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Diz-Chaves Y, Maastor Z, Spuch C, Lamas JA, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation: anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1671-1677. [PMID: 38103230 PMCID: PMC10960307 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues, including different brain regions. Glucagon-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection, like the support of cell growth/survival, enhancement promotion of synapse formation, autophagy, and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, microglial activation, and apoptosis during neural morphogenesis. The glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, maintain metabolic homeostasis and defense against pathogens in the central nervous system. After brain insult, microglia are the first cells to respond, followed by reactive astrocytosis. These activated cells produce proinflammatory mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the insult. Furthermore, under these circumstances, microglia can become chronically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and, consequently, their functions during many diseases. Several processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution: like the formation of protein aggregates, the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents, the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function, and, of critical importance, the dysregulation of inflammatory control mechanisms. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies, restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions, modulating microglia activity, and decreasing the inflammatory response. This review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammatory properties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, or chronic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Zainab Maastor
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Sala Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lamas
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Neuroscience, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C. González-Matías
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
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Neves BHSD, Martini VÁ, Fantti MDF, Mello-Carpes PB. Long-term impact of neuroscience outreach interventions on elementary students' knowledge. Adv Physiol Educ 2024; 48:147-154. [PMID: 38269406 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00028.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuroeducation is characterized as a subarea of neuroscience that involves comprehending the teaching and learning processes and relating them to neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropsychology. The inclusion of some aspects of the neuroscience of learning in teachers' and students' formation, applying them in teaching-learning environments, contributes to the quality of education and impacts students' quality of life and health. Thus, the POPNEURO outreach program performs interventions with students and teachers of low-income schools to disseminate neuroscience concepts, relating them to the students' daily lives. This study reports the impact of these actions, assessed 1 yr after their conclusion. The results showed that the long-term impact of the activities carried out is, in general, positive. Even 1 yr after the activities end, students demonstrate knowledge about the neuroscience themes and satisfaction with participating.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article reports on neuroscience disclosure activities performed with school students and describes their short- and long-term positive impact. Even 1 yr after the activities, students demonstrate knowledge about the themes worked on and satisfaction with the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Hur Souto Das Neves
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory and Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Victória Ávila Martini
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory and Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mayúme de Freitas Fantti
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory and Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Billig Mello-Carpes
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory and Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Deh K, Zhang G, Park AH, Cunningham CH, Bragagnolo ND, Lyashchenko S, Ahmmed S, Leftin A, Coffee E, Hricak H, Miloushev V, Mayerhoefer M, Keshari KR. First in-human evaluation of [1- 13C]pyruvate in D 2O for hyperpolarized MRI of the brain: A safety and feasibility study. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2559-2567. [PMID: 38205934 PMCID: PMC11009889 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety and value of hyperpolarized (HP) MRI of [1-13C]pyruvate in healthy volunteers using deuterium oxide (D2O) as a solvent. METHODS Healthy volunteers (n = 5), were injected with HP [1-13C]pyruvate dissolved in D2O and imaged with a metabolite-specific 3D dual-echo dynamic EPI sequence at 3T at one site (Site 1). Volunteers were monitored following the procedure to assess safety. Image characteristics, including SNR, were compared to data acquired in a separate cohort using water as a solvent (n = 5) at another site (Site 2). The apparent spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of [1-13C]pyruvate was determined both in vitro and in vivo from a mono-exponential fit to the image intensity at each time point of our dynamic data. RESULTS All volunteers completed the study safely and reported no adverse effects. The use of D2O increased the T1 of [1-13C]pyruvate from 66.5 ± 1.6 s to 92.1 ± 5.1 s in vitro, which resulted in an increase in signal by a factor of 1.46 ± 0.03 at the time of injection (90 s after dissolution). The use of D2O also increased the apparent relaxation time of [1-13C]pyruvate by a factor of 1.4 ± 0.2 in vivo. After adjusting for inter-site SNR differences, the use of D2O was shown to increase image SNR by a factor of 2.6 ± 0.2 in humans. CONCLUSIONS HP [1-13C]pyruvate in D2O is safe for human imaging and provides an increase in T1 and SNR that may improve image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Deh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guannan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela Hijin Park
- Radiochemistry & Imaging Probes Core (RMIP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles H Cunningham
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadia D Bragagnolo
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serge Lyashchenko
- Radiochemistry & Imaging Probes Core (RMIP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shake Ahmmed
- Radiochemistry & Imaging Probes Core (RMIP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Coffee
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hedvig Hricak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vesselin Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marius Mayerhoefer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Bhojwani-Cabrera AM, Bautista-García A, Neubrand VE, Membrive-Jiménez FA, Bramini M, Martin-Oliva D, Cuadros MA, Marín-Teva JL, Navascués J, Vangheluwe P, Sepúlveda MR. Upregulation of the secretory pathway Ca 2+/Mn 2+-ATPase isoform 1 in LPS-stimulated microglia and its involvement in Mn 2+-induced Golgi fragmentation. Glia 2024; 72:1201-1214. [PMID: 38482950 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play an important protective role in the healthy nervous tissue, being able to react to a variety of stimuli that induce different intracellular cascades for specific tasks. Ca2+ signaling can modulate these pathways, and we recently reported that microglial functions depend on the endoplasmic reticulum as a Ca2+ store, which involves the Ca2+ transporter SERCA2b. Here, we investigated whether microglial functions may also rely on the Golgi, another intracellular Ca2+ store that depends on the secretory pathway Ca2+/Mn2+-transport ATPase isoform 1 (SPCA1). We found upregulation of SPCA1 upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation of microglia BV2 cells and primary microglia, where alterations of the Golgi ribbon were also observed. Silencing and overexpression experiments revealed that SPCA1 affects cell morphology, Golgi apparatus integrity, and phagocytic functions. Since SPCA1 is also an efficient Mn2+ transporter and considering that Mn2+ excess causes manganism in the brain, we addressed the role of microglial SPCA1 in Mn2+ toxicity. Our results revealed a clear effect of Mn2+ excess on the viability and morphology of microglia. Subcellular analysis showed Golgi fragmentation and subsequent alteration of SPCA1 distribution from early stages of toxicity. Removal of Mn2+ by washing improved the culture viability, although it did not effectively reverse Golgi fragmentation. Interestingly, pretreatment with curcumin maintained microglia cultures viable, prevented Mn2+-induced Golgi fragmentation, and preserved SPCA Ca2+-dependent activity, suggesting curcumin as a potential protective agent against Mn2+-induced Golgi alterations in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika E Neubrand
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mattia Bramini
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Martin-Oliva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Cuadros
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Luis Marín-Teva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Navascués
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Rosario Sepúlveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Uthayakumar B, Soliman H, Chen AP, Bragagnolo N, Cappelletto NIC, Endre R, Perks WJ, Ma N, Heyn C, Keshari KR, Cunningham CH. Evidence of 13 C-lactate oxidation in the human brain from hyperpolarized 13 C-MRI. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2162-2171. [PMID: 38230992 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that lactate oxidation contributes to the 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-bicarbonate signal observed in the awake human brain using hyperpolarized 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C MRI. METHODS Healthy human volunteers (N = 6) were scanned twice using hyperpolarized 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-MRI, with increased radiofrequency saturation of 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-lactate on one set of scans. 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-lactate, 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-bicarbonate, and 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-pyruvate signals for 132 brain regions across each set of scans were compared using a clustered Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Increased 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-lactate radiofrequency saturation resulted in a significantly lower 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-bicarbonate signal (p = 0.04). These changes were observed across the majority of brain regions. CONCLUSION Radiofrequency saturation of 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-lactate leads to a decrease in 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-bicarbonate signal, demonstrating that the 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-lactate generated from the injected 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-pyruvate is being converted back to 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C-pyruvate and oxidized throughout the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biranavan Uthayakumar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hany Soliman
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nadia Bragagnolo
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole I C Cappelletto
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruby Endre
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Perks
- Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Ma
- Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Heyn
- Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles H Cunningham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Turanzas NJ, Mathiasen R, Heegaard S, Schmiegelow K, Sehested A, Holtz JK, Siersma V, Nissen KR, von Holstein SL. Ophthalmic symptoms, clinical signs and diagnostic delay in infants diagnosed with brain tumours in Denmark between 2007 and 2017. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:334-341. [PMID: 37574657 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate ophthalmic onset manifestations and the impact of diagnostic delay on the prognosis in infants (<1 year) diagnosed with a brain tumour. METHODS A retrospective population-based nationwide study of infants diagnosed with a brain tumour between 2007 and 2017 in Denmark. Data was retrieved from the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry, the National Danish Health registries, and medical files. Primary outcome measures included symptoms, clinical findings, time to diagnosis and survival. RESULTS Thirty-seven infants were diagnosed with a brain tumour in Denmark between 2007 and 2017. In total, 19/37 infants (51%, 95% CI: 34-68) had ophthalmic manifestations at any time prior to or at diagnosis; and in 6/37 (16%, 95% CI: 6-32) ophthalmic manifestations were the initial symptom. The most common ophthalmic manifestations were strabismus (n = 7), sunset eyes (n = 6), nystagmus (n = 4), reduced pupillary light reflex (n = 4), and/or decreased vision (n = 4). The median number of symptoms per infant at the time of diagnosis was three (range 0-9). The median diagnostic delay was 26 days (range 0-283, IQR: 6;90). 5-year survival rate was 75% (95% CI: 61-90) and all children with diagnostic delay > 100 days (n = 9, 24%) were still alive at the end of follow-up (median 6.3 years, range 2.2-10.2). CONCLUSION We provide an overview of symptoms and clinical signs in a nation-wide series of infants with CNS tumours and demonstrate that ophthalmic manifestations are frequently observed in infants prior to diagnosis, but, often in combination with other clinical signs. The diagnostic delay was substantial for a large part of the infants, but this was not associated with increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathali J Turanzas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Mathiasen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Sehested
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe K Holtz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla R Nissen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah L von Holstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Fabian MS, Rajput JR, Schüre JR, Weinmüller S, Mennecke A, Möhle TA, Rampp S, Schmidt M, Dörfler A, Zaiss M. Comprehensive 7 T CEST: A clinical MRI protocol covering multiple exchange rate regimes. NMR Biomed 2024; 37:e5096. [PMID: 38343093 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method providing molecular image contrasts based on indirect detection of low concentrated solutes. Previous CEST studies focused predominantly on the imaging of single CEST exchange regimes (e.g., slow, intermediate or fast exchanging groups). In this work, we aim to establish a so-called comprehensive CEST protocol for 7 T, covering the different exchange regimes by three saturation B1 amplitude regimes: low, intermediate and high. We used the results of previous publications and our own simulations in pulseq-CEST to produce a 7 T CEST protocol that has sensitivity to these three B1 regimes. With postprocessing optimization (simultaneous mapping of water shift and B1, B0-fitting, multiple interleaved mode saturation B1 correction, neural network employment (deepCEST) and analytical input feature reduction), we are able to shorten our initially 40 min protocol to 15 min and generate six CEST contrast maps simultaneously. With this protocol, we measured four healthy subjects and one patient with a brain tumor. We established a comprehensive CEST protocol for clinical 7 T MRI, covering three different B1 amplitude regimes. We were able to reduce the acquisition time significantly by more than 50%, while still maintaining decent image quality and contrast in healthy subjects and one patient with a tumor. Our protocol paves the way to perform comprehensive CEST studies in clinical scan times for hypothesis generation regarding molecular properties of certain pathologies, for example, ischemic stroke or high-grade brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Simon Fabian
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Junaid Rasool Rajput
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan-Rüdiger Schüre
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Weinmüller
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Mennecke
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Alexius Möhle
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rampp
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Schmidt
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- High-field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Fortes LS, de Lima-Júnior D, Fonseca FS, Albuquerque MR, Ferreira MEC. Effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity, countermovement jump, and 100-m and 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2024; 31:264-273. [PMID: 34962836 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2020791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity (MPV), countermovement jump (CMJ), 100, and 200-m dash performance in college sprinters. A total of 16 male athletes of sprint events (100 and 200-m dash) participated in this study. Each participant underwent two baseline visits and then running under the three experimental conditions. Assessments (MPV and CMJ) occurred both before and after either smartphone use (SMA) or Stroop task (ST), or watching a documentary TV show about the Olympic Games (CON). Then, the athletes ran the simulated race (i.e. the 100 and 200-m dash). There was no condition (p > 0.05) or time effect (p > 0.05) for MPV, CMJ, 100-m, or 200-m dash performance. In conclusion, the present study results revealed no mental fatigue effect induced by SMA or ST on neuromuscular, 100-m or 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters.
