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Liu C, Van Meerbeek K. Predicting the responses of European grassland communities to climate and land cover change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230335. [PMID: 38583469 PMCID: PMC10999271 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
European grasslands are among the most species-rich ecosystems on small spatial scales. However, human-induced activities like land use and climate change pose significant threats to this diversity. To explore how climate and land cover change will affect biodiversity and community composition in grassland ecosystems, we conducted joint species distribution models (SDMs) on the extensive vegetation-plot database sPlotOpen to project distributions of 1178 grassland species across Europe under current conditions and three future scenarios. We further compared model accuracy and computational efficiency between joint SDMs (JSDMs) and stacked SDMs, especially for rare species. Our results show that: (i) grassland communities in the mountain ranges are expected to suffer high rates of species loss, while those in western, northern and eastern Europe will experience substantial turnover; (ii) scaling anomalies were observed in the predicted species richness, reflecting regional differences in the dominant drivers of assembly processes; (iii) JSDMs did not outperform stacked SDMs in predictive power but demonstrated superior efficiency in model fitting and predicting; and (iv) incorporating co-occurrence datasets improved the model performance in predicting the distribution of rare species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders 3001, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders 3001, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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2
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Fastovich D, Radeloff VC, Zuckerberg B, Williams JW. Legacies of millennial-scale climate oscillations in contemporary biodiversity in eastern North America. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230012. [PMID: 38583476 PMCID: PMC10999273 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has caused significant climate changes over the past 90 000 years. Prior work has hypothesized that these millennial-scale climate variations effected past and contemporary biodiversity, but the effects are understudied. Moreover, few biogeographic models have accounted for uncertainties in palaeoclimatic simulations of millennial-scale variability. We examine whether refuges from millennial-scale climate oscillations have left detectable legacies in the patterns of contemporary species richness in eastern North America. We analyse 13 palaeoclimate estimates from climate simulations and proxy-based reconstructions as predictors for the contemporary richness of amphibians, passerine birds, mammals, reptiles and trees. Results suggest that past climate changes owing to AMOC variations have left weak but detectable imprints on the contemporary richness of mammals and trees. High temperature stability, precipitation increase, and an apparent climate fulcrum in the southeastern United States across millennial-scale climate oscillations aligns with high biodiversity in the region. These findings support the hypothesis that the southeastern United States may have acted as a biodiversity refuge. However, for some taxa, the strength and direction of palaeoclimate-richness relationships varies among different palaeoclimate estimates, pointing to the importance of palaeoclimatic ensembles and the need for caution when basing biogeographic interpretations on individual palaeoclimate simulations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fastovich
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 550 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse University, 141 Crouse Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Volker C. Radeloff
- SILVIS Laboratory, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Benjamin Zuckerberg
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John W. Williams
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 550 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 550 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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3
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Ordonez A, Gill JL. Unravelling the functional and phylogenetic dimensions of novel ecosystem assemblages. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230324. [PMID: 38583470 PMCID: PMC10999274 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human activities are causing taxonomic rearrangements across ecosystems that often result in the emergence of novel communities (assemblies with no historical representative). It is commonly assumed that these changes in the taxonomic makeup of ecosystems also inevitably lead to changes in other aspects of biodiversity, namely functional and phylogenetic diversity. However, this assumption is not always valid, as the changes in functional and phylogenetic composition resulting from taxonomic shifts depend on the level of redundancy in the evaluated community. Therefore, we need improved theoretical frameworks to predict when we can expect coordinated or decoupled responses among these three facets of biodiversity. To advance this understanding, we discuss the conceptual and methodological issues that complicate establishing a link between taxonomic rearrangements driven by human activities and the associated functional and phylogenetic changes. Here, we show that is crucial to consider the expected changes in functional and phylogenetic composition as communities are reshaped owing to human drivers of biodiversity loss to forecast the impacts of novel assemblages on ecosystem functions and the services they provide to humanity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ordonez
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacquelyn L. Gill
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, 5751 Murray Hall, Room 100 Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, 5751 Murray Hall, Room 100 Orono, ME 04469, USA
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4
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Alsos IG, Boussange V, Rijal DP, Beaulieu M, Brown AG, Herzschuh U, Svenning JC, Pellissier L. Using ancient sedimentary DNA to forecast ecosystem trajectories under climate change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230017. [PMID: 38583481 PMCID: PMC10999269 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem response to climate change is complex. In order to forecast ecosystem dynamics, we need high-quality data on changes in past species abundance that can inform process-based models. Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) has revolutionised our ability to document past ecosystems' dynamics. It provides time series of increased taxonomic resolution compared to microfossils (pollen, spores), and can often give species-level information, especially for past vascular plant and mammal abundances. Time series are much richer in information than contemporary spatial distribution information, which have been traditionally used to train models for predicting biodiversity and ecosystem responses to climate change. Here, we outline the potential contribution of sedaDNA to forecast ecosystem changes. We showcase how species-level time series may allow quantification of the effect of biotic interactions in ecosystem dynamics, and be used to estimate dispersal rates when a dense network of sites is available. By combining palaeo-time series, process-based models, and inverse modelling, we can recover the biotic and abiotic processes underlying ecosystem dynamics, which are traditionally very challenging to characterise. Dynamic models informed by sedaDNA can further be used to extrapolate beyond current dynamics and provide robust forecasts of ecosystem responses to future climate change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Greve Alsos
- The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Victor Boussange
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Dilli Prasad Rijal
- The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marieke Beaulieu
- The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Antony Gavin Brown
- The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulrike Herzschuh
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegraphenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, Potsdam University, 14479 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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5
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Allen BJ, Hill DJ, Burke AM, Clark M, Marchant R, Stringer LC, Williams DR, Lyon C. Projected future climatic forcing on the global distribution of vegetation types. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230011. [PMID: 38583474 PMCID: PMC10999268 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Most emissions scenarios suggest temperature and precipitation regimes will change dramatically across the globe over the next 500 years. These changes will have large impacts on the biosphere, with species forced to migrate to follow their preferred environmental conditions, therefore moving and fragmenting ecosystems. However, most projections of the impacts of climate change only reach 2100, limiting our understanding of the temporal scope of climate impacts, and potentially impeding suitable adaptive action. To address this data gap, we model future climate change every 20 years from 2000 to 2500 CE, under different CO2 emissions scenarios, using a general circulation model. We then apply a biome model to these modelled climate futures, to investigate shifts in climatic forcing on vegetation worldwide, the feasibility of the migration required to enact these modelled vegetation changes, and potential overlap with human land use based on modern-day anthromes. Under a business-as-usual scenario, up to 40% of terrestrial area is expected to be suited to a different biome by 2500. Cold-adapted biomes, particularly boreal forest and dry tundra, are predicted to experience the greatest losses of suitable area. Without mitigation, these changes could have severe consequences both for global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J. Allen
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Computational Evolution Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J. Hill
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ariane M. Burke
- Département d'Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael Clark
- Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3BD, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Robert Marchant
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Lindsay C. Stringer
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- York Environmental Sustainability Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - David R. Williams
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christopher Lyon
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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6
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Svenning JC, McGeoch MA, Normand S, Ordonez A, Riede F. Navigating ecological novelty towards planetary stewardship: challenges and opportunities in biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230008. [PMID: 38583480 PMCID: PMC10999270 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-induced global changes, including anthropogenic climate change, biotic globalization, trophic downgrading and pervasive land-use intensification, are transforming Earth's biosphere, placing biodiversity and ecosystems at the forefront of unprecedented challenges. The Anthropocene, characterized by the importance of Homo sapiens in shaping the Earth system, necessitates a re-evaluation of our understanding and stewardship of ecosystems. This theme issue delves into the multifaceted challenges posed by the ongoing ecological planetary transformation and explores potential solutions across four key subthemes. Firstly, it investigates the functioning and stewardship of emerging novel ecosystems, emphasizing the urgent need to comprehend the dynamics of ecosystems under uncharted conditions. The second subtheme focuses on biodiversity projections under global change, recognizing the necessity of predicting ecological shifts in the Anthropocene. Importantly, the inherent uncertainties and the complexity of ecological responses to environmental stressors pose challenges for societal responses and for accurate projections of ecological change. The RAD framework (resist-accept-direct) is highlighted as a flexible yet nuanced decision-making tool that recognizes the need for adaptive approaches, providing insights for directing and adapting to Anthropocene dynamics while minimizing negative impacts. The imperative to extend our temporal perspective beyond 2100 is emphasized, given the irreversible changes already set in motion. Advancing methods to study ecosystem dynamics under rising biosphere novelty is the subject of the third subtheme. The fourth subtheme emphasizes the importance of integrating human perspectives into understanding, forecasting and managing novel ecosystems. Cultural diversity and biological diversity are intertwined, and the evolving relationship between humans and ecosystems offers lessons for future stewardship. Achieving planetary stewardship in the Anthropocene demands collaboration across scales and integration of ecological and societal perspectives, scalable approaches fit to changing, novel ecological conditions, as well as cultural innovation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change (SustainScapes), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Melodie A. McGeoch
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Signe Normand
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change (SustainScapes), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Landscape Research in Sustainable Agricultural Futures (Land-CRAFT), Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Ordonez
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change (SustainScapes), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Felix Riede
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Moesgård Allé 20, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark
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Vild O, Chudomelová M, Macek M, Kopecký M, Prach J, Petřík P, Halas P, Juříček M, Smyčková M, Šebesta J, Vojík M, Hédl R. Long-term shift towards shady and nutrient-rich habitats in Central European temperate forests. New Phytol 2024; 242:1018-1028. [PMID: 38436203 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity world-wide has been under increasing anthropogenic pressure in the past century. The long-term response of biotic communities has been tackled primarily by focusing on species richness, community composition and functionality. Equally important are shifts between entire communities and habitat types, which remain an unexplored level of biodiversity change. We have resurveyed > 2000 vegetation plots in temperate forests in central Europe to capture changes over an average of five decades. The plots were assigned to eight broad forest habitat types using an algorithmic classification system. We analysed transitions between the habitat types and interpreted the trend in terms of changes in environmental conditions. We identified a directional shift along the combined gradients of canopy openness and soil nutrients. Nutrient-poor open-canopy forest habitats have declined strongly in favour of fertile closed-canopy habitats. However, the shift was not uniform across the whole gradients. We conclude that the shifts in habitat types represent a century-long successional trend with significant consequences for forest biodiversity. Open forest habitats should be urgently targeted for plant diversity restoration through the implementation of active management. The approach presented here can be applied to other habitat types and at different spatio-temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Prach
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 11 000, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halas
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geonics, Studentská 1768/9, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Juříček
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smyčková
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šebesta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vojík
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, Kaplanova 1931/1, 148 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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8
