficult to ascertain, but in general measures of physical function are lower in children with obesity which has also been associated with higher cardiometabolic disease risk. Components of health-related physical fitness are trending negatively in children and adolescents and appear to be related to the increase in prevalence of obesity. The resultant cardiometabolic disease risk has also risen which suggests a greater disease burden in the future. These disparaging findings highlight the need for aggressive interventions to improve physical fitness in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garett J Griffith
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Anthony D Mahon
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Matthew P Harber
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA.
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Bilodeau-Houle A, Raymond C, Marin MF. It's all in the hair: Association between changes in hair cortisol concentrations in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and post-traumatic stress symptoms in children over time. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107019. [PMID: 38518705 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
After exposure to a stressful/traumatic event, some individuals will develop post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). In adults, low cortisol levels appear to be a risk factor for the development of PTSS. Indeed, both lower pre-trauma cortisol levels and low cortisol levels in the aftermath of a traumatic event have been associated with greater PTSS. In contrast, studies conducted in children showed that elevated cortisol levels shortly after trauma exposure are associated with more severe post-traumatic stress symptomatology. The few studies that have examined how pre-trauma cortisol levels predict PTSS in children have found no effect. Given that a pandemic can induce PTSS in certain individuals, we investigated whether cortisol secretion prior to and in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec (Canada) predicted PTSS in children. In June 2020, we collected a hair sample from 71 children (8-15 y/o, M = 11.65; 54.93% girls) without a history of psychopathology or exposure to previous traumatic events. Hair samples allowed us to derive cumulative measures of cortisol levels for the months prior to (from mid-December 2019 to mid-March 2020) and at the beginning of the pandemic (from mid-March 2020 to mid-June 2020). PTSS were assessed every 3 months between June 2020 (T1) and March 2021 (T4). The results showed that a greater increase in hair cortisol at the beginning of the pandemic predicted less PTSS at T1, with an increase in these symptoms over time. This study highlights the utility of using hair cortisol during future chronic stressful events to better understand its association with the evolution of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada.
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Fan X, Ma Y, Zhang J, Lin X, Sun B, Rosenheck R, He H. Sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation among youth with depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:232-238. [PMID: 38461901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance may exacerbate the risk of suicide among youth with depression, but whether this association is independent of psychopathology requires further study. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 576 youths (13-25 years old) recruited from January 2022 to May 2023. The patients were first divided into two groups by the presence of suicidal ideation according to the Columbia-Suicide Severity Scale (C-SSRS). Sleep quality was assessed by the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and mental health with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Logistic regression was conducted to analyze the association between sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation, adjusted for depressive symptoms severity. RESULTS The suicidal ideation group exhibited more severe sleep disturbances, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms than the non-suicidal ideation group. Pearson correlation showed that sleep disturbance (AIS) was significantly correlated with the severity of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the AIS factor "daytime dysfunction" (β = 0.145; OR = 1.156, 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.309; p = 0.023) was significantly associated with suicidal ideation after adjusting for demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms severity. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional nature of the data, no causal inference can be made regarding the observed associations between sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Sleep disturbance, particularly in the realm of daytime dysfunction, is associated with increased suicidal ideation among depressed youth. Clinicians need to assess and manage sleep disturbance in the context of suicidal ideation for young depression patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Fan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The 3rd People Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yarong Ma
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Lin
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Sun
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert Rosenheck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongbo He
