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Brohman I, Blank G, Mitchell H, Dubé E, Bettinger JA. Opportunities for HPV vaccine education in school-based immunization programs in British Columbia, Canada: A qualitative study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2326779. [PMID: 38517252 PMCID: PMC10962613 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2326779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of school-based immunization programs (SBIPs) in Canada, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. Vaccine education may improve vaccine uptake among adolescents. The objective of this qualitative study was to identify opportunities for HPV vaccine education in British Columbia, Canada, by exploring the perspectives of students, parents, school staff, and public health nurses on the current SBIP. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult participants and focus groups were conducted with grade 6 students between November 2019 and May 2020. The interviews and focus groups were transcribed and then analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Opportunities for HPV vaccine education were identified in three themes: 1) making SBIPs student-centered; 2) adopting a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to vaccine education; and 3) actualizing parent education opportunities. Broad support existed for a formal, collaborative HPV grade 6 vaccine curriculum delivered by teachers and public health nurses to provide evidence-based health information. Participants voiced that the curriculum should integrate students' perspectives on topics of interest and address needle associated pain and anxiety. Parents were identified as the primary vaccine decisionmakers, therefore, participants stated it was crucial to also provide parent-directed vaccine education as part of SBIP. Our findings support the development of a collaborative HPV vaccine curriculum directed to and informed by students and parents to buttress current SBIPs in British Columbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Brohman
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Blank
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hana Mitchell
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eve Dubé
- Department of Anthropology, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Julie A. Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Anandarajah A, Shato T, Humble S, Barnette AR, Brandt HM, Klesges LM, Sanders Thompson VL, Silver MI. The association of caregiver attitudes, information sources, and trust with HPV vaccine initiation among adolescents. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2300879. [PMID: 38174998 PMCID: PMC10773709 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2300879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study described caregiver attitudes and the information sources they access about HPV vaccination for adolescents and determined their influence on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation. An online survey was administered to 1,016 adults in July 2021. Participants were eligible if they were the caregiver of a child aged 9-17 residing in Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, and select counties in Southern Illinois. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association of caregiver attitudes and information sources with HPV vaccination. Information from doctors or healthcare providers (87.4%) and internet sources other than social media (31.0%) were the most used sources for HPV vaccine information. The highest proportion of caregivers trusted their doctor or healthcare providers (92.4%) and family or friends (68.5%) as sources of information. The HPV vaccine series was more likely to be initiated in children whose caregivers agreed that the vaccine is beneficial (AOR = 4.39, 95% CI = 2.05, 9.39), but less likely with caregivers who were concerned about side effects (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42, 0.88) and who received HPV vaccination information from family or friends (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.93). This study found that caregivers' attitudes, information sources, and trust in those sources were associated with their adolescent's HPV vaccination status. These findings highlight the need to address attitudes and information sources and suggest that tailored interventions considering these factors could increase HPV vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Anandarajah
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thembekile Shato
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Humble
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan R. Barnette
- Department of Neonatology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA
| | - Heather M. Brandt
- HPV Cancer Prevention Program, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M. Klesges
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Michelle I. Silver
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Jin F, Yang Y, Sun J, Li R, Yao F, Liu X. Factors that influence the choice of long-acting reversible contraceptive use among adolescents post-abortion in Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2316625. [PMID: 38353518 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2316625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced abortion can seriously harm the physical and mental health of adolescent women. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) can effectively reduce unplanned pregnancies and prevent repeated abortions among adolescents. This study aimed to analyse the factors affecting the choice of LARC among adolescents in Chongqing of China. METHODS A total of 555 adolescents who underwent induced abortions for unplanned pregnancies between January 2019 and October 2021 were selected as study subjects. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting adolescent LARC choices following induced abortions. RESULTS The factors that affected adolescent LARC choices included an average monthly income ≥ ¥3000 (OR = 3.432, 95% CI: 1.429∼8.244), history of previous abortions (OR = 3.141, 95% CI: 1.632∼6.045), worrying about unplanned pregnancy (OR = 0.365, 95% CI: 0.180∼0.740), parental support for using LARC (OR = 3.549, 95% CI: 1.607∼7.839), sexual partners' support for using LARC (OR = 2.349, 95% CI: 1.068∼5.167), concerns about using LARC (OR = 0.362, 95% CI: 0.176∼0.745), and willingness to use free IUDs (OR = 13.582, 95% CI: 7.173∼25.717). CONCLUSION Cost is one of the factors affecting LARC choices. Parents and sexual partners may play important role in the choice of LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Key Clinical Speciality Construction Project (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanpei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Key Clinical Speciality Construction Project (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Key Clinical Speciality Construction Project (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiyue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Key Clinical Speciality Construction Project (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Key Clinical Speciality Construction Project (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Key Clinical Speciality Construction Project (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Chongqing, China
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McCausland K, Booth S, Leaversuch F, Freeman B, Wolf K, Leaver T, Jancey J. Socio-ecological factors that influence youth vaping: perspectives from Western Australian school professionals, parents and young people. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2322753. [PMID: 38416991 PMCID: PMC10903751 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2322753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand from the perspectives of school professionals, parents and young people the socio-ecological factors that may facilitate and prevent e-cigarette use among young people in Perth, Western Australia. METHODS Purposive sampling was used to recruit school professionals, parents and young people for one-on-one (n = 35) or joint (n = 3) interviews (in-person n = 11 or online n = 27). Data were analysed using thematic analysis and classified into four domains based on the socio-ecological model: i) individual, ii) interpersonal, iii) organizational/community and iv) societal/policy. RESULTS Factors that were found to support vaping among young people included sensation-seeking and risk-taking behaviour; a low-risk perception of vapes; attractive characteristics of vapes; ease of access; perception vaping is a social activity; and lack of knowledge about vaping among parents and school professionals. Vaping prevention messages originating from the familial, educational and community spheres are lacking but wanted by adults and young people. CONCLUSIONS The pervasiveness of the e-cigarette trade and persistent challenges related to surveillance and enforcement need to be addressed to reduce exposure and access to e-cigarettes. A mixture of "hard" and "soft" public policy tools involving key stakeholders in a range of settings is needed to prevent e-cigarette access and uptake by young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahlia McCausland
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue Booth
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francene Leaversuch
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Becky Freeman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharina Wolf
- School of Management and Marketing, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tama Leaver
- School of Media, Creative Arts and Social Inquiry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Klitzman R, Remien RH, Beyrer C. Challenges in Arranging to Waive Parental Consent in HIV Prevention Studies of Adolescent Men Who have Sex with Men: The Case of HPTN 078. J Homosex 2024; 71:1584-1604. [PMID: 36883987 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2185093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Including adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) in HIV prevention and treatment studies without parental permission is vital, but has often faced barriers. We examine the case of recent Institutional Review Boards (IRB) reviews of an HIV treatment and prevention study that requested waiving parental permission at four United States sites, but received different responses from each institution. IRBs varied in whether and how they weighed parental rights against AMSMs' rights and individual and social benefits, and potential harms (e.g., if a parent disapproves of the adolescents' sexual behavior). One IRB "tabled" the decision to receive advice from the university Office of General Counsel (OGC), despite state laws allowing minors to consent to HIV testing and treatment without parental permission. Another IRB consulted the university's Chief Compliance Officer (CCO), which thought the waiver was inconsistent with state law, which discusses "venereal disease," but not HIV. University attorneys may have competing priorities, however, and thus interpret relevant laws differently. This case raises critical concerns, highlighting needs for advocates for AMSM, researchers, IRBs and others at institutional, governmental, and community levels to educate policymakers, public health departments, IRB chairs, members, and staff, OGCs and CCOs about these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klitzman
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Joseph Mailman School of Public Health, Bioethics Program, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert H Remien
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Clinical Medical Psychology (In Psychiatry), Columbia University and in the NY State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Epidemiology, International Health, Health Behavior and Society, Nursing, and Medicine, Johns Hopkins, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maeryland, USA
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6
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Runacres A, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA. The Effect of Sex, Maturity, and Training Status on Maximal Sprint Performance Kinetics. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:98-105. [PMID: 37890835 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of sprint running during youth has received renewed interest, but questions remain regarding the development of speed in youth, especially the influences of sex, training, and maturity status. METHODS One hundred and forty-seven team sport trained (69 girls; 14.3 [2.1] y) and 113 untrained (64 girls; 13.8 [2.7] y) youth completed two 30-m sprints separated by 2-minute active rest. Velocity was measured using a radar gun at >46 Hz, with power and force variables derived from a force-velocity-power profile. RESULTS Boys produced a significantly higher absolute peak power (741 [272] vs 645 [229] W; P < .01) and force (431 [124] vs 398 [125] N; P < .01) than girls, irrespective of maturity and training status. However, there was a greater sex difference in relative mean power and peak velocity in circa peak height velocity adolescents (46.9% and 19.8%, respectively) compared with prepeak height velocity (5.4% and 3.2%) or postpeak height velocity youth (11.6% and 5.6%). CONCLUSIONS Sprint development in youth is sexually dimorphic which needs considering when devising long-term training plans. Further research is needed to explore the independent, and combined, effects of sex, training, and maturity status on sprint performance kinetics in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Runacres
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Center, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Center, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Center, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Jayawardene W, Lohrmann D, Agley J, Jun M, Gassman R. Adverse Childhood Experience-Related Conditions and Substance Use in Adolescents: A Secondary Analysis of Cross-Sectional Survey Data. J Sch Health 2024; 94:385-394. [PMID: 38282025 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cluster within children. In addition to standardized ACE measures, there exist "ACE-related" measures that are either directly or indirectly related to the standardized ACE constructs. This study aimed to identify ACE-related latent classes of adolescents and describe past-month substance use in each class by sex and race/ethnicity. METHODS Data from the 2018 Indiana Youth Survey (N = 70,703), which is a repeated self-administered, cross-sectional survey, were used. Latent class analysis was conducted using ACE-related family (parent incarceration, insulting/yelling within family, inability to discuss personal problems) and school (hate being in school, feeling unsafe, inability to talk to teachers one-on-one) items. Dependent variable combined past 30-day use-frequency of 17 substances. Two-way analysis of variances examined ACE by sex and race/ethnicity interaction. RESULTS Four ACE-related classes emerged: "Family-Only" (11.2%), "School-Only" (16.5%), "Family-School" (8.0%), and "No-ACE" (64.3%). Substance use was highest in "Family-School" (mean = 0.67); lowest in "No-ACE" (mean = 0.21). Significant race/ethnicity (F = 27.06; p < .0001), ACE * sex interaction (F = 12.13; p < .0001) and ACE * race/ethnicity interaction (F = 4.57; p < .0001) effects emerged. Within each ACE-related class, substance use was lowest for Asians and highest for Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS Adverse childhood experience-related items cluster within children across school and family environments and clustering differs by race/ethnicity, but not by sex. Incorporating ACE-related items into school surveys enhances the ability to implement interventions that target relationships between ACEs and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasantha Jayawardene