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Mu Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Wu J, Zhang Y, Yu H, Zhang X. Enhancing amphibian biomonitoring through eDNA metabarcoding. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13931. [PMID: 38345249 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Surveying biodiversity has taken a quantum leap with environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, an immensely powerful approach lauded for its efficiency, sensitivity, and non-invasiveness. This approach emerges as a game-changer for the elusive realm of endangered and rare species-think nocturnal, environmentally elusive amphibians. Here, we have established a framework for constructing a reliable metabarcoding pipeline for amphibians, covering primer design, performance evaluation, laboratory validation, and field validation processes. The Am250 primer, located on the mitochondrial 16S gene, was optimal for the eDNA monitoring of amphibians, which demonstrated higher taxonomic resolution, smaller species amplification bias, and more extraordinary detection ability compared to the other primers tested. Am250 primer exhibit an 83.8% species amplification rate and 75.4% accurate species identification rate for Chinese amphibians in the in silico PCR and successfully amplified all tested species of the standard samples in the in vitro assay. Furthermore, the field-based mesocosm experiment showed that DNA can still be detected by metabarcoding even days to weeks after organisms have been removed from the mesocosm. Moreover, field mesocosm findings indicate that eDNA metabarcoding primers exhibit different read abundances, which can affect the relative biomass of species. Thus, appropriate primers should be screened and evaluated by three experimental approaches: in silico PCR simulation, target DNA amplification, and mesocosm eDNA validation. The selection of a single primer set or multiple primers' combination should be based on the monitoring groups to improve the species detection rate and the credibility of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Wenzel A, Westphal C, Ballauff J, Berkelmann D, Brambach F, Buchori D, Camarretta N, Corre MD, Daniel R, Darras K, Erasmi S, Formaglio G, Hölscher D, Iddris NAA, Irawan B, Knohl A, Kotowska MM, Krashevska V, Kreft H, Mulyani Y, Mußhoff O, Paterno GB, Polle A, Potapov A, Röll A, Scheu S, Schlund M, Schneider D, Sibhatu KT, Stiegler C, Sundawati L, Tjoa A, Tscharntke T, Veldkamp E, Waite PA, Wollni M, Zemp DC, Grass I. Balancing economic and ecological functions in smallholder and industrial oil palm plantations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307220121. [PMID: 38621138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307220121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansion of the oil palm industry in Indonesia has improved livelihoods in rural communities, but comes at the cost of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Here, we investigated ways to balance ecological and economic outcomes of oil palm cultivation. We compared a wide range of production systems, including smallholder plantations, industrialized company estates, estates with improved agronomic management, and estates with native tree enrichment. Across all management types, we assessed multiple indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, management, and landscape structure to identify factors that facilitate economic-ecological win-wins, using palm yields as measure of economic performance. Although, we found that yields in industrialized estates were, on average, twice as high as those in smallholder plantations, ecological indicators displayed substantial variability across systems, regardless of yield variations, highlighting potential for economic-ecological win-wins. Reducing management intensity (e.g., mechanical weeding instead of herbicide application) did not lower yields but improved ecological outcomes at moderate costs, making it a potential measure for balancing economic and ecological demands. Additionally, maintaining forest cover in the landscape generally enhanced local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning within plantations. Enriching plantations with native trees is also a promising strategy to increase ecological value without reducing productivity. Overall, we recommend closing yield gaps in smallholder cultivation through careful intensification, whereas conventional plantations could reduce management intensity without sacrificing yield. Our study highlights various pathways to reconcile the economics and ecology of palm oil production and identifies management practices for a more sustainable future of oil palm cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Wenzel
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Johannes Ballauff
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Dirk Berkelmann
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, Netherlands
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
- Laboratorio Biotecnología de Plantas, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Fabian Brambach
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Marife D Corre
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Darras
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Stefan Erasmi
- Thünen Institute of Farm Economics, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Greta Formaglio
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Najeeb Al-Amin Iddris
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Bambang Irawan
- Forestry Faculty, University of Jambi, Jambi 36361, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Martyna M Kotowska
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yeni Mulyani
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Oliver Mußhoff
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Paterno
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Alexander Röll
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Michael Schlund
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, Netherlands
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Kibrom T Sibhatu
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | | | - Leti Sundawati
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Aiyen Tjoa
- Agriculture Faculty, Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Edzo Veldkamp
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Pierre-André Waite
- Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Forest Botany, Tharandt 01737, Germany
| | - Meike Wollni
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
- Center for Biodiversity and Integrative Taxonomy (KomBioTa), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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10
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Harrison ME, Deere NJ, Imron MA, Nasir D, Adul, Asti HA, Aragay Soler J, Boyd NC, Cheyne SM, Collins SA, D'Arcy LJ, Erb WM, Green H, Healy W, Hendri, Holly B, Houlihan PR, Husson SJ, Iwan, Jeffers KA, Kulu IP, Kusin K, Marchant NC, Morrogh-Bernard HC, Page SE, Purwanto A, Ripoll Capilla B, de Rivera Ortega OR, Santiano, Spencer KL, Sugardjito J, Supriatna J, Thornton SA, Frank van Veen FJ, Yulintine, Struebig MJ. Impacts of fire and prospects for recovery in a tropical peat forest ecosystem. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307216121. [PMID: 38621126 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307216121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled fires place considerable burdens on forest ecosystems, compromising our ability to meet conservation and restoration goals. A poor understanding of the impacts of fire on ecosystems and their biodiversity exacerbates this challenge, particularly in tropical regions where few studies have applied consistent analytical techniques to examine a broad range of ecological impacts over multiyear time frames. We compiled 16 y of data on ecosystem properties (17 variables) and biodiversity (21 variables) from a tropical peatland in Indonesia to assess fire impacts and infer the potential for recovery. Burned forest experienced altered structural and microclimatic conditions, resulting in a proliferation of nonforest vegetation and erosion of forest ecosystem properties and biodiversity. Compared to unburned forest, habitat structure, tree density, and canopy cover deteriorated by 58 to 98%, while declines in species diversity and abundance were most pronounced for trees, damselflies, and butterflies, particularly for forest specialist species. Tracking ecosystem property and biodiversity datasets over time revealed most to be sensitive to recurrent high-intensity fires within the wider landscape. These megafires immediately compromised water quality and tree reproductive phenology, crashing commercially valuable fish populations within 3 mo and driving a gradual decline in threatened vertebrates over 9 mo. Burned forest remained structurally compromised long after a burn event, but vegetation showed some signs of recovery over a 12-y period. Our findings demonstrate that, if left uncontrolled, fire may be a pervasive threat to the ecological functioning of tropical forests, underscoring the importance of fire prevention and long-term restoration efforts, as exemplified in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Harrison
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas J Deere
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Ali Imron
- Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Darmae Nasir
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Adul
- Yayasan Borneo Nature Indonesia, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Hastin Ambar Asti
- Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Joana Aragay Soler
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13 5QL, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C Boyd
- Department of Modern Languages, University of Wales Aberystwyth, Aberystwth SY23 1DE, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Cheyne
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Collins
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J D'Arcy
- Borneo Nature Foundation International, Tremough Innovation Centre, Penryn TR10 9TA, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy M Erb
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Hannah Green
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - William Healy
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Hendri
- Yayasan Borneo Nature Indonesia, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Brendan Holly
- Environmental Studies, Centre College, Danville, KY 40422
| | - Peter R Houlihan
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496
| | - Simon J Husson
- Borneo Nature Foundation International, Tremough Innovation Centre, Penryn TR10 9TA, United Kingdom
| | - Iwan
- Yayasan Borneo Nature Indonesia, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Karen A Jeffers
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Ici P Kulu
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Kitso Kusin
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Nicholas C Marchant
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13 5QL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen C Morrogh-Bernard
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Page
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Purwanto
- Yayasan Borneo Nature Indonesia, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Bernat Ripoll Capilla
- Borneo Nature Foundation International, Tremough Innovation Centre, Penryn TR10 9TA, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Rodriguez de Rivera Ortega
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Santiano
- Yayasan Borneo Nature Indonesia, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Katie L Spencer
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom
| | - Jito Sugardjito
- Centre for Sustainable Energy and Resources Management, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
| | - Jatna Supriatna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Sara A Thornton
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - F J Frank van Veen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Yulintine
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom
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11
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Theis S. Sentiment and attitudes toward offsetting and the biodiversity market in online media articles. Conserv Biol 2024:e14274. [PMID: 38634198 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity offsetting, a conservation approach to offset loss of habitat and ecosystem services, has been widely accepted and implemented in different legislative frameworks around the globe. I assigned sentiment scores (from -3 [very negative] to +3 [very positive]) to online news articles to examine public sentiment toward offsetting. I identified 86 pertinent articles published from 2013 to 2023 by web scraping online media outlets through keywords. I examined article content based on topics commonly associated in scientific literature with offsetting, such as risks or financial aspects. Most articles were from Australia (44%), 16% were from the United Kingdom, and 5% were from Colombia and Madagascar. Three distinct groups covered finances (n = 47), species, and social impacts of offsetting (n = 23) and offsetting frameworks (n = 16). Articles covering monetary and finance aspects had a lower predicted sentiment score (-0.72, 95% CI -0.98 to -0.47) than articles that covered new, alternative offsetting forms (-0.15, 95% CI -0.46 to 0.17), such as mitigation banking and credits. In articles focused on charismatic species and loss of livelihood, offsetting risk and social issues were associated with low sentiment scores (<-0.85). Sentiment scores were high for articles on offsetting at a multicountry or global scale (0.47, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.99), and scores were the lowest in Australia (-1.03, 95% CI -1.36 to -0.70). Public sentiment based on media articles was generally negative toward offsetting, and many of the ecological and methodological issues and risks were reflected in the articles, but mitigation measures as a prerequisite to offsetting were mentioned in only 18% of all articles. With the seemingly high public interest in conservation and hence offsetting, it will be imperative to expand the current breadth of information about offsetting that is being communicated or made available to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Theis
- Fisheries and Aquatic Conservation Lab, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Watershed Planning and Ecosystem Science, Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, North York, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Abolmaali SMR, Tarkesh M, Mousavi SA, Karimzadeh H, Pourmanafi S, Fakheran S. Impacts of spatio-temporal change of landscape patterns on habitat quality across Zayanderud Dam watershed in central Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8780. [PMID: 38627492 PMCID: PMC11021427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The biodiversity of an ecosystem is greatly influenced by the spatio-temporal pattern of the landscape. Understanding how landscape type affects habitat quality (HQ) is important for maintaining environmental and ecological sustainability, preserving biodiversity, and guaranteeing ecological health. This research examined the relationship between the HQ and landscape pattern. The study presented an interpretation of the biodiversity variation associated with the landscape pattern in the Zayanderud Dam watershed area by integrating the Land Change Modeler and the InVEST model. Landsat images and maximum likelihood classification were used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the landscape pattern in 1991 and 2021. The future landscape pattern in 2051 was simulated using a Land Change Modeler. Subsequently, the InVEST model and the landscape maps were used to identify the spatial distribution of HQ and its changes over three periods. The mean values of the HQ in the study area were 0.601, 0.489, and 0.391, respectively, demonstrating a decreasing trend. The effect of landscape pattern change on HQ was also assessed based on landscape metrics, including PD, NP, SHDI, and CONTAG. HQ had a significant positive correlation with the CONTAG parameter (R = 0.78). Additionally, it had a significant inverse correlation with NP (R = - 0.83), PD (R = - 0.61), and SHDI (R = - 0.42). The results showed that the habitats in the northern region had lower quality compared to those in the southern parts of the Zayanderud Dam watershed. The density, diversity, and connectivity of landscape patches significantly influence the HQ in the study area. This research has the potential to enhance understanding of the impacts of land change patterns on biodiversity and establish a scientific basis for the conservation of natural habitats. Additionally, it can facilitate efficient decision-making and planning related to biodiversity conservation and landscape management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Tarkesh
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Seyed Alireza Mousavi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Karimzadeh
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Saeid Pourmanafi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Sima Fakheran
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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13
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Wong MKL, Didham RK. Global meta-analysis reveals overall higher nocturnal than diurnal activity in insect communities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3236. [PMID: 38622174 PMCID: PMC11018786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects sustain key ecosystem functions, but how their activity varies across the day-night cycle and the underlying drivers are poorly understood. Although entomologists generally expect that more insects are active at night, this notion has not been tested with empirical data at the global scale. Here, we assemble 331 quantitative comparisons of the abundances of insects between day and night periods from 78 studies worldwide and use multi-level meta-analytical models to show that insect activity is on average 31.4% (CI: -6.3%-84.3%) higher at night than in the day. We reveal diel preferences of major insect taxa, and observe higher nocturnal activity in aquatic taxa than in terrestrial ones, as well as in warmer environments. In a separate analysis of the small subset of studies quantifying diel patterns in taxonomic richness (31 comparisons from 13 studies), we detect preliminary evidence of higher nocturnal richness in tropical than temperate communities. The higher overall (but variable) nocturnal activity in insect communities underscores the need to address threats such as light pollution and climate warming that may disproportionately impact nocturnal insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K L Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia.
