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Clain J, Couret D, Bringart M, Lecadieu A, Meilhac O, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Diotel N. Metabolic disorders exacerbate the formation of glial scar after stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38576159 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are risk factors for stroke exacerbating subsequent complications. Rapidly after brain injury, a glial scar forms, preventing excessive inflammation and limiting axonal regeneration. Despite the growing interest in wound healing following brain injury, the formation of a glial scar in the context of metabolic disorders is poorly documented. In this study, we used db/db mice to investigate the impact of metabolic perturbations on brain repair mechanisms, with a focus on glial scarring. First, we confirmed the development of obesity, poor glucose regulation, hyperglycaemia and liver steatosis in these mice. Then, we observed that 3 days after a 30-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), db/db mice had larger infarct area compared with their control counterparts. We next investigated reactive gliosis and glial scar formation in db/+ and db/db mice. We demonstrated that astrogliosis and microgliosis were exacerbated 3 days after stroke in db/db mice. Furthermore, we also showed that the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (i.e., chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, collagen IV and tenascin C) was increased in db/db mice. Consequently, we demonstrated for the first time that metabolic disorders impair reactive gliosis post-stroke and increase ECM deposition. Given that the damage size is known to influence glial scar, this study now raises the question of the direct impact of hyperglycaemia/obesity on reactive gliosis and glia scar. It paves the way to promote the development of new therapies targeting glial scar formation to improve functional recovery after stroke in the context of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Clain
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Pierre, France
| | - David Couret
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Pierre, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Matthieu Bringart
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Arnaud Lecadieu
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Pierre, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Pierre, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Pierre, France
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Chae U, Chun H, Lim J, Shin H, Smith WC, Choi JW, Park KD, Lee CJ, Cho IJ. KDS2010, a reversible MAO-B inhibitor, extends the lifetime of neural probes by preventing glial scar formation. Glia 2024; 72:748-758. [PMID: 38200694 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Implantable neural probes have been extensively utilized in the fields of neurocircuitry, systems neuroscience, and brain-computer interface. However, the long-term functionality of these devices is hampered by the formation of glial scar and astrogliosis at the surface of electrodes. In this study, we administered KDS2010, a recently developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor, to mice through ad libitum drinking in order to prevent glial scar formation and astrogliosis. The administration of KDS2010 allowed long-term recordings of neural signals with implantable devices, which remained stable over a period of 6 months and even restored diminished neural signals after probe implantation. KDS2010 effectively prevented the formation of glial scar, which consists of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia around the implant. Furthermore, it restored neural activity by disinhibiting astrocytic MAO-B dependent tonic GABA inhibition induced by astrogliosis. We suggest that the use of KDS2010 is a promising approach to prevent glial scar formation around the implant, thereby enabling long-term functionality of neural devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uikyu Chae
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Chun
- Yonsei-SLBigen Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyogeun Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wesley Charles Smith
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ambrin G, Kang YJ, Van Do K, Lee C, Singh BR, Cho H. Botulinum Neurotoxin Induces Neurotoxic Microglia Mediated by Exogenous Inflammatory Responses. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305326. [PMID: 38342616 PMCID: PMC11022717 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used in therapeutics and cosmetics. The effects of multi-dosed BoNT/A treatment are well documented on the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but much less is known on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, the mechanism of multi-dosed BoNT/A leading to CNS neurodegeneration is explored by using the 3D human neuron-glia model. BoNT/A treatment reduces acetylcholine, triggers astrocytic transforming growth factor beta, and upregulates C1q, C3, and C5 expression, inducing microglial proinflammation. The disintegration of the neuronal microtubules is escorted by microglial nitric oxide, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 8. The microglial proinflammation eventually causes synaptic impairment, phosphorylated tau (pTau) aggregation, and the loss of the BoNT/A-treated neurons. Taking a more holistic approach, the model will allow to assess therapeutics for the CNS neurodegeneration under the prolonged use of BoNT/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghuncha Ambrin
- School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA92093USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaCharlotteNC28223USA
| | - You Jung Kang
- Institute Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Khanh Van Do
- Institute Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaCharlotteNC28223USA
| | - Bal Ram Singh
- Botulinum Research Center, Institute of Advanced SciencesDartmouthMA02747USA
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
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Bhuiyan MIH, Habib K, Sultan MT, Chen F, Jahan I, Weng Z, Rahman MS, Islam R, Foley LM, Hitchens TK, Deng X, Canna SW, Sun D, Cao G. SPAK inhibitor ZT-1a attenuates reactive astrogliosis and oligodendrocyte degeneration in a mouse model of vascular dementia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14654. [PMID: 38433018 PMCID: PMC10909630 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrogliosis and white matter lesions (WML) are key characteristics of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying VCID remain poorly understood. Stimulation of Na-K-Cl cotransport 1 (NKCC1) and its upstream kinases WNK (with no lysine) and SPAK (the STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) play a role in astrocytic intracellular Na+ overload, hypertrophy, and swelling. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the effect of SPAK inhibitor ZT-1a on pathogenesis and cognitive function in a mouse model of VCID induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). METHODS Following sham or BCAS surgery, mice were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle (DMSO) or SPAK inhibitor ZT-1a treatment regimen (days 14-35 post-surgery). Mice were then evaluated for cognitive functions by Morris water maze, WML by ex vivo MRI-DTI analysis, and astrogliosis/demyelination by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. RESULTS Compared to sham control mice, BCAS-Veh mice exhibited chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and memory impairments, accompanied by significant MRI DTI-detected WML and oligodendrocyte (OL) death. Increased activation of WNK-SPAK-NKCC1-signaling proteins was detected in white matter tissues and in C3d+ GFAP+ cytotoxic astrocytes but not in S100A10+ GFAP+ homeostatic astrocytes in BCAS-Veh mice. In contrast, ZT-1a-treated BCAS mice displayed reduced expression and phosphorylation of NKCC1, decreased astrogliosis, OL death, and WML, along with improved memory functions. CONCLUSION BCAS-induced upregulation of WNK-SPAK-NKCC1 signaling contributes to white matter-reactive astrogliosis, OL death, and memory impairment. Pharmacological inhibition of the SPAK activity has therapeutic potential for alleviating pathogenesis and memory impairment in VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Iqbal H. Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative DisordersUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemGeriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Khadija Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Md Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zhongfang Weng
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Md Shamim Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | | | - Lesley M. Foley
- Animal Imaging CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - T. Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Scott W. Canna
- Department of Pediatric RheumatologyThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative DisordersUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemGeriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemGeriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Ishibashi K. Clinical application of MAO-B PET using 18F-THK5351 in neurological disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24 Suppl 1:31-43. [PMID: 37973072 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is an enzyme localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and highly concentrated in astrocytes. Temporal changes in regional MAO-B levels can be used as an index of astrocytic proliferation, known as activated astrocytes or astrogliosis. MAO-B is a marker to evaluate the degree of astrogliosis. Therefore, MAO-B positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technique for visualizing and quantifying ongoing astrogliosis through the estimate of regional MAO-B levels. Each neurodegenerative disorder generally has a characteristic distribution pattern of astrogliosis secondary to neuronal loss and pathological protein aggregation. Therefore, by imaging astrogliosis, MAO-B PET can be used as a neurodegeneration marker for identifying degenerative lesions. Any inflammation in the brain usually accompanies astrogliosis starting from an acute phase to a chronic phase. Therefore, by imaging astrogliosis, MAO-B PET can be used as a neuroinflammation marker for identifying inflammatory lesions. MAO-B levels are high in gliomas originating from astrocytes but low in lymphoid tumors. Therefore, MAO-B PET can be used as a brain tumor marker for identifying astrocytic gliomas by imaging MAO-B levels and distinguishing between astrocytic and lymphoid tumors. This review summarizes the clinical application of MAO-B PET using 18F-THK5351 as markers for neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and brain tumors in neurological disorders. Because we assume that MAO-B PET is clinically applied to an individual patient, we focus on visual inspection of MAO-B images at the individual patient level. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 31-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishibashi
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Research, Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Marcellus KA, Bugiel S, Nunnikhoven A, Curran I, Gill SS. Polystyrene Nano- and Microplastic Particles Induce an Inflammatory Gene Expression Profile in Rat Neural Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes In Vitro. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:429. [PMID: 38470760 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are considered an emerging environmental pollutant due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. However, the potential impact of microplastics on human health warrants further research. Recent studies have reported neurobehavioral and neurotoxic effects in marine and rodent models; however, their impact on the underlying cellular physiology in mammals remains unclear. Herein, we exposed neural stem cells and neural stem cell-derived astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons to various sizes and concentrations of polystyrene nano- and microplastics. We investigated their cellular uptake, impact on cytotoxicity, and alteration of gene expression through transcriptome profiling. The cell type most affected by decreased viability were astrocytes after 7 days of repeated exposure. Transcriptional analysis showed that 1274 genes were differentially expressed in astrocytes exposed to 500 nm microplastics, but only 531 genes were altered in astrocytes exposed to 50 nm nanoplastics. Both canonical pathway and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that upregulated pathways were involved in neuroinflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, cell migration, proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cytoskeleton structures. The downregulated pathways were involved in lipid metabolism, specifically fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol metabolism. Our results show that neural stem cell-derived astrocytes repeatedly exposed to nano- and microplastics for 7 days undergo changes that are hallmarks of astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Marcellus
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Steven Bugiel
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrée Nunnikhoven
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ivan Curran
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Santokh S Gill
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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Thumu SCR, Jain M, Soman S, Das S, Verma V, Nandi A, Gutmann DH, Jayaprakash B, Nair D, Clement JP, Marathe S, Ramanan N. SRF-deficient astrocytes provide neuroprotection in mouse models of excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. eLife 2024; 13:e95577. [PMID: 38289036 PMCID: PMC10857791 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a common pathological hallmark of CNS injury, infection, and neurodegeneration, where reactive astrocytes can be protective or detrimental to normal brain functions. Currently, the mechanisms regulating neuroprotective astrocytes and the extent of neuroprotection are poorly understood. Here, we report that conditional deletion of serum response factor (SRF) in adult astrocytes causes reactive-like hypertrophic astrocytes throughout the mouse brain. These SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes do not affect neuron survival, synapse numbers, synaptic plasticity or learning and memory. However, the brains of Srf knockout mice exhibited neuroprotection against kainic-acid induced excitotoxic cell death. Relevant to human neurodegenerative diseases, SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes abrogate nigral dopaminergic neuron death and reduce β-amyloid plaques in mouse models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Taken together, these findings establish SRF as a key molecular switch for the generation of reactive astrocytes with neuroprotective functions that attenuate neuronal injury in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Jain
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Sumitha Soman
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Soumen Das
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Vijaya Verma
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Arnab Nandi
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | | | - Deepak Nair
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Swananda Marathe
