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Bode K, Wei S, Gruber I, Kissler S, Yi P. Beta Cells Deficient for Renalase Counteract Autoimmunity by Shaping Natural Killer Cell Activity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.29.582816. [PMID: 38496417 PMCID: PMC10942322 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) arises from autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Recent advancements in the technology of generating pancreatic beta cells from human pluripotent stem cells (SC-beta cells) have facilitated the exploration of cell replacement therapies for treating T1D. However, the persistent threat of autoimmunity poses a significant challenge to the survival of transplanted SC-beta cells. Genetic engineering is a promising approach to enhance immune resistance of beta cells as we previously showed by inactivating of the Renalase (Rnls) gene. Here we demonstrate that Rnls loss-of-function in beta cells shape autoimmunity by mediating a regulatory Natural Killer (NK) cell phenotype important for the induction of tolerogenic antigen presenting cells. Rnls-deficient beta cells mediate cell-cell-contact-independent induction of hallmark anti-inflammatory cytokine Tgfβ1 in NK cells. In addition, surface expression of key regulatory NK immune checkpoints CD47 and Ceacam1 are markedly elevated on beta cells deficient for Rnls. Enhanced glucose metabolism in Rnls mutant beta cells is responsible for upregulation of CD47 surface expression. These findings are crucial to a better understand how genetically engineered beta cells shape autoimmunity giving valuable insights for future therapeutic advancements to treat and cure T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bode
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Siying Wei
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Isabella Gruber
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
- Diabetes Program, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge MA 02138
| | - Peng Yi
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
- Diabetes Program, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge MA 02138
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2
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Szlapinski SK, Hill DJ. In vivo models of gestational and type 2 diabetes mellitus characterized by endocrine pancreas cell impairments. J Endocrinol 2024; 260:e230317. [PMID: 38197871 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance contributes to the development of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Even though gestational diabetes is specific to pregnancy, it can result in long-term glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes after delivery. Given the substantial health and economic burdens associated with diabetes, it is imperative to better understand the mechanisms leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes so that treatments targeted at reversing symptoms can be developed. Considering that the endocrine cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans) largely contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes (beta-cell insufficiency and dysfunction), the elucidation of the various mechanisms of endocrine cell plasticity is important to understand. By better defining these mechanisms, targeted therapeutics can be developed to reverse symptoms of beta-cell deficiency and insulin resistance in diabetes. Animal models play an important role in better understanding these mechanisms, as techniques for in vivo imaging of endocrine cells in the pancreas are limited. Therefore, this review article will discuss the available rodent models of gestational and type 2 diabetes that are characterized by endocrine cell impairments in the pancreas, discuss the models with a comparison to human diabetes, and explore the potential mechanisms of endocrine cell plasticity that contribute to these phenotypes, as these mechanisms could ultimately be used to reverse blood glucose dysregulation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Hill
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Goodarzi N, Bashiri A. Histology and immunofluorescent study of the pancreas in lovebird (Agapornis personatus). Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1394. [PMID: 38459816 PMCID: PMC10924273 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lovebird (Agapornis personatus) is a monotypic species of bird of the lovebird genus in the parrot family Psittaculidae and order Psittaciformes. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to investigate the histology and immunohistochemistry of the pancreas in the lovebird. METHODS Totally, three adult birds were used. The pancreas was assessed using histological and immunofluorescent staining to detect insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and neuropeptide Y (NY). RESULTS The exocrine pancreas was composed of pyramidal acinar cells with zymogen granules at the apical cytoplasm. The endocrine pancreas was identified as large alpha, small beta and mixed islets of Langerhans. No intercalated duct was observed. Alpha cells with a density of 28.55% were the most numerous cell type, which were populated throughout the large islets, especially at the periphery. The beta cells with a density of 15.78% were accumulated mostly at the periphery of islets. The delta cells exhibited 17.81% intensity. Despite their lower density, the distribution of delta cells was like that of A cells throughout the islets. PP and NY cells were distinguished with densities of 14.69% and 20.63%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although the arrangement of acinar cells, ductal systems and endocrine islets reflects patterns observed in various avian species, the absence of intercalated duct, the presence of three types of Langerhans islets as alpha, beta and mixed islets and the high expression of NY in the islets were some unique features observed in the current study. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of avian pancreas histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Goodarzi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineRazi UniversityKermanshahIran
| | - Ayda Bashiri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad UniversitySanandaj BranchSanandajIran
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Gannon M. Studies of Rare Human Diseases Lead to Insights into Regulation of Human Beta-cell Proliferation. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae019. [PMID: 38456304 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Gannon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Research Division, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Liu W, Fang Y, Cai X, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Han X, Li J, Yin S, Cai D, Chen J, Wang L, Shi D, Ji L. Preserved C-peptide is common and associated with higher time in range in Chinese type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1335913. [PMID: 38405156 PMCID: PMC10884320 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1335913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to determine the residual C-peptide level and to explore the clinical significance of preserved C-peptide secretion in glycemic control in Chinese individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research design and methods A total of 534 participants with T1D were enrolled and divided into two groups, low-C-peptide group (fasting C-peptide ≤10 pmol/L) and preserved-C-peptide group (fasting C-peptide >10 pmol/L), and clinical factors were compared between the two groups. In 174 participants who were followed, factors associated with C-peptide loss were also identified by Cox regression. In addition, glucose metrics derived from intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring were compared between individuals with low C-peptide and those with preserved C-peptide in 178 participants. Results The lack of preserved C-peptide was associated with longer diabetes duration, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody, and higher daily insulin doses, after adjustment {OR, 1.10 [interquartile range (IQR), 1.06-1.14]; OR, 0.46 (IQR, 0.27-0.77); OR, 1.04 (IQR, 1.02-1.06)}. In the longitudinal analysis, the percentages of individuals with preserved C-peptide were 71.4%, 56.8%, 71.7%, 62.5%, and 22.2% over 5 years of follow-up. Preserved C-peptide was also associated with higher time in range after adjustment of diabetes duration [62.4 (IQR, 47.3-76.6) vs. 50.3 (IQR, 36.2-63.0) %, adjusted P = 0.003]. Conclusions Our results indicate that a high proportion of Chinese patients with T1D had preserved C-peptide secretion. Meanwhile, residual C-peptide was associated with favorable glycemic control, suggesting the importance of research on adjunctive therapy to maintain β-cell function in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, ;China
| | - Yayu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, ;China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, ;China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, ;China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, ;China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, ;China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, ;China
| | - Sai Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, ;China
| | - Deheng Cai
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, ;China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, ;China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, ;China
| | - Dawei Shi
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, ;China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, ;China
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Ellsworth PN, Herring JA, Leifer AH, Ray JD, Elison WS, Poulson PD, Crabtree JE, Van Ry PM, Tessem JS. CEBPA Overexpression Enhances β-Cell Proliferation and Survival. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:110. [PMID: 38392328 PMCID: PMC10887016 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A commonality between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is the decline in functional β-cell mass. The transcription factor Nkx6.1 regulates β-cell development and is integral for proper β-cell function. We have previously demonstrated that Nkx6.1 depends on c-Fos mediated upregulation and the nuclear hormone receptors Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 to increase β-cell insulin secretion, survival, and replication. Here, we demonstrate that Nkx6.1 overexpression results in upregulation of the bZip transcription factor CEBPA and that CEBPA expression is independent of c-Fos regulation. In turn, CEBPA overexpression is sufficient to enhance INS-1 832/13 β-cell and primary rat islet proliferation. CEBPA overexpression also increases the survival of β-cells treated with thapsigargin. We demonstrate that increased survival in response to ER stress corresponds with changes in expression of various genes involved in the unfolded protein response, including decreased Ire1a expression. These data show that CEBPA is sufficient to enhance functional β-cell mass by increasing β-cell proliferation and modulating the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Ellsworth
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jacob A Herring
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Aaron H Leifer
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jason D Ray
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Weston S Elison
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Peter Daniel Poulson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Crabtree
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeffery S Tessem
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Kennedy EC, Hawkes CP. Approaches to Measuring Beta Cell Reserve and Defining Partial Clinical Remission in Paediatric Type 1 Diabetes. Children (Basel) 2024; 11:186. [PMID: 38397298 PMCID: PMC10887271 DOI: 10.3390/children11020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insufficient insulin secretion. At the time of diagnosis of T1D, there is residual beta cell function that declines over the subsequent months to years. Recent interventions have been approved to preserve beta cell function in evolving T1D. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to summarise the approaches used to assess residual beta cell function in evolving T1D, and to highlight potential future directions. METHODS Studies including subjects aged 0 to 18 years were included in this review. The following search terms were used; "(type 1 diabetes) and (partial remission)" and "(type 1 diabetes) and (honeymoon)". References of included studies were reviewed to determine if additional relevant studies were eligible. RESULTS There are numerous approaches to quantifying beta cell reserve in evolving T1D. These include c-peptide measurement after a mixed meal or glucagon stimuli, fasting c-peptide, the urinary c-peptide/creatinine ratio, insulin dose-adjusted haemoglobin A1c, and other clinical models to estimate beta cell function. Other biomarkers may have a role, including the proinsulin/c-peptide ratio, cytokines, and microRNA. Studies using thresholds to determine if residual beta cell function is present often differ in values used to define remission. CONCLUSIONS As interventions are approved to preserve beta cell function, it will become increasingly necessary to quantify residual beta cell function in research and clinical contexts. In this report, we have highlighted the strengths and limitations of the current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Kennedy