| | - Raphael K Didham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
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14
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Campos S, Troncoso J, Paredes E. Ultrastructural examination of cryodamage in Paracentrotus lividus eggs during cryopreservation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8691. [PMID: 38622199 PMCID: PMC11018813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examinates the challenges of cryopreserving sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) eggs, a task hindered by factors like low membrane permeability and high sensitivity to cryoprotective agents (CPAs). While successful cryopreservation has been achieved for some marine invertebrates, eggs remain problematic due to their unique characteristics. The study explores the impact of various CPAs and cryopreservation techniques on sea urchin eggs, employing scanning and transmission electron microscopy to analyze cellular damage. The findings reveal that exposure to low CPA concentrations (0.5 M) did not induce significant damage to eggs. However, high concentrations (3 M) proved highly detrimental. Every cryopreservation approach investigated in this study resulted in irreversible damage to the sea urchin eggs, rendering them nonviable for future use. The research sheds light on the importance of understanding the structural alterations induced by CPAs and cryopreservation methods. This knowledge is essential for refining cryopreservation methods, potentially paving the way for successful preservation of these challenging cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Campos
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Grupo ECOCOST, Universidade de Vigo, 36208, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J Troncoso
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Grupo ECOCOST, Universidade de Vigo, 36208, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - E Paredes
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Grupo ECOCOST, Universidade de Vigo, 36208, Pontevedra, Spain.
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15
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Clarke SH, Lawrence ER, Matte JM, Gallagher BK, Salisbury SJ, Michaelides SN, Koumrouyan R, Ruzzante DE, Grant JWA, Fraser DJ. Global assessment of effective population sizes: Consistent taxonomic differences in meeting the 50/500 rule. Mol Ecol 2024:e17353. [PMID: 38613250 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Effective population size (Ne) is a particularly useful metric for conservation as it affects genetic drift, inbreeding and adaptive potential within populations. Current guidelines recommend a minimum Ne of 50 and 500 to avoid short-term inbreeding and to preserve long-term adaptive potential respectively. However, the extent to which wild populations reach these thresholds globally has not been investigated, nor has the relationship between Ne and human activities. Through a quantitative review, we generated a dataset with 4610 georeferenced Ne estimates from 3829 populations, extracted from 723 articles. These data show that certain taxonomic groups are less likely to meet 50/500 thresholds and are disproportionately impacted by human activities; plant, mammal and amphibian populations had a <54% probability of reachingN ̂ e $$ {\hat{N}}_e $$ = 50 and a <9% probability of reachingN ̂ e $$ {\hat{N}}_e $$ = 500. Populations listed as being of conservation concern according to the IUCN Red List had a smaller medianN ̂ e $$ {\hat{N}}_e $$ than unlisted populations, and this was consistent across all taxonomic groups.N ̂ e $$ {\hat{N}}_e $$ was reduced in areas with a greater Global Human Footprint, especially for amphibians, birds and mammals, however relationships varied between taxa. We also highlight several considerations for future works, including the role that gene flow and subpopulation structure plays in the estimation ofN ̂ e $$ {\hat{N}}_e $$ in wild populations, and the need for finer-scale taxonomic analyses. Our findings provide guidance for more specific thresholds based on Ne and help prioritise assessment of populations from taxa most at risk of failing to meet conservation thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon H Clarke
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Michel Matte
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian K Gallagher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah J Salisbury
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ramela Koumrouyan
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel E Ruzzante
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - James W A Grant
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dylan J Fraser
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Pozsgai G, Lhoumeau S, Amorim IR, Boieiro M, Cardoso P, Costa R, Ferreira MT, Leite A, Malumbres-Olarte J, Oyarzabal G, Rigal F, Ros-Prieto A, Santos AMC, Gabriel R, Borges PAV. The BALA project: A pioneering monitoring of Azorean forest invertebrates over two decades (1999-2022). Sci Data 2024; 11:368. [PMID: 38605058 PMCID: PMC11009236 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, there is a concerning decline in many insect populations, and this trend likely extends to all arthropods, potentially impacting unique island biota. Native non-endemic and endemic species on islands are under threat due to habitat destruction, with the introduction of exotic, and potentially invasive, species, further contributing to this decline. While long-term studies of plants and vertebrate fauna are available, long-term arthropod datasets are limited, hindering comparisons with better-studied taxa. The Biodiversity of Arthropods of the Laurisilva of the Azores (BALA) project has allowed gathering comprehensive data since 1997 in the Azorean Islands (Portugal), using standardised sampling methods across islands. The dataset includes arthropod counts from epigean (pitfall traps) and canopy-dwelling (beating samples) communities, enriched with species information, biogeographic origins, and IUCN categories. Metadata associated with the sample protocol and events, like sample identifier, archive number, sampled tree species, and trap type are also recorded. The database is available in multiple formats, including Darwin Core, which facilitates the ecological analysis of pressing environmental concerns, such as arthropod population declines and biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Pozsgai
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
| | - Sébastien Lhoumeau
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Isabel R Amorim
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- IUCN SSC Atlantic Islands Invertebrates Specialist Group, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Mário Boieiro
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- IUCN SSC Atlantic Islands Invertebrates Specialist Group, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ricardo Costa
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Teresa Ferreira
- Regional Secretariat of Environment and Climate Change, Project LIFE BEETLES (LIFE 18NAT/PT/000864), Rua do Galo n118, 9700-040, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Abrão Leite
- Rua Fernando Pessoa, n°99 R/C DTO 2765-483, Estoril, Portugal
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guilherme Oyarzabal
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - François Rigal
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- Institut Des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico Chimie pour L'environnement et les Materiaux UMR5254, Comité National de la Recherche Scientifique - University de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Alejandra Ros-Prieto
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Ana M C Santos
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalina Gabriel
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- IUCN SSC Atlantic Islands Invertebrates Specialist Group, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
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17
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Albano PG, Schultz L, Wessely J, Taviani M, Dullinger S, Danise S. The dawn of the tropical Atlantic invasion into the Mediterranean Sea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320687121. [PMID: 38557179 PMCID: PMC11009679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320687121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hotspot already affected by climate-driven biodiversity collapses. Its highly endemic fauna is at further risk if global warming triggers an invasion of tropical Atlantic species. Here, we combine modern species occurrences with a unique paleorecord from the Last Interglacial (135 to 116 ka), a conservative analog of future climate, to model the future distribution of an exemplary subset of tropical West African mollusks, currently separated from the Mediterranean by cold upwelling off north-west Africa. We show that, already under an intermediate climate scenario (RCP 4.5) by 2050, climatic connectivity along north-west Africa may allow tropical species to colonize a by then largely environmentally suitable Mediterranean. The worst-case scenario RCP 8.5 leads to a fully tropicalized Mediterranean by 2100. The tropical Atlantic invasion will add to the ongoing Indo-Pacific invasion through the Suez Canal, irreversibly transforming the entire Mediterranean into a novel ecosystem unprecedented in human history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo G. Albano
- Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples80121, Italy
| | - Lotta Schultz
- Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples80121, Italy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen5006, Norway
| | - Johannes Wessely
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna1030, Austria
| | - Marco Taviani
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Bologna40129, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples80121, Italy
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna1030, Austria
| | - Silvia Danise
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence50121, Italy
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18
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Bertola LD, Quinn L, Hanghøj K, Garcia-Erill G, Rasmussen MS, Balboa RF, Meisner J, Bøggild T, Wang X, Lin L, Nursyifa C, Liu X, Li Z, Chege M, Moodley Y, Brüniche-Olsen A, Kuja J, Schubert M, Agaba M, Santander CG, Sinding MHS, Muwanika V, Masembe C, Siegismund HR, Moltke I, Albrechtsen A, Heller R. Giraffe lineages are shaped by major ancient admixture events. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1576-1586.e5. [PMID: 38479386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Strong genetic structure has prompted discussion regarding giraffe taxonomy,1,2,3 including a suggestion to split the giraffe into four species: Northern (Giraffa c. camelopardalis), Reticulated (G. c. reticulata), Masai (G. c. tippelskirchi), and Southern giraffes (G. c. giraffa).4,5,6 However, their evolutionary history is not yet fully resolved, as previous studies used a simple bifurcating model and did not explore the presence or extent of gene flow between lineages. We therefore inferred a model that incorporates various evolutionary processes to assess the drivers of contemporary giraffe diversity. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 90 wild giraffes from 29 localities across their current distribution. The most basal divergence was dated to 280 kya. Genetic differentiation, FST, among major lineages ranged between 0.28 and 0.62, and we found significant levels of ancient gene flow between them. In particular, several analyses suggested that the Reticulated lineage evolved through admixture, with almost equal contribution from the Northern lineage and an ancestral lineage related to Masai and Southern giraffes. These new results highlight a scenario of strong differentiation despite gene flow, providing further context for the interpretation of giraffe diversity and the process of speciation in general. They also illustrate that conservation measures need to target various lineages and sublineages and that separate management strategies are needed to conserve giraffe diversity effectively. Given local extinctions and recent dramatic declines in many giraffe populations, this improved understanding of giraffe evolutionary history is relevant for conservation interventions, including reintroductions and reinforcements of existing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Bertola
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liam Quinn
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Hanghøj
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Renzo F Balboa
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Meisner
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bøggild
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casia Nursyifa
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilong Li
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mumbi Chege
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Yoshan Moodley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Republic of South Africa
| | | | - Josiah Kuja
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Schubert
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morris Agaba
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Nelson Mandela Road, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Cindy G Santander