- School of Human Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 323C Pulliam Hall, 475 Clocktower Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901
| | - David Lohrmann
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Jon Agley
- Institute for Research on Addictive Behavior, Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Mikyoung Jun
- Institute for Research on Addictive Behavior, Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Ruth Gassman
- Institute for Research on Addictive Behavior, Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
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Nguyen KH, Chen S, Bao Y, Lu Y, Bednarczyk RA, Vasudevan L. COVID-19 Diagnosis, Severity, and Long COVID Among U.S. Adolescents, National Health Interview Survey, 2022. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:534-539. [PMID: 38311899 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241231642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding disparities in COVID-19 outcomes, overall and stratified by vaccination status, is important for developing targeted strategies to increase vaccination coverage and protect adolescents from COVID-19. DESIGN The 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional nationally representative household survey of U.S. adults. SETTING A probability sample of households in the U.S. SAMPLE One child aged 12-17 years is randomly selected from each family in the household. A knowledgeable adult (eg, parent or guardian), responds on behalf of the child through an in-person interview (response rate = 49.9%). MEASURES Input measures-sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 vaccination status; output measures-ever had COVID-19, moderate/severe COVID-19, long COVID. ANALYSIS Prevalence of COVID-19 outcomes was assessed for adolescents aged 12-17 years. Factors associated with each COVID-19 outcome were assessed with multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Among 2758 adolescents aged 12-17 years in 2022, 60.5% had received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine, 30.2% had ever been diagnosed by a doctor that they had COVID-19, 29.5% had moderate/severe COVID-19, and 6.2% had long COVID. Adolescents who were vaccinated with ≥1 dose were less likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 (aOR = .79) and less likely to have long COVID (aOR = .30). CONCLUSION Targeted messaging to highlight the importance of early treatment, the harms of long COVID-19, and the benefits of vaccination in protecting against long-term effects may be necessary to ensure that all adolescents and their families are adequately protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Nguyen
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingjun Bao
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Bednarczyk
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lavanya Vasudevan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Gumpert M, Rautio D, Monzani B, Jassi A, Krebs G, Fernández de la Cruz L, Mataix-Cols D, Jansson-Fröjmark M. Psychometric evaluation of the appearance anxiety inventory in adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder. Cogn Behav Ther 2024; 53:254-266. [PMID: 38174353 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2299837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI) is a self-report measure assessing the typical cognitions and behaviours of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Despite its use in research and clinical settings, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in young people with BDD. We examined the factor structure, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the AAI in 182 youths with BDD (82.9% girls; Mage = 15.56, SD = 1.37) consecutively referred to two specialist outpatient clinics in Stockholm, Sweden (n = 97) and London, England (n = 85). An exploratory factor analysis identified three factors, namely "threat monitoring", "camouflaging", and "avoidance", explaining 48.15% of the variance. The scale showed good internal consistency (McDonalds omega = 0.83) and adequate convergent validity with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder for Adolescents (BDD-YBOCS-A; rs = 0.42) and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (rs = 0.32). Sensitivity to change was adequate, with AAI total scores and individual factor scores significantly decreasing over time in the subgroup of participants receiving multimodal treatment for BDD (n = 79). Change of AAI scores over treatment showed a positive statistically significant moderate-to-good correlation (r = 0.55) with changes in BDD symptom severity, measured by the BDD-YBOCS-A. The study provides empirical support for the use of the AAI in young people with BDD in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gumpert
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Rautio
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedetta Monzani
- National and Specialist OCD, BDD, and Related Disorders Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amita Jassi
- National and Specialist OCD, BDD, and Related Disorders Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Krebs
- National and Specialist OCD, BDD, and Related Disorders Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Fernández de la Cruz
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Jansson-Fröjmark
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Curtin C, Bandini LG, Forquer M, Cullen P, Rancaño KM, Must A, Schreck K, Bowling AB, Askenazy N, Wei X, Irish C, Stanish HI. A remotely-delivered pilot and feasibility program to promote physical and food literacy in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2024; 37:e13228. [PMID: 38520166 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth with intellectual disabilities experience disparities in physical activity and diet quality. Physical and food literacy are hypothesised to support adoption of healthy lifestyles; however, few such interventions have been developed for this population. METHOD Participants with intellectual disabilities ages 12-16 years were recruited for a 12-week online sports skills and nutrition education intervention. Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy were assessed by attendance, satisfaction, and pre-post measures of motor skills, perceived competence and motivation for physical activity, classifying foods, making healthy choices, and food consumption. RESULTS Six teens participated in the program and attended 87.5% of the sessions. Satisfaction data suggested that the program was well-received by both teens and parents. Trends toward improvements on physical activity and nutrition outcome measures were observed. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary data from this pilot study suggest that physical and food literacy in youth with intellectual disabilities can be improved, which in turn may contribute to the adoption of healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Curtin
- E.K. Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L G Bandini
- E.K. Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Forquer
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P Cullen
- E.K. Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K M Rancaño
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Must
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K Schreck
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A B Bowling
- Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N Askenazy
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - X Wei
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C Irish
- Brighton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H I Stanish
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Ahuja S, Biss T, Maas Enriquez M, Mancuso ME, Steele M, Kenet G. A post hoc analysis of PROTECT VIII kids assessing long-term efficacy and safety of damoctocog alfa pegol in adolescents with severe haemophilia A. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:756-764. [PMID: 38193596 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The safety and efficacy of the extended half-life factor VIII (FVIII) product damoctocog alfa pegol (BAY 94-9027, Jivi®) has been demonstrated in the PROTECT VIII Kids study (NCT01775618), where male previously-treated patients (PTPs) aged <12 years old with severe haemophilia A and ≥ 50 exposure days (EDs) were treated prophylactically. The PROTECT VIII Kids extension study assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of damoctocog alfa pegol in the same population. AIM To evaluate the long-term impact of damoctocog alfa pegol in a post hoc subgroup analysis of adolescent patients in the PROTECT VIII Kids study and its extension from 12th birthday onwards. METHODS The current analysis included PTPs aged ≥12 years old, who remained in the extension for ≥6 months following their 12th birthday. The observation period was defined as the time from 12th birthday to the end of the extension period; all data from this birthday were included whether in the main study or extension phase. The main efficacy variable was annualised bleeding rate (ABR) and the main safety variable was the frequency of inhibitor development. RESULTS This subgroup analysis comprised 25 patients. Median observation time after 12th birthday was 3.2 years. Median total/joint/spontaneous ABRs in the observation period were 1.7/0.7/0.3, respectively. Safety findings were consistent with those reported for the overall study population; no confirmed FVIII inhibitors or anti-drug antibodies were reported. CONCLUSIONS Damoctocog alfa pegol is efficacious with a favourable safety profile in adolescents with haemophilia A, supporting its long-term use in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Ahuja
- Rainbow Hemostasis & Thrombosis Center, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tina Biss
- Department of Haematology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Maria Elisa Mancuso
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Diseases, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - MacGregor Steele
- Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gili Kenet
- Israel National Hemophilia Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel & The Amalia Biron Thrombosis Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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12
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Cervin M, McGuire JF, D'Souza JM, De Nadai AS, Aspvall K, Goodman WK, Andrén P, Schneider SC, Geller DA, Mataix-Cols D, Storch EA. Efficacy and acceptability of cognitive-behavioral therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: a network meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:594-609. [PMID: 38171647 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are recommended treatments for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but their relative efficacy and acceptability have not been comprehensively examined. Further, it remains unclear whether the efficacy of in-person CBT is conserved when delivered in other formats, such as over telephone/webcam or as Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT). METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO, trial registries, and previous systematic reviews were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CBT (in-person, webcam/telephone-delivered, or ICBT) or SRIs with control conditions or each other. Network meta-analyses were conducted to examine efficacy (post-treatment Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) and acceptability (treatment discontinuation). Confidence in effect estimates was evaluated with CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis). RESULTS Thirty eligible RCTs and 35 contrasts comprising 2,057 youth with OCD were identified. In-person CBT was significantly more efficacious than ICBT, waitlist, relaxation training, and pill placebo (MD range: 3.95-11.10; CINeMA estimate of confidence: moderate) but did not differ significantly from CBT delivered via webcam/telephone (MD: 0.85 [-2.51, 4.21]; moderate), SRIs (MD: 3.07 [-0.07, 6.20]; low), or the combination of in-person CBT and SRIs (MD: -1.20 [-5.29, 2.91]; low). SRIs were significantly more efficacious than pill placebo (MD: 4.59 [2.70, 6.48]; low) and waitlist (MD: 8.03 [4.24, 11.82]; moderate). No significant differences for acceptability emerged, but confidence in estimates was low. CONCLUSIONS In-person CBT and SRIs produce clear benefits compared to waitlist and pill placebo and should be integral parts of the clinical management of pediatric OCD, with in-person CBT overall having a stronger evidence base. The combination of in-person CBT and SRIs may be most efficacious, but few studies hinder firm conclusions. The efficacy of CBT appears conserved when delivered via webcam/telephone, while more trials evaluating ICBT are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristina Aspvall
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per Andrén
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - David Mataix-Cols