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin P Hawkes
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Pedersen SS, Ingerslev LR, Olsen M, Prause M, Billestrup N. Butyrate functions as a histone deacetylase inhibitor to protect pancreatic beta cells from IL-1β-induced dysfunction. FEBS J 2024; 291:566-583. [PMID: 37985375 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate, a gut microbial metabolite, has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and has become an attractive drug candidate for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, we showed that butyrate protects pancreatic beta cells against cytokine-induced dysfunction. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms of butyrate action. Pancreatic mouse islets were exposed to a non-cytotoxic concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) for 10 days to mimic low-grade inflammation in T2D. Similar to the effect of butyrate, an isoform-selective histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibitor normalized IL-1β-reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content. In contrast, free fatty acid receptor 2 and 3 (FFAR2/3) agonists failed to normalize IL-1β-induced beta cell dysfunction. Furthermore, butyrate inhibited HDAC activity and increased the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 by 3- and 10-fold, respectively. Genome-wide analysis of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) revealed that butyrate mainly increased H3K27ac at promoter regions (74%), while H3K27ac peaks regulated by IL-1β were more equally distributed at promoters (38%), introns (23%) and intergenic regions (23%). Gene ontology analysis showed that butyrate increased IL-1β-reduced H3K27ac levels near several genes related to hormone secretion and reduced IL-1β-increased H3K27ac levels near genes associated with inflammatory responses. Butyrate alone increased H3K27ac near many genes related to MAPK signaling, hormone secretion, and differentiation, and decreased H3K27ac at genes involved in cell replication. Together, these results suggest that butyrate prevents IL-1β-induced pancreatic islet dysfunction by inhibition of HDACs resulting in changes in H3K27ac levels at genes relevant for beta cell function and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Schultz Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Roed Ingerslev
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michala Prause
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Billestrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Paradiž Leitgeb E, Kerčmar J, Križančić Bombek L, Pohorec V, Skelin Klemen M, Slak Rupnik M, Gosak M, Dolenšek J, Stožer A. Exendin-4 affects calcium signalling predominantly during activation and activity of beta cell networks in acute mouse pancreas tissue slices. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1315520. [PMID: 38292770 PMCID: PMC10826511 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1315520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tight control of beta cell stimulus-secretion coupling is crucial for maintaining homeostasis of energy-rich nutrients. While glucose serves as a primary regulator of this process, incretins augment beta cell function, partly by enhancing cytosolic [Ca2+] dynamics. However, the details of how precisely they affect beta cell recruitment during activation, their active time, and functional connectivity during plateau activity, and how they influence beta cell deactivation remain to be described. Performing functional multicellular Ca2+ imaging in acute mouse pancreas tissue slices enabled us to systematically assess the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4) simultaneously in many coupled beta cells with high resolution. In otherwise substimulatory glucose, Ex-4 was able to recruit approximately a quarter of beta cells into an active state. Costimulation with Ex-4 and stimulatory glucose shortened the activation delays and accelerated beta cell activation dynamics. More specifically, active time increased faster, and the time required to reach half-maximal activation was effectively halved in the presence of Ex-4. Moreover, the active time and regularity of [Ca2+]IC oscillations increased, especially during the first part of beta cell response. In contrast, subsequent addition of Ex-4 to already active cells did not significantly enhance beta cell activity. Network analyses further confirmed increased connectivity during activation and activity in the presence of Ex-4, with hub cell roles remaining rather stable in both control experiments and experiments with Ex-4. Interestingly, Ex-4 demonstrated a biphasic effect on deactivation, slightly prolonging beta cell activity at physiological concentrations and shortening deactivation delays at supraphysiological concentrations. In sum, costimulation by Ex-4 and glucose increases [Ca2+]IC during beta cell activation and activity, indicating that the effect of incretins may, to an important extent, be explained by enhanced [Ca2+]IC signals. During deactivation, previous incretin stimulation does not critically prolong cellular activity, which corroborates their low risk of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Paradiž Leitgeb
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jasmina Kerčmar
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Vilijem Pohorec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Skelin Klemen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Slak Rupnik
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Alma Mater Europaea-European Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gosak
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea-European Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Ngamjariyawat A, Cen J, Wang X, Welsh N. GDF15 Protects Insulin-Producing Beta Cells against Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Metabolic Stress via Increased Deamination of Intracellular Adenosine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:801. [PMID: 38255875 PMCID: PMC10815691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin and imatinib, at least in part, promote improved glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients via increased production of the inflammatory cytokine GDF15. This is supported by studies, performed in rodent cell lines and mouse models, in which the addition or production of GDF15 improved beta-cell function and survival. The aim of the present study was to determine whether human beta cells produce GDF15 in response to antidiabetic drugs and, if so, to further elucidate the mechanisms by which GDF15 modulates the function and survival of such cells. The effects and expression of GDF15 were analyzed in human insulin-producing EndoC-betaH1 cells and human islets. We observed that alpha and beta cells exhibit considerable heterogeneity in GDF15 immuno-positivity. The predominant form of GDF15 present in islet and EndoC-betaH1 cells was pro-GDF15. Imatinib, but not metformin, increased pro-GDF15 levels in EndoC-betaH1 cells. Under basal conditions, exogenous GDF15 increased human islet oxygen consumption rates. In EndoC-betaH1 cells and human islets, exogenous GDF15 partially ameliorated cytokine- or palmitate + high-glucose-induced loss of function and viability. GDF15-induced cell survival was paralleled by increased inosine levels, suggesting a more efficient disposal of intracellular adenosine. Knockdown of adenosine deaminase, the enzyme that converts adenosine to inosine, resulted in lowered inosine levels and loss of protection against cytokine- or palmitate + high-glucose-induced cell death. It is concluded that imatinib-induced GDF15 production may protect human beta cells partially against inflammatory and metabolic stress. Furthermore, it is possible that the GDF15-mediated activation of adenosine deaminase and the increased disposal of intracellular adenosine participate in protection against beta-cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongnad Ngamjariyawat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jing Cen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Nils Welsh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
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11
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Narayanan N, Sahoo J, Kamalanathan S, Sagili H, Zachariah B, Naik D, Roy A, Merugu C. Insulin Sensitivity, Islet Cell Function, and Incretin Axis in Pregnant Women With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2024; 28:71-79. [PMID: 38533283 PMCID: PMC10962776 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to compare insulin sensitivity, islet cell function, and incretin axes in pregnant subjects with GDM and normal healthy controls. Methods Pregnant women at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were subjected to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Samples for glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min during the OGTT. The Matsuda index (MI) and insulin secretion and sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2) were assessed. The glucagon suppression index (GSI) was calculated along with the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP. Results A total of 48 pregnant women (25 GDM and 23 controls) were finally analysed. The MI and ISSI-2 were low in the GDM group [4.31 vs. 5.42; P = 0.04], [1.99 vs. 3.18, P ≤ 0.01] respectively). Total AUCglucagon was higher in the GDM group (7411.7 vs. 6320.1, P = 0.02). GSI30 was significantly lower in the GDM group (-62.6 vs. -24.7, P = 0.03). Fasting GLP-1 levels were low in GDM women (17.3 vs. 22.2, P = 0.04). The total AUCGLP-1 positively correlated with total GSI in the GDM group. Conclusion Asian-Indian GDM women have high insulin insensitivity, islet cell dysfunction, and low fasting GLP-1. Incretin axis dysfunction plays a potential role in their islet cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya Narayanan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Haritha Sagili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Bobby Zachariah
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Dukhabandhu Naik
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Ayan Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Chandhana Merugu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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12
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Adamson SE, Li ZA, Hughes JW. Beta cell primary cilia mediate somatostatin responsiveness via SSTR3. Islets 2023; 15:2252855. [PMID: 37660302 PMCID: PMC10478741 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2023.2252855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is a paracrine modulator of insulin secretion and beta cell function with pleotropic effects on glucose homeostasis. The mechanism of somatostatin-mediated communication between delta and beta cells is not well-understood, which we address in this study via the ciliary somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3). Primary cilia are membrane organelles that act as signaling hubs in islets by virtue of their subcellular location and enrichment in signaling proteins such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). We show that SSTR3, a ciliary GPCR, mediates somatostatin suppression of insulin secretion in mouse islets. Quantitative analysis of calcium flux using a mouse model of genetically encoded beta cell-specific GCaMP6f calcium reporter shows that somatostatin signaling alters beta cell calcium flux after physiologic glucose stimulation, an effect that depends on endogenous SSTR3 expression and the presence of intact primary cilia on beta cells. Comparative in vitro studies using SSTR isoform antagonists demonstrate a role for SSTR3 in mediating somatostatin regulation of insulin secretion in mouse islets. Our findings support a model in which ciliary SSTR3 mediates a distinct pathway of delta-to-beta cell regulatory crosstalk and may serve as a target for paracrine modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Adamson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Zipeng A. Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jing W. Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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13
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Choleva L, Wang P, Liu H, Wood O, Lambertini L, Scott DK, Karakose E, Stewart AF. Structure-Function Analysis of p57KIP2 in the Human Pancreatic Beta Cell Reveals a Bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad197. [PMID: 38151968 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in CDKN1C, encoding p57KIP2, a canonical cell cycle inhibitor, underlie multiple pediatric endocrine syndromes. Despite this central role in disease, little is known about the structure and function of p57KIP2 in the human pancreatic beta cell. Since p57KIP2 is predominantly nuclear in human beta cells, we hypothesized that disease-causing mutations in its nuclear localization sequence (NLS) may correlate with abnormal phenotypes. We prepared RIP1 insulin promoter-driven adenoviruses encoding deletions of multiple disease-associated but unexplored regions of p57KIP2 and performed a comprehensive structure-function analysis of CDKN1C/p57KIP2. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses confirmed p57KIP2 overexpression, construct size, and beta cell specificity. By immunocytochemistry, wild-type (WT) p57KIP2 displayed nuclear localization. In contrast, deletion of a putative NLS at amino acids 278-281 failed to access the nucleus. Unexpectedly, we identified a second downstream NLS at amino acids 312-316. Further analysis showed that each individual NLS is required for nuclear localization, but neither alone is sufficient. In summary, p57KIP2 contains a classical bipartite NLS characterized by 2 clusters of positively charged amino acids separated by a proline-rich linker region. Variants in the sequences encoding these 2 NLS sequences account for functional p57KIP2 loss and beta cell expansion seen in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn Choleva
