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Shi R, Wang S, Jiang Y, Zhong G, Li M, Sun Y. ERCC4: a potential regulatory factor in inflammatory bowel disease and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1348216. [PMID: 38516408 PMCID: PMC10954797 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1348216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear and is associated with an increased risk of developing colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Under sustained inflammatory stimulation in the intestines, loss of early DNA damage response genes can lead to tumor formation. Many proteins are involved in the pathways of DNA damage response and play critical roles in protecting genes from various potential damages that DNA may undergo. ERCC4 is a structure-specific endonuclease that participates in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. The catalytic site of ERCC4 determines the activity of NER and is an indispensable gene in the NER pathway. ERCC4 may be involved in the imbalanced process of DNA damage and repair in IBD-related inflammation and CAC. This article primarily reviews the function of ERCC4 in the DNA repair pathway and discusses its potential role in the processes of IBD-related inflammation and carcinogenesis. Finally, we explore how this knowledge may open novel avenues for the treatment of IBD and IBD-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Sun
- *Correspondence: Yan Sun, ; Mingsong Li,
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2
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Eich C, Vogt JF, Längst V, Clausen BE, Hövelmeyer N. Isolation and high-dimensional flow cytometric analysis of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1295863. [PMID: 38500875 PMCID: PMC10944955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1295863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by dysregulated interactions between tumor cells and the immune system. The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation as well as progression, with myeloid immune cells such as dendritic cell and macrophage subsets playing diverse roles in cancer immunity. On one hand, they exert anti-tumor effects, but they can also contribute to tumor growth. The AOM/DSS colitis-associated cancer mouse model has emerged as a valuable tool to investigate inflammation-driven CRC. To understand the role of different leukocyte populations in tumor development, the preparation of single cell suspensions from tumors has become standard procedure for many types of cancer in recent years. However, in the case of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal tumors, this is still challenging and rarely described. For one, to be able to properly distinguish tumor-associated immune cells, separate processing of cancerous and surrounding colon tissue is essential. In addition, cell yield, due to the low tumor mass, viability, as well as preservation of cell surface epitopes are important for successful flow cytometric profiling of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Here we present a fast, simple, and economical step-by-step protocol for isolating colorectal tumor-associated leukocytes from AOM/DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of this protocol for high-dimensional flow cytometric identification of the different tumor-infiltrating leukocyte populations, with a specific focus on myeloid cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Eich
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes F. Vogt
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vivian Längst
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E. Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Fang X, Feng J, Zhu X, Feng D, Zheng L. Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles: A new tool for inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer treatment. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00090-X. [PMID: 38369751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term use of conventional drugs to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) has an adverse impact on the human immune system and easily leads to drug resistance, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel biotherapeutic tools with improved activity and limited side effects. Numerous products derived from plant sources have been shown to exert antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects. Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles (PDVLNs) are natural nanocarriers containing lipids, protein, DNA and microRNA (miRNA) with the ability to enter mammalian cells and regulate cellular activity. PDVLNs have significant potential in immunomodulation of macrophages, along with regulation of intestinal microorganisms and friendly antioxidant activity, as well as overcoming drug resistance. PDVLNs have utility as effective drug carriers and potential modification, with improved drug stability. Since immune function, intestinal microorganisms, and antioxidative stress are commonly targeted key phenomena in the treatment of IBD and CAC, PDVLNs offer a novel therapeutic tool. This review provides a summary of the latest advances in research on the sources and extraction methods, applications and mechanisms in IBD and CAC therapy, overcoming drug resistance, safety, stability, and clinical application of PDVLNs. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of PDVLN-based treatment of IBD and CAC are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junjie Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xingcheng Zhu
- Medical Laboratory Department, Second People's Hospital, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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4
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Espinoza KS, Snider AJ. Therapeutic Potential for Sphingolipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:789. [PMID: 38398179 PMCID: PMC10887199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract, increases the risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Sphingolipids, which have been implicated in IBD and CRC, are a class of bioactive lipids that regulate cell signaling, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and survival. The balance between ceramide (Cer), the central sphingolipid involved in apoptosis and differentiation, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a potent signaling molecule involved in proliferation and inflammation, is vital for the maintenance of normal cellular function. Altered sphingolipid metabolism has been implicated in IBD and CRC, with many studies highlighting the importance of S1P in inflammatory signaling and pro-survival pathways. A myriad of sphingolipid analogues, inhibitors, and modulators have been developed to target the sphingolipid metabolic pathway. In this review, the efficacy and therapeutic potential for modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in IBD and CRC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila S. Espinoza
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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5
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Sampaio Moura N, Schledwitz A, Alizadeh M, Patil SA, Raufman JP. Matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colitis-associated cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1325095. [PMID: 38288108 PMCID: PMC10824561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1325095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic approaches for advanced CRC are limited and rarely provide long-term benefit. Enzymes comprising the 24-member matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases are key players in extracellular matrix degradation, a requirement for colon tumor expansion, invasion, and metastasis; hence, MMPs are an important research focus. Compared to sporadic CRC, less is known regarding the molecular mechanisms and the role of MMPs in the development and progression of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) - CRC on a background of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - primarily ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Hence, the potential of MMPs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CAC is uncertain. Our goal was to review data regarding the role of MMPs in the development and progression of CAC. We sought to identify promising prognostic and therapeutic opportunities and novel lines of investigation. A key observation is that since MMPs may be more active in early phases of CAC, using MMPs as biomarkers of advancing neoplasia and as potential therapeutic targets for adjuvant therapy in those with advanced stage primary CAC rather than overt metastases may yield more favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sampaio Moura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alyssa Schledwitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Madeline Alizadeh
- The Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seema A. Patil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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6
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Ozawa N, Yokobori T, Osone K, Bilguun EO, Okami H, Shimoda Y, Shiraishi T, Okada T, Sano A, Sakai M, Sohda M, Miyazaki T, Ide M, Ogawa H, Yao T, Oyama T, Shirabe K, Saeki H. MAdCAM-1 targeting strategy can prevent colitic cancer carcinogenesis and progression via suppression of immune cell infiltration and inflammatory signals. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:359-371. [PMID: 37676657 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by infiltrating immune cells can promote colitis-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer in ulcerative colitis (UC) by activating inflammatory cytokine signalling through the IL-6/p-STAT3 and TNFα/NF-κB pathways. Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) expressed on high endothelial venules promotes the migration of immune cells from the bloodstream to the gut via interaction with α4β7 integrin expressed on the immune cells. MAdCAM-1, has therefore drawn interest as a novel therapeutic target for treating active UC. However, the role of MAdCAM-1-positive endothelial cells in immune cell infiltration in dysplasia/colitic cancers remains unclear. We evaluated the expression of MAdCAM-1, CD31 and immune cell markers (CD8, CD68, CD163 and FOXP3) in samples surgically resected from 11 UC patients with dysplasia/colitic cancer and 17 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC), using immunohistochemical staining. We used an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate mouse model (AOM/DSS mouse) to evaluate whether dysplasia/colitic cancer could be suppressed with an anti-MAdCAM-1 blocking antibody by preventing immune cell infiltration. The number of MAdCAM-1-positive vessels and infiltrating CD8+ , CD68+ and CD163+ immune cells was significantly higher in dysplasia/colitic cancer than in normal, SCRC and UC mucosa. In AOM/DSS mice, the anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody reduced the number, mean diameter, depth of tumours, Ki67 positivity, number of CD8+ , CD68+ and CD163+ immune cells and the IL-6/p-STAT3 and TNF-α/NF-κB signalling. Our results indicate that targeting MAdCAM-1 is a promising strategy for controlling not only UC severity but also carcinogenesis and tumour progression by regulating inflammation/immune cell infiltration in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ozawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Katsuya Osone
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Erkhem-Ochir Bilguun
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruka Okami
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimoda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takuya Shiraishi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuhisa Okada
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Munenori Ide
- Department of Pathology Diagnosis, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Ogawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyouku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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7
