1
|
Xing Y, Shi H, Guo Q, Wang C, Li C, Hao C. Chromogranin A as a diagnostic marker of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Urol 2024. [PMID: 38380475 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aims to assess the diagnostic value of chromogranin A (CgA) in the laboratory diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors classified as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). METHODS A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to obtain relevant studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of CgA in patients with PPGL. The search involved studies written in English between the time of library inception and May 1, 2023. We computed the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were determined. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi-square test and the I2 test. The subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the origins of heterogeneity. Stata 15.1 statistical software was used in all data analyses. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 13 studies involving 1470 patients. CgA had a pooled diagnostic sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.91), a specificity of 0.90 (95% CI 0.81-0.95), and a DOR of 57 (95% CI 23-142). CgA had an AUC of 0.93. The studies did not reveal any threshold effect (r = -0.165; p > 0.05). The subgroup analyses revealed that the control group category and the detection method caused the overall heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that CgA is a helpful PPGL biomarker. However, relying solely on CgA for diagnosis is not advisable. A comprehensive approach is essential for accurate diagnosis. Future large-scale research is needed to refine CgA's clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Xing
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoying Shi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chuan Hao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bralewska M, Pietrucha T, Sakowicz A. The Role of Catestatin in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2461. [PMID: 38473713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a unique pregnancy disorder affecting women across the world. It is characterized by the new onset of hypertension with coexisting end-organ damage. Although the disease has been known for centuries, its exact pathophysiology and, most importantly, its prevention remain elusive. The basis of its associated molecular changes has been attributed to the placenta and the hormones regulating its function. One such hormone is chromogranin A (CgA). In the placenta, CgA is cleaved to form a variety of biologically active peptides, including catestatin (CST), known inter alia for its vasodilatory effects. Recent studies indicate that the CST protein level is diminished both in patients with hypertension and those with PE. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to review the most recent and most relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to provide an overview of the proposed impact of CST on the molecular processes of PE and to consider the possibilities for future experiments in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Bralewska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietrucha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Sakowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia C, Shen S, Pang J, Chen L, Yan J, Liang Z, Ren X. Expression of neuroendocrine markers predicts increased survival in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205631. [PMID: 38125789 PMCID: PMC10731013 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The significance of neuroendocrine (NE) markers in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients has not been investigated. This study aims to clarify the incidence and prognostic significance of NE marker expression in TNBC, determine its association with other clinicopathological parameters, and further explore the pathological features and potential treatment options for TNBC patients expressing NE markers. Methods Clinicopathological data were collected from 396 TNBC patients undergoing radical breast cancer surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2002 to December 2014, with a final follow-up in July 2019. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed for NE markers including chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (Syn). For TNBC patients with positive NE marker expression, IHC staining was then performed for alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX), O(6)-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT), somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), and programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1). The chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the correlations between NE marker expression and other parameters. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method to assess the prognostic significance of NE markers in TNBC. Results NE marker-positive staining was observed in 7.6% (30/396) of all TNBC cases. Only 0.5% (2/396) cases had ≥ 90% neoplastic cells expressing NE markers. Positive NE marker expression was associated with negative basal-like marker expression. K-M survival analysis showed that the NE marker-positive TNBC patients had higher disease-free survival (DFS) rates than the NE marker-negative patients at the same stage. Among the 30 NE marker-positive TNBC cases, 13.3% and 26.7% showed negative IHC staining for ATRX and MGMT, respectively, while 13.3% had a 3+ score for SSTR2 IHC staining. For PD-L1 IHC staining, 13.3% of the 30 TNBC cases were higher than 10 scores in Combined Positive Score (CPS), and 10.0% were higher than 10% in Tumor Cell Proportion Score (TPS). Conclusion There was a small proportion of TNBC patients expressing NE markers. TNBC patients with positive NE marker expression had a better prognosis than the negative group at the same stage. TNBC cases with positive NE marker expression may potentially benefit from immunotherapy or somatostatin analogue treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xia
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Songjie Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Pang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Longyun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stingu E, Dobrowolski JM, Bombach P, Nann D, Singer S, Horger M, Lauer UM, Zender L, Hinterleitner C, Hinterleitner M. Myasthenia gravis as initial presentation of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:523. [PMID: 37854502 PMCID: PMC10580239 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, which is characterized by a postsynaptic neuromuscular transmission defect, with antibodies directly targeting the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or other structural proteins of the neuromuscular junction. The majority of MG cases are associated with thymic pathologies, including thymoma, thyroiditis, autoimmune diseases or malignant hematologic neoplasia. The present study reported a rare case of AChR-positive and late-onset ocular MG, which rapidly progressed to a generalized myasthenic syndrome as an initial presentation of a pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (pNEN). Following complete surgical resection of the pNEN, the myasthenic syndrome was improved and the anti-AChR antibody titers were reduced. It has been reported that MG is a paraneoplastic syndrome in thymic neoplasms and less common in hematologic malignancies. However, currently, only few cases of MG as initial presentation of a solid tumor, and more particular of a neuroendocrine neoplasm, have been reported in the literature. In conclusion, surveillance for extrathymic solid malignancies in newly diagnosed patients with MG could promote the early diagnosis of associated tumor diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stingu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy’, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jerome-Maurice Dobrowolski
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy’, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paula Bombach
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Nann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marius Horger
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Lauer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy’, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy’, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Hinterleitner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy’, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Martina Hinterleitner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy’, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crawford SA, Groegler J, Dang M, Michel C, Powell RL, Hohenstein AC, Reyes K, Haskins K, Wiles TA, Delong T. Hybrid insulin peptide isomers spontaneously form in pancreatic beta-cells from an aspartic anhydride intermediate. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105264. [PMID: 37734557 PMCID: PMC10590738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs) form in beta-cells when insulin fragments link to other peptides through a peptide bond. HIPs contain nongenomic amino acid sequences and have been identified as targets for autoreactive T cells in type 1 diabetes. A subgroup of HIPs, in which N-terminal amine groups of various peptides are linked to aspartic acid residues of insulin C-peptide, was detected through mass spectrometry in pancreatic islets. Here, we investigate a novel mechanism that leads to the formation of these HIPs in human and murine islets. Our research herein shows that these HIPs form spontaneously in beta-cells through a mechanism involving an aspartic anhydride intermediate. This mechanism leads to the formation of a regular HIP containing a standard peptide bond as well as a HIP-isomer containing an isopeptide bond by linkage to the carboxylic acid side chain of the aspartic acid residue. We used mass spectrometric analyses to confirm the presence of both HIP isomers in islets, thereby validating the occurrence of this novel reaction mechanism in beta-cells. The spontaneous formation of new peptide bonds within cells may lead to the development of neoepitopes that contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes as well as other autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Crawford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason Groegler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mylinh Dang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cole Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Roger L Powell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anita C Hohenstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kaitlin Reyes
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy A Wiles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas Delong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palmrich P, Schirwani-Hartl N, Haberl C, Haslinger P, Heinzl F, Zeisler H, Binder J. Catestatin-A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Women with Preeclampsia? An Analysis of Maternal Serum Catestatin Levels in Preeclamptic Pregnancies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5931. [PMID: 37762872 PMCID: PMC10531844 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catestatin has been identified as an important factor in blood pressure control in non-pregnant adults. A possible impact on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has been indicated. Data on catestatin levels in pregnancy are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential association of maternal serum catestatin levels to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. METHODS We evaluated serum catestatin levels of 50 preeclamptic singleton pregnancies and 50 healthy gestational-age-matched pregnancies included in the obstetric biobank registry of the Medical University of Vienna. Receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression models were performed to investigate an association between catestatin levels and development of preeclampsia. RESULTS Catestatin levels were significantly decreased in women with preeclampsia compared to healthy controls (median CST: 3.03 ng/mL, IQR [1.24-7.21 ng/mL] vs. 4.82 ng/mL, IQR [1.82-10.02 ng/mL]; p = 0.010), indicating an association between decreased catestatin values and the development of preeclampsia. There was no significant difference in catestatin values between early-onset preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia. Modelling the occurrence of preeclampsia via logistic regression was improved when adding catestatin as a predictive factor. CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum catestatin levels are associated with the presence of preeclampsia. Further investigations into the diagnostic value and possible therapeutic role of catestatin in preeclampsia are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Binder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (N.S.-H.); (C.H.); (P.H.); (F.H.); (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsoli M, Koumarianou A, Angelousi A, Kaltsas G. Established and novel circulating neuroendocrine tumor biomarkers for diagnostic, predictive and prognostic use. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101785. [PMID: 37336711 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represents a clinical challenge due to heterogeneity of their clinical behaviour, molecular biology and response to treatment. Over the years, several circulating biomarkers have been developed for the early diagnosis and follow-up of NETs. The specific secretory products of tumors associated with a secretory syndrome (functioning tumors) may be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers while the most common non-specific circulating biomarkers, that may be increased in both functioning and non-functioning tumors, are chromogranin A and the neuron specific enolase. However, the diagnostic accuracy as well as the prognostic and predictive value of these biomarkers are limited and novel techniques of multianalyte analysis of regulators of tumor biology have been developed. The NETest has been most extensively studied and proved to be useful in NET diagnosis, early detection of post-operative recurrence and prediction of response to treatment but further investigation establishing higher level of evidence is required for implementation in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tsoli
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Greece.