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Jeffers K, Esteve A, Batyra E. Non-family Living Arrangements Among Young Adults in the United States. Eur J Popul 2024; 40:10. [PMID: 38446226 PMCID: PMC10917710 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-024-09696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The share of young adults living in married-couple family households in the USA has declined in recent decades. Research on alternative living arrangements focuses on cohabitation among unmarried couples and parent-adult child coresidence. Less is known about trends in non-family living arrangements and the characteristics of young adults living with non-relatives. This study documents trends over time in non-family living arrangements among young adults in the USA and examines the sociodemographic profile of those living with non-relatives. Using pooled US Census and American Community Survey microdata from 1990 to 2019, the authors document age patterns in non-family living arrangements over time and use logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of living with non-family based on individual-level characteristics. Results indicate that non-family living among young adults has increased over time, and that the arrangement is associated with markers of both advantage and disadvantage. Differences across age groups explain some of these mixed results. Trends among younger groups are linked to socioeconomic patterns around family formation. Among older groups, the demographic and labor force characteristics of the foreign born and constraints of their kin availability may be driving trends. The exploratory analysis provides relevant evidence around an increasingly common living arrangement in the USA and also identifies several areas for future research on living arrangements among young adults and the implications of these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Esteve
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewa Batyra
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics, Barcelona, Spain
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de Moraes AM, Vidal-Espinoza R, Bergamo RR, Gómez-Campos R, de Lazari E, de Campos LFCC, Sulla-Torres J, Cossio-Bolaños M. Prediction of fat-free mass from body surface area in young basketball players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:65. [PMID: 38449019 PMCID: PMC10916216 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat Free Mass (FFM) is an important and essential indicator in various sports populations, since greater muscle and bone mass generates greater strength, endurance and speed in athletes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to validate Body Surface Area (BSA) as an anthropometric indicator to estimate FFM in young basketball players. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 105 male basketball players of the Brazilian Basketball Confederation of Sao Paulo (Campinas), Brazil. The age range was 11 to 15 years. Weight and height were evaluated. BSA, body mass index (BMI) and maturity status (MS) were calculated. Total body scanning was performed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The components were extracted: Fat mass (FM), Fat free mass (FFM), percentage of fat mass (%FM) and bone mass (BM). The data were analyzed using the correlation coefficient of concordance (CCC) in terms of precision and accuracy. RESULTS Three regression equations were generated: equation 1 had age and body weight as predictors [FFM= -30.059+(2.926*age)+(0.625*Weight)] (R2 = 92%, precision = 0.96 and accuracy = 0.99), equation 2 used age and BSA [FFM=-45.719+(1.934*age)+(39.388*BSA)] (R2 = 94%, precision = 0.97 and accuracy = 0.99) and equation 3 was based on APHV and BSA [FFM=-15.284+(1.765*APHV)+(37.610*(BSA)] (R2 = 94%, precision = 0.96 and accuracy = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the use of anthropometric equation using decimal age and BSA to estimate FFM in young basketball players. This new method developed can be used to design, evaluate and control training programs and monitor the weight status of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Marques de Moraes
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Brasil
| | | | - Raiany Rosa Bergamo
- Laboratory of Growth and Development (LabCred), Pediatrics Research Center (CIPED), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Kodal A, Muirhead F, Reilly JJ, Wergeland GJ, Thorsen PJB, Bovim LP, Elgen IB. Feasibility of a physical activity intervention for children and adolescents with anxiety and depression. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38443992 PMCID: PMC10913538 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is identified as a key modifiable factor towards good short- and long-term mental health and has shown positive effects on anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. However, physical activity-based interventions are not a part of standard mental health care and evidence on the effect of such interventions is still lacking. A transdiagnostic, physical activity-based intervention was developed as a supplement to routine clinical care for youth in specialized child and adolescent mental health services. METHODS /design. The feasibility of the physical activity intervention (Confident, Active, and Happy Youth) was evaluated in an open-label study by assessing the recruitment process, acceptability, intervention suitability, contentment, and preliminary intervention effects in the form of youth and parent-rated anxiety and depressive symptoms. Physical activity levels were objectively measured using Actigraph™ physical activity sensors, and progression to a definitive study was evaluated in accordance with a priori criteria. RESULTS In total 21 of 25 eligible youth consented to participate, two dropped out of the intervention and 19 completed (76% of eligible participants). The retention rate among consenting participants was 89% and mean attendance to sessions was 83%. The suitability of the intervention was rated as good by the youth and their parents, and intervention contentment was rated high. Changes in youth and parent-rated symptom measures following the intervention were negligible, except for parent-rated anxiety symptoms assessed at 10-month follow-up. Accelerometer data indicated lower levels of moderate to vigorous activity during sessions than intended. No adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION This feasibility study met the pre-determined progression criteria to a definitive study. Thus, a larger trial with longer follow-up should be conducted to explore the effect of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClnicalTrials.gov, NCT05049759. Retrospectively registered, 20.09.2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Kodal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Norce Research, RKBU Vest-Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Postboks 22, Nygårdstangen, Bergen, 5838, Norway.