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
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Yilmaz Sukranli Z, Korkmaz Bayram K, Mehmetbeyoglu E, Doganyigit Z, Beyaz F, Sener EF, Taheri S, Ozkul Y, Rassoulzadegan M. Trans Species RNA Activity: Sperm RNA of the Father of an Autistic Child Programs Glial Cells and Behavioral Disorders in Mice. Biomolecules 2024; 14:201. [PMID: 38397438 PMCID: PMC10886764 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we described the alteration of six miRNAs in the serum of autistic children, their fathers, mothers, siblings, and in the sperm of autistic mouse models. Studies in model organisms suggest that noncoding RNAs participate in transcriptional modulation pathways. Using mice, approaches to alter the amount of RNA in fertilized eggs enable in vivo intervention at an early stage of development. Noncoding RNAs are very numerous in spermatozoa. Our study addresses a fundamental question: can the transfer of RNA content from sperm to eggs result in changes in phenotypic traits, such as autism? To explore this, we used sperm RNA from a normal father but with autistic children to create mouse models for autism. Here, we induced, in a single step by microinjecting sperm RNA into fertilized mouse eggs, a transcriptional alteration with the transformation in adults of glial cells into cells affected by astrogliosis and microgliosis developing deficiency disorders of the 'autism-like' type in mice born following these manipulations. Human sperm RNA alters gene expression in mice, and validates the possibility of non-Mendelian inheritance in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Yilmaz Sukranli
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Keziban Korkmaz Bayram
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Histology and Embryology Department, Medical Faculty, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66700, Turkey
| | - Feyzullah Beyaz
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Elif Funda Sener
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- The National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, 06000 Nice, France
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Zhao C, Zhou T, Li M, Liu J, Zhao X, Pang Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Ma L, Li W, Yao X, Feng S. Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:434-439. [PMID: 37488908 PMCID: PMC10503625 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis. However, whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown. In this study, we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor Moder III and performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days. Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord. RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway. Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord. Taken together, these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway, thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiangang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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10
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Fontana IC, Kumar A, Okamura N, Nordberg A. Multitracer Approach to Understanding the Complexity of Reactive Astrogliosis in Alzheimer's Brains. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:328-336. [PMID: 38133820 PMCID: PMC10797624 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) selective positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [11C]-deuterium-l-deprenyl holds promise for imaging reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two novel PET tracers ([11C]-BU99008 and [18F]-SMBT-1) have recently been developed to assess the complexity of reactive astrogliosis in the AD continuum. We have investigated the binding properties of SMBT-1, l-deprenyl, and BU99008 in AD and cognitively normal control (CN) brains. Competition binding assays with [3H]-l-deprenyl and [3H]-BU99008 versus unlabeled SMBT-1 in postmortem AD and CN temporal and frontal cortex brains demonstrated that SMBT-1 interacted with [3H]-deprenyl at a single binding site (nM range) and with [3H]-BU99008 at multiple binding sites (from nM to μM). Autoradiography studies on large frozen postmortem AD and CN hemisphere brain sections demonstrated that 1 μM SMBT-1 almost completely displaced the [3H]-l-deprenyl binding (>90%), while SMBT-1 only partly displaced the [3H]-BU99008 binding (50-60% displacement) in cortical regions. In conclusion, SMBT-1, l-deprenyl, and BU99008 interact at the same MAO-B binding site, while BU99008 shows an additional independent binding site in AD and CN brains. The high translational power of our studies in human AD and CN brains suggests that the multitracer approach with SMBT-1, l-deprenyl, and BU99008 could be useful for imaging reactive astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C. Fontana
- Division
of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division
of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Department
of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division
of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme
Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University
Hospital, S-141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Gargas J, Janowska J, Gebala P, Maksymiuk W, Sypecka J. Reactive Gliosis in Neonatal Disorders: Friend or Foe for Neuroregeneration? Cells 2024; 13:131. [PMID: 38247822 PMCID: PMC10813898 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to the influence of pathophysiological clues and injuries in the perinatal period. Astrocytes are among the first cells that react to insults against the nervous tissue, the presence of pathogens, misbalance of local tissue homeostasis, and a lack of oxygen and trophic support. Under this background, it remains uncertain if induced astrocyte activation, recognized as astrogliosis, is a friend or foe for progressing neonatal neurodevelopment. Likewise, the state of astrocyte reactivity is considered one of the key factors discriminating between either the initiation of endogenous reparative mechanisms compensating for aberrations in the structures and functions of nervous tissue or the triggering of neurodegeneration. The responses of activated cells are modulated by neighboring neural cells, which exhibit broad immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative properties by secreting a plethora of active compounds (including interleukins and chemokines, neurotrophins, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide synthase and complement components), which are engaged in cell crosstalk in a paracrine manner. As the developing nervous system is extremely sensitive to the influence of signaling molecules, even subtle changes in the composition or concentration of the cellular secretome can have significant effects on the developing neonatal brain. Thus, modulating the activity of other types of cells and their interactions with overreactive astrocytes might be a promising strategy for controlling neonatal astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.J.)
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12
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Pelkmans W, Shekari M, Brugulat‐Serrat A, Sánchez‐Benavides G, Minguillón C, Fauria K, Molinuevo JL, Grau‐Rivera O, González Escalante A, Kollmorgen G, Carboni M, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Suarez‐Calvet M, Gispert JD. Astrocyte biomarkers GFAP and YKL-40 mediate early Alzheimer's disease progression. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:483-493. [PMID: 37690071 PMCID: PMC10917053 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied how biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis mediate the pathogenic cascade in the earliest Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages. METHODS We performed path analysis on data from 384 cognitively unimpaired individuals from the ALzheimer and FAmilies (ALFA)+ study using structural equation modeling to quantify the relationships between biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis and the AD pathological cascade. RESULTS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 was associated with Aβ aggregation on positron emission tomography (PET) and with CSF p-tau181 , which was in turn directly associated with CSF neurofilament light (NfL). Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mediated the relationship between CSF Aβ42/40 and Aβ-PET, and CSF YKL-40 partly explained the association between Aβ-PET, p-tau181 , and NfL. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that reactive astrogliosis, as indicated by different fluid biomarkers, influences the pathogenic cascade during the preclinical stage of AD. While plasma GFAP mediates the early association between soluble and insoluble Aβ, CSF YKL-40 mediates the latter association between Aβ and downstream Aβ-induced tau pathology and tau-induced neuronal injury. HIGHLIGHTS Lower CSF Aβ42/40 was directly linked to higher plasma GFAP concentrations. Plasma GFAP partially explained the relationship between soluble Aβ and insoluble Aβ. CSF YKL-40 mediated Aβ-induced tau phosphorylation and tau-induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesje Pelkmans
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mahnaz Shekari
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Brugulat‐Serrat
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES)MadridSpain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez‐Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES)MadridSpain
| | - Carolina Minguillón
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES)MadridSpain
| | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES)MadridSpain
| | - Jose Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Lundbeck A/SCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Oriol Grau‐Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES)MadridSpain
| | - Armand González Escalante
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental HealthBiomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South LondonMaudsley NHS FoundationLondonUK
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of PsychiatryPsychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Marc Suarez‐Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
- Lundbeck A/SCopenhagenDenmark
- Servei de NeurologiaHospital del MarBarcelonaSpain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
- Lundbeck A/SCopenhagenDenmark
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de BioingenieríaBiomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN)MadridSpain
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Lee SH, Son HJ. Second Wave, Late-Stage Neuroinflammation in Cleared Brains of Aged 5xFAD Alzheimer's Mice Detected by Macrolaser Light Sheet Microscopy Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17058. [PMID: 38069392 PMCID: PMC10707588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study leverages the innovative imaging capabilities of macrolaser light-sheet microscopy to elucidate the 3D spatial visualization of AD-associated neuropathologic networks in the transparent brains of 44-week-old 5xFAD mice. Brain samples from ten AD and seven control mice were prepared through a hydrophilic tissue-clearing pipeline and immunostained with thioflavin S (β-amyloid), anti-CD11b antibody (microglia), and anti-ACSA-2 antibody (astrocytes). The 5xFAD group exhibited significantly higher average total surface volumes of β-amyloid accumulation than the control group (AD, 898,634,368 µm3 [383,355,488-1,324,986,752]; control, 33,320,178 µm3 [11,156,785-65,390,988], p = 0.0006). Within the AD group, there was significant interindividual and interindividual variability concerning the number and surface volume of individual amyloid particles throughout the entire brain. In the context of neuroinflammation, the 5xFAD group showed significantly higher average total surface volumes of anti-ACSA-2-labeled astrocytes (AD, 59,064,360 µm3 [27,815,500-222,619,280]; control, 20,272,722 µm3 [9,317,288-27,223,352], p = 0.0047) and anti-CD11b labeled microglia (AD, 51,210,100 µm3 [15,309,118-135,532,144]; control, 23,461,593 µm3 [14,499,170-27,924,110], p = 0.0162) than the control group. Contrary to the long-standing finding that early-stage neuroinflammation precedes the subsequent later-stage of neurodegeneration, our data reveal that the second wave, late-stage active neuroinflammation persists in the aged AD brains, even as they continue to show signs of ongoing neurodegeneration and significant amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joo Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dankook University Medical Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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14
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Meyer C, Grego E, S. Vasanthi S, Rao NS, Massey N, Holtkamp C, Huss J, Showman L, Narasimhan B, Thippeswamy T. The NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor, Mitoapocynin, Mitigates DFP-Induced Reactive Astrogliosis in a Rat Model of Organophosphate Neurotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2061. [PMID: 38136181 PMCID: PMC10740988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a primary mediator of superoxides, which promote oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation after diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) intoxication. Although orally administered mitoapocynin (MPO, 10 mg/kg), a mitochondrial-targeted NOX inhibitor, reduced oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in the periphery, its efficacy in the brain regions of DFP-exposed rats was limited. In this study, we encapsulated MPO in polyanhydride nanoparticles (NPs) based on 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy) hexane (CPH) and sebacic anhydride (SA) for enhanced drug delivery to the brain and compared with a high oral dose of MPO (30 mg/kg). NOX2 (GP91phox) regulation and microglial (IBA1) morphology were analyzed to determine the efficacy of MPO-NP vs. MPO-oral in an 8-day study in the rat DFP model. Compared to the control, DFP-exposed animals exhibited significant upregulation of NOX2 and a reduced length and number of microglial processes, indicative of reactive microglia. Neither MPO treatment attenuated the DFP effect. Neurodegeneration (FJB+NeuN) was significantly greater in DFP-exposed groups regardless of treatment. Interestingly, neuronal loss in DFP+MPO-treated animals was not significantly different from the control. MPO-oral rescued inhibitory neuronal loss in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Notably, MPO-NP and MPO-oral significantly reduced astrogliosis (absolute GFAP counts) and reactive gliosis (C3+GFAP). An analysis of inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir4.1) in astroglia revealed a significant reduction in the brain regions of the DFP+VEH group, but MPO had no effect. Overall, both NP-encapsulated and orally administered MPO had similar effects. Our findings demonstrate that MPO effectively mitigates DFP-induced reactive astrogliosis in several key brain regions and protects neurons in CA1, which may have long-term beneficial effects on spontaneous seizures and behavioral comorbidities. Long-term telemetry and behavioral studies and a different dosing regimen of MPO are required to understand its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Meyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.); (S.S.V.); (N.S.R.); (N.M.); (C.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Elizabeth Grego
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (E.G.); (B.N.)