| | - Anna Koumarianou
- Haematology-Oncology Unit, Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Anna Angelousi
- Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Liao JT, Lin Y, Liu C, Wu ZH, Yu B, Sun S, Yu H, Hui XH, Wu XH, Zhao XM, Wang HJ, Zheng Q, Li Y, Hu ZH, Wang JL. Clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and prognosis of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A single-center retrospective study. J Dig Dis 2023; 24:472-479. [PMID: 37596865 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (ENEC) is a rare cancer that is highly malignant and related to a poor prognosis. In this retrospective study we aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management of patients with ENEC and to evaluate the potential prognostic factors. METHODS Altogether 82 patients diagnosed with ENEC between January 2009 and December 2020 at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were retrospectively enrolled. Patients' survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods. Univariate and multivariate analyses and a Cox regression model were used to identify the prognostic factors. RESULTS The median overall survival (mOS) was 13 months in all patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced tumor stage (hazard ratio [HR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-6.66, P = 0.0353), liver (HR 3.36, 95% CI 1.53-7.41, P = 0.0026) and lung metastasis (HR 3.37, 95% CI 1.20-9.51, P = 0.0214) were associated with a poor prognosis. While positive chromogranin A (CgA) expression was related to a favorable outcome (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.49, P < 0.001). Also, patients had adjustment of chemotherapy (dose reduction or less than three cycles) were prone to a worse prognosis compared with those did not (HR 4.36, 95% CI 2.10-9.08, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients with ENEC, advanced cancer stage, adjustment of chemotherapy, liver and lung metastasis were associated with a poor survival, while CgA expression was related to a favorable prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Tao Liao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Hua Wu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Hua Hui
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Hua Wu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Min Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Huang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Lei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
HAN Y, YU W, ZHANG Y, XU H, DENG G, FANG C. Qinghua decoction improves chronic nonbacterial prostatitis possibly regulating the chromogranin A/nerve growth factor/tyrosine kinase A signaling pathway mediated by inflammatory factors. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2023; 43:695-703. [PMID: 37454254 PMCID: PMC10320456 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220909.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism by which Qinghua decoction regulates neuroendocrine inflammation in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) model rats and provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, model, Qianlie Tongyu capsule, low-dose Qinghua decoction, medium-dose Qinghua decoction, and high-dose Qinghua decoction group with six rats in each group. Rats in each group were sacrificed on the 29th day of treatment, and blood and prostate tissues were collected. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins 1-beta, 6, 8, and 10 (TNF-α and IL-1β, -6, -8, and -10, respectively) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological changes in the rat prostate tissue in each group were observed under a light microscope. The expression levels of chromogranin A (CgA), nerve growth factor (NGF), and tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) were detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of CgA, NGF, and TrkA. RESULTS In the model group, the prostate capsule membrane and stroma were significantly dilated with more inflammatory cells infiltrating the stroma and perivessels. TNF-α, IL-1β, -6, and -8, CgA, NGF, and TrkA levels increased, whereas the content of IL-10 decreased, which was statistically significant compared to that in the normal control group ( < 0.05). Prostate tissue cells in the high-dose group were neatly arranged with no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. When compared with the model group, the high-dose Qinghua decoction group showed a significant improvement in these indices ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION Qinghua decoction led to inhibition of pathological changes in the prostate tissue of rats with CNP, regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression, and inhibition in the expression of CgA, NGF, and TrkA. This mechanism may be primarily related to regulation of the CgA/NGF/TrkA signaling pathway mediated by various inflammatory factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng HAN
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- 2 Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Lung Disease Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Wentao YU
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Ying ZHANG
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Huazhou XU
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Guoxing DENG
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Chaoyi FANG
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- 2 Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Lung Disease Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rosiek V, Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Kos-Kudła B. Selected Serum Biomarkers (Leptin, Chromogranin A, CA19-9, CEA) in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm and Associations with Metabolic Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082348. [PMID: 37190276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities are well-known risk factors for many cancers, even though no clearly established link with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has yet been investigated. This research aimed to assess the serum levels of leptin, chromogranin A (CgA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with PanNENs and to search for associations between PanNENs, these selected serum biomarkers, and metabolic abnormalities in the form of metabolic syndrome (MS). Second, we aimed to investigate whether MS increases the risk of PanNENs. The serum concentrations of biomarkers, metabolic parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides), and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI) were assessed in 106 patients with PanNENs and 40 healthy volunteers. Patients with PanNENs showed higher serum concentrations of CA19-9, CEA, and CgA in comparison to controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.042, and p = 0.025, respectively). Statistically significant differences in CEA levels were found in PanNENs patients with MS (p = 0.043). PanNENs patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and who were female exhibited significantly higher leptin levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). Additionally, this study reflects the importance of determining markers. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of metabolic disturbances on PanNENs and accounting for the relationship between PanNENs and MS, such as other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bralewska M, Pietrucha T, Sakowicz A. Reduction in CgA-Derived CST Protein Level in HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo Trophoblastic Cell Lines Caused by the Preeclamptic Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087124. [PMID: 37108287 PMCID: PMC10138478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most dangerous complications of pregnancy is preeclampsia (PE), a disease associated with a high risk of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Although its etiology remains unknown, the placenta is believed to be at the center of ongoing changes. One of the hormones produced by the placenta is chromogranin A (CgA). Thus far, its role in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders is enigmatic, yet it is known that both CgA and its derived peptide catestatin (CST) are involved in the majority of the processes that are disturbed in PE, such as blood pressure regulation or apoptosis. Therefore, in this study, the influence of the preeclamptic environment on the production of CgA using two cell lines, HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo, was investigated. Furthermore, the capacity of trophoblastic cells to secrete CST to the environment was tested, as well as the correlation between CST and apoptosis. This study provided the first evidence that CgA and CST proteins are produced by trophoblastic cell lines and that the PE environment has an impact on CST protein production. Furthermore, a strong negative correlation between CST protein level and apoptosis induction was found. Hence, both CgA and its derived peptide CST may play roles in the complex process of PE pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Bralewska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietrucha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Sakowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alexander ES, Ziv E. Neuroendocrine Tumors: Genomics and Molecular Biomarkers with a Focus on Metastatic Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082249. [PMID: 37190177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are considered rare tumors that originate from specialized endocrine cells. Patients often present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, which negatively impacts their quality of life and overall survival. An understanding of the genetic mutations that drive these tumors and the biomarkers used to detect new NET cases is important to identify patients at an earlier disease stage. Elevations in CgA, synaptophysin, and 5-HIAA are most commonly used to identify NETs and assess prognosis; however, new advances in whole genome sequencing and multigenomic blood assays have allowed for a greater understanding of the drivers of NETs and more sensitive and specific tests to diagnose tumors and assess disease response. Treating NET liver metastases is important in managing hormonal or carcinoid symptoms and is imperative to improve patient survival. Treatment for liver-dominant disease is varied; delineating biomarkers that may predict response will allow for better patient stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Alexander
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Etay Ziv
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bralewska M, Pietrucha T, Sakowicz A. Chromogranin A: An Endocrine Factor of Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36902417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a state of physiological and hormonal changes. One of the endocrine factors involved in these processes is chromogranin A, an acidic protein produced, among others, by the placenta. Although it has been previously linked to pregnancy, no existing articles have ever managed to clarify the role of this protein regarding this subject. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to gather knowledge of chromogranin A's function with reference to gestation and parturition, clarify elusive information, and, most importantly, to formulate hypotheses for the future studies to verify.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from parafollicular C-cells. It represents 2% of all thyroid malignancies and 0.4-1.4% of all thyroid nodules. MTC has a variable clinical course, with complete remission often difficult to achieve. An early diagnosis is still crucial in MTC management, enabling a radical surgical treatment, the only chance for curing the patient. Calcitonin (Ct) is a very sensitive MTC tumor marker in patients with thyroid nodules, although Ct-negative MTCs have been described, but not all clinical guidelines recommend the Ct routine measurement in thyroid nodules because of the absolute low prevalence of MTC in the general population and the consequent scarce positive predictive value of Ct. Moreover, the specificity of moderately high Ct levels is not high. Thus, the scientific community has been investigating the possible role of other tumor markers for MTC diagnosis and prognosis. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present review is an attempt to summarize the knowledge available today on the role of other serum markers for MTC alternative to Ct. CONCLUSIONS At present, literature data does not seem solid enough yet to establish effective flowcharts in evaluating a thyroid nodule for MTC, involving alternative serum markers, particularly in cases of moderately high CT levels. MTC is a rare diagnosis in thyroid nodules, and this makes the evaluation of any tumor serum marker accuracy problematic. More extensive and prospective studies are needed to shed more light on this intriguing challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Censi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Manso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Monieri M, Rainone P, Sacchi A, Gori A, Gasparri AM, Coliva A, Citro A, Ferrara B, Policardi M, Valtorta S, Pocaterra A, Alfano M, Sheppard D, Piemonti L, Moresco RM, Corti A, Curnis F. A stapled chromogranin A-derived peptide homes in on tumors that express αvβ6 or αvβ8 integrins. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:156-166. [PMID: 36594095 PMCID: PMC9760430 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The αvβ6- and αvβ8-integrins, two cell-adhesion receptors upregulated in many tumors and involved in the activation of the latency associated peptide (LAP)/TGFβ complex, represent potential targets for tumor imaging and therapy. We investigated the tumor-homing properties of a chromogranin A-derived peptide containing an RGDL motif followed by a chemically stapled alpha-helix (called "5a"), which selectively recognizes the LAP/TGFβ complex-binding site of αvβ6 and αvβ8. Methods: Peptide 5a was labeled with IRDye 800CW (a near-infrared fluorescent dye) or with 18F-NOTA (a label for positron emission tomography (PET)); the integrin-binding properties of free peptide and conjugates were then investigated using purified αvβ6/αvβ8 integrins and various αvβ6/αvβ8 single - or double-positive cancer cells; tumor-homing, biodistribution and imaging properties of the conjugates were investigated in subcutaneous and orthotopic αvβ6-positive carcinomas of the pancreas, and in mice bearing subcutaneous αvβ8-positive prostate tumors. Results: In vitro studies showed that 5a can bind both integrins with high affinity and inhibits cell-mediated TGFβ activation. The 5a-IRDye and 5a-NOTA conjugates could bind purified αvβ6/αvβ8 integrins with no loss of affinity compared to free peptide, and selectively recognized various αvβ6/αvβ8 single- or double-positive cancer cells, including cells from pancreatic carcinoma, melanoma, oral mucosa, bladder and prostate cancer. In vivo static and dynamic optical near-infrared and PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies, performed in mice with subcutaneous and orthotopic αvβ6-positive carcinomas of the pancreas, showed high target-specific uptake of fluorescence- and radio-labeled peptide by tumors and low non-specific uptake in other organs and tissues, except for excretory organs. Significant target-specific uptake of fluorescence-labeled peptide was also observed in mice bearing αvβ8-positive prostate tumors. Conclusions: The results indicate that 5a can home to αvβ6- and/or αvβ8-positive tumors, suggesting that this peptide can be exploited as a ligand for delivering imaging or anticancer agents to αvβ6/αvβ8 single- or double-positive tumors, or as a tumor-homing inhibitor of these TGFβ activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Monieri
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, C.N.R., Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Coliva
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Citro
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ferrara
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Policardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of C.N.R., Segrate, Italy
| | - Arianna Pocaterra
- Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of C.N.R., Segrate, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,✉ Corresponding authors: Angelo Corti (ORICD: 0000-0002-0893-6191) and Flavio Curnis (ORICD: 0000-0002-7231-9569), Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy (Tel. +390226434802; E-mail: and )
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,✉ Corresponding authors: Angelo Corti (ORICD: 0000-0002-0893-6191) and Flavio Curnis (ORICD: 0000-0002-7231-9569), Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy (Tel. +390226434802; E-mail: and )
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee YH, Suk C, Shin SI, Hong JY. Salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and chromogranin A levels in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis and a novel biomarker for psychological stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1147739. [PMID: 37113482 PMCID: PMC10126469 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1147739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the neuroendocrine responses based on cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol/DHEA ratio, and chromogranin A levels, which reflect the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, according to the presence or absence of psychological stress in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis compared to that in healthy controls. Methods In total, 117 patients (60 women, mean age: 36.29 ± 19.03 years) participated in this case-control study, comprising 32 healthy controls, 49 patients with gingivitis, and 36 patients with periodontitis. We investigated the presence of psychological stress and salivary characteristics, and analyzed the stress-related biomarkers of cortisol, DHEA, cortisol/DHEA ratio, and chromogranin A in the stimulated saliva. Results Salivary cortisol and chromogranin A levels increased with the severity of periodontal disease; their levels were the highest in the periodontitis group and were significantly higher in the following descending order: periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy control groups (all values of p < 0.001). Additionally, the DHEA levels and cortisol/DHEA ratio were higher in the periodontitis group than those in the healthy control group (all values of p < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors predicting above-average cortisol levels were periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 256.829; p < 0.001), women (OR = 6.365; p = 0.004), and psychological stress (OR = 6.036; p = 0.007); those predicting above-average cortisol/DHEA ratios were periodontitis (OR = 11.436; p < 0.001), psychological stress (OR = 3.977; p = 0.003), and women (OR = 2.890; p = 0.026). Thus, periodontitis and psychological stress were significant and strong predictors of above-average cortisol levels and cortisol/DHEA ratios. In the gingivitis group, salivary cortisol levels (r = 0.381, p = 0.007) and cortisol/DHEA ratios (r = 0.479, p < 0.001) were correlated with the presence of psychological stress. In the periodontitis group, increased cortisol/DHEA ratios (r = 0.412, p = 0.013) and lowered salivary buffer capacities (r = -0.334, p = 0.047) were correlated with the presence of psychological stress. Conclusion Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease resulting in inflammatory tissue destruction, which differs from gingivitis and a healthy state. Differences in stress-related neuroendocrine markers were revealed based on the severity of periodontal disease. The biomarkers that could be classified according to disease severity were salivary cortisol and chromogranin A levels. Above-average cortisol levels and cortisol/DHEA ratios are significant predictors of psychological stress in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yeon-Hee Lee,
| | - Chon Suk
- Department of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Il Shin
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Koffas A, Giakoustidis A, Papaefthymiou A, Bangeas P, Giakoustidis D, Papadopoulos VN, Toumpanakis C. Diagnostic work-up and advancement in the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Front Surg 2023; 10:1064145. [PMID: 36950054 PMCID: PMC10025557 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1064145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms ranging from well-differentiated, slowly growing tumors to poorly differentiated carcinomas. These tumors are generally characterized by indolent course and quite often absence of specific symptoms, thus eluding diagnosis until at an advanced stage. This underscores the importance of establishing a prompt and accurate diagnosis. The gold-standard remains histopathology. This should contain neuroendocrine-specific markers, such as chromogranin A; and also, an estimate of the proliferation by Ki-67 (or MIB-1), which is pivotal for treatment selection and prognostication. Initial work-up involves assessment of serum Chromogranin A and in selected patients gut peptide hormones. More recently, the measurement of multiple NEN-related transcripts, or the detection of circulating tumor cells enhanced our current diagnostic armamentarium and appears to supersede historical serum markers, such as Chromogranin A. Standard imaging procedures include cross-sectional imaging, either computed tomography or magnetic resonance, and are combined with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. In particular, the advent of 111In-DTPA-octreotide and more recently PET/CT and 68Ga-DOTA-Octreotate scans revolutionized the diagnostic landscape of NENs. Likewise, FDG PET represents an invaluable asset in the management of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. Lastly, endoscopy, either conventional, or more advanced modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound, capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy, are essential for the diagnosis and staging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and are routinely integrated in clinical practice. The complexity and variability of NENs necessitate the deep understanding of the current diagnostic strategies, which in turn assists in offering optimal patient-tailored treatment. The current review article presents the diagnostic work-up of GEP-NENs and all the recent advances in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Koffas
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Apostolos Koffas
| | - Alexandros Giakoustidis
- 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital Papageorgiou, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Pancreaticobiliary Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), London, United Kingdom
| | - Petros Bangeas
- 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital Papageorgiou, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giakoustidis
- 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital Papageorgiou, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios N Papadopoulos
- 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital Papageorgiou, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Toumpanakis
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Corti A, Anderluzzi G, Curnis F. Neuropilin-1 and Integrins as Receptors for Chromogranin A-Derived Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122555. [PMID: 36559048 PMCID: PMC9785887 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chromogranin A (CgA), a 439 residue-long member of the "granin" secretory protein family, is the precursor of several peptides and polypeptides involved in the regulation of the innate immunity, cardiovascular system, metabolism, angiogenesis, tissue repair, and tumor growth. Despite the many biological activities observed in experimental and preclinical models for CgA and its most investigated fragments (vasostatin-I and catestatin), limited information is available on the receptor mechanisms underlying these effects. The interaction of vasostatin-1 with membrane phospholipids and the binding of catestatin to nicotinic and b2-adrenergic receptors have been proposed as important mechanisms for some of their effects on the cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal systems. Recent studies have shown that neuropilin-1 and certain integrins may also work as high-affinity receptors for CgA, vasostatin-1 and other fragments. In this case, we review the results of these studies and discuss the structural requirements for the interactions of CgA-related peptides with neuropilin-1 and integrins, their biological effects, their mechanisms, and the potential exploitation of compounds that target these ligand-receptor systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The results obtained so far suggest that integrins (particularly the integrin avb6) and neuropilin-1 are important receptors that mediate relevant pathophysiological functions of CgA and CgA fragments in angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor growth, and that these interactions may represent important targets for cancer imaging and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Corti
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (F.C.); Tel.: +39-02-26434802 (A.C.)