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Olivia Wood
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Esra Karakose
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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14
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Malik SS, Padmanabhan D, Hull-Meichle RL. Pancreas and islet morphology in cystic fibrosis: clues to the etiology of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1269139. [PMID: 38075070 PMCID: PMC10704027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in CFTR (which encodes the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ion channel). Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) occurs in 40-50% of adults with CF and is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. CFRD arises from insufficient insulin release from β cells in the pancreatic islet, but the mechanisms underlying the loss of β cell function remain understudied. Widespread pathological changes in the CF pancreas provide clues to these mechanisms. The exocrine pancreas is the epicenter of pancreas pathology in CF, with ductal pathology being the initiating event. Loss of CFTR function results in ductal plugging and subsequent obliteration. This in turn leads to destruction of acinar cells, fibrosis and fatty replacement. Despite this adverse environment, islets remain relatively well preserved. However, islet composition and arrangement are abnormal, including a modest decrease in β cells and an increase in α, δ and γ cell abundance. The small amount of available data suggest that substantial loss of pancreatic/islet microvasculature, autonomic nerve fibers and intra-islet macrophages occur. Conversely, T-cell infiltration is increased and, in CFRD, islet amyloid deposition is a frequent occurrence. Together, these pathological changes clearly demonstrate that CF is a disease of the pancreas/islet microenvironment. Any or all of these changes are likely to have a dramatic effect on the β cell, which relies on positive signals from all of these neighboring cell types for its normal function and survival. A thorough characterization of the CF pancreas microenvironment is needed to develop better therapies to treat, and ultimately prevent CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Diksha Padmanabhan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Hull-Meichle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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15
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Mahmoudi-Aznaveh A, Tavoosidana G, Najmabadi H, Azizi Z, Ardestani A. The liver-derived exosomes stimulate insulin gene expression in pancreatic beta cells under condition of insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1303930. [PMID: 38027137 PMCID: PMC10661932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1303930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An insufficient functional beta cell mass is a core pathological hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite the availability of several effective pharmaceuticals for diabetes management, there is an urgent need for novel medications to protect pancreatic beta cells under diabetic conditions. Integrative organ cross-communication controls the energy balance and glucose homeostasis. The liver and pancreatic islets have dynamic cross-communications where the liver can trigger a compensatory beta cell mass expansion and enhanced hormonal secretion in insulin-resistant conditions. However, the indispensable element(s) that foster beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion have yet to be completely identified. Exosomes are important extracellular vehicles (EVs) released by most cell types that transfer biological signal(s), including metabolic messengers such as miRNA and peptides, between cells and organs. Methods We investigated whether beta cells can take up liver-derived exosomes and examined their impact on beta cell functional genes and insulin expression. Exosomes isolated from human liver HepG2 cells were characterized using various methods, including Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Western blot analysis of exosomal markers. Exosome labeling and cell uptake were assessed using CM-Dil dye. The effect of liver cell-derived exosomes on Min6 beta cells was determined through gene expression analyses of beta cell markers and insulin using qPCR, as well as Akt signaling using Western blotting. Results Treatment of Min6 beta cells with exosomes isolated from human liver HepG2 cells treated with insulin receptor antagonist S961 significantly increased the expression of beta cell markers Pdx1, NeuroD1, and Ins1 compared to the exosomes isolated from untreated cells. In line with this, the activity of AKT kinase, an integral component of the insulin receptor pathway, is elevated in pancreatic beta cells, as represented by an increase in AKT's downstream substrate, FoxO1 phosphorylation. Discussions This study suggests that liver-derived exosomes may carry a specific molecular cargo that can affect insulin expression in pancreatic beta cells, ultimately affecting glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Mahmoudi-Aznaveh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Tavoosidana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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16
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Geravandi S, Ardestani A. Abnormal acinar-β-cell crosstalk in type 2 diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:685-687. [PMID: 37599202 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular crosstalk plays a vital role in maintaining pancreas homeostasis. Recently, in Cell Metabolism, Basile et al. demonstrated that aberrant upregulation of acinar-cell-specific pancreatic elastase CELA3B within endocrine islets reduces β-cell viability in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This identifies detrimental acinar-β-cell crosstalk as a novel pathogenic mechanism in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Geravandi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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17
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Wei B, Zhang X, Qian J, Tang Z, Zhang B. Nrf2: Therapeutic target of islet function protection in diabetes and islet transplantation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115463. [PMID: 37703659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been reported as a major intracellular regulator of antioxidant stress, notably in islet β cells with low antioxidant enzyme content. Nrf2 is capable of regulating antioxidant function, while it can also regulate insulin secretion, proliferation, and differentiation of β cells, ER stress, as well as mitochondrial function. Thus, Nrf2 pharmacological activators have been employed in the laboratory for the treatment of diabetic mice. Islet cells are exposed to oxidative environment when islet is being transplanted. Accordingly, less than 50% of islet cells are well transplanted, and their normal function is maintained. The pharmacological activation of Nrf2 has been confirmed to protect islet cells at different stages of transplantation stages during experiments for islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Butian Wei
- Department of general Surgery, The Fourth affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang university School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of general Surgery, The Fourth affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang university School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Jiwei Qian
- Department of general Surgery, The Fourth affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang university School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of general Surgery, The Fourth affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang university School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of general Surgery, The Second affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang university School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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18
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Polino AJ, Ng XW, Rooks R, Piston DW. Disrupting actin filaments enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion independent of the cortical actin cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105334. [PMID: 37827287 PMCID: PMC10641669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Just under the plasma membrane of most animal cells lies a dense meshwork of actin filaments called the cortical cytoskeleton. In insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells, a long-standing model posits that the cortical actin layer primarily acts to restrict access of insulin granules to the plasma membrane. Here we test this model and find that stimulating β cells with pro-secretory stimuli (glucose and/or KCl) has little impact on the cortical actin layer. Chemical perturbations of actin polymerization, by either disrupting or enhancing filamentation, dramatically enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Using scanning electron microscopy, we directly visualize the cortical cytoskeleton, allowing us to validate the effect of these filament-disrupting chemicals. We find the state of the cortical actin layer does not correlate with levels of insulin secretion, suggesting filament disruptors act on insulin secretion independently of the cortical cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Polino
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xue Wen Ng
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca Rooks
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Pusch E, Krążek M, Wojciechowicz T, Sassek M, Kołodziejski PA, Strowski MZ, Nowak KW, Skrzypski M. GIP_HUMAN [22-51] Peptide Encoded by the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Gene Suppresses Insulin Expression and Secretion in INS-1E Cells and Rat Pancreatic Islets. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1910. [PMID: 37895259 PMCID: PMC10606481 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
GIP_HUMAN [22-51] is a recently discovered peptide that shares the same precursor molecule with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). In vivo, chronic infusion of GIP_HUMAN [22-51] in ApoE-/- mice enhanced the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions and upregulated inflammatory and proatherogenic proteins. In the present study, we evaluate the effects of GIP_HUMAN [22-51] on insulin mRNA expression and secretion in insulin-producing INS-1E cells and isolated rat pancreatic islets. Furthermore, we characterize the influence of GIP_HUMAN [22-51] on cell proliferation and death and on Nf-kB nuclear translocation. Rat insulin-producing INS-1E cells and pancreatic islets, isolated from male Wistar rats, were used in this study. Gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was studied using a BrdU incorporation assay. Cell death was quantified by evaluating histone-complexed DNA fragments. Insulin secretion was determined using an ELISA test. Nf-kB nuclear translocation was detected using immunofluorescence. GIP_HUMAN [22-51] suppressed insulin (Ins1 and Ins2) in INS-1E cells and pancreatic islets. Moreover, GIP_HUMAN [22-51] promoted the translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to the nucleus. In the presence of a pharmacological inhibitor of NF-κB, GIP_HUMAN [22-51] was unable to suppress Ins2 mRNA expression. Moreover, GIP_HUMAN [22-51] downregulated insulin secretion at low (2.8 mmol/L) but not high (16.7 mmol/L) glucose concentration. By contrast, GIP_HUMAN [22-51] failed to affect cell proliferation and apoptosis. We conclude that GIP_HUMAN [22-51] suppresses insulin expression and secretion in pancreatic β cells without affecting β cell proliferation or apoptosis. Notably, the effects of GIP_HUMAN [22-51] on insulin secretion are glucose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Pusch
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Małgorzata Krążek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Tatiana Wojciechowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Paweł A. Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Mathias Z. Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Medical Clinic III, 15236 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Krzysztof W. Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
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20
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Erratum: The role of GABA in islet function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1301830. [PMID: 37850097 PMCID: PMC10577409 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1301830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.972115.].