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Chen Y, Li D, Liu Y, Hu L, Qi Y, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Chen T, Wang C, Zhong S, Ding J. Optimal frequency determination for terahertz technology-based detection of colitis-related cancer in mice. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202300193. [PMID: 37556310 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignancy globally, often linked to chronic colitis. Terahertz technology, with its noninvasive and fingerprint spectroscopic properties, holds promise in disease diagnosis. This study aimed to explore terahertz technology's application in colitis-associated cancer using a mouse model. Mouse colorectal tissues were transformed into paraffin-embedded blocks for histopathological analysis using HE staining. Terahertz transmission spectroscopy was performed on the tissue blocks. By comparing terahertz absorption differences, specific frequency bands were identified as optimal for distinguishing cancerous and normal tissues. The study revealed that terahertz spectroscopy effectively differentiates colitis-related cancers from normal tissues. Remarkably, 1.8 THz emerged as a potential optimal frequency for diagnosing colorectal cancer in mice. This suggests the potential for rapid histopathological diagnosis of colorectal cancer using terahertz technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanlin Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - ChengDang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuncong Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Deng Y, Huang X, Chen X, Wang M, Tian L, Zhou H, Yang W, He F, Yin W. Chemopreventive Effects of Polysaccharides and Flavonoids from Okra Flowers in Azomethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Murine Colitis-Associated Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:4820. [PMID: 38004214 PMCID: PMC10674164 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Okra flowers are a good source of polysaccharides and flavonoids, with biological activities of anti-inflammatory action and modulation of the gut microbiota. Previously, we reported that flavonoid-rich extracts from okra flowers (AFE) presented effective anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity in CRC cells as well as xenograft models, but their role in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is unidentified. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of AFE and APE (polysaccharides extracted from okra flowers) on the CAC symptoms of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-intervened mice. The results showed that APE and AFE exert potent efficacy in inhibiting colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis stimulated by AOM/DSS, characterized by decreased colonic shortening, DAI score, and tumor numbers. Compared with the control group, APE/AFE alleviated the microbiota dysbiosis driven by AOM/DSS. In addition, AFE elicited its anticancer activity through regulation of NFκB/IL-6/Stat3, JAK2/Stat3, MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin signal transductions in AOM/DSS mice, which was consistent with a vitro model of CT26 cells, while APE treatment exhibited anticancer activity through regulation of Nrf2/IL-6, MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin signal transductions in the AOM/DSS mouse model. Collectively, our studies revealed, for the first time, that flavonoids and polysaccharides from okra flowers possess the ability to attenuate colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis, with them having great potential to become promising candidates against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanle Deng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Li Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Heting Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Fang He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenya Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Liu L, Wang Y, Yu S, Liu H, Li Y, Hua S, Chen Y. Transforming Growth Factor Beta Promotes Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in Smad4-Deficient Intestinal Epithelium in a YAP-Dependent Manner. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300708. [PMID: 37261975 PMCID: PMC10427365 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine, plays critical roles in immune responses. However, the precise role of TGF-β in colitis and colitis-associated cancer remains poorly defined. Here, it is demonstrated that TGF-β promotes the colonic inflammation and related tumorigenesis in the absence of Smad family member 4 (Smad4). Smad4 loss in intestinal epithelium aggravates colitis and colitis-associated neoplasia induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS), leading to over-activated immune responses and increased TGF-β1 levels. In Smad4-deficient organoids, TGF-β1 stimulates spheroid formation and impairs intestinal stem cell proliferation and lineage specification. YAP, whose expression is directly upregulated by TGF-β1 after Smad4 deletion, mediates the effect of TGF-β1 by interacting with Smad2/3. Attenuation of YAP/TAZ prevents TGF-β1-induced spheroid formation in Smad4-/- organoids and alleviates colitis and colitis-associated cancer in Smad4-deficient mice. Collectively, these results highlight an integral role of the TGF-β/Smad4 axis in restraining intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis and suggest TGF-β or YAP signaling as therapeutic targets for these gastrointestinal diseases intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
| | - Huidong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yehua Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Shan Hua
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
- Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650500China
| | - Ye‐Guang Chen
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang330031China
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10
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Gu Y, Zhao H, Zheng L, Zhou C, Han Y, Wu A, Jia Z, Xia T, Zhi Q. Non-coding RNAs and colitis-associated cancer: Mechanisms and clinical applications. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1253. [PMID: 37138536 PMCID: PMC10157269 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is one of the most severe complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which has caused a worse survival rate in IBD patients. Although the exact aetiology and pathogenesis of CAC are not completely elucidated, evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs are closely involved and play a key role. METHODS This review aims to summarise the major findings of non-coding RNAs in the development of CAC and present the potential mechanistic links between non-coding RNAs and CAC pathogenesis. The results show that non-coding RNAs can hinder DNA mismatch repair proteins and obstruct chromosome passenger complexes to increase microsatellite instability and accumulate chromosomal instability, respectively. The data also suggest that DNA promoter methylation or RNA methylation modifications of non-coding RNA are the main mechanisms to regulate oncogene or tumour suppressor expression during the CAC progression. Other factors, including gut microbiota perturbations, immune dysregulation and barrier dysfunction, are also regulated and influenced by non-coding RNAs. Besides, non-coding RNAs as molecular managers are associated with multiple critical signalling pathways governing the initiation, progression and metastasis of CAC, including the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Wnt/β-catenin and phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways. In addition, non-coding RNAs can be detected in colon tissues or blood, and their aberrant expressions and diagnostic and prognostic roles are also discussed and confirmed in CAC patients. CONCLUSIONS It is believed that a deepening understanding of non-coding RNAs in CAC pathogenesis may prevent the progression to carcinogenesis, and will offer new effective therapies for CAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haizhou Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chentao Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Airong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Yang X, Jia J, Xie XX, Wan MQ, Feng YL, Luo YY, Ouyang H, Yu J. [Anemoside B4 regulates fatty acid metabolism reprogramming in mice with colitis-associated cancer]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:2325-2333. [PMID: 37282861 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221122.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of anemoside B4(B4) on fatty acid metabolism in mice with colitis-associated cancer(CAC). The CAC model was established by azoxymethane(AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) in mice. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose anemoside B4 groups. After the experiment, the length of the mouse colon and the size of the tumor were measured, and the pathological alterations in the mouse colon were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The slices of the colon tumor were obtained for spatial metabolome analysis to analyze the distribution of fatty acid metabolism-related substances in the tumor. The mRNA levels of SREBP-1, FAS, ACCα, SCD-1, PPARα, ACOX, UCP-2, and CPT-1 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). The results revealed that the model group showed decreased body weight(P<0.05) and colon length(P<0.001), increased number of tumors, and increased pathological score(P<0.01). Spatial metabolome analysis revealed that the content of fatty acids and their derivatives, carnitine, and phospholipid in the colon tumor was increased. RT-qPCR results indicated that fatty acid de novo synthesis and β-oxidation-related genes, such as SREBP-1, FASN, ACCα, SCD-1, ACOX, UCP-2, and CPT-1 mRNA expression levels increased considerably(P<0.05, P<0.001). After anemoside B4 administration, the colon length increased(P<0.01), and the number of tumors decreased in the high-dose anemoside B4 group(P<0.05). Additionally, spatial metabolome analysis showed that anemoside B4 could decrease the content of fatty acids and their derivatives, carnitine, and phospholipids in colon tumors. Meanwhile, anemoside B4 could also down-regulate the expression of FASN, ACCα, SCD-1, PPARα, ACOX, UCP-2, and CPT-1 in the colon(P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The findings of this study show that anemoside B4 may inhibit CAC via regulating fatty acid metabolism reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Chinese Medicine Solid Preparations National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Chinese Medicine Solid Preparations National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin-Xu Xie
- Chinese Medicine Solid Preparations National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meng-Qiang Wan
- Chinese Medicine Solid Preparations National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yu-Lin Feng
- Chinese Medicine Solid Preparations National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ying-Ying Luo
- Chinese Medicine Solid Preparations National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Chinese Medicine Solid Preparations National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia 19140, USA
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12
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Nardone OM, Zammarchi I, Santacroce G, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Inflammation-Driven Colorectal Cancer Associated with Colitis: From Pathogenesis to Changing Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082389. [PMID: 37190315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a two-fold higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) than the general population. IBD-related CRC follows a different genetic and molecular pathogenic pathway than sporadic CRC and can be considered a complication of chronic intestinal inflammation. Since inflammation is recognised as an independent risk factor for neoplastic progression, clinicians strive to modulate and control disease, often using potent therapy agents to achieve mucosal healing and decrease the risk of colorectal cancer in IBD patients. Improved therapeutic control of inflammation, combined with endoscopic advances and early detection of pre-cancerous lesions through surveillance programs, explains the lower incidence rate of IBD-related CRC. In addition, current research is increasingly focused on translating emerging and advanced knowledge in microbiome and metagenomics into personalised, early, and non-invasive CRC screening tools that guide organ-sparing therapy in IBD patients. This review aims to summarise the existing literature on IBD-associated CRC, focusing on new insights into the alteration of the intestinal barrier and the interactions with the gut microbiome as the initial promoter. In addition, the role of OMIC techniques for precision medicine and the impact of the available IBD therapeutic armamentarium on the evolution to CRC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Maria Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Zammarchi
- Department of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- Department of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
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13
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Markov AV, Savin IA, Zenkova MA, Sen'kova AV. Identification of Novel Core Genes Involved in Malignant Transformation of Inflamed Colon Tissue Using a Computational Biology Approach and Verification in Murine Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36901742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and multifactorial systemic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and is strongly associated with the development of colorectal cancer. Despite extensive studies of IBD pathogenesis, the molecular mechanism of colitis-driven tumorigenesis is not yet fully understood. In the current animal-based study, we report a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of multiple transcriptomics datasets from the colon tissue of mice with acute colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We performed intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), their functional annotation, reconstruction, and topology analysis of gene association networks, which, when combined with the text mining approach, revealed that a set of key overexpressed genes involved in the regulation of colitis (C3, Tyrobp, Mmp3, Mmp9, Timp1) and CAC (Timp1, Adam8, Mmp7, Mmp13) occupied hub positions within explored colitis- and CAC-related regulomes. Further validation of obtained data in murine models of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane/DSS-stimulated CAC fully confirmed the association of revealed hub genes with inflammatory and malignant lesions of colon tissue and demonstrated that genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (acute colitis: Mmp3, Mmp9; CAC: Mmp7, Mmp13) can be used as a novel prognostic signature for colorectal neoplasia in IBD. Finally, using publicly available transcriptomics data, translational bridge interconnecting of listed colitis/CAC-associated core genes with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and colorectal cancer in humans was identified. Taken together, a set of key genes playing a core function in colon inflammation and CAC was revealed, which can serve both as promising molecular markers and therapeutic targets to control IBD and IBD-associated colorectal neoplasia.