| | - Giulia Anderluzzi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (F.C.); Tel.: +39-02-26434802 (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Teh S, Inn FX, Rizuana IH, WM WM. A rare case of prostate neuroendocrine tumor: A case report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1009146. [PMID: 36263212 PMCID: PMC9574441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCPC) is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor. We present a case of a 52-year-old Iranian man, presenting with complaints of occasional gross hematuria and perineal pain for 6 months. PSA was 0.8 ng/ml. A digital rectal examination found a huge and hard prostate mass. He underwent a transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate. Histopathology showed high-grade small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Immunohistochemical markers were positive for synaptophysin with a Ki67 index of almost 100%. However, CD56 and chromogranin A markers were negative. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate showed a prostate mass with invasion to the rectum, while contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis (CT TAP) ruled out metastasis. A multidisciplinary team discussion was carried out, and a decision was made for concurrent chemotherapy and radiation (cisplatin and etoposide for 4 cycles and 70 Gy, 35 fractions). There is a lack of consensus on the management of SCPC. The main modality of management in advanced (stage IV) disease is chemotherapy. It is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and is not responsive to hormonal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunxing Teh
- Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fam Xeng Inn
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Iqbal Hussain Rizuana
- Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Muhaizan WM
- Department of Pathology, Sunway Medical Center, Sunway, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lombardo R, Rovesti L, Cicione A, Gravina C, Franco A, Stira J, Simone G, D'Annunzio S, Nacchia A, Papalia R, Mastroianni R, Collura D, Brassetti A, Vecchione A, Muto G, Gallucci M, Tubaro A, De Nunzio C. Serum levels of chromogranin are not predictive of poorly differentiated prostate cancer: Results from a multicenter radical prostatectomy cohort. Prostate 2022; 82:1400-1405. [PMID: 35923120 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently a possible link between elevated Chromogranin A (CgA) levels and poorly differentiated prostate cancer has been proposed. The aim of our study was to explore the association of CgA levels and the risk of poorly differentiated prostate cancer (PCa) in men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2012 onwards, 335 consecutive men undergoing RRP for PCa at three centers in Italy were enrolled into a prospective database. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated before RRP. Blood samples were collected and tested for total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and chromogranin A (CgA). We evaluated the association between serum levels of CgA and upstaging and upgrading using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Median age and preoperative PSA levels were 65 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 60-69) and 7.2 ng/ml (IQR: 5.3-10.4), respectively. Median BMI was 26.1 kg/m2 (IQR: 24-29) with 56 (16%) obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ). Median CgA levels were 51 (39/71). Overall, 129/335 (38,5%) presented an upstaging, and 99/335 (30%) presented an upgrading. CgA was not a predictor of upstaging or upgrading on RP. CONCLUSIONS In our multicenter cohort of patients, CgA is not a predictor of poorly differentiated PCa on radical prostatectomy. According to our experience, CgA should not be considered a reliable marker to predict poorly differentiated or advanced prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Lombardo
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rovesti
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cicione
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Gravina
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Franco
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Jordi Stira
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simone
- Department of Urology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone D'Annunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nacchia
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Department of Urology, "Campus Bio-Medico" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Devis Collura
- Department of Urology, "San Giovanni Bosco" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Aldo Brassetti
- Department of Urology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Muto
- Department of Urology, "Campus Bio-Medico" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Gallucci
- Department of Urology, "Campus Bio-Medico" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumric M, Vrdoljak J, Dujic G, Supe-Domic D, Ticinovic Kurir T, Dujic Z, Bozic J. Serum Catestatin Levels Correlate with Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Indices of Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Primary Hypertension. Biomolecules 2022; 12. [PMID: 36139043 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggests that catestatin, an eclectic neuroendocrine peptide, is involved in the pathophysiology of primary hypertension (PH). Nevertheless, clinical studies concerning its role in PH are still scarce. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore an association between serum catestatin levels, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in patients with PH and healthy controls. In this single-center study, 72 patients aged 40−70 diagnosed with PH, and 72 healthy controls were included. In patients with PH, serum catestatin concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to the healthy controls (29.70 (19.33−49.48) ng/mL vs. 5.83 (4.21−8.29) ng/mL, p < 0.001). Untreated patients had significantly higher serum catestatin than patients treated with antihypertensive drugs (41.61 (22.85−63.83) ng/mL vs. 24.77 (16.41−40.21) ng/mL, p = 0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum catestatin levels retained a significant association with mean arterial pressure (β ± standard error, 0.8123 ± 0.3037, p < 0.009) after model adjustments for age, sex and body mass index. Finally, catestatin levels positively correlated with pulse wave velocity (r = 0.496, p < 0.001) and central augmentation index (r = 0.441, p < 0.001), but not with peripheral resistance. In summary, increased serum catestatin concentration in PH, predominantly in the untreated subgroup, and its association with ambulatory BP and arterial stiffness address the role of this peptide in PH.
Collapse
|
22
|
Scopel M, De Carlo E, Bergamo F, Murgioni S, Carandina R, Cervino AR, Burei M, Vianello F, Zagonel V, Fassan M, Vettor R. Bone metastases from neuroendocrine tumors: clinical and biological considerations. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0568. [PMID: 35671272 PMCID: PMC9254287 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We considered 351 patients affected by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), followed at the University Hospital of Padua and at the Veneto Oncological Institute. Of these, 72 (20.5%) suffered from bone metastases. The sample was divided according to the timing of presentation of bone metastases into synchronous (within 6 months of diagnosis of primary tumor) and metachronous (after 6 months). We collected data on the type and grading of the primary tumor and on the features of bone metastases. Our analysis shows that the group of synchronous metastases generally presents primary tumors with a higher degree of malignancy rather than the ones of the metachronous group. This is supported by the finding of a Ki-67 level in GEP-NETs, at the diagnosis of bone metastases, significantly higher in the synchronous group. Moreover, in low-grade NETs, chromogranin A values are higher in the patients with synchronous metastases, indicating a more burden of disease. The parameters of phospho-calcium metabolism are within the normal range, and we do not find significant differences between the groups. Serious bone complications are not frequent and are not correlated with the site of origin of the primary tumor. From the analysis of the survival curves of the total sample, a cumulative survival rate of 33% at 10 years emerges. The average survival is 80 months, higher than what is reported in the literature, while the median is 84 months. In our observation period, synchronous patients tend to have a worse prognosis than metachronous ones with 52-months survival rates of 58 and 86%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Scopel
- Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Scopel:
| | - Eugenio De Carlo
- Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabina Murgioni
- Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Rita Cervino
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Burei
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Vianello
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gomi H, Nagumo T, Asano K, Konosu M, Yasui T, Torii S, Hosaka M. Differential Expression of Secretogranins II and III in Canine Adrenal Chromaffin Cells and Pheochromocytomas. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:335-356. [PMID: 35400231 PMCID: PMC9058372 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221091000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretogranin II (SgII) and III (SgIII) function within peptide hormone-producing cells and are involved in secretory granule formation. However, their function in active amine-producing cells is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of SgII and SgIII in canine adrenal medulla and pheochromocytomas by immunohistochemical staining. In normal adrenal tissues, the intensity of coexpression of these two secretogranins (Sgs) differed from each chromaffin cell, although a complete match was not observed. The coexpression of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) with SgIII was similar to that with chromogranin A, but there was a subpopulation of VMAT2-expressing cells that were negative or hardly detectable for SgII. These results are the first to indicate that there are distinct expression patterns for SgII and SgIII in adrenal chromaffin cells. Furthermore, the expression of these two Sgs varied in intensity among pheochromocytomas and did not necessarily correlate with clinical plasma catecholamine levels in patients. However, compared with SgIII, the expression of SgII was shown to be strong at the single-cell level in some tumor tissues. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of the expression differences between SgII and SgIII in normal adrenal chromaffin cells and pheochromocytomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Gomi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Takahiro Nagumo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Bioresource Sciences.,Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan; Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Makoto Konosu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Tadashi Yasui
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Seiji Torii
- Center for Food Science and Wellness, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Glinicki P, Ostrowska M, Papierska L, Zgliczyński W. ProSAAS peptide of the granin protein family in biochemical diagnostics of pheochromocytoma. Endokrynol Pol 2022; 73:330-335. [PMID: 35381093 DOI: 10.5603/ep.a2022.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pheochromocytoma is a hormonally active tumour originating from neuroendocrine cells of the adrenal medulla. Chromogranin A (CgA) and peptide proSAAS belong to the family of granins and are present in neuroendocrine cells of adrenal medulla, from where they are released to circulation, along with catecholamines. The aim of this study was to assess the usability of proSAAS peptide assay in patients with adrenal pheochromocytoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS 23 patients (13 females and 10 males) with adrenal pheochromocytoma (benign in 18 patients and malignant in 5) confirmed by histopathology examination, and 35 blood donors as a control group. Plasma free metanephrines, CgA, and proSAAS peptide levels were measured in all participants. RESULTS CgA and proSAAS levels in the group of pheochromocytoma patients vs. the control were: 209 ng/mL and 0.8 ng/mL vs. 59 ng/mL and 0.3 ng/mL (p < 0.001), respectively. The following sensitivity and specificity indexes were obtained from ROC curves for CgA: 83% and 92%, respectively, and for the proSAAS peptide: 39% and 88%, respectively. The combination of 2 parameters: normetanephrine and proSAAS (96% and 100%) had a high diagnostic value, and the value of all determined parameters together (metanephrine, normetanephrine, CgA, and proSAAS) was 100%. CONCLUSION A single determination of the proSAAS peptide level is associated with a rather low diagnostic value. But collective determination of CgA and proSAAS may be an additional, valuable tool in biochemical diagnostics of pheochromocytoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Glinicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Ostrowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Papierska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zgliczyński