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Hashim AR, Bashir DW, Rashad E, Galal MK, Rashad MM, Khalil HMA, Deraz NM, S M EG. Neuroprotective Assessment of Betaine against Copper Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Brains of Albino Rats: A Histopathological, Neurochemical, and Molecular Investigation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1684-1701. [PMID: 38564598 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are commonly used metal oxides. Betaine possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. The current study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effect of CuO-NPs on rats and the capability of betaine to mitigate neurotoxicity. Forty rats; 4 groups: group I a control, group II intraperitoneally CuO-NPs (0.5 mg/kg/day), group III orally betaine (250 mg/kg/day) and CuO-NPs, group IV orally betaine for 28 days. Rats were subjected to neurobehavioral assessments. Brain samples were processed for biochemical, molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Behavioral performance of betaine demonstrated increasing locomotion and cognitive abilities. Group II exhibited significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), overexpression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Significant decrease in glutathione (GSH), and downregulation of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), nuclear factor erythroid 2-like protein 2 (Nrf-2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathological alterations; neuronal degeneration, pericellular spaces, and neuropillar vacuolation. Immunohistochemically, an intense immunoreactivity is observed against IL-1β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Betaine partially neuroprotected against CuO-NPs associated alterations. A significant decrease at MDA, downregulation of IL-1β, and TNF-α, a significant increase at GSH, and upregulation of AChE, Nrf-2, and SOD. Histopathological alterations partially ameliorated. Immunohistochemical intensity of IL-1β and GFAP reduced. It is concluded that betaine neuroprotected against most of CuO-NP neurotoxic effects through antioxidant and cell redox system stimulating efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa R Hashim
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina W Bashir
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Eman Rashad
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mona K Galal
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Maha M Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Nasrallah M Deraz
- Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Gharbawy S M
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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10
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Yun SY, Heo YJ. Clinical feasibility of post-contrast accelerated 3D T1-Sampling Perfection with Application-optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolutions (SPACE) with iterative denoising for intracranial enhancing lesions: a retrospective study. Acta Radiol 2024:2841851241245104. [PMID: 38623647 DOI: 10.1177/02841851241245104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-contrast T1-Sampling Perfection with Application-optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolutions (SPACE) is the preferred 3D T1 spin-echo sequence for evaluating brain metastases, regardless of the prolonged scan time. PURPOSE To evaluate the application of accelerated post-contrast T1-SPACE with iterative denoising (ID) for intracranial enhancing lesions in oncologic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS For evaluation of intracranial lesions, 108 patients underwent standard and accelerated T1-SPACE during the same imaging session. Two neuroradiologists evaluated the overall image quality, artifacts, degree of enhancement, mean contrast-to-noise ratiolesion/parenchyma, and number of enhancing lesions for standard and accelerated T1-SPACE without ID. RESULTS Although there was a significant difference in the overall image quality and mean contrast-to-noise ratiolesion/parenchyma between standard and accelerated T1-SPACE without ID and accelerated SPACE with and without ID, there was no significant difference between standard and accelerated T1-SPACE with ID. Accelerated T1-SPACE showed more artifacts than standard T1-SPACE; however, accelerated T1-SPACE with ID showed significantly fewer artifacts than accelerated T1-SPACE without ID. Accelerated T1-SPACE without ID showed a significantly lower number of enhancing lesions than standard- and accelerated T1-SPACE with ID; however, there was no significant difference between standard and accelerated T1-SPACE with ID, regardless of lesion size. CONCLUSION Although accelerated T1-SPACE markedly decreased the scan time, it showed lower overall image quality and lesion detectability than the standard T1-SPACE. Application of ID to accelerated T1-SPACE resulted in comparable overall image quality and detection of enhancing lesions in brain parenchyma as standard T1-SPACE. Accelerated T1-SPACE with ID may be a promising replacement for standard T1-SPACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Young Yun
- Department of Radiology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Heo
- Department of Radiology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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11
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do Amaral Silva L, Santin JM. Neural processing without O 2 and glucose delivery: from the pond to the clinic. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024. [PMID: 38624246 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00030.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity requires a large amount of ATP, leading to a rapid collapse of brain function when aerobic respiration fails. Here, we summarize how rhythmic motor circuits in the brainstem of adult frogs, which normally have high metabolic demands, transform to produce proper output during severe hypoxia associated with emergence from hibernation. We suggest that general principles underlying plasticity in brain bioenergetics may be uncovered by studying non-mammalian models that face extreme environments, yielding new insights to combat neurological disorders involving dysfunctional energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M Santin
- Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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12
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Westerman HB, Suarez GL, Richmond-Rakerd LS, Nusslock R, Klump KL, Burt SA, Hyde LW. Exposure to Community Violence as a Mechanism Linking Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Neural Responses to Reward. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024:nsae029. [PMID: 38619118 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing literature links socioeconomic disadvantage and adversity to brain function, including disruptions in reward processing. Less research has examined exposure to community violence as a specific adversity related to differences in reward-related brain activation, despite the prevalence of community violence exposure for those living in disadvantaged contexts. The current study tested whether exposure to community violence was associated with reward-related ventral striatum activation after accounting for familial factors associated with differences in reward-related activation (e.g., parenting, family income). Moreover, we tested whether exposure to community violence is a mechanism linking socioeconomic disadvantage to reward-related activation in the ventral striatum. We utilized data from 444 adolescent twins sampled from birth records and residing in neighborhoods with above-average levels of poverty. Exposure to community violence was associated with greater reward-related ventral striatum activation, and the association remained after accounting for family-level markers of disadvantage. We identified an indirect pathway in which socioeconomic disadvantage predicted greater reward-related activation via greater exposure to community violence, over and above family-level adversity. These findings highlight the unique impact of community violence exposure on reward processing and provide a mechanism through which socioeconomic disadvantage may shape brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - S Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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13
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Tran EB, Vonk JMJ, Casaletto K, Zhang D, Christin R, Marathe S, Gorno-Tempini ML, Chang EF, Kleen JK. Development and validation of a nonverbal consensus-based semantic memory paradigm in patients with epilepsy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38616725 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617724000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain areas implicated in semantic memory can be damaged in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, it is challenging to delineate semantic processing deficits from acoustic, linguistic, and other verbal aspects in current neuropsychological assessments. We developed a new Visual-based Semantic Association Task (ViSAT) to evaluate nonverbal semantic processing in PWE. METHOD The ViSAT was adapted from similar predecessors (Pyramids & Palm Trees test, PPT; Camels & Cactus Test, CCT) comprised of 100 unique trials using real-life color pictures that avoid demographic, cultural, and other potential confounds. We obtained performance data from 23 PWE participants and 24 control participants (Control), along with crowdsourced normative data from 54 Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk) workers. RESULTS ViSAT reached a consensus >90% in 91.3% of trials compared to 83.6% in PPT and 82.9% in CCT. A deep learning model demonstrated that visual features of the stimulus images (color, shape; i.e., non-semantic) did not influence top answer choices (p = 0.577). The PWE group had lower accuracy than the Control group (p = 0.019). PWE had longer response times than the Control group in general and this was augmented for the semantic processing (trial answer) stage (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated performance impairments in PWE that may reflect dysfunction of nonverbal semantic memory circuits, such as seizure onset zones overlapping with key semantic regions (e.g., anterior temporal lobe). The ViSAT paradigm avoids confounds, is repeatable/longitudinal, captures behavioral data, and is open-source, thus we propose it as a strong alternative for clinical and research assessment of nonverbal semantic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina B Tran
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jet M J Vonk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raphael Christin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth Marathe
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Kleen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Kim K, Hwang H, Bae S, Kim SM, Han DH. The Effectiveness of a Digital App for Reduction of Clinical Symptoms in Individuals With Panic Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e51428. [PMID: 38608270 DOI: 10.2196/51428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder is a common and important disease in clinical practice that decreases individual productivity and increases health care use. Treatments comprise medication and cognitive behavioral therapy. However, adverse medication effects and poor treatment compliance mean new therapeutic models are needed. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that digital therapy for panic disorder may improve panic disorder symptoms and that treatment response would be associated with brain activity changes assessed with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS Individuals (n=50) with a history of panic attacks were recruited. Symptoms were assessed before and after the use of an app for panic disorder, which in this study was a smartphone-based app for treating the clinical symptoms of panic disorder, panic symptoms, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. The hemodynamics in the frontal cortex during the resting state were measured via fNIRS. The app had 4 parts: diary, education, quest, and serious games. The study trial was approved by the institutional review board of Chung-Ang University Hospital (1041078-202112-HR-349-01) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. RESULTS The number of participants with improved panic symptoms in the app use group (20/25, 80%) was greater than that in the control group (6/21, 29%; χ21=12.3; P=.005). During treatment, the improvement in the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) score in the app use group was greater than that in the control group (F1,44=7.03; P=.01). In the app use group, the total PDSS score declined by 42.5% (mean score 14.3, SD 6.5 at baseline and mean score 7.2, SD 3.6 after the intervention), whereas the PDSS score declined by 14.6% in the control group (mean score 12.4, SD 5.2 at baseline and mean score 9.8, SD 7.9 after the intervention). There were no significant differences in accumulated oxygenated hemoglobin (accHbO2) at baseline between the app use and control groups. During treatment, the reduction in accHbO2 in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC; F1,44=8.22; P=.006) and the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; F1,44=8.88; P=.005) was greater in the app use than the control group. CONCLUSIONS Apps for panic disorder should effectively reduce symptoms and VLPFC and OFC brain activity in patients with panic disorder. The improvement of panic disorder symptoms was positively correlated with decreased VLPFC and OFC brain activity in the resting state. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service KCT0007280; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=21448.