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14
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Zeineldin M, Larman TC. SATB2 loss in inflammatory bowel disease-associated small intestinal metaplasia of the distal colon. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.01.526729. [PMID: 36778374 PMCID: PMC9915658 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial metaplasia is a common adaptation to chronic inflammatory processes and can be associated with increased risk of dysplasia and cancer. The distal colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly shows crypt architectural distortion and Paneth cell metaplasia (PCM), and IBD patients also carry increased risk of colitis-associated dysplasia and cancer (CAC). Loss of SATB2 expression (Special AT-rich binding 2 protein, a colon-restricted chromatin remodeler) has recently been shown to distinguish colitis-associated dysplasia and CAC from sporadic disease. Here we report non-diffuse heterogeneous patterns of SATB2 loss across non-dysplastic distal colon biopsies from IBD patients (n=20). This cohort was specifically curated to include biopsies with well-developed histologic features of villiform growth and PCM. Notably, CDX2 was strongly expressed and P53 showed a wild-type immunolabeling pattern across our non-dysplastic cohort, regardless of SATB2 immunolabeling pattern. Our findings fit with recent murine studies in which colon-specific Satb2 deletion resulted in histologic conversion of colonic mucosa to small intestinal-like mucosa, including emergence of villi and Paneth cells. Taken together, we show that SATB2 loss is associated with a pre-neoplastic metaplastic response to chronic injury in human IBD and chronic colitis, reframing PCM more broadly as small intestinal metaplasia. We propose that inflammation-associated SATB2 loss mediates a remodeled chromatin landscape permissive for dysplasia and CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Zeineldin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Gastrointestinal/Liver Pathology, and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatianna C Larman
- Department of Pathology, Division of Gastrointestinal/Liver Pathology, and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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O'Mahony C, Clooney A, Clarke SF, Aguilera M, Gavin A, Simnica D, Ahern M, Fanning A, Stanley M, Rubio RC, Patterson E, Marques T, Wall R, Houston A, Mahmoud A, Bennett MW, Stanton C, Claesson MJ, Cotter PD, Shanahan F, Joyce SA, Melgar S. Dietary-Induced Bacterial Metabolites Reduce Inflammation and Inflammation-Associated Cancer via Vitamin D Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, including westernised diets and alterations to the gut microbiota, are considered risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The mechanisms underpinning diet-microbiota-host interactions are poorly understood in IBD. We present evidence that feeding a lard-based high-fat (HF) diet can protect mice from developing DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by significantly reducing tumour burden/incidence, immune cell infiltration, cytokine profile, and cell proliferation. We show that HF protection was associated with increased gut microbial diversity and a significant reduction in Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes and Clostridium cluster XIVa abundance. Microbial functionality was modulated in terms of signalling fatty acids and bile acids (BA). Faecal secondary BAs were significantly induced to include moieties that can activate the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor richly represented in the intestine and colon. Indeed, colonic VDR downstream target genes were upregulated in HF-fed mice and in combinatorial lipid-BAs-treated intestinal HT29 epithelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that HF diet protects against colitis and CAC risk through gut microbiota and BA metabolites modulating vitamin D targeting pathways. Our data highlights the complex relationship between dietary fat-induced alterations of microbiota-host interactions in IBD/CAC pathophysiology.
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16
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Cheng Y, Li J, Zhang X, Li Y, Shi X, Shi R, Mao T, Kou F, Shi L. Protective Effect of Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction on Colitis and Colitis-Related Carcinogenesis by Regulating Inflammation and Intestinal Fibrosis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1479-1495. [PMID: 37056910 PMCID: PMC10089279 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s402395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by mucosal inflammation, which may develop into ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis (UCAC) with disease progression. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction (QCWZD) is a classic and effective prescription for the clinical treatment of UC. QCWZD has been shown to alleviate intestinal mucosal injury in acute and chronic UC models. This study aimed to explore and then verify the pharmacological mechanisms of QCWZD in UC and UCAC therapy. Methods In this study, approaches including microarray analysis, network pharmacology, and biological verification are employed to clarify the mechanism of QCWZD in the treatment of UC and UCAC. TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction, and Similarity Ensemble Approach were used to investigate the active ingredients and targets of QCWZD. UC and UCAC valid targets were identified by the microarray data in the GEO database (GSE38713 and GSE47908). The core targets were obtained by PPI network and enriched by GO and KEGG. DSS and AOM/DSS mouse models were adopted to verify the above analysis results. Results The enrichment analysis showed that the therapeutic targets of QCWZD enriched in blood circulation, cell adhesion molecules, and pathways of inflammation and cancer such as IL-17 signaling pathway and toll-like receptor signaling pathway were involved in the multiple synergies of QCWZD on UC and UCAC treatment. The results of experiments demonstrated that QCWZD can exert its effects on protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating inflammation and improving intestinal fibrosis in UC and UCAC and the main mechanism of QCWZD in treatment of UC and UCAC may be related to the activation of the IL-17, NF-κB and TLR4 signaling pathways. Conclusion Our results indicated that QCWZD treated UC and UCAC via multiple targets and pathways and the IL-17, NF-κB and TLR4 signaling pathways may be highly involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosi Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Shi
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fushun Kou
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People’s Republic of China
- Center for IBD Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
- Fushun Kou, Center for IBD Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Lei Shi
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lei Shi, Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, 1st Section, Fangxingyuan, Fangzhuang, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, People’s Republic of China, Email
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17
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Xia P, Deng F. YAP regulates intestinal epithelial cell proliferation through activation of STAT3 in DSS-induced colitis and associated cancer. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 47:1637-1645. [PMID: 36748373 PMCID: PMC10930267 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammation of the colon. Impaired epithelial repair is an important biological features of UC. Accelerating intestinal epithelial repair to achieve endoscopic mucosal healing has become a key goal in UC. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key transcriptional coactivator that regulates organ size, tissue growth and tumorigenesis. Growing studies have focused on the role of YAP in intestinal epithelial regeneration. This study explore the molecular mechanism for the role YAP in modulating colonic epithelial proliferation, repair, and the development of colitis associated cancer. METHODS We constructed the acute colitis mouse model through successive 5 days of 3% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induction. Then YAP-overexpressed mouse model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection the YAP overexpressed and negative control lentivirus into DSS mice. On the 5th day of DSS induction and the 5th day of normal drinking water after removing DSS (5+5 d), the mice were killed by spinal dislocation. The colon was taken to measure the length, and the bowel 1-2 cm near the anal canal was selected for immunohistochemical and Western blotting. We used YAP over-expressed colonic epithelial cells and small interfering signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) RNA to probe the regulation of YAP on STAT3, using cell counting kit-8 and scratch assays to explore the role of YAP on colonic epithelial cell proliferation. Finally, we conducted co-immunoprecipitation to test the relationship between YAP and STAT3. RESULTS After DSS treatment, the expression of YAP was dramatically diminished in crypts. Compared with the empty control mice, overexpression of YAP drastically accelerated epithelial regeneration after DSS induced colitis, presenting with more intact of structural integrity in intestinal epithelium and a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells in the mucosa. Further Western blotting, functional experiment and co-immunoprecipitation analyses showed that the expression of YAP in nucleus was significantly increased by 2 h post DSS cessation, accompanied with up-regulated total protein levels of STAT3 and phosphorylated-STAT3 (p-STAT3). Overexpression of YAP enhanced the expression of STAT3, p-STAT3, and their transcriptional targets including c-Myc and Cyclin D1. In addition, it promoted the proliferation and the "wound healing" of colonic cells. However, these effects were reversed when silencing STAT3 on YAP-overexpressed FHC cells. Moreover, protein immunoprecipitation indicated that YAP could directly interact with STAT3 in the nucleus, up-regulatvng the expressvon of STAT3. Finally, during the process of CAC, overexpression of YAP mutant caused the down-regulated expression of STAT3 and inhibited the development and progress of CAC. CONCLUSIONS YAP activates STAT3 signaling in regulation of epithelial cell proliferation and promotes mucosal regeneration after DSS induced colitis, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target in UC. However, persistent and excessive YAP activation may promote CAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pianpian Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital; Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital; Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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18
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Zegarra Ruiz DF, Kim DV, Norwood K, Saldana-Morales FB, Kim M, Ng C, Callaghan R, Uddin M, Chang LC, Longman RS, Diehl GE. Microbiota manipulation to increase macrophage IL-10 improves colitis and limits colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2119054. [PMID: 36062329 PMCID: PMC9450902 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2119054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic life-long inflammatory disease affecting almost 2 million Americans. Although new biologic therapies have been developed, the standard medical treatment fails to selectively control the dysregulated immune pathways involved in chronic colonic inflammation. Further, IBD patients with uncontrolled colonic inflammation are at a higher risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Intestinal microbes can impact many immune functions, and here we asked if they could be used to improve intestinal inflammation. By utilizing an intestinal adherent E. coli that we find increases IL-10 producing macrophages, we were able to limit intestinal inflammation and restrict tumor formation. Macrophage IL-10 along with IL-10 signaling to the intestinal epithelium were required for protection in both inflammation and tumor development. Our work highlights that administration of immune modulating microbes can improve intestinal outcomes by altering tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dasom V. Kim
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kendra Norwood
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fatima B. Saldana-Morales
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Neuroscience Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Ng
- Department of Pathology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryann Callaghan
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maisha Uddin
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin-Chun Chang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy S. Longman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gretchen E. Diehl
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA,CONTACT Gretchen E. Diehl Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Krishnachaitanya SS, Liu M, Fujise K, Li Q. MicroRNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 35955886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), classified primarily between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a collection of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions that cause multiple complications because of systemic alterations in the immune response. One major player is microRNA (miRNA), which is found to be associated with multiple pathways in mediating inflammation, especially those of a chronic nature in IBD, as well as irritable bowel syndrome. Although there have been studies linking miRNA alterations in IBD, even differentiating Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, this review focuses mainly on how miRNAs cause and mechanistically influence the pathologic complications of IBD. In addition to its role in the well-known progression towards colorectal cancer, we also emphasize how miRNA manifests the many extraintestinal complications in IBD such as cardiovascular diseases; neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders; and others, including various musculoskeletal, dermatologic, ocular, and hepatobiliary complications. We conclude through a description of its potential use in bettering diagnostics and the future treatment of IBD and its systemic symptoms.