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Asuaje Pfeifer M, Langehein H, Grupe K, Müller S, Seyda J, Liebmann M, Rustenbeck I, Scherneck S. PyCreas: a tool for quantification of localization and distribution of endocrine cell types in the islets of Langerhans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1250023. [PMID: 37772078 PMCID: PMC10523144 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Manifest diabetes, but also conditions of increased insulin resistance such as pregnancy or obesity can lead to islet architecture remodeling. The contributing mechanisms are as poorly understood as the consequences of altered cell arrangement. For the quantification of the different cell types but also the frequency of different cell-cell contacts within the islets, different approaches exist. However, few methods are available to characterize islet cell distribution in a statistically valid manner. Here we describe PyCreas, an open-source tool written in Python that allows semi-automated analysis of islet cell distribution based on images of pancreatic sections stained by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. To ensure that the PyCreas tool is suitable for quantitative analysis of cell distribution in the islets at different metabolic states, we studied the localization and distribution of alpha, beta, and delta cells during gestation and prediabetes. We compared the islet cell distribution of pancreatic islets from metabolically healthy NMRI mice with that of New Zealand obese (NZO) mice, which exhibit impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) both preconceptionally and during gestation, and from C57BL/6 N (B6) mice, which acquire this IGT only during gestation. Since substrain(s) of the NZO mice are known to show a variant in the Abcc8 gene, we additionally examined preconceptional SUR1 knock-out (SUR1-KO) mice. PyCreas provided quantitative evidence that alterations in the Abcc8 gene are associated with an altered distribution pattern of islet cells. Moreover, our data indicate that this cannot be a consequence of prolonged hyperglycemia, as islet architecture is already altered in the prediabetic state. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis suggests that states of transient IGT, such as during common gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are not associated with changes in islet architecture as observed during long-term IGT. PyCreas provides the ability to systematically analyze the localization and distribution of islet cells at different stages of metabolic disease to better understand the underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephan Scherneck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Townsend SE, Fuhr JD, Gannon M. Context-dependent effects of CCN2 on β-cell mass expansion and indicators of cell stress in the setting of acute and chronic stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E280-E290. [PMID: 37529833 PMCID: PMC10642983 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00051.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of functional β-cell mass expansion can be beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Our group has previously demonstrated that the matricellular protein CCN2 can induce β-cell mass expansion during embryogenesis, and postnatally during pregnancy and after 50% β-cell injury. The mechanism by which CCN2 stimulates β-cell mass expansion is unknown. However, CCN2 does not induce β-cell proliferation in the setting of euglycemic and optimal functional β-cell mass. We thus hypothesized that β-cell stress is required for responsiveness to CCN2 treatment. In this study, a doxycycline-inducible β-cell-specific CCN2 transgenic mouse model was utilized to evaluate the effects of CCN2 on β-cell stress in the setting of acute (thapsigargin treatment ex vivo) or chronic [high-fat diet or leptin receptor haploinsufficiency (db/+) in vivo] cellular stress. CCN2 induction during 1 wk or 10 wk of high-fat diet or in db/+ mice had no effect on markers of β-cell stress. However, CCN2 induction did result in a significant increase in β-cell mass over high-fat diet alone when animals were fed high-fat diet for 10 wk, a duration known to induce insulin resistance. CCN2 induction in isolated islets treated with thapsigargin ex vivo resulted in upregulation of the gene encoding the Nrf2 transcription factor, a master regulator of antioxidant genes, suggesting that CCN2 further activates this pathway in the presence of cell stress. These studies indicate that the potential of CCN2 to induce β-cell mass expansion is context-dependent and that the presence of β-cell stress does not ensure β-cell proliferation in response to CCN2.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CCN2 promotes β-cell mass expansion in settings of suboptimal β-cell mass. Here, we demonstrate that the ability of CCN2 to induce β-cell mass expansion in the setting of β-cell stress is context-dependent. Our results suggest that β-cell stress is necessary but insufficient for CCN2 to increase β-cell proliferation and mass. Furthermore, we found that CCN2 promotes upregulation of a key antioxidant transcription factor, suggesting that modulation of β-cell oxidative stress contributes to the actions of CCN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Townsend
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer D Fuhr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Chaudhary R, Khanna J, Rohilla M, Gupta S, Bansal S. Investigation of Pancreatic- beta cells Role in the Biological Process of Ageing. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:EMIDDT-EPUB-133904. [PMID: 37608675 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230822095932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence is associated with the formation and progression of a range of illnesses, including ageing and metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Ageing and reduced glucose tolerance are interconnected. Often, Diabetes is becoming more common, which is concerning since it raises the risk of a variety of age-dependent disorders such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to find out the most recent research on how ageing affects the functions of pancreatic beta cells, beta cell mass, beta cell senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal imbalance. METHODS Various research and review manuscripts are gathered from various records such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendeley, Scopus, Science Open, the Directory of Open Access Journals, and the Education Resources Information Centre, using different terms like "Diabetes, cellular senescence, beta cells, ageing, insulin, glucose". RESULTS In this review, we research novel targets in order to discover new strategies to treat diabetes. Abnormal glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly may aid in the development of novel medicines to delay or prevent diabetes onset, improve quality of life, and, finally, increase life duration. CONCLUSION Aging accelerates beta cell senescence by generating premature cell senescence, which is mostly mediated by high glucose levels. Despite higher plasma glucose levels, hepatic gluconeogenesis accelerates and adipose tissue lipolysis rises, resulting in an increase in free fatty acid levels in the blood and worsening insulin resistance throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Janvi Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Manni Rohilla
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India, 140401
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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24
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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Muller CJF. Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6216-6245. [PMID: 37623211 PMCID: PMC10453321 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased cell death and loss of beta-cell mass despite chronic treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in developing beta cell-centered therapies. Beta-cell regeneration is mediated by augmented beta-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation of other islet cell types to functional beta-like cells or the reprograming of beta-cell progenitors into fully differentiated beta cells. This mediation is orchestrated by beta-cell differentiation transcription factors and the regulation of the cell cycle machinery. This review investigates the beta-cell regenerative potential of antidiabetic plant extracts and phytochemicals. Various preclinical studies, including in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, are highlighted. Further, the potential regenerative mechanisms and the intra and extracellular mediators that are of significance are discussed. Also, the potential of phytochemicals to translate into regenerative therapies for T2D patients is highlighted, and some suggestions regarding future perspectives are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christo John Fredrick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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25
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Sebastian-Valles F, Arranz Martín JA, Girón RM, Knott-Torcal C, Sampedro-Nuñez MA, Martin-Adan JC, Jiménez-Díaz J, Marazuela M. Continuous Glucose Monitoring as an Additional Tool in Early Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Monitoring and in Evaluation of Short-Term Sitagliptin Response. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1754. [PMID: 37371849 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a complication associated with a negative prognosis in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the widely recommended screening test for CFRD diagnosis, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasingly considered a useful and easy-to-perform test for diagnosis and follow-up in clinical practice. Regarding CFRD treatment, although insulin is the classic approved pharmacological option, incretins could also be a helpful alternative in early stages. CGM could be also a useful tool to measure the early response to this therapy. METHODS We studied 25 CF patients with abnormal OGTT results and compared glucose and insulin levels during the OGTTs with CGM results as a tool for early CFRD diagnosis. In addition, we evaluated glycaemic control with CGM before and after treatment with sitagliptin. RESULTS A correlation was found between lower plasma insulin levels during the OGTTs and higher average sensor glucose (p = 0.009) and hyperglycaemic excursions (p = 0.017). The CGM data on sitagliptin treatment (n = 25) showed an average glycaemic improvement from 124.2 to 117.2 mg/dL (p = 0.002) with a 5.6-point standard deviation of glucose decrease (p < 0.001). Hyperglycaemic excursions ≥200 mg/dL diminished 57.1% (p = 0.021). Both time in range and time above 180 mg/dL improved during treatment (p = 0.036 and p = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSION CGM is a useful tool that offers valuable information for both the diagnosis and the management of CFRD. Lower plasma insulin levels during OGTTs are associated with a poor ambulatory glucose profile in CGM. Sitagliptin could play an important role in the treatment of the early stages of CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sebastian-Valles
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alfonso Arranz Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Girón
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Knott-Torcal
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Antonio Sampedro-Nuñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Martin-Adan
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Jiménez-Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Sylvester-Armstrong KR, Reeder CF, Powell A, Becker MW, Hagan DW, Chen J, Mathews CE, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Egerman R, Phelps EA. Serum from pregnant donors induces human beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.17.537214. [PMID: 37131658 PMCID: PMC10153135 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells are among the slowest replicating cells in the human body. Human beta cells usually do not increase in number with exceptions being during the neonatal period, in cases of obesity, and during pregnancy. This project explored maternal serum for stimulatory potential on human beta cell proliferation and insulin output. Gravid, full-term women who were scheduled to undergo cesarean delivery were recruited for this study. A human beta cell line was cultured in media supplemented with serum from pregnant and non-pregnant donors and assessed for differences in proliferation and insulin secretion. A subset of pregnant donor sera induced significant increases in beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion. Pooled serum from pregnant donors also increased proliferation in primary human beta cells but not primary human hepatocytes indicating a cell-type specific effect. This study suggests stimulatory factors in human serum during pregnancy could provide a novel approach for human beta cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Callie F. Reeder
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrece Powell
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Matthew W. Becker