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu L, Xie W, Song Z, Wang T, Li X, Gao Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Guo X. Addition of 3-methoxytyramine or chromogranin A to plasma free metanephrines as the initial test for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: Which is the best diagnostic strategy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:132-138. [PMID: 34486152 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measurements of plasma free metanephrines (MNs), including MN and normetanephrine, provide high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). 3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT) and chromogranin A (CgA) may allow the detection of dopamine-producing or biochemically silent PPGL. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether measurements of plasma 3-MT or CgA as a supplement of plasma MNs offer a better diagnostic strategy for initial testing of PPGL. PATIENTS AND DESIGN We enroled 125 patients who underwent surgery from 2015 to 2016 for our study and identified 33 patients with PPGL and 92 patients with non-PPGL masses. MEASUREMENT The levels of plasma free MNs and 3-MT were measured for all 125 patients using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma CgA concentrations were determined using a radioimmunoassay. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of plasma free MNs, 3-MT and CgA, sensitivity and specificity were determined, and receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. RESULTS We found that combining 3-MT and MNs increased the diagnostic sensitivity from 93.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.4%-98.9%) to 97.0% (95% CI: 82.5%-99.8%). In contrast, addition of plasma CgA test reduced the diagnostic specificity significantly from 91.3% (95% CI: 83.1%-95.9%) to 75.0% (95% CI: 64.7%-83.2%). CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrated that 3-MT represents a valuable supplementary test to plasma MNs, which can further enhance the sensitivity of the assay, while plasma CgA added no additional diagnostic value to MNs due to the lowered diagnostic specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenchun Xie
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Guang Dong Bio-healtech Advanced Co., Ltd., Foshan, PR China
| | - Zhijing Song
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Van Bockstal MR, Galant C. Reply to Kawasaki et al Regarding "Nuclear Insulinoma-Associated Protein 1 Expression as a Marker of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Neoplasms of the Breast". Int J Surg Pathol 2022; 30:472-475. [PMID: 35001694 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211070173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke R Van Bockstal
- 70492Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc Bruxelles, Avenue Hippocrate 10, Woluwé-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), 83415Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Galant
- 70492Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc Bruxelles, Avenue Hippocrate 10, Woluwé-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), 83415Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu X, Dang W, Liu H, Song Y, Li Y, Xu W. Associations between chronic work stress and plasma chromogranin A/catestatin among healthy workers. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12321. [PMID: 35297526 PMCID: PMC9176708 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plasma chromogranin A (CgA) may play a critical role on linking work stress to health outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between work stress and plasma CgA levels in healthy workers without chronic diseases. METHODS The study included 260 healthy workers from EHOP study. Work stressors were assessed by the Chinese version of the 23-item ERI-Q questionnaire. Plasma CgA and catestatin levels were measured by ELISA kits. The demographic characteristics were collected from medical records. RESULTS Among the final 260 subjects including 173 males (66.5%) and 87 females (33.5%), the average age was 37.6 ± 10.6 years old. Effort, overcommitment, and ERI were positively associated with plasma CgA level, respectively (r = 0.267, 0.319, and 0.304, all p < .001), while reward was negatively associated with CgA level (r = -0.237, p < .001). The workers with high effort, overcommitment, or ERI had significantly higher plasma CgA levels, while the workers with high rewards had significantly lower plasma CgA levels. The workers with both high overcommitment and high ERI had highest plasma CgA levels. In the linear regression analysis, after adjustment for confounders, effort, overcommitment, and ERI were respectively positively related to plasma CgA, while reward negatively related to plasma CgA. The associations between work stress and plasma catestatin was not significant. The ratio of CgA and catestatin was associated with work stress. CONCLUSIONS Work stress is associated with plasma CgA which may be play a crucial role on the pathway from chronic work stress to cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Dang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weixian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Muntjewerff EM, Christoffersson G, Mahata SK, van den Bogaart G. Putative regulation of macrophage-mediated inflammation by catestatin. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:41-50. [PMID: 34844850 PMCID: PMC10843896 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Catestatin (CST) is a bioactive cleavage product of the neuroendocrine prohormone chromogranin A (CgA). Recent findings show that CST can exert anti-inflammatory and antiadrenergic effects by suppressing the inflammatory actions of mammalian macrophages. However, recent findings also suggest that macrophages themselves are major CST producers. Here, we hypothesize that macrophages produce CST in an inflammation-dependent manner and thereby might self-regulate inflammation in an autocrine fashion. CST is associated with pathological conditions hallmarked by chronic inflammation, including autoimmune, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Since intraperitoneal injection of CST in mouse models of diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease has been reported to be beneficial for mitigating disease, we posit that CST should be further investigated as a candidate target for treating certain inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke M Muntjewerff
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oltean M, Bagge J, Dindelegan G, Kenny D, Molinaro A, Hellström M, Nilsson O, Sihlbom C, Casselbrant A, Davila M, Olausson M. The Proteomic Signature of Intestinal Acute Rejection in the Mouse. Metabolites 2021; 12:23. [PMID: 35050145 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal acute rejection (AR) lacks a reliable non-invasive biomarker and AR surveillance is conducted through frequent endoscopic biopsies. Although citrulline and calprotectin have been suggested as AR biomarkers, these have limited clinical value. Using a mouse model of intestinal transplantation (ITx), we performed a proteome-wide analysis and investigated rejection-related proteome changes that may eventually be used as biomarkers. ITx was performed in allogenic (Balb/C to C57Bl) and syngeneic (C57Bl) combinations. Graft samples were obtained three and six days after transplantation (n = 4/time point) and quantitative proteomic analysis with iTRAQ-labeling and mass spectrometry of whole tissue homogenates was performed. Histology showed moderate AR in all allografts post-transplantation at day six. Nine hundred and thirty-eight proteins with at least three unique peptides were identified in the intestinal grafts. Eighty-six proteins varying by >20% between time points and/or groups had an alteration pattern unique to the rejecting allografts: thirty-seven proteins and enzymes (including S100-A8 and IDO-1) were significantly upregulated whereas forty-nine (among other chromogranin, ornithine aminotransferase, and arginase) were downregulated. Numerous proteins showed altered expression during intestinal AR, several of which were previously identified to be involved in acute rejection, although our results also identified previously unreported proteome changes. The metabolites and downstream metabolic pathways of some of these proteins and enzymes may become potential biomarkers for intestinal AR.
Collapse
|
30
|
Choi YJ, Roh J, Kim S, Lee KA, Park Y. Performance Evaluation of the KRYPTOR Compact PLUS Analyzer-Based B.R.A.H.M.S. CgA Ⅱ KRYPTOR Assay for Chromogranin A Measurement. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2400. [PMID: 34943638 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous immunoassays have been developed to measure the levels of chromogranin A (CgA), a useful biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring generally heterogeneous neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Here, we evaluated the imprecision and linearity of three such assays: KRYPTOR (ThermoFisher Scientific), NEOLISA (EuroDiagnostica), and CgA-RIA (CisBio), using 123 samples for each assay. The correlation coefficients between the assays were 0.932 (CgA-RIA versus NEOLISA), 0.956 (KRYPTOR versus CgA-RIA), and 0.873 (NEOLISA versus KRYPTOR). KRYPTOR showed good precision, with percent coefficients of variation less than 5% for low and high concentration quality controls. Linearity was maintained over a wide concentration range. Comparison of CgA levels from three disease entities (NETs, non-NET pancreatic tumors, and prostate cancer) and healthy controls showed that patients with NETs had significantly higher CgA levels (n = 57, mean: 1.82 ± 0.43 log ng/mL) than healthy individuals (n = 20, mean: 1.51 ± 0.23 log ng/mL; p = 0.018). No other significant differences between groups were observed. All three immunoassays showed strong correlations in measured CgA levels. Because KRYPTOR operation uses a fully automated random-access system and requires shorter incubation times and smaller sample volumes, the KRYPTOR assay may improve laboratory workflow while maintaining satisfactory analytical performance.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tsai HJ, Hsiao CF, Chang JS, Chen LT, Chao YJ, Yen CJ, Shan YS. The Prognostic and Predictive Role of Chromogranin A in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors - A Single-Center Experience. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741096. [PMID: 34868938 PMCID: PMC8632826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a non-specific biomarker excreted by neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cells. Elevation of circulating CgA level can be detected in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NET patients and has been shown to correlate with tumor burden. The prognostic and predictive roles of CgA level and the change of CgA level are controversial. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 102 grade 1/2 GEP-NET patients with available baseline or serial follow-up CgA levels from the National Cheng Kung University Hospital to evaluate the association between circulating CgA level and the tumor extent, overall survival (OS), and tumor response prediction. The baseline characteristics, baseline CgA level, and change of CgA level during follow-up and their association was analyzed. Sixty cases had baseline CgA levels available prior to any treatment and ninety-four cases had serial follow-up CgA levels available during treatment or surveillance. Baseline CgA levels were associated with stage and sex. Higher baseline CgA levels were associated with worse OS after adjusting for sex, stage, grade, primary site, and functionality (hazard ratio=13.52, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-172.47, P=0.045). The cross-sectional analysis for the change of CgA level during follow-up showed that a ≥ 40% increase of CgA meant a higher probability of developing tumor progression or recurrence than those with a < 40% increase of CgA level (odds ratio=5.04, 95% CI, 1.31-19.4, P=0.019) after adjusting for sex, age, grade, stage, and functionality. Our study results suggest that CgA may be a predictive marker for tumor burden, OS, and tumor progression in GEP-NET patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Chao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ju Yen
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bozic J, Kumric M, Ticinovic Kurir T, Urlic H, Martinovic D, Vilovic M, Tomasovic Mrcela N, Borovac JA. Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1757. [PMID: 34944578 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accounting for almost one-third of the global mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health issue. Emerging data suggest that most of the well-established mechanistic explanations regarding the cardiovascular pathophysiology are flawed, and cannot fully explain the progression and long-term effects of these diseases. On the other hand, dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has emerged as an important player in the pathophysiology of CVDs. Even though upregulated SNS activity is an essential compensatory response to various stress conditions, in the long term, it becomes a major contributor to both cardiac dysfunction and vascular damage. Despite the fact that the importance of SNS hyperactivity in the setting of CVDs has been well-appreciated, its exact quantification and clinical application in either diagnostics or therapy of CVDs is still out of reach. Nevertheless, in recent years a number of novel laboratory biomarkers implicated in the pathophysiology of SNS activation have been explored. Specifically, in this review, we aimed to discuss the role of catestatin, a potent physiological inhibitor of catecholamine spillover that offers cardioprotective effects. Limited data indicate that catestatin could also be a reliable indirect marker of SNS activity and it is likely that high CST levels reflect advanced CV disease burden. Consequently, large-scale studies are required to validate these observations in the upcoming future.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lang M, Hackert T, Anamaterou C. Long-term effect of everolimus in recurrent thymic neuroendocrine neoplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:744-751. [PMID: 34323309 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) of the thymus is a very rare entity with a poor prognosis. None of the treatments was proofed by studies. Usually, therapy protocols for bronchopulmonary carcinoids are used. So far no data exist on the effect of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. We describe our long-term experience with everolimus and give a thorough review of the therapeutic strategies used so far. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four patients (mean age 46 years, range 37-55) with progressing thymic NEN (t-NEN) (two well-differentiated atypical carcinoids and two atypical carcinoids with large cell characteristics) were treated with everolimus 10 mg/day after the failure of at least one previous medical therapy. Everolimus was applied after a mean interval of 32.4 months (range 5-56) after the first diagnosis. The follow-up included clinical examination, imaging and chromogranin A testing in 3 or 6 monthly intervals. RESULTS We observed stable disease for a mean of 20.8 months. Both patients with large cell characteristics t-NEN (Ki-67 of 20%) had rapid progress after 7 and 10 months and had more previous therapies (three and six) than the patients with well-differentiated t-NEN (Ki-67 5% and 10%, progress after 24 and 42 months, one and two previous therapies). No severe side effects occurred. In three of four patients, everolimus led to stable disease for the longest compared to the other nonsurgical therapies used. CONCLUSION Comparing the sparse data available everolimus is a promising treatment for t-NEN at least in second-line therapy. A low Ki-67 index was associated with a better outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Saito C, Ido-Matsumoto H, Kumazaki H, Kubo T, Kanazawa T, Takahashi T. Development of enzyme immunoassay for chromogranin A (CgA) and profiling of plasma CgA concentrations in the cow. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13542. [PMID: 33723871 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to establish and characterize a homologous immunoassay for bovine chromogranin A (bCgA) and to profile plasma bCgA concentrations during early pregnancies. We synthesized oligopeptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 341-355 of bCgA for immunizing rabbits and peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 336-365 of bCgA for both a biotinylated tracer and reference standards. Recombinant bCgA protein was also generated in Escherichia coli lysate. Dose-dependent displacement curves were obtained from 1 to 1,000 nM of the reference standards. The displacement curves showed a good relationship between the reference standards of the synthetic peptide and the serially diluted plasma sample or recombinant bCgA protein generated in the present study. The assay sensitivity defined as the value of two standard deviations below the zero standard was calculated as 0.46 nM. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 6.48% and 13.4%, respectively. Changes in the plasma bCgA concentrations in early pregnancies undulated in nonpregnant animals. The results of the present study suggest that assaying plasma bCgA concentrations could be utilized as measures to evaluate the physiological status of cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Saito