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Affiliation(s)
- KunJung Kim
- Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sujin Bae
- Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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George Warren W, Osborn M, Yates A, O'Sullivan SE. The emerging role of fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) in cancers. Drug Discov Today 2024:103980. [PMID: 38614160 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is an intracellular protein involved in the uptake, transportation, metabolism, and storage of fatty acids (FAs). FABP7 is upregulated up to 20-fold in multiple cancers, usually correlated with poor prognosis. FABP7 silencing or pharmacological inhibition suggest FABP7 promotes cell growth, migration, invasion, colony and spheroid formation/increased size, lipid uptake, and lipid droplet formation. Xenograft studies show that suppression of FABP7 inhibits tumour formation and tumour growth, and improves host survival. The molecular mechanisms involve promotion of FA uptake, lipid droplets, signalling [focal adhesion kinase (FAK), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK), and Wnt/β-catenin], hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A/prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 (VEGFA/P4HA1), snail family zinc finger 1 (Snail1), and twist-related protein 1 (Twist1). The oncogenic capacity of FABP7 makes it a promising pharmacological target for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myles Osborn
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andy Yates
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
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16
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O'Donnell JL, Soda AK, Jiang H, Norris SA, Maiti B, Karimi M, Campbell MC, Moerlein SM, Tu Z, Perlmutter JS. PET Quantification of [ 18F]VAT in Human Brain and Its Test-Retest Reproducibility and Age Dependence. J Nucl Med 2024:jnumed.123.266860. [PMID: 38604762 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging of brain vesicular acetylcholine transporter provides a biomarker to explore cholinergic systems in humans. We aimed to characterize the distribution of, and optimize methods to quantify, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter-specific tracer (-)-(1-(8-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-piperidin-4-yl)(4-fluorophenyl)methanone ([18F]VAT) in the brain using PET. Methods: Fifty-two healthy participants aged 21-97 y had brain PET with [18F]VAT. [3H]VAT autoradiography identified brain areas devoid of specific binding in cortical white matter. PET image-based white matter reference region size, model start time, and duration were optimized for calculations of Logan nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND). Ten participants had 2 scans to determine test-retest variability. Finally, we analyzed age-dependent differences in participants. Results: [18F]VAT was widely distributed in the brain, with high striatal, thalamic, amygdala, hippocampal, cerebellar vermis, and regionally specific uptake in the cerebral cortex. [3H]VAT autoradiography-specific binding and PET [18F]VAT uptake were low in white matter. [18F]VAT SUVs in the white matter reference region correlated with age, requiring stringent erosion parameters. Logan BPND estimates stabilized using at least 40 min of data starting 25 min after injection. Test-retest variability had excellent reproducibility and reliability in repeat BPND calculations for 10 participants (putamen, 6.8%; r > 0.93). We observed age-dependent decreases in the caudate and putamen (multiple comparisons corrected) and in numerous cortical regions. Finally, we provide power tables to indicate potential mean differences that can be detected between 2 groups of participants. Conclusion: These results validate a reference region for BPND calculations and demonstrate the viability, reproducibility, and utility of using the [18F]VAT tracer in humans to quantify cholinergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L O'Donnell
- Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Anil Kumar Soda
- Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hao Jiang
- Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Scott A Norris
- Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Baijayanta Maiti
- Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Morvarid Karimi
- Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen M Moerlein
- Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Zhude Tu
- Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Neuroscience, Physical, and Occupational Therapy, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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17
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Bertagna F, Ahmad S, Lewis R, Silva SRP, McFadden J, Huang CLH, Matthews HR, Jeevaratnam K. Loose patch clamp membrane current measurements in cornus ammonis 1 neurons in murine hippocampal slices. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024. [PMID: 38602714 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Hippocampal pyramidal neuronal activity has been previously studied using conventional patch clamp in isolated cells and brain slices. We here introduce the loose patch clamping study of voltage-activated currents from in situ pyramidal neurons in murine cornus ammonis 1 hippocampal coronal slices. Depolarizing pulses of 15-ms duration elicited early transient inward, followed by transient and prolonged outward currents in the readily identifiable junctional region between the stratum pyramidalis (SP) and oriens (SO) containing pyramidal cell somas and initial segments. These resembled pyramidal cell currents previously recorded using conventional patch clamp. Shortening the depolarizing pulses to >1-2 ms continued to evoke transient currents; hyperpolarizing pulses to varying voltages evoked decays whose time constants could be shortened to <1 ms, clarifying the speed of clamping in this experimental system. The inward and outward currents had distinct pharmacological characteristics and voltage-dependent inactivation and recovery from inactivation. Comparative recordings from the SP, known to contain pyramidal cell somas, demonstrated similar current properties. Recordings from the SO and stratum radiatum demonstrated smaller inward and outward current magnitudes and reduced transient outward currents, consistent with previous conventional patch clamp results from their different interneuron types. The loose patch clamp method is thus useful for in situ studies of neurons in hippocampal brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bertagna
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Shiraz Ahmad
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Johnjoe McFadden
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Christopher L-H Huang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugh R Matthews
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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18
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Walhovd KB, Krogsrud SK, Amlien IK, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Bråthen ACS, Overbye K, Kransberg J, Mowinckel AM, Magnussen F, Herud M, Håberg AK, Fjell AM, Vidal-Pineiro D. Fetal influence on the human brain through the lifespan. eLife 2024; 12:RP86812. [PMID: 38602745 PMCID: PMC11008813 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human fetal development has been associated with brain health at later stages. It is unknown whether growth in utero, as indexed by birth weight (BW), relates consistently to lifespan brain characteristics and changes, and to what extent these influences are of a genetic or environmental nature. Here we show remarkably stable and lifelong positive associations between BW and cortical surface area and volume across and within developmental, aging and lifespan longitudinal samples (N = 5794, 4-82 y of age, w/386 monozygotic twins, followed for up to 8.3 y w/12,088 brain MRIs). In contrast, no consistent effect of BW on brain changes was observed. Partly environmental effects were indicated by analysis of twin BW discordance. In conclusion, the influence of prenatal growth on cortical topography is stable and reliable through the lifespan. This early-life factor appears to influence the brain by association of brain reserve, rather than brain maintenance. Thus, fetal influences appear omnipresent in the spacetime of the human brain throughout the human lifespan. Optimizing fetal growth may increase brain reserve for life, also in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Stine K Krogsrud
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Knut Overbye
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Jonas Kransberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Fredrik Magnussen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Martine Herud
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyOsloNorway
| | - Anders Martin Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Didac Vidal-Pineiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of OsloOsloNorway
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19
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Benoit J, Araujo R, Lund ES, Bolton A, Lafferty T, Macungo Z, Fernandez V. Early synapsids neurosensory diversity revealed by CT and synchrotron scanning. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38600433 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Non-mammaliaform synapsids (NMS) represent the closest relatives of today's mammals among the early amniotes. Exploring their brain and nervous system is key to understanding how mammals evolved. Here, using CT and Synchrotron scanning, we document for the first time three extreme cases of neurosensory and behavioral adaptations that probe into the wide range of unexpected NMS paleoneurological diversity. First, we describe adaptations to low-frequency hearing and low-light conditions in the non-mammalian cynodont Cistecynodon parvus, supporting adaptations to an obligatory fossorial lifestyle. Second, we describe the uniquely complex and three-dimensional maxillary canal morphology of the biarmosuchian Pachydectes elsi, which suggests that it may have used its cranial bosses for display or low-energy combat. Finally, we introduce a paleopathology found in the skull of Moschognathus whaitsi. Since the specimen was not fully grown, this condition suggests the possibility that this species might have engaged in playful fighting as juveniles-a behavior that is both social and structured. Additionally, this paper discusses other evidence that could indicate that tapinocephalid dinocephalians were social animals, living and interacting closely with one another. Altogether, these examples evidence the wide range of diversity of neurological structures and complex behavior in NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benoit
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R Araujo
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, InstitutoSuperior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E S Lund
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Bolton
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - T Lafferty
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Z Macungo
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - V Fernandez
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
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20