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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King CA, Gipson Allen PY, Ahamed SI, Webb M, Casper TC, Brent D, Grupp-Phelan J, Rogers TA, Arango A, Al-Dajani N, McGuire TC, Bagge CL. 24-Hour warning signs for adolescent suicide attempts. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1272-1283. [PMID: 37947215 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about when youth may be at greatest risk for attempting suicide, which is critically important information for the parents, caregivers, and professionals who care for youth at risk. This study used adolescent and parent reports, and a case-crossover, within-subject design to identify 24-hour warning signs (WS) for suicide attempts. METHODS Adolescents (N = 1094, ages 13 to 18) with one or more suicide risk factors were enrolled and invited to complete bi-weekly, 8-10 item text message surveys for 18 months. Adolescents who reported a suicide attempt (survey item) were invited to participate in an interview regarding their thoughts, feelings/emotions, and behaviors/events during the 24-hours prior to their attempt (case period) and a prior 24-hour period (control period). Their parents participated in an interview regarding the adolescents' behaviors/events during these same periods. Adolescent or adolescent and parent interviews were completed for 105 adolescents (81.9% female; 66.7% White, 19.0% Black, 14.3% other). RESULTS Both parent and adolescent reports of suicidal communications and withdrawal from social and other activities differentiated case and control periods. Adolescent reports also identified feelings (self-hate, emotional pain, rush of feelings, lower levels of rage toward others), cognitions (suicidal rumination, perceived burdensomeness, anger/hostility), and serious conflict with parents as WS in multi-variable models. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 24-hour WS in the domains of cognitions, feelings, and behaviors/events, providing an evidence base for the dissemination of information about signs of proximal risk for adolescent suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Polly Y Gipson Allen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael Webb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T Charles Casper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T Alexander Rogers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alejandra Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nadia Al-Dajani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Taylor C McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Courtney L Bagge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Atif M, Tewari N, Saji S, Srivastav S, Rahul M. Effectiveness of various methods of educating children and adolescents for the maintenance of oral health: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:229-245. [PMID: 37840214 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based oral health education has emerged as one of the most effective methods to instill a positive attitude toward oral health in children. AIM This systematic review (SR) aimed to assess the effectiveness of different methods of oral health education in children and adolescents. DESIGN Systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS, Scopus, and EMBASE on January 29, 2023. Review included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and their risk of bias (ROB) was assessed by Cochrane RoB-2. Data were extracted and analyzed by expert group. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome. Every step was conducted in duplicate, and disagreements were resolved by consulting the third reviewer. RESULTS The SR included 10 RCTs with majority showing a high ROB. They included 12 methods with the commonest being the use of leaflets/flash cards. Most interventions were effective in improving oral hygiene, gingival health, and knowledge except conventional teaching methods, lecture by using PowerPoint by dentists, and e-learning interventions. The grade of evidence in the majority of outcomes was found to be low or very low. CONCLUSION Interventions using the interactive methods such as games, motivational-experiential learning, and audiovisual methods were found to be more effective than controls and other interventions. Variabilities in study methods and outcome variables must be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Atif
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seba Saji
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukeshana Srivastav
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morankar Rahul
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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15
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Wong JJ, Hanes SJ, Flores H, Ngo J, Hood KK. Satisfaction with diabetes involvement: Exploring parent and adolescent perspectives. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15254. [PMID: 38010056 PMCID: PMC11021166 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Both parent and adolescent involvement in type 1 diabetes management are critical during adolescence. The current study sought to understand the factors associated with parent and adolescent satisfaction with their own and one another's involvement in diabetes management. METHODS Cross-sectional baseline data from 157 parent-adolescent dyads enrolled in an RCT were used. Adolescent ages ranged from 12 to 19 (Mage = 14.7, SD = 1.89) and were balanced by gender (50.3% male). Paired t-tests examined concordance between parent and adolescent satisfaction, bivariate correlations identified correlates, and regressions examined unique associations. RESULTS Roughly, 43% of adolescents and 29% of parents were very satisfied with adolescent involvement in diabetes management, whereas 71% of adolescents and 26.1% of parents were very satisfied with parent involvement. Indicators of better glycaemic health (via higher percent time-in-range and lower HbA1c and percent time in hyperglycaemia) and psychosocial functioning (less diabetes distress and depression) were correlated with higher satisfaction. Parent satisfaction with adolescent involvement was higher among older adolescents (R = 0.198, p = 0.013). Non-Hispanic white youth were more satisfied with their own involvement than youth of colour (t(149) = -2.783, p = 0.003). Both percent time-in-range and one's own diabetes distress uniquely related to parent and adolescent satisfaction with adolescent involvement. Conversely, parent satisfaction with their own involvement was only uniquely associated with parent diabetes distress. CONCLUSION Both adolescent and parents' satisfaction with adolescents' involvement in self-management are indicators of both glycaemic control and psychosocial well-being, whereas parents' self-evaluations are more closely tied to diabetes-specific distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie J Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sarah J Hanes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Haley Flores
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jessica Ngo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Korey K Hood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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16
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Thielemann JFB, Kasparik B, König J, Unterhitzenberger J, Rosner R. Stability of Treatment Effects and Caregiver-Reported Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents. Child Maltreat 2024; 29:375-387. [PMID: 36959760 PMCID: PMC10981190 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231167383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of trauma-focused treatments for children and adolescents is well researched. However, less is known about the long-term and caregiver-reported effects. Searched databases were PsychInfo, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PTSDPubs, PubMed, Web of Science, and OpenGrey. Treatment effects of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) were computed at 12-month follow-up with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) as primary outcome and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and grief as secondary outcomes. Concordance between participant and caregiver ratings were investigated. TF-CBT showed large improvements across all outcomes from pre-treatment to 12-month follow-up (PTSS: g = 1.71, CI 1.27-2.15) and favorable results compared to active treatments and treatment as usual at 12-month follow-up (PTSS: g = .35, CI .13-.56). More pronounced effects were found in group settings. No significant differences were detected between participant and caregiver ratings with high reliability across almost all outcomes and assessment points. TF-CBT is a reliable treatment for pediatric PTSS and secondary symptoms with stable results at 12-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Felix Benjamin Thielemann
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
- Alexianer Krefeld GmbH, Hospital Maria-Hilf, Clinic for Mental Health, Department of General Psychiatry, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kasparik
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Julia König
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Johanna Unterhitzenberger
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
- Centre for Children and Adolescents Inn-Salzach e.V., Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Altoetting, Germany
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
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17
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Lau J, Koh WL, Ng JS, Lee D, Peh CH, Lam J, Tan KK, Koh V. How can we better evaluate paediatric progression of myopia and associated risk factors? Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:e257-e271. [PMID: 37786939 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During the COVID-19 pandemic, home-based and remote learning-particularly using electronic devices-was rapidly pushed out. Increased near-work, screen time exposure and lack of outdoor time are risk factors that contribute to childhood myopia, but it is difficult to adopt recommendations from prior publications as a consistent limitation in the literature is the heterogeneity of research methodology. This review seeks to systematically evaluate how observational studies published during the pandemic have quantified and measured risk factors and myopia in school-going children and adolescents. METHODS Three scientific databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus) were systematically searched from March 2020 to April 2022. Findings from relevant studies were descriptively summarised in relation to the PICOS-based objective of the review. RESULTS The final sample of 13 studies included research from six countries and comprised 1 411 908 children and adolescents. The majority of studies (N = 10; 76.9%) used spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -0.5 dioptres or lower as a common definition of myopia. Most studies (77.8%) measuring screen time exposure found it higher during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID, but only one study used objective measurement of screen time. The average critical appraisal score of the sample was only 66.1%, with a considerable number of studies failing to identify and adjust for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Future studies should consider emergent objective and validated measures of risk factors, account for potential a priori confounders and covariates and ensure more representativeness in the sociodemographic makeup of their samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrald Lau
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Ling Koh
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janelle Shaina Ng
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daphne Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cherie Hui Peh
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janice Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Thorsell Cederberg J, Bartels SL, Thulin M, Beeckman M, Wicksell RK, Goubert L. Child and Parent Risk and Resilience Factors as Predictors of Long-term Recovery in Youth Undergoing Spinal Fusion Surgery. Clin J Pain 2024; 40:278-287. [PMID: 38287774 PMCID: PMC11005675 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Undertreated pediatric postsurgical pain negatively affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and functioning and may lead to chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Predictors of recovery have been identified but more research is needed, particularly regarding resilience, social factors, and long-term effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate child and parent risk and resilience factors as predictors of long-term postsurgical recovery for adolescents. METHODS Participants were patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS), 12 to 18 years old, undergoing spinal fusion, and their parents. Recruitment occurred at the orthopedic units at 4 hospitals in Belgium. Data were collected before surgery (T0), at 3 (T1) and 6 weeks (T2), 6 months (T3), and 1 year (T4) post surgery. Multiple regression models were used to evaluate the predictive effect of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, psychological flexibility, and pain acceptance on long-term functioning, HRQOL, and pain. RESULTS The sample comprised 100 adolescents and 61 parents. Pain at T0, T1, and T3 and adolescent pain catastrophizing (T0) predicted health-related quality of life, functioning, and pain at T4 (while pain at T2 predicted HRQOL and pain). Parent pain catastrophizing predicted pain at T4. Adolescent and parental psychological flexibility predicted HRQOL, and parent psychological flexibility also predicted pain at T4. Adolescent acceptance at T1 predicted pain, and acceptance at T2 predicted HRQOL, at T4. DISCUSSION The study identified pain and adolescent pain catastrophizing as risk factors, and adolescent and parental psychological flexibility and adolescent pain acceptance as resilience factors, for long-term recovery in youths undergoing spinal fusion. Postsurgical pain management targeting these factors may therefore promote recovery for these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Måns Thulin
- Mathematics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Liesbet Goubert
- Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Kalf-Scholte SM, van Zoonen R, Sijperda-Abdul D, Algra H, Valkenburg C. Factors influencing the oral health behaviour of Dutch adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities living in residential care: A qualitative study. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2024; 37:e13220. [PMID: 38491919 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toothbrushing, limiting intake frequency, and scheduled visits to an oral healthcare professional (OHP) are key for good oral health. We aimed to explore factors influencing these oral health behaviours in Dutch adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID) in residential care. METHOD Using a qualitative, descriptive approach, we conducted focus groups and interviews with 12 adolescents, 9 counsellors, and 6 OHPs. Thematic analysis mapped factors influencing adolescents' knowledge, attitude, planning, and execution of oral health behaviours to oral care stakeholders. RESULTS Of nine identified influencing factors, three were pivotal: Structure (influencing toothbrushing and intake frequency), Anxiety (impeding dental visits), and Support (provided by counsellors). CONCLUSIONS Counsellors should provide structured daily guidance on oral hygiene and diet for adolescents with MBID, while respecting the adolescents' autonomy. As intermediaries between adolescents and OHPs, counsellors are key in reducing dental anxiety. Counsellors need clear oral health policies within care facilities to address competing priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Kalf-Scholte
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Henk Algra
- Stichting Bijzondere Tandheelkunde, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Valkenburg