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20
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Chen L, Luo Z, Zhao C, Li Q, Geng Y, Xiao Y, Chen MK, Li L, Chen ZX, Wu M. Dynamic Chromatin States Coupling with Key Transcription Factors in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200536. [PMID: 35712778 PMCID: PMC9376751 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the critical risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms for transition from colitis to CRC remain elusive. Recently, epigenetic changes have emerged as important regulatory factors for colitis-associated cancer. Here, a systematic epigenomic study of histone modifications is performed, including H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, in an AOM-DSS-induced CRC mouse model. In combination with transcriptomic data, the authors generate a dataset of 105 deep sequencing files and illustrate the dynamic landscape of chromatin states at five time points during inflammation-cancer transition. Functional gene clusters are identified based on dynamic transcriptomic and epigenomic information, and key signaling pathways in the process are illustrated. This study's results reveal that enhancer state regions play important roles during inflammation-cancer transition. It predicts novel transcription factors based on enhancer information, and experimentally proves OTX2 as a critical tumor suppressive transcription factor. Taken together, this study provides comprehensive epigenomic data and reveals novel molecular mechanisms for colitis-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Zhihui Luo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Qinglan Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yingjie Geng
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Ming-Kai Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Lianyun Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Zhen-Xia Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Min Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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21
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Gong W, Liu P, Zhao F, Liu J, Hong Z, Ren H, Gu G, Wang G, Wu X, Zheng T, Zhao Y, Ren J. STING-mediated Syk Signaling Attenuates Tumorigenesis of Colitis‑associated Colorectal Cancer Through Enhancing Intestinal Epithelium Pyroptosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:572-585. [PMID: 34473281 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has essential functions in the immune responses and can induce cancer cell apoptosis. However, it is not completely clear how STING plays a role in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and whether it can trigger pyroptosis during the tumorigenesis of CAC. METHODS To investigate the role of STING-modulated pyroptosis in the development of CAC, STING knockout and Wild type mice were challenged with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to establish a murine CAC model. STING pharmacological agonist was used to further study the functions of STING signaling in the tumorigenesis. Moreover, STING endogenous ligand was employed to verify the effects of STING in human colon cancer cells. RESULTS STING deficiency mice were more susceptible to CAC by reducing pyroptosis of tumor cells, whereas overactivation of STING with the agonist suppressed tumorigenesis of CAC. STING also managed CAC development by modulating tumor cells proliferation, adhesion, and invasion, as well as inflammatory response. The ex vivo studies indicated that STING could induce pyroptosis via spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and Syk knockdown weakened such pyroptotic tumor cells death. In addition, the visible physical interaction between STING and Syk was observed in colorectal tumor samples of CAC patients. CONCLUSIONS STING-mediated Syk signaling may regulate the tumorigenesis of CAC by modulating pyroptosis of tumor cells, and modulation of STING/Syk serves as a novel therapeutic strategy for CAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Gong
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Peizhao Liu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanhan Liu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwu Hong
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huajian Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Guosheng Gu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Wang M, Zhou B, Cong W, Zhang M, Li Z, Li Y, Liang S, Chen K, Yang D, Wu Z. Amelioration of AOM/DSS-Induced Murine Colitis-Associated Cancer by Evodiamine Intervention is Primarily Associated with Gut Microbiota-Metabolism-Inflammatory Signaling Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:797605. [PMID: 35002731 PMCID: PMC8740177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO), an indole alkaloid derived from Rutaceae plants Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.、Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Var. bodinieri (Dode) Huang or Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Var. officinalis (Dode) Huang, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Our previous study found that EVO attenuates colitis by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites. However, little is known about its effect on colitis-associated cancer (CAC). In this study, the protective effects of EVO on azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and tumor mice were observed, and the underlying potential mechanism was clarified. The results suggested that EVO ameliorated AOM/DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting the intestinal inflammation and improving mucosal barrier function. And EVO significantly reduced the number and size of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal tumors along with promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of epithelial cell. Moreover, EVO promoted the enrichment of SCFAs-producing bacteria and reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory bacteria, which contributes to the changes of microbiota metabolism, especially tryptophan metabolism. Furthermore, inflammatory response (like Wnt signaling pathway、Hippo signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway) were effectively alleviated by EVO. Our study demonstrated that the protective therapeutic action of EVO on CAC is to inhibit the development of intestinal inflammation-cancer by regulating gut microbiota metabolites and signaling pathways of colon intestinal epithelial, which may represent a novel agent for colon cancer prevention via manipulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Biqiang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihong Cong
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoyu Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Deng F, Wu Z, Xu M, Xia P. YAP Activates STAT3 Signalling to Promote Colonic Epithelial Cell Proliferation in DSS-Induced Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5471-5482. [PMID: 36164660 PMCID: PMC9508680 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s377077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key transcriptional coactivator of cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we sought to identify the roles of YAP in colonic epithelial regeneration and tumourigenesis. METHODS Murine DSS-induced colitis and YAP overexpression models were constructed via lentiviral intraperitoneal injection. Stable YAP-overexpressing cells, protein immunoprecipitation, and ChIP were used to deeply explore the molecular mechanism. RESULTS We found that the expression of YAP was dramatically diminished in the colonic crypts during the acute colitis phase, while YAP was strikingly enhanced to initiate tissue repair after DSS withdrawal. Overexpressing YAP in mice drastically accelerated epithelial regeneration, presenting with more intact structural integrity and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the mucosa. Further mechanistic studies showed that the expression of YAP in the nucleus was significantly increased by 2 h post-DSS removal, accompanied by upregulated protein levels of activated STAT3. Overexpression of YAP (YAPWT) elevated the expression of activated STAT3 and its transcriptional targets and strengthened the proliferation and "wound healing" ability of colonic cells. However, these effects were reversed when STAT3 was silenced in YAPWT cells. Moreover, YAP could directly interact with STAT3 in the nucleus, and c-Myc and CyclinD1 were the transcriptional targets. Finally, during colitis-associated cancer (CAC), YAPWT promoted the progression of CAC, while the phosphomimetic YAP downregulated the expression of STAT3 and inhibited the development and progression of CAC. CONCLUSION YAP activates STAT3 signalling to facilitate mucosal regeneration after DSS-induced colitis. However, excessive YAP activation in the colonic epithelium promotes CAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Feihong Deng, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Zengrong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pianpian Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Mao L, Xin F, Ren J, Xu S, Huang H, Zha X, Wen X, Gu G, Yang G, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Wang W, Liu X. 5-HT2B-mediated serotonin activation in enterocytes suppresses colitis-associated cancer initiation and promotes cancer progression. Theranostics 2022; 12:3928-3945. [PMID: 35664068 PMCID: PMC9131283 DOI: 10.7150/thno.70762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is generally considered to be involved in colitis-associated cancer (CAC), but previous research has yielded inconsistent results regarding the effect of 5-HT on CAC. 5-HT2B is one of the receptors of 5-HT, and the receptor is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, the functions of 5-HT2B in CAC remain unclear. Our work demonstrates the variable functions of 5-HT/5-HT2B signaling in the initiation and progression of CAC in mice. Methods: We constructed two types of mutant mice homozygous knockout of Htr2b, the gene encoding 5-HT2B, in IECs (Htr2bΔIEC and Htr2bΔIEC-ER) to study the role of 5-HT2B in AOM/DSS-induced CAC model. Inflammation was measured using the body weight, colon length, and colitis severity score, and by histologic analysis of colon tissues. Tumor severity was assessed by tumor quantity, load, and histologic analysis of colon tumor tissues. Results: In Htr2bΔIEC mice, AOM/DSS induced an enhancement of colitis and tumor severity. This process was due to the inhibition of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway and activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. IL-6 antibody treatment reversed the stimulating effect of Htr2b deletion on tumorigenesis. However, tumor severity decreased in Htr2bΔIEC-ER mice injected with tamoxifen on day 48 of AOM/DSS treatment. Knockout Akt1 eliminated the function of 5-HT in promoting tumor cells. Conclusion: Our work elucidates 5-HT/5-HT2B/TGF-β signaling as a critical tumor suppressing axis during CAC initiation but as a promoter of cancer progression in the late-stage of CAC. Our findings provide a new understanding of the role of 5-HT in the initiation and progression of CAC, offering a new perspective on the long-standing debate on whether the 5-HT signal promotes or inhibits tumors.