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Adedayo BC, Agunloye OM, Obawarrah RY, Oboh G. Caffeic acid attenuates memory dysfunction and restores the altered activity of cholinergic, monoaminergic and purinergic in brain of cadmium chloride exposure rats. J Complement Integr Med 2024; 0:jcim-2024-0015. [PMID: 38591965 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2024-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of caffeic acid (CAF) against cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in rats via its effect on memory index as well as on altered enzymatic activity in the brain of CdCl2-induced neurotoxicity. Methods The experimental rats were divided into seven groups (n=6 rats per group) of healthy rats (group 1), CdCl2 -induced (CD) (3 mg/kg BW) rats (group 2), CD rats + Vitamin C (group 3), CD rats + CAF (10 and 20 mg/kg BW respectively) (group 4 & 5), and healthy rat + CAF (10 and 20 mg/kg BW respectively) (group 6 & 7). Thereafter, CdCl2 and CAF were administered orally to the experimental rats in group 2 to group 5 on daily basis for 14 days. Then, the Y-maze test was performed on the experimental rats to ascertain their memory index. Results CdCl2 administration significantly altered cognitive function, the activity of cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, arginase, purinergic enzymes, nitric oxide (NOx), and antioxidant status of Cd rats (untreated) when compared with healthy rats. Thereafter, CD rats treated with vitamin C and CAF (10 and 20 mg/kg BW) respectively exhibited an improved cognitive function, and the observed altered activity of cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, arginase, purinergic were restored when compared with untreated CD rats. Also, the level of brain NOx and antioxidant status were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced when compared with untreated CD rats. In the same vein, CAF administration offers neuro-protective effect in healthy rats vis-à-vis improved cognitive function, reduction in the activity of some enzymes linked to the progression of cognitive dysfunction, and improved antioxidant status when compared to healthy rats devoid of CAF. Conclusions This study demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of CAF against CdCl2 exposure and in healthy rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola C Adedayo
- 107738 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology , Akure, Nigeria
| | - Odunayo M Agunloye
- 107738 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology , Akure, Nigeria
| | - Rasheedat Y Obawarrah
- 107738 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology , Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- 107738 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology , Akure, Nigeria
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21
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Rao RB. Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction in Perinatal Iron Deficiency. Nutrients 2024; 16:1092. [PMID: 38613125 PMCID: PMC11013337 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency in the fetal and neonatal period (perinatal iron deficiency) bodes poorly for neurodevelopment. Given its common occurrence and the negative impact on brain development, a screening and treatment strategy that is focused on optimizing brain development in perinatal iron deficiency is necessary. Pediatric societies currently recommend a universal iron supplementation strategy for full-term and preterm infants that does not consider individual variation in body iron status and thus could lead to undertreatment or overtreatment. Moreover, the focus is on hematological normalcy and not optimal brain development. Several serum iron indices and hematological parameters in the perinatal period are associated with a risk of abnormal neurodevelopment, suggesting their potential use as biomarkers for screening and monitoring treatment in infants at risk for perinatal iron deficiency. A biomarker-based screening and treatment strategy that is focused on optimizing brain development will likely improve outcomes in perinatal iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra B. Rao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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22
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Elias GJB, Germann J, Joel SE, Li N, Horn A, Boutet A, Lozano AM. A large normative connectome for exploring the tractographic correlates of focal brain interventions. Sci Data 2024; 11:353. [PMID: 38589407 PMCID: PMC11002007 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) is a widely used neuroimaging modality that permits the in vivo exploration of white matter connections in the human brain. Normative structural connectomics - the application of large-scale, group-derived dMRI datasets to out-of-sample cohorts - have increasingly been leveraged to study the network correlates of focal brain interventions, insults, and other regions-of-interest (ROIs). Here, we provide a normative, whole-brain connectome in MNI space that enables researchers to interrogate fiber streamlines that are likely perturbed by given ROIs, even in the absence of subject-specific dMRI data. Assembled from multi-shell dMRI data of 985 healthy Human Connectome Project subjects using generalized Q-sampling imaging and multispectral normalization techniques, this connectome comprises ~12 million unique streamlines, the largest to date. It has already been utilized in at least 18 peer-reviewed publications, most frequently in the context of neuromodulatory interventions like deep brain stimulation and focused ultrasound. Now publicly available, this connectome will constitute a useful tool for understanding the wider impact of focal brain perturbations on white matter architecture going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J B Elias
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jürgen Germann
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ningfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alexandre Boutet
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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23
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Liang L, Rollin IZ, Alikaya A, Ho JC, Santini T, Bostan AC, Schwerdt HN, Stauffer WR, Ibrahim TS, Pirondini E, Schaeffer DJ. An open-source MRI compatible frame for multimodal presurgical mapping in macaque and capuchin monkeys. J Neurosci Methods 2024:110133. [PMID: 38588922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-precision neurosurgical targeting in nonhuman primates (NHPs) often requires presurgical anatomy mapping with noninvasive neuroimaging techniques (MRI, CT, PET), allowing for translation of individual anatomical coordinates to surgical stereotaxic apparatus. Given the varied tissue contrasts that these imaging techniques produce, precise alignment of imaging-based coordinates to surgical apparatus can be cumbersome. MRI-compatible stereotaxis with radiopaque fiducial markers offer a straight-forward and reliable solution, but existing commercial options do not fit in conformal head coils that maximize imaging quality. NEW METHOD We developed a compact MRI-compatible stereotaxis suitable for a variety of NHP species (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, and Cebus apella) that allows multimodal alignment through technique-specific fiducial markers. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS With the express purpose of compatibility with clinically available MRI, CT, and PET systems, the frame is no larger than a human head, while allowing for imaging NHPs in the supinated position. This design requires no marker implantation, special software, or additional knowledge other than the operation of a common large animal stereotaxis. RESULTS We demonstrated the applicability of this 3D-printable apparatus across a diverse set of experiments requiring presurgical planning: 1) We demonstrate the accuracy of the fiducial system through a within-MRI cannula insertion and subcortical injection of viral vectors. 2) We also demonstrated accuracy of multimodal (MRI and CT) alignment and coordinate transfer to guide a surgical robot electrode implantation for deep-brain electrophysiology. CONCLUSIONS The computer-aided design files and engineering drawings are publicly available, with the modular design allowing for low cost and manageable manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Liang
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Aydin Alikaya
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan C Ho
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tales Santini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andreea C Bostan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Helen N Schwerdt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - William R Stauffer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Tamer S Ibrahim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elvira Pirondini
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Physical Med. & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD.
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24
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Widjaya MA, Lee SD, Cheng WC, Wu BT. Effects of Exercise Training on Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in the Cortex of Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD230803. [PMID: 38578886 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the immune system due to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau associated molecular pathology and other pathogenic processes. To address AD pathogenesis, various approaches had been conducted from drug development to lifestyle modification to reduce the prevalence of AD. Exercise is considered a prominent lifestyle modification to combat AD. Objective This observation prompted us to review the literature on exercise related to immune genes in the cortex of animal models of AD. We focused on animal model studies due to their prevalence in this domain. Methods The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA standards using Web of Science (WoS) and PubMed databases. Any kind of genes, proteins, and molecular molecules were included in this systematic review. The list of these immune-related molecules was analyzed in the STRING database for functional enrichment analysis. Results We found that 17 research studies discussed immune-related molecules and 30 immune proteins. These studies showed that exercise had the ability to ameliorate dysfunction in AD-related pathways, which led to decreasing the expression of microglia-related pathways and Th17-related immune pathways. As a result of decreasing the expression of immune-related pathways, the expression of apoptosis-related pathways was also decreasing, and neuronal survival was increased by exercise activity. Conclusions Based on functional enrichment analysis, exercise not only could reduce apoptotic factors and immune components but also could increase cell survival and Aβ clearance in cortex samples. PROSPERO ID: CRD42022326093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Anekson Widjaya
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, PhD program in Healthcare Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Tsang Wu
- Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Hoang TA, Gracia G, Cao E, Nicolazzo JA, Trevaskis NL. Quantifying the Lymphatic Transport of Model Therapeutics from the Brain in Rats. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 38579335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the drainage of fluids, immune cells, antigens, fluorescent tracers, and other solutes from the brain has been demonstrated to occur along lymphatic outflow pathways to the deep cervical lymph nodes in the neck. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the lymphatic transport of therapeutics from the brain. The objective of this study was to determine the lymphatic transport of model therapeutics of different molecular weights and lipophilicity from the brain using cervical lymph cannulation and ligation models in rats. To do this, anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated at the carotid artery and cannulated, ligated, or left intact at the cervical lymph duct. Rats were administered 14C-ibuprofen (206.29 g/mol, logP 3.84), 3H-halofantrine HCl (536.89 g/mol, logP 8.06), or 3H-albumin (∼65,000 g/mol) via direct injection into the brain striatum at a rate of 0.5 μL/min over 16 min. Plasma or cervical lymph samples were collected for up to 6-8 h following dosing, and brain and lymph nodes were collected at 6 or 8 h. Samples were subsequently analyzed for radioactivity levels via scintillation counting. For 14C-ibuprofen, plasma concentrations over time (plasma AUC0-6h) were >2 fold higher in lymph-ligated rats than in lymph-intact rats, suggesting that ibuprofen is cleared from the brain primarily via nonlymphatic routes (e.g., across the blood-brain barrier) but that this clearance is influenced by changes in lymphatic flow. For 3H-halofantrine, >73% of the dose was retained at the brain dosing site in lymph-intact and lymph-ligated groups, and plasma AUC0-8h values were low in both groups (<0.3% dose.h/mL), consistent with the high retention in the brain. It was therefore not possible to determine whether halofantrine undergoes lymphatic transport from the brain within the duration of the study. For 3H-albumin, plasma AUC0-8h values were not significantly different between lymph-intact, lymph-ligated, and lymph-cannulated rats. However, >4% of the dose was recovered in cervical lymph over 8 h. Lymph/plasma concentration ratios of 3H-albumin were also very high (up to 53:1). Together, these results indicate that 3H-albumin is transported from the brain not only via lymphatic routes but also via the blood. Similar to other tissues, the lymphatics may thus play a significant role in the transport of macromolecules, including therapeutic proteins, from the brain but are unlikely to be a major transport pathway from the brain for small molecule drugs that are not lipophilic. Our rat cervical lymph cannulation model can be used to quantify the lymphatic drainage of different molecules and factors from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu A Hoang
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gracia Gracia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Enyuan Cao
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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26
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Henriques C, Lopes MM, Silva AC, Lobo DD, Badin RA, Hantraye P, Pereira de Almeida L, Nobre RJ. Viral-based animal models in polyglutamine disorders. Brain 2024; 147:1166-1189. [PMID: 38284949 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine disorders are a complex group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders caused by an abnormal expansion in the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine tract of the affected gene. To better understand these disorders, our dependence on animal models persists, primarily relying on transgenic models. In an effort to complement and deepen our knowledge, researchers have also developed animal models of polyglutamine disorders employing viral vectors. Viral vectors have been extensively used to deliver genes to the brain, not only for therapeutic purposes but also for the development of animal models, given their remarkable flexibility. In a time- and cost-effective manner, it is possible to use different transgenes, at varying doses, in diverse targeted tissues, at different ages, and in different species, to recreate polyglutamine pathology. This paper aims to showcase the utility of viral vectors in disease modelling, share essential considerations for developing animal models with viral vectors, and provide a comprehensive review of existing viral-based animal models for polyglutamine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana D Lobo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Romina Aron Badin
- CEA, DRF, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Bekdash RA. Epigenetics, Nutrition, and the Brain: Improving Mental Health through Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4036. [PMID: 38612845 PMCID: PMC11012292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between nutrition and brain health is intricate. Studies suggest that nutrients during early life impact not only human physiology but also mental health. Although the exact molecular mechanisms that depict this relationship remain unclear, there are indications that environmental factors such as eating, lifestyle habits, stress, and physical activity, influence our genes and modulate their function by epigenetic mechanisms to shape mental health outcomes. Epigenetic mechanisms act as crucial link between genes and environmental influences, proving that non-genetic factors could have enduring effects on the epigenome and influence health trajectories. We review studies that demonstrated an epigenetic mechanism of action of nutrition on mental health, focusing on the role of specific micronutrients during critical stages of brain development. The methyl-donor micronutrients of the one-carbon metabolism, such as choline, betaine, methionine, folic acid, VitB6 and VitB12 play critical roles in various physiological processes, including DNA and histone methylation. These micronutrients have been shown to alter gene function and susceptibility to diseases including mental health and metabolic disorders. Understanding how micronutrients influence metabolic genes in humans can lead to the implementation of early nutritional interventions to reduce the risk of developing metabolic and mental health disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A Bekdash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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28
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Rathor R, Suryakumar G. Myokines: A central point in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38572958 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a crucial phenomenon that is obligatory for maintaining the healthy status of cells. However, the loss of redox homeostasis may lead to numerous diseases that ultimately result in a compromised quality of life. Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that secretes hundreds of myokines. Myokines are peptides and cytokines produced and released by muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle secreted myokines act as a robust modulator for regulating cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis which play a prime role in managing and improving metabolic function in multiple organs. Further, the secretory myokines maintain redox homeostasis not only in muscles but also in other organs of the body via stabilizing oxidants and antioxidant levels. Myokines are also engaged in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondria is a central point for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ergo, myokines also act as a central player in communicating signals to other organs, including the pancreas, gut, liver, bone, adipose tissue, brain, and skin via their autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of skeletal muscle-secreted myokines in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Additionally, probable strategies will be discussed that provide a solution for a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
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29
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Aaron S, Ferreira JM, Coutinho JM, Canhão P, Conforto AB, Arauz A, Carvalho M, Masjuan J, Sharma VK, Putaala J, Uyttenboogaart M, Werring DJ, Bazan R, Mohindra S, Weber J, Coert BA, Kirubakaran P, Sanchez van Kammen M, Singh P, Aguiar de Sousa D, Ferro JM. Outcomes of Decompressive Surgery for Patients With Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: DECOMPRESS2 Observational Study. Stroke 2024. [PMID: 38572636 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decompressive neurosurgery is recommended for patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) who have large parenchymal lesions and impending brain herniation. This recommendation is based on limited evidence. We report long-term outcomes of patients with CVT treated by decompressive neurosurgery in an international cohort. METHODS DECOMPRESS2 (Decompressive Surgery for Patients With Cerebral Venous Thrombosis, Part 2) was a prospective, international cohort study. Consecutive patients with CVT treated by decompressive neurosurgery were evaluated at admission, discharge, 6 months, and 12 months. The primary outcome was death or severe disability (modified Rankin Scale scores, 5-6) at 12 months. The secondary outcomes included patient and caregiver opinions on the benefits of surgery. The association between baseline variables before surgery and the primary outcome was assessed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 118 patients (80 women; median age, 38 years) were included from 15 centers in 10 countries from December 2011 to December 2019. Surgery (115 craniectomies and 37 hematoma evacuations) was performed within a median of 1 day after diagnosis. At last assessment before surgery, 68 (57.6%) patients were comatose, fixed dilated pupils were found unilaterally in 27 (22.9%) and bilaterally in 9 (7.6%). Twelve-month follow-up data were available for 113 (95.8%) patients. Forty-six (39%) patients were dead or severely disabled (modified Rankin Scale scores, 5-6), of whom 40 (33.9%) patients had died. Forty-two (35.6%) patients were independent (modified Rankin Scale scores, 0-2). Coma (odds ratio, 2.39 [95% CI, 1.03-5.56]) and fixed dilated pupil (odds ratio, 2.22 [95% CI, 0.90-4.92]) were predictors of death or severe disability. Of the survivors, 56 (78.9%) patients and 61 (87.1%) caregivers expressed a positive opinion on surgery. CONCLUSIONS Two-thirds of patients with severe CVT were alive and more than one-third were independent 1 year after decompressive surgery. Among survivors, surgery was judged as worthwhile by 4 out of 5 patients and caregivers. These results support the recommendation to perform decompressive neurosurgery in patients with CVT with impending brain herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Aaron
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India (S.A., P.K., P.S.)
| | - Jorge M Ferreira
- Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Portugal (Jorge M. Ferreira)
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. (J.M.C., M.S.v.K.)
| | - Patrícia Canhão
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal. (P.C.)
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal (P.C., D.A.d.S., José M. Ferro)
| | | | - Antonio Arauz
- Stroke Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico. (A.A.)
| | - Marta Carvalho
- Serviço de Neurologia, Unidade Local de Saúde São João (M.C.)
- Departamento de Neurociências Clínicas e Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal (M.C.)
| | - Jaime Masjuan
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá. Red Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Madrid, Spain. (J.M.)
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (V.K.S.)
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland (J.P.)
| | - Maarten Uyttenboogaart
- Department of Neurology and Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands. (M.U.)
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom (D.J.W.)
| | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Faculdade de Medicina Campus de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (R.B.)
| | - Sandeep Mohindra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.M.)
| | - Jochen Weber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Steinenberg Clinic, Reutlingen, Germany (J.W.)
| | - Bert A Coert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. (B.A.C.)
| | - Prabhu Kirubakaran
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India (S.A., P.K., P.S.)
| | - Mayte Sanchez van Kammen
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. (J.M.C., M.S.v.K.)
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India (S.A., P.K., P.S.)
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal (P.C., D.A.d.S., José M. Ferro)
- Stroke Center, Lisbon Central University Hospital, Portugal (D.A.d.S.)