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Celik G, Haney MÖ. The relationship of depressive symptoms with pain and analgesic use in Turkish adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 37:e12464. [PMID: 38591776 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEM This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, pain (headache, abdominal pain, back pain) and analgesic use among Turkish adolescents. Additionally, it aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and pain and analgesic use in adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in Izmir, Turkey with 954 adolescents aged 11-19 years. Data were collected with the "socio-demographic questionnaires" and the "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children". Analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis. FINDINGS Of the adolescents, 632 (66.2%) showed depressive symptoms. Of the adolescents, 424 (44.4%) experienced headache, 256 (26.8%) experienced abdominal pain, and 343 (36.0%) experienced back pain. A total of 309 (32.4%) adolescents used analgesics for headaches, 132 (13.8%) abdominal pain, and 47 (4.9%) for back pain. Female gender, high level maternal education, bad economic status, poor health perception, bad school success, pain and analgesic use were the correlated variables with adolescent depression. CONCLUSIONS The depressive symptoms, headache and back pain, and use of analgesics especially for headaches were common among adolescents. The results showed depression in adolescent correlated with pain (headache, abdominal pain, and back pain) and analgesic use. Regular screening is needed to assure early intervention of depression among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meryem Öztürk Haney
- Public Health Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Türkiye
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21
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Torbahn G, Jones A, Griffiths A, Matu J, Metzendorf MI, Ells LJ, Gartlehner G, Kelly AS, Weghuber D, Brown T. Pharmacological interventions for the management of children and adolescents living with obesity-An update of a Cochrane systematic review with meta-analyses. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13113. [PMID: 38454737 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The effectiveness of anti-obesity medications for children and adolescents is unclear. OBJECTIVE To update the evidence on the benefits and harms of anti-obesity medication. DATA SOURCES Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP (1/1/16-17/3/23). STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials ≥6 months in people <19 years living with obesity. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Screening, data extraction and quality assessment conducted in duplicate, independently. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Body mass index (BMI): 95th percentile BMI, adverse events and quality of life. RESULTS Thirty-five trials (N = 4331), follow-up: 6-24 months; age: 8.8-16.3 years; BMI: 26.2-41.7 kg/m2. Moderate certainty evidence demonstrated a -1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.27 to -1.14)-unit BMI reduction, ranging from -0.8 to -5.9 units between individual drugs with semaglutide producing the largest reduction of -5.88 kg/m2 (95% CI: -6.99 to -4.77, N = 201). Drug type explained ~44% of heterogeneity. Low certainty evidence demonstrated reduction in 95th percentile BMI: -11.88 percentage points (95% CI: -18.43 to -5.30, N = 668). Serious adverse events and study discontinuation due to adverse events did not differ between medications and comparators, but medication dose adjustments were higher compared to comparator (10.6% vs 1.7%; RR = 3.74 [95% CI: 1.51 to 9.26], I2 = 15%), regardless of approval status. There was a trend towards improved quality of life. Evidence gaps exist for children, psychosocial outcomes, comorbidities and weight loss maintenance. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Anti-obesity medications in addition to behaviour change improve BMI but may require dose adjustment, with 1 in 100 adolescents experiencing a serious adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Torbahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alex Griffiths
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Maria-Inti Metzendorf
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Louisa J Ells
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Gerald Gartlehner
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Cochrane Austria, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aaron S Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tamara Brown
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Calcaterra V, Mameli C, Macedoni M, De Silvestri A, Sgambetterra L, Nosenzo F, Redaelli FC, Petitti A, Bosetti A, Zuccotti G. Investigating the connection among thyroid function, sensitivity to thyroid hormones, and metabolic syndrome in euthyroid children and adolescents affected by type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:347-352. [PMID: 38462926 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A connection between thyroid hormones (THs) and diverse metabolic pathways has been reported. We evaluated thyroid function and tissue sensitivity to THs in children and adolescents with T1D in comparison to euthyroid controls. Additionally, we investigate whether a relationship exists between sensitivity indices and metabolic parameters. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 pediatric patients diagnosed with T1D. Clinical parameters, TSH, FT3, FT4, and the presence of MS were documented. Additionally, indices of peripheral sensitivity (FT3/FT4 ratio) and central sensitivity (TSH index, TSHI; TSH T4 resistance index, TT4RI; TSH T3 resistance index, TT3RI) were assessed. Thirty healthy subjects were considered as controls. RESULTS The overall prevalence of MS was 7.27 %, with MS identified in 8 out of 80 (10 %) T1D subjects; none of the controls manifested MS (p<0.01). No significant differences were observed in indexes of tissue sensitivity to THs between subjects with or without MS (all p>0.05). Correlations between THs and indexes of THs tissue sensitivity and metabolic parameters in controls and T1D patients were noted. CONCLUSIONS This study affirms a heightened prevalence of MS in children with T1D compared to controls and underscores the potential role of THs in maintaining metabolic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Federico Nosenzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan, Italy
| | | | - Agnese Petitti
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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23
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Ortiz-Paredes D, Chanady T, Wassef K, Knight R, Ferlatte O. 'I created my own access:' understanding mental healthcare access experiences among LGTBQ + youth who use cannabis in Canada. Cult Health Sex 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38639032 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2024.2340090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In North America, LGBTQ+ youth have high rates of cannabis use and face mental health issues. We conducted a photovoice study to describe the perspectives, needs, and motivations of forty-six LGBTQ+ youth who use cannabis as they access mental healthcare services. Participants' photographs were discussed in individual semi-structured interviews conducted by peer researchers. Following a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts, we first found that, beyond medication, LGBTQ+ youth sought mental health services facilitating introspection to better understand their sexual and gender identities and mental health. Second, participants sought affirming health professionals but often felt judged by providers. Third, access to desired services was often described as uncertain and taxing, which impacted their mental health. Fourth, participants' agency was determined by their experience with mental health services, which translated into resilience to tackle access challenges and cannabis use to mitigate their mental health struggles. Our findings point to the need for mental healthcare delivery that goes beyond medication provision but which in addition foster therapeutic processes based on a holistic understanding of mental health. A trusting dynamic between health professionals and LGBTQ+ youth is imperative to counteract the feelings of stigma experienced by LGBTQ+ youth using cannabis in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ortiz-Paredes
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tara Chanady
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kinda Wassef
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rod Knight
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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24
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Vale M, Gomes JP, Matos M. Forensic psychological procedures in cases of technology-facilitated sexual abuse among adolescents: A scoping review. Behav Sci Law 2024. [PMID: 38635450 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Technology-facilitated sexual abuse refers to the use of information and communication technologies to facilitate both virtual and in-person sexual crimes. Research on this topic has focused on rates, risk factors, and consequences. This scoping review aims to understand whether and how forensic psychological procedures are adapted to assess adolescent victims and how Internet-based information might be useful as complementary data. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extensions for Scoping Reviews guidelines, searches were conducted in April 2023 in five electronic databases to include Portuguese, Spanish, or English quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method peer-reviewed studies. Of the 2523 studies, six were considered eligible. Identified procedures include forensic interviews following the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Protocol, and risk and trauma assessments. While discussing technology's role in abuse during interviews was informative, confronting adolescents with evidence of their abuse had adverse effects on their testimony and recovery. The assessment tools often had a narrow focus or overlooked the abuse unless explicitly disclosed, implied a referral, or when safeguarding concerns were raised. Clinical, forensic, and criminal implications are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vale
- Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João P Gomes
- Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marlene Matos
- Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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25
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Inci Izmir SB, Çitil Akyol C. EMDR Flash Technique in adolescents with depression: A twelve-week follow-up study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024:13591045241247701. [PMID: 38631366 DOI: 10.1177/13591045241247701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the specific effects of the EMDR Flash Technique on adolescents with depression. This follow-up study consists of 32 adolescents, 12-17 years of age (M = 14.34, SD = 1.56), including 7 males and 25 females. They were evaluated with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Children Revised Impact of Event Scale-8 (Crıes-8). These were administered at baseline, at the end of the 4th and 12th weeks of treatment. The EMDR Flash Technique which can be utilized in the preparation phase of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to reduce the intensity of highly distressing memories rapidly and relatively painlessly was applied for 12 weeks, one session per week as a free-standing intervention. Also, the EMDR Flash Technique can be effective in decreasing the rate of noncompliance and drop-outs of adolescents. The baseline means of total BDI scores decreased from 48.19 to 2.16 at the end of the 12th week of treatment. Also, the CRIES scores decreased from 31.78 to 0.44 at the end of the 12th week of treatment. In addition, the baseline means of SUD scores decreased from 9.53 to zero at the end of the 12th week of treatment. Overall, our results underscore the effectiveness of the EMDR-Flash Technique in adolescents with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Berrin Inci Izmir
- Institute on Social Science, Department of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology, Isık University, Turkey
| | - Canan Çitil Akyol
- Faculty of Letters, Department of Psychology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
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26
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Wang H, Li X, Lok GKI, Meng C, Tan Y, Lee UM, Lei LSM, Chan N. Family-based therapy for internet addiction among adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis. J Behav Addict 2024. [PMID: 38635339 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet addiction (IA) has been identified as a major public health problem that is more prominent in adolescents and young adults. Some researchers have indicated certain advantages of family-based therapy over other treatments in participants with IA, but no conclusive evaluation has been reported. The present meta-analysis aims to review the efficacy of family-based therapy on Internet addiction in adolescents and young adults. Methods Relevant articles published from 1996 to February 15th, 2024, were searched from 14 databases, including three Chinese databases. A total of 19,590 articles were identified using a combination of three sets of search terms (Internet addiction, family therapy, and adolescents). Only RCTs and nonrandomized controlled trials were included. Results 18 studies, most of which were conducted in Asian countries, were included in the final data analysis. The overall severity of Internet addiction in the family-based therapy group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, significant heterogeneity was detected. Subgroup analysis showed a beneficial effect of family-based therapy when compared with non-intervention and when added to another psychological or behavioural therapy in psychiatric patients with co-medication. Few studies have examined secondary outcomes or follow-up effects. Discussion and Conclusions Family-based therapy is most effective in reducing the severity of Internet addiction when combined with other therapies, especially medication treatments in psychiatric patients. It might also be helpful to relieve depression and enhance family functions, which needs further evidence. More studies following up on the post-intervention effects are recommended in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- 1Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiang Li
- 1Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Grace Ka In Lok
- 8Macao Polytechnic University, Peking University Health Science Center- Macao Polytechnic University Nursing Academy, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chunmei Meng
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 3Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yaheng Tan
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 4Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Macao SAR, China
| | - Un Man Lee
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 5Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Louisa Sok Man Lei
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 6Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China
| | - Natalia Chan
- 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- 7Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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27