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Haruka Ido-Matsumoto
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kumazaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kubo
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kanazawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Popa O, Taban SM, Pantea S, Plopeanu AD, Barna RA, Cornianu M, Pascu AA, Dema ALC. The new WHO classification of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors and immunohistochemical expression of somatostatin receptor 2 and 5. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1179. [PMID: 34475969 PMCID: PMC8406677 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of gastrointestinal tumors defines well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors, the mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine tumors (MiNENs) and classifies goblet cell carcinoid as goblet cell adenocarcinoma. The expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) is the foundation for somatostatin analogue therapy. At present, there are only a few studies that have analyzed the immunohistochemical reactivity of SSTRs in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 in gastrointestinal NENs and goblet cell adenocarcinomas and the correlation of these markers with clinical and morphological factors. The study included 67 patients with NENs and 4 patients with adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2018. Tumors were reclassified according to the 2019 WHO classification. Immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, Ki-67, p53, SSTR2, and SSTR5 were performed in all the cases. The results showed that, G1 and G2 neuroendocrine tumors were more common SSTR2-positive in comparison with G3 carcinomas (P<0.0001). In addition, 33.3% of neuroendocrine carcinomas and 2 cases of low-grade adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid were SSTR2-positive. Neuroendocrine carcinomas had significantly lower SSTR2 and SSTR5 expression compared with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (P=0.0130; P=0.0437, respectively). The SSTR2 expression in the early tumor stages was 100%, more often than in advanced stages (55.6%; P=0.0011). The results demonstrated the decrease in SSTR2 expression with increasing malignancy and tumor stage. The SSTR2-positive expression in neuroendocrine carcinomas and adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid provides evidence for the benefits of somatostatin analog treatment associated with surgery and chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Popa
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Endocrinology Clinic, 'Pius Brînzeu' County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorina Maria Taban
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stelian Pantea
- Surgical Emergency Clinic, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Dorel Plopeanu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Anatomic Pathology Service, 'Pius Brînzeu' County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Robert Alexandru Barna
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine II-Discipline of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marioara Cornianu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca-Ariana Pascu
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Discipline of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alis Liliana Carmen Dema
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
González-Santana A, Estévez-Herrera J, Seward EP, Borges R, Machado JD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor controls exocytosis in chromaffin cells by increasing full-fusion events. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109609. [PMID: 34433018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonists for glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are currently used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Their benefits have been centered on pancreas and hypothalamus, but their roles in other organ systems are not well understood. We studied the action of GLP-1R on secretions of adrenal medulla. Exendin-4, a synthetic analog of GLP-1, increases the synthesis and the release of catecholamines (CAs) by increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, without apparent participation of cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Epac). Exendin-4, when incubated for 24 h, increases CA synthesis by promoting the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase. Short incubation (20 min) increases the quantum size of exocytotic events by switching exocytosis from partial to full fusion. Our results give a strong support to the role of GLP-1 in the fine control of exocytosis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kečkéš Š, Palaj J, Waczulíková I, Dyttert D, Mojtová E, Kováč G, Durdík Š. Pretreatment Levels of Chromogranin A and Neuron-specific Enolase in Patients With Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasia. In Vivo 2021; 35:2863-2868. [PMID: 34410979 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chromogranin A (CgA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are applied in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), especially non-functional ones. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive values of CgA and NSE in long-term survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our retrospective analysis included 65 patients with histologically verified gastroenteropancreatic NEN between 2005 and 2019. We performed bivariate and multivariable analyses to evaluate the relationship between CgA and NSE values before histological assessment and overall survival. Distribution of time-to-event was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and modelled by Cox regression models. RESULTS Elevated NSE levels prior to histology were significantly associated with worse survival (HR=1.13, p=0.004) and were associated with low-differentiated NENs (rs=0.321, p=0.0338). CgA was associated with well-differentiated tumors (rs=0.233), but not significantly. CONCLUSION Pretreatment serum levels of NSE can serve as a valuable additional predictor of long-term survival in patients with NEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Kečkéš
- Department of Hematology and Transfusiology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; .,St. Elizabeth University of Health and Social Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Július Palaj
- Department of Oncological Surgery, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, and Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava of the Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Waczulíková
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Dyttert
- Department of Oncological Surgery, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, and Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava of the Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Emília Mojtová
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Gustáv Kováč
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Štefan Durdík
- St. Elizabeth University of Health and Social Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Oncological Surgery, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, and Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava of the Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Murakami K, Kumata H, Miyagi S, Kamei T, Sasano H. The prognostic significance of neuroendocrine markers and somatostatin receptor 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Int 2021; 71:682-691. [PMID: 34320691 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic and colon carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation are reported to behave more aggressively than those without such differentiation. In hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), however, only a few studies have reported the expression status of neuroendocrine markers and somatostatin receptor 2, the main target of a somatostatin analog. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of the markers in HCCs has not been fully explored. We evaluated the expression of the neuroendocrine makers (chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56) and somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) in 95 HCCs, and investigated the correlation between the expression of these markers and clinicopathological findings. Chromogranin A was immunolocalized in 2 cases, synaptophysin in 15 cases, CD56 in 11 cases, and SSTR2 in 19 cases. Immunoreactivity of synaptophysin and CD56 were the significant unfavorable prognostic factors in terms of 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) and the overall survival (OS) along with a high nuclear mitosis level (>10/10 high-power field), a larger tumor size (>5 cm), the presence of vascular and/or biliary invasion, and high TNM stage (III/IV). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis identified synaptophysin as an independent prognostic factor for 2-year DFS and OS. Synaptophysin expression can be used to predict an unfavorable prognosis in patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Murakami
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumata
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigehito Miyagi
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yogi W, Tsukada M, Sato Y, Izuno T, Inoue T, Tsunokawa Y, Okumo T, Hisamitsu T, Sunagawa M. Influences of Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation on Stress Responses during Short-Duration Sleep Cycles: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9070909. [PMID: 34356287 PMCID: PMC8303840 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lavender essential oil (LEO) was reported to improve sleep quality. We investigated the influence of aromatherapy by testing the effects of LEO on stress responses during a short-duration sleep in a single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. The subjects were twelve healthy adults who were nonsmokers without any known disease and who were not prescribed medications, and nine of these completed the study. After the subjects had fallen asleep, they were sprayed with LEO using an aroma diffuser. Before and after 90 min of sleep, α-amylase, chromogranin A (CgA), and cortisol levels in saliva were measured as objective stress indicators, and the Japanese version of the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist was used as a subjective indicator. A comparison of changes before and after sleep, with and without LEO, revealed that the cortisol level did not significantly change; however, α-amylase (p < 0.05) and CgA (p < 0.01) levels significantly decreased after LEO inhalation. A mood test indicated no change in mood before and after sleep, with or without LEO. Since α-amylase and CgA reflect the sympathetic nervous system response, these results indicate that LEO aromatherapy during a short-duration sleep cycle suppresses the stress response, especially that of the sympathetic nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Yogi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Department, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Mana Tsukada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3784-8110
| | - Yosuke Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan;
| | - Takuji Izuno
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Tatsuki Inoue
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsunokawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okumo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Rare cases of carcinoid syndromes can develop from either gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) without liver metastasis or large retroperitoneal involvement. We report a case of a patient with isolated flushing highly suggestive of carcinoid syndrome caused by an ileal NET with adjacent lymph node metastases but with no liver metastases. The final diagnose was delayed for this patient due to a combination of misleading clinical presentation and negative usual screening tests (urinary 5-HIAA and serum chromogranine A). Given its high sensitivity and specificity, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT confirmed the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. Therefore, this case reminds clinicians that carcinoid syndrome may manifest as flushing only and highlights that imaging is a major aspect of the evaluation and diagnosis of patients with suspected gastrointestinal NETs.