| | - José M Ferro
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal (P.C., D.A.d.S., José M. Ferro)
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Bosseler AN, Meltzoff AN, Bierer S, Huber E, Mizrahi JC, Larson E, Endevelt-Shapira Y, Taulu S, Kuhl PK. Infants' brain responses to social interaction predict future language growth. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00317-8. [PMID: 38593800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In face-to-face interactions with infants, human adults exhibit a species-specific communicative signal. Adults present a distinctive "social ensemble": they use infant-directed speech (parentese), respond contingently to infants' actions and vocalizations, and react positively through mutual eye-gaze and smiling. Studies suggest that this social ensemble is essential for initial language learning. Our hypothesis is that the social ensemble attracts attentional systems to speech and that sensorimotor systems prepare infants to respond vocally, both of which advance language learning. Using infant magnetoencephalography (MEG), we measure 5-month-old infants' neural responses during live verbal face-to-face (F2F) interaction with an adult (social condition) and during a control (nonsocial condition) in which the adult turns away from the infant to speak to another person. Using a longitudinal design, we tested whether infants' brain responses to these conditions at 5 months of age predicted their language growth at five future time points. Brain areas involved in attention (right hemisphere inferior frontal, right hemisphere superior temporal, and right hemisphere inferior parietal) show significantly higher theta activity in the social versus nonsocial condition. Critical to theory, we found that infants' neural activity in response to F2F interaction in attentional and sensorimotor regions significantly predicted future language development into the third year of life, more than 2 years after the initial measurements. We develop a view of early language acquisition that underscores the centrality of the social ensemble, and we offer new insight into the neurobiological components that link infants' language learning to their early brain functioning during social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis N Bosseler
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew N Meltzoff
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven Bierer
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Huber
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julia C Mizrahi
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eric Larson
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yaara Endevelt-Shapira
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Samu Taulu
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patricia K Kuhl
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Mills A, Shoudis L, Cook M, Ranpara A, Chantler PD, Olfert IM. Gestation, Not Lactation, Is to Blame for Postnatal Vascular Dysfunction in Offspring With Maternal Electronic Cigarette Exposure. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034030. [PMID: 38533948 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.034030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Mills
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
| | - Lainey Shoudis
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
| | - Mary Cook
- Division of Exercise Physiology West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
| | - Anand Ranpara
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
- Neuroscience West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
- Division of Exercise Physiology West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV
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Taoka T, Ito R, Nakamichi R, Nakane T, Kawai H, Naganawa S. Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis ALong the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS): Revisiting the Meaning and Significance of the Method. Magn Reson Med Sci 2024:rev.2023-0175. [PMID: 38569866 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2023-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 5 years have passed since the Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis ALong the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) method was proposed with the intention of evaluating the glymphatic system. This method is handy due to its noninvasiveness, provision of a simple index in a straightforward formula, and the possibility of retrospective analysis. Therefore, the ALPS method was adopted to evaluate the glymphatic system for many disorders in many studies. The purpose of this review is to look back and discuss the ALPS method at this moment.The ALPS-index was found to be an indicator of a number of conditions related to the glymphatic system. Thus, although this was expected in the original report, the results of the ALPS method are often interpreted as uniquely corresponding to the function of the glymphatic system. However, a number of subsequent studies have pointed out the problems on the data interpretation. As they rightly point out, a higher ALPS-index indicates predominant Brownian motion of water molecules in the radial direction at the lateral ventricular body level, no more and no less. Fortunately, the term "ALPS-index" has become common and is now known as a common term by many researchers. Therefore, the ALPS-index should simply be expressed as high or low, and whether it reflects a glymphatic system is better to be discussed carefully. In other words, when a decreased ALPS-index is observed, it should be expressed as "decreased ALPS-index" and not directly as "glymphatic dysfunction". Recently, various methods have been proposed to evaluate the glymphatic system. It has become clear that these methods also do not seem to reflect the entirety of the extremely complex glymphatic system. This means that it would be desirable to use various methods in combination to evaluate the glymphatic system in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Taoka
- Department of Innovative Biomedical Visualization (iBMV), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ito
- Department of Innovative Biomedical Visualization (iBMV), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rei Nakamichi
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakane
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Department of Radiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Naganawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Drury KM, Hall TA, Orwoll B, Adhikary S, Kirby A, Williams CN. Exposure to Sedation and Analgesia Medications: Short-term Cognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Critical Care Survivors With Acquired Brain Injury. J Intensive Care Med 2024; 39:374-386. [PMID: 37885235 DOI: 10.1177/08850666231210261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objective: Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors risk significant cognitive morbidity, particularly those with acquired brain injury (ABI) diagnoses. Studies show sedative and analgesic medication may potentiate neurologic injury, but few studies evaluate impact on survivor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate whether exposures to analgesic and sedative medications are associated with worse neurocognitive outcome. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 91 patients aged 8 to 18 years, undergoing clinical neurocognitive evaluation approximately 1 to 3 months after PICU discharge. Electronic health data was queried for sedative and analgesic medication exposures, including opioids, benzodiazepines, propofol, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine. Doses were converted to class equivalents, evaluated by any exposure and cumulative dose exposure per patient weight. Cognitive outcome was derived from 8 objective cognitive assessments with an emphasis on executive function skills using Principal Components Analysis. Then, linear regression was used to control for baseline cognitive function estimates to calculate a standardized residualized neurocognitive index (rNCI) z-score. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the association between rNCI and medication exposure controlling for covariates. Significance was defined as P < .05. Results: Most (n = 80; 88%) patients received 1 or more study medications. Any exposure and higher cumulative doses of benzodiazepine and ketamine were significantly associated with worse rNCI in bivariate analyses. When controlling for Medicaid, preadmission comorbid conditions, length of stay, delirium, and receipt of other medication classes, receipt of benzodiazepine was associated with significantly worse rNCI (β-coefficient = -0.48, 95% confidence interval = -0.88, -0.08). Conclusions: Exposure to benzodiazepines was independently associated with worse acute phase cognitive outcome using objective assessments focused on executive function skills when controlling for demographic and illness characteristics. Clinician decisions regarding medication regimens in the PICU may serve as a modifiable factor to improve outcomes. Additional inquiry into associations with long-term cognitive outcome and optimal medication regimens is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt M Drury
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Pediatric Critical Care and Neurotrauma Recovery Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Trevor A Hall
- Pediatric Critical Care and Neurotrauma Recovery Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Psychology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin Orwoll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sweta Adhikary
- Pediatric Critical Care and Neurotrauma Recovery Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aileen Kirby
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cydni N Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Pediatric Critical Care and Neurotrauma Recovery Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Verlaat L, Rijks N, Dilai J, Admiraal M, Beudel M, de Bie RM, van der Zwaag W, Schuurman R, van den Munckhof P, Bot M. 7-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanning in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: Improving Visualization of the Dorsolateral Subthalamic Nucleus. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:373-380. [PMID: 38385792 PMCID: PMC10982587 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) can be challenging due to the size and double-oblique orientation. Since 2015 we implemented 7-Tesla T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (7 T T2) for improving visualization and targeting of the dorsolateral STN. We describe the changes in surgical planning and outcome since implementation of 7 T T2 for DBS in PD. METHODS By comparing two cohorts of STN DBS patients in different time periods we evaluated the influence of 7 T T2 on STN target planning, the number of microelectrode recording (MER) trajectories, length of STN activity and the postoperative motor (UPDRS) improvement. RESULTS From February 2007 to January 2014, 1.5 and 3-Tesla T2 guided STN DBS with 3 MER channels was performed in 76 PD patients. Average length of recorded STN activity in the definite electrode trajectory was 3.9 ± 1.5 mm. From January 2015 to January 2022 7 T T2 and MER-guided STN DBS was performed in 182 PD patients. Average length of recorded STN activity in the definite electrode trajectory was 5.1 ± 1.3 mm and used MER channels decreased from 3 to 1. Average UPDRS improvement was comparable. CONCLUSION Implementation of 7 T T2 for STN DBS enabled a refinement in targeting. Combining classical DBS targeting with dorsolateral STN alignment may be used to determine the optimal trajectory. The improvement in dorsolateral STN visualization can be used for further target refinements, for example adding probabilistic subthalamic connectivity, to enhance clinical outcome of STN DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Verlaat
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Centers, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Niels Rijks
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Centers, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - José Dilai
- Department of Neurology and Clinical NeurophysiologyUniversity Medical Centers, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Admiraal
- Department of Neurology and Clinical NeurophysiologyUniversity Medical Centers, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beudel
- Department of Neurology and Clinical NeurophysiologyUniversity Medical Centers, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Rob M.A. de Bie
- Department of Neurology and Clinical NeurophysiologyUniversity Medical Centers, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Wietske van der Zwaag
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Rick Schuurman
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Centers, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van den Munckhof
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Centers, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Maarten Bot
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Centers, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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Strozzi C, Di Battista C, Graziosi A, D'Adamo E, Librandi M, Patacchiola R, Maconi A, Ghiglione V, Pelazzo C, Pasino M, Paterlini G, Bozzetti V, Salvo V, Gazzolo F, Concolino D, Abella L, Spinelli M, Betti M, Bertolotti M, Gazzolo D. Cerebral and systemic near infrared spectroscopy patterns in preterm infants treated by caffeine. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:700-708. [PMID: 38156367 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of caffeine loading/maintenance administration on near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral, kidney and splanchnic patterns in preterm infants. METHODS We conducted a multicentre case-control prospective study in 40 preterm infants (gestational age 29 ± 2 weeks) where each case acted as its own control. A caffeine loading dose of 20 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg after 24 h were administered intravenously. Near infrared spectroscopy monitoring parameters were monitored 30 min before, 30 min during and 180 min after caffeine therapy administration. RESULTS A significant increase (p < 0.05) in splanchnic regional oxygenation and tissue function and a decrease (p < 0.05) in cerebral tissue function after loading dose was shown. A preferential hemodynamic redistribution from cerebral to splanchnic bloodstream was also observed. After caffeine maintenance dose regional oxygenation did not change in the monitored districts, while tissue function increased in kidney and splanchnic bloodstream. CONCLUSION Different caffeine administration modalities affect cerebral/systemic oxygenation status, tissue function and hemodynamic pattern in preterm infants. Future studies correlating near infrared spectroscopy parameters and caffeine therapy are needed to determine the short/long-term effect of caffeine in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Strozzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | | | - Ebe D'Adamo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michela Librandi
- Department of Pediatrics, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Maconi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valeria Ghiglione
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Claudia Pelazzo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marta Pasino
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paterlini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Monza-Brianza, Italy
| | - Valentina Bozzetti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Monza-Brianza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salvo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Gazzolo
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Concolino
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Martina Spinelli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Piemonte Orientale University, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marta Betti
- Integrated Activities Research Innovation Department, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marinella Bertolotti
- Integrated Activities Research Innovation Department, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Diego Gazzolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Achkasova K, Kukhnina L, Moiseev A, Kiseleva E, Bogomolova A, Loginova M, Gladkova N. Detection of acute and early-delayed radiation-induced changes in the white matter of the rat brain based on numerical processing of optical coherence tomography data. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300458. [PMID: 38253332 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Detection of radiation-induced changes of the brain white matter is important for brain neoplasms repeated surgery. We investigated the influence of irradiation on the scattering properties of the white matter using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Healthy Wistar rats undergone the irradiation of the brain right hemisphere. At seven time points from the irradiation procedure (2-14 weeks), an ex vivo OCT study was performed with subsequent calculation of attenuation coefficient values in the corpus callosum followed by immunohistochemical analysis. As a result, we discovered acute and early-delayed changes characterized by the edema of different severity, accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in attenuation coefficient values. In particular, these changes were found at 2 weeks after irradiation in the irradiated hemisphere, while at 6- and 12-week time points they affected both irradiated and contralateral hemisphere. Thus, radiation-induced changes occurring in white matter during the first 3 months after irradiation can be detected by OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Achkasova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kukhnina
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander Moiseev
- Laboratory of Highly Sensitive Optical Measurements, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexandra Bogomolova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Loginova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Gladkova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Du J, Pan Y, Jiang J, Liu Y, Lam BCP, Schutte AE, Tsang IW, Sachdev PS, Wen W. Association of Blood Pressure With Brain Ages: A Cohort Study of Gray and White Matter Aging Discrepancy in Mid-to-Older Adults From UK Biobank. Hypertension 2024; 81:906-916. [PMID: 38465593 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) impairments are both associated with raised blood pressure (BP), although whether elevated BP is differentially associated with the GM and WM aging process remains inadequately examined. METHODS We included 37 327 participants with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 39 630 participants with T1-weighted scans from UK Biobank. BP was classified into 4 categories: normal BP, high-normal BP, grade 1, and grade 2 hypertension. Brain age gaps (BAGs) for GM (BAGGM) and WM (BAGWM) were derived from diffusion-weighted imaging and T1 scans separately using 3-dimensional-convolutional neural network deep learning techniques. RESULTS There was an increase in both BAGGM and BAGWM with raised BP (P<0.05). BAGWM was significantly larger than BAGGM at high-normal BP (0.195 years older; P=0.006), grade 1 hypertension (0.174 years older; P=0.004), and grade 2 hypertension (0.510 years older; P<0.001), but not for normal BP. Mediation analysis revealed that the association between hypertension and cognitive decline was primarily mediated by WM impairment. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal relationship between hypertension and WM aging acceleration (unstandardized B, 1.780; P=0.016) but not for GM (P>0.05). Sliding-window analysis indicated the association between hypertension and brain aging acceleration was moderated by chronological age, showing stronger correlations in midlife but weaker associations in the older age. CONCLUSIONS Compared with GM, WM was more vulnerable to raised BP. Our study provided compelling evidence that concerted efforts should be directed towards WM damage in individuals with hypertension in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia (J.D., J.J., B.C.P.L., P.S.S., W.W.)
| | - Yuangang Pan
- Centre for Frontier AI Research, A*STAR, Singapore (Y.P., I.W.T.)