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - D. Walker Hagan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Clive H. Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert Egerman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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27
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Rubio-Navarro A, Gómez-Banoy N, Stoll L, Dündar F, Mawla AM, Ma L, Cortada E, Zumbo P, Li A, Reiterer M, Montoya-Oviedo N, Homan EA, Imai N, Gilani A, Liu C, Naji A, Yang B, Chong ACN, Cohen DE, Chen S, Cao J, Pitt GS, Huising MO, Betel D, Lo JC. A beta cell subset with enhanced insulin secretion and glucose metabolism is reduced in type 2 diabetes. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:565-578. [PMID: 36928765 PMCID: PMC10449536 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The pancreatic islets are composed of discrete hormone-producing cells that orchestrate systemic glucose homeostasis. Here we identify subsets of beta cells using a single-cell transcriptomic approach. One subset of beta cells marked by high CD63 expression is enriched for the expression of mitochondrial metabolism genes and exhibits higher mitochondrial respiration compared with CD63lo beta cells. Human and murine pseudo-islets derived from CD63hi beta cells demonstrate enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion compared with pseudo-islets from CD63lo beta cells. We show that CD63hi beta cells are diminished in mouse models of and in humans with type 2 diabetes. Finally, transplantation of pseudo-islets generated from CD63hi but not CD63lo beta cells into diabetic mice restores glucose homeostasis. These findings suggest that loss of a specific subset of beta cells may lead to diabetes. Strategies to reconstitute or maintain CD63hi beta cells may represent a potential anti-diabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rubio-Navarro
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), CTS-963-Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolás Gómez-Banoy
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Stoll
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Friederike Dündar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex M Mawla
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lunkun Ma
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Cortada
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Zumbo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moritz Reiterer
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathalia Montoya-Oviedo
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Lipids and Diabetes Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edwin A Homan
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Norihiro Imai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ankit Gilani
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boris Yang
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Lo
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Noguera Hurtado H, Gresch A, Düfer M. NMDA receptors - regulatory function and pathophysiological significance for pancreatic beta cells. Biol Chem 2023; 404:311-324. [PMID: 36626848 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique features amongst ionotropic glutamate receptors, the NMDA receptor is of special interest in the physiological context but even more as a drug target. In the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is evidence that NMDA receptor activation contributes to disease progression by impairing beta cell function. Consequently, channel inhibitors are suggested for treatment, but up to now there are many unanswered questions about the signaling pathways NMDA receptors are interfering with in the islets of Langerhans. In this review we give an overview about channel structure and function with special regard to the pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of insulin secretion. We sum up which signaling pathways from brain research have already been transferred to the beta cell, and what still needs to be proven. The main focus is on the relationship between an over-stimulated NMDA receptor and the production of reactive oxygen species, the amount of which is crucial for beta cell function. Finally, pilot studies using NMDA receptor blockers to protect the islet from dysfunction are reviewed and future perspectives for the use of such compounds in the context of impaired glucose homeostasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Noguera Hurtado
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Gresch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Düfer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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29
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Galvis D, Hodson DJ, Wedgwood KC. Spatial distribution of heterogeneity as a modulator of collective dynamics in pancreatic beta-cell networks and beyond. Front Netw Physiol 2023; 3:fnetp.2023.1170930. [PMID: 36987428 PMCID: PMC7614376 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1170930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the impact of spatial distribution of heterogeneity on collective dynamics in gap-junction coupled beta-cell networks comprised on cells from two populations that differ in their intrinsic excitability. Initially, these populations are uniformly and randomly distributed throughout the networks. We develop and apply an iterative algorithm for perturbing the arrangement of the network such that cells from the same population are increasingly likely to be adjacent to one another. We find that the global input strength, or network drive, necessary to transition the network from a state of quiescence to a state of synchronised and oscillatory activity decreases as network sortedness increases. Moreover, for weak coupling, we find that regimes of partial synchronisation and wave propagation arise, which depend both on network drive and network sortedness. We then demonstrate the utility of this algorithm for studying the distribution of heterogeneity in general networks, for which we use Watts-Strogatz networks as a case study. This work highlights the importance of heterogeneity in node dynamics in establishing collective rhythms in complex, excitable networks and has implications for a wide range of real-world systems that exhibit such heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Galvis
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence: Daniel Galvis,
| | - David J. Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle C.A. Wedgwood
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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30
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Liu J, Fu H, Kang F, Ning G, Ni Q, Wang W, Wang Q. β-Cell glucokinase expression was increased in type 2 diabetes subjects with better glycemic control. J Diabetes 2023; 15:409-418. [PMID: 36942376 PMCID: PMC10172022 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a progressive deterioration of β-cell function with a continuous decline in insulin secretion. Glucokinase (GCK) facilitates the rate-limiting step of glycolysis in pancreatic β-cells, to acquire the proper glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Multiple glucokinase activators (GKAs) have been developed and clinically tested. However, the dynamic change of human pancreatic GCK expression during T2D progression has not been investigated. METHODS We evaluated GCK expression by measuring the average immunoreactivity of GCK in insulin+ or glucagon+ cells from pancreatic sections of 11 nondiabetic subjects (ND), 10 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 9 with well-controlled T2D (wT2D), and 5 individuals with poorly controlled T2D (uT2D). We also assessed the relationship between GCK expression and adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) in human diabetic β-cells. RESULTS We did not detect changes of GCK expression in IFG islets. However, we found β-cell GCK levels were significantly increased in T2D with adequate glucose control (wT2D) but not in T2D with poor glucose control (uT2D). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between GCK expression and adaptive UPR (spliced X-box binding protein 1 [XBP1s] and activating transcription factor 4 [ATF4]), as well as functional maturity marker (urocortin-3 [UCN3]) in human diabetic β-cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that inductions of GCK enhanced adaptive UPR and UCN3 in human β-cells, which might be an adaptive mechanism during T2D progression. This finding provides a rationale for exploring novel molecules that activate β-cell GCK and thereby improve pharmacological treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyun Kang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qicheng Ni
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qidi Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Manchanda Y, Bitsi S, Chen S, Broichhagen J, Bernardino de la Serna J, Jones B, Tomas A. Enhanced Endosomal Signaling and Desensitization of GLP-1R vs GIPR in Pancreatic Beta Cells. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7034684. [PMID: 36774542 PMCID: PMC10016038 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The incretin receptors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), are prime therapeutic targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. They are expressed in pancreatic beta cells where they potentiate insulin release in response to food intake. Despite GIP being the main incretin in healthy individuals, GLP-1R has been favored as a therapeutic target due to blunted GIPR responses in T2D patients and conflicting effects of GIPR agonists and antagonists in improving glucose tolerance and preventing weight gain. There is, however, a recently renewed interest in GIPR biology, following the realization that GIPR responses can be restored after an initial period of blood glucose normalization and the recent development of dual GLP-1R/GIPR agonists with superior capacity for controlling blood glucose levels and weight. The importance of GLP-1R trafficking and subcellular signaling in the control of receptor outputs is well established, but little is known about the pattern of spatiotemporal signaling from the GIPR in beta cells. Here, we have directly compared surface expression, trafficking, and signaling characteristics of both incretin receptors in pancreatic beta cells to identify potential differences that might underlie distinct pharmacological responses associated with each receptor. Our results indicate increased cell surface levels, internalization, degradation, and endosomal vs plasma membrane activity for the GLP-1R, while the GIPR is instead associated with increased plasma membrane recycling, reduced desensitization, and enhanced downstream signal amplification. These differences might have potential implications for the capacity of each incretin receptor to control beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusman Manchanda
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stavroula Bitsi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Shiqian Chen
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin 13125, Germany
| | | | - Ben Jones
- Correspondence: Alejandra Tomas, PhD, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK, ; or Ben Jones, MD, PhD, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK,
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Correspondence: Alejandra Tomas, PhD, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK, ; or Ben Jones, MD, PhD, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK,
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32
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Chabosseau P, Yong F, Delgadillo-Silva LF, Lee EY, Melhem R, Li S, Gandhi N, Wastin J, Noriega LL, Leclerc I, Ali Y, Hughes JW, Sladek R, Martinez-Sanchez A, Rutter GA. Molecular phenotyping of single pancreatic islet leader beta cells by "Flash-Seq". Life Sci 2023; 316:121436. [PMID: 36706832 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Spatially-organized increases in cytosolic Ca2+ within pancreatic beta cells in the pancreatic islet underlie the stimulation of insulin secretion by high glucose. Recent data have revealed the existence of subpopulations of beta cells including "leaders" which initiate Ca2+ waves. Whether leader cells possess unique molecular features, or localisation, is unknown. MAIN METHODS High speed confocal Ca2+ imaging was used to identify leader cells and connectivity analysis, running under MATLAB and Python, to identify highly connected "hub" cells. To explore transcriptomic differences between beta cell sub-groups, individual leaders or followers were labelled by photo-activation of the cryptic fluorescent protein PA-mCherry and subjected to single cell RNA sequencing ("Flash-Seq"). KEY FINDINGS Distinct Ca2+ wave types were identified in individual islets, with leader cells present in 73 % (28 of 38 islets imaged). Scale-free, power law-adherent behaviour was also observed in 29 % of islets, though "hub" cells in these islets did not overlap with leaders. Transcripts differentially expressed (295; padj < 0.05) between leader and follower cells included genes involved in cilium biogenesis and transcriptional regulation. Providing some support for these findings, ADCY6 immunoreactivity tended to be higher in leader than follower cells, whereas cilia number and length tended to be lower in the former. Finally, leader cells were located significantly closer to delta, but not alpha, cells in Euclidian space than were follower cells. SIGNIFICANCE The existence of both a discrete transcriptome and unique localisation implies a role for these features in defining the specialized function of leaders. These data also raise the possibility that localised signalling between delta and leader cells contributes to the initiation and propagation of islet Ca2+ waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chabosseau