| | - Suraj S. Vasanthi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.); (S.S.V.); (N.S.R.); (N.M.); (C.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Nikhil S. Rao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.); (S.S.V.); (N.S.R.); (N.M.); (C.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.); (S.S.V.); (N.S.R.); (N.M.); (C.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Claire Holtkamp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.); (S.S.V.); (N.S.R.); (N.M.); (C.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Joselyn Huss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.); (S.S.V.); (N.S.R.); (N.M.); (C.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Lucas Showman
- W.M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (E.G.); (B.N.)
| | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.); (S.S.V.); (N.S.R.); (N.M.); (C.H.); (J.H.)
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15
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Abey NO, Ebuehi OAT, Imaga NA. Effect of perinatal dietary protein deficiency on some neurochemicals and cytoarchitectural balance, in F1 and F2 generations of rats. Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37995096 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2285085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTProtein deficiency, characterized by an inadequate intake of protein in the diet that fails to meet the body's physiological requirements across various stages, can lead to detrimental outcomes. This is of interest due to the persistent low protein content in staple foods and suboptimal dietary patterns. The study sought to assess the intergenerational repercussions of dietary protein deficiency on specific neurochemicals and the cytoarchitecture of the brain within the F1 and F2 generations of rats. The rats were categorized into four groups based on the protein content percentage in their diets: 21% protein diet (21%PD), 10% protein diet (10%PD), 5% protein diet (5%PD), and control diet. Neurobehavior was assessed, while brain serotonin and dopamine levels were measured using HPLC. BDNF and GDNF expression in the hippocampal and prefrontal (PFC) sections, Immunohistochemical investigations of the morphological impact on the hippocampus and PFC, were also analyzed. The protein-deficient groups displayed anxiety, loss of striatal serotonin and increased dopamine levels, degenerated pyramidal cells in the hippocampus, and a prominent reduction in cellular density in the PFC. BDNF and GDNF levels in the PFC were reduced in the 5%PD group. GFAP astrocyte expression was observed to be increased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal sections, indicating heightened reactivity. The density of hypertrophied cells across generations further suggests the presence of neuroinflammation. Changes in brain structure, neurotransmitter levels, and neurotrophic factor levels may indicate intergenerational alterations in critical regions, potentially serving as indicators of the brain's adaptive response to address protein deficiency across successive generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosarieme Omoregie Abey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Osaretin Albert Taiwo Ebuehi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Awa Imaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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16
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Koshimori Y, Cusimano MD, Vieira EL, Rusjan PM, Kish SJ, Vasdev N, Moriguchi S, Boileau I, Chao T, Nasser Z, Ishrat Husain M, Faiz K, Braga J, Meyer JH. Astrogliosis marker 11C-SL25.1188 PET in traumatic brain injury with persistent symptoms. Brain 2023; 146:4469-4475. [PMID: 37602426 PMCID: PMC10629767 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common but little is known why up to a third of patients have persisting symptoms. Astrogliosis, a pathophysiological response to brain injury, may be a potential therapeutic target, but demonstration of astrogliosis in the brain of humans with TBI and persistent symptoms is lacking. Astroglial marker monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) total distribution volume (11C-SL25.1188 VT), an index of MAO-B density, was measured in 29 TBI and 29 similarly aged healthy control cases with 11C-SL25.1188 PET, prioritizing prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cortex proximal to cortical convexity. Correlations of PFC 11C-SL25.1188 VT with psychomotor and processing speed; and serum blood measures implicated in astrogliosis were determined. 11C-SL25.1188 VT was greater in TBI in PFC (P = 0.00064) and cortex (P = 0.00038). PFC 11C-SL25.1188 VT inversely correlated with Comprehensive Trail Making Test psychomotor and processing speed (r = -0.48, P = 0.01). In participants scanned within 2 years of last TBI, PFC 11C-SL25.1188 VT correlated with serum glial fibrillary acid protein (r = 0.51, P = 0.037) and total tau (r = 0.74, P = 0.001). Elevated 11C-SL25.1188 VT argues strongly for astrogliosis and therapeutics modifying astrogliosis towards curative phenotypes should be tested in TBI with persistent symptoms. Given substantive effect size, astrogliosis PET markers should be applied to stratify cases and/or assess target engagement for putative therapeutics targeting astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Koshimori
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Erica L Vieira
- Molecular Neurobiology and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
| | - Pablo M Rusjan
- Douglas Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kish
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
| | - Sho Moriguchi
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Thomas Chao
- Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Zahra Nasser
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - M Ishrat Husain
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Khunsa Faiz
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Joeffre Braga
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Dage JL, Eloyan A, Thangarajah M, Hammers DB, Fagan AM, Gray JD, Schindler SE, Snoddy C, Nudelman KNH, Faber KM, Foroud T, Aisen P, Griffin P, Grinberg LT, Iaccarino L, Kirby K, Kramer J, Koeppe R, Kukull WA, Joie RL, Mundada NS, Murray ME, Rumbaugh M, Soleimani-Meigooni DN, Toga AW, Touroutoglou A, Vemuri P, Atri A, Beckett LA, Day GS, Graff-Radford NR, Duara R, Honig LS, Jones DT, Masdeu JC, Mendez MF, Musiek E, Onyike CU, Riddle M, Rogalski E, Salloway S, Sha SJ, Turner RS, Wingo TS, Wolk DA, Womack KB, Carrillo MC, Dickerson BC, Rabinovici GD, Apostolova LG. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19 Suppl 9:S115-S125. [PMID: 37491668 PMCID: PMC10877673 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One goal of the Longitudinal Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) is to define the fluid biomarker characteristics of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, total tau (tTau), pTau181, VILIP-1, SNAP-25, neurogranin (Ng), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and YKL-40 were measured by immunoassay in 165 LEADS participants. The associations of biomarker concentrations with diagnostic group and standard cognitive tests were evaluated. RESULTS Biomarkers were correlated with one another. Levels of CSF Aβ42/40, pTau181, tTau, SNAP-25, and Ng in EOAD differed significantly from cognitively normal and early-onset non-AD dementia; NfL, YKL-40, and VILIP-1 did not. Across groups, all biomarkers except SNAP-25 were correlated with cognition. Within the EOAD group, Aβ42/40, NfL, Ng, and SNAP-25 were correlated with at least one cognitive measure. DISCUSSION This study provides a comprehensive analysis of CSF biomarkers in sporadic EOAD that can inform EOAD clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L. Dage
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ani Eloyan
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Maryanne Thangarajah
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Dustin B. Hammers
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Julia D. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Casey Snoddy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelly N. H. Nudelman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelley M. Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul Aisen
- Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Percy Griffin
- Medical & Scientific Relations Division, Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kala Kirby
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joel Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Koeppe
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Walter A. Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nidhi S Mundada
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Malia Rumbaugh
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alireza Atri
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Laurel A. Beckett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gregory S. Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Honig
- Taub Institute and Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David T. Jones
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph C. Masdeu
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist and Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mario F. Mendez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erik Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chiadi U. Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meghan Riddle
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sharon J. Sha
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Raymond S. Turner
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David A. Wolk
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle B. Womack
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maria C. Carrillo
- Medical & Scientific Relations Division, Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradford C. Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Mora P, Chapouly C. Astrogliosis in multiple sclerosis and neuro-inflammation: what role for the notch pathway? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254586. [PMID: 37936690 PMCID: PMC10627009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system leading to neurodegeneration. It affects 2.3 million people worldwide, generally younger than 50. There is no known cure for the disease, and current treatment options - mainly immunotherapies to limit disease progression - are few and associated with serious side effects. In multiple sclerosis, disruption of the blood-brain barrier is an early event in the pathogenesis of lesions, predisposing to edema, excito-toxicity and inflammatory infiltration into the central nervous system. Recently, the vision of the blood brain barrier structure and integrity has changed and include contributions from all components of the neurovascular unit, among which astrocytes. During neuro-inflammation, astrocytes become reactive. They undergo morphological and molecular changes named "astrogliosis" driving the conversion from acute inflammatory injury to a chronic neurodegenerative state. Astrogliosis mechanisms are minimally explored despite their significance in regulating the autoimmune response during multiple sclerosis. Therefore, in this review, we take stock of the state of knowledge regarding astrogliosis in neuro-inflammation and highlight the central role of NOTCH signaling in the process of astrocyte reactivity. Indeed, a very detailed nomenclature published in nature neurosciences in 2021, listing all the reactive astrocyte markers fully identified in the literature, doesn't cover the NOTCH signaling. Hence, we discuss evidence supporting NOTCH1 receptor as a central regulator of astrogliosis in the pathophysiology of neuro-inflammation, notably multiple sclerosis, in human and experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mora
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
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Díaz F, Aguilar F, Wellmann M, Martorell A, González-Arancibia C, Chacana-Véliz L, Negrón-Oyarzo I, Chávez AE, Fuenzalida M, Nualart F, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Bonansco C. Enhanced Astrocyte Activity and Excitatory Synaptic Function in the Hippocampus of Pentylenetetrazole Kindling Model of Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14506. [PMID: 37833953 PMCID: PMC10572460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. The interaction between astrocytes and neurons has been suggested to play a role in the abnormal neuronal activity observed in epilepsy. However, the exact way astrocytes influence neuronal activity in the epileptogenic brain remains unclear. Here, using the PTZ-induced kindling mouse model, we evaluated the interaction between astrocyte and synaptic function by measuring astrocytic Ca2+ activity, neuronal excitability, and the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the hippocampus. Compared to control mice, hippocampal slices from PTZ-kindled mice displayed an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels and an abnormal pattern of intracellular Ca2+-oscillations, characterized by an increased frequency of prolonged spontaneous transients. PTZ-kindled hippocampal slices also showed an increase in the E/I ratio towards excitation, likely resulting from an augmented release probability of excitatory inputs without affecting inhibitory synapses. Notably, the alterations in the release probability seen in PTZ-kindled slices can be recovered by reducing astrocyte hyperactivity with the reversible toxin fluorocitrate. This suggests that astroglial hyper-reactivity enhances excitatory synaptic transmission, thereby impacting the E/I balance in the hippocampus. Altogether, our findings support the notion that abnormal astrocyte-neuron interactions are pivotal mechanisms in epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Díaz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2580022, Chile
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Freddy Aguilar
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Mario Wellmann
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Andrés Martorell
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar 2561780, Chile
| | - Camila González-Arancibia
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Lorena Chacana-Véliz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrés E. Chávez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile;
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIOBIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (F.D.); (F.A.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (C.G.-A.); (L.C.-V.); (I.N.-O.); (M.F.)