| | - Fiona Muirhead
- School of Psychological Science and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - John J Reilly
- School of Psychological Science and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Gro Janne Wergeland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paul Joachim Bloch Thorsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Peder Bovim
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Irene Bircow Elgen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
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Johnstone N, Cohen Kadosh K. Excitatory and inhibitory neurochemical markers of anxiety in young females. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101363. [PMID: 38447470 PMCID: PMC10925933 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Between the ages of 10-25 years the maturing brain is sensitive to a multitude of changes, including neurochemical variations in metabolites. Of the different metabolites, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has long been linked neurobiologically to anxiety symptomology, which begins to manifest in adolescence. To prevent persistent anxiety difficulties into adulthood, we need to understand the maturational trajectories of neurochemicals and how these relate to anxiety levels during this sensitive period. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a sample of younger (aged 10-11) and older (aged 18-25) females to estimate GABA and glutamate levels in brain regions linked to emotion regulation processing, as well as a conceptually distinct control region. Within the Bayesian framework, we found that GABA increased and glutamate decreased with age, negative associations between anxiety and glutamate and GABA ratios in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and a positive relationship of GABA with anxiety levels. The results support the neural over-inhibition hypothesis of anxiety based on GABAergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Johnstone
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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Halsall T, Daley M, Hawke LD, Henderson J, Wilson A, Matheson K. "I Think Peer Support Helps to Demystify People Who Have Mental Health Issues and Helps to Remove That Stigma": Exploring the Defining Characteristics and Related Challenges of Youth Peer Support Through Participatory Research. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01235-0. [PMID: 38430287 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the emerging body of literature on the benefits of youth peer support, there is also evidence that peer support can have unintended negative impacts on peers themselves. It is important to explore what aspects of the peer role contribute to these difficulties in order to mitigate risks. This paper uses a participatory approach to examine the unique attributes of youth peer practice and the related challenges. We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with both peer and non-peer staff from a community-based youth mental health program that provides peer support services (N = 29). Thematic analyses were completed using QSR NVivo. Analyses capture the defining features and related challenges of the peer support role (self-disclosure, boundaries, role confusion and dynamic recovery), and risk factors that affect peers (stigma, exposure to harm and burnout). This paper contributes to the literature on peer support as well as youth participatory evaluation. The findings will be useful to support the development of improved organizational contexts for peer practice and more effective peer support programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Halsall
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Mardi Daley
- LOFT Community Services, 721 Bloor St. W Suite 301, Toronto, ON, M6G 1L5, Canada
| | - Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1000 Queen St W, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1L8, Canada
| | - Jo Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1000 Queen St W, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1L8, Canada
| | - Anne Wilson
- LOFT Community Services, 721 Bloor St. W Suite 301, Toronto, ON, M6G 1L5, Canada
| | - Kimberly Matheson
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Bischops AC, Sieper L, Dukart J, Schaal NK, Reinauer C, Oommen PT, Tomoiaga C, David O, Mayatepek E, Meissner T. Resilience strengthening in youth with a chronic medical condition: a randomized controlled feasibility trial of a combined app and coaching program. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02395-w. [PMID: 38431540 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Youth with a chronic medical condition (CMC) are often affected by comorbid mental disorders. Resilience-strengthening interventions can protect youth's mental health, yet evidence-based programs remain scarce. To address this lack, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a dual approach combining app-based resilience training and cognitive behavioral group coaching. Fifty-one youths with CMC treated at a German university children's hospital aged 12-16 years were recruited. They were randomly assigned to a combined app game and coaching intervention or sole app gameplay. At pre-, post-intervention, and at a 2-month follow-up resilience, automatic negative thoughts and an app and coaching evaluation were assessed. Feasibility was defined as a recruitment rate of 70%, an 85% adherence rate for the REThink game, and 70% participation in both coaching sessions. Feasibility criteria were reached for coaching participation but not for recruitment or app adherence. While both the REThink game app and coaching intervention had high acceptance rates among youth with CMC, participants receiving additional coaching sessions showed higher satisfaction and adherence rates. Participants preferred remote to in-person meetings. The findings support a combination of a gamification app approach with online group coaching. Group coaching can improve adherence while online options increase accessibility. Future research should focus on testing in diverse participant samples, language, and age-adapted updates of the REThink game app. These findings provide guidance for increasing adherence in future intervention studies in youth with CMC cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Christine Bischops
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - L Sieper
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Dukart
- Institute for Neurosciences and Medicine: Brain and Behavior (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N K Schaal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Reinauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P T Oommen
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Tomoiaga
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - O David