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Vincent Muwanika
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Masembe
- College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hans R Siegismund
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Moltke
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Rasmus Heller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Xian C, Leong CM, Luo J, Jia F, Han H, Xie Q. Diversity pattern of insects from Macao based on an updated species checklist after 25 years. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e118110. [PMID: 38617834 PMCID: PMC11016162 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insects represent one of the most diverse groups in the organism world with extremely rich species and morphological diversity, playing important roles in natural and city ecosystems. Regional compilation of insect species lists helps to clarify the richness of insect species in a region, enhances our understanding the structure and function of a local ecosystem and promotes the protection and development of insect resources. Moreover, it also serves as a valuable reference for cities with small area, large population and high urbanisation like Macao. Macao (Macau) Special Administrative Region (SAR) is situated at the Pearl River Delta on the southeast coast of mainland China. With urban development accelerating at great rate in a quite restricted area, Macao still has rich fauna, within which the insect diversity is surprisingly high. New information In this study, we systematically sorted out major references items of manuals or handbooks, monographs, articles, dissertations, official websites and other publicly available information sources about the insects recorded in Macao and, thus, generated a checklist of 15 orders, 166 families, 868 genera, 1,339 species and 118 subspecies. During this process, the preliminarily summarised list was re-examined to eliminate synonyms and invalid species, based on many more extensive literature reviews. Besides, spelling errors of scientific names, authors and years were corrected. Meanwhile, the catalogue revealed a different composition pattern of species diversity between orders from those of the world and China. Even based on the most conservative estimates, the number of insect species in Macao should not be lower than 3,340 species, which hints at the necessity of deeper investigations with adequate collecting in the future to achieve more comprehensive recognition and understanding of Macao's insect biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Xian
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chi Man Leong
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing normal university – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, ChinaDepartment of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing normal university – Hong Kong Baptist University United International CollegeZhuhaiChina
- Macao Entomological Society, Estrada Coronel Nicolau de Mesquita, Macao SAR, ChinaMacao Entomological Society, Estrada Coronel Nicolau de MesquitaMacao SARChina
| | - Jiuyang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fenglong Jia
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongxiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Xie
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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20
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Meyer M, Melville DW, Baldwin HJ, Wilhelm K, Nkrumah EE, Badu EK, Oppong SK, Schwensow N, Stow A, Vallo P, Corman VM, Tschapka M, Drosten C, Sommer S. Bat species assemblage predicts coronavirus prevalence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2887. [PMID: 38575573 PMCID: PMC10994947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances and the subsequent loss of biodiversity are altering species abundances and communities. Since species vary in their pathogen competence, spatio-temporal changes in host assemblages may lead to changes in disease dynamics. We explore how longitudinal changes in bat species assemblages affect the disease dynamics of coronaviruses (CoVs) in more than 2300 cave-dwelling bats captured over two years from five caves in Ghana. This reveals uneven CoV infection patterns between closely related species, with the alpha-CoV 229E-like and SARS-related beta-CoV 2b emerging as multi-host pathogens. Prevalence and infection likelihood for both phylogenetically distinct CoVs is influenced by the abundance of competent species and naïve subadults. Broadly, bat species vary in CoV competence, and highly competent species are more common in less diverse communities, leading to increased CoV prevalence in less diverse bat assemblages. In line with the One Health framework, our work supports the notion that biodiversity conservation may be the most proactive measure to prevent the spread of pathogens with zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Meyer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dominik W Melville
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heather J Baldwin
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerstin Wilhelm
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Evans Ewald Nkrumah
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer K Badu
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kingsley Oppong
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nina Schwensow
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adam Stow
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Vallo
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Victor M Corman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Sommer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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21
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Alter K, Jacquemont J, Claudet J, Lattuca ME, Barrantes ME, Marras S, Manríquez PH, González CP, Fernández DA, Peck MA, Cattano C, Milazzo M, Mark FC, Domenici P. Hidden impacts of ocean warming and acidification on biological responses of marine animals revealed through meta-analysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2885. [PMID: 38570485 PMCID: PMC10991405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results remain on the impacts of climate change on marine organisms, hindering our capacity to predict the future state of marine ecosystems. To account for species-specific responses and for the ambiguous relation of most metrics to fitness, we develop a meta-analytical approach based on the deviation of responses from reference values (absolute change) to complement meta-analyses of directional (relative) changes in responses. Using this approach, we evaluate responses of fish and invertebrates to warming and acidification. We find that climate drivers induce directional changes in calcification, survival, and metabolism, and significant deviations in twice as many biological responses, including physiology, reproduction, behavior, and development. Widespread deviations of responses are detected even under moderate intensity levels of warming and acidification, while directional changes are mostly limited to more severe intensity levels. Because such deviations may result in ecological shifts impacting ecosystem structures and processes, our results suggest that climate change will likely have stronger impacts than those previously predicted based on directional changes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Alter
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 59, 1790, AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands.
| | - Juliette Jacquemont
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
| | - María E Lattuca
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - María E Barrantes
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur; Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (UNTDF - ICPA), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410BXE, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Stefano Marras
- CNR-IAS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Instituto per lo studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino. Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Claudio P González
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Daniel A Fernández
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Ushuaia, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur; Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (UNTDF - ICPA), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410BXE, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Myron A Peck
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 59, 1790, AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Marine Animal Ecology Group, De Elst 1, 6708, WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Cattano
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, I-90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Milazzo
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 20, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Felix C Mark
- Section of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Instituto per lo studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino. Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- CNR-IBF, Area di Ricerca San Cataldo, Via G. Moruzzi N°1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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22
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Hu Z, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Fanin N, Chen X, Zhou Y, Du G, Hu F, Jiang L, Hu S, Liu M. Nutrient-induced acidification modulates soil biodiversity-function relationships. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2858. [PMID: 38570522 PMCID: PMC10991381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment is a major global change component that often disrupts the relationship between aboveground biodiversity and ecosystem functions by promoting species dominance, altering trophic interactions, and reducing ecosystem stability. Emerging evidence indicates that nutrient enrichment also reduces soil biodiversity and weakens the relationship between belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we explore the effects of nutrient enrichment on soil properties, soil biodiversity, and multiple ecosystem functions through a 13-year field experiment. We show that soil acidification induced by nutrient enrichment, rather than changes in mineral nutrient and carbon (C) availability, is the primary factor negatively affecting the relationship between soil diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions significantly reduce soil pH, diversity of bacteria, fungi and nematodes, as well as an array of ecosystem functions related to C and nutrient cycling. Effects of nutrient enrichment on microbial diversity also have negative consequences at higher trophic levels on the diversity of microbivorous nematodes. These results indicate that nutrient-induced acidification can cascade up its impacts along the soil food webs and influence ecosystem functioning, providing novel insight into the mechanisms through which nutrient enrichment influences soil community and ecosystem properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Centre for Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‑Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guozhen Du
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Manqiang Liu
- Centre for Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‑Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
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23
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Yang J, Wang X, Carmona CP, Wang X, Shen G. Inverse relationship between species competitiveness and intraspecific trait variability may enable species coexistence in experimental seedling communities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2895. [PMID: 38570481 PMCID: PMC10991546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Theory suggests that intraspecific trait variability may promote species coexistence when competitively inferior species have higher intraspecific trait variability than their superior competitors. Here, we provide empirical evidence for this phenomenon in tree seedlings. We evaluated intraspecific variability and plastic response of ten traits in 6750 seedlings of ten species in a three-year greenhouse experiment. While we observed no relationship between intraspecific trait variability and species competitiveness in competition-free homogeneous environments, an inverse relationship emerged under interspecific competition and in spatially heterogeneous environments. We showed that this relationship is driven by the plastic response of the competitively inferior species: Compared to their competitively superior counterparts, they exhibited a greater increase in trait variability, particularly in fine-root traits, in response to competition, environmental heterogeneity and their combination. Our findings contribute to understanding how interspecific competition and intraspecific trait variability together structure plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiya Wang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Xihua Wang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No.2), Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guochun Shen
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No.2), Shanghai, 200092, China.