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25
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Frigerio S, Lartey DA, D’Haens GR, Grootjans J. The Role of the Immune System in IBD-Associated Colorectal Cancer: From Pro to Anti-Tumorigenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312739. [PMID: 34884543 PMCID: PMC8657929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). IBD-associated cancer follows a well-characterized sequence of intestinal epithelial changes, in which genetic mutations and molecular aberrations play a key role. IBD-associated cancer develops against a background of chronic inflammation and pro-inflammatory immune cells, and their products contribute to cancer development and progression. In recent years, the effect of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in cancer development and progression has gained more attention, mainly because of the unprecedented anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in selected groups of patients. Even though IBD-associated cancer develops in the background of chronic inflammation which is associated with activation of endogenous anti-inflammatory or suppressive mechanisms, the potential role of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in these cancers is largely unknown. In this review, we outline the role of the immune system in promoting cancer development in chronic inflammatory diseases such as IBD, with a specific focus on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms and suppressive immune cells that may play a role in IBD-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Frigerio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dalia A. Lartey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R. D’Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
| | - Joep Grootjans
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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26
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Popov J, Caputi V, Nandeesha N, Rodriguez DA, Pai N. Microbiota-Immune Interactions in Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer and Emerging Microbiota-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111365. [PMID: 34768795 PMCID: PMC8584103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the colonic mucosa. UC is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease along with Crohn’s disease and presents with varying extraintestinal manifestations. No single etiology for UC has been found, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is suspected. Research has focused on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of UC, including the effects of dysbiosis on the integrity of the colonic mucosal barrier, priming and regulation of the host immune system, chronic inflammation, and progression to tumorigenesis. Characterization of key microbial taxa and their implications in the pathogenesis of UC and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) may present opportunities for modulating intestinal inflammation through microbial-targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss the microbiota-immune crosstalk in UC and CAC, as well as the evolution of microbiota-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popov
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Nandini Nandeesha
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | | | - Nikhil Pai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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27
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Ba H, Jiang R, Zhang M, Yin B, Wang J, Li Z, Li B, Zhou X. Suppression of Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Processing by a Specific Antibody Protects Against Colitis-Associated Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687874. [PMID: 34675913 PMCID: PMC8524043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNF-α) plays an important role in colitis-associated cancer (CAC); however, little is known about transmembrane TNF-α (tmTNF-α). Here, we observed an increase in sTNF-α mainly in colitis tissues from an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC mouse model whereas tmTNF-α levels were chiefly increased on epithelial cells at the tumor stage. The ratio of intracolonic tmTNF-α/sTNF-α was negatively correlated with the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, and NO) and M1 macrophages but positively correlated with the infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect of tmTNF-α. This effect of tmTNF-α was confirmed again by the induction of resistance to LPS in colonic epithelial cell lines NCM460 and HCoEpiC through the addition of exogenous tmTNF-α or transfection of the tmTNF-α leading sequence that lacks the extracellular segment but retains the intracellular domain of tmTNF-α. A tmTNF-α antibody was used to block tmTNF-α shedding after the first or second round of inflammation induction by DSS drinking to shift the time window of tmTNF-α expression ahead to the inflammation stage. Antibody treatment significantly alleviated inflammation and suppressed subsequent adenoma formation, accompanied by increased apoptosis. An antitumor effect was also observed when the antibody was administered at the malignant phase of CAC. Our results reveal tmTNF-α as a novel molecular marker for malignant transformation in CAC and provide a new insight into blocking the pathological process by targeting tmTNF-α processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Ba
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingjiao Yin
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuoya Li
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baihua Li
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Delgado-Ramirez Y, Baltazar-Perez I, Martinez Y, Callejas BE, Medina-Andrade I, Olguín JE, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI, Terrazas LI, Leon-Cabrera S. STAT1 Is Required for Decreasing Accumulation of Granulocytic Cells via IL-17 during Initial Steps of Colitis-Associated Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7695. [PMID: 34299314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) acts as a tumor suppressor molecule in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), particularly during the very early stages, modulating immune responses and controlling mechanisms such as apoptosis and cell proliferation. Previously, using an experimental model of CAC, we reported increased intestinal cell proliferation and faster tumor development, which were consistent with more signs of disease and damage, and reduced survival in STAT1-/- mice, compared with WT counterparts. However, the mechanisms through which STAT1 might prevent colorectal cancer progression preceded by chronic inflammation are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that increased tumorigenicity related to STAT1 deficiency could be suppressed by IL-17 neutralization. The blockade of IL-17 in STAT1-/- mice reduced the accumulation of CD11b+Ly6ClowLy6G+ cells resembling granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in both spleen and circulation. Additionally, IL-17 blockade reduced the recruitment of neutrophils into intestinal tissue, the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines, and the expression of intestinal STAT3. In addition, the anti-IL-17 treatment also reduced the expression of Arginase-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the colon, both associated with the main suppressive activity of MDSCs. Thus, a lack of STAT1 signaling induces a significant change in the colonic microenvironment that supports inflammation and tumor formation. Anti-IL-17 treatment throughout the initial stages of CAC related to STAT1 deficiency abrogates the tumor formation possibly caused by myeloid cells.
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29
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Zhou J, Liu J, Gao Y, Shen L, Li S, Chen S. miRNA-Based Potential Biomarkers and New Molecular Insights in Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707776. [PMID: 34305614 PMCID: PMC8298863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, which usually manifests as abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia. The disease often recurs and is difficult to cure. At present, the pathogenesis is not clear, but it is believed that the disease is caused by a complex interaction among immunity, heredity, environment and intestinal microflora disorders. MicroRNA (miRNA) is endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNA of 17–25 nucleotides (nts). They target the 3'Untranslated Region of a target gene and inhibit or degrade the target gene according to the extent of complementary bases. As important gene expression regulators, miRNAs are involved in regulating the expression of most human genes, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases including UC. Studies in recent years have illustrated that abnormal expression of miRNA occurs very early in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, this abnormal expression is highly related to disease activity of UC and colitis-associated cancer, and involves virtually all key UC-related mechanisms, such as immunity and intestinal microbiota dysregulation. Recently, it was discovered that miRNA is highly stable outside the cell in the form of microvesicles, exosomes or apoptotic vesicles, which raises the possibility that miRNA may serve as a novel diagnostic marker for UC. In this review, we summarize the biosynthetic pathway and the function of miRNA, and summarize the usefulness of miRNA for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of UC. Then, we described four types of miRNAs involved in regulating the mechanisms of UC occurrence and development: 1) miRNAs are involved in regulating immune cells; 2) affect the intestinal epithelial cells barrier; 3) regulate the homeostasis between gut microbiota and the host; and 4) participate in the formation of tumor in UC. Altogether, we aim to emphasize the close relationship between miRNA and UC as well as to propose that the field has value for developing potential biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Shen
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Center for Health Policy & Drug Affairs Operation Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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30
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Yang S, He X, Zhao J, Wang D, Guo S, Gao T, Wang G, Jin C, Yan Z, Wang N, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Xing J, Huang Q. Mitochondrial transcription factor A plays opposite roles in the initiation and progression of colitis-associated cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:695-714. [PMID: 34160895 PMCID: PMC8360642 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are key regulators in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Alterations in mitochondrial function are closely associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), a key regulator of mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication, is involved in the initiation and progression of colitis‐associated cancer (CAC). Methods TFAM expression was examined in tissue samples of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and CAC by immunohistochemistry. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)‐specific TFAM‐knockout mice (TFAM△IEC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with TFAM knockdown or overexpression were used to evaluate the role of TFAM in colitis and the initiation and progression of CAC. The underlying mechanisms of TFAM were also explored by analyzing mitochondrial respiration function and biogenesis. Results The expression of TFAM was downregulated in active IBD and negatively associated with the disease activity. The downregulation of TFAM in IECs was induced by interleukin‐6 in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/miR‐23b‐dependent manner. In addition, TFAM knockout impaired IEC turnover to promote dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Of note, TFAM knockout increased the susceptibility of mice to azoxymethane/DSS‐induced CAC and TFAM overexpression protected mice from intestinal inflammation and colitis‐associated tumorigenesis. By contrast, TFAM expression was upregulated in CAC tissues and contributed to cell growth. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that β‐catenin induced the upregulation of TFAM through c‐Myc in CRC cells. Mechanistically, TFAM promoted the proliferation of both IECs and CRC cells by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and activity. Conclusions TFAM plays a dual role in the initiation and progression of CAC, providing a novel understanding of CAC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Dalin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Qichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
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Wang K, Ding Y, Xu C, Hao M, Li H, Ding L. Cldn-7 deficiency promotes experimental colitis and associated carcinogenesis by regulating intestinal epithelial integrity. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1923910. [PMID: 34026335 PMCID: PMC8118418 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1923910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier protects intestine from infection and injury, while chronic inflammation is a trigger for tumorigenesis. As a member of tight junctions (TJs) family, Claudin-7 (Cldn-7) is dedicated to maintaining cell polarity and TJs barrier integrity, and closely related to the development of inflammation and tumors. However, potential roles of Cldn-7 in intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) have not been well characterized in vivo. Here, we analyzed the expression profile of Cldn-7 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and CAC. Colitis and colitis-cancer transformation models were established based on inducible intestinal conditional Cldn-7 gene knockout mice (Cldn7fl/fl;villin-CreERT2), by intraperitoneal injection of azomethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) feeding. Cldn-7 knockout promoted susceptibility to colitis and CAC, aggravated clinical symptoms, severely damaged intestinal epithelium, increased mucosal inflammation accompanied dysregulated cell proliferation-apoptosis. Epithelial barrier integrity was destroyed, and intercellular permeability was increased. After AOM/DSS induction, tumor burden and volume were increased, characterized by enhanced proliferation and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Cldn-7 deficiency promoted colitis and subsequently malignant transformation by destroying TJs integrity and increasing inflammatory cascade. Overall, based on Cldn-7 knockout mouse model, we have first demonstrated the key roles of Cldn-7 in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and preventing IBD and consequent CAC. Abbreviations: AJs: adherens junctions; AOM: azomethane; Cldn-7: Claudin-7; CRC: colorectal cancer; CAC: colitis-associated colorectal cancer; CD: Crohn's disease; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; DAI: disease activity index; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FITC: fluorescence isothiocyanate; HB: hemoglobin; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IECs: intestinal epithelial cells; ISCs: intestinal stem cells; PLT: platelet; RBC: red blood cell; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TAM: tamoxifen; TJs: tight junctions; TCF/LEF: T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor; UC: ulcerative colitis; WBC: white blood cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Ding