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - E Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Amminger GP, Rice S, Davey CG, Quinn AL, Hermens DF, Zmicerevska N, Nichles A, Hickie I, Incerti L, Weller A, Joseph S, Hilton Z, Pugh C, Rayner M, Reid N, Ratheesh A, Yung AR, Yuen HP, Mackinnon A, Hetrick S, Parker A, Street R, Berger M, Berk M, McGorry PD, Lin A. The Addition of Fish Oil to Cognitive Behavioral Case Management for Youth Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:426-433. [PMID: 37355004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials suggest that long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) (fish oil) may reduce depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder. Therefore, n-3 PUFAs may be a potential treatment for depression in youth. METHODS Participants were 15- to-25 year-old individuals with major depressive disorder who sought care in one of three government-funded mental health services for young people in metropolitan Melbourne, Perth, or Sydney, Australia. Participants were randomly assigned in a double-blind, parallel-arm design to receive either fish oil (840 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 560 mg of docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo capsules as adjunct to cognitive behavioral case management. All participants were offered 50-minute cognitive behavioral case management sessions every 2 weeks delivered by qualified therapists (treatment as usual) at the study sites during the intervention period. The primary outcome was change in the interviewer-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Adolescent Version, score at 12 weeks. Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA levels were assessed pre-post intervention. RESULTS A total of 233 young people were randomized to the treatment arms: 115 participants to the n-3 PUFA group and 118 to the placebo group. Mean change from baseline in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score was -5.8 in the n-3 PUFA group and -5.6 in the placebo group (mean difference, 0.2; 95% CI, -1.1 to 1.5; p = .75). Erythrocyte PUFA levels were not associated with depression severity at any time point. The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This placebo-controlled trial and biomarker analysis found no evidence to support the use of fish oil for treatment in young people with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paul Amminger
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amelia L Quinn
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalia Zmicerevska
- Youth Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alissa Nichles
- Youth Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Hickie
- Youth Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Incerti
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amber Weller
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Joseph
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zarah Hilton
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Charlotte Pugh
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Madeline Rayner
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nate Reid
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aswin Ratheesh
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alexandra Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebekah Street
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maximus Berger
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Koay WLA, Aware Y, Andine T, Cruz Figueroa GM, Selekman RE, Bryant Y, Rakhmanina NY. Patient Perspectives on Telehealth for HIV and Mental Health Care at a Pediatric and Adolescent HIV Clinic in Washington, DC. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:993-1001. [PMID: 37843684 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the scale-up of telehealth for children and youth living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic, their experience and interest in continued telehealth use in the future is unknown. We conducted a quality improvement project to identify areas for improvement of telehealth delivery to children and youth living with HIV and evaluate youth's experiences when using telehealth for mental health services. Children and youth living with HIV (up to 24 years) seen at a specialty HIV program during 2020-2021 were surveyed regarding technology access, telehealth knowledge, barriers to telehealth use and interest in future telehealth use for HIV care. Youth (12-<24 years) who used telehealth for mental health services were surveyed regarding their experiences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Of the 170 patients in care, we surveyed 103 children and youth living with HIV (median age 17.6 years, 88.3% Black, 52.4% female, 77.7% perinatally infected), of whom 69.9% had prior telehealth use for their clinical visit. Most patients had access to a device with internet (99%) and were interested in future telehealth use for HIV care (87.4%). Reasons for not wanting to use telehealth included privacy concerns, distrust, discomfort with telehealth, preferring in-person visits, technology access issues and needing translation services. Most youth (81%) surveyed regarding telehealth for mental health services were satisfied and very likely to recommend it to others. Despite some reported barriers to telehealth, there is a high desirability for continued telehealth use among children and youth receiving HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li Adeline Koay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Yashvi Aware
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Tsion Andine
- College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Rachel E Selekman
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Urology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Natella Y Rakhmanina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatrics AIDS Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
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45
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Kaiser CK, Edwards Z, Austin EW. Media Literacy Practices to Prevent Obesity and Eating Disorders in Youth. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:186-194. [PMID: 38183580 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity and eating disorders share common issues related to media use and effects, especially in the USA. Current research increasingly demonstrates that media literacy can address this problem. This narrative review highlights current media literacy-based research for obesity and eating disorder prevention among youth. RECENT FINDINGS Current research using media literacy techniques to prevent obesity indicates that these interventions improve nutrition outcomes, improve family communication about food, improve critical thinking about food advertisements, reduce sugar and fat intake, and reduce screen use for parents and youth. In addition, eating disorder research reveals that media literacy techniques lead to higher scores of body satisfaction and self-esteem, with lower scores of perfectionism, thinness, and ideal masculinity. There is a need for media literacy-based interventions to focus on family communication to prevent obesity and eating disorders. Furthermore, there should be more focus on identified levels of prevention and specific clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kit Kaiser
- Washington State Department of Social & Health Services, Behavioral Health Administration, Western State Hospital, 9601 Steilacoom Blvd SW, Building 8, Room 109, Lakewood, WA, USA.
