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Rossi GN, Salgado PA, Squassi AF. Effectiveness of different toothbrushing patterns among schoolchildren in an urban area of Argentina. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38590271 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify toothbrushing patterns among schoolchildren with no prior dental hygiene training and associate them with effectiveness for eliminating dental biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight calibrated dentists assessed dental biofilm, toothbrushing procedure and dental status and registered: grip, bristle angle with respect to tooth, type of movement, surfaces brushed, simultaneous brushing of both jaws, including all six sextants and duration of brushing dental biofilm before and after brushing was determined in 944 children. Frequency distribution was calculated for nominal variables and central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables of the toothbrushing procedure. Effectiveness was evaluated in 236 children by calculating differences between biofilm levels before and after brushing using Student's test. A cutoff value was established for the difference in reductions in biofilm levels by means of an ROC curve. RESULTS The variables including all 6 sextants and bristle angle showed positive association with biofilm reduction. The cutoff point for biofilm reduction for including all 6 sextants was 66.85% (OR 6.4 [3.6-11.38]). The cutoff value for biofilm reduction for bristle angle was 68.35% (OR 3.2 [1.83-5.8]). CONCLUSION The variables associated with biofilm reduction can be used to optimize the modality of future educational interventions in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda N Rossi
- Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Salgado
- Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldo F Squassi
- Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kornsombut N, Takenaka S, Sotozono M, Nagata R, Ida T, Manuschai J, Saito R, Takahashi R, Noiri Y. Antibiofilm Properties and Demineralization Suppression in Early Enamel Lesions Using Dental Coating Materials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:106. [PMID: 38275335 PMCID: PMC10812522 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dental coating materials on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. The test materials were PRG Barrier Coat (PRG), BioCoat Ca (BioC), and FluorDental Jelly (FluorJ). Bovine enamel specimens were demineralized to mimic early enamel lesions. The biofilm was developed on a specimen treated with one of the materials by using a modified Robbins device flow-cell system. Scanning electron and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, viable and total cell counts, and gene expression assessments of the antibiofilm were performed. Ion incorporation was analyzed using a wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyzer. All materials allowed biofilm formation but reduced its volume. FluorJ was the only material that inhibited biofilm accumulation and had a bactericidal effect, revealing 0.66 log CFU in viable cells and 1.23 log copy reduction in total cells compared with the untreated group after 24 h of incubation. The ions released from PRG varied depending on the element. BioC contributed to enamel remineralization by supplying calcium ions while blocking the acid produced from the biofilm. In summary, the dental coating materials physically prevented acid attacks from the biofilm while providing ions to the enamel to improve its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraya Kornsombut
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Maki Sotozono
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ryoko Nagata
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Takako Ida
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Jutharat Manuschai
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Rui Saito
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ryouhei Takahashi
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
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Leite KLDF, Martins ML, Monteiro ASN, Vieira TI, Alexandria AK, Rocha GM, Fonseca-Gonçalves A, Pithon MM, Cavalcanti YW, Maia LC. In-vitro effect of a single application of CPP-ACP pastes and different fluoridated solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets. Dental Press J Orthod 2024; 28:e2321383. [PMID: 38198388 PMCID: PMC10773443 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.6.e2321383.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the in-vitro effect of single applications of CPP-ACP pastes and different fluoridated solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets. MATERIAL AND METHODS Tooth/bracket sets (n=65) were immersed in artificial saliva (1h at 37ºC) and randomly subjected to single applications (100µL; 1min) of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP emulsion), CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACPF emulsion), solutions of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) or sodium fluoride (NaF), or no treatment (CG). Multispecies biofilm (5 x 105 CFU/mL) was formed in the presence of 2% sucrose. After 24 h, the pH and the concentration of total soluble fluoride (TSF) were analyzed by culture medium. The presence of active white spot lesions (WSL) evaluated by macroscopic examination and the percent surface mineral loss (%SML) were analyzed. Also, the topography of enamel was detected by analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was assessed by chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Fluoride-containing compounds led to a smaller pH reduction than did CPP-ACP and CG (p<0.05). There was difference in TSF between the groups (p<0.05), denoted as TiF4> NaF > CPP-ACPF > CPP-ACP > CG. Regarding the presence of WSL and %SML, the NaF group obtained lower values (p<0.05), while TiF4 and CPP-ACPF were similar (p>0.05). SEM demonstrated that fluoride-free groups had a larger surface dissolution. CONCLUSION Fluoridated groups including solutions and CPP-ACPF were more effective than CPP-ACP in reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets after a single application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Lorene de França Leite
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Mariana Leonel Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Amanda Souza Nunes Monteiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Thiago Isidro Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Adílis Kalina Alexandria
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Gustavo Miranda Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Andréa Fonseca-Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Matheus Melo Pithon
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Saúde (Jequié/BA, Brazil)
| | - Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Odontologia Clínica e Social (João Pessoa/PB, Brazil)
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
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Abdulkareem AA, Al-Taweel FB, Al-Sharqi AJ, Gul SS, Sha A, Chapple IL. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: from symbiosis to dysbiosis. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2197779. [PMID: 37025387 PMCID: PMC10071981 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2197779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary etiological agent for the initiation and progression of periodontal disease is the dental plaque biofilm which is an organized aggregation of microorganisms residing within a complex intercellular matrix. The non-specific plaque hypothesis was the first attempt to explain the role of the dental biofilm in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. However, the introduction of sophisticated diagnostic and laboratory assays has led to the realisation that the development of periodontitis requires more than a mere increase in the biomass of dental plaque. Indeed, multispecies biofilms exhibit complex interactions between the bacteria and the host. In addition, not all resident microorganisms within the biofilm are pathogenic, since beneficial bacteria exist that serve to maintain a symbiotic relationship between the plaque microbiome and the host’s immune-inflammatory response, preventing the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms and the development of dysbiosis. This review aims to highlight the development and structure of the dental plaque biofilm and to explore current literature on the transition from a healthy (symbiotic) to a diseased (dysbiotic) biofilm in periodontitis and the associated immune-inflammatory responses that drive periodontal tissue destruction and form mechanistic pathways that impact other systemic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- CONTACT Ali A. Abdulkareem College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Firas B. Al-Taweel
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali J.B. Al-Sharqi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sarhang S. Gul
- College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Aram Sha
- College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Iain L.C. Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Robertsson C, Svensäter G, Davies JR, Bay Nord A, Malmodin D, Wickström C. Synergistic metabolism of salivary MUC5B in oral commensal bacteria during early biofilm formation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0270423. [PMID: 37855449 PMCID: PMC10715109 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02704-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The study of bacterial interactions and salivary-mediated regulation of early dental biofilm activity is of interest for understanding oral microbial adaptation to environmental cues and biofilm maturation. Findings in oral commensals can prove useful from the perspectives of both oral and systemic health of the host, as well as the understanding of general microbial biofilm physiology. The knowledge may provide a basis for the development of prognostic biomarkers, or development of new treatment strategies, related to oral health and disease and possibly also to other biofilm-induced conditions. The study is also an important step toward developing the methodology for similar studies in other species and/or growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Robertsson
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julia R. Davies
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Bay Nord
- Swedish NMR Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Malmodin
- Swedish NMR Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Wickström