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Custodio RJP, Hobloss Z, Myllys M, Hassan R, González D, Reinders J, Bornhorst J, Weishaupt AK, Seddek AL, Abbas T, Friebel A, Hoehme S, Getzmann S, Hengstler JG, van Thriel C, Ghallab A. Cognitive Functions, Neurotransmitter Alterations, and Hippocampal Microstructural Changes in Mice Caused by Feeding on Western Diet. Cells 2023; 12:2331. [PMID: 37759553 PMCID: PMC10529844 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. It is becoming increasingly evident that peripheral organ-centered inflammatory diseases, including liver diseases, are linked with brain dysfunctions. Therefore, this study aims to unravel the effect of MASLD on brain histology, cognitive functions, and neurotransmitters. For this purpose, mice fed for 48 weeks on standard (SD) or Western diet (WD) were evaluated by behavioral tests, followed by sacrifice and analysis of the liver-brain axis including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical analyses. Histological analysis of the liver showed features of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) in the WD-fed mice including lipid droplet accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. This was accompanied by an elevation of transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities, increase in inflammatory cytokine and bile acid concentrations, as well as altered amino acid concentrations in the blood. Interestingly, compromised blood capillary morphology coupled with astrogliosis and microgliosis were observed in brain hippocampus of the WD mice, indicating neuroinflammation or a disrupted neurovascular unit. Moreover, attention was impaired in WD-fed mice along with the observations of impaired motor activity and balance, enhanced anxiety, and stereotyped head-twitch response (HTR) behaviors. Analysis of neurotransmitters and modulators including dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and acetylcholine showed region-specific dysregulation in the brain of the WD-fed mice. In conclusion, the induction of MASH in mice is accompanied by the alteration of cellular morphology and neurotransmitter expression in the brain, associated with compromised cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raly James Perez Custodio
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Zaynab Hobloss
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Maiju Myllys
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Daniela González
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (J.B.); (A.-K.W.)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Weishaupt
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (J.B.); (A.-K.W.)
| | - Abdel-latif Seddek
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Tahany Abbas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Adrian Friebel
- Institute of Computer Science & Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Research (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Haertelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Hoehme
- Institute of Computer Science & Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Research (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Haertelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (R.J.P.C.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (J.R.); (S.G.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
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Gialeli A, Spaull R, Plösch T, Uney J, Llana OC, Heep A. The miRNA transcriptome of cerebrospinal fluid in preterm infants reveals the signaling pathways that promote reactive gliosis following cerebral hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1211373. [PMID: 37790884 PMCID: PMC10544345 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1211373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Haemorrhage (GM-IVH) is one of the most common neurological complications in preterm infants, which can lead to accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is a major cause of severe neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by GM-IVH are poorly understood. Analyzing the CSF that accumulates following IVH may allow the molecular signaling and intracellular communication that contributes to pathogenesis to be elucidated. Growing evidence suggests that miRs, due to their key role in gene expression, have a significant utility as new therapeutics and biomarkers. Methods The levels of 2,083 microRNAs (miRs) in 15 CSF samples from 10 infants with IVH were measured using miRNA whole transcriptome sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) and miR family analysis were used to uncover dysregulated signalling which were then validated in vitro in human foetal neural progenitor cells treated with IVH-CSF. Results Five hundred eighty-seven miRs were differentially expressed in the CSF extracted at least 2 months after injury, compared to CSF extracted within the first month of injury. GO uncovered key pathways targeted by differentially expressed miRs including the MAPK cascade and the JAK/STAT pathway. Astrogliosis is known to occur in preterm infants, and we hypothesized that this could be due to abnormal CSF-miR signaling resulting in dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway - a key controller of astrocyte differentiation. We then confirmed that treatment with IVH-CSF promotes astrocyte differentiation from human fetal NPCs and that this effect could be prevented by JAK/STAT inhibition. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the CSF/NPCs crosstalk following perinatal brain injury and reveal novel targets to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Gialeli
- School of Medicine and Health Science, Research Centre Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Robert Spaull
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Plösch
- School of Medicine and Health Science, Research Centre Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - James Uney
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Cordero Llana
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Heep
- School of Medicine and Health Science, Research Centre Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Krishnan V, Wu J, Mazumder AG, Kamen JL, Schirmer C, Adhyapak N, Bass JS, Lee SC, Maheshwari A, Molinaro G, Gibson JR, Huber KM, Minassian BA. Clinicopathologic Dissociation: Robust Lafora Body Accumulation in Malin KO Mice Without Observable Changes in Home-cage Behavior. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.11.557226. [PMID: 37745312 PMCID: PMC10515855 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Lafora Disease (LD) is a syndrome of progressive myoclonic epilepsy and cumulative neurocognitive deterioration caused by recessively inherited genetic lesions of EPM2A (laforin) or NHLRC1 (malin). Neuropsychiatric symptomatology in LD is thought to be directly downstream of neuronal and astrocytic polyglucosan aggregates, termed Lafora bodies (LBs), which faithfully accumulate in an age-dependent manner in all mouse models of LD. In this study, we applied home-cage monitoring to examine the extent of neurobehavioral deterioration in a model of malin-deficient LD, as a means to identify robust preclinical endpoints that may guide the selection of novel genetic treatments. At 6 weeks, ~6-7 months and ~12 months of age, malin deficient mice ("KO") and wild type (WT) littermates underwent a standardized home-cage behavioral assessment designed to non-obtrusively appraise features of rest/arousal, consumptive behaviors, risk aversion and voluntary wheel-running. At all timepoints, and over a range of metrics that we report transparently, WT and KO mice were essentially indistinguishable. In contrast, within WT mice compared across timepoints, we identified age-related nocturnal hypoactivity, diminished sucrose preference and reduced wheel-running. Neuropathological examinations in subsets of the same mice revealed expected age dependent LB accumulation, gliosis and microglial activation in cortical and subcortical brain regions. At 12 months of age, despite the burden of neocortical LBs, we did not identify spontaneous seizures during an electroencephalographic (EEG) survey, and KO and WT mice exhibited similar spectral EEG features. Using an in vitro assay of neocortical function, paroxysmal increases in network activity (UP states) in KO slices were more prolonged at 3 and 6 months of age, but were similar to WT at 12 months. KO mice displayed a distinct response to pentylenetetrazole, with a greater incidence of clonic seizures and a more pronounced post-ictal suppression of movement, feeding and drinking behavior. Together, these results highlight a stark clinicopathologic dissociation in a mouse model of LD, where LBs accrue substantially without clinically meaningful changes in overall wellbeing. Our findings allude to a delay between LB accumulation and neurobehavioral decline: one that may provide a window for treatment, and whose precise duration may be difficult to ascertain within the typical lifespan of a laboratory mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnav Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Arindam Ghosh Mazumder
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jessica L. Kamen
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Catharina Schirmer
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nandani Adhyapak
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - John Samuel Bass
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Samuel C. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Atul Maheshwari
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gemma Molinaro
- Department of Neuroscience University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jay R. Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kimberly M. Huber
- Department of Neuroscience University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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23
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Trotier A, Bagnoli E, Walski T, Evers J, Pugliese E, Lowery M, Kilcoyne M, Fitzgerald U, Biggs M. Micromotion Derived Fluid Shear Stress Mediates Peri-Electrode Gliosis through Mechanosensitive Ion Channels. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2301352. [PMID: 37518828 PMCID: PMC10520674 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of bioelectronic neural implant technologies has advanced significantly over the past 5 years, particularly in brain-machine interfaces and electronic medicine. However, neuroelectrode-based therapies require invasive neurosurgery and can subject neural tissues to micromotion-induced mechanical shear, leading to chronic inflammation, the formation of a peri-electrode void and the deposition of reactive glial scar tissue. These structures act as physical barriers, hindering electrical signal propagation and reducing neural implant functionality. Although well documented, the mechanisms behind the initiation and progression of these processes are poorly understood. Herein, in silico analysis of micromotion-induced peri-electrode void progression and gliosis is described. Subsequently, ventral mesencephalic cells exposed to milliscale fluid shear stress in vitro exhibited increased expression of gliosis-associated proteins and overexpression of mechanosensitive ion channels PIEZO1 (piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1) and TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1), effects further confirmed in vivo in a rat model of peri-electrode gliosis. Furthermore, in vitro analysis indicates that chemical inhibition/activation of PIEZO1 affects fluid shear stress mediated astrocyte reactivity in a mitochondrial-dependent manner. Together, the results suggest that mechanosensitive ion channels play a major role in the development of a peri-electrode void and micromotion-induced glial scarring at the peri-electrode region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Trotier
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Enrico Bagnoli
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Tomasz Walski
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWrocław University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50‐370Poland
| | - Judith Evers
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Madeleine Lowery
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Carbohydrate Signalling GroupDiscipline of MicrobiologyUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Una Fitzgerald
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Manus Biggs
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
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24
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Wang P, Anderson DE, Ye Y. PI3K-AKT activation resculpts integrin signaling to drive filamentous tau-induced proinflammatory astrogliosis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3253118. [PMID: 37674732 PMCID: PMC10479431 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3253118/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Microtubule-binding protein tau is a misfolding-prone protein associated with tauopathies. As tau undergoes cell-to-cell transmission, extracellular tau aggregates convert astrocytes into a pro-inflammatory state via integrin activation, causing them to release unknown neurotoxic factors. Results Here, we combine transcriptomics with isotope labeling-based quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of mouse primary astrocyte secretome to establish PI3K-AKT as a critical differentiator between pathogenic and physiological integrin activation; simultaneous activation of PI3K-AKT and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in tau fibril-treated astrocytes changes the output of integrin signaling, causing pro-inflammatory gene upregulation, trans-Golgi network restructuring, and altered secretory flow. Furthermore, NCAM1, as a proximal signaling component in tau-stimulated integrin and PI3K-AKT activation, facilitates the secretion of complement C3 as a main neurotoxic factor. Significantly, tau fibrils-associated astrogliosis and C3 secretion can be mitigated by FAK or PI3K inhibitors. Conclusions These findings reveal an unexpected function for PI3K-AKT in tauopathy-associated reactive astrogliosis, which may be a promising target for anti-inflammation-based Alzheimer's therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - D Eric Anderson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - Yihong Ye
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
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25
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Seidel F, Fluiter K, Kleemann R, Worms N, van Nieuwkoop A, Caspers MPM, Grigoriadis N, Kiliaan AJ, Baas F, Michailidou I, Morrison MC. Corrigendum: Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice develop neurodegeneration, age-dependent astrogliosis and obesity-induced changes in microglia immunophenotype which are partly reversed by complement component 5 neutralizing antibody. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1267913. [PMID: 37614912 PMCID: PMC10442933 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1267913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1205261.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Seidel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Center (PRIME), Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kees Fluiter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Worms
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita van Nieuwkoop
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martien P. M. Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2 Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amanda J. Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Center (PRIME), Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iliana Michailidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2 Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
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26
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Murphy S, Schmitt-John T, Dowling P, Henry M, Meleady P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of the brain from the wobbler mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reveals elevated levels of the astrogliosis marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:11555. [PMID: 37565261 PMCID: PMC10583141 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The wobbler mouse is a widely used model system of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and exhibits progressive neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in association with skeletal muscle wasting. This study has used wobbler brain preparations for the systematic and mass spectrometric determination of proteome-wide changes. The proteomic characterization of total protein extracts from wobbler specimens was carried out with the help of an Orbitrap mass spectrometer and revealed elevated levels of glia cell marker proteins, i.e., glial fibrillary acidic protein and the actin-binding protein coronin. In contrast, the abundance of the actin-binding protein neurabin and the scaffolding protein named piccolo of the presynaptic cytomatrix were shown to be reduced. The increased abundance of glial fibrillary acidic protein, which is frequently used in neuropathological studies as a marker protein of glial scar formation, was confirmed by immunoblotting. In analogy, the proteomic profiling of the brain from another established murine model of motor neuron disease, the SOD1mouse, also showed increased levels of this intermediate filament protein. This suggests that neurodegenerative processes are associated with astrogliosis in both the wobbler and SOD1 brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden.
| | | | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin.
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin.
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.
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27
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Varlamova EG, Plotnikov EY, Baimler IV, Gudkov SV, Turovsky EA. Pilot Study of Cytoprotective Mechanisms of Selenium Nanorods (SeNrs) under Ischemia-like Conditions on Cortical Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12217. [PMID: 37569591 PMCID: PMC10419292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoprotective properties of the trace element selenium, its nanoparticles, and selenium nanocomplexes with active compounds are shown using a number of models. To date, some molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of spherical selenium nanoparticles under the action of ischemia/reoxygenation on brain cells have been studied. Among other things, the dependence of the effectiveness of the neuroprotective properties of nanoselenium on its diameter, pathways, and efficiency of penetration into astrocytes was established. In general, most research in the field of nanomedicine is focused on the preparation and study of spherical nanoparticles of various origins due to the ease of their preparation; in addition, spherical nanoparticles have a large specific surface area. However, obtaining and studying the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles of a new form are of great interest since nanorods, having all the positive properties of spherical nanoparticles, will also have a number of advantages. Using the laser ablation method, we managed to obtain and characterize selenium nanorods (SeNrs) with a length of 1 μm and a diameter of 100 nm. Using fluorescence microscopy and inhibitory analysis, we were able to show that selenium nanorods cause the generation of Ca2+ signals in cortical astrocytes in an acute experiment through the mobilization of Ca2+ ions from the thapsigargin-sensitive pool of the endoplasmic reticulum. Chronic use of SeNrs leads to a change in the expression pattern of genes encoding proteins that regulate cell fate and protect astrocytes from ischemia-like conditions and reoxygenation through the inhibition of a global increase in the concentration of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i). An important component of the cytoprotective effect of SeNrs during ischemia/reoxygenation is the induction of reactive A2-type astrogliosis in astrocytes, leading to an increase in both baseline and ischemia/reoxygenation-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and suppression of necrosis and apoptosis. The key components of this cytoprotective action of SeNrs are the actin-dependent process of endocytosis of nanoparticles into cells and activation of the Ca2+ signaling system of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Baimler
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilovest., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.B.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilovest., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.B.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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28
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Xin W, Pan Y, Wei W, Tatenhorst L, Graf I, Popa-Wagner A, Gerner ST, Huber S, Kilic E, Hermann DM, Bähr M, Huttner HB, Doeppner TR. Preconditioned extracellular vesicles from hypoxic microglia reduce poststroke AQP4 depolarization, disturbed cerebrospinal fluid flow, astrogliosis, and neuroinflammation. Theranostics 2023; 13:4197-4216. [PMID: 37554272 PMCID: PMC10405850 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke stimulates reactive astrogliosis, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) depolarization and neuroinflammation. Preconditioned extracellular vesicles (EVs) from microglia exposed to hypoxia, in turn, reduce poststroke brain injury. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of such effects are elusive, especially with regards to inflammation, AQP4 polarization, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Methods: Primary microglia and astrocytes were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. For analyzing the role of AQP4 expression patterns under hypoxic conditions, a co-culture model of astrocytes and microglia was established. Further studies applied a stroke model, where some mice also received an intracisternal tracer infusion of rhodamine B. As such, these in vivo studies involved the analysis of AQP4 polarization, CSF flow, astrogliosis, and neuroinflammation as well as ischemia-induced brain injury. Results: Preconditioned EVs decreased periinfarct AQP4 depolarization, brain edema, astrogliosis, and inflammation in stroke mice. Likewise, EVs promoted postischemic CSF flow and cerebral blood perfusion, and neurological recovery. Under in vitro conditions, hypoxia stimulated M2 microglia polarization, whereas EVs augmented M2 microglia polarization and repressed M1 microglia polarization even further. In line with this, astrocytes displayed upregulated AQP4 clustering and proinflammatory cytokine levels when exposed to OGD, which was reversed by preconditioned EVs. Reduced AQP4 depolarization due to EVs, however, was not a consequence of unspecific inflammatory regulation, since LPS-induced inflammation in co-culture models of astrocytes and microglia did not result in altered AQP4 expression patterns in astrocytes. Conclusions: These findings show that hypoxic microglia may participate in protecting against stroke-induced brain damage by regulating poststroke inflammation, astrogliosis, AQP4 depolarization, and CSF flow due to EV release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Tatenhorst
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Irina Graf
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan T Gerner
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Huber
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hagen B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Hayden MR. Brain Injury: Response to Injury Wound-Healing Mechanisms and Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1337. [PMID: 37512148 PMCID: PMC10385746 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic genetic mechanisms are present in the brain and ready to be placed into action upon cellular injury, termed the response to injury wound-healing (RTIWH) mechanism. When injured, regional brain endothelial cells initially undergo activation and dysfunction with initiation of hemostasis, inflammation (peripheral leukocytes, innate microglia, and perivascular macrophage cells), proliferation (astrogliosis), remodeling, repair, and resolution phases if the injurious stimuli are removed. In conditions wherein the injurious stimuli are chronic, as occurs in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, this process does not undergo resolution and there is persistent RTIWH with remodeling. Indeed, the brain is unique, in that it utilizes its neuroglia: the microglia cell, along with peripheral inflammatory cells and its astroglia, instead of peripheral scar-forming fibrocytes/fibroblasts. The brain undergoes astrogliosis to form a gliosis scar instead of a fibrosis scar to protect the surrounding neuropil from regional parenchymal injury. One of the unique and evolving remodeling changes in the brain is the development of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVSs), which is the focus of this brief review. EPVSs are important since they serve as a biomarker for cerebral small vessel disease and also represent an impairment of the effluxing glymphatic system that is important for the clearance of metabolic waste from the interstitial fluid to the cerebrospinal fluid, and disposal. Therefore, it is important to better understand how the RTIWH mechanism is involved in the development of EPVSs that are closely associated with and important to the development of premature and age-related cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases with impaired cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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30
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Alam S, Afsar SY, Wolter MA, Volk LM, Mitroi DN, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, van Echten-Deckert G. S1P Lyase Deficiency in the Brain Promotes Astrogliosis and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via Purinergic Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:1844. [PMID: 37508508 PMCID: PMC10378183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are critical players in brain health and disease. Brain pathologies and lesions are usually accompanied by astroglial alterations known as reactive astrogliosis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) catalysis, the final step in sphingolipid catabolism, irreversibly cleaves its substrate sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). We have shown that neural ablation of SGPL1 causes accumulation of S1P and hence neuronal damage, cognitive deficits, as well as microglial activation. Moreover, the S1P/S1P-receptor signaling axis enhances ATP production in SGPL1-deficient astrocytes. Using immunohistochemical methods as well as RNA Seq and CUT&Tag we show how S1P signaling causes activation of the astrocytic purinoreceptor P2Y1 (P2Y1R). With specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, we uncover the P2Y1R as the key player in S1P-induced astrogliosis, and DDX3X mediated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, including caspase-1 and henceforward generation of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and of other proinflammatory cytokines. Our results provide a novel route connecting S1P metabolism and signaling with astrogliosis and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a central player in neuroinflammation, known to be crucial for the pathogenesis of numerous brain illnesses. Thus, our study opens the door for new therapeutic strategies surrounding S1P metabolism and signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Alam
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sumaiya Yasmeen Afsar
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maya Anik Wolter
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luisa Michelle Volk
- Institute for General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Nicolae Mitroi
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institute for General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhild van Echten-Deckert
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Seidel F, Fluiter K, Kleemann R, Worms N, van Nieuwkoop A, Caspers MPM, Grigoriadis N, Kiliaan AJ, Baas F, Michailidou I, Morrison MC. Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice develop neurodegeneration, age-dependent astrogliosis and obesity-induced changes in microglia immunophenotype which are partly reversed by complement component 5 neutralizing antibody. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1205261. [PMID: 37457817 PMCID: PMC10346859 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1205261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has been linked to vascular dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. However, experimental models that recapitulate brain pathology in relation to obesity and vascular dysfunction are still lacking. Methods In this study we performed the histological and histochemical characterization of brains from Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, an established model for obesity and associated vascular disease. First, HFD-fed 18 week-old and 50 week-old Ldlr-/-.Leiden male mice were compared with age-matched C57BL/6J mice. We then assessed the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain pathology in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice and tested whether a treatment with an anti-complement component 5 antibody, a terminal complement pathway inhibitor recently shown to reduce vascular disease, can attenuate neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Histological analyses were complemented with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses of the hippocampus to unravel molecular pathways underlying brain histopathology. Results We show that chow-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice have more severe neurodegeneration and show an age-dependent astrogliosis that is not observed in age-matched C57BL/6J controls. This was substantiated by pathway enrichment analysis using the NGS data which showed that oxidative phosphorylation, EIF2 signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways, all associated with neurodegeneration, were significantly altered in the hippocampus of Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice compared with C57BL/6J controls. Obesity-inducing HFD-feeding did not aggravate neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice. However, brains from HFD-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice showed reduced IBA-1 immunoreactivity and increased CD68 immunoreactivity compared with chow-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, indicating alteration of microglial immunophenotype by HFD feeding. The systemic administration of an anti-C5 treatment partially restored the HFD effect on microglial immunophenotype. In addition, NGS data of hippocampi from Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice showed that HFD feeding affected multiple molecular pathways relative to chow-fed controls: HFD notably inactivated synaptogenesis and activated neuroinflammation pathways. The anti-C5 treatment restored the HFD-induced effect on molecular pathways to a large extent. Conclusion This study shows that the Ldlr-/-.Leiden mouse model is suitable to study brain histopathology and associated biological processes in a context of obesity and provides evidence of the potential therapeutic value of anti-complement therapy against obesity-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Seidel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Center (PRIME), Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kees Fluiter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Worms