| | - Zena Edwards
- Extension Youth & Families, Washington State University Extension, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Erica Weintraub Austin
- The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-2520, USA
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46
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Dimakos J, Gauthier-Gagné G, Lin L, Scholes S, Gruber R. The Associations Between Sleep and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Empirical Findings, Clinical Implications, and Future Research Directions. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2024; 47:179-197. [PMID: 38302206 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sleep problems are common in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Externalizing and internalizing problems contribute to dysfunction in youth with ADHD and are amplified by disrupted sleep. This objective of this article is to synthesize empirical studies that examined the associations between sleep and internalizing or externalizing problems in individuals with ADHD. The main findings are that sleep problems precede, predict, and significantly contribute to the manifestation of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among children and adolescents with ADHD. Clinicians should assess sleep and integrate sleep interventions into the management of youth with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Dimakos
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Gauthier-Gagné
- Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lanyi Lin
- Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Samantha Scholes
- Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reut Gruber
- Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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47
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Schantell M, Taylor BK, Mansouri A, Arif Y, Coutant AT, Rice DL, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Wilson TW. Theta oscillatory dynamics serving cognitive control index psychosocial distress in youth. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100599. [PMID: 38213830 PMCID: PMC10776433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosocial distress among youth is a major public health issue characterized by disruptions in cognitive control processing. Using the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, we quantified multidimensional neural oscillatory markers of psychosocial distress serving cognitive control in youth. Methods The sample consisted of 39 peri-adolescent participants who completed the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery (NIHTB-EB) and the Eriksen flanker task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). A psychosocial distress index was computed with exploratory factor analysis using assessments from the NIHTB-EB. MEG data were analyzed in the time-frequency domain and peak voxels from oscillatory maps depicting the neural cognitive interference effect were extracted for voxel time series analyses to identify spontaneous and oscillatory aberrations in dynamics serving cognitive control as a function of psychosocial distress. Further, we quantified the relationship between psychosocial distress and dynamic functional connectivity between regions supporting cognitive control. Results The continuous psychosocial distress index was strongly associated with validated measures of pediatric psychopathology. Theta-band neural cognitive interference was identified in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and middle cingulate cortex (MCC). Time series analyses of these regions indicated that greater psychosocial distress was associated with elevated spontaneous activity in both the dlPFC and MCC and blunted theta oscillations in the MCC. Finally, we found that stronger phase coherence between the dlPFC and MCC was associated with greater psychosocial distress. Conclusions Greater psychosocial distress was marked by alterations in spontaneous and oscillatory theta activity serving cognitive control, along with hyperconnectivity between the dlPFC and MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K. Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amirsalar Mansouri
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yasra Arif
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Anna T. Coutant
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Danielle L. Rice
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging & Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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48
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Bayne M, Chirico I, Wei L, Galanter C. Impact of Illness Severity Tools on Adolescent Psychiatric Managed Care in California. Adm Policy Ment Health 2024; 51:162-171. [PMID: 38051430 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-023-01323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Youth with mental illness struggle to receive essential behavioral health care. One obstacle is denial of coverage by insurance. In California, managed care consumers may apply for independent medical review (IMR) which potentially overturns an insurance denial through the California Department of Managed Healthcare (CDMHC). The authors aim to analyze IMR appeals for psychiatric treatment among adolescents and elucidate factors associated with obtaining coverage of care. We performed an analysis to identify factors that are associated with depression and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment claim denials in 11-20-year-olds from 2001 to 2022 using CDMHC data. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify specific factors related to claim characteristics and medical society instruments that are significantly associated with overturning a denial by IMR. Behavioral health IMRs are overturned at a higher rate than non-behavioral health claims. 54.5% of those with depression and 36.3% of those with SUD initially denied care coverage were overturned by IMR. For those seeking depression treatment, we found a significantly greater odds of overturn by IMR if there was a reference of CALOCUS [1.64, 95%CI (1.06-2.5)]. The odds of a SUD treatment denial being overturned was significantly greater if referencing CALOCUS [3.85 (1.54-9.62)] or ASAM [2.47, [4.3 (1.77-10.47)]. After the standardized implementation of illness severity tools in IMRs, the odds of a medically necessary claim being overturned was 2.5 times higher than before the standards. With a high percentage of claims being overturned after IMR, the findings suggest that health plans inappropriately deny medically necessary behavioral health treatment. The use of medical society instruments was associated with higher odds of overturning a denial. The recent decision of CDMHC to implement standard use of CALOCUS and similar illness severity criteria is supported by our findings and may facilitate more equitable care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Bayne