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24
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Liu Y, Hogan JA, Lichstein JW, Guralnick RP, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Scheiner SM. Biodiversity and productivity in eastern US forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314231121. [PMID: 38527197 PMCID: PMC10998592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314231121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite experimental and observational studies demonstrating that biodiversity enhances primary productivity, the best metric for predicting productivity at broad geographic extents-functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, or species richness-remains unknown. Using >1.8 million tree measurements from across eastern US forests, we quantified relationships among functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, species richness, and productivity. Surprisingly, functional trait and phylogenetic diversity explained little variation in productivity that could not be explained by tree species richness. This result was consistent across the entire eastern United States, within ecoprovinces, and within data subsets that controlled for biomass or stand age. Metrics of functional trait and phylogenetic diversity that were independent of species richness were negatively correlated with productivity. This last result suggests that processes that determine species sorting and packing are likely important for the relationships between productivity and biodiversity. This result also demonstrates the potential confusion that can arise when interdependencies among different diversity metrics are ignored. Our findings show the value of species richness as a predictive tool and highlight gaps in knowledge about linkages between functional diversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - J. Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | | | - Robert P. Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
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25
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Luo Y, Du L, Zhang J, Ren H, Shen Y, Zhang J, Li N, Tian R, Wang S, Liu H, Xu Z. Nitrogen addition alleviates the adverse effects of drought on plant productivity in a temperate steppe. Ecol Appl 2024:e2969. [PMID: 38562107 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Drought and nitrogen enrichment could profoundly affect the productivity of semiarid ecosystems. However, how ecosystem productivity will respond to different drought scenarios, especially with a concurrent increase in nitrogen availability, is still poorly understood. Using data from a 4-year field experiment conducted in a semiarid temperate steppe, we explored the responses of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to different drought scenarios and nitrogen addition, and the underlying mechanisms linking soil properties, plant species richness, functional diversity (community-weighted means of plant traits, functional dispersion) and phylogenetic diversity (net relatedness index) to ANPP. Our results showed that completely excluding precipitation in June (1-month intense drought) and reducing half the precipitation amount from June to August (season-long chronic drought) both significantly reduced ANPP, with the latter having a more negative impact on ANPP. However, reducing half of the precipitation frequency from June to August (precipitation redistribution) had no significant effect on ANPP. Nitrogen addition increased ANPP irrespective of drought scenarios. ANPP was primarily determined by soil moisture and nitrogen availability by regulating the community-weighted means of plant height, rather than other aspects of plant diversity. Our findings suggest that precipitation amount is more important than precipitation redistribution in influencing the productivity of temperate steppe, and nitrogen supply could alleviate the adverse impacts of drought on grassland productivity. Our study advances the mechanistic understanding of how the temperate grassland responds to drought stress, and implies that management strategies to protect tall species in the community would be beneficial for maintaining the productivity and carbon sequestration of grassland ecosystems under climate drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lan Du
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ru Tian
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Heyong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhuwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot, China
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26
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Montràs-Janer T, Suggitt AJ, Fox R, Jönsson M, Martay B, Roy DB, Walker KJ, Auffret AG. Anthropogenic climate and land-use change drive short- and long-term biodiversity shifts across taxa. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:739-751. [PMID: 38347088 PMCID: PMC11009105 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and habitat loss present serious threats to nature. Yet, due to a lack of historical land-use data, the potential for land-use change and baseline land-use conditions to interact with a changing climate to affect biodiversity remains largely unknown. Here, we use historical land use, climate data and species observation data to investigate the patterns and causes of biodiversity change in Great Britain. We show that anthropogenic climate change and land conversion have broadly led to increased richness, biotic homogenization and warmer-adapted communities of British birds, butterflies and plants over the long term (50+ years) and short term (20 years). Biodiversity change was found to be largely determined by baseline environmental conditions of land use and climate, especially over shorter timescales, suggesting that biodiversity change in recent periods could reflect an inertia derived from past environmental changes. Climate-land-use interactions were mostly related to long-term change in species richness and beta diversity across taxa. Semi-natural grasslands (in a broad sense, including meadows, pastures, lowland and upland heathlands and open wetlands) were associated with lower rates of biodiversity change, while their contribution to national-level biodiversity doubled over the long term. Our findings highlight the need to protect and restore natural and semi-natural habitats, alongside a fuller consideration of individual species' requirements beyond simple measures of species richness in biodiversity management and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montràs-Janer
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Suggitt
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Mari Jönsson
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - David B Roy
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | | | - Alistair G Auffret
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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27
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van Klink R, Bowler DE, Gongalsky KB, Shen M, Swengel SR, Chase JM. Disproportionate declines of formerly abundant species underlie insect loss. Nature 2024; 628:359-364. [PMID: 38123681 PMCID: PMC11006610 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies have reported widespread declines in terrestrial insect abundances in recent years1-4, but trends in other biodiversity metrics are less clear-cut5-7. Here we examined long-term trends in 923 terrestrial insect assemblages monitored in 106 studies, and found concomitant declines in abundance and species richness. For studies that were resolved to species level (551 sites in 57 studies), we observed a decline in the number of initially abundant species through time, but not in the number of very rare species. At the population level, we found that species that were most abundant at the start of the time series showed the strongest average declines (corrected for regression-to-the-mean effects). Rarer species were, on average, also declining, but these were offset by increases of other species. Our results suggest that the observed decreases in total insect abundance2 can mostly be explained by widespread declines of formerly abundant species. This counters the common narrative that biodiversity loss is mostly characterized by declines of rare species8,9. Although our results suggest that fundamental changes are occurring in insect assemblages, it is important to recognize that they represent only trends from those locations for which sufficient long-term data are available. Nevertheless, given the importance of abundant species in ecosystems10, their general declines are likely to have broad repercussions for food webs and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Computer Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Diana E Bowler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, UK
| | - Konstantin B Gongalsky
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Minghua Shen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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28
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Vo VQ, Ho HC, Dao HV, Tran TC. New species of the eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina from Vietnam, South China Sea (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae). J Fish Biol 2024; 104:1067-1078. [PMID: 38174627 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two new cutthroat eel species are described from Vietnam. Dysomma intermedium sp. nov. has a relatively long trunk, being about half of head length and anal-fin origin more than twice pectoral-fin length behind the pectoral-fin tip; pectoral fin well developed; dorsal-fin origin over or slightly in front of base of pectoral fin; two intermaxillary teeth; four or five compound teeth on ethmovomer; single row of seven or eight teeth on lower jaw; total lateral-line pores 70-76; and 21 pre-anal and 118-124 total vertebrae. Dysommina brevis sp. nov. differs from congeners by having a trunk shorter than head length, its length 11.1%-11.8% TL; a short pre-anal length 24.6%-25.6% TL, eye diameter 11.8%-12.3% head length; three large and one or two small teeth on ethmovomer; and fewer teeth on the upper and lower jaws. In addition, a specimen representing the first record of Dysommina orientalis in Vietnamese water is documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Quang Vo
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
| | - Hsuan-Ching Ho
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institude of Marine Biology, National Donghwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Ichthyology, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ha Viet Dao
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
| | - Thinh Cong Tran
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
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Burian A, Kremen C, Wu JST, Beckmann M, Bulling M, Garibaldi LA, Krisztin T, Mehrabi Z, Ramankutty N, Seppelt R. Biodiversity-production feedback effects lead to intensification traps in agricultural landscapes. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:752-760. [PMID: 38448509 PMCID: PMC11009109 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture with high reliance on pesticides and fertilizers constitutes a major strategy for 'feeding the world'. However, such conventional intensification is linked to diminishing returns and can result in 'intensification traps'-production declines triggered by the negative feedback of biodiversity loss at high input levels. Here we developed a novel framework that accounts for biodiversity feedback on crop yields to evaluate the risk and magnitude of intensification traps. Simulations grounded in systematic literature reviews showed that intensification traps emerge in most landscape types, but to a lesser extent in major cereal production systems. Furthermore, small reductions in maximal production (5-10%) could be frequently transmitted into substantial biodiversity gains, resulting in small-loss large-gain trade-offs prevailing across landscape types. However, sensitivity analyses revealed a strong context dependence of trap emergence, inducing substantial uncertainty in the identification of optimal management at the field scale. Hence, we recommend the development of case-specific safety margins for intensification preventing double losses in biodiversity and food security associated with intensification traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Burian
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
- Marine Ecology Department, Lurio University, Nampula, Mozambique.