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita van Nieuwkoop
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martien P. M. Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2 Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amanda J. Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Center (PRIME), Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iliana Michailidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2 Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
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Beecken M, Baumann L, Vankriekelsvenne E, Manzhula K, Greiner T, Heinig L, Schauerte S, Kipp M, Joost S. The Cuprizone Mouse Model: A Comparative Study of Cuprizone Formulations from Different Manufacturers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10564. [PMID: 37445742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cuprizone mouse model is widely used in studies on de- and remyelination. In the hands of different experimenters, the Cuprizone concentrations that lead to comparable levels of demyelination differ considerably. The reasons for this variability are unknown. In this study, we tested whether different Cuprizone formulations from different vendors and manufacturers influenced Cuprizone-induced histopathological hallmarks. We intoxicated male C57BL/6 mice with six Cuprizone powders that differed in their manufacturer, vendor, and purity. After five weeks, we analyzed the body weight changes over the course of the experiment, as well as the demyelination, astrogliosis, microgliosis and axonal damage by histological LFB-PAS staining and immunohistochemical labelling of PLP, IBA1, GFAP and APP. All Cuprizone formulations induced demyelination, astrogliosis, microgliosis, axonal damage and a moderate drop in body weight at the beginning of the intoxication period. In a cumulative evaluation of all analyses, two Cuprizone formulations performed weaker than the other formulations. In conclusion, all tested formulations did work, but the choice of Cuprizone formulation may have been responsible for the considerable variability in the experimental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Beecken
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Louise Baumann
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Katerina Manzhula
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Theresa Greiner
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Leo Heinig
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Schauerte
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sarah Joost
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Chan ASY, Tun SBB, Lynn MN, Ho C, Tun TA, Girard MJA, Sultana R, Barathi VA, Aung T, Aihara M. Intravitreal Neuroglobin Mitigates Primate Experimental Glaucomatous Structural Damage in Association with Reduced Optic Nerve Microglial and Complement 3-Astrocyte Activation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:961. [PMID: 37371541 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current management of glaucomatous optic neuropathy is limited to intraocular pressure control. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an endogenous neuroprotectant expressed in neurons and astrocytes. We recently showed that exogenous intravitreal Ngb reduced inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation in a rodent model of hypoxia. We thus hypothesised that IVT-Ngb may also be neuroprotective in experimental glaucoma (EG) by mitigating optic nerve (ON) astrogliosis and microgliosis as well as structural damage. In this study using a microbead-induced model of EG in six Cynomolgus primates, optical coherence imaging showed that Ngb-treated EG eyes had significantly less thinning of the peripapillary minimum rim width, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, and ON head cupping than untreated EG eyes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that ON astrocytes overexpressed Ngb following Ngb treatment. A reduction in complement 3 and cleaved-caspase 3 activated microglia and astrocytes was also noted. Our findings in higher-order primates recapitulate the effects of neuroprotection by Ngb treatment in rodent EG studies and suggest that Ngb may be a potential candidate for glaucoma neuroprotection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Y Chan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sai B B Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Myoe N Lynn
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Candice Ho
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Tin A Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Michaël J A Girard
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory (OEIL), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | | | - Veluchamy A Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Parker CA, Nutt DJ, Tyacke RJ. Imidazoline-I2 PET Tracers in Neuroimaging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9787. [PMID: 37372936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting neuroinflammation, and in particular, microglial activation and astrocytosis, is a current area of the focus of new treatment interventions for a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Probing the roles of microglia and astrocytes in human disease requires the development of useful tools, such as PET imaging tools that are specific for the cell type(s) of interest. This review concentrates on the recent advances in the development of Imidazoline2 binding site (I2BS) PET tracers, which are purported to target astrocytes, and hence could represent key clinical imaging tools for targeting astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease. Five PET tracers for the I2BS are described in this review, with only one (11C-BU99008) being currently validated to GMP for clinical use, and data reported from healthy volunteers, Alzheimer's disease patients, and Parkinson's disease patients. The clinical data utilising 11C-BU99008 have revealed the potential early involvement of astrogliosis in neurodegeneration that might precede the activation of microglia, which, if confirmed, could provide a vital new means for potentially targeting neurodegeneration earlier in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Parker
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Robin J Tyacke
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Vangansewinkel T, Lemmens S, Tiane A, Geurts N, Dooley D, Vanmierlo T, Pejler G, Hendrix S. Therapeutic administration of mouse mast cell protease 6 improves functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury in mice by promoting remyelination and reducing glial scar formation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22939. [PMID: 37130013 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201942rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) most often leads to permanent paralysis due to the inability of axons to regenerate in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). In the past, we have shown that mast cells (MCs) improve the functional outcome after SCI by suppressing scar tissue formation at the lesion site via mouse mast cell protease 6 (mMCP6). In this study, we investigated whether recombinant mMCP6 can be used therapeutically to improve the functional outcome after SCI. Therefore, we applied mMCP6 locally via an intrathecal catheter in the subacute phase after a spinal cord hemisection injury in mice. Our findings showed that hind limb motor function was significantly improved in mice that received recombinant mMCP6 compared with the vehicle-treated group. In contrast to our previous findings in mMCP6 knockout mice, the lesion size and expression levels of the scar components fibronectin, laminin, and axon-growth-inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were not affected by the treatment with recombinant mMCP6. Surprisingly, no difference in infiltration of CD4+ T cells and reactivity of Iba-1+ microglia/macrophages at the lesion site was observed between the mMCP6-treated mice and control mice. Additionally, local protein levels of the pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFNγ, and MCP-1 were comparable between the two treatment groups, indicating that locally applied mMCP6 did not affect inflammatory processes after injury. However, the increase in locomotor performance in mMCP6-treated mice was accompanied by reduced demyelination and astrogliosis in the perilesional area after SCI. Consistently, we found that TNF-α/IL-1β-astrocyte activation was decreased and that oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation was increased after recombinant mMCP6 treatment in vitro. Mechanistically, this suggests effects of mMCP6 on reducing astrogliosis and improving (re)myelination in the spinal cord after injury. In conclusion, these data show for the first time that recombinant mMCP6 is therapeutically active in enhancing recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vangansewinkel
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Lemmens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Geurts
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dearbhaile Dooley
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Edler MK, Munger EL, Maycon H, Hopkins WD, Hof PR, Sherwood CC, Raghanti MA. The association of astrogliosis and microglial activation with aging and Alzheimer's disease pathology in the chimpanzee brain. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:881-900. [PMID: 36647571 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), trigger an immune response known as glial activation in the brain. Recent evidence indicates species differences in inflammatory responses to AD pathology, highlighting the need for additional comparative studies to further understand human-specific neuropathologies. In the present study, we report on the occurrence of astrogliosis, microglial activation, and their relationship with age and AD-like pathology in a cohort of male and female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Chimpanzees with severe astrogliosis exhibited widespread upregulation of hypertrophic astrocytes immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) throughout all layers of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and a loss of the interlaminar palisade. In addition, extreme astrogliosis was associated with increased astrocyte density in the absence of significant microglial activation and AD lesions. A shift from decreased resting to increased phagocytotic microglia occurred with aging, although proliferation was absent and no changes in astrogliosis was observed. Vascular amyloid correlated with decreased astrocyte and microglia densities, while tau lesions were associated with morphological changes in microglia and greater total glia density and glia: neuron ratio. These results further our understanding of inflammatory processes within the chimpanzee brain and provide comparative data to improve our understanding of human aging and neuropathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Edler
- Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily L Munger
- Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Hannah Maycon
- Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - William D Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mary Ann Raghanti
- Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Zubareva OE, Dyomina AV, Kovalenko AA, Roginskaya AI, Melik-Kasumov TB, Korneeva MA, Chuprina AV, Zhabinskaya AA, Kolyhan SA, Zakharova MV, Gryaznova MO, Zaitsev AV. Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum in a Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098451. [PMID: 37176158 PMCID: PMC10179354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a challenging brain disorder that is often difficult to treat with conventional therapies. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. In this study, the effects of Bifidobacterium longum, a probiotic, on inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and behavior are evaluated in a lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced in young adult rats. B. longum was administered orally at a dose of 109 CFU/rat for 30 days after pilocarpine injection. The results show that B. longum treatment has beneficial effects on the TLE-induced changes in anxiety levels, neuronal death in the amygdala, and body weight recovery. In addition, B. longum increased the expression of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes, such as Il1rn and Pparg. However, the probiotic had little effect on TLE-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis and did not reduce neuronal death in the hippocampus and temporal cortex. The study suggests that B. longum may have a beneficial effect on TLE and may provide valuable insights into the role of gut bacteria in epileptogenesis. In addition, the results show that B. longum may be a promising drug for the comprehensive treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Zubareva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Dyomina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Kovalenko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna I Roginskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tigran B Melik-Kasumov