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fiona Yong
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Lee Kong Chian Imperial Medical School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Luis F Delgadillo-Silva
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rana Melhem
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shiying Li
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nidhi Gandhi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jules Wastin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Livia Lopez Noriega
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian Imperial Medical School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jing W Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert Sladek
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Lee Kong Chian Imperial Medical School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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33
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Basavarajappa HD, Irimia JM, Bauer BM, Fueger PT. The Adaptor Protein NumbL Is Involved in the Control of Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Pancreatic Beta Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043308. [PMID: 36834720 PMCID: PMC9959170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Avoiding the loss of functional beta cell mass is critical for preventing or treating diabetes. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying beta cell death are partially understood, and there is a need to identify new targets for developing novel therapeutics to treat diabetes. Previously, our group established that Mig6, an inhibitor of EGF signaling, mediates beta cell death under diabetogenic conditions. The objective here was to clarify the mechanisms linking diabetogenic stimuli to beta cell death by investigating Mig6-interacting proteins. Using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we evaluated the binding partners of Mig6 under both normal glucose (NG) and glucolipotoxic (GLT) conditions in beta cells. We identified that Mig6 interacted dynamically with NumbL, whereas Mig6 associated with NumbL under NG, and this interaction was disrupted under GLT conditions. Further, we demonstrated that the siRNA-mediated suppression of NumbL expression in beta cells prevented apoptosis under GLT conditions by blocking the activation of NF-κB signaling. Using co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we observed that NumbL's interactions with TRAF6, a key component of NFκB signaling, were increased under GLT conditions. The interactions among Mig6, NumbL, and TRAF6 were dynamic and context-dependent. We proposed a model wherein these interactions activated pro-apoptotic NF-κB signaling while blocking pro-survival EGF signaling under diabetogenic conditions, leading to beta cell apoptosis. These findings indicated that NumbL should be further investigated as a candidate anti-diabetic therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halesha D. Basavarajappa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jose M. Irimia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Brandon M. Bauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Patrick T. Fueger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-626-218-0620
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Li F, Liu R, Negi V, Yang P, Lee J, Jagannathan R, Moulik M, Yechoor VK. VGLL4 and MENIN function as TEAD1 corepressors to block pancreatic β cell proliferation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111904. [PMID: 36662616 PMCID: PMC9970006 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TEAD1 and the mammalian Hippo pathway regulate cellular proliferation and function, though their regulatory function in β cells remains poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that while β cell-specific TEAD1 deletion results in a cell-autonomous increase of β cell proliferation, β cell-specific deletion of its canonical coactivators, YAP and TAZ, does not affect proliferation, suggesting the involvement of other cofactors. Using an improved split-GFP system and yeast two-hybrid platform, we identify VGLL4 and MENIN as TEAD1 corepressors in β cells. We show that VGLL4 and MENIN bind to TEAD1 and repress the expression of target genes, including FZD7 and CCN2, which leads to an inhibition of β cell proliferation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TEAD1 plays a critical role in β cell proliferation and identify VGLL4 and MENIN as TEAD1 corepressors in β cells. We propose that these could be targeted to augment proliferation in β cells for reversing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ruya Liu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vinny Negi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mousumi Moulik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vijay K. Yechoor
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (F.L.), (V.K.Y.)
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Weir GC. Islet Inflammation Can Be Linked to the Disruption of Proinsulin Processing in Type 1 Diabetes but not in Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e21-e22. [PMID: 36317646 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon C Weir
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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36
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Fernández-Ruiz R, Gasa R. Evaluation of the Effects of CCN4 on Pancreatic Beta Cell Proliferation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2582:191-208. [PMID: 36370351 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2744-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the number of insulin-producing beta cells through reactivation of their replication has been proposed as a therapy to prevent or delay the appearance of diabetes. Using antibody arrays, we identified CCN4/Wisp1 as a circulating factor enriched in preweaning mice, a period in which beta cells exhibit a dramatic increase in number. This finding led us to investigate the involvement of CCN4 in beta cell proliferation. We demonstrated that CCN4 promotes adult beta cell proliferation in vitro in cultured isolated islets, and in vivo in islets transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye. In this chapter, we present the methodology that was used to study proliferation in both settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Fernández-Ruiz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Hurley LD, Lee H, Wade G, Simcox J, Engin F. Ormdl3 regulation of specific ceramides is dispensable for mouse β-cell function and glucose homeostasis under obesogenic conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170461. [PMID: 37124760 PMCID: PMC10140491 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic elevation of sphingolipids contributes to β-cell failure. ORMDL3 has been identified as a key regulator of sphingolipid homeostasis, however, its function in pancreatic β-cell pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we generated a mouse model lacking Ormdl3 within pancreatic β-cells (Ormdl3 β-/-). We show that loss of β-cell Ormdl3 does not alter glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, islet morphology, or cellular ceramide levels on standard chow diet. When challenged with a high fat diet, while Ormdl3 β-/- mice did not exhibit any alteration in metabolic parameters or islet architecture, lipidomics analysis revealed significantly higher levels of very long chain ceramides in their islets. Taken together, our results reveal that loss of Ormdl3 alone is not sufficient to impinge upon β-cell function or whole-body glucose and insulin homeostasis, however, β-cell-specific loss of Ormdl3 does significantly alter levels of specific sphingolipid species in islets upon high fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D. Hurley
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gina Wade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Feyza Engin,
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38
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Benaglio P, Zhu H, Okino ML, Yan J, Elgamal R, Nariai N, Beebe E, Korgaonkar K, Qiu Y, Donovan MK, Chiou J, Wang G, Newsome J, Kaur J, Miller M, Preissl S, Corban S, Aylward A, Taipale J, Ren B, Frazer KA, Sander M, Gaulton KJ. Type 1 diabetes risk genes mediate pancreatic beta cell survival in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Cell Genom 2022; 2:100214. [PMID: 36778047 PMCID: PMC9903835 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We combined functional genomics and human genetics to investigate processes that affect type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk by mediating beta cell survival in response to proinflammatory cytokines. We mapped 38,931 cytokine-responsive candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in beta cells using ATAC-seq and snATAC-seq and linked them to target genes using co-accessibility and HiChIP. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen in EndoC-βH1 cells, we identified 867 genes affecting cytokine-induced survival, and genes promoting survival and up-regulated in cytokines were enriched at T1D risk loci. Using SNP-SELEX, we identified 2,229 variants in cytokine-responsive cCREs altering transcription factor (TF) binding, and variants altering binding of TFs regulating stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were enriched for T1D risk. At the 16p13 locus, a fine-mapped T1D variant altering TF binding in a cytokine-induced cCRE interacted with SOCS1, which promoted survival in cytokine exposure. Our findings reveal processes and genes acting in beta cells during inflammation that modulate T1D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Benaglio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Han Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Lin Okino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jian Yan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ruth Elgamal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Naoki Nariai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisha Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katha Korgaonkar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yunjiang Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Joshua Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gaowei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacklyn Newsome
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sierra Corban
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Aylward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A. Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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39
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La Noce M, Nicoletti GF, Papaccio G, Del Vecchio V, Papaccio F. Insulitis in Human Type 1 Diabetic Pancreas: From Stem Cell Grafting to Islet Organoids for a Successful Cell-Based Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233941. [PMID: 36497199 PMCID: PMC9740394 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with immune cells' islet infiltration (called "insulitis"), which leads to beta cell loss. Despite being the critical element of T1D occurrence and pathogenesis, insulitis is often present in a limited percentage of islets, also at diagnosis. Therefore, it is needed to define reproducible methods to detect insulitis and beta-cell decline, to allow accurate and early diagnosis and to monitor therapy. However, this goal is still far due to the morphological aspect of islet microvasculature, which is rather dense and rich, and is considerably rearranged during insulitis. More studies on microvasculature are required to understand if contrast-enhanced ultrasound sonography measurements of pancreatic blood-flow dynamics may provide a clinically deployable predictive marker to predict disease progression and therapeutic reversal in pre-symptomatic T1D patients. Therefore, it is needed to clarify the relation between insulitis and the dynamics of β cell loss and with coexisting mechanisms of dysfunction, according to clinical stage, as well as the micro vessels' dynamics and microvasculature reorganization. Moreover, the ideal cell-based therapy of T1D should start from an early diagnosis allowing a sufficient isolation of specific Procr+ progenitors, followed by the generation and expansion of islet organoids, which could be transplanted coupled to an immune-regulatory therapy which will permit the maintenance of pancreatic islets and an effective and long-lasting insulitis reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (F.P.); Tel.: +39-081-566-6014/4040 (G.P.); +39-089-96-5275 (F.P.)
| | - Vitale Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (F.P.); Tel.: +39-081-566-6014/4040 (G.P.); +39-089-96-5275 (F.P.)