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia (J.D., J.J., B.C.P.L., P.S.S., W.W.)
| | - Yue Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.)
| | - Ben C P Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia (J.D., J.J., B.C.P.L., P.S.S., W.W.)
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- School of Population Health, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.E.S.)
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.E.S.)
| | - Ivor W Tsang
- Centre for Frontier AI Research, A*STAR, Singapore (Y.P., I.W.T.)
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia (J.D., J.J., B.C.P.L., P.S.S., W.W.)
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia (P.S.S., W.W.)
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia (J.D., J.J., B.C.P.L., P.S.S., W.W.)
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia (P.S.S., W.W.)
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Roberts AG, Romano DJ, Şişman M, Dimov AV, Nguyen TD, Kovanlikaya I, Gauthier SA, Wang Y, Spincemaille P. Maximum spherical mean value filtering for whole- brain QSM. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1586-1597. [PMID: 38169132 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a tissue field-filtering algorithm, called maximum spherical mean value (mSMV), for reducing shadow artifacts in QSM of the brain without requiring brain-tissue erosion. THEORY AND METHODS Residual background field is a major source of shadow artifacts in QSM. The mSMV algorithm filters large field-magnitude values near the border, where the maximum value of the harmonic background field is located. The effectiveness of mSMV for artifact removal was evaluated by comparing existing QSM algorithms in numerical brain simulation as well as using in vivo human data acquired from 11 healthy volunteers and 93 patients. RESULTS Numerical simulation showed that mSMV reduces shadow artifacts and improves QSM accuracy. Better shadow reduction, as demonstrated by lower QSM variation in the gray matter and higher QSM image quality score, was also observed in healthy subjects and in patients with hemorrhages, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION The mSMV algorithm allows QSM maps that are substantially equivalent to those obtained using SMV-filtered dipole inversion without eroding the volume of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Roberts
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dominick J Romano
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mert Şişman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexey V Dimov
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilhami Kovanlikaya
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan A Gauthier
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Gurler G, Yemisci M. Letter to the editor. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12969. [PMID: 38494996 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokce Gurler
- The Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muge Yemisci
- The Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM) Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
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Dao E, Barha CK, Zou J, Wei N, Liu-Ambrose T. Prevention of Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise. Stroke 2024; 55:812-821. [PMID: 38410973 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia, specifically cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), are the second most common cause of dementia. Currently, there are no specific pharmacological treatments for CSVD, and the use of conventional antidementia drugs is not recommended. Exercise has the potential to prevent and mitigate CSVD-related brain damage and improve cognitive function. Mechanistic pathways underlying the neurocognitive benefits of exercise include the control of vascular risk factors, improving endothelial function, and upregulating exerkines. Notably, the therapeutic efficacy of exercise may vary by exercise type (ie, aerobic versus resistance training) and biological sex; thus, studies designed specifically to examine these moderating factors within a CSVD context are needed. Furthermore, future research should prioritize resistance training interventions, given their tremendous therapeutic potential. Addressing these knowledge gaps will help us refine exercise recommendations to maximize their therapeutic impact in the prevention and mitigation of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dao
- Department of Radiology (E.D.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
| | - Cindy K Barha
- Faculty of Kinesiology (C.K.B.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (C.K.B.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jammy Zou
- Department of Physical Therapy (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, BC, Canada (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
| | - Nathan Wei
- Department of Physical Therapy (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, BC, Canada (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, BC, Canada (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
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Hewlett M, Oran O, Liu J, Drangova M. Prospective motion correction for brain MRI using spherical navigators. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1528-1540. [PMID: 38174443 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of performing prospective motion correction using spherical navigators (SNAVs). METHODS SNAVs were interleaved in a 3D FLASH sequence with an additional short baseline scan (6.8 s) for fast rotation estimation. Assessment of SNAV-based prospective motion correction was performed in six volunteers. Participant motion was guided using randomly generated stepwise prompts as well as prompts derived from real motion cases. Experiments were performed on a 3 T MRI scanner using a 32-channel head coil. RESULTS When optimized for real-time application, SNAV-based motion estimates were computed in 25.8 ± 1.3 ms. Phantom-based quantification of rotation and translation accuracy indicated mean absolute errors of 0.10 ± 0.09° and 0.25 ± 0.14 mm, respectively. Implementing SNAV-based motion estimates for prospective motion correction led to a clear improvement in image quality with minimal increase in scan time (<5%). CONCLUSION Optimization of SNAV processing for real-time application enables prospective motion correction with low latency and minimal scan time requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hewlett
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omer Oran
- Siemens Healthcare Limited, Oakville, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junmin Liu
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Drangova
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is an all-encompassing term that describes cognitive impairment due to cerebrovascular origins. With the advancement of imaging and pathological studies, we now understand that VCID is often comorbid with Alzheimer disease. While researchers in the Alzheimer disease field have been working for years to establish and test blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease diagnosis, prognosis, clinical therapy discovery, and early detection, blood-based biomarkers for VCID are in their infancy and also face challenges. VCID is heterogeneous, comprising many different pathological entities (ischemic, or hemorrhagic), and spatial and temporal differences (acute or chronic). This review highlights pathways that are aiding the search for sensitive and specific blood-based cerebrovascular dysfunction markers, describes promising candidates, and explains ongoing initiatives to discover blood-based VCID biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Foley
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis IN, USA
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Kara D, Koenig K, Lowe M, Nguyen C, Sakaie K. Facilitating diffusion tensor imaging of the brain during continuous gross head motion with first and second order motion compensating diffusion gradients. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1556-1566. [PMID: 38073070 PMCID: PMC10872734 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of motion compensating diffusion gradient schemes in the acquisition of quality diffusion tensor images (DTI) of the brain during continuous gross head motion. METHODS Five healthy subjects were scanned using a clinical 3 T MRI with and without continuous head motion. For one volunteer, DTI data was acquired using standard (M0) diffusion-weighted (DW) gradients, and first (M1) and second (M2) order gradient schemes that were previously developed for use in cardiac DTI. In four additional volunteers, DTI data was acquired with M0 and M2 gradients. DTI parameters were calculated and compared with established retrospective motion corrections. RESULTS In the absence of motion, DTI parameters calculated from M0, M1, and M2 data were consistent. In the presence of motion, up to 44% of DW images acquired with M0 gradients were corrupted by signal dropout, compared to 0% of the M2 images. In voxelwise comparisons, DTI parameters calculated using motion-M0 data were elevated compared to reference data. Retrospective corrections for extreme motion applied to motion-M0 data did not improve consistency with reference data in cases where motion corrupted >15% of DW images. In contrast, DTI parameters calculated with motion-M2 data were consistent with reference data. CONCLUSION This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that motion compensating diffusion gradients can mitigate artifacts because of continuous motion in DTI of the brain and offers promise for improved DTI accessibility. Further study will be necessary to determine the robustness of the approach in patient populations with high susceptibility to head motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Kara
- Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | | | - Mark Lowe
- Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University
| | - Ken Sakaie
- Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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Dos Santos EC, Summers BA, Elbert JA, Miller DM, Rissi DR. Canine glioma in the first year of life: 5 cases. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024:10406387241242733. [PMID: 38561905 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241242733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Most canine gliomas occur in adult and aged dogs, and reports in puppies < 12-mo-old are exceedingly rare. Here we describe the occurrence of gliomas in 5 dogs ≤ 12-mo-old. The affected patients (4 males, 1 female) were 3-12-mo-old (x̄ = 6.6-mo-old). None of the dogs were brachycephalic. Clinical signs consisted of dullness (2 cases), seizures (2 cases), vestibular signs, and deafness (1 case each). All patients were euthanized. Grossly, neoplasms were pale-tan or red, soft masses in the telencephalon (4 cases) or gelatinous leptomeningeal thickening in the brain and spinal cord (1 case). Neoplasms were classified as astrocytomas (3 cases) and oligodendrogliomas (2 cases) based on histology or histology and IHC. Our findings confirm that, while exceptionally rare, canine gliomas occur in the first year of life, and are clinically, morphologically, and immunohistochemically similar to gliomas in adult and aged dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esdras C Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian A Summers
- Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Elbert
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Doris M Miller
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Iwamura M, Ide S, Sato K, Kakuta A, Tatsuo S, Nozaki A, Wakayama T, Ueno T, Haga R, Kakizaki M, Yokoyama Y, Yamauchi R, Tsushima F, Shibutani K, Tomiyama M, Kakeda S. Thin-slice Two-dimensional T2-weighted Imaging with Deep Learning-based Reconstruction: Improved Lesion Detection in the Brain of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Magn Reson Med Sci 2024; 23:184-192. [PMID: 36927877 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain MRI with high spatial resolution allows for a more detailed delineation of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. The recently developed deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) technique enables image denoising with sharp edges and reduced artifacts, which improves the image quality of thin-slice 2D MRI. We, therefore, assessed the diagnostic value of 1 mm-slice-thickness 2D T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) with DLR (1 mm T2WI with DLR) compared with conventional MRI for identifying MS lesions. METHODS Conventional MRI (5 mm T2WI, 2D and 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) and 1 mm T2WI with DLR (imaging time: 7 minutes) were performed in 42 MS patients. For lesion detection, two neuroradiologists counted the MS lesions in two reading sessions (conventional MRI interpretation with 5 mm T2WI and MRI interpretations with 1 mm T2WI with DLR). The numbers of lesions per region category (cerebral hemisphere, basal ganglia, brain stem, cerebellar hemisphere) were then compared between the two reading sessions. RESULTS For the detection of MS lesions by 2 neuroradiologists, the total number of detected MS lesions was significantly higher for MRI interpretation with 1 mm T2WI with DLR than for conventional MRI interpretation with 5 mm T2WI (765 lesions vs. 870 lesions at radiologist A, < 0.05). In particular, of the 33 lesions in the brain stem, radiologist A detected 21 (63.6%) additional lesions by 1 mm T2WI with DLR. CONCLUSION Using the DLR technique, whole-brain 1 mm T2WI can be performed in about 7 minutes, which is feasible for routine clinical practice. MRI with 1 mm T2WI with DLR enabled increased MS lesion detection, particularly in the brain stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Iwamura
- Department of Radiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Radiology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Satoru Ide
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine
| | - Kenya Sato
- Department of Radiology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Akihisa Kakuta
- Department of Radiology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Soichiro Tatsuo
- Department of Radiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Tatsuya Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Rie Haga
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Misako Kakizaki
- Department of Radiology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Yoko Yokoyama
- Department of Radiology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital
| | | | - Fumiyasu Tsushima
- Department of Radiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Radiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
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Clancy U, Kancheva AK, Valdés Hernández MDC, Jochems ACC, Muñoz Maniega S, Quinn TJ, Wardlaw JM. Imaging Biomarkers of VCI: A Focused Update. Stroke 2024; 55:791-800. [PMID: 38445496 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment is common after stroke, in memory clinics, medicine for the elderly services, and undiagnosed in the community. Vascular disease is said to be the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer disease, yet vascular dysfunction is now known to predate cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease, and most dementias at older ages are mixed. Neuroimaging has a major role in identifying the proportion of vascular versus other likely pathologies in patients with cognitive impairment. Here, we aim to provide a pragmatic but evidence-based summary of the current state of potential imaging biomarkers, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, which are relevant to diagnosing, estimating prognosis, monitoring vascular cognitive impairment, and incorporating our own experiences. We focus on markers that are well-established, with a known profile of association with cognitive measures, but also consider more recently described, including quantitative tissue markers of vascular injury. We highlight the gaps in accessibility and translation to more routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Clancy
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (U.C., M.d.C.V.H. A.C.C.J., S.M.M., J.M.W.)