Collapse
|
41
|
Tsoli M, Daskalakis K, Kassi E, Kaltsas G, Tsolakis AV. A Critical Appraisal of Contemporary and Novel Biomarkers in Pheochromocytomas and Adrenocortical Tumors. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:580. [PMID: 34201922 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGLs) and adrenocortical tumors are neoplasms that originate from different regions of the adrenal gland and display significant heterogeneity with respect to their biological and clinical behavior. They may be sporadic or develop in the context of hereditary syndromes. Adrenocortical tumors are mostly benign but less than 2% are carcinomas associated with a poor outcome when diagnosed in advanced disease. The majority of PPGLS are benign, but a subset may develop metastatic disease. In particular, for PPGLs, it is mandatory to identify biomarkers of high sensitivity and specificity that lead to accurate diagnosis and predict patients with a malignant potential that would benefit from aggressive surveillance and administration of early treatment. Current biomarkers include mostly histopathological and genetic parameters but none of them can be considered independent predictive factors. Recent genomic studies have implemented new molecular biomarkers of high accuracy for the diagnosis and management of PPGLs and adrenocortical tumors. In this review, we summarize the current and novel biomarkers that may be considered valuable tools for diagnosis and prediction of malignancy in patients with PPGLs and adrenocortical tumors. Abstract Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas (PPGLs) and adrenocortical tumors are rare neoplasms with significant heterogeneity in their biologic and clinical behavior. Current diagnostic and predictive biomarkers include hormone secretion, as well as histopathological and genetic features. PPGL diagnosis is based on biochemical measurement of catecholamines/metanephrines, while histopathological scoring systems have been proposed to predict the risk of malignancy. Adrenocortical tumors are mostly benign, but some can be malignant. Currently, the stage of disease at diagnosis and tumor grade, appear to be the most powerful prognostic factors. However, recent genomic and proteomic studies have identified new genetic and circulating biomarkers, including genes, immunohistochemical markers and micro-RNAs that display high specificity and sensitivity as diagnostic or prognostic tools. In addition, new molecular classifications have been proposed that divide adrenal tumors in distinct subgroups with different clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
42
|
Halabi I, Barohom MN, Peleg S, Trougouboff P, Elias-Assad G, Agbaria R, Tenenbaum-Rakover Y. Case Report: Severe Hypocalcemic Episodes Due to Autoimmune Enteropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:645279. [PMID: 34194389 PMCID: PMC8237854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.645279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare monogenic disorder, associated with endocrine deficiencies and non-endocrine involvement. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations appear in approximately 25% of patients and are the presenting symptom in about 10% of them. Limited awareness among pediatricians of autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) caused by destruction of the gut endocrine cells in APECED patients delays diagnosis and appropriate therapy. We describe an 18-year-old female presenting at the age of 6.10 years with hypoparathyroidism, oral candidiasis and vitiligo. The clinical diagnosis of APECED was confirmed by sequencing the autoimmune regulator-encoding (AIRE) gene. Several characteristics of the disease-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's disease, diabetes mellitus type 1 and primary ovarian insufficiency-developed over the years. She had recurrent episodes of severe intractable hypocalcemia. Extensive GI investigations for possible malabsorption, including laboratory analyses, imaging and endoscopy with biopsies were unremarkable. Revision of the biopsies and chromogranin A (CgA) immunostaining demonstrated complete loss of enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum and small intestine, confirming the diagnosis of AIE. Management of hypocalcemia was challenging. Only intravenous calcitriol maintained calcium in the normal range. Between hypocalcemic episodes, the proband maintained normal calcium levels, suggesting a fluctuating disease course. Repeated intestinal biopsy revealed positive intestinal CgA immunostaining. The attribution of severe hypocalcemic episodes to AIE emphasizes the need for increased awareness of this unique presentation of APECED. The fluctuating disease course and repeated intestinal biopsy showing positive CgA immunostaining support a reversible effect of GI involvement. CgA immunostaining is indicated in patients with APECED for whom all other investigations have failed to reveal an explanation for the malabsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Halabi
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Pediatric Health Center, Clalit Health Services, Naharia, Israel
| | - Marie Noufi Barohom
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Pediatric Health Center, Clalit Health Services, Naharia, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Sarit Peleg
- Pediatric Health Center, Clalit Health Services, Hadera, Israel
| | - Phillippe Trougouboff
- Tissue Diagnosis and Cancer Research Department, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ghadir Elias-Assad
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rhania Agbaria
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Noor M, Huber AR, Cates JMM, Gonzalez RS. Risk factors for progression of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours: low-stage tumours <5 mm appear to be overwhelmingly indolent and may merit a separate designation. Histopathology 2021; 79:416-426. [PMID: 33754384 DOI: 10.1111/his.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Appendiceal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are usually incidental and clinically benign. Several studies have reported different risk factors for nodal metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate our appendiceal NETs (App-NETs) to determine the factors associated with malignant behaviour. METHODS AND RESULTS For 120 App-NETs, we reviewed the clinical presentation and follow-up, including serum chromogranin A (CgA) levels, and compiled several microscopic variables. Pathological factors were compared with nodal status and time to biochemical recurrence (elevated serum CgA level) by the use of Cox regression. We also reviewed similar App-NET data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Programme. Among our 120 cases, seven patients had positive lymph nodes, and nine developed subsequent elevation of CgA levels; none developed distant metastases or died of disease. Only three patients had grade 2 NETs; none had nodal disease, and one developed an elevated CgA level. Increasing tumour size was associated with an increased risk of nodal disease [odds ratio (OR) 4.99, P = 0.0055). All seven node-positive cases were ≥13 mm. Factors associated with elevated CgA levels included age (OR 1.04, P = 0.041), pT4 disease (OR 10.22, P = 0.033), and nodal disease (OR 24.0, P = 0.012), but not size (OR 2.13, P = 0.072). Of the 1492 reported App-NETs in the SEER database with data on tumour size, 137 (9%) were pN1; only five of these (4%) were coded as being <5 mm. CONCLUSIONS Small (<5 mm) App-NETs that do not invade the serosa or mesoappendix appear to be overwhelmingly benign and low-grade, requiring neither Ki67 staining nor synoptic reporting. Given their indolent behaviour, different nomenclature or staging may be more appropriate for these NETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mushal Noor
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aaron R Huber
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Justin M M Cates
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raul S Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rao VKS, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Multiple roles for peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase in the response to hypoxia. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7745-7758. [PMID: 34061983 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of many of the peptides involved in homeostatic control requires peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), an ancient, highly conserved copper- and ascorbate-dependent enzyme. Using the production of amidated chromogranin A to monitor PAM function in tumor cells, physiologically relevant levels of hypoxia were shown to inhibit this monooxygenase. The ability of primary pituitary cells exposed to hypoxic conditions for 4 h to produce amidated chromogranin A was similarly inhibited. The affinity of the purified monooxygenase for oxygen (Km = 99 ± 19 μM) was consistent with this result. The ability of PAM to alter secretory pathway behavior under normoxic conditions required its monooxygenase activity. Under normoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor 1a levels in dense cultures of corticotrope tumor cells expressing high levels of PAM exceeded those in control cells; expression of inactive monooxygenase did not have this effect. The effects of hypoxia on levels of two PAM-regulated genes (activating transcription factor 3 [Atf3] and FK506 binding protein 2 [Fkbp2]) differed in cells expressing high versus low levels of PAM. Putative hypoxia response elements occur in both human and mouse PAM, and hPAM has consistently been identified as one of the genes upregulated in response to hypoxia. Expression of PAM is also known to alter gene expression. A quarter of the genes consistently upregulated in response to hypoxia were downregulated following increased expression of PAM. Taken together, our data suggest roles for PAM and amidated peptide secretion in the coordination of tissue-specific responses to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanatha K S Rao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Muntjewerff EM, Tang K, Lutter L, Christoffersson G, Nicolasen MJT, Gao H, Katkar GD, Das S, ter Beest M, Ying W, Ghosh P, El Aidy S, Oldenburg B, van den Bogaart G, Mahata SK. Chromogranin A regulates gut permeability via the antagonistic actions of its proteolytic peptides. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13655. [PMID: 33783968 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM A "leaky" gut barrier has been implicated in the initiation and progression of a multitude of diseases, for example, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome and celiac disease. Here we show how pro-hormone Chromogranin A (CgA), produced by the enteroendocrine cells, and Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372 ), the most abundant CgA-derived proteolytic peptide, affect the gut barrier. METHODS Colon tissues from region-specific CST-knockout (CST-KO) mice, CgA-knockout (CgA-KO) and WT mice were analysed by immunohistochemistry, western blot, ultrastructural and flowcytometry studies. FITC-dextran assays were used to measure intestinal barrier function. Mice were supplemented with CST or CgA fragment pancreastatin (PST: CgA250-301 ). The microbial composition of cecum was determined. CgA and CST levels were measured in blood of IBD patients. RESULTS Plasma levels of CST were elevated in IBD patients. CST-KO mice displayed (a) elongated tight, adherens junctions and desmosomes similar to IBD patients, (b) elevated expression of Claudin 2, and (c) gut inflammation. Plasma FITC-dextran measurements showed increased intestinal paracellular permeability in the CST-KO mice. This correlated with a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, a dysbiotic pattern commonly encountered in various diseases. Supplementation of CST-KO mice with recombinant CST restored paracellular permeability and reversed inflammation, whereas CgA-KO mice supplementation with CST and/or PST in CgA-KO mice showed that intestinal paracellular permeability is regulated by the antagonistic roles of these two peptides: CST reduces and PST increases permeability. CONCLUSION The pro-hormone CgA regulates the intestinal paracellular permeability. CST is both necessary and sufficient to reduce permeability and primarily acts by antagonizing PST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke M. Muntjewerff
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Kechun Tang
- VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego CA USA
| | - Lisanne Lutter
- Center for Translational Immunology Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell biology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mara J. T. Nicolasen
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Gajanan D. Katkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Martin ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego CA USA
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lenti MV, Aronico N, Giuffrida P, Antoci V, Santacroce G, Vanoli A, Klersy C, Corazza GR, Di Sabatino A. Serum Markers of Refractoriness and Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma in Coeliac Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102289. [PMID: 34064688 PMCID: PMC8151476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Coeliac disease is a common chronic enteropathy that may lead to severe complications, including refractoriness (i.e., nonresponsiveness to a gluten-free diet) and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. In this study, we found that two serum markers, namely chromogranin A and β2-microglobuline, can predict these complications in patients with coeliac disease. Abstract The persistence or recurrence of symptoms in patients with coeliac disease (CD), despite a gluten-free diet (GFD), must prompt further work-up for excluding refractory CD (RCD). The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of serum markers in predicting refractoriness in CD patients. This study included 72 patients affected by CD followed-up at our center, namely 49 uncomplicated CD before and after GFD and 23 RCD. Serum levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and β2-microglobuline were measured at baseline and at follow-up (median time of 13 months) in each group of patients. Cut-off points for each marker were estimated to differentiate RCD from uncomplicated CD patients. Serum levels of CgA and β2-microglobuline were significantly higher in patients with RCD compared to uncomplicated CD (p < 0.001), both at baseline and at follow-up, with no significant difference between RCD type 1 and type 2. The estimated cut-off point for CgA was 90.2 ng/mL (sensitivity 83%, specificity 100%), while for β2-microglobuline it was 696 mcg/L (sensitivity 100%, specificity of 100%). To conclude, CgA and β2-microglobuline could be useful serological markers of refractoriness in CD, with the ability to discriminate those patients who should undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for making a definite diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.L.); (N.A.); (P.G.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (G.R.C.)