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zhu HC, Jia XK, Fan Y, Xu SH, Li XY, Huang MQ, Lan ML, Xu W, Wu SS. Alisol B 23-Acetate Ameliorates Azoxymethane/Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Male Murine Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer via Modulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Improving Intestinal Barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:640225. [PMID: 33996624 PMCID: PMC8117151 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.640225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hunting for natural compounds that can modulate the structure of the intestinal flora is a new hotspot for colitis‐associated cancer (CAC) prevention or treatment. Alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) is a natural tetracyclic triterpenoid found in Alismatis rhizoma which is well known for dietary herb. Alismatis rhizoma is often used clinically to treat gastrointestinal diseases in China. In this study, we investigated the potential prevention of AB23A in male mouse models of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CAC. AB23A intervention alleviated the body weight loss, disease activity index, colon tumor load, tissue injury, and inflammatory cytokine changes in CAC mice. AB23A intervention leads to remarkable reductions in the activation of TLR, NF-κB and MAPK. AB23A significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK and up-regulated mucin-2 and the expression of tight junction proteins. The gut microbiota of AB23A-interfered mice was characterized with high microbial diversity, the reduced expansion of pathogenic bacteria, such as Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Akkermansia, and the increased growth of bacteria including Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Alloprevotella. These data reveal that AB23A has the potential to be used to treat CAC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Chang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Liu Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shui-Sheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Li M, Huang T, Li X, Shi Z, Sheng Y, Hu M, Song K. GDC-0575, a CHK1 Inhibitor, Impairs the Development of Colitis and Colitis-Associated Cancer by Inhibiting CCR2 + Macrophage Infiltration in Mice. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2661-2672. [PMID: 33897258 PMCID: PMC8058335 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s297132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) plays an important role in DNA damage response and cell cycle progression. Thus, targeting CHK1 is an efficient strategy for cancer therapy. Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of GDC-0575, a CHK1-specific inhibitor, in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and colitis. Methods We established a DSS-induced acute colitis model and an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC model using mice and tested the effect of GDC-0575 on them. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were employed to investigate the infiltration of immune cells, and inflammatory cytokine expression in the colon of mice with CAC or colitis was investigated using ELISA and qPCR. We also investigated the correlation between CHK1 and CCL2/CCR2 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Results Administration of GDC-0575 significantly inhibited CHK1 expression in the colon and dramatically impaired the development of CAC and colitis in mice. Moreover, the inhibition of CHK1 expression resulted in efficient inhibition of infiltration by iNOS-positive macrophages, but had no significant effect on CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Significant downregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and dramatic upregulation of IL-10 were observed in the colons of both mice with CAC and colitis treated with GDC-0575. CCL2 expression was also downregulated by GDC-0575 in both mice with CAC and colitis; this was followed by the inhibition of CCR2+ macrophage infiltration in the colon. Furthermore, we report a positive correlation between CHK1 expression and CCL2/CCR2 expression in the malignant tissues of patients with CRC. Conclusion Taken together, we infer that GDC-0575 impairs the development of CAC and colitis by regulating cytokine expression and inhibiting CCR2+ macrophage infiltration in mice colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqing Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mimi Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
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Ma H, Wang J, Zhao X, Wu T, Huang Z, Chen D, Liu Y, Ouyang G. Periostin Promotes Colorectal Tumorigenesis through Integrin-FAK-Src Pathway-Mediated YAP/TAZ Activation. Cell Rep 2021; 30:793-806.e6. [PMID: 31968254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein involved in various inflammatory diseases and tumor metastasis; however, evidence regarding whether and how periostin actively contributes to inflammation-associated tumorigenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that periostin deficiency significantly inhibits the occurrence of colorectal cancer in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in ApcMin/+ mice. Moreover, periostin deficiency attenuates the severity of colitis and reduces the proliferation of tumor cells. Mechanistically, stromal fibroblast-derived periostin activates FAK-Src kinases through integrin-mediated outside-in signaling, which results in the activation of YAP/TAZ and, subsequently, IL-6 expression in tumor cells. Conversely, IL-6 induces periostin expression in fibroblasts by activating STAT3, which ultimately facilitates colorectal tumor development. These findings provide the evidence that periostin promotes colorectal tumorigenesis, and identify periostin- and IL-6-mediated tumor-stroma interaction as a promising target for treating colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xueli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Dafan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yingfu Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Zhou G, Wu H, Lin J, Lin R, Feng B, Liu Z. TRIM21 Is Decreased in Colitis-associated Cancer and Negatively Regulates Epithelial Carcinogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:458-468. [PMID: 32860065 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM)21 is reported to be associated with the regulation of immune response in gut mucosa. Here we studied the underlying mechanisms of TRIM21 in the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). METHODS We analyzed TRIM21 expression in tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated cancer by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction and established a CAC model in TRIM21-∕- and wild type mice by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Associated gene expression of tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, tissue remodeling and angiogenesis, and inflammatory cytokines were examined in normal colon and CAC by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Expression of TRIM21 was found to be decreased in tumor tissues from patients with CRC and UC-associated cancer than that in controls, and TRIM21-∕- deficiency promoted AOM/DSS-induced CAC, characterized by more weight loss and multiple, large colon tumors in TRIM21-∕- mice. Moreover, associated gene expression of tumor cell proliferation (eg, Ki67), tissue remodeling and angiogenesis (eg, MMP10, HIF1-α, COX2, Ang4), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) markedly upregulated, whereas associated gene expression of tumor cell adhesion (E-cadherin) and inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-10, TGF-β, Foxp3, IFN-γ) downregulated in tumor tissues from TRIM21-/- mice compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS TRIM21 is decreased in colitis-associated cancer and negatively regulates intestinal epithelial carcinogenesis by modulating epithelial cell proliferation, adhesion, tissue remodeling and angiogenesis, and pro-inflammatory responses. Therefore, TRIM21 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for CAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ritian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Huang Q, Jacquelot N, Preaudet A, Hediyeh-zadeh S, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, McKenzie ANJ, Hansbro PM, Davis MJ, Mielke LA, Putoczki TL, Belz GT. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Protect against Colorectal Cancer Progression and Predict Improved Patient Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:559. [PMID: 33535624 PMCID: PMC7867134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. While the role of adaptive T cells in CRC is now well established, the role of innate immune cells, specifically innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), is not well understood. To define the role of ILCs in CRC we employed complementary heterotopic and chemically-induced CRC mouse models. We discovered that ILCs were abundant in CRC tumours and contributed to anti-tumour immunity. We focused on ILC2 and showed that ILC2-deficient mice developed a higher tumour burden compared with littermate wild-type controls. We generated an ILC2 gene signature and using machine learning models revealed that CRC patients with a high intratumor ILC2 gene signature had a favourable clinical prognosis. Collectively, our results highlight a critical role for ILC2 in CRC, suggesting a potential new avenue to improve clinical outcomes through ILC2-agonist based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Adele Preaudet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-zadeh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Center for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and the School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia;
| | - Melissa J. Davis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa A. Mielke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
| | - Tracy L. Putoczki
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T. Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia;
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Yuan Q, Gu J, Zhang J, Liu S, Wang Q, Tian T, Chen Z, Zhang J. MyD88 in myofibroblasts enhances colitis-associated tumorigenesis via promoting macrophage M2 polarization. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108724. [PMID: 33535045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal adaptor MyD88, an essential component of TLR signaling, plays an important role in gut-microbiome interactions. However, its contribution to colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is still controversial. Far less is known about the specific effects of MyD88 signaling in myofibroblasts in CAC development. Here, we used a CAC mouse model in which MyD88 was selectively depleted in myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast MyD88-deficient mice are resistant to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced tumorigenesis, as evidenced by the decrease in the number and sizes of tumors. MyD88 deficiency in myofibroblasts attenuates intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation after acute DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, MyD88 signaling in myofibroblasts increases the secretion of osteopontin (OPN), which promotes macrophage M2 polarization through binding to αvβ3 and CD44, leading to activation of the STAT3/PPARγ pathway. Thus, MyD88 signaling in myofibroblasts crucially contributes to colorectal cancer development and provides a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of colitis-associated carcinogenesis.
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Mizoguchi E, Subramaniam R, Okada T, Mizoguchi A. A Review of Selected IBD Biomarkers: From Animal Models to Bedside. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:207. [PMID: 33573291 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a dysregulated inflammatory condition induced by multiple factors. The etiology of IBD is largely unknown, and the disease progression and prognosis are variable and unpredictable with uncontrolled disease behavior. Monitoring the status of chronic colitis closely is challenging for physicians, because the assessment of disease activity and severity require invasive methods. Using laboratory biomarkers may provide a useful alternative to invasive methods in the diagnosis and management of IBD. Furthermore, patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease are also at risk of developing cancer. Annual colonoscopies can help lower the risk for developing colorectal cancer. However, laboratory biomarkers may also be helpful as non-invasive indicators in predicting treatment responses, improving prognosis, and predicting possible tumors. This review addresses selected laboratory biomarkers (including ANCA, chitinase 3-like 1, S100A12/RAGE, calprotectin, and TNF/TNFR2), which are identified by utilizing two well-accepted animal models of colitis, dextran sodium sulfate-induced and T cell receptor alpha knockout colitis models. In addition to being useful for monitoring disease severity, these biomarkers are associated with therapeutic strategies. The factors may regulate the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory factors in the gut.