| | - Angelina K Kancheva
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.K.K., T.J.Q.)
| | - Maria Del C Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (U.C., M.d.C.V.H. A.C.C.J., S.M.M., J.M.W.)
| | - Angela C C Jochems
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (U.C., M.d.C.V.H. A.C.C.J., S.M.M., J.M.W.)
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (U.C., M.d.C.V.H. A.C.C.J., S.M.M., J.M.W.)
| | - Terence J Quinn
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.K.K., T.J.Q.)
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (U.C., M.d.C.V.H. A.C.C.J., S.M.M., J.M.W.)
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Gindri Dos Santos B, Maciel August P, Santos Rocha D, Mesquita I, Menegotto M, Stone V, Matté C. Late pregnancy maternal naringin supplementation affects the mitochondria in the cerebellum of Wistar rat offspring via sirtuin 3 and AKT. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024; 84:122-133. [PMID: 38238938 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenol consumption is associated with a wide range of neuroprotective effects by improving mitochondrial function and signaling. Consequently, the use of polyphenol supplementation has been investigated as an approach to prevent neurodevelopmental diseases during gestation; however, the data obtained are still very inconclusive, mostly because of the difficulty of choosing the correct doses and period of administration to properly prevent neurodegenerative diseases without undermining normal brain development. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of naringin supplementation during the third week of gestation on mitochondrial health and signaling in the cerebellum of 21-day-old offspring. The offspring born to naringin-supplemented dams displayed higher mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and superoxide content in the cerebellum without protein oxidative damage. Such alterations were associated with dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) downregulation, whereas the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) levels were strongly upregulated. Our findings suggest that high dietary polyphenol supplementation during gestation may reduce mitochondrial fission and affect mitochondrial dynamics even 3 weeks after delivery via SIRT3 and p-AKT. Although the offspring born to naringin dams did not present neurobehavioral defects, the mitochondrial alterations elicited by naringin may potentially interfere during neurodevelopment and need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Gindri Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pauline Maciel August
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Débora Santos Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ismael Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manuela Menegotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Stone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matté
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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48
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Ramot Y, Kronfeld N, Steiner M, Manassa NN, Bahar A, Nyska A. Neural tissue tolerance to synthetic dural mater graft implantation in a rabbit durotomy model. J Toxicol Pathol 2024; 37:83-91. [PMID: 38584968 PMCID: PMC10995433 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2023-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In neurosurgical interventions, effective closure of the dura mater is essential to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and minimize post-operative complications. Biodegradable synthetic materials have the potential to be used as dura mater grafts owing to their regenerative properties and low immunogenicity. This study evaluated the safety of ArtiFascia, a synthetic dura mater graft composed of poly(l-lactic-co-caprolactone acid) and poly(d-lactic-co-caprolactone acid), in a rabbit durotomy model. Previously, ArtiFascia demonstrated positive local tolerance and biodegradability in a 12-month preclinical trial. Here, specialized stains were used to evaluate potential brain damage associated with ArtiFascia use. Histochemical and immunohistochemical assessments included Luxol Fast Blue, cresyl Violet, Masson's Trichrome, neuronal nuclei,, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 stains. The stained slides were graded based on the brain-specific reactions. The results showed no damage to the underlying brain tissue for either the ArtiFascia or control implants. Neither inflammation nor neuronal loss was evident, corroborating the safety of the ArtiFascia. This approach, combined with previous histopathological analyses, strengthens the safety profile of ArtiFascia and sets a benchmark for biodegradable material assessment in dura graft applications. This study aligns with the Food and Drug Administration guidelines and offers a comprehensive evaluation of the potential neural tissue effects of synthetic dura mater grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, PO Box
12000, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
- The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO
Box 12272, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Noam Kronfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, PO Box
12000, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
- Envigo CRS (Israel), Einstein St., Building 13B, Weizmann
Science Park, Ness Ziona, 7414001, Israel
| | - Michal Steiner
- Pre-Clinical Consultant, Carmel St. 11/22, Rehovot, 7630511,
Israel
| | - Nora Nseir Manassa
- Nurami Medical Nanofiber Technology, Ha-Namal St 36, Haifa,
303203, Israel
| | - Amir Bahar
- Nurami Medical Nanofiber Technology, Ha-Namal St 36, Haifa,
303203, Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Tel Aviv and Tel Aviv
University, Yehuda HaMaccabi 31, Tel Aviv 6200515, Israel
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49
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Wang X, Zhai Y, Zheng H. Deciphering the cellular heterogeneity of the insect brain with single-cell RNA sequencing. Insect Sci 2024; 31:314-327. [PMID: 37702319 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects show highly complicated adaptive and sophisticated behaviors, including spatial orientation skills, learning ability, and social interaction. These behaviors are controlled by the insect brain, the central part of the nervous system. The tiny insect brain consists of millions of highly differentiated and interconnected cells forming a complex network. Decades of research has gone into an understanding of which parts of the insect brain possess particular behaviors, but exactly how they modulate these functional consequences needs to be clarified. Detailed description of the brain and behavior is required to decipher the complexity of cell types, as well as their connectivity and function. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged recently as a breakthrough technology to understand the transcriptome at cellular resolution. With scRNA-seq, it is possible to uncover the cellular heterogeneity of brain cells and elucidate their specific functions and state. In this review, we first review the basic structure of insect brains and the links to insect behaviors mainly focusing on learning and memory. Then the scRNA applications on insect brains are introduced by representative studies. Single-cell RNA-seq has allowed researchers to classify cell subpopulations within different insect brain regions, pinpoint single-cell developmental trajectories, and identify gene regulatory networks. These developments empower the advances in neuroscience and shed light on the intricate problems in understanding insect brain functions and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center on Biocontrol of Crops Diseases and In-sect Pests, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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50
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Schramm G, Filipovic M, Qian Y, Alivar A, Lui YW, Nuyts J, Boada F. Resolution enhancement, noise suppression, and joint T2* decay estimation in dual-echo sodium-23 MR imaging using anatomically guided reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1404-1418. [PMID: 38044789 PMCID: PMC10916150 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sodium MRI is challenging because of the low tissue concentration of the 23 Na nucleus and its extremely fast biexponential transverse relaxation rate. In this article, we present an iterative reconstruction framework using dual-echo 23 Na data and exploiting anatomical prior information (AGR) from high-resolution, low-noise, 1 H MR images. This framework enables the estimation and modeling of the spatially varying signal decay due to transverse relaxation during readout (AGRdm), which leads to images of better resolution and reduced noise resulting in improved quantification of the reconstructed 23 Na images. METHODS The proposed framework was evaluated using reconstructions of 30 noise realizations of realistic simulations of dual echo twisted projection imaging (TPI) 23 Na data. Moreover, three dual echo 23 Na TPI brain datasets of healthy controls acquired on a 3T Siemens Prisma system were reconstructed using conventional reconstruction, AGR and AGRdm. RESULTS Our simulations show that compared to conventional reconstructions, AGR and AGRdm show improved bias-noise characteristics in several regions of the brain. Moreover, AGR and AGRdm images show more anatomical detail and less noise in the reconstructions of the experimental data sets. Compared to AGR and the conventional reconstruction, AGRdm shows higher contrast in the sodium concentration ratio between gray and white matter and between gray matter and the brain stem. CONCLUSION AGR and AGRdm generate 23 Na images with high resolution, high levels of anatomical detail, and low levels of noise, potentially enabling high-quality 23 Na MR imaging at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schramm
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Yongxian Qian
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU), New York, New York, USA
| | - Alaleh Alivar
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU), New York, New York, USA
| | - Yvonne W. Lui
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU), New York, New York, USA
| | - Johan Nuyts
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fernando Boada
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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