| | - Nicola Aronico
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.L.); (N.A.); (P.G.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (G.R.C.)
| | - Paolo Giuffrida
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.L.); (N.A.); (P.G.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (G.R.C.)
| | - Valentina Antoci
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.L.); (N.A.); (P.G.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (G.R.C.)
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.L.); (N.A.); (P.G.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (G.R.C.)
| | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Gino Roberto Corazza
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.L.); (N.A.); (P.G.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (G.R.C.)
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.L.); (N.A.); (P.G.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (G.R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-502-974
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tüten N, Güralp O, Gök K, Hamzaoglu K, Oner YO, Makul M, Bulut H, Irmak K, Tüten A, Malik E. Serum catestatin level is increased in women with preeclampsia. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:55-60. [PMID: 33938370 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1873922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Catestatin can inhibit catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and adrenergic neurons. Catestatin can also have a strong vasodilator effect. This may be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and its treatment. In this study, we investigated the serum catestatin levels in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. Fifty consecutive women with mild preeclampsia, 50 consecutive women with severe preeclampsia, and 100 consecutive pregnant women with a gestational age-matched (±1 week) uncomplicated pregnancy were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Mean serum catestatin was significantly increased in the preeclampsia group compared to the control group (290.7 ± 95.5 pg/mL vs. 182.8 ± 72.0 pg/mL). Mean serum catestatin was comparable in mild and severe preeclampsia groups (282.7 ± 97.9 pg/mL vs. 298.7 ± 93.4 pg/mL, p = .431). Serum catestatin levels had positive correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. In conclusion, serum catestatin levels are increased in preeclamptic pregnancies compared to gestational age-matched controls.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? The role of autonomic nervous system dysregulation in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is known. The most obvious part of this dysregulation is the sympathetic nervous system activation. The adrenal medulla is one of the locations of the sympathetic nervous system in the body.What do the results of this study add? Serum catestatin levels were found to be correlated with clinical and laboratory data of preeclampsia. This highlights the importance of chromaffin cell secretions in the adrenal medulla in preeclampsia.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study will help understand the role of the adrenal medulla in the autonomic nervous system dysregulation in preeclampsia. Also, control of serum catestatin levels may support the treatment of hypertension in preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Tüten
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Istanbul, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Onur Güralp
- Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, University Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Koray Gök
- Education and Research Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Kübra Hamzaoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yahya Ozgün Oner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Makul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Irmak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tüten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eduard Malik
- Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, University Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ying W, Tang K, Avolio E, Schilling JM, Pasqua T, Liu MA, Cheng H, Gao H, Zhang J, Mahata S, Ko MS, Bandyopadhyay G, Das S, Roth DM, Sahoo D, Webster NJG, Sheikh F, Ghosh G, Patel HH, Ghosh P, van den Bogaart G, Mahata SK. Immunosuppression of Macrophages Underlies the Cardioprotective Effects of CST (Catestatin). Hypertension 2021; 77:1670-1682. [PMID: 33826401 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kechun Tang
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.)
| | - Ennio Avolio
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy (E.A.)
| | - Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Anesthesiology (J.M.S., D.M.R., H.H.P.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (T.P.)
| | - Matthew A Liu
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (H.C.)
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Myung S Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.S.K., G.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology (S.D.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - David M Roth
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Anesthesiology (J.M.S., D.M.R., H.H.P.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics (D.S.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering (D.S.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.S.K., G.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Anesthesiology (J.M.S., D.M.R., H.H.P.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Cellular and Molecular Medicine (P.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (G.v.d.B.).,Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (G.v.d.B.)
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rocca C, Grande F, Granieri MC, Colombo B, De Bartolo A, Giordano F, Rago V, Amodio N, Tota B, Cerra MC, Rizzuti B, Corti A, Angelone T, Pasqua T. The chromogranin A1-373 fragment reveals how a single change in the protein sequence exerts strong cardioregulatory effects by engaging neuropilin-1. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13570. [PMID: 33073482 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chromogranin A (CgA), a 439-residue long protein, is an important cardiovascular regulator and a precursor of various bioactive fragments. Under stressful/pathological conditions, CgA cleavage generates the CgA1-373 proangiogenic fragment. The present work investigated the possibility that human CgA1-373 influences the mammalian cardiac performance, evaluating the role of its C-terminal sequence. METHODS Haemodynamic assessment was performed on an ex vivo Langendorff rat heart model, while mechanistic studies were performed using perfused hearts, H9c2 cardiomyocytes and in silico. RESULTS On the ex vivo heart, CgA1-373 elicited direct dose-dependent negative inotropism and vasodilation, while CgA1-372 , a fragment lacking the C-terminal R373 residue, was ineffective. Antibodies against the PGPQLR373 C-terminal sequence abrogated the CgA1-373 -dependent cardiac and coronary modulation. Ex vivo studies showed that CgA1-373 -dependent effects were mediated by endothelium, neuropilin-1 (NRP1) receptor, Akt/NO/Erk1,2 pathways, nitric oxide (NO) production and S-nitrosylation. In vitro experiments on H9c2 cardiomyocytes indicated that CgA1-373 also induced eNOS activation directly on the cardiomyocyte component by NRP1 targeting and NO involvement and provided beneficial action against isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy, by reducing the increase in cell surface area and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) release. Molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations strongly supported the hypothesis that the C-terminal R373 residue of CgA1-373 directly interacts with NRP1. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CgA1-373 is a new cardioregulatory hormone and that the removal of R373 represents a critical switch for turning "off" its cardioregulatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Granieri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- Division of Experimental Oncology Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University–Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro Catanzaro Italy
| | - Bruno Tota
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
- Laboratory of Organ and System Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Laboratory of Organ and System Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR‐NANOTEC Licryl‐UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal Department of Physics University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University–Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC) Bologna Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
- "Fondazione Umberto Veronesi" Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Parisien-La Salle S, Provençal M, Bourdeau I. Chromogranin A in a Cohort of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Usefulness at Diagnosis and as an Early Biomarker of Recurrence. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:318-325. [PMID: 33581325 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of chromogranin A (CgA) in the management of patients with pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and paragangliomas (PGLs). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 132 patients with confirmed PHEOs/PGLs (PPGLs) followed at our medical center. CgA was measured in 80 patients at diagnosis. The exclusion criteria removed 19 of these patients. Five patients with relapses were also analyzed. RESULTS Our cohort of 61 patients included 34 PHEOs, 14 head and neck PGLs, and 13 thoracoabdominal PGLs. CgA levels were elevated in 53 of 61 patients (86.9%) at diagnosis: 33 of 34 (97.1%) PHEOs, 9 of 14 (64.3%) head and neck paragangliomas, and 11 of 13 (84.6%) thoracoabdominal paragangliomas. For 8 of 13 (61.5%) nonfunctional PPGLs (5 head and neck paragangliomas and 3 thoracoabdominal paragangliomas), increased CgA levels showed potential as a tumor marker during follow-up. Of 10 patients with malignant PPGLs, only 1 had normal CgA levels (10.0%). Among 54 patients with PPGLs who underwent genetic testing, elevated CgA levels were positive in 73.7% of patients carrying a germline genetic variant (pathogenic and of unknown significance) versus 91.4% of patients without a known germline variant. We also report 5 PPGL cases with increased CgA levels as the first detectable marker of tumoral recurrence or progression preceding other biochemical markers or imaging. CONCLUSION CgA is a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of PHEO (97.1%) and thoracoabdominal paraganglioma (84.6%). CgA may be useful in the follow-up of nonfunctional PGLs and may also play a complementary role in the early detection of recurrence in secreting PPGLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Parisien-La Salle
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Research Center of Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Provençal
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Research Center of Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|