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dos Santos KC, Olofsson C, Cunha JPMCM, Roberts F, Catrina S, Fex M, Ekberg NR, Spégel P. The impact of macronutrient composition on metabolic regulation: An Islet-Centric view. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13884. [PMID: 36056607 PMCID: PMC9787959 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The influence of dietary carbohydrates and fats on weight gain is inconclusively understood. We studied the acute impact of these nutrients on the overall metabolic state utilizing the insulin:glucagon ratio (IGR). METHODS Following in vitro glucose and palmitate treatment, insulin and glucagon secretion from islets isolated from C57Bl/6J mice was measured. Our human in vivo study included 21 normoglycaemia (mean age 51.9 ± 16.5 years, BMI 23.9 ± 3.5 kg/m2 , and HbA1c 36.9 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) and 20 type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed individuals (duration 12 ± 7 years, mean age 63.6 ± 4.5 years, BMI 29.1 ± 2.4 kg/m2 , and HbA1c 52.3 ± 9.5 mmol/mol). Individuals consumed a carbohydrate-rich or fat-rich meal (600 kcal) in a cross-over design. Plasma insulin and glucagon levels were measured at -30, -5, and 0 min, and every 30 min until 240 min after meal ingestion. RESULTS The IGR measured from mouse islets was determined solely by glucose levels. The palmitate-stimulated hormone secretion was largely glucose independent in the analysed mouse islets. The acute meal tolerance test demonstrated that insulin and glucagon secretion is dependent on glycaemic status and meal composition, whereas the IGR was dependent upon meal composition. The relative reduction in IGR elicited by the fat-rich meal was more pronounced in obese individuals. This effect was blunted in T2D individuals with elevated HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION The metabolic state in normoglycaemic individuals and T2D-diagnosed individuals is regulated by glucose. We demonstrate that consumption of a low carbohydrate diet, eliciting a catabolic state, may be beneficial for weight loss, particularly in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klinsmann Carolo dos Santos
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of ChemistryLund UniversityLundSweden,Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Camilla Olofsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | - Fiona Roberts
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Sergiu‐Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Centrum for DiabetesAcademic Specialist CentrumStockholmSweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Neda Rajamand Ekberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Centrum for DiabetesAcademic Specialist CentrumStockholmSweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of ChemistryLund UniversityLundSweden
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Wentworth JM, Oakey H, Craig ME, Couper JJ, Cameron FJ, Davis EA, Lafferty AR, Harris M, Wheeler BJ, Jefferies C, Colman PG, Harrison LC. Decreased occurrence of ketoacidosis and preservation of beta cell function in relatives screened and monitored for type 1 diabetes in Australia and New Zealand. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1594-1601. [PMID: 36175392 PMCID: PMC9772160 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Islet autoantibody screening of infants and young children in the Northern Hemisphere, together with semi-annual metabolic monitoring, is associated with a lower risk of ketoacidosis (DKA) and improved glucose control after diagnosis of clinical (stage 3) type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to determine if similar benefits applied to older Australians and New Zealanders monitored less rigorously. METHODS DKA occurrence and metabolic control were compared between T1D relatives screened and monitored for T1D and unscreened individuals diagnosed in the general population, ascertained from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2019, 17,105 relatives (mean (SD) age 15.7 (10.8) years; 52% female) were screened for autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and insulinoma-associated protein 2. Of these, 652 screened positive to a single and 306 to multiple autoantibody specificities, of whom 201 and 215, respectively, underwent metabolic monitoring. Of 178 relatives diagnosed with stage 3 T1D, 9 (5%) had DKA, 7 of whom had not undertaken metabolic monitoring. The frequency of DKA in the general population was 31%. After correction for age, sex and T1D family history, the frequency of DKA in screened relatives was >80% lower than in the general population. HbA1c and insulin requirements following diagnosis were also lower in screened relatives, consistent with greater beta cell reserve. CONCLUSIONS T1D autoantibody screening and metabolic monitoring of older children and young adults in Australia and New Zealand, by enabling pre-clinical diagnosis when beta cell reserve is greater, confers protection from DKA. These clinical benefits support ongoing efforts to increase screening activity in the region and should facilitate the application of emerging immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Wentworth
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Helena Oakey
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Australia
- Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Couper
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | | | | | - Mark Harris
- Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Wheeler
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Craig Jefferies
- Starship Children’s Health Liggins institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Daniels Gatward LF, Kim Y, Loe A, Liu Y, Kristensen L, King AJF. Beta cell endoplasmic reticulum stress drives diabetes in the KINGS mouse without causing mass beta cell loss. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14962. [PMID: 36151994 PMCID: PMC9828143 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Beta cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can cause cellular death and dysfunction and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Animal models of beta cell ER stress are critical in further understanding this and for testing novel diabetes therapeutics. The KINGS mouse is a model of beta cell ER stress driven by a heterozygous mutation in Ins2. In this study, we investigated how beta cell ER stress in the KINGS mouse drives diabetes. METHODS We investigated whether the unfolded protein response (UPR) was activated in islets isolated from male and female KINGS mice and whether this impacted beta cell mass and turnover. RESULTS Whilst the UPR was up-regulated in KINGS islets, with increased protein expression of markers of all three UPR arms, this was not associated with a mass loss of beta cells; beta cell apoptosis rates did not increase until after the development of overt diabetes, and did not lead to substantial changes in beta cell mass. CONCLUSION We propose that the KINGS mouse represents a model where beta cell maladaptive UPR signalling drives diabetes development without causing mass beta cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of DiabetesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Aerin Loe
- Department of DiabetesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of DiabetesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Chen KH, Doliba N, May CL, Roman J, Ustione A, Tembo T, Negron A, Radovick S, Piston DW, Glaser B, Kaestner KH, Matschinsky FM. Genetic activation of glucokinase in a minority of pancreatic beta cells causes hypoglycemia in mice. Life Sci 2022; 309:120952. [PMID: 36100080 PMCID: PMC10312065 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glucokinase (GK) is expressed in the glucose-sensing cells of the islets of Langerhans and plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that genetic activation of GK in a small subset of β-cells is sufficient to change the glucose set-point of the whole islet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mouse models of cell-type specific GK deficiency (GKKO) and genetic enzyme activation (GKKI) in a subset of β-cells were obtained by crossing the αGSU (gonadotropin alpha subunit)-Cre transgene with the appropriate GK mutant alleles. Metabolic analyses consisted of glucose tolerance tests, perifusion of isolated islets and intracellular calcium measurements. KEY FINDINGS The αGSU-Cre transgene produced genetically mosaic islets, as Cre was active in 15 ± 1.2 % of β-cells. While mice deficient for GK in a subset of islet cells were normal, unexpectedly, GKKI mice were chronically hypoglycemic, glucose intolerant, and had a lower threshold for glucose stimulated insulin secretion. GKKI mice exhibited an average fasting blood glucose level of 3.5 mM. GKKI islets responded with intracellular calcium signals that spread through the whole islets at 1 mM and secreted insulin at 3 mM glucose. SIGNIFICANCE Genetic activation of GK in a minority of β-cells is sufficient to change the glucose threshold for insulin secretion in the entire islet and thereby glucose homeostasis in the whole animal. These data support the model in which β-cells with higher GK activity function as 'hub' or 'trigger' cells and thus control insulin secretion by the β-cell collective within the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Nicolai Doliba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Catherine L May
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Jeffrey Roman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Alessandro Ustione
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Teguru Tembo
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Ariel Negron
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
| | - Franz M Matschinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
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Barillaro M, Schuurman M, Wang R. β1-Integrin-A Key Player in Controlling Pancreatic Beta-Cell Insulin Secretion via Interplay With SNARE Proteins. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6772824. [PMID: 36282882 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Shortcomings in cell-based therapies for patients with diabetes have been revealed to be, in part, a result of an improper extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. In vivo, pancreatic islets are emersed in a diverse ECM that provides physical support and is crucial for healthy function. β1-Integrin receptors have been determined to be responsible for modulation of beneficial interactions with ECM proteins influencing beta-cell development, proliferation, maturation, and function. β1-Integrin signaling has been demonstrated to augment insulin secretion by impacting the actin cytoskeleton via activation of focal adhesion kinase and downstream signaling pathways. In other secretory cells, evidence of a bidirectional relationship between integrins and exocytotic machinery has been demonstrated, and, thus, this relationship could be present in pancreatic beta cells. In this review, we will discuss the role of ECM-β1-integrin interplay with exocytotic proteins in controlling pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion through their dynamic and unique signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malina Barillaro
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Meg Schuurman
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Rennian Wang
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