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Song H, Tang X, Li X, Wang Y, Deng A, Wang W, Zhang H, Qin H, Wu L. HLJ2 Effectively Ameliorates Colitis-Associated Cancer via Inhibition of NF-κB and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4291-4302. [PMID: 33116416 PMCID: PMC7573331 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s262806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) accounts for approximately 15% of IBD patient mortalities. However, currently available anti-CAC drugs possess many disadvantages including safety, specificity and side effects. Therefore, the development of novel anti-CAC compounds is imperative. HLJ2 was a monomeric compound synthesized by our institute and reported to have an effect on ulcer colitis. Methods In vivo the AOM/DSS-induced CAC model was used to evaluate the effects of HLJ2 on ameliorating CAC symptoms, immunohistochemical analysis was used to analyze the pathological damage to colons and epithelial–mesenchymal transition was for changes of cytokines. In vitro, flow cytometric analysis, immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the inhibition effect of HLJ2 on nuclear factor-κB and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in TGF-β1-stimulated SW480 cells. Results In the AOM/DSS animal model, HLJ2 was demonstrated to inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-κB, levels of tumorigenesis-related proteins including snail, and finally inhibited a key step in metastasis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In vitro, HLJ2 was also shown to inhibit nuclear factor-κB and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in TGF-β1-stimulated SW480 cells in accordance with in vivo results. Meanwhile, the nuclear factor-κB inhibitor could interrupt the effect of HLJ2 on epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Discussion HLJ2 may ameliorate CAC through inhibiting nuclear factor-κB and then downstream epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The combination of the obvious improvement in effects on CAC without obvious side effects suggests that HLJ2 could be developed as a potential CAC therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - LianQiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Han YM, A Kang E, Min Park J, Young Oh J, Yoon Lee D, Hye Choi S, Baik Hahm K. Dietary intake of fermented kimchi prevented colitis-associated cancer. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:263-273. [PMID: 33293767 PMCID: PMC7705092 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kimchi is composed of various chemopreventive phytochemicals and profuse probiotics, defining kimchi as probiotic foods. Concerns had increased on the modulation of intestinal microbiota on various kinds of systemic diseases. Under the hypothesis that dietary intake of kimchi can be ideal intervention for either ameliorating colitis or preventing colitic cancer, we performed the study to validate the efficolitic cancery of fermented kimchi on preventing colitic cancer. Using azoxymethane-initiated and dextran sulfate sodium-promoted colitic cancer models, we have administrated fermented or non-fermented kimchi to modulate colitic cancer preemptively. Detailed molecular mechanisms were explored. Preemptive administration of fermented kimchi significantly afforded colitic cancer prevention through attenuating inflammasomes (IL-18, IL-1β, caspase-1), enhancing antioxidative (NQO1, GST-π), imposing anti-proliferative (Bax, caspase-3, β-catenin), and affording cytoprotective actions (HSP70, 15-PGDH), while non-fermented kimchi did not prevent colitic cancer. Special recipe cancer preventive kimchi (cpkimchi) was more effective compared to standard recipe fermented kimchi (p<0.01), while non-fermented kimchi (kimuchi) worsened colitic cancer development, telling the importance of fermentation in cancer prevention. Repression of NF-kB p65, induction of tumor suppressive 15-PGDH, and inactivation of ERK1/2 by cpkimchi contributed to colitic cancer prevention. Dietary intake of cpkimchi ameliorated colitis and prevented colitic cancer via concerted anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-mutagenic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, University-Industry Cooperate Building, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03759, Korea
| | - Eun A Kang
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea
| | - Jong Min Park
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- CJ Food Research Center, CJ Blossome Park, Gwangyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16495, Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Lee
- CJ Food Research Center, CJ Blossome Park, Gwangyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16495, Korea
| | - Seung Hye Choi
- CJ Food Research Center, CJ Blossome Park, Gwangyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16495, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea.,Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea
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41
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Josa V, Ferenczi S, Szalai R, Fuder E, Kuti D, Horvath K, Hegedus N, Kovacs T, Bagamery G, Juhasz B, Winkler Z, Veres DS, Zrubka Z, Mathe D, Baranyai Z. Thrombocytosis and Effects of IL-6 Knock-Out in a Colitis-Associated Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176218. [PMID: 32867390 PMCID: PMC7504541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing number of studies showing that thrombocytosis—accompanying a variety of solid tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC)—is associated with shorter survival and earlier development of metastases. The mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombocytosis are not completely understood yet. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of IL-6 in tumor development and thrombocytosis in mice with inflammation-induced CRC, using a CRISPR/cas9 IL-6 knockout (KO) strain. Adult male FB/Ant mice (n = 39) were divided into four groups: (1) IL-6 KO controls (n = 5); (2) IL-6 KO CRC model group (n = 18); (3) Wild-type (WT) controls (n = 6); and (4) WT CRC model group (n = 10). CRC model animals in (2) and (4) received azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment to induce inflammation-related CRC. Plasma and liver tissues were obtained to determine platelet counts, IL-6 and thrombopoietin-1 (TPO) levels. In 1 WT and 2 IL-6 KO mice in vivo confocal endomicroscopy and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI examinations were performed to evaluate the inflammatory burden and neoplastic transformation. At the end of the study, tumorous foci could be observed macroscopically in both CRC model groups. Platelet counts were significantly elevated in the WT CRC group compared to the IL-6 KO CRC group. TPO levels moved parallelly with platelet counts. In vivo fluorescent microscopy showed signs of disordered and multi-nuclear crypt morphology with increased mucus production in a WT animal, while regular mucosal structure was prominent in the IL-6 KO animals. The WT animal presented more intense and larger colonic FDG uptake than IL-6 KO animals. Our study confirmed thrombocytosis accompanying inflammation-related CRC and the crucial role of IL-6 in this process. Significantly higher platelet counts were found in the WT CRC group compared to both the control group and the IL-6 KO group. Concomitantly, the tumor burden of WT mice was also greater than that of IL-6 KO mice. Our findings are in line with earlier paraneoplastic IL-6 effect suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Josa
- Jahn Ferenc Del-pesti Korhaz es Rendelointezet, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Szilamer Ferenczi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (S.F.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (B.J.); (Z.W.)
| | - Rita Szalai
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Eniko Fuder
- Department of Pathology, Uzsoki utcai Hospital, 1145 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Daniel Kuti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (S.F.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (B.J.); (Z.W.)
| | - Krisztina Horvath
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (S.F.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (B.J.); (Z.W.)
| | - Nikolett Hegedus
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.H.); (D.S.V.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Ltd., 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, University of Pannonia, Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary;
| | - Gergo Bagamery
- Mediso Medical Imaging Systems Ltd., 1037 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Balazs Juhasz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (S.F.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (B.J.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Winkler
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (S.F.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (B.J.); (Z.W.)
| | - Daniel S. Veres
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.H.); (D.S.V.); (D.M.)
| | - Zsombor Zrubka
- University Research, Innovation and Service Center, University of Óbuda, 1034 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Domokos Mathe
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.H.); (D.S.V.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Ltd., 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Center for Excellence in Molecular Medicine, 6723 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
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42
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D'Antongiovanni V, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Benvenuti L, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L. The Adenosine System at the Crossroads of Intestinal Inflammation and Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5089. [PMID: 32708507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, resulting from the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Under adverse conditions, including hypoxia, ischemia, inflammation, or cancer, the extracellular levels of adenosine increase significantly. Once released, adenosine activates cellular signaling pathways through the engagement of the four known G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine A1 receptor subtype (A1), A2A, A2B, and A3. These receptors, expressed virtually on all immune cells, mitigate all aspects of immune/inflammatory responses. These immunosuppressive effects contribute to blunt the exuberant inflammatory responses, shielding cells, and tissues from an excessive immune response and immune-mediated damage. However, a prolonged persistence of increased adenosine concentrations can be deleterious, participating in the creation of an immunosuppressed niche, ideal for neoplasia onset and development. Based on this evidence, the present review has been conceived to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the involvement of adenosine system in shaping the molecular mechanisms underlying the enteric chronic inflammation and in promoting the generation of an immunosuppressive niche useful for the colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Eom YW, Akter R, Li W, Lee S, Hwang S, Kim J, Cho MY. M1 Macrophages Promote TRAIL Expression in Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells, Which Suppresses Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer by Increasing Apoptosis of CD133 + Cancer Stem Cells and Decreasing M2 Macrophage Population. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113887. [PMID: 32485960 PMCID: PMC7312348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) cultured at high cell density can induce cancer cell death through the expression of type I interferons and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligands (TRAIL). Here, we investigated whether TRAIL-expressing ASCs induced by M1 macrophages can alleviate colitis-associated cancer in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) animal model. M1 macrophages significantly increased the TRAIL expression in ASCs, which induced the apoptosis of LoVo cells in a TRAIL-dependent manner. However, CD133knockout LoVo cells, generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system, were resistant to TRAIL. In the AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer model, the intraperitoneal transplantation of TRAIL-expressing ASCs significantly suppressed colon cancer development. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining revealed a low CD133 expression in tumors from the AOM/DSS + ASCs group when compared with tumors from the untreated group. Additionally, the ASC treatment selectively reduced the number of M2 macrophages in tumoral (45.7 ± 4.2) and non-tumoral mucosa (30.3 ± 1.5) in AOM/DSS + ASCs-treated animals relative to those in the untreated group (tumor 71.7 ± 11.2, non-tumor 94.3 ± 12.5; p < 0.001). Thus, TRAIL-expressing ASCs are promising agents for anti-tumor therapy, particularly to alleviate colon cancer by inducing the apoptosis of CD133+ cancer stem cells and decreasing the M2 macrophage population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea; (Y.W.E.); (S.H.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea; (R.A.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Wanlu Li
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea; (R.A.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea; (R.A.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Soonjae Hwang
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea; (Y.W.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Jiye Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea;
| | - Mee-Yon Cho
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea; (R.A.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-731-1553