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Seredin P, Goloshchapov D, Kashkarov V, Lukin A, Peshkov Y, Ippolitov I, Ippolitov Y, Litvinova T, Vongsvivut J, Chae B, Freitas RO. Changes in Dental Biofilm Proteins' Secondary Structure in Groups of People with Different Cariogenic Situations in the Oral Cavity and Using Medications by Means of Synchrotron FTIR-Microspectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15324. [PMID: 37895003 PMCID: PMC10607285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work unveils the idea that the cariogenic status of the oral cavity (the presence of active caries lesions) can be predicted via a lineshape analysis of the infrared spectral signatures of the secondary structure of proteins in dental biofilms. These spectral signatures that work as natural markers also show strong sensitivity to the application in patients of a so-called modulator-a medicinal agent (a pelleted mineral complex with calcium glycerophosphate). For the first time, according to our knowledge, in terms of deconvolution of the complete spectral profile of the amide I and amide II bands, significant intra- and intergroup differences were determined in the secondary structure of proteins in the dental biofilm of patients with a healthy oral cavity and with a carious pathology. This allowed to conduct a mathematical assessment of the spectral shifts in proteins' secondary structure in connection with the cariogenic situation in the oral cavity and with an external modulation. It was shown that only for the component parallel β-strands in the amide profile of the biofilm, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) change in its percentage weight (composition) was registered in a cariogenic situation (presence of active caries lesions). Note that no significant differences were detected in a normal situation (control) and in the presence of a carious pathology before and after the application of the modulator. The change in the frequency and percentage weight of parallel β-strands in the spectra of dental biofilms proved to be the result of the presence of cariogenic mutans streptococci in the film as well as of the products of their metabolism-glucan polymers. We foresee that the results presented here can inherently provide the basis for the infrared spectral diagnosis of changes (shifts) in the oral microbiome driven by the development of the carious process in the oral cavity as well as for the choice of optimal therapeutic treatments of caries based on microbiome-directed prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Seredin
- Department of Solid-State Physics and Nanostructures, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Dmitry Goloshchapov
- Department of Solid-State Physics and Nanostructures, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kashkarov
- Department of Solid-State Physics and Nanostructures, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anatoly Lukin
- Department of Solid-State Physics and Nanostructures, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Peshkov
- Department of Solid-State Physics and Nanostructures, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ivan Ippolitov
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry with Orthodontia, Voronezh State Medical University, 394006 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuri Ippolitov
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry with Orthodontia, Voronezh State Medical University, 394006 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Tatiana Litvinova
- Computational Semasiology Laboratory, Voronezh State Pedagogical University, 394043 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Australian Synchrotron (Synchrotron Light Source Australia Pty LTD), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Boknam Chae
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Beamline Research Division, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Raul O. Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
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Rikvold PT, Kambourakis Johnsen K, Leonhardt D, Møllebjerg A, Nielsen SM, Skov Hansen LB, Meyer RL, Schlafer S. A New Device for In Situ Dental Biofilm Collection Additively Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering and Vat Photopolymerization. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2023; 10:1036-1045. [PMID: 37886402 PMCID: PMC10599433 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Dental biofilms are complex medical biofilms that cause caries, the most prevalent disease of humankind. They are typically collected using handcrafted intraoral devices with mounted carriers for biofilm growth. As the geometry of handcrafted devices is not standardized, the shear forces acting on the biofilms and the access to salivary nutrients differ between carriers. The resulting variability in biofilm growth renders the comparison of different treatment modalities difficult. The aim of the present work was to design and validate an additively manufactured intraoral device with a dental bar produced by direct metal laser sintering and vat photopolymerized inserts with standardized geometry for the mounting of biofilm carriers. Additive manufacturing reduced the production time and cost, guaranteed an accurate fit of the devices and facilitated the handling of carriers without disturbing the biofilm. Biofilm growth was robust, with increasing thickness over time and moderate inter- and intraindividual variation (coefficients of variance 0.48-0.87). The biofilms showed the typical architecture and composition of dental biofilms, as evidenced by confocal microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Deeper inserts offering increased protection from shear tended to increase the biofilm thickness, whereas prolonged exposure to sucrose during growth increased the biofilm volume but not the thickness. Ratiometric pH imaging revealed considerable pH variation between participants and also inside single biofilms. Intraoral devices for biofilm collection constitute a new application for medical additive manufacturing and offer the best possible basis for studying the influence of different treatment modalities on biofilm growth, composition, and virulence. The Clinical Trial Registration number is: 1-10-72-193-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Thestrup Rikvold
- Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Kambourakis Johnsen
- Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Leonhardt
- Central Laboratory, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Møllebjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe Maria Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Sadighnia N, Arfaee F, Tavakoli A, Jahandideh A. Dextranase enzyme and Enterococcus faecium probiotic have anti-biofilm effects by reducing the count of bacteria in dental plaque in the oral cavity of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1525-1530. [PMID: 37380159 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.03.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease is a common clinical complication and has a negative impact on the quality of life and the welfare of companion dogs. Periodontal disease occurs when pathogenic bacteria are accumulated in the gingival sulcus, which favors biofilm formation. The oral health of dogs can be significantly compromised by dental plaque accumulation. Thus, this investigation demonstrates the effect of Enterococcus faecium probiotic, dextranase enzyme, and their combination on dental biofilm in the oral cavity of dogs. ANIMALS The 30 dogs were referred to Polyclinic with no oral ulcers, severe periodontitis, and internal diseases. PROCEDURES Dextranase enzyme, E faecium probiotic, and their combination were administered in the oral cavity of dogs. Microbiological samples were obtained from tooth surfaces and gums before and after intervention with the substances. Bacterial colonies were enumerated by using a colony counter. Also, Porphyromonas gingivalis hmuY gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS The total colony count of the bacterial culture indicated that the dextranase enzyme, E faecium probiotic, and their combination significantly reduced the total bacteria count in the oral cavity. Moreover, in the reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis it was observed that using the combination of E faecium probiotic and dextranase enzyme decreases the hmuY gene expression of P gingivalis bacteria. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results clearly indicated that the dextranase enzyme and E faecium probiotic could be used as preventive agents to reduce oral biofilm in dogs. Furthermore, no side effects were observed while using these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Sadighnia
- 1Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- 2Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Arfaee
- 3Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Tavakoli
- 4Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahandideh
- 5Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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De Angelis F, D’Ercole S, Di Giulio M, Vadini M, Biferi V, Buonvivere M, Vanini L, Cellini L, Di Lodovico S, D’Arcangelo C. In Vitro Evaluation of Candida albicans Adhesion on Heat-Cured Resin-Based Dental Composites. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5818. [PMID: 37687511 PMCID: PMC10488390 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial adhesion on dental restorative materials may jeopardize the restorative treatment long-term outcome. The goal of this in vitro study was to assess Candida albicans capability to adhere and form a biofilm on the surface of heat-cured dental composites having different formulations but subjected to identical surface treatments and polymerization protocols. Three commercially available composites were evaluated: GrandioSO (GR), Venus Diamond (VD) and Enamel Plus HRi Biofunction (BF). Cylindrical specimens were prepared for quantitative determination of C. albicans S5 planktonic CFU count, sessile cells CFU count and biomass optical density (OD570 nm). Qualitative Concanavalin-A assays (for extracellular polymeric substances of a biofilm matrix) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses (for the morphology of sessile colonies) were also performed. Focusing on planktonic CFU count, a slight but not significant reduction was observed with VD as compared to GR. Regarding sessile cells CFU count and biomass OD570 nm, a significant increase was observed for VD compared to GR and BF. Concanavalin-A assays and SEM analyses confirmed the quantitative results. Different formulations of commercially available resin composites may differently interact with C. albicans. The present results showed a relatively more pronounced antiadhesive effect for BF and GR, with a reduction in sessile cells CFU count and biomass quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Angelis
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Mirco Vadini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Virginia Biferi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Matteo Buonvivere
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | | | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Camillo D’Arcangelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
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10