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marina A Korneeva
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alesya V Chuprina
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alesya A Zhabinskaya
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stepan A Kolyhan
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Maria V Zakharova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marusya O Gryaznova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Congiu L, Granato V, Jakovcevski I, Kleene R, Fernandes L, Freitag S, Kneussel M, Schachner M, Loers G. Mice Mutated in the Third Fibronectin Domain of L1 Show Enhanced Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Death, Astrogliosis and Alterations in Behavior. Biomolecules 2023; 13:776. [PMID: 37238646 PMCID: PMC10216033 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules play major roles in cell proliferation, migration, survival, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation during nervous system development and in adulthood. The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 contributes to these functions during development and in synapse formation and synaptic plasticity after trauma in adulthood. Mutations of L1 in humans result in L1 syndrome, which is associated with mild-to-severe brain malformations and mental disabilities. Furthermore, mutations in the extracellular domain were shown to cause a severe phenotype more often than mutations in the intracellular domain. To explore the outcome of a mutation in the extracellular domain, we generated mice with disruption of the dibasic sequences RK and KR that localize to position 858RKHSKR863 in the third fibronectin type III domain of murine L1. These mice exhibit alterations in exploratory behavior and enhanced marble burying activity. Mutant mice display higher numbers of caspase 3-positive neurons, a reduced number of principle neurons in the hippocampus, and an enhanced number of glial cells. Experiments suggest that disruption of the dibasic sequence in L1 results in subtle impairments in brain structure and functions leading to obsessive-like behavior in males and reduced anxiety in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Congiu
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Viviana Granato
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Institut für Anatomie und Klinische Morphologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Luciana Fernandes
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Sandra Freitag
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
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Sanadgol N. Editorial: Glial cells as an emerging therapeutic target in the pathobiology of central nervous system disorders: friend or foe? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1191743. [PMID: 37180949 PMCID: PMC10167377 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1191743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sanadgol
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Georgelou K, Saridaki EA, Karali K, Papagiannaki A, Charalampopoulos I, Gravanis A, Tzeranis DS. Microneurotrophin BNN27 Reduces Astrogliosis and Increases Density of Neurons and Implanted Neural Stem Cell-Derived Cells after Spinal Cord Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041170. [PMID: 37189788 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microneurotrophins, small-molecule mimetics of endogenous neurotrophins, have demonstrated significant therapeutic effects on various animal models of neurological diseases. Nevertheless, their effects on central nervous system injuries remain unknown. Herein, we evaluate the effects of microneurotrophin BNN27, an NGF analog, in the mouse dorsal column crush spinal cord injury (SCI) model. BNN27 was delivered systemically either by itself or combined with neural stem cell (NSC)-seeded collagen-based scaffold grafts, demonstrated recently to improve locomotion performance in the same SCI model. Data validate the ability of NSC-seeded grafts to enhance locomotion recovery, neuronal cell integration with surrounding tissues, axonal elongation and angiogenesis. Our findings also show that systemic administration of BNN27 significantly reduced astrogliosis and increased neuron density in mice SCI lesion sites at 12 weeks post injury. Furthermore, when BNN27 administration was combined with NSC-seeded PCS grafts, BNN27 increased the density of survived implanted NSC-derived cells, possibly addressing a major challenge of NSC-based SCI treatments. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that small-molecule mimetics of endogenous neurotrophins can contribute to effective combinatorial treatments for SCI, by simultaneously regulating key events of SCI and supporting grafted cell therapies in the lesion site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Georgelou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Kanelina Karali
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Argyri Papagiannaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Achille Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Tzeranis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
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Machova Urdzikova L, Cimermanova V, Karova K, Dominguez J, Stepankova K, Petrovicova M, Havelikova K, D Gandhi C, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Jendelova P. The Role of Green Tea Catechin Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitor PP242 (Torkinib) in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36829922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that has physical and psychological consequences for patients. SCI is accompanied by scar formation and systemic inflammatory response leading to an intense degree of functional loss. The catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an active compound found in green tea, holds neuroprotective features and is known for its anti-inflammatory potential. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that exists in two functionally distinct complexes termed mTOR complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1; mTORC2). Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin causes neuroprotection, leading to partial recovery from SCI. In this study the effects of EGCG, PP242 (an inhibitor of both complexes of mTOR), and a combination of EGCG and PP242 in SCI have been examined. It has been found that both EGCG and PP242 significantly improved sensory/motor functions following SCI. However, EGCG appeared to be more effective (BBB motor test, from 2 to 8 weeks after SCI, p = 0.019, p = 0.007, p = 0.006, p = 0.006, p = 0.05, p = 0.006, and p = 0.003, respectively). The only exception was the Von Frey test, where EGCG was ineffective, while mTOR inhibition by PP242, as well as PP242 in combination with EGCG, significantly reduced withdrawal latency starting from week three (combinatorial therapy (EGCG + PP242) vs. control at 3, 5, and 7 weeks, p = 0.011, p = 0.007, and p = 0.05, respectively). It has been found that EGCG was as effective as PP242 in suppressing mTOR signaling pathways, as evidenced by a reduction in phosphorylated S6 expression (PP242 (t-test, p < 0.0001) or EGCG (t-test, p = 0.0002)). These results demonstrate that EGCG and PP242 effectively suppress mTOR pathways, resulting in recovery from SCI in rats, and that EGCG acts via suppressing mTOR pathways.
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Daglas M, Truong PH, Miles LQ, Juan SMA, Rao SS, Adlard PA. Deferiprone attenuates neuropathology and improves outcome following traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:214-234. [PMID: 36102035 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young adults. The role of iron in potentiating neurodegeneration following TBI has gained recent interest as iron deposition has been detected in the injured brain in the weeks to months post-TBI, in both the preclinical and clinical setting. A failure in iron homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and excitotoxicity; and whether this is a cause or consequence of the long-term effects of TBI remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the role of iron and the effect of therapeutic intervention using a brain-permeable iron chelator, deferiprone, in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. An extensive assessment of cognitive, motor and anxiety/depressive outcome measures were examined, and neuropathological and biochemical changes, over a 3-month period post-TBI. KEY RESULTS Lesion volume was significantly reduced at 3 months, which was preceded by a reduction in astrogliosis, microglia/macrophages and preservation of neurons in the injured brain at 2 weeks and/or 1 month post-TBI in mice receiving oral deferiprone. Deferiprone treatment showed significant improvements in neurological severity scores, locomotor/gait performance and cognitive function, and attenuated anxiety-like symptoms post-TBI. Deferiprone reduced iron levels, lipid peroxidation/oxidative stress and altered expression of neurotrophins in the injured brain over this period. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings support a detrimental role of iron in the injured brain and suggest that deferiprone (or similar iron chelators) may be promising therapeutic approaches to improve survival, functional outcomes and quality of life following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daglas
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phan H Truong
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linh Q Miles
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sydney M A Juan
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shalini S Rao
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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D'Mello V, Subramaniam M, Bhalla AP, Saavedra S, Leiba O, Levison SW. Intranasal Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Attenuates Gliosis and Axonal Injury and Improves Sensorimotor Function After a Mild Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:236-250. [PMID: 37095853 PMCID: PMC10122240 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a neuroprotective cytokine that is essential for appropriate glial responses, remyelination, and preservation of neuronal conductance after injury. The intranasal route for delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system is of particular interest given that it bypasses the blood-brain barrier and peripheral clearance systems. We explored the possibility that LIF might improve neurological function when administered intranasally during the acute phase in a pediatric model of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We tested two doses of LIF and evaluated behavioral outcomes. Here, we show that acute 40-ng intranasal LIF treatment twice a day for 3 days attenuates astrogliosis and microgliosis, protects against axonal damage, significantly improves sensorimotor function, and is well tolerated without detrimental effects on growth. Altogether, our studies provide pre-clinical evidence for the use of acute intranasal LIF treatment as a viable therapeutic for pediatric cases of mTBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera D'Mello
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Malini Subramaniam
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aditya Paul Bhalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sherlyn Saavedra
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ofri Leiba
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven W. Levison
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Address correspondence to: Steven W. Levison, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Toledano-Díaz A, Álvarez MI, Toledano A. The relationships between neuroglial and neuronal changes in Alzheimer's disease, and the related controversies II: gliotherapies and multimodal therapy. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221123896. [PMID: 36407561 PMCID: PMC9666878 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221123896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the original description of Alzheimer´s disease (AD), research into this condition has mainly focused on assessing the alterations to neurons associated with dementia, and those to the circuits in which they are involved. In most of the studies on human brains and in many models of AD, the glial cells accompanying these neurons undergo concomitant alterations that aggravate the course of neurodegeneration. As a result, these changes to neuroglial cells are now included in all the "pathogenic cascades" described in AD. Accordingly, astrogliosis and microgliosis, the main components of neuroinflammation, have been integrated into all the pathogenic theories of this disease, as discussed in this part of the two-part monograph that follows an accompanying article on gliopathogenesis and glioprotection. This initial reflection verified the implication of alterations to the neuroglia in AD, suggesting that these cells may also represent therapeutic targets to prevent neurodegeneration. In this second part of the monograph, we will analyze the possibilities of acting on glial cells to prevent or treat the neurodegeneration that is the hallmark of AD and other pathologies. Evidence of the potential of different pharmacological, non-pharmacological, cell and gene therapies (widely treated) to prevent or treat this disease is now forthcoming, in most cases as adjuncts to other therapies. A comprehensive AD multimodal therapy is proposed in which neuronal and neuroglial pharmacological treatments are jointly considered, as well as the use of new cell and gene therapies and non-pharmacological therapies that tend to slow down the progress of dementia.