- State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
| | - Isabella Chirico
- Mount Sinai Morningside West, 1090 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY, 10025, USA
| | - Lulu Wei
- State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Cathryn Galanter
- State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
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49
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Yu DJ, Wing YK, Li TMH, Chan NY. The Impact of Social Media Use on Sleep and Mental Health in Youth: a Scoping Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:104-119. [PMID: 38329569 PMCID: PMC10948475 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Social media use (SMU) and other internet-based technologies are ubiquitous in today's interconnected society, with young people being among the commonest users. Previous literature tends to support that SMU is associated with poor sleep and mental health issues in youth, despite some conflicting findings. In this scoping review, we summarized relevant studies published within the past 3 years, highlighted the impacts of SMU on sleep and mental health in youth, while also examined the possible underlying mechanisms involved. Future direction and intervention on rational use of SMU was discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Both cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies demonstrated the negative impacts of SMU on sleep and mental health, with preliminary evidence indicating potential benefits especially during the COVID period at which social restriction was common. However, the limited longitudinal research has hindered the establishment of directionality and causality in the association among SMU, sleep, and mental health. Recent studies have made advances with a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of SMU on sleep and mental health in youth, which is of public health importance and will contribute to improving sleep and mental health outcomes while promoting rational and beneficial SMU. Future research should include the implementation of cohort studies with representative samples to investigate the directionality and causality of the complex relationships among SMU, sleep, and mental health; the use of validated questionnaires and objective measurements; and the design of randomized controlled interventional trials to reduce overall and problematic SMU that will ultimately enhance sleep and mental health outcomes in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny J Yu
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tim M H Li
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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50
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O'Grady MA, Iverson MG, Suleiman AO, Rhee TG. Is legalization of recreational cannabis associated with levels of use and cannabis use disorder among youth in the United States? A rapid systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:701-723. [PMID: 35508822 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis legalization policies are rapidly changing in the United States. While there are concerns that recreational legalization will negatively affect young people, previous reviews have not provided clear indication of such effects. The purpose of this rapid systematic review was to examine whether recreational legalization was associated with increases in prevalence of cannabis use and use disorder among adolescents and young adults. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Dissertations & Theses Global, the Trip Database, and OpenGrey were searched from date of inception through Marcy 17, 2022 to retrieve all relevant records. English language and human subject filters were applied. Two reviewers screened abstracts and titles, assessed full text articles, and coded the final included articles. Studies including primarily 10- to 19-year-olds were classified as adolescent, and those between 18 and 26 years as young adult. Our search identified 33 research reports (22 with adolescent samples; 14 young adult). For adolescents, ten studies reported no change in use prevalence associated with legalization, six reported a decrease, and seven reported an increase. Among young adults, most studies (8) showed an increase in at least one prevalence measure, four showed no change, and one showed a decrease. Only two adolescent and one young adult study examined cannabis use disorder, both adolescent studies showed an increase, and the young adult showed no change. The majority of studies had risk of bias. Recreational legalization may be associated with increases in prevalence of cannabis use in young adults while results for adolescents are mixed. Policymakers and practitioners should consider appropriate prevention and treatment options for young people.Trial Registration: PROSPERO #CRD42021276984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A O'Grady
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Marissa G Iverson
- Lyman Maynard Stowe Library, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Adekemi O Suleiman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA New England Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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