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Ostadhossein F, Moitra P, Alafeef M, Sar D, D’Souza S, Benig LF, Nelappana M, Huang X, Soares J, Zhang K, Pan D. Ensemble and single-particle level fluorescent fine-tuning of carbon dots via positional changes of amines toward "supervised" oral microbiome sensing. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:082807. [PMID: 37427335 PMCID: PMC10324603 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.082807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Significance Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted a host of research interest in recent years mainly due to their unique photoluminescence (PL) properties that make them applicable in various biomedical areas, such as imaging and image-guided therapy. However, the real mechanism underneath the PL is a subject of wide controversy and can be investigated from various angles. Aim Our work investigates the effect of the isomeric nitrogen position as the precursor in the synthesis of CDs by shedding light on their photophysical properties on the single particles and ensemble level. Approach To this end, we adopted five isomers of diaminopyridine (DAP) and urea as the precursors and obtained CDs during a hydrothermal process. The various photophysical properties were further investigated in depth by mass spectroscopy. CD molecular frontier orbital analyses aided us in justifying the fluorescence emission profile on the bulk level as well as the charge transfer processes. As a result of the varying fluorescent responses, we indicate that these particles can be utilized for machine learning (ML)-driven sensitive detection of oral microbiota. The sensing results were further supported by density functional theoretical calculations and docking studies. Results The generating isomers have a significant effect on the overall photophysical properties at the bulk/ensembled level. On the single-particle level, although some of the photophysical properties such as average intensity remained the same, the overall differences in brightness, photo-blinking frequency, and bleaching time between the five samples were conceived. The various photophysical properties could be explained based on the different chromophores formed during the synthesis. Overall, an array of CDs was demonstrated herein to achieve ∼100% separation efficacy in segregating a mixed oral microbiome culture in a rapid (<0.5 h), high-throughput manner with superior accuracy. Conclusions We have indicated that the PL properties of CDs can be regulated by the precursors' isomeric position of nitrogen. We emancipated this difference in a rapid method relying on ML algorithms to segregate the dental bacterial species as biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, State College, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Maha Alafeef
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, State College, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dinabandhu Sar
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Shannon D’Souza
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Lily F. Benig
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Michael Nelappana
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Xuedong Huang
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai, China
| | - Julio Soares
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Kai Zhang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, State College, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Materials Research Institute, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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11
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Rudin L, Bornstein MM, Shyp V. Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence factors of cariogenic oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans by natural flavonoid phloretin. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2230711. [PMID: 37416858 PMCID: PMC10321187 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2230711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effect and mechanism of action of the flavonoid phloretin on the growth and sucrose-dependent biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration, viability, and biofilm susceptibility assays were conducted to assess antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of phloretin. Biofilm composition and structure were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Water-soluble (WSG) and water-insoluble glucan (WIG) were determined using anthrone method. Lactic acid measurements and acid tolerance assay were performed to assess acidogenicity and aciduricity. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of virulence genes essential for surface attachment, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing. Results Phloretin inhibited S. mutans growth and viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it reduced gtfB and gtfC gene expression, correlating with the reduction of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS)/bacteria and WIG/WSG ratio. Inhibition of comED and luxS gene expression, involved in stress tolerance, was associated with compromised acidogenicity and aciduricity of S. mutans. Conclusions Phloretin exhibits antibacterial properties against S. mutans, modulates acid production and tolerance, and reduces biofilm formation. Clinical significance Phloretin is a promising natural compound with pronounced inhibitory effect on key virulence factors of the cariogenic pathogen, S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Rudin
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael M. Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Head of the Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel. Mattenstrasse 40, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriya Shyp
- Postdoctoral Researcher. Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel. Mattenstrasse 40, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Leite KLDF, Martins ML, Dias MDO, Tavares FOM, Justino IBDS, Cabral LM, Neves ADA, Cavalcanti YW, Maia LC. In vitro and in situ caries-preventive effect of a new combined fluoride and calcium experimental nanocomposite solution. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:119-128. [PMID: 37466519 PMCID: PMC10355272 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the in vitro and in situ effect of experimental combined fluoride and calcium nanocomposite solutions on dental caries prevention. Nanocompound mesoporous silica (MS) with calcium (Ca) and sodium fluoride (NaF) - (MSCaNaF); MS with NaF (MSNaF), NaF solution (positive control), and deionized water (negative control - CG) were studied. The specimens (n=130) were submitted in vitro to a multispecies biofilm in the presence of 2% sucrose. After 24 h and 48 h, the culture medium pH, the percent of surface mineral loss (%SML), and lesion depth (ΔZ) were analyzed. In the in situ study, 10 volunteers participated in four phases of 7-days each. The products were applied on the specimens (n=240) before 20% sucrose solution drips. The polysaccharides (SEPS and IEPS), %SML and roughness (Sa) were evaluated. There was an in vitro decrease in pH values in 24h and 48h, compared to baseline. The MSCaNaF and MSNaF groups obtained lower values of %SML and ΔZ (p < 0.05) than CG and NaF after 24h and were similar to NaF after 48h (p<0.05). In situ results showed similar SEPS and IEPS among all groups after 48h. An after 7-days, the nanocomposites had similar values (p>0.05), while NaF was similar to CG (p>0.05). After 48h, the MSCaNaF and MSNaF reduced the %SML (p<0.05). After 7-days, both experimental nanocomposites were similar to NaF (p>0.05). Regarding Sa, MSCaNaF was better than NaF for both periods (p<0.05). The nanocomposites controlled the in vitro and in situ enamel demineralization, mainly in the initial periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Lorene de França Leite
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of
Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Leonel Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of
Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Millene de Oliveira Dias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of
Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Miranda Tavares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of
Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of
Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of
Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Begić G, Badovinac IJ, Karleuša L, Kralik K, Cvijanovic Peloza O, Kuiš D, Gobin I. Streptococcus salivarius as an Important Factor in Dental Biofilm Homeostasis: Influence on Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Mixed Biofilm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087249. [PMID: 37108414 PMCID: PMC10139097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A disturbed balance within the dental biofilm can result in the dominance of cariogenic and periodontopathogenic species and disease development. Due to the failure of pharmacological treatment of biofilm infection, a preventive approach to promoting healthy oral microbiota is necessary. This study analyzed the influence of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on the development of a multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus mutans, S. oralis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Four different materials were used: hydroxyapatite, dentin and two dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membranes. Total bacteria, individual species and their proportions in the mixed biofilm were quantified. A qualitative analysis of the mixed biofilm was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that in the presence of S. salivarius K 12 in the initial stage of biofilm development, the proportion of S. mutans was reduced, which resulted in the inhibition of microcolony development and the complex three-dimensional structure of the biofilm. In the mature biofilm, a significantly lower proportion of the periodontopathogenic species A. actinomycetemcomitans was found in the salivarius biofilm. Our results show that S. salivarius K 12 can inhibit the growth of pathogens in the dental biofilm and help maintain the physiological balance in the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrijela Begić
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jelovica Badovinac
- Faculty of Physics and Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ljerka Karleuša
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kralik
- Department of Medical Statistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Davor Kuiš
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Hospital Centre, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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14
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Saengphen T, Koontongkaew S, Utispan K. Effectiveness of a Combined Toothbrushing Technique on Cariogenic Dental Biofilm in Relation to Stainless Steel and Elastomeric Ligatures in Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11. [PMID: 36900736 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased dental biofilm commonly occurs during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combined toothbrushing method on dental biofilm cariogenicity in patients with stainless steel (SSL) and elastomeric (EL) ligatures. At baseline (T1), 70 participants were randomized (1:1 ratio) to the SSL or EL group. Dental biofilm maturity was evaluated using a three-color-disclosing dye. The participants were instructed to brush their teeth using a combined horizontal-Charters-modified Bass technique. Dental biofilm maturity was reassessed at the 4-week follow-up (T2). We found that at T1, new dental biofilm was the highest, followed by mature and cariogenic dental biofilm in the SSL group (p < 0.05). In the EL group, cariogenic dental biofilm was highly observed, followed by mature and new dental biofilm (p < 0.05). After intervention, cariogenic dental biofilm significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, a marked decrease in cariogenic dental biofilm was observed in the EL group compared with the SSL group (p < 0.05). However, the change in mature dental biofilm in the groups was similar (p > 0.05). Our results demonstrated that the combined toothbrushing method reduced cariogenic dental biofilm in the SSL and EL groups.