| | - Claire Kremen
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre and IBioS Collaboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James Shyan-Tau Wu
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mark Bulling
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Viedma, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Viedma, Argentina
| | - Tamás Krisztin
- Integrated Biosphere Futures, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Zia Mehrabi
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Navin Ramankutty
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ralf Seppelt
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Geoscience and Geography, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Heinecke T, De Frenne P, Verheyen K, Nijs I, Matthysen E, Campioli M. Unpunctual in diversity: The effect of stand species richness on spring phenology of deciduous tree stands varies among species and years. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17266. [PMID: 38533756 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Climatic drivers alone do not adequately explain the regional variation in budburst timing in deciduous forests across Europe. Stand-level factors, such as tree species richness, might affect budburst timing by creating different microclimates under the same site macroclimate. We assessed different phases of the spring phenology (start, midpoint, end, and overall duration of the budburst period) of four important European tree species (Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Tilia cordata) in monocultures and four-species mixture stands of a common garden tree biodiversity experiment in Belgium (FORBIO) in 2021 and 2022. Microclimatic differences between the stands in terms of bud chilling, temperature forcing, and soil temperature were considerable, with four-species mixtures being generally colder than monocultures in spring, but not in winter. In the colder spring of 2021, at the stand level, the end of the budburst period was advanced, and its overall duration shortened, in the four-species mixtures. At species level, this response was significant for F. sylvatica. In the warmer spring of 2022, advances in spring phenology in four-species stands were observed again in F. sylvatica and, less markedly, in B. pendula but without a general response at the stand level. Q. robur showed specific patterns with delayed budburst start in 2021 in the four-species mixtures and very short budburst duration for all stands in 2022. Phenological differences between monocultures and four-species mixtures were linked to microclimatic differences in light availability rather than in temperature as even comparatively colder microclimates showed an advanced phenology. Compared to weather conditions, tree species richness had a lower impact on budburst timing, but this impact can be of importance for key species like F. sylvatica and colder springs. These results indicate that forest biodiversity can affect budburst phenology, with wider implications, especially for forest- and land surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Heinecke
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Naturelab (ForNaLab), Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Naturelab (ForNaLab), Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology (EVECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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31
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Partemi R, Debortoli N, Martínez A, Kamburska L, Souffreau C, Matheve H, Vantieghem P, De Meester L, van Doninck K, Merckx T, Fontaneto D. Weak effect of urbanization on bdelloid rotifers living in lichens. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231978. [PMID: 38633346 PMCID: PMC11021934 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have an overwhelming impact on the natural environment, leading to a deep biodiversity crisis whose effects range from genes to ecosystems. Here, we analysed the effect of such anthropogenic impacts on bdelloid rotifers (Rotifera Bdelloidea), for whom these effects are poorly understood. We targeted bdelloid rotifers living in lichen patches across urbanization gradients in Flanders and Brussels (Belgium). Urbanization was measured as the percentage of built-up area (BU) across different spatial scales, at circles from 50 to 3200 m of radius around the lichen. Urbanization effects on biodiversity were assessed on abundance, species richness and community-weighted mean body size of bdelloid rotifers, as well as on genetic diversity of a mitochondrial marker (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) of one of the most common and widespread bdelloid species, Adineta vaga. Overall, no negative effect of urbanization was found at any diversity level and any spatial scale. Counterintuitively, the BU area quantified at the largest spatial scale had a positive effect on abundance. These results leave open the question of whether negative effects of urbanization are present for bdelloid rotifers, if they are mediated by other unexplored drivers, or if such effects are only visible at even larger spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Partemi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Modena and Reggio-Emilia University, Modena41125, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, 28922, Italy
| | | | - Alejandro Martínez
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, 28922, Italy
| | - Lyudmila Kamburska
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, 28922, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo90133, Italy
| | - Caroline Souffreau
- Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, Evolution & Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Hans Matheve
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Gent9000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vantieghem
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Gent9000, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, Evolution & Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven3000, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Berlin12587, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin14195, Germany
| | - Karine van Doninck
- Research Unit in Molecular Biology and Evolution, DBO, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels1050, Belgium
| | - Thomas Merckx
- WILD, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels1050, Belgium
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, 28922, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo90133, Italy
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32
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Blake K, Anderson SC, Gleave A, Veríssimo D. Impact on species' online attention when named after celebrities. Conserv Biol 2024; 38:e14184. [PMID: 37700661 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Celebrities can generate substantial attention and influence public interest in species. Using a large-scale examination of publicly available data, we assessed whether species across 6 taxonomic groups received more page views on Wikipedia when the species was named after a celebrity than when it was not. We conducted our analysis for 4 increasingly strict thresholds of how many average daily Wikipedia page views a celebrity had (1, 10, 100, or 1000 views). Overall, we found a high probability (0.96-0.98) that species named after celebrities had more page views than their closest relatives that were not named after celebrities, irrespective of the celebrity threshold. The multiplicative effect on species' page views was larger but more uncertain as celebrity page-view thresholds increased. The range for thresholds of 1 to 1000 was 1.08 (95% credible interval [CI] 1.00-1.18) to 1.76 (95% CI 0.96-2.80), respectively. The hierarchical estimates for the taxa tended to be positive. The strongest effects were for invertebrates, followed by amphibians, reptiles, fish, and mammals, whereas the weakest effect was for birds at lower page-view thresholds. Our results suggest that naming species after celebrities could be particularly significant for those belonging to taxonomic groups that are generally less popular than others (e.g., invertebrates). Celebrities may further influence the effectiveness of this marketing strategy, depending on their likability and connection to the species named after them. Eponyms may serve as a reminder of the disproportionate power dynamics between populations and some namesakes' untenable actions. However, they also provide an opportunity to recognize remarkable individuals and promote equity, inclusivity, and diversity in taxonomic practice. We encourage taxonomists to examine whether naming threatened species after celebrities could affect conservation support, especially for species that are otherwise typically overlooked by the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Blake
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean C Anderson
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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Robert A. Building references for nature conservation. Conserv Biol 2024; 38:e14202. [PMID: 37811723 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Conservation references have long been used in conservation biology to compare current biodiversity processes and states with past conditions. However, beyond the paucity of data for the construction of ancient, even prehuman, references, the relevance of these ancient references for studying ecosystems radically modified by human activities is questionable, particularly when the notions of conservation references and conservation objectives are confused and when several conservation ethics coexist that require distinct references. Because of this implicit heterogeneity in the nature of the references and their temporal baseline, conservation references not only have different meanings, but also deliver different messages. I propose establishing a common framework for conservation references to approach past biological systems and build comparable references between studies and projects. The selection of these references (distinct from conservation objectives) should be an early, explicit, standardized, and transparent milestone in any conservation process and these references should be based on state, pressure, or process dynamics, rather than fixed states. Finally, the importance of the diversity of temporal baselines used to build conservation references and to measure anthropogenic impacts should be recognized to understand the biodiversity crisis in its entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Robert
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Isah MB, Muhammad Z, Lawan MM, Alkhamis AI, Goni BW, Oakley SS, Marshall K, Hartig R, Raouf ISA, Yoshimatsu T, Chagas AM, Maina MB. Setting up a state-of-the-art laboratory in resource limited settings: A case study of the biomedical science research and training centre in Northeast Nigeria. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1681-1695. [PMID: 38311832 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
African science has substantial potential, yet it grapples with significant challenges. Here we describe the establishment of the Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre (BioRTC) in Yobe State, Northeast Nigeria, as a case study of a hub fostering on-continent research and describe strategies to overcome current barriers. We detail the steps taken to establish BioRTC, emphasising the critical importance of stakeholder engagement, community involvement, resource optimisation and collaborations. With its state-of-the-art facilities and commitment to training African scientists, BioRTC is poised to significantly advance neuroscience research and training in the region. Although we are in the early stages of our journey, our model, emphasizing open access and inclusivity, offers a replicable blueprint for neuroscience research development in similar resource-limited settings, promising to enrich the global neuroscience community. We invite the support and collaboration of those who share our vision and believe in our potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtala Bindawa Isah
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Zaid Muhammad
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Musa Lawan
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Abdulrahman Idris Alkhamis
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Baba Waru Goni
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Sebastian Scott Oakley
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Karen Marshall
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Renée Hartig
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Issa Sabi-Abdoul Raouf
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Maintenance of the Nervous System & Behaviour, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - André Maia Chagas
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
| | - Mahmoud Bukar Maina
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
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Montràs-Janer T, Suggitt AJ, Fox R, Jönsson M, Martay B, Roy DB, Walker KJ, Auffret AG. Author Correction: Anthropogenic climate and land-use change drive short- and long-term biodiversity shifts across taxa. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:831. [PMID: 38548862 PMCID: PMC11009099 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montràs-Janer
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Suggitt
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Mari Jönsson
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - David B Roy
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | | | - Alistair G Auffret
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Yabuki A, Hoshino T, Nakamura T, Mizuno K. The copy number of the eukaryotic rRNA gene can be counted comprehensively. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1399. [PMID: 38436548 PMCID: PMC10910464 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene sequence has been widely used in molecular ecology. For instance, the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene has been widely used as a biological marker to understand microbial communities. The variety of the detected rRNA gene sequences reflects the diversity of the microorganisms existing in the analyzed sample. Their biomass can also be estimated by applying quantitative sequencing with information on rRNA gene copy numbers in genomes; however, information on rRNA gene copy numbers is still limited. Especially, the copy number in microbial eukaryotes is much less understood than that of prokaryotes, possibly because of the large and complex structure of eukaryotic genomes. In this study, we report an alternative approach that is more appropriate than the existing method of quantitative sequencing and demonstrate that the copy number of eukaryotic rRNA can be measured efficiently and comprehensively. By applying this approach widely, information on the eukaryotic rRNA copy number can be determined, and their community structures can be depicted and compared more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yabuki
- Research Institute for Global ChangeJapan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosukaKanagawaJapan
- Advanced Institute for Marine Ecosystem Change (WPI‐AIMEC)YokosukaKanagawaJapan
| | - Tatsuhiko Hoshino
- Advanced Institute for Marine Ecosystem Change (WPI‐AIMEC)YokosukaKanagawaJapan
- Institute for Extra‐cutting‐edge Science and Technology Avant‐garde ResearchJapan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyNankokuKochiJapan
| | - Tamiko Nakamura
- Research Institute for Global ChangeJapan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosukaKanagawaJapan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Research Institute for Global ChangeJapan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosukaKanagawaJapan
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Mejia E, Reis RE. Molecular and morphometric data provide evidence of intraspecific variation in shape and pigmentation pattern in Otocinclus cocama (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) across major river drainages. J Fish Biol 2024; 104:1042-1053. [PMID: 38149310 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Otocinclus cocama, a uniquely colored species of the loricariid catfish genus Otocinclus described solely from the type locality in the lower Ucayali River in northern Peru, is reported occurring in the Tigre River, a tributary to the Marañón River that drains a different section of the Andean Mountain range in the western Amazon. Both populations differ in the number of dark bars spanning the flanks of the body, and we investigated whether these morphotypes constitute distinct species. The body shapes of populations from the Tigre and Ucayali rivers were compared using geometric morphometrics. Although principal component analysis detected a broad overlap between populations, multivariate analysis of variance and linear driscriminat analysis revealed a subtle differentiation between the populations of the two hydrographic basins. Average body shape of the Ucayali River population tend to be slightly higher than that of the Tigre River, with the caudal peduncle stretched vertically in the Ucayali population. Multivariate regression of shape and centroid size revealed an allometric effect of 10.7% (p < 0.001), suggesting that the variation between Tigre and Ucayali populations was purely shape variation. Molecular data of coI, cytb, nd2, and 16S mitochondrial genes indicated a nucleotide diversity range from 0.001 to 0.003, and haplotypic diversity range from 0.600 ± 0.11 to 0.79 ± 0.07. The median-joining haplotype network for the concatenated matrix exhibited two divergent haplogroups related to the geographic area and separated by <10 mutational steps. The molecular species delimitation methods based on distance (automatic barcode gap discovery and assemble species by automatic partitioning) recovered two molecular lineages evolving independently, being one of the lineages formed by individuals from both populations. Tree-based methods (generalized mixed Yule coalescent and Bayesian implementation of the Poisson tree process) recovered similar topologies and supported single lineage recognition. Methods of molecular delimitation of species disclosed the high similarity between the two populations of Otocinclus cocama, further supported by the presence of old haplotypes common to both groups which could indicate that the populations still maintain gene flow. Although the morphological data reveal a subtle variation between both river basins, the molecular data suggest a weak population structuration based on hydrographic areas, but not different species lineages, therefore Otocinclus cocama is composed of a single lineage with two distinct morphotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mejia