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Zimmermann E, Tomczyk S. Fostering Digital Life Skills Through Social Media With Adolescents in 6 German States: Protocol for an Accessibility Study According to the RE-AIM Framework. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e51085. [PMID: 38631035 DOI: 10.2196/51085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media is essential in the lives of adolescents, with 97% of US teenagers engaging daily. While it facilitates communication, learning, and identity development, it also poses risks like harmful content exposure and psychological distress, particularly for adolescents in their critical developmental stage. Teaching digital life skills innovatively counters these risks, adapting traditional competencies such as decision-making, problem-solving, creative and critical thinking, communication, interpersonal skills, self-awareness, empathy, and emotional and stress management to digital challenges. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the accessibility of the "leduin" program, a novel intervention designed to impart digital life skills through Instagram. The program aims to leverage social media's educational potential, focusing on effective strategies to engage adolescents. Emphasizing accessibility is crucial, as it determines the program's overall impact. METHODS The leduin program, developed through intervention mapping, applies behavior change techniques via social media for 9th and 10th graders. It is a 14-week spaced learning curriculum with daily sessions <5 minutes. Emphasizing the "reach" aspect of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) model, the recruitment targets diverse educational settings across 6 German states, aiming for inclusivity. Recruitment will involve schools, youth centers, and therapeutic facilities. The study seeks at least 128 participants, a calculated minimum to detect medium-sized effects in the quasi-experimental design and explore varying engagement levels and program responses. Data collection includes preintervention, postintervention, and 6-month follow-up surveys, using multilevel regression, latent growth models, and qualitative analysis to extensively assess reach and gain first insights on effectiveness, acceptance, implementation, and maintenance. The study aims to reveal key factors influencing program participation and interaction; a detailed analysis of engagement patterns will reveal the effectiveness of the recruitment strategies and barriers to participation. Additionally, initial indications of the program's impact on life skills, social media-related skills, health status, risk behaviors, and academic performance will be analyzed. RESULTS Recruitment was planned from May 2023 until the beginning of the leduin program in October 2023. As of March 2024, we have recruited 283 participants. CONCLUSIONS The leduin program stands as an innovative and essential initiative in adolescent health promotion, harnessing the power of social media to teach important digital life skills. This study highlights the critical role of accessibility in the success of social media interventions. Effective adolescent engagement strategies are imperative, as they dictate the overall impact of such interventions. The insights gained from this study will be instrumental in shaping future programs, laying groundwork for a subsequent, more comprehensive cluster-randomized controlled trial. The study's design acknowledges the limitations of the current quasi-experimental approach, including the anticipated sample size and the absence of a control group, and aims to provide a foundational understanding for future research in this field. TRIAL REGISTRATION Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00032308; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00032308. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/51085.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Zimmermann
- Institute for Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Samuel Tomczyk
- Institute for Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Wang H, Du H, Guan Y, Zhong J, Li N, Pan J, Yu M. Association Between Frequency of Muscle-Strengthening Exercise and Depression Symptoms Among Middle and High School Students: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e50996. [PMID: 38630529 DOI: 10.2196/50996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing literature on the association between the frequency of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) and depression among adolescents is limited and contradictory. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the association of MSE frequency with depression symptoms among middle and high school students in China. METHODS A total of 27,070 students in grades 7-12 from 376 middle and high schools were surveyed using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire between April and June 2022. Information on engaging in MSE was self-reported, and depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Poisson regression was used to examine the association between MSE frequency and depression symptoms. RESULTS Among the 27,006 eligible students, 51.6% (n=13,933) were boys, and the mean age was 15.6 (SD 1.7) years. The overall prevalence of meeting MSE recommendations (ie, engaging in MSE ≥3 days/week) was 34.6% (95% CI 32.6%-36.6%; n=9145); the prevalence was higher in boys (43.8%, 95% CI 41.8%-45.8%; 6067/13,933) than in girls (24.3%, 95% CI 22%-26.6%; 3078/13,073; P<.001). A total of 5882 (21.8%) students reported having depression symptoms. After adjustment for sociodemographic status, lifestyle factors, academic performance, and experience of physical fighting, compared to students who did not engage in MSE, the prevalence ratios (PRs) for depression symptoms were 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99) for those engaging in MSE once a week, 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97) for 2 days/week, 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.96) for 3 days/week, 0.90 (95% CI 0.87-0.94) for 4 days/week, 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.93) for 5 days/week, 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.92) for 6 days/week, and 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.90) for 7 days/week, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of meeting MSE recommendations among Chinese adolescents is low. The frequency of MSE was inversely associated with depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yunqi Guan
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Pan
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Borfe L, Reuter CP, Bandeira PFR, Martins C, Brand C, Gaya AR. WEB OF TRANSFORMATIONS: impact of multicomponent intervention on the relationship between sociodemographic indicators, changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical markers in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Int J Environ Health Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38626243 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2341131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to analyze the relationships between changes after multicomponent intervention in sociodemographic indicators, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical markers in overweight/obese adolescents. Quasi-experimental study with 33 overweight/obese adolescents (17 in the intervention group (IG) and 16 in the control group (16)), in which the GI participated in the multicomponent intervention for 24 weeks. Sociodemographic indicators, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical markers were evaluated. Network analysis was performed using JASP software. In GI, the reduction in %BF proved to be the variable with greater connectivity and strength in the network compared to the control network. Changes in %BF were related to changes in ACR, BMI and leptin. It is concluded that the reduction in %BF is the most important variable in network relationships after the intervention, suggesting that the greater the reduction in %BF, the greater the effect on variables such as BMI, ACR and leptina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Borfe
- Human Movement Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Department of Health Sciences and the Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Clarice Martins
- Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Sports - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Caroline Brand
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- School of Physical Education and the Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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30
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Ridosh MM, Adams W, Driscoll CFB, Magaña F, Sawin KJ, Holmbeck GN. Trajectories of self-management and independence in youth with spina bifida: Family-related predictors of growth. Res Nurs Health 2024. [PMID: 38624254 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess family-related predictors of self-management trajectories in youth with spina bifida (SB). Participants with SB completed the Adolescent/Young Adult Self-Management and Independence Scale (AMIS II) interview across four time points. Family functioning, family-related stress, and perceived family support were assessed by multiple reporters and multiple methods. Growth in AMIS II total self-management and the AMIS II subscales (Condition and Independent Living) were estimated using linear mixed effect models as a function of family factors, after controlling for socio-demographic, condition-related, and neuropsychological variables that had been found to be significant predictors of self-management in prior studies. Model fit and parsimony were assessed using Akaike's information criterion (AIC). This diverse community sample included 99 respondents aged 18-27 years old. About half were female (52.5%) and White (52.5%); 15.2% were Black, and 32.3% were Hispanic/Latino. Observed family cohesion at baseline was associated with all self-management scales at age 18 (all p < 0.05). Growth in self-management was associated with parent-reported number of family stress events. For growth in total self-management, the best model included age, race/ethnicity, family income, shunt status, lesion level, neuropsychological function, observed family cohesion, and an age-by-number of family stress events interaction effect. The study findings suggested that family factors were important predictors of self-management trajectories, even after controlling for socio-demographic, condition-related, and neuropsychological covariates. Risk and protective factors identified in families of youth with SB can inform family-focused interventions for self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M Ridosh
- Family and Community Health Nursing Department, Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William Adams
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Colleen F B Driscoll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabiola Magaña
- Family and Community Health Nursing Department, Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen J Sawin
- Department of Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- School of Nursing, College of Health Professions and Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Grayson N Holmbeck
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Wu Y, Yan W, Wu Y, Peng K. Adaptation and validation of the Claremont Purpose Scale to measure Chinese adolescents' purpose in life. J Res Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38624104 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite purpose measures being developed for adolescents, quantitative research investigating purposes prior to late adolescence and in non-Western societies remains nascent. This study evaluated the psychometric soundness of the Claremont Purpose Scale among Chinese adolescents. An initial prestudy (n = 34) was conducted to ensure linguistic equivalence. Subsequently, Study 1 (n = 1691) assessed the scale's reliability and factor structure, also investigating its functional equivalence across gender, adolescence stages, and language versions at the item level. Study 2 (n = 7842) investigated the scale's construct, convergent, predictive, and incremental validity, as well as tested for the scale's measurement invariance across different groups at the scale level. The results support the scale's use as a tool for researchers and practitioners to understand and cultivate purpose in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Stanford Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Positive Psychology Research Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Weeden T, Garofalo R, Johnson AK, Schnall R, Cervantes M, Scherr T, Kuhns LM. Assessing Preferences for Long-Acting Injectable PrEP Among Young Adult Sexual Minority Men and Transgender Women. Acad Pediatr 2024:S1876-2859(24)00148-7. [PMID: 38631476 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission. However, oral PrEP uptake is low, particularly among sexual and gender minority youth who are vulnerable to HIV infection. Alternative methods of PrEP delivery, such as long-acting injectable (LAI) PrEP may overcome barriers and be preferred. However, attitudes and preferences of younger sexual and gender minorities towards LAI PrEP have not been well studied. The purpose of this study is to describe preferences for initiating LAI PrEP among sexual and gender minority youth. METHODS We analyzed data collected as part of an HIV prevention randomized trial from January 2022 to February 2023, using multiple regression to identify factors associated with a preference for LAI PrEP. RESULTS The study sample (N=265) was 50% youth of color, mean age 25 years (SD=3.4, range=18-31), and primarily identified as gay (71%) and male (91%). 42% had heard of LAI PrEP and 31% preferred LAI PrEP over other prevention methods. In multiple regression analysis, LAI PrEP preference was associated with identifying as White, previous PrEP experience, and perceived LAI PrEP efficacy. DISCUSSION We conclude that gaps in awareness exist for LAI PrEP, however it may be preferred over other prevention methods especially in White youth, those with PrEP experience and higher perceptions of its efficacy. More education and outreach are needed to prevent extension of existing race/ethnicity disparities in use of oral daily PrEP to LAI PrEP. WHAT'S NEW Findings from this study suggest that awareness of LAI PrEP is low, however it may be preferred over other prevention methods especially in White youth, those with PrEP experience and higher perceptions of its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance Weeden
- Northwestern University, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert Garofalo
- Northwestern University, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amy K Johnson
- Northwestern University, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Marbella Cervantes
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas Scherr
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Lisa M Kuhns
- Northwestern University, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Chicago, IL.