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15
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Ciurea A, Rednic NV, Soancă A, Micu IC, Stanomir A, Oneț D, Șurlin P, Filipescu I, Roman A, Stratul ȘI, Pamfil C. Current Perspectives on Periodontitis in Systemic Sclerosis: Associative Relationships, Pathogenic Links, and Best Practices. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050841. [PMID: 36899985 PMCID: PMC10000920 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmune, multisystemic disease characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix protein deposition and extreme progressive microvasculopathy. These processes lead to damage within the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract, but also to facial changes with physiognomic and functional alterations, and dental and periodontal lesions. Orofacial manifestations are common in SSc but are frequently overshadowed by systemic complications. In clinical practice, oral manifestations of SSc are suboptimally addressed, while their management is not included in the general treatment recommendations. Periodontitis is associated with autoimmune-mediated systemic diseases, including systemic sclerosis. In periodontitis, the microbial subgingival biofilm induces host-mediated inflammation with subsequent tissue damage, periodontal attachment, and bone loss. When these diseases coexist, patients experience additive damage, increasing malnutrition, and morbidity. The present review discusses the links between SSc and periodontitis, and provides a clinical guide for preventive and therapeutical approaches in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ciurea
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Voicu Rednic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Croitorilor St., No. 19, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrada Soancă
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Cristina Micu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Stanomir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Oneț
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petra Șurlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Petru Rareș St., No. 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ileana Filipescu
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor St., No. 2, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-722-627-488
| | - Ștefan Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Revoluției from 1989 St., No. 9, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Pamfil
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor St., No. 2, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Tran C, Khan A, Meredith N, Walsh LJ. Influence of eight debridement techniques on three different titanium surfaces: A laboratory study. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:238-250. [PMID: 35943293 PMCID: PMC10087144 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Debridement methods may damage implant surfaces. This in vitro study investigated eight debridement protocols across three implant surfaces to assess both biofilm removal and surface alterations. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred sixty commercially pure titanium discs were treated to simulate commercially available titanium implant surfaces-smooth, abraded and abraded and etched. Following inoculation with whole human saliva to create a mixed species biofilm, the surfaces were treated with eight debridement methods currently used for clinical peri-implantitis (n = 10). This included air abrasion using powders of glycine, sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate; conventional mechanical methods-piezoelectric scaler, carbon and stainless steel scalers; and a chemical protocol using 40% citric acid. Following treatment, remaining biofilm was analysed using scanning electron microscopy and crystal violet assays. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was applied (p < 0.05). RESULTS All debridement techniques resulted in greater than 80% reduction in biofilm compared with baseline, irrespective of the surface type. Glycine powder delivered through an air polishing system eliminated the most biofilm. Mechanical instruments were the least effective at eliminating biofilm across all surfaces and caused the greatest surface alterations. Citric acid was comparable with mechanical debridement instruments in terms of biofilm removal efficacy. Titanium surfaces were least affected by air abrasion protocols and most affected by mechanical methods. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical protocols for non-surgical debridement should be approached with caution. Glycine powder in an air polisher and 40% citric acid application both gave minimal alterations across all implant surfaces, with glycine the superior method in terms of biofilm removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Tran
- The University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ambereen Khan
- The University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Laurence J Walsh
- The University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Barajas-Torres GC, Klünder-Klünder M, Garduño-Espinosa J, Parra-Ortega I, Franco-Hernández MI, Miranda-Lora AL. Effects of Carbonated Beverage Consumption on Oral pH and Bacterial Proliferation in Adolescents: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1776. [PMID: 36362931 PMCID: PMC9696556 DOI: 10.3390/life12111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugary soft drinks modify salivary pH and favor bacterial proliferation and are associated with the development of caries. Information on the effects of consuming carbonated drinks without sucrose is limited. Methods: In this crossover clinical trial, salivary and dental biofilm pH were determined at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after the participants (n = 18) ingested a soft drink with sucrose, a soft drink with aspartame/acesulfame K, carbonated water, and plain water on different days. Dental biofilm cultures were conducted at 0- and 120-min. Results: Salivary pH decreased significantly after ingestion of the sucrose-containing soft drink when compared with the other types of beverages (median difference, -0.3--0.4, p ≤ 0.05), and the greatest difference was found with mineral water. A greater bacterial proliferation (Colony Forming Units [CFU]) was observed after ingestion of the drink with sucrose (↑310 × 103 CFU, p ≤ 0.01), followed by the drink with aspartame/acesulfame K (↑160 × 103 CFU, p ≤ 0.01) and carbonated water (↑60 × 103 CFU, p ≤ 0.05). No significant changes in bacterial proliferation were observed after the consumption of natural water. Conclusions: Ingestion of sucrose-containing soft drinks favors the acidification of salivary pH and the bacterial proliferation of dental biofilm. Although to a lesser extent, soft drinks containing aspartame/acesulfame K also favor bacterial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Carolina Barajas-Torres
- Departamento de Investigación Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Departamento de Gestión de la Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Juan Garduño-Espinosa
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Franco-Hernández
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - América Liliana Miranda-Lora
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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18
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Theodorea CF, Diven S, Hendrawan D, Djais AA, Bachtiar BM, Widyarman AS, Seneviratne CJ. Characterization of Oral Veillonella Species in Dental Biofilms in Healthy and Stunted Groups of Children Aged 6-7 Years in East Nusa Tenggara. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13998. [PMID: 36360876 PMCID: PMC9656475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Impaired development that causes stunting is one of the most common health problems in Indonesia. In particular, the highest number of cases of stunting in Indonesia was reported in the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province. Previous studies have shown a tendency for deteriorating oral hygiene in children with a poor nutritional status. In addition, a higher proportion of oral Veillonella has been reported in children with poor oral hygiene. However, the relationship between populations of oral Veillonella and stunting has not been studied before. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the oral Veillonella profile in the dental biofilms of healthy and stunted children aged 6-7 years. The participants were 60 elementary school students in the Nangapanda District, Ende, NTT, Indonesia. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine dental biofilm samples from the healthy (n = 31) and stunted (n = 29) groups. The results revealed that seven oral Veillonella species were found in all groups. However, the number of four oral Veillonella species significantly differed between the healthy and stunted groups: V. denticariosi, V. infantium, V. rogosae, and V. tobetsuensis. This is the first study to demonstrate a potential association between oral Veillonella species and stunting in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Fragrantia Theodorea
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Central Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Saint Diven
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Devin Hendrawan
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ariadna Adisattya Djais
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Central Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Boy Muchlis Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Central Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jalan Kyai Tapa No. 1, West Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Thanetchaloempong W, Koontongkaew S, Utispan K. Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Increases Cariogenicity and Virulence Gene Expression in Dental Biofilm. J Clin Med 2022; 11. [PMID: 36233727 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries commonly occurs during orthodontic treatment because fixed appliances can impede effective oral hygiene practices. This study investigated the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on dental biofilm maturity and virulence gene (gtfB, ldh, brpA, spaP, luxS, and gbpB) expression. Methods: Dental biofilms and virulence gene expression were determined in 24 orthodontic patients before and after treatment of ≥6 months. A three-tone disclosing gel was used to stain dental biofilm and assess its maturity by its color change—pink (new dental biofilm), purple (mature dental biofilm), and light blue (cariogenic dental biofilm). Gene expression levels were determined using real-time PCR. Results: After fixed orthodontic appliance insertion, the percentage of new dental biofilm decreased, whereas that of cariogenic dental biofilm significantly increased (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of mature dental biofilm (p > 0.05). Fixed orthodontic appliances increased gtfB, ldh, brpA, and gbpB gene expression above 1.5-fold in dental biofilm. In contrast, there was no change in spaP or luxS gene expression after treatment. Conclusions: Fixed orthodontic appliance insertion induced ecological changes and cariogenic virulence gene expression in dental biofilm.