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Systematics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto E Reis
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Systematics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ekberzade B, Yetemen O, Ezber Y, Sen OL, Dalfes HN. Latitude or altitude as the future refugium? A case for the future of forests in Asia Minor and its surroundings. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11131. [PMID: 38617103 PMCID: PMC11009660 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
At the current juncture with climate change, centennial projections of species distributions in biodiversity hotspots, using dynamic vegetation models may provide vital insight into conservation efforts. This study aims to answer: (1) if climate change progresses under a business-as-usual scenario of anthropogenic emissions for this century, how may the forest ranges be affected? (2) will there be potential regional extinctions of the taxa simulated? (3) may any site emerge as a potential refugium? STUDY AREA Anatolian Peninsula and its surroundings, longitudes 24-50° E, latitudes 33-46° N. Time Period: 1961-2100. Major Taxa Studied: 25 woody species and a C3 grass-type. METHOD Keeping a spatial window large enough to track potential changes in the vegetation range and composition especially in the mountain ranges within the study area, we parameterized a process-based regional-to-global dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS v 4.1), forced it with ERA5-Land reanalysis for the historical period, and five different bias-corrected centennial global circulation model (GCM) datasets under SSP5-8.5, and simulated the dynamic responses of key forest species. Bivariate spatio-temporal maps from the simulation results were constructed for final analysis. RESULTS A significant increase in woody taxa biomass for the majority of our study area, towards the end of the century was simulated, where temperate taxa with high tolerance for drought and a wider range of temperatures took dominance. The mountain ranges in our study area stood out as critical potential refugia for cold favoring species. There were no regional extinctions of taxa, however, important changes in areal dominance and potential future forest composition were simulated. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our simulation results suggest a high potential for future forest cover in our study region by the end of the century under a high emissions scenario, sans human presence, with important changes in vegetation composition, including encroachment of grasslands ecosystems by woody taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikem Ekberzade
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Omer Yetemen
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Yasemin Ezber
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Omer Lutfi Sen
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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Mahajan SL, Obiene S, Ojwang L, Olwero N, Valdivia A, Wosu A, Adrid E, Andradi-Brown DA, Andriamalala G, Ban NC, Bennett NJ, Blythe J, Cheng SH, Darling E, De Nardo M, Drury O'Neill E, Epstein G, Fidler RY, Fisher K, Geldmann J, Gill DA, Kroner RG, Gurney G, Jagadish A, Jonas HD, Lazuardi ME, Petersen S, Ranarivelo VV, Rasoloformanana L, Rasolozaka TM, Read DJ, Mwaiteleke ES, Ahmadia G. Introducing Elinor for monitoring the governance and management of area-based conservation. Conserv Biol 2024; 38:e14213. [PMID: 37904666 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the governance and management effectiveness of area-based conservation has long been recognized as an important foundation for achieving national and global biodiversity goals and enabling adaptive management. However, there are still many barriers that prevent conservation actors, including those affected by governance and management systems from implementing conservation activities and programs and from gathering and using data on governance and management to inform decision-making across spatial scales and through time. We explored current and past efforts to assess governance and management effectiveness and barriers actors face in using the resulting data and insights to inform conservation decision-making. To help overcome these barriers, we developed Elinor, a free and open-source monitoring tool that builds on the work of Nobel Prize winner Elinor Ostrom to facilitate the gathering, storing, sharing, analyzing, and use of data on environmental governance and management across spatial scales and for areas under different governance and management types. We consider the process of codesigning and piloting Elinor with conservation scientists and practitioners and the main components of the assessment and online data system. We also consider how Elinor complements existing approaches by addressing governance and management in a single assessment at a high level for different types of area-based conservation, providing flexible options for data collection, and integrating a data system with an assessment that can support data use and sharing across different spatial scales, including global monitoring of the Global Biodiversity Framework. Although challenges will continue, the process of developing Elinor and the tool itself offer tangible solutions to barriers that prevent the systematic collection and use of governance and management data. With broader uptake, Elinor can play a valuable role in enabling more effective, inclusive, and durable area-based conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna L Mahajan
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samson Obiene
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development, Indian Ocean (CORDIO), Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Lenice Ojwang
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development, Indian Ocean (CORDIO), Mombasa, Kenya
- Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nasser Olwero
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Abel Valdivia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adaoma Wosu
- The Landscapes and Livelihoods Group, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Emily Adrid
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Natalie C Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan J Bennett
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
- The Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- People and the Ocean Specialist Group, Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
- EqualSea Lab, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Jessica Blythe
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Emily Darling
- Emily Darling, Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Graham Epstein
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Y Fidler
- Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kim Fisher
- Emily Darling, Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jonas Geldmann
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David A Gill
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Golden Kroner
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Georgina Gurney
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arundhati Jagadish
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Harry D Jonas
- Conservation Areas Initiative, WWF, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Samantha Petersen
- Southwest Indian Ocean Seascape Program, WWF Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Tojo M Rasolozaka
- Results-Based Management Unit, WWF Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Daniel J Read
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Gabby Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
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Toivanen M, Maliniemi T, Hjort J, Salminen H, Ala-Hulkko T, Kemppinen J, Karjalainen O, Poturalska A, Kiilunen P, Snåre H, Leppiniemi O, Makopoulou E, Alahuhta J, Tukiainen H. Geodiversity data for Europe. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230173. [PMID: 38342206 PMCID: PMC10859234 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Geodiversity is an essential part of nature's diversity. However, geodiversity is insufficiently understood in terms of its spatial distribution and its relationship to biodiversity over large spatial extents. Here, we present European geodiversity data at resolutions of 1 km and 10 km. We assess terrestrial geodiversity quantitatively as a richness variable (georichness) using a commonly employed grid-based approach. The data incorporate aspects of geological, pedological, geomorphological and hydrological diversity, which are also available as separate richness variables. To evaluate the data, we correlated European georichness with empirically tested national georichness data from Finland, revealing a positive correlation at both 1 km (rp = 0.37, p < 0.001) and 10 km (rp = 0.59, p < 0.001) resolutions. We also demonstrate potential uses of the European data by correlating georichness with vascular plant species richness in two contrasting example areas: Finland and Switzerland. The positive correlations between georichness and species richness in Finland (rp = 0.34, p < 0.001) and Switzerland (rp = 0.26, p < 0.001) further support the use of our data in geodiversity-biodiversity research. Moreover, there is great potential beyond geodiversity-biodiversity questions, as the data can be exploited across different regions, ecosystems and scales. These geodiversity data provide an insight on abiotic diversity in Europe and establish a quantitative large-scale geodiversity assessment method applicable worldwide. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Toivanen
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - T. Maliniemi
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J. Hjort
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - H. Salminen
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - T. Ala-Hulkko
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Kerttu Saalasti Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - J. Kemppinen
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - O. Karjalainen
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - A. Poturalska
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - P. Kiilunen
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - H. Snåre
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Environment Institute, Nature Solutions, Paavo Havaksen Tie 3 Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - O. Leppiniemi
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - E. Makopoulou
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J. Alahuhta
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - H. Tukiainen
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Morueta-Holme N, Iversen LL, Corcoran D, Rahbek C, Normand S. Unlocking ground-based imagery for habitat mapping. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:349-358. [PMID: 38087707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Fine-grained environmental data across large extents are needed to resolve the processes that impact species communities from local to global scales. Ground-based images (GBIs) have the potential to capture habitat complexity at biologically relevant spatial and temporal resolutions. Moving beyond existing applications of GBIs for species identification and monitoring ecological change from repeat photography, we describe promising approaches to habitat mapping, leveraging multimodal data and computer vision. We illustrate empirically how GBIs can be applied to predict distributions of species at fine scales along Street View routes, or to automatically classify and quantify habitat features. Further, we outline future research avenues using GBIs that can bring a leap forward in analyses for ecology and conservation with this underused resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - L L Iversen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - D Corcoran
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Normand
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Landscape Research in Sustainable Agricultural Futures, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Dietzer MT, Keicher L, Kohles JE, Hurme ER, Ruczyński I, Borowik T, Zegarek M, Choiński M, Dechmann DKN. High temporal resolution data reveal low bat and insect activity over managed meadows in central Europe. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7498. [PMID: 38553552 PMCID: PMC10980742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing agriculture and pesticide use have led to declines in insect populations and biodiversity worldwide. In addition to insect diversity, it is also important to consider insect abundance, due to the importance of insects as food for species at higher trophic levels such as bats. We monitored spatiotemporal variation in abundance of nocturnal flying insects over meadows, a common open landscape structure in central Europe, and correlated it with bat feeding activity. Our most important result was that insect abundance was almost always extremely low. This was true regardless of management intensity of the different meadows monitored. We also found no correlation of insect abundance or the presence of insect swarms with bat feeding activity. This suggests that insect abundance over meadows was too low and insect swarms too rare for bats to risk expending energy to search for them. Meadows appeared to be poor habitat for nocturnal flying insects, and of low value as a foraging habitat for bats. Our study highlights the importance of long-term monitoring of insect abundance, especially at high temporal scales to identify and protect foraging habitats. This will become increasingly important given the rapid decline of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina T Dietzer
- Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lara Keicher
- Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Jenna E Kohles
- Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Edward R Hurme
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Cluster for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, Universität Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Mateusz Choiński
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Cluster for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, Universität Konstanz, Constance, Germany
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Williams PJ, Zipkin EF, Brodie JF. Deep biogeographic barriers explain divergent global vertebrate communities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2457. [PMID: 38548741 PMCID: PMC10978928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogeographic history can lead to variation in biodiversity across regions, but it remains unclear how the degree of biogeographic isolation among communities may lead to differences in biodiversity. Biogeographic analyses generally treat regions as discrete units, but species assemblages differ in how much biogeographic history they share, just as species differ in how much evolutionary history they share. Here, we use a continuous measure of biogeographic distance, phylobetadiversity, to analyze the influence of biogeographic isolation on the taxonomic and functional diversity of global mammal and bird assemblages. On average, biodiversity is better predicted by environment than by isolation, especially for birds. However, mammals in deeply isolated regions are strongly influenced by isolation; mammal assemblages in Australia and Madagascar, for example, are much less diverse than predicted by environment alone and contain unique combinations of functional traits compared to other regions. Neotropical bat assemblages are far more functionally diverse than Paleotropical assemblages, reflecting the different trajectories of bat communities that have developed in isolation over tens of millions of years. Our results elucidate how long-lasting biogeographic barriers can lead to divergent diversity patterns, against the backdrop of environmental determinism that predominantly structures diversity across most of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Williams
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Elise F Zipkin
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
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44
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Hartwell AM, Wheat AE, Dijkstra JA. Natural warming differentiates communities and increases diversity in deep-sea Ridge Flank Hydrothermal Systems. Commun Biol 2024; 7:379. [PMID: 38548927 PMCID: PMC10978836 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ridge Flank Hydrothermal Systems have discrete pockets of fluid discharge that mimic climate-induced ocean warming. Unlike traditional hydrothermal fluids, those discharged by Ridge Flank Hydrothermal Systems have a chemical composition indistinguishable from background water, enabling evaluation of the effect of warming temperature. Here we link temperature and terrain variables to community composition and biodiversity by combining remotely operated vehicle images of vent and non-vent zone communities with associated environmental variables. We show overall differences in composition, family richness, and biodiversity between zones, though richness and diversity were only significantly greater in vent zones at one location. Temperature was a contributing factor to observed greater biodiversity near vent zones. Overall, our results suggest that warming in the deep sea will affect species composition and diversity. However, due to the diverse outcomes projected for ocean warming, additional research is necessary to forecast the impacts of ocean warming on deep-sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Hartwell
- University of New Hampshire Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH, USA.