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Tian R, Liu X, Luo Y, Jiang S, Liu H, You F, Zheng C, Wu J. Apoptosis Exerts a Vital Role in the Treatment of Colitis-Associated Cancer by Herbal Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 32410986 PMCID: PMC7199713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-developed colorectal cancer, the pathogenesis of which involves the occurrence of apoptosis. Western drugs clinically applied to CAC are often single-targeted and exert many adverse reactions after long-term administration, so it is urgent to develop new drugs for the treatment of CAC. Herbal medicines commonly have multiple components with multiple targets, and most of them are low-toxicity. Some herbal medicines have been reported to ameliorate CAC through inducing apoptosis, but there is still a lack of systematic review. In this work, we reviewed articles published in Sci Finder, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and other databases in recent years by setting the keywords as apoptosis in combination with colitis-associated cancer. We summarized the herbal medicine extracts or their compounds that can prevent CAC by modulating apoptosis and analyzed the mechanism of action. The results show the following. (1) Herbal medicines regulate both the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor apoptosis pathway. (2) Herbal medicines modulate the above two apoptotic pathways by affecting signal transductions of IL-6/STAT3, MAPK/NF-κ B, Oxidative stress, Non-canonical TGF-β1, WNT/β-catenin, and Cell cycle, thereby ameliorating CAC. We conclude that following. (1) Studies on the role of herbal medicine in regulating apoptosis through the Ras/Raf/ERK, WNT/β-catenin, and Cell cycle pathways have not yet been carried out in sufficient depth. (2) The active constituents of reported anti-CAC herbal medicine mainly include polyphenols, terpenoids, and saccharide. Also, we identified other herbal medicines with the constituents mentioned above as their main components, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical use of herbal medicine in the treatment of CAC. (3) New dosage forms can be utilized to elevate the targeting and reduce the toxicity of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Dai G, Jiang Z, Sun B, Liu C, Meng Q, Ding K, Jing W, Ju W. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Prevents Colitis-Associated Cancer by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Oncol 2020; 10:721. [PMID: 32435622 PMCID: PMC7218129 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting inflammation in the intestinal tract renders individuals susceptible to colitis-associated cancer (CAC). The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a key role in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease and CAC. Therefore, identifying effective drugs that prevent CAC by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome is of great interest. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), THP-1 cells, and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colon cancer mouse model. We also investigated the anti-tumor mechanism of CAPE. We found that CAPE decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BMDMs and THP-1 cells and protected mice from colorectal cancer induced by AOM/DSS. CAPE regulated NLRP3 at the post-transcriptional level by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, CAPE did not affect NLRP3 or IL-1β transcription, but instead enhanced NLRP3 binding to ubiquitin molecules, promoting NLRP3 ubiquitination, and contributing to the anti-tumor effect in the AOM/DSS mouse model. Moreover, CAPE suppressed the interaction between NLRP3 and CSN5 but enhanced that between NLRP3 and Cullin1 both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that CAPE prevents CAC by post-transcriptionally inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, CAPE may be an effective candidate for reducing the risk of CAC in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhitao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Bingting Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Ding
- National Center of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Integrate Colorectal Oncology Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Jing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Hirano T, Hirayama D, Wagatsuma K, Yamakawa T, Yokoyama Y, Nakase H. Immunological Mechanisms in Inflammation-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3062. [PMID: 32357539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases are at an increased risk of developing colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Chronic inflammation positively correlates with tumorigenesis. Similarly, the cumulative rate of incidence of developing CAC increases with prolonged colon inflammation. Immune signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and IL-23/T helper 17 cell (Th17), have been shown to promote CAC tumorigenesis. In addition, gut microbiota contributes to the development and progression of CAC. This review summarizes the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis following colon inflammation to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in CAC tumorigenesis.
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Zhang Z, Dong L, Jia A, Chen X, Yang Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu R, Cao Y, He Y, Bi Y, Liu G. Glucocorticoids Promote the Onset of Acute Experimental Colitis and Cancer by Upregulating mTOR Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040945. [PMID: 32290362 PMCID: PMC7254274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids on colitis and colitis-associated cancer are unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic roles of glucocorticoids in acute experimental ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated cancer in mice and their immunoregulatory mechanisms. Murine acute ulcerative colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated with dexamethasone (Dex) at different doses. Dex significantly exacerbated the onset and severity of DSS-induced colitis and potentiated mucosal inflammatory macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, as well as cytokine production. Furthermore, under inflammatory conditions, the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) did not change significantly, while mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling was higher in colonic epithelial cells than in colonic immune cells. The deletion of mTOR in intestinal epithelial cells, but not that in myeloid immune cells, in mice significantly ameliorated the severe course of colitis caused by Dex, including weight loss, clinical score, colon length, pathological damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These data suggest that mTOR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells, mainly mTORC1, plays a critical role in the Dex-induced exacerbation of acute colitis and colitis-associated cancer. Thus, these pieces of evidence indicate that glucocorticoid-induced mTOR signaling in epithelial cells is required in the early stages of acute ulcerative colitis by modulating the dynamics of innate immune cell recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Anna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiuli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yufei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ruichen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yejin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-10-6694-8562 (Y.B.); +86-10-5880-0026 (G.L.); Fax: +86-10-6694-8562 (Y.B.); +86-10-5880-0026 (G.L.)
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Z.Z.); (L.D.); (A.J.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-10-6694-8562 (Y.B.); +86-10-5880-0026 (G.L.); Fax: +86-10-6694-8562 (Y.B.); +86-10-5880-0026 (G.L.)
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48
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Gröschel C, Prinz-Wohlgenannt M, Mesteri I, Karuthedom George S, Trawnicek L, Heiden D, Aggarwal A, Tennakoon S, Baumgartner M, Gasche C, Lang M, Marculescu R, Manhardt T, Schepelmann M, Kallay E. Switching to a Healthy Diet Prevents the Detrimental Effects of Western Diet in a Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Model. Nutrients 2019; 12. [PMID: 31877961 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease increases the odds of developing colitis-associated cancer. We hypothesized that Western-style diet (WD) aggravates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis-associated tumorigenesis and that switching to the standard AIN93G diet will ameliorate disease symptoms even after cancer initiation. Female BALB/c mice received either WD (WD group) or standard AIN93G diet (AIN group) for the whole experimental period. After five weeks, the mice received 12.5 mg/kg AOM intraperitoneally, followed by three DSS cycles. In one group of mice, the WD was switched to AIN93G the day before starting the first DSS cycle (WD/AIN group). Feeding the WD during the whole experimental period aggravated colitis symptoms, shortened the colon (p < 0.05), changed microbiota composition and increased tumor promotion. On molecular level, the WD reduced proliferation (p < 0.05) and increased expression of the vitamin D catabolizing enzyme Cyp24a1 (p < 0.001). The switch to the AIN93G diet ameliorated this effect, reflected by longer colons, fewer (p < 0.05) and smaller (p < 0.01) aberrant colonic crypt foci, comparable with the AIN group. Our results show that switching to a healthy diet, even after cancer initiation is able to revert the deleterious effect of the WD and could be an effective preventive strategy to reduce colitis symptoms and prevent tumorigenesis.
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49
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Wang Z, Hua W, Li C, Chang H, Liu R, Ni Y, Sun H, Li Y, Wang X, Hou M, Liu Y, Xu Z, Ji M. Protective Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Colitis and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer in Mice Is Associated With Treg Cells. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2498. [PMID: 31798539 PMCID: PMC6861520 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is the most serious outcome of inflammatory bowel disease, which has an alteration of commensal intestinal microbiota. However, the role of intestinal microbiota on CAC progression is not well-understood. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used for treating murine azoxymethane–dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS) model of CAC. Composition of gut microbiota during FMT treatment was analyzed. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the inflammatory factors, and immunofluorescence was applied to examine the phospho-nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65/p100 and Ki67-positive cells in the colons. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to analyze the immune cell after FMT treatment. Rehabilitation of the intestinal microbiota by FMT restored both the ratio and diversity of microbiota during CAC progression. Remarkably, a favorable morphometric outcome characterized by decreased tumor load and size was observed in CAC mice with FMT treatment. In addition, an anti-inflammatory function of FMT was demonstrated by decreasing pro-inflammatory factors but increasing anti-inflammatory factors through inhibiting canonical NF-κB activity and cellular proliferation in colons of CAC mice. The expression of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly increased after FMT treatment in CAC mice, but not T helper (Th)1/2/17 cells. Our study aids in the understanding of CAC pathogenesis and reveals a previously unrecognized role for FMT in the treatment of CAC through restoring the intestinal microbiota and inducing regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Hua
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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50
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Dai L, Liu Y, Yin Y, Li J, Dong Z, Chen N, Cheng L, Wang H, Fang C, Lin Y, Shi G, Zhang H, Fan P, Su X, Zhang S, Yang Y, Yang L, Huang W, Zhou Z, Yu D, Deng H. SARI suppresses colitis-associated cancer development by maintaining MCP-1-mediated tumour-associated macrophage recruitment. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:189-201. [PMID: 31578820 PMCID: PMC6933368 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARI (suppressor of AP‐1, regulated by IFN) impaired tumour growth by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis in various cancers. However, the role of SARI in regulating tumour‐associated inflammation microenvironment is still elusive. In our study, the colitis‐dependent and ‐independent primary model were established in SARI deficiency mice and immuno‐reconstructive mice to investigate the functional role of SARI in regulating tumour‐associated inflammation microenvironment and primary colon cancer formation. The results have shown that SARI deficiency promotes colitis‐associated cancer (CAC) development only in the presence of colon inflammation. SARI inhibited tumour‐associated macrophages (TAM) infiltration in colon tissues, and SARI deficiency in bone marrow cells has no observed role in the promotion of intestinal tumorigenesis. Mechanism investigations indicated that SARI down‐regulates p‐STAT1 and STAT1 expression in colon cancer cells, following inhibition of MCP‐1/CCR2 axis activation during CAC development. Inverse correlations between SARI expression and macrophage infiltration, MCP‐1 expression and p‐STAT1 expression were also demonstrated in colon malignant tissues. Collectively, our results prove the inhibition role of SARI in colon cancer formation through regulating TAM infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhexu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, West China Biobanks, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, West China Biobanks, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dechao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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