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Zúñiga I, Iniesta M, Virto L, Ribeiro-Vidal H, Alonso-Español A, Hernández F, Cardona JJ, Maher-Lavandero A, Alonso B, Sanz M, Herrera D. Dental Biofilm Removal and Bacterial Contamination of a New Doubled-Side Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Based Toothbrush: A Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36289954 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple toothbrush designs have been developed to enhance dental biofilm removal and decrease bacterial contamination and retention over time. Therefore, the aim of this clinical study was to compare the efficacy of a prototype of a new double-sided thermoplastic polyurethane-based toothbrush with that of a conventional nylon-bristle toothbrush. A crossover study was conducted in systemically healthy volunteers (n = 24) for two one-week periods plus one washout week. As outcome variables, plaque and gingival indices, total bacterial contamination of the toothbrushes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and patient-reported outcomes were measured. Clinical and microbiological variables were analysed using a general linear model and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. No statistically significant differences between toothbrushes were detected neither for full-mouth PlI (p > 0.05) nor for GI (p > 0.05). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were detected for bacterial contamination after 40 seconds or 1 week of use, with results expressed either in CFU/mL or in CFU/mm2 (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the tested prototype toothbrush was as effective and safe as the control toothbrush, and the participating subjects did not experience any adverse effects from its use and rated its efficiency and effectiveness in cleaning their teeth as satisfactory.
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Zhang Z, Yang Y, Sun Q, Zeng W, Li Y. Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of Cariogenic Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans by Shikimic Acid. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0119922. [PMID: 35880891 PMCID: PMC9431622 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01199-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is known as an important oral pathogen causing dental caries, a widespread oral infectious disease. S. mutans synthesize exopolysaccharide (EPS) using glucosyltransferases (Gtfs), resulting in biofilm formation on the tooth surface. Bacterial cells in the biofilms become strongly resistant to a harsh environment, such as antibiotics and host defense mechanisms, making biofilm-based infections difficult to eliminate. Discovering novel antibiofilm agents, especially from natural products, helps to develop effective strategies against this kind of diseases. The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of shikimic acid (SA), one abundant compound derived from Illicium verum extract, on the biofilm formation of S. mutans. We found SA can reduce the EPS synthesized by this oral pathogen and modulate the transcription of biofilm formation related genes, leading to fewer bacterial cells in its biofilm. SA also interacted with cell membrane and membrane proteins, causing damage to bacterial cells. Ex vivo testing of biofilm formation on bovine teeth showed SA strongly decreased the number of S. mutans cells and the number of EPS accumulated on dental enamel surfaces. Moreover, SA exhibits almost no toxicity to human oral cells evaluated by in vitro biocompatibility assay. In conclusion, shikimic acid exhibits remarkable antibiofilm activity against S. mutans and has the potential to be further developed as a novel anticaries agent. IMPORTANCE Natural products are an important and cost-effective source for screening antimicrobial agents. Here, we identified one compound, shikimic acid, from Illicium verum extract, exhibiting antimicrobial activity against S. mutans proliferation. It also inhibits biofilm formation of this bacteria through decreasing Gtf expression and EPS synthesis. Furthermore, this compound exhibits no significant cytotoxicity at its MIC against S. mutans, providing evidence for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weicai Zeng
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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An HR, Choi JS. Association between Handgrip Strength and Periodontitis in Korean Adults Aged ≥30 Years: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2015). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10598. [PMID: 36078312 PMCID: PMC9518510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2015 database to analyze the association between periodontitis and handgrip strength, a representative measure of hand impairment and function, in adults aged ≥30 years. The data of 5926 adults (male: 2766, females: 3160) who underwent handgrip strength and periodontal tissue examination and had neither rheumatoid arthritis nor osteoarthritis were analyzed. Handgrip strength was assessed using a digital grip strength dynamometer. The average values of the right handgrip strength, calculated separately by sex and age group (five 10-year age groups), were used as the cut-off for reduced handgrip strength. Periodontal status was evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index, defining scores ≥ 3 as periodontitis. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the differences in the prevalence of periodontitis according to handgrip strength. In the final regression model adjusted for risk factors for periodontitis, the likelihood of periodontitis decreased as the level of handgrip strength increased (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that handgrip strength may be a valuable indicator of periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryeong An
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Jun-Seon Choi
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
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23
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Commar BC, Danelon M, Panitente PA, Silva EVFD, Bitencourt SB, Barão VAR, Neto CLDMM, Goiato MC, Santos DMD. Effect of glaze and chlorhexidine on physical and mechanical properties of bis-acryl resin: An in situ study. Polim Med 2022; 52:93-99. [PMID: 36504451 DOI: 10.17219/pim/156868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporary prosthesis protects the oral tissues, in addition to providing aesthetic look and masticatory function until a definitive prosthesis is manufactured. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of glaze and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) on the physical and mechanical properties of bis-acryl, and to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of CHX. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty specimens of bis-acryl resin were made. Over 40 of them the glaze was applied. One specimen with and 1 specimen without glaze were placed in niches of an appliance manufactured for each patient. Each of the 20 volunteers received 2 devices. Initially, the volunteers used one device and treated it with sucrose for 7 days (control), and later they used the other device and treated it with sucrose and CHX for 7 days (test). Color, microhardness, roughness, surface energy, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) tests were performed. All results were submitted to the Tukey's test, with the exception of the EPS results, which were submitted to the Student's t test. RESULTS The ΔE00 of the unglazed control group was significantly higher than that of the unglazed test group. In all groups, a significant decrease in microhardness occurred over time. At both times, the glaze significantly increased the microhardness of the specimens (in all the glazed groups). At the final time, the test glaze group showed significantly higher microhardness compared with the control glaze group. Roughness in the groups without glaze increased significantly with CHX treatment over time. At both times, the glaze generated a significant reduction in roughness in the control and test groups. There was a significant reduction in surface energy over time in all groups. In most comparisons, the glazed groups showed significantly higher surface energy values compared with the unglazed control group. At the final time point, the unglazed test group showed a significantly higher surface energy value than the unglazed control group; and the glazed test group showed a significantly higher surface energy value compared with the glazed control group. The resins that received CHX had a significantly lower amount of biofilm. CONCLUSIONS Color values were clinically acceptable in all tested groups. At both time points, the roughness values were clinically acceptable only in the glazed groups. Glaze increased the microhardness of the specimens. Microhardness and surface energy were reduced over time in all groups. Chlorhexidine can help prevent microhardness degradation. Glaze and CHX can increase surface energy. Chlorhexidine reduced the amount of bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Chairelo Commar
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Augusto Panitente
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Emily Vivianne Freitas Da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Sandro Basso Bitencourt
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Valentim Adelino Ricrdo Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Dentistry, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Coelho Goiato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Daniela Micheline Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
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Hihara H, Izumita K, Iwatsu M, Sato T, Tagaino R, Shobara K, Shinohara Y, Hatakeyama T, Kayaba C, Sato M, Tokue A, Sugawara T, Ashino K, Ikeda K, Aida J, Sasaki K. Clinical Trial for Evaluating the Effectiveness and Safety of a New Dental Plaque Removal Device: Microscale Mist Unit. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060825. [PMID: 35740231 PMCID: PMC9219637 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of a microscale mist unit (MSM-UNIT) that sprays high-speed fine water droplets to remove dental plaque adhering to the oral mucosa (tongue and palate) and tooth surface. Fifteen patients who had difficulty self-managing sufficient oral care were included in this study. Effectiveness was evaluated for at least five patients' tongues, palate mucosas, and tooth surfaces, and safety evaluation was conducted at all three sites for all patients. Effectiveness was evaluated using the rate of degree of dental plaque removal. Safety was evaluated using a numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain and symptoms of inflammation. An operator who performed treatment and an evaluator who evaluated effectiveness and safety were designated. In addition, an image judgment committee judged effectiveness. Although evaluation of the tongue varied between the evaluators and the image judgment committee, the rates of degree for all plaque removal increased in all regions. In addition, low pain NRS results and minimal symptoms of inflammation were observed and within an acceptable range. The MSM-UNIT can be used effectively and safely for removing oral plaque not only from teeth, but also from the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hihara
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-8369
| | - Kuniyuki Izumita
- Perioperative Oral Health Management, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Misato Iwatsu
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Tomoya Sato
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Ryo Tagaino
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