| | - Anna E Wheat
- Oregon State University, 1500 SW Jefferson Ave, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jennifer A Dijkstra
- University of New Hampshire Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH, USA
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45
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Luan J, Li S, Liu S, Wang Y, Ding L, Lu H, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhou W, Han S, Zhang Y, Hättenschwiler S. Biodiversity mitigates drought effects in the decomposer system across biomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313334121. [PMID: 38498717 PMCID: PMC10990129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313334121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple facets of global change affect the earth system interactively, with complex consequences for ecosystem functioning and stability. Simultaneous climate and biodiversity change are of particular concern, because biodiversity may contribute to ecosystem resistance and resilience and may mitigate climate change impacts. Yet, the extent and generality of how climate and biodiversity change interact remain insufficiently understood, especially for the decomposition of organic matter, a major determinant of the biosphere-atmosphere carbon feedbacks. With an inter-biome field experiment using large rainfall exclusion facilities, we tested how drought, a common prediction of climate change models for many parts of the world, and biodiversity in the decomposer system drive decomposition in forest ecosystems interactively. Decomposing leaf litter lost less carbon (C) and especially nitrogen (N) in five different forest biomes following partial rainfall exclusion compared to conditions without rainfall exclusion. An increasing complexity of the decomposer community alleviated drought effects, with full compensation when large-bodied invertebrates were present. Leaf litter mixing increased diversity effects, with increasing litter species richness, which contributed to counteracting drought effects on C and N loss, although to a much smaller degree than decomposer community complexity. Our results show at a relevant spatial scale covering distinct climate zones that both, the diversity of decomposer communities and plant litter in forest floors have a strong potential to mitigate drought effects on C and N dynamics during decomposition. Preserving biodiversity at multiple trophic levels contributes to ecosystem resistance and appears critical to maintain ecosystem processes under ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Luan
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya572022, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Li
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya572022, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Ding
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing100091, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai519087, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang532600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan666303, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan666303, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34293, France
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46
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Peng S, Ramirez-Parada TH, Mazer SJ, Record S, Park I, Ellison AM, Davis CC. Incorporating plant phenological responses into species distribution models reduces estimates of future species loss and turnover. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38531810 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenetic climate change has caused range shifts among many species. Species distribution models (SDMs) are used to predict how species ranges may change in the future. However, most SDMs rarely consider how climate-sensitive traits, such as phenology, which affect individuals' demography and fitness, may influence species' ranges. Using > 120 000 herbarium specimens representing 360 plant species distributed across the eastern United States, we developed a novel 'phenology-informed' SDM that integrates phenological responses to changing climates. We compared the ranges of each species forecast by the phenology-informed SDM with those from conventional SDMs. We further validated the modeling approach using hindcasting. When examining the range changes of all species, our phenology-informed SDMs forecast less species loss and turnover under climate change than conventional SDMs. These results suggest that dynamic phenological responses of species may help them adjust their ecological niches and persist in their habitats as the climate changes. Plant phenology can modulate species' responses to climate change, mitigating its negative effects on species persistence. Further application of our framework will contribute to a generalized understanding of how traits affect species distributions along environmental gradients and facilitate the use of trait-based SDMs across spatial and taxonomic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Peng
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Tadeo H Ramirez-Parada
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93105, USA
| | - Susan J Mazer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93105, USA
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Isaac Park
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93105, USA
| | - Aaron M Ellison
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Sound Solutions for Sustainable Science, Boston, MA, 02135, USA
| | - Charles C Davis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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47
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Goudarzi F, Doxa A, Hemami MR, Mazaris AD. Thermal vulnerability of sea turtle foraging grounds around the globe. Commun Biol 2024; 7:347. [PMID: 38514821 PMCID: PMC10958041 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticipating and mitigating the impacts of climate change on biodiversity requires a comprehensive understanding on key habitats utilized by species. Yet, such information for high mobile marine megafauna species remains limited. Here, we compile a global database comprising published satellite tracking data (n = 1035 individuals) to spatially delineate foraging grounds for seven sea turtle species and assess their thermal stability. We identified 133 foraging areas distributed around the globe, of which only 2% of the total surface is enclosed within an existing protected area. One-third of the total coverage of foraging hotspots is situated in high seas, where conservation focus is often neglected. Our analyses revealed that more than two-thirds of these vital marine habitats will experience new sea surface temperature (SST) conditions by 2100, exposing sea turtles to potential thermal risks. Our findings underline the importance of global ocean conservation efforts, which can meet climate challenges even in remote environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Goudarzi
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aggeliki Doxa
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, University Campus Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Hemami
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
| | - Antonios D Mazaris
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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48
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Li Q, Lei Y, Li T. DNA metabarcoding reveals ecological patterns and driving mechanisms of archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic communities in sediments of the Sansha Yongle Blue Hole. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6745. [PMID: 38509179 PMCID: PMC10954614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sansha Yongle Blue Hole (SYBH) is the world's deepest marine blue hole with unique physicochemical characteristics. However, our knowledge of the biodiversity and community structure in SYBH sediments remains limited, as past studies have mostly focused on microbial communities in the water column. Here, we collected sediment samples from the aerobic zone (3.1 to 38.6 m) and the deep anaerobic zone (150 m, 300 m) of the SYBH and extracted DNA to characterize the archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic communities inhabiting these sediments. Our results showed that the archaeal and bacterial communities were dominated by Thaumarchaeota and Proteobacteria, respectively. The dominant taxa of eukaryotes in different sites varied greatly, mainly including Phaeophyceae, Annelida, Diatomea and Arthropoda. All three examined domains showed clear vertical distributions and significant differences in community composition between the aerobic and anaerobic zones. Sulfide played a prominent role in structuring the three domains, followed by salinity, nitrous oxide, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen, all of which were positively correlated with the turnover component, the main contributor to beta diversity. Neutral community model revealed that stochastic processes contributed to more than half of the community variations across the three domains. Co-occurrence network showed an equal number of positive and negative interactions in the archaeal network, while positive interactions accounted for ~ 80% in the bacterial and eukaryotic networks. Our findings reveal the ecological features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in SYBH sediments and shed new light on community dynamics and survival strategies in the special environment of marine blue holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Li
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanli Lei
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Tiegang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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49
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Loewen EJT, Balkwill MA, Mattioli J, Cockx P, Caicedo MV, Muehlenbachs K, Tappert R, Borkent A, Libke C, Engel MS, Somers C, McKellar RC. New Canadian amber deposit fills gap in fossil record near end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00257-4. [PMID: 38521062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Amber preserves an exceptional record of tiny, soft-bodied organisms and chemical environmental signatures, elucidating the evolution of arthropod lineages and the diversity, ecology, and biogeochemistry of ancient ecosystems. However, globally, fossiliferous amber deposits are rare in the latest Cretaceous and surrounding the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction.1,2,3,4,5 This faunal gap limits our understanding of arthropod diversity and survival across the extinction boundary.2,6 Contrasting hypotheses propose that arthropods were either relatively unaffected by the K-Pg extinction or experienced a steady decline in diversity before the extinction event followed by rapid diversification in the Cenozoic.2,6 These hypotheses are primarily based on arthropod feeding traces on fossil leaves and time-calibrated molecular phylogenies, not direct observation of the fossil record.2,7 Here, we report a diverse amber assemblage from the Late Cretaceous (67.04 ± 0.16 Ma) of the Big Muddy Badlands, Canada. The new deposit fills a critical 16-million-year gap in the arthropod fossil record spanning the K-Pg mass extinction. Seven arthropod orders and at least 11 insect families have been recovered, making the Big Muddy amber deposit the most diverse arthropod assemblage near the K-Pg extinction. Amber chemistry and stable isotopes suggest the amber was produced by coniferous (Cupressaceae) trees in a subtropical swamp near remnants of the Western Interior Seaway. The unexpected abundance of ants from extant families and the virtual absence of arthropods from common, exclusively Cretaceous families suggests that Big Muddy amber may represent a yet unsampled Late Cretaceous environment and provides evidence of a faunal transition before the end of the Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa J T Loewen
- Biology Department, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; Royal Saskatchewan Museum, 2340 Albert Street, Regina, SK S4P 2V7, Canada.
| | - Micheala A Balkwill
- Geology Department, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Júlia Mattioli
- Geotop & Département des sciences de la Terre et de l'atmosphère, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Pierre Cockx
- Biology Department, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; Royal Saskatchewan Museum, 2340 Albert Street, Regina, SK S4P 2V7, Canada
| | - Maria Velez Caicedo
- Geology Department, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Karlis Muehlenbachs
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Ralf Tappert
- Geology Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Art Borkent
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
| | - Caelan Libke
- Biology Department, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; Royal Saskatchewan Museum, 2340 Albert Street, Regina, SK S4P 2V7, Canada
| | - Michael S Engel
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Óscar R. Benavides 5737, Callao 07006, Lima, Peru; Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Av. Gral. Antonio Álvarez de Arenales 1256, Jesús María 15072, Lima, Peru
| | - Christopher Somers
- Biology Department, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Ryan C McKellar
- Biology Department, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; Royal Saskatchewan Museum, 2340 Albert Street, Regina, SK S4P 2V7, Canada; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Westerlaken M. Digital twins and the digital logics of biodiversity. Soc Stud Sci 2024:3063127241236809. [PMID: 38511604 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241236809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity is a multidimensional concept that can be understood and measured in many different ways. However, the next generation of digital technologies for biodiversity monitoring currently being funded and developed fail to engage its multidimensional and relational aspects. Based on empirical data from interviews, a conference visit, online meetings, webinars, and project reports, this study articulates four digital logics that structure how biodiversity becomes monitored and understood within recent technological developments. The four digital logics illustrate how intensified practices of capturing, connecting, simulating, and computing produce particular techno-scientific formats for creating biodiversity knowledge. While ongoing projects advance technological development in areas of automation, prediction, and the creation of large-scale species databases, their developmental processes structurally limit the future of biodiversity technology. To better address the complex challenges of the global biodiversity crisis, it is crucial to develop digital technologies and practices that can engage with a wider range of perspectives and understandings of relational and multidimensional approaches to biodiversity.
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