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Ding Q, Zhou Y, Yu S, Cui X, Wang X, Li X. Familial genetic and environmental transmission of depression: A multi-informant twin family study. Psych J 2024. [PMID: 38618755 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of familial clustering in depression is well established, yet the mechanisms by which depression is transmitted within families remain poorly understood. In the current study, we investigate the familial genetic and environmental transmission of depression by incorporating data from both adolescent twins and their parents. A total of 987 twin families were recruited from the Beijing Twin Study. Depression assessments were conducted for both adolescents and their parents. Twins' depression was assessed through reports from both the twins themselves and their parents, while parental depression was assessed by parental self-report. We employed a nuclear twin family model to examine genetic and environmental influences on adolescent depression. Our results, based on both self- and parent-report, demonstrate significant additive and dominant genetic influences on depression. We also found mild yet significant sibling environmental influences, while familial environmental influences were absent. Notably, parent-reported depression showed higher heritability but lower unique environmental influences compared with self-reported depression. These results highlight the important role of genetic transmission and sibling environmental transmission in explaining depression. Our study delineates the underlying mechanism of familial transmission in depression and can inform early treatments to halt transmission during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuting Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ding K, Bear B, Sood E, Alderfer M, Crosby L, Hildenbrand AK. Disease-modifying therapies for sickle cell disease: Decisional needs and supports among adolescents and young adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024:e30999. [PMID: 38622789 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared decision-making is one promising solution to addressing barriers in use of disease-modifying therapies for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with sickle cell disease (SCD). A thorough understanding of decisional needs can guide the development of decisional supports and promote shared decision-making. PROCEDURE Informed by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF), we conducted a qualitative analysis to assess decisional needs and supports reported by AYAs with SCD, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with AYAs and their caregivers, and online crowdsourcing was used with SCD providers. Thematic and descriptive content analyses were used to summarize perspectives on decisional needs and supports regarding disease-modifying therapies. RESULTS Fourteen AYAs (Mage = 21 years, 57% male, 93% non-Hispanic Black, 79% HbSS), 11 caregivers (80% female, 100% non-Hispanic Black), and 40 healthcare providers (65% female, 65% non-Hispanic White, Myears in practice = 14.8 years, 75% physicians) participated. Thematic analysis revealed needs related to: decisional conflict, inadequate knowledge, unclear expectations, and inadequate supports and resources. Six forms of support emerged as important for decision-making: establishing an open and trusting patient/family-provider relationship, providing information, accepting ambivalence and unreadiness, supporting implementation of a decision, addressing inadequate health and social services, and promoting adequate social, emotional, and instrumental help. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess decisional needs and supports for AYAs with SCD considering disease-modifying therapies. Additional research is needed to examine which decision supports are the most impactful to promote effective shared decision-making in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Health, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Bear
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica Sood
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa Alderfer
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori Crosby
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aimee K Hildenbrand
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Health, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kim S, Casement MD. Promoting adolescent sleep and circadian function: A narrative review on the importance of daylight access in schools. Chronobiol Int 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38616310 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2341156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent sleep disturbances and circadian delays pose significant challenges to mood and daytime functioning. In this narrative review, we explore the impact of light on sleep and highlight the importance of monitoring and managing light exposure in adolescents throughout the day and night. The benefits of daylight exposure in mitigating sleep and circadian disruptions are well-established; however, interventions targeting access to daylight in adolescents remain understudied and underutilized. The primary aim of this narrative review is to bring attention to this gap in the literature and propose the need for institutional-level interventions that promote access to daylight, especially considering adolescents' early school start times and substantial time spent indoors on weekdays. School-led interventions, such as active commuting to school and outdoor curriculums, have promising effects on sleep and circadian rhythms. Additionally, practical measures to optimize natural light in classrooms, including managing blinds and designing conducive environments, should also be considered. While future studies are necessary to facilitate the implementation of interventions, the potential for these school-level interventions to support adolescent sleep health is evident. Aiming for integration of individual-level regulation and institutional-level intervention of light exposure is necessary for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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36
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DiFrancesco MW, Alsameen M, St-Onge MP, Duraccio KM, Beebe DW. Altered neuronal response to visual food stimuli in adolescents undergoing chronic sleep restriction. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad036. [PMID: 36805763 PMCID: PMC11009031 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Poor sleep in adolescents can increase the risk of obesity, possibly due to changes in dietary patterns. Prior neuroimaging evidence, mostly in adults, suggests that lacking sleep results in increased response to food cues in reward-processing brain regions. Needed is a clarification of the mechanisms by which food reward processing is altered by the kind of chronic sleep restriction (SR) typically experienced by adolescents. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of sleep duration on response to visual food stimuli in healthy adolescents using functional neuroimaging, hypothesizing increased reward processing response after SR compared to a well-rested condition. METHODS Thirty-nine healthy adolescents, 14-17 years old, completed a 3-week protocol: (1) sleep phase stabilization; (2) SR (~6.5 h nightly); and (3) healthy sleep (HS) duration (~9 h nightly). Participants underwent functional MRI while performing a visual food paradigm. Contrasts of food versus nonfood responses were compared within-subject between conditions of SR and HS. RESULTS Under SR, there was a greater response to food stimuli compared to HS in a voxel cluster including the left ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. No change in food appeal rating due to the sleep manipulation was detected. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of this study suggest that SR, as commonly experienced by healthy adolescents, results in the elevated dopaminergic drive of the reward network that may augment motivation to seek food in the context of individual food appeal and inhibitory profiles. Countermeasures that reduce food salience could include promoting consistent HS habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W DiFrancesco
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maryam Alsameen
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Sleep Center of Excellence and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara M Duraccio
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Cardoso S, Correia D, Vilela S. Associations between chronotype, diet quality and timing of energy intake in Portuguese children and adolescents: The potential role of summer holidays. Chronobiol Int 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38606916 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2339970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Later chronotypes may be associated with lower diet quality and later timing of energy intake in paediatric age. Period of data collection of these variables may affect these parameters and inter-relationship. We aimed to assess the cross-sectional association of chronotype with a diet quality score (HEI) and caloric midpoint (time of achieving 50% of total daily energy intake), considering summer holidays, using data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016 for 578 participants (6-14 years of age). Chronotype was estimated by the midpoint of sleep and categorized as Early, Intermediate and Late, using physical activity diaries, while outcomes using two food diaries/24 h recalls. Associations of chronotype with outcomes were assessed by linear regressions adjusted for sex, age, parental education (model 1), BMI, sports practice (model 2), and summer holidays (no/yes) (model 3). In model 2, a Late vs. Early chronotype was negatively associated with HEI (β ˆ = -0.74; 95% CI: -1.47, -0.07) and positively with caloric midpoint (β ˆ = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.69). However, associations lost significance in model 3. The association between chronotype and dietary habits may be benefit from being studied considering school terms and summer holidays. Future larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of summer holidays on this inter-relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cardoso
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Correia
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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Renick J, Turchi J. Power, Privilege, and Precarity: Attempts to Conduct Ethical Youth Participatory Action Research as Early Career Researchers. Health Educ Behav 2024:10901981241245058. [PMID: 38606966 DOI: 10.1177/10901981241245058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Though community-based participatory research (CBPR) boasts a robust history, challenges to conducting such work ethically and equitably remain. Common difficulties, such as addressing power dynamics and navigating mutuality, are heightened when doing participatory research with young people, specifically youth participatory action research (YPAR). Additional obstacles also emerge when engaging in such research as junior scholars, who lack tenure and occupy more precarious positions within academia. To elucidate these hurdles and illuminate the labor required to traverse them, we draw upon our experiences as early career academics facilitating YPAR projects with young people who have been historically marginalized. Employing an autoethnographic approach, we utilize qualitative data sources including field notes and reflective memos, from which three themes emerged after iterative rounds of reflection and review. Through descriptive vignettes, we unpack how we attended to positionality and power, interrogated shared benefit and mutuality, and engaged with the unique complexities of working with young people-as informed by our specific identities. In examining our experiences and their alignment with prior research, we aim to expand upon existing literature that has explored best practices within CBPR, but with a specific focus on youth-adult partnerships and consideration of the realities of junior scholars. It is our hope that this discussion will support early career researchers who wish to conduct YPAR but are unsure how to do so given their particular positionalities, by making visible the often-invisible work involved.