- Perioperative Oral Health Management, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Kenta Shobara
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Takanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Chie Kayaba
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Mariko Sato
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Ayako Tokue
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Tomoko Sugawara
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Kanamai Ashino
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
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Vale GC, Carvalho GAO, Hoogenkamp M, Exterkate R, Crielaard W, Ten Cate J. Effect of high-fluoride dentifrice on root dentine and bacterial composition in a multispecies biofilm model. Biofouling 2022; 38:348-354. [PMID: 35418275 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2065199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of high-fluoride dentifrice on dentine demineralization and bacterial composition in a multispecies biofilm model in vitro. A seven-organism bacterial consortium was grown on bovine dentine discs in a high-throughput active attachment model. The biofilms were submitted twice per day to the following dentifrices treatments: 5,000 ppm F, 1,100 ppm F, with placebo as a negative control. After 5 days of biofilm growth, dentine samples were assessed by transversal microradiography, the biofilm was collected for bacterial counts and the pH of the media was determined. Lower integrated mineral loss values were observed when 5,000 ppm F-treatment was used compared to the other treatments. Overall microbiological counts decreased with increasing F-concentration as well the pH of the media throughout the experiment. The 5,000 ppm F-treatment caused a shift in microbial composition and reduced dentine demineralization in the in-vitro experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Campos Vale
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Hoogenkamp
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Exterkate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Ten Cate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Cai JN, Choi HM, Song KY, Jeon JG. The reciprocal interaction between fluoride release of glass ionomers and acid production of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2055267. [PMID: 35341211 PMCID: PMC8956307 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2055267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate the mode of action of glass ionomers (G-Is) against cariogenic biofilms in the slow fluoride release phase by analyzing the reciprocal interaction between fluoride release from G-Is and acid production of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Methods G-Is discs in the slow fluoride release phase were prepared and 51 h-old S. mutans biofilms were formed on these discs. The interrelationship between the acid production of the biofilm and the fluoride release of the G-Is discs was investigated by analyzing both factors simultaneously during the biofilm formation period. The composition of the 51 h-old biofilms was then examined using microbiological, biochemical, and confocal laser scanning microscopic methods. Results Acid production by the cariogenic biofilm, particularly at < pH 5, promotes G-Is fluoride release. Conversely, G-Is fluoride release inhibits the acid production of the cariogenic biofilm. This reciprocal interaction results in the reduction of virulence such as extracellular polysaccharides formation and cariogenic biofilm bio-mass, which may reduce the potential of secondary caries development around G-Is. Conclusions These results suggest that G-Is may play a role in preventing the development of secondary caries during the slow fluoride release phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Na Cai
- Department of Oral Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hyeon-Mi Choi
- Department of Dentistry, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeob Song
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Jeon
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, BK21 Plus Program, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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27
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Babina K, Salikhova D, Polyakova M, Svitich O, Samoylikov R, Ahmad El-Abed S, Zaytsev A, Novozhilova N. The Effect of Oral Probiotics (Streptococcus Salivarius k12) on the Salivary Level of Secretory Immunoglobulin A, Salivation Rate, and Oral Biofilm: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:1124. [PMID: 35268099 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effect of oral probiotics containing the Streptococcus salivarius K12 strain on the salivary level of secretory immunoglobulin A, salivation rate, and oral biofilm. Thirty-one consenting patients meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-arm, parallel-group study and randomly divided into probiotic (n = 15) and placebo (n = 16) groups. Unstimulated salivation rate, concentration of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A, Turesky index, and Papillary-Marginal-Attached index were assessed after 4 weeks of intervention and 2 weeks of washout. Thirty patients completed the entire study protocol. We found no increase in salivary secretory immunoglobulin A levels and salivary flow rates in the probiotic group compared with placebo. Baseline and outcome salivary secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations (mg/L) were 226 ± 130 and 200 ± 113 for the probiotic group and 205 ± 92 and 191 ± 97 for the placebo group, respectively. A significant decrease in plaque accumulation was observed in the probiotic group at 4 and 6 weeks. Within the limitations of the present study, it may be concluded that probiotic intake (Streptococcus salivarius K12) does not affect salivation rates and secretory immunoglobulin A salivary levels but exhibits a positive effect on plaque accumulation. Trial registration NCT05039320. Funding: none.
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28
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Le N, Cheng H, Subhash H, Kilpatrick-Liverman L, Wang RK. Gingivitis resolution followed by optical coherence tomography and fluorescence imaging: A case study. J Biophotonics 2021; 14:e202100191. [PMID: 34453488 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gingivitis is highly prevalent in adults, and if left untreated, can progress to periodontitis. In this article, we present an interesting case study where the resolution of gingivitis was followed over a period of 10 days using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and light-induced autofluorescence (LIAF). We demonstrate that OCT and its functional angiography can distinctively capture the changes during the resolution of gingivitis; while LIAF can detect red-fluorescent signals associated with mature plaque present at the inflamed site. The acute inflammatory region showed evidence of angiogenesis based on the quantification of vessel density and number; while no angiogenesis was detected within the less inflamed region. Gingival thickness showed a reduction of 140 ± 26 μm on average, measured between the peak gingivitis event and the period wherein the inflammation was resolved. Vessels in the angiogenesis site was found to reduce exponentially. The mildly inflamed site showed a decreasing trend in the vessel size, which however was within the error of the measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Harrison Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hrebesh Subhash
- Clinical Method Development-Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Nassar R, Nassar M, Vianna ME, Naidoo N, Alqutami F, Kaklamanos EG, Senok A, Williams D. Antimicrobial Activity of Phytic Acid: An Emerging Agent in Endodontics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:753649. [PMID: 34765567 PMCID: PMC8576384 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.753649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phytic acid (IP6) is a promising and emerging agent, and because of its unique structure and distinctive properties, it lends itself to several applications in dentistry. Recently, IP6 was proposed as a potential chelating agent in endodontics. However, there is limited knowledge regarding its antimicrobial and antibiofilm effectiveness. The aims of this study, were therefore to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of IP6 against a range of microbial species and compare these with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The contact time required for IP6 to exert its bactericidal effect on Enterococcus faecalis was also determined. Methods The inhibitory and biocidal activities of IP6, EDTA and NaOCl were assessed using a broth microdilution assay against 11 clinical and reference strains of bacteria and a reference strain of Candida albicans. The contact time required for various IP6 concentrations to eliminate planktonic cultures of E. faecalis was determined using a membrane filtration method according to BS-EN-1040:2005. IP6 bactericidal activity was also evaluated using fluorescent microscopy, and the antibiofilm activity of the test agents was also determined. Results IP6 was biocidal against all tested microorganisms. At concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%, IP6 required 5 min to exert a bactericidal effect on E. faecalis, while 5% IP6 was bactericidal after 30 s. IP6 also eradicated biofilms of the tested microorganisms. In conclusion, IP6 had notable antimicrobial effects on planktonic and biofilm cultures and exhibited rapid bactericidal effects on E. faecalis. This research highlighted, for the first time the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of IP6, which could be exploited, not only in dental applications, but also other fields where novel strategies to counter antimicrobial resistance are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nassar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Morgana E Vianna
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nerissa Naidoo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Alqutami
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Williams
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Contaldo M, Lucchese A, Romano A, Della Vella F, Di Stasio D, Serpico R, Petruzzi M. Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22. [PMID: 34502159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder associated with early-onset periodontitis and other periodontal diseases (PDs). The present work aimed to systematically review the scientific literature reporting studies in vivo on oral microbiota features in subjects with DS and related periodontal health and to highlight any correlation and difference with subjects not affected by DS, with and without PDs. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies in May 2021. The participants were subjects affected by Down syndrome (DS) with and without periodontal diseases; the study compared subjects with periodontal diseases but not affected by DS, and DS without periodontal diseases; the outcomes were the differences in oral microbiota/periodontopathogen bacterial composition among subjects considered; the study design was a systematic review. Study quality was assessed with risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). Of the 954 references retrieved, 26 studies were considered. The conclusions from the qualitative assessment of the papers revealed an increasing knowledge over the last years of the microbiota associated with DS and their periodontal diseases, in comparison with healthy subjects and subjects with other kinds of mental disabilities. Few data have emerged on the mycobiome and virobiome of DS, hence, further investigations are still necessary.