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An J, Tan R, Hu X, Cai Z, Sun M, Ge Q, Ma W, Li H, Lu H. Kinase inhibit region of SOCS3 attenuates IL6-induced proliferation and astrocytic differentiation of neural stem cells via cross talk between signaling pathways. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:168-180. [PMID: 36217678 PMCID: PMC9804055 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Efficiency of neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy for brain injury is restricted by astrogliosis around the damaged region, in which JAK2/STAT3 signaling plays a key role. The SOCS3 that can directly inhibit JAK/STAT3 pathway. Here, we investigated the effects of a fusion peptide that combined kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS3 and virus trans-activator of transcription (TAT) on biological behavior of cultured NSCs under inflammatory conditions. METHODS NSCs were isolated from embryonic brain of SD rats, TAT-KIR was synthesized, and penetration rate was evaluated by flow cytometry (FACS). CCK8, immunostaining, and FACS were used to detected of TAT-KIR on the proliferation of NSCs. The expressions of GFAP and β tubulin III positive cells induced by IL6 with/without TAT-KIR were examined by immunostaining and Western blotting to observe the NSCs differentiation, and the effect of TAT-KIR on signaling cross talk was observed by Western blotting. RESULTS Penetration rate of TAT-KIR into primary cultured NSCs was up to 94%. TAT-KIR did not affect the growth and viability of NSCs. It significantly reduced the NSCs proliferation that enhanced by IL-6 stimulation via blocking the cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 to S phase. In addition, TAT-KIR attenuated astrocytic differentiation and kept high level of neuronal differentiation derived from IL-6-induced NSCs. The fate of NSCs differentiation under inflammatory conditions was affected by TAT-KIR, which was associated with synchronous inhibition of STAT3 and AKT, while promoting JNK expression. CONCLUSION TAT-KIR mimetic of SOCS3 could be a promising approach for brain repair via regulating the biological behaviors of exogenous NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Ruo‐Lan Tan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Xiao‐Xuan Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Zhen‐Lu Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Mei‐Qi Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Qian Ge
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Hui‐Liang Li
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Hai‐Xia Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
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Toledano-Díaz A, Álvarez MI, Toledano A. The relationships between neuroglial alterations and neuronal changes in Alzheimer's disease, and the related controversies I: Gliopathogenesis and glioprotection. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221128703. [PMID: 36238130 PMCID: PMC9551335 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221128703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Alois Alzheimer described the pathology of Alzheimer's disease in 1907, an increasing number of studies have attempted to discover its causes and possible ways to treat it. For decades, research has focused on neuronal degeneration and the disruption to the neural circuits that occurs during disease progression, undervaluing in some extent the alterations to glial cells even though these alterations were described in the very first studies of this disease. In recent years, it has been recognized that different families of neuroglia are not merely support cells for neurons but rather key and active elements in the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Alterations to different types of neuroglia (especially astroglia and microglia but also mature oligodendroglia and oligodendroglial progenitors) have been identified in the initial neuropathological changes that lead to dementia, suggesting that they may represent therapeutic targets to prevent neurodegeneration. In this review, based on our own studies and on the relevant scientific literature, we argue that a careful and in-depth study of glial cells will be fundamental to understanding the origin and progression of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we analyze the main issues regarding the neuroprotective and neurotoxic role of neuroglial changes, reactions and/or involutions in both humans with Alzheimer's disease and in experimental models of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adolfo Toledano
- Instituto
Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain,Adolfo Toledano, CSIC, Avenida Dr Arce 37,
Madrid 28002, Spain.
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Lee SL, Lee MHH, Wu KJ, Chiang CW, Chang YX, Fang JD, Tung HH, Kuo LW, Wang Y. Post-ischemic protection of hepatocyte growth factor requires the type II transmembrane serine protease matriptase-A reciprocal regulation of the two for neuroprotection in stroke brain. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22494. [PMID: 35976173 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200414r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACo) model of ischemic stroke, intracerebroventricular administration of human recombinant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mitigated motor impairment and cortical infarction. Recombinant HGF reduced MCAo-induced TNFα and IL1β expression, and alleviated perilesional reactivation of microglia and astrocyte. All of the aforementioned beneficial effects of HGF were antagonized by an inhibitor to the type II transmembrane serine protease matriptase (MTP). MCAo upregulated MTP mRNA and protein in the lesioned cortex. MTP protein, not the mRNA, was increased further by recombinant HGF but reduced when MTP inhibitor (MTPi) was added to the treatment. Changes of the endogenous active HGF by MCAo, HGF or MTPi paralleled with the changes of MTP protein under the same conditions whilst neither HGF mRNA nor the total endogenous HGF protein were altered. These data showed that the therapeutic effects of HGF in stroke brain is attributed to its proteolytic activation and that MTP is a main protease of the event. MCAo enhanced MTP mRNA and thus protein expression; the initial use of the recombinant active HGF stabilized MCAo-induced MTP protein and subsequent activation of endogenous latent HGF which in turn stabilized further MTP protein. A reciprocal regulation between MTP and HGF appears to be present where MTP promotes HGF activation and the active HGF prevents MTP protein turnover. This study, for the first time, shows that MTP can participate in neural protection in stroke brain through activation of HGF. The cycles of HGF-MTP regulation achieved preservation of the neurological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau-Ling Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Systems Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Michelle Hui-Hsin Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Systems Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Jen Wu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Wen Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Xuan Chang
- Institute of Cellular and Systems Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jung-Da Fang
- Institute of Cellular and Systems Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Hui Tung
- Institute of Cellular and Systems Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Agnew-Svoboda W, Ubina T, Figueroa Z, Wong YC, Vizcarra EA, Roebini B, Wilson EH, Fiacco TA, Riccomagno MM. A genetic tool for the longitudinal study of a subset of post-inflammatory reactive astrocytes. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100276. [PMID: 36046623 PMCID: PMC9421582 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are vital support cells that ensure proper brain function. In brain disease, astrocytes reprogram into a reactive state that alters many of their cellular roles. A long-standing question in the field is whether downregulation of reactive astrocyte (RA) markers during resolution of inflammation is because these astrocytes revert back to a non-reactive state or die and are replaced. This has proven difficult to answer mainly because existing genetic tools cannot distinguish between healthy versus RAs. Here we describe the generation of an inducible genetic tool that can be used to specifically target and label a subset of RAs. Longitudinal analysis of an acute inflammation model using this tool revealed that the previously observed downregulation of RA markers after inflammation is likely due to changes in gene expression and not because of cell death. Our findings suggest that cellular changes associated with astrogliosis after acute inflammation are largely reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Agnew-Svoboda
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Teresa Ubina
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zoe Figueroa
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yiu-Cheung Wong
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Edward A. Vizcarra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bryan Roebini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Emma H. Wilson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Todd A. Fiacco
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Martin M. Riccomagno
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Lichterfeld Y, Kalinski L, Schunk S, Schmakeit T, Feles S, Frett T, Herrmann H, Hemmersbach R, Liemersdorf C. Hypergravity Attenuates Reactivity in Primary Murine Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081966. [PMID: 36009513 PMCID: PMC9405820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity is the key modulator of nearly every aspect of behavior, affecting cognition, learning, and memory as well as motion. Hence, disturbances of the transmission of synaptic signals are the main cause of many neurological disorders. Lesions to nervous tissues are associated with phenotypic changes mediated by astrocytes becoming reactive. Reactive astrocytes form the basis of astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Astrocyte reactivity is often targeted to inhibit axon dystrophy and thus promote neuronal regeneration. Here, we aim to understand the impact of gravitational loading induced by hypergravity to potentially modify key features of astrocyte reactivity. We exposed primary murine astrocytes as a model system closely resembling the in vivo reactivity phenotype on custom-built centrifuges for cultivation as well as for live-cell imaging under hypergravity conditions in a physiological range (2g and 10g). We revealed spreading rates, migration velocities, and stellation to be diminished under 2g hypergravity. In contrast, proliferation and apoptosis rates were not affected. In particular, hypergravity attenuated reactivity induction. We observed cytoskeletal remodeling of actin filaments and microtubules under hypergravity. Hence, the reorganization of these key elements of cell structure demonstrates that fundamental mechanisms on shape and mobility of astrocytes are affected due to altered gravity conditions. In future experiments, potential target molecules for pharmacological interventions that attenuate astrocytic reactivity will be investigated. The ultimate goal is to enhance neuronal regeneration for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Lichterfeld
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Kalinski
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Schunk
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresa Schmakeit
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Feles
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Timo Frett
- Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Liemersdorf
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-176-811-09-333
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Benjamini D, Priemer DS, Perl DP, Brody DL, Basser PJ. Mapping astrogliosis in the individual human brain using multidimensional MRI. Brain 2022; 146:1212-1226. [PMID: 35953450 PMCID: PMC9976979 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no non-invasive imaging methods available for astrogliosis assessment or mapping in the central nervous system despite its essential role in the response to many disease states, such as infarcts, neurodegenerative conditions, traumatic brain injury and infection. Multidimensional MRI is an increasingly employed imaging modality that maximizes the amount of encoded chemical and microstructural information by probing relaxation (T1 and T2) and diffusion mechanisms simultaneously. Here, we harness the exquisite sensitivity of this imagining modality to derive a signature of astrogliosis and disentangle it from normative brain at the individual level using machine learning. We investigated ex vivo cerebral cortical tissue specimens derived from seven subjects who sustained blast-induced injuries, which resulted in scar-border forming astrogliosis without being accompanied by other types of neuropathological abnormality, and from seven control brain donors. By performing a combined post-mortem radiology and histopathology correlation study we found that astrogliosis induces microstructural and chemical changes that are robustly detected with multidimensional MRI, and which can be attributed to astrogliosis because no axonal damage, demyelination or tauopathy were histologically observed in any of the cases in the study. Importantly, we showed that no one-dimensional T1, T2 or diffusion MRI measurement can disentangle the microscopic alterations caused by this neuropathology. Based on these findings, we developed a within-subject anomaly detection procedure that generates MRI-based astrogliosis biomarker maps ex vivo, which were significantly and strongly correlated with co-registered histological images of increased glial fibrillary acidic protein deposition (r = 0.856, P < 0.0001; r = 0.789, P < 0.0001; r = 0.793, P < 0.0001, for diffusion-T2, diffusion-T1 and T1-T2 multidimensional data sets, respectively). Our findings elucidate the underpinning of MRI signal response from astrogliosis, and the demonstrated high spatial sensitivity and specificity in detecting reactive astrocytes at the individual level, and if reproduced in vivo, will significantly impact neuroimaging studies of injury, disease, repair and aging, in which astrogliosis has so far been an invisible process radiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Benjamini
- Correspondence to: Dan Benjamini, PhD National Institutes of Health (NIH), 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA E-mail:
| | - David S Priemer
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,The Department of Defense/Uniformed Services, University Brain Tissue Repository, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Daniel P Perl
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,The Department of Defense/Uniformed Services, University Brain Tissue Repository, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - David L Brody
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,Department of Neurology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter J Basser
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20891, USA,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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