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Savastio S, Gorla C, Pozzi E, Castorani V, Di Tonno R, Scaramuzza AE, Colasanto A, Coïsson JD, Arlorio M, Ferrante D, Bonfanti R, Rabbone I. Extended Bolus Is No More Needed for Risotto Meal in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Using Automated Insulin Delivery System: A Cohort Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024:19322968241246205. [PMID: 38600836 DOI: 10.1177/19322968241246205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Gorla
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Erica Pozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Castorani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Pediatric Diabetes Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Hospital and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Tonno
- Pediatric Diabetes Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Hospital and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea E Scaramuzza
- ASST Cremona, Division of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cremona, Italy
| | - Antonio Colasanto
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Marco Arlorio
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Statistical Department, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonfanti
- Pediatric Diabetes Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Hospital and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Huntington C, DeJong W, Reidy DE, Orchowski LM. Community-Level Factors As Positive and Negative Correlates of Sexual Aggression Perpetration Among Adolescent Boys. J Child Sex Abus 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38605491 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2024.2340631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Often, perpetrators of sexual violence first aggress in their teens. Presently, very little is known about environmental factors that may influence adolescents' engagement in sexual aggression. Drawing upon data collected at 27 high schools in the Northeast United States, this study is the first to test the association between community-level factors and male adolescents' sexual aggression. A series of backward linear regressions determined that 10 of 19 community variables were associated with males' sexual aggression, which were then used to generate a ratio of positive to negative correlates of sexual aggression for each high school. In multilevel analyzes, as hypothesized, the ratio of positive to negative correlates was positively associated with schools' sexual aggression perpetration rates. We discuss the study's implications for future sexual assault research and prevention interventions.
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Li Y, Xu C, Ban Y, Xi W, Han Y, Zhang X, Gao L. Influence of health-related behaviors patterns on obesity among primary and secondary school students: A latent profile analysis. Public Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38602094 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the co-existing patterns of health-related behaviors among children and adolescents at different education stages and the association with obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE A total of 5651 primary and secondary school students were drawn from the National Student Physical Health Survey in 2014 with an average age of 13.53 ± 2.87 years. MEASUREMENTS Physical measurements and questionnaires were completed, which concluded height, weight, and health-related behaviors (sleep, physical activity, dietary, and screen behavior et al.). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using Mplus 8.3 and SPSS 26.0 was used for other statistical analysis. RESULTS Three latent classes of health-related behaviors were fitted for each of the education stages. After adjustment for age, gender, and region, the high-screen behavior group were 2.217 (95%CI = 1.030-4.772, p = .042) times more likely to be obesity than the health-behavior group in primary school, and the poor-diet group and poor-diet and high-screen behavior group were 2.101 (95%CI = 1.396-3.396, p < .001) and 1.788 (95%CI = 1.003-3.190, p = .049) times more likely to be overweight than the health-behavior group in junior middle school respectively. CONCLUSION Obesity is mainly influenced by screen behavior and dietary patterns among children and adolescents. Health-related behavior patterns should be accurately identified and comprehensive joint interventions should be carried out to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjing Ban
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Spinner H, Thompson KA, Bauman V, Lavender JM, Thorstad I, Schrag R, Sbrocco T, Schvey NA, Ford B, Ford C, Wilfley DE, Jorgensen S, Klein DA, Quinlan J, Yanovski JA, Haigney M, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Emotional dysregulation moderates the relation between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescent military dependents. Int J Eat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38600832 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent children of US service members (i.e., military-dependent youth) face unique stressors that increase risk for various forms of disinhibited eating, including emotional eating. Difficulties with adaptively responding to stress and aversive emotions may play an important role in emotional eating. This study examined emotion dysregulation as a potential moderator of the association between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescent military dependents. METHOD Participants were military-dependent youth (N = 163, 57.7% female, Mage = 14.5 ± 1.6, MBMI-z = 1.9 ± 0.4) at risk for adult binge-eating disorder and high weight enrolled in a randomized controlled prevention trial. Prior to intervention, participants completed questionnaires assessing perceived stress and emotional eating. Parents completed a questionnaire assessing their adolescent's emotion dysregulation. Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in SPSS and adjusted for theoretically relevant sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS The interaction between adolescent perceived stress and emotion dysregulation (parent-reported about the adolescent) in relation to adolescent emotional eating was found to be significant, such that higher emotion dysregulation magnified the association between perceived stress and emotional eating (p = .010). Examination of simple slopes indicated that associations between perceived stress and emotional eating were strongest for youth with above-average emotion dysregulation, and non-significant for youth with average or below-average emotion dysregulation. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that greater emotion dysregulation may increase risk for emotional eating in response to stress among military-dependent youth at risk for binge-eating disorder or high weight. Improving emotion regulation skills may be a useful target for eating disorder prevention among youth who are at risk for emotional eating. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Prior research has shown that adolescent military dependents are at increased risk for eating disorders and high weight. The current study found that emotion dysregulation moderated the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating among military-dependent youth. There may be clinical utility in intervening on emotion regulation for adolescent dependents at particular risk for emotional eating and subsequent eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Spinner
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine A Thompson
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Viviana Bauman
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabel Thorstad
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ruby Schrag
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tracy Sbrocco
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha A Schvey
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Ford
- Department of Family Medicine, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin Ford
- Department of Family Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA
| | - Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah Jorgensen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David A Klein
- Department of Family Medicine, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Quinlan
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Haigney
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Pang X, Lu H, He Q, Tang K, Ma J, Chen S, Huang J, Fang N, Xie H, Lan G, Liang S. Emergence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Among Children and Adolescents Undergoing Prolonged Antiretroviral Therapy in Guangxi. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024:S2213-7165(24)00065-1. [PMID: 38608935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been implemented in Guangxi for a long time, and no reports about HIV drug resistance mutation (DRM) among children and adolescents experiencing virological failure after ART. This study aimed to analyze HIV DRM prevalence, patterns, and influencing factors among children and adolescents experiencing virologic failure after ART in Guangxi. METHODS We collected samples from a total of 491 HIV-infected individuals under 18 years old experiencing virological failure after ART from 14 cities in Guangxi. Sequencing and DRM analysis were performed based on pol region. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analysis the influencing factors of DRM. RESULTS Among these patients, 396 cases were successfully sequenced. Of all, 52.53% exhibited HIV DRM, including NNRTI (48.48%), NRTI (34.85%) and PI (1.01%). NRTI and NNRTI dual-class resistance was prevalent (30.3%). M184V/I and K103N mutations were the common mutations in NRTI and NNRTI respectively. Men gender (aOR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.26-3.50), CRF01_AE subtype (OR=2.50, 95%CI: 1.02-5.88), the primary regimen 3TC+AZT+NVP (OR=10.00, 95%CI: 5.00-25.00), low pre-treatment CD4+ T lymphocytes (<200 cells/mm³) (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.00-3.45), and high viral load (> 1000 copies/ml) (OR=4.90, 95%CI: 1.03-23.39) shown higher risk of DRM. CONCLUSION HIV DRM is pervasive among children and adolescents experiencing virologic failure in Guangxi. Timely HIV DRM monitoring is crucial to mitigate major mutation accumulation and inform effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwu Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China; AIDS care clinic, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qin He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kailing Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Siya Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China; AIDS care clinic, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinghua Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ningye Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haomin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guanghua Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shujia Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Wall H, Hansson H, Zetterlind U, Kvillemo P, Elgán TH. Effectiveness of a Web-Based Individual Coping and Alcohol Intervention Program for Children of Parents With Alcohol Use Problems: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e52118. [PMID: 38598286 DOI: 10.2196/52118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children whose parents have alcohol use problems are at an increased risk of several negative consequences, such as poor school performance, an earlier onset of substance use, and poor mental health. Many would benefit from support programs, but the figures reveal that only a small proportion is reached by existing support. Digital interventions can provide readily accessible support and potentially reach a large number of children. Research on digital interventions aimed at this target group is scarce. We have developed a novel digital therapist-assisted self-management intervention targeting adolescents whose parents had alcohol use problems. This program aims to strengthen coping behaviors, improve mental health, and decrease alcohol consumption in adolescents. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a novel web-based therapist-assisted self-management intervention for adolescents whose parents have alcohol use problems. METHODS Participants were recruited on the internet from social media and websites containing health-related information about adolescents. Possible participants were screened using the short version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test-6. Eligible participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n=101) or the waitlist control group (n=103), and they were unblinded to the condition. The assessments, all self-assessed, consisted of a baseline and 2 follow-ups after 2 and 6 months. The primary outcome was the Coping With Parents Abuse Questionnaire (CPAQ), and secondary outcomes were the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), and Ladder of Life (LoL). RESULTS For the primary outcome, CPAQ, a small but inconclusive treatment effect was observed (Cohen d=-0.05 at both follow-up time points). The intervention group scored 38% and 46% lower than the control group on the continuous part of the AUDIT-C at the 2- and 6-month follow-up, respectively. All other between-group comparisons were inconclusive at either follow-up time point. Adherence was low, as only 24% (24/101) of the participants in the intervention group completed the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The findings were inconclusive for the primary outcome but demonstrate that a digital therapist-assisted self-management intervention may contribute to a reduction in alcohol consumption. These results highlight the potential for digital interventions to reach a vulnerable, hard-to-reach group of adolescents but underscore the need to develop more engaging support interventions to increase adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN41545712; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN41545712?q=ISRCTN41545712. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/1471-2458-12-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Wall
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Hansson
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulla Zetterlind
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Kvillemo
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias H Elgán