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Borsanelli AC, Athayde FRF, Agostinho SD, Riggio MP, Dutra IS. Dental biofilm and its ecological interrelationships in ovine periodontitis. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34313584 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Periodontitis, one of the most common oral disorders in sheep, is caused by a mixed and opportunistic microbiota that severely affects the health and welfare of animals. However, little is known about the ecological processes involved and the composition of the microbiota associated with the development of the disease.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and network analysis it would be possible to discriminate the microbiomes of clinically healthy sheep and those with periodontitis and possibly identify the key microorganisms associated with the disease.Aim. The present study aimed to characterise the composition of dental microbiomes and bacterial co-occurrence networks in clinically healthy sheep and animals with periodontitis.Methodology. Dental biofilm samples were collected from ten sheep with periodontitis and ten clinically healthy animals. Bacteria were identified using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene.Results. The most prevalent genera in the dental microbiota of sheep with periodontitis were Petrimonas, Acinetobacter, Porphyromonas and Aerococcus. In clinically healthy animals, the most significant genera were unclassified Pasteurellaceae, Pseudomonas, and Neisseria. Fusobacterium was found at high prevalence in the microbiomes of both groups. The dental microbiota of sheep in the two clinical conditions presented different profiles and the diversity and richness of bacteria was greater in the diseased animals. Network analyses showed the presence of a large number of antagonistic interactions between bacteria in the dental microbiota of animals with periodontitis, indicating the occurrence of a dysbiotic community. Through the interrelationships, members of the Prevotella genus are likely to be key pathogens, both in the dental microbiota of healthy animals and those with periodontitis. Porphyromonas stood out among the top three nodes with more centrality and the largest number of hubs in the networks of animals with periodontitis.Conclusion. The dental biofilm microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis is dysbiotic and with significant antagonistic interactions, which discriminates healthy animals from diseased animals and highlights the importance of key bacteria, such as Petrimonas, Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Borsanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Flávia R F Athayde
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina D Agostinho
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iveraldo S Dutra
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kristensen MF, Frandsen Lau E, Schlafer S. Ratiometric imaging of extracellular pH in Streptococcus mutans biofilms exposed to different flow velocities and saliva film thicknesses. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1949427. [PMID: 34349890 PMCID: PMC8291056 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1949427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fluid flow has a prominent influence on the metabolism of surface-attached biofilms. Dental biofilms are covered by a thin saliva film that flows at different rates in different locations under stimulated and unstimulated conditions. Methods:The present study employed pH ratiometry to study the impact of different flow velocities, saliva film thicknesses and saliva concentrations on microscale pH developments in Streptococcus mutans biofilms of different age. Results:While saliva flow at a velocity of 0.8 mm/min (unstimulated flow) had little impact on biofilm pH, stimulated flow (8 mm/min; 80 mm/min) affected vertical pH gradients in the biofilms and raised the average pH in 48-h biofilms, but not in 72-h and 168-h biofilms. The saliva film thickness had a strong impact on biofilm pH under both static and dynamic conditions. pH drops were significantly higher in biofilms exposed to a thin saliva film (≤ 50 µm) than a thick saliva film (> 50 µm). pH drops in the biofilms were also strongly dependent on the saliva concentration and thus the buffer capacity of the salivary medium. For 48-h and 72-h biofilms, but not for 168-h biofilms, pH drops in distinct microenvironments were more pronounced when the local biofilm thickness was high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Frandsen Lau
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and oral health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Mensi M, Scotti E, Sordillo A, Dalè M, Calza S. Clinical evaluation of air polishing with erythritol powder followed by ultrasonic calculus removal versus conventional ultrasonic debridement and rubber cup polishing for the treatment of gingivitis: A split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:371-380. [PMID: 34275193 PMCID: PMC9292536 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the clinical efficacy in the short‐term resolution of gingivitis of a novel protocol involving full‐mouth erythritol powder air polishing followed by ultrasonic calculus removal. Methods Forty‐one healthy patients completed the study. Following a split‐mouth design, quadrants 1–4 and 2–3 were randomly allocated to receive air polishing followed by ultrasonic calculus removal (A+US) or traditional full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement followed by polishing with a rubber cup and prophylactic paste (US+P). Bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) were collected at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. Moreover, the residual plaque area (RPA), treatment time and patient comfort/satisfaction were evaluated at the end of the treatment. Results Both treatments showed a significant reduction in BoP and PI. At 4 weeks, A+US seems to reach a statistically significant lower BoP (8.7% [6.9; 10.9] vs. 11.6%[9.3; 14.4], p < 0.0001) and PI (10.7% [8.9; 13.0] vs. 12.3% [10.2; 14.9], p = 0.033). Moreover, A+US treatment time lasted on average 9.2% less than US+P (p < 0.0001) and was the preferred treatment for a significantly higher number of patients (73.2% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.0001). Conclusion The A+US protocol is suitable for the short‐term resolution of plaque‐induced gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Mensi
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST degli Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scotti
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST degli Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sordillo
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Dalè
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Esteves GM, Pereira JA, Azevedo NF, Azevedo AS, Mendes L. Friends with Benefits: An Inside Look of Periodontal Microbes' Interactions Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization-Scoping Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1504. [PMID: 34361938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has proven to be particularly useful to describe the microbial composition and spatial organization of mixed microbial infections, as it happens in periodontitis. This scoping review aims to identify and map all the documented interactions between microbes in periodontal pockets by the FISH technique. Three electronic sources of evidence were consulted in search of suitable articles up to 7 November 2020: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics: Philadelphia, PA, USA) online databases. Studies that showed ex vivo and in situ interactions between, at least, two microorganisms were found eligible. Ten papers were included. Layered or radially ordered multiple-taxon structures are the most common form of consortium. Strict or facultative anaerobic microorganisms are mostly found in the interior and the deepest portions of the structures, while aerobic microorganisms are mostly found on the periphery. We present a model of the microbial spatial organization in sub- and supragingival biofilms, as well as how the documented interactions can shape the biofilm formation. Despite the already acquired knowledge, available evidence regarding the structural composition and interactions of microorganisms within dental biofilms is incomplete and large-scale studies are needed.
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Arweiler NB, Rahmel V, Alhamwe BA, Alhamdan F, Zemlin M, Boutin S, Dalpke A, Renz H. Dental Biofilm and Saliva Microbiome and Its Interplay with Pediatric Allergies. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1330. [PMID: 34207425 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the interplay and contribution of oral microorganisms to allergic diseases, especially in children. The aim of the clinical study was to associate saliva and dental biofilm microbiome with allergic disease, in particular with allergic asthma. In a single-center study, allergic/asthmatic children (n = 15; AA-Chd; age 10.7 ± 2.9), atopic/allergic children (n = 16; AT/AL-Chd; 11.3 ± 2.9), and healthy controls (n = 15; CON-Chd; age 9.9 ± 2.2) were recruited. After removing adhering biofilms from teeth and collecting saliva, microbiome was analyzed by using a 16s-rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing in these two mediums. Microbiome structure differed significantly between saliva and dental biofilms (β-diversity). Within the groups, the dental biofilm microbiome of AA-Chd and AT/AL-Chd showed a similar microbial fingerprint characterized by only a small number of taxa that were enriched or depleted (4) compared to the CON-Chd, while both diseased groups showed a stronger microbial shift compared to CON-Chd, revealing 14 taxa in AA-Chd and 15 taxa in AT/AL-Chd that were different. This could be the first note to the contribution of dental biofilm and its metabolic activity to allergic health or disease.