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Sargin P, Roethle MF, Jia S, Pant T, Ciecko AE, Atkinson SN, Salzman NH, Teng RJ, Chen YG, Cabrera SM, Hessner MJ. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v supplementation modulates β-cell ER stress and antioxidative defense pathways and prevents type 1 diabetes in gluten-free BioBreeding rats. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2136467. [PMID: 36261888 PMCID: PMC9586621 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2136467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of Type 1 diabetes has coincided with the emergence of the low-fiber, high-gluten Western diet and other environmental factors linked to dysbiosis. Since Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 v (Lp299v) supplementation improves gut barrier function and reduces systemic inflammation, we studied its effects in spontaneously diabetic DRlyp/lyp rats provided a normal cereal diet (ND) or a gluten-free hydrolyzed casein diet (HCD). All rats provided ND developed diabetes (62.5±7.7 days); combining ND with Lp299v did not improve survival. Diabetes was delayed by HCD (72.2±9.4 days, p = .01) and further delayed by HCD+Lp299v (84.9±14.3 days, p < .001). HCD+Lp299v pups exhibited increased plasma propionate and butyrate levels, which correlated with enriched fecal Bifidobacteriaceae and Clostridiales taxa. Islet transcriptomic and histologic analyses at 40-days of age revealed that rats fed HCD expressed an autophagy profile, while those provided HCD+Lp299v expressed ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and antioxidative defense pathways, including Nrf2. Exposing insulinoma cells to propionate and butyrate promoted the antioxidative defense response but did not recapitulate the HCD+Lp299v islet ERAD transcriptomic profile. Here, both diet and microbiota influenced diabetes susceptibility. Moreover, Lp299v supplement modulated antioxidative defense and ER stress responses in β-cells, potentially offering a new therapeutic direction to thwart diabetes progression and preserve insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Sargin
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mark F. Roethle
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shuang Jia
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Tarun Pant
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley E. Ciecko
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Samantha N. Atkinson
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nita H. Salzman
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ru-Jeng Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susanne M. Cabrera
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Martin J. Hessner
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,CONTACT Martin J. Hessner The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Abstract
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and neurotransmitter that is produced in the islet at levels as high as in the brain. GABA is synthesized by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), of which the 65 kDa isoform (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Originally described to be released via synaptic-like microvesicles or from insulin secretory vesicles, beta cells are now understood to release substantial quantities of GABA directly from the cytosol via volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). Once released, GABA influences the activity of multiple islet cell types through ionotropic GABAA receptors and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABA also interfaces with cellular metabolism and ATP production via the GABA shunt pathway. Beta cells become depleted of GABA in type 1 diabetes (in remaining beta cells) and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that loss or reduction of islet GABA correlates with diabetes pathogenesis and may contribute to dysfunction of alpha, beta, and delta cells in diabetic individuals. While the function of GABA in the nervous system is well-understood, the description of the islet GABA system is clouded by differing reports describing multiple secretion pathways and effector functions. This review will discuss and attempt to unify the major experimental results from over 40 years of literature characterizing the role of GABA in the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Walker Hagan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sandra M. Ferreira
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gustavo J. Santos
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab – I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Li WH. Targeting Ceramides and Adiponectin Receptors in the Islet of Langerhans for Treating Diabetes. Molecules 2022; 27:6117. [PMID: 36144859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides belong to the sphingolipid family and represent the central hub of the sphingolipid network. In obesity, oversupply of saturated fatty acids including palmitate raises ceramide levels which can be detrimental to cells. Elevated ceramides can cause insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies over the last few decades have highlighted the role played by ceramides in pancreatic islet β-cell apoptosis, especially under glucolipotoxic and inflammatory conditions. This review focuses on ceramides and adiponectin receptor signaling, summarizing recent advancements in our understanding of their roles in islet β-cells and the discovery of zinc-dependent lipid hydrolase (ceramidase) activity of adiponectin receptors. The therapeutic potential of targeting these events to prevent islet β-cell loss for treating diabetes is discussed.
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Su C, Gao L, May CL, Pippin JA, Boehm K, Lee M, Liu C, Pahl MC, Golson ML, Naji A, Grant SFA, Wells AD, Kaestner KH. 3D chromatin maps of the human pancreas reveal lineage-specific regulatory architecture of T2D risk. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1394-1409.e4. [PMID: 36070683 PMCID: PMC9664375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization maps help dissect cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs. Furthermore, 3D chromatin maps contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of complex genetic diseases by connecting distal regulatory regions and genetic risk variants to their respective target genes. To understand the cell-type-specific regulatory architecture of diabetes risk, we generated transcriptomic and 3D epigenomic profiles of human pancreatic acinar, alpha, and beta cells using single-cell RNA-seq, single-cell ATAC-seq, and high-resolution Hi-C of sorted cells. Comparisons of these profiles revealed differential A/B (open/closed) chromatin compartmentalization, chromatin looping, and transcriptional factor-mediated control of cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs. We identified a total of 4,750 putative causal-variant-to-target-gene pairs at 194 type 2 diabetes GWAS signals using pancreatic 3D chromatin maps. We found that the connections between candidate causal variants and their putative target effector genes are cell-type stratified and emphasize previously underappreciated roles for alpha and acinar cells in diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Su
- Division of Human Genetics and Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Long Gao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine L May
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Division of Human Genetics and Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keith Boehm
- Division of Human Genetics and Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Lee
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Division of Human Genetics and Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria L Golson
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics and Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Shih AZL, Chen YC, Speckmann T, Søndergaard E, Schürmann A, Verchere CB, Willnow TE. SORLA mediates endocytic uptake of proIAPP and protects against islet amyloid deposition. Mol Metab 2022;:101585. [PMID: 36055578 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sorting-related receptor with type A repeats (SORLA) is a neuronal sorting receptor that prevents accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides, the main constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer disease. Recent transcriptomic studies show that SORLA transcripts are also found in beta cells of pancreatic islets, yet the role of SORLA in islets is unknown. Based on its protective role in reducing the amyloid burden in the brain, we hypothesized that SORLA has a similar function in the pancreas via regulation of amyloid formation from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Methods We generated human IAPP transgenic mice lacking SORLA (hIAPP:SORLA KO) to assess the consequences of receptor deficiency for islet histopathology and function in vivo. Using both primary islet cells and cell lines, we further investigated the molecular mechanisms whereby SORLA controls the cellular metabolism and accumulation of IAPP. Results Loss of SORLA activity in hIAPP:SORLA KO resulted in a significant increase in islet amyloid deposits and associated islet cell death compared to hIAPP:SORLA WT animals. Aggravated islet amyloid deposition was observed in mice fed a normal chow diet, not requiring high-fat diet feeding typically needed to induce islet amyloidosis in mouse models. In vitro studies showed that SORLA binds to and mediates the endocytic uptake of proIAPP, but not mature IAPP, delivering the propeptide to an endolysosomal fate. Conclusions SORLA functions as a proIAPP-specific clearance receptor, protecting against islet amyloid deposition and associated cell death caused by IAPP. SORLA is an endocytic receptor for amyloidogenic peptides expressed in islet beta cells. SORLA mediates cellular clearance of proIAPP. Loss of SORLA activity in mouse models causes spontaneous islet amyloid deposition.
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Lasconi C, Pahl MC, Pippin JA, Su C, Johnson ME, Chesi A, Boehm K, Manduchi E, Ou K, Golson ML, Wells AD, Kaestner KH, Grant SFA. Variant-to-gene-mapping analyses reveal a role for pancreatic islet cells in conferring genetic susceptibility to sleep-related traits. Sleep 2022; 45:6583452. [PMID: 35537191 PMCID: PMC9366645 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential role of sleep-trait associated genetic loci in conferring a degree of their effect via pancreatic α- and β-cells, given that both sleep disturbances and metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity, involve polygenic contributions and complex interactions. We determined genetic commonalities between sleep and metabolic disorders, conducting linkage disequilibrium genetic correlation analyses with publicly available GWAS summary statistics. Then we investigated possible enrichment of sleep-trait associated SNPs in promoter-interacting open chromatin regions within α- and β-cells, intersecting public GWAS reports with our own ATAC-seq and high-resolution promoter-focused Capture C data generated from both sorted human α-cells and an established human beta-cell line (EndoC-βH1). Finally, we identified putative effector genes physically interacting with sleep-trait associated variants in α- and EndoC-βH1cells running variant-to-gene mapping and establish pathways in which these genes are significantly involved. We observed that insomnia, short and long sleep-but not morningness-were significantly correlated with type 2 diabetes, obesity and other metabolic traits. Both the EndoC-βH1 and α-cells were enriched for insomnia loci (p = .01; p = .0076), short sleep loci (p = .017; p = .022) and morningness loci (p = 2.2 × 10-7; p = .0016), while the α-cells were also enriched for long sleep loci (p = .034). Utilizing our promoter contact data, we identified 63 putative effector genes in EndoC-βH1 and 76 putative effector genes in α-cells, with these genes showing significant enrichment for organonitrogen and organophosphate biosynthesis, phosphatidylinositol and phosphorylation, intracellular transport and signaling, stress responses and cell differentiation. Our data suggest that a subset of sleep-related loci confer their effects via cells in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lasconi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chun Su
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith Boehm
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - Kristy Ou
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria L Golson
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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