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hunt GR, Higgins DJ, Willis ML, Mathews B, Lawrence D, Meinck F, Pacella R, Thomas HJ, Scott JG, Erskine HE, Malacova E, Haslam DM. The Prevalence of Peer Sexual Harassment During Childhood in Australia. J Interpers Violence 2024:8862605241245368. [PMID: 38591149 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241245368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sexual harassment inflicted by adolescents on their peers is a major public health issue, but its prevalence across childhood is not known. We provide the first nationally representative data on the prevalence of peer sexual harassment across childhood, using cross-sectional data from the Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS). The ACMS surveyed 8,503 people aged 16 and over about their experiences of child maltreatment and associated health outcomes. The prevalence of peer sexual harassment was assessed using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ)-R2 Adapted Version (ACMS), with survey data weighted to reflect characteristics of the Australian population. Overall, 1 in 10 (10.4% (95% Confidence Intervals (CI) [9.7, 11.3])) Australians experienced peer sexual harassment during childhood. Peer sexual harassment is an issue disproportionately affecting gender-diverse individuals (24.0%, 95% CI [15.5, 35.2]) and women (15.3%, 95% CI [14.0, 16.7%]), compared to men (5.0%, 95% CI [4.3, 5.9]). Rates of peer sexual harassment were also very high among sexuality diverse participants (prevalence estimates ranging between 14.2% and 29.8%). Peer sexual harassment was predominately inflicted by male peers (9.6%, 95% CI [8.9, 10.4]), compared to 1.8% (95% CI [1.5, 2.2]) reporting harassment from female peers. These findings have implications for understanding and reducing attitudes supporting peer sexual harassment in childhood, particularly against girls and gender and sexuality diverse youth, and associations with other gendered violence both in childhood and later life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ben Mathews
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA
| | | | - Franziska Meinck
- University of Edinburgh, UK
- North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Hannah J Thomas
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Children's Health QLD, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Holly E Erskine
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Australia
| | - Eva Malacova
- QIMR Berghofer, Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Divna M Haslam
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Ellis D, Carcone AI, Templin T, Evans M, Weissberg-Benchell J, Buggs-Saxton C, Boucher-Berry C, Miller JL, Drossos T, Dekelbab MB. Moderating Effect of Depression on Glycemic Control in an eHealth Intervention Among Black Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Findings From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Diabetes 2024; 9:e55165. [PMID: 38593428 DOI: 10.2196/55165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk for suboptimal diabetes health outcomes; however, evidence-based interventions for this population are lacking. Depression affects a high percentage of youth with T1D and increases the likelihood of health problems associated with diabetes. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to test whether baseline levels of depression moderate the effects of a brief eHealth parenting intervention delivered to caregivers of young Black adolescents with T1D on youths' glycemic control. METHODS We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial at 7 pediatric diabetes clinics located in 2 large US cities. Participants (N=149) were allocated to either the intervention group or a standard medical care control group. Up to 3 intervention sessions were delivered on a tablet computer during diabetes clinic visits over a 12-month period. RESULTS In a linear mixed effects regression model, planned contrasts did not show significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for intervention adolescents compared to controls. However, adolescents with higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms who received the intervention had significantly greater improvements in HbA1c levels at 6-month follow-up (0.94%; P=.01) and 18-month follow-up (1.42%; P=.002) than those with lower levels of depression. Within the intervention group, adolescents had a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c levels from baseline at 6-month and 18-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A brief, culturally tailored eHealth parenting intervention improved health outcomes among Black adolescents with T1D and depressive symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03168867; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03168867.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Ellis
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - April Idalski Carcone
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Thomas Templin
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Meredyth Evans
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Colleen Buggs-Saxton
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Claudia Boucher-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois School of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tina Drossos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ferrari A, Perillo T, Maria Milano G, Silva M, Rutigliano C, Salvo A, Livellara V, Conte M, Coccoli L, Amore E, Pierobon M, Vietina F, Pagani Bagliacca E, Spinelli M, Speranza Massei M, Massetti V, Legnani E, Puglisi I, Zucchetti G, Quarello P. The power of art and the powers of adolescents with cancer: Age-specific projects at Italian pediatric oncology centers. Tumori 2024:3008916241245005. [PMID: 38591573 DOI: 10.1177/03008916241245005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the oncology programs developed in Italy for adolescents and young adults with cancer, with a specific focus on the local projects created in pediatric oncology centers. A common feature of such projects is the emphasis on creative and artistic activities and laboratories (involving music, photography, novel writing, fashion design, and so on) designed to give young patients innovative means of expression.This article highlights the amazing powers of adolescents involved in these projects: the power to produce beautiful things in a place that is not normally associated with the idea of beauty; the power to make their doctors smile and grasp the profound sense of life; the power to make hospitals become places for producing culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Perillo
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Silva
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Rutigliano
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Hematology/Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Virginia Livellara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Conte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Coccoli
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Amore
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Pierobon
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Vietina
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Pagani Bagliacca
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Spinelli
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Speranza Massei
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Massetti
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Legnani
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puglisi
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Zucchetti
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Quarello
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy
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Vidal C, Kezar A, Platt R, Owczarzak J, Hammond CJ. School-Based Screening and Brief Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use With Telehealth-Delivered Case Consultation and Education. Subst Use Addctn J 2024:29767342241241399. [PMID: 38591813 DOI: 10.1177/29767342241241399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is a public health framework for addressing adolescent substance use. Implementation of SBIRT in schools carries the potential to improve substance use treatment access and service acceptance for students, but faces barriers related to knowledge deficits, low comfort, and lack of training in screening and brief interventions among school-based mental health (SBMH) providers. This report describes the development and acceptability evaluation of a school-based SBIRT program designed to overcome common implementation barriers of SBIRT related to provider confidence, knowledge, and training deficits by supplementing the traditional model with telehealth-delivered addiction consultation and education (ACE). METHODS Program components include core SBIRT trainings, telehealth-delivered ACE sessions, and outreach support for SBMH providers. Each ACE session included a didactic expert presentation on a clinical topic and a provider-presented patient case with discussion. Sessions were delivered using a Project ECHO-based hub-and-spoke format with monthly 1-hour virtual meetings. Interviews and surveys with SBMH providers on substance use screening and intervention practices and perceived barriers were used to inform program design choices and tailor the curriculum. Acceptability data were collected at 9 months. RESULTS SBMH provider participants reported increased confidence, knowledge, and evidence-based screening and early intervention practices, and high acceptability, satisfaction, and benefit from the program. Ongoing barriers to referral to treatment were reported. CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests that supplementing traditional SBIRT with telehealth-delivered ACE sessions can address common implementation barriers and serve as a scalable model to improve SBIRT adoption in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Vidal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annastasia Kezar
- School-Based Mental Health Program, Community Psychiatry Program, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rheanna Platt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill Owczarzak
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wittlin NM, Gallagher NM, Olson KR. Gender identity importance in cisgender and gender diverse adolescents in the US and Canada. Br J Dev Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38591552 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Transgender adolescents often categorize themselves in the same way that cisgender adolescents do-that is, as girls/women and boys/men. Potential differences in the extent to which these self-categorizations matter to transgender and cisgender adolescents, however, have yet to be explored, as has the relative importance transgender adolescents place on their gender compared to their transgender self-categorization. In the current study, we explored self-reported identity importance in a sample of 392 primarily White (70%) and multiracial/ethnic (20%) 12-18-year-old (M = 15.02) binary transgender (n = 130), binary cisgender (n = 236), and nonbinary (n = 26) adolescents in the United States and Canada. Results revealed that binary transgender adolescents considered their gender self-categorization to be more important to them than both binary cisgender and nonbinary adolescents did. Most binary transgender adolescents rated their gender self-categorization as maximally important to them. Additionally, transgender adolescents considered their gender self-categorization to be more important to them than their transgender self-categorization (that is, their identification with the label "transgender"). These findings demonstrate that the identities that are often denied to binary transgender adolescents may be the very identities that are most important to them. Results also suggest that gender diverse adolescents with different gender identities may differ in the importance they place on these identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Wittlin
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Kristina R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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50
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Reis M, Teixeira A, Cardoso J, Borges T, Caldas Afonso A, Correia-Costa L. Association between proinflammatory cytokines and arterial stiffness in type 1 diabetic adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 0:jpem-2023-0530. [PMID: 38592062 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system, which is regulated by several proinflammatory cytokines and other acute-phase reactants. Arterial stiffness, a dynamic property of the vessels evaluated by the determination of pulse wave velocity (PWV), is increased in diabetic patients and is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes and higher cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we aimed to compare the proinflammatory state and arterial stiffness in diabetic and non-diabetic adolescents, and to characterize the association between these two parameters. METHODS Twenty-three type 1 diabetic patients, aged 12-16 years, followed at a tertiary center, and 23 adolescents nonoverweighted healthy controls, from a Portuguese birth-cohort, were included in the present analysis. Anthropometry, blood pressure, glycemic control data, and lipid parameters were collected. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Proinflammatory cytokines' concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF) were quantified by multiplex immunoassays using a Luminex 200 analyzer. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the proinflammatory cytokines' concentrations in the two groups. PWV [6.63 (6.23-7.07) vs. 6.07 (5.15-6.65) m/s, p=0.015] was significantly higher in the diabetic group. PWV was negatively correlated with GM-CSF (ρ=-0.437, p=0.037) in the diabetic group. A linear association was found between diabetes duration and PWV (with PWV increasing by 0.094 m/s (95 % confidence interval, 0.019 to 0.169) per month of disease duration). In the diabetic group, HbA1c was negatively correlated with IL-10 (ρ=-0.473, p=0.026). Negative correlations were also found between IL-10 and total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol only in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic adolescent patients present higher PWV, when compared to their healthy counterparts, even though we could not find differences in the levels of several proinflammatory cytokines between the two groups. The negative correlation found between IL-10 and HbA1c might translate a protective counterbalance effect of this anti-inflammatory cytokine, which might also explain the negative correlations found with blood lipids. Further studies are needed to better clarify the association between arterial stiffness and the proinflammatory milieu of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 89239 Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- 522166 Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António , Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teixeira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, 522166 Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Cardoso
- Division of Pediatrics, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 89239 Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 89239 Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, 522166 Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CAC ICBAS-CHP - Centro Académico Clínico Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 89239 Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, 522166 Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CAC ICBAS-CHP - Centro Académico Clínico Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
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