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Heboyan A, Manrikyan M, Zafar MS, Rokaya D, Nushikyan R, Vardanyan I, Vardanyan A, Khurshid Z. Bacteriological Evaluation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Teeth Restored Using Fixed Dental Prostheses: An In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115463. [PMID: 34067261 PMCID: PMC8196846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present in vivo study determined the microbiological counts of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among patients with fixed dental prostheses fabricated using three different techniques. A total of 129 subjects were divided into three study groups: first, cobalt-chrome-based, metal-ceramic prostheses fabricated by the conventional method (MC, n = 35); the second group consisted of cobalt-chrome-based, metal-ceramic prostheses fabricated by the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique (CC-MC, n = 35); the third group comprised zirconia-based ceramic prostheses fabricated using the CAD/CAM technique (CC-Zr, n = 35). The control consisted of 24 patients using prostheses fabricated with either MC, CC-MC, or CC-Zr. The GCF was obtained from the subjects before treatment, and 6 and 12 months after the prosthetic treatment. Bacteriological and bacterioscopic analysis of the GCF was performed to analyze the patients’ GCF. The data were analyzed using SPSS V20 (IBM Company, Chicago, IL, USA). The number of microorganisms of the gingival crevicular fluid in all groups at 12 months of prosthetic treatment reduced dramatically compared with the data obtained before prosthetic treatment. Inflammatory processes in the periodontium occurred slowly in the case of zirconium oxide-based ceramic constructions due to their biocompatibility with the mucous membranes and tissues of the oral cavity as well as a reduced risk of dental biofilm formation. This should be considered by dentists and prosthodontists when choosing restoration materials for subjects with periodontal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (D.R.); Tel.: +374-93211221 (A.H.)
| | - Mikayel Manrikyan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (M.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (D.R.); Tel.: +374-93211221 (A.H.)
| | - Ruzan Nushikyan
- Davidyants Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, GYSANE Limited Liability Company, Yerevan 0054, Armenia;
| | - Izabella Vardanyan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (M.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Anna Vardanyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Figuero E, Roldán S, Serrano J, Escribano M, Martín C, Preshaw PM. Efficacy of adjunctive therapies in patients with gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 47 Suppl 22:125-143. [PMID: 31869441 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive therapies in reducing gingivitis and plaque by means of a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). MATERIAL AND METHODS A search protocol was designed to identify 6-month RCTs that investigated the efficacy of adjuncts to mechanical plaque control on gingivitis and plaque. Following screening, relevant information was extracted, and quality and potential risk of bias were estimated. Mean treatment differences were calculated to obtain standardized mean differences and weighted mean differences (SMD and WMD) as appropriate. RESULTS Meta-analyses included 70 studies of adjunctive antiseptics. Compared with mechanical plaque control alone, adjuncts yielded statistically significant reductions in gingival index (n = 72; SMD = -1.268; 95% CI [-1.489; -1.047]; p < .001; I2 = 96.2%), bleeding (%) (n = 26, WMD=-14.62%; 95% CI [-18.01%; -11.23%]; p < .001; I2 = 95.1%), plaque index (n = 93, SMD = -1.017; 95% CI [-1.194; -0.840]; p < .001; I2 = 95.3%) and plaque (%) (n = 23; WMD = -18.20%; 95% CI [-24.00%; -12.50%]; p < .001; I2 = 96.9%). Mouthrinses resulted in greater reductions in per cent plaque compared with dentifrices (meta-regression, coefficient = 13.80%; 95% CI [2.40%; 25.10%]; p = .020). The antiseptic agents were similarly effective in reducing gingivitis and plaque in patients with dental plaque-induced gingivitis (intact periodontium) or previously treated periodontitis with gingival inflammation. CONCLUSION Adjunctive antiseptics in mouthrinses and dentifrices provide statistically significant reductions in gingival, bleeding and plaque indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Roldán
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Serrano
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Escribano
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conchita Martín
- BIOCRAN (Craniofacial Biology) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip M Preshaw
- National University Centre for Oral Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Kharitonova M, Vankov P, Abdrakhmanov A, Mamaeva E, Yakovleva G, Ilinskaya O. The composition of microbial communities in inflammatory periodontal diseases in young adults Tatars. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:59-74. [PMID: 33659769 PMCID: PMC7921377 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host susceptibility and environmental factors are important for the development of gingivitis and periodontitis, but bacterial biofilms attached to the teeth and gingival tissues play a crucial role. We have analyzed and compared the subgingival microbial communities between subjects with dental plaque biofilm-induced generalized chronic gingivitis (CG), localized initial (Stage I) periodontitis (IP) and healthy controls (HC) of young people aged 18-19 years permanently residing in the city of Kazan (Tatarstan, Russia). The results showed that the α-diversity in groups with CG and IP was higher than in the healthy group. In a course of periodontal disease, a decrease in the relative abundance of dominates genera Rothia and Streptococcus was observed along with increase of class TM7-3 (Candidatus Saccharibacteria phylum) representatives. Also, the increase of red complex representatives Porphyromonadeceae, Treponema and Tannerella was detected together with statistically significant increase of Filifactor, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Tissierelaceae and Mogibacteriaceae. Analysis of our data suggests that transition from HC to IP may be accompanied by a decrease in microbial diversity and a reduction in the abundance of family Rs-045 (Candidatus Saccharibacteria phylum), Desulfovibrionaceae Corynebacterium, Campylobacter and Selenomonas in young adults Kazan Tatars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kharitonova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Peter Vankov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Airat Abdrakhmanov
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kazan State Medical University, Butlerova Str. 49, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Elena Mamaeva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kazan State Medical University, Butlerova Str. 49, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Galina Yakovleva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Olga Ilinskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
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Kuriki N, Asahi Y, Sotozono M, Machi H, Noiri Y, Hayashi M, Ebisu S. Next-Generation Sequencing for Determining the Effect of Arginine on Human Dental Biofilms Using an In Situ Model. Pharmacy (Basel) 2021; 9:pharmacy9010018. [PMID: 33445627 PMCID: PMC7838886 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are associated with caries, periodontal diseases, and systemic diseases. Generally, antimicrobial therapy is used as the first line of treatment for infectious diseases; however, bacteria in biofilms eventually develop antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to apply our in situ biofilm model to verify whether an arginine preparation is useful for plaque control. Ten healthy subjects who did not show signs of caries, gingivitis, or periodontitis were recruited. The dental biofilms from the subjects were obtained using our oral device before and after gargling with arginine solution for 4 weeks. We found that 8% arginine solution significantly increased the concentration of ammonium ions (NH4
+) in vitro and in vivo in saliva (p < 0.05) and decreased the proportions of the genera Atopobium and Catonella in vivo. However, the viable count was unaffected by the mouthwash. Further, oral populations of the genera Streptococcus and Neisseria tended to increase with the use of arginine. Therefore, we concluded that using an 8% arginine solution decreased the NH4
+ concentration in the oral cavity without affecting the number of viable bacteria, and that the diversity of oral bacterial flora changed. We suggest that arginine might help prevent mature biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Kuriki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(66)-8792927
| | - Yoko Asahi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Maki Sotozono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Hiroyuki Machi
- Osaka University Dental Technology Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Department of Oral Health Science, Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
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Alforaidi S, Bresin A, Almosa N, Lehrkinder A, Lingström P. Oral Colonisation after the Administration of Drops Containing Lactobacillus reuteri. Oral Health Prev Dent 2020; 18:1017-1023. [PMID: 33215493 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a45523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the oral colonisation potential after four weeks' administration of Lactobacillus reuteri and to examine the short-term effect of probiotics on salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group comprised 13 young adults who volunteered after receiving verbal and written information. The short-term prospective clinical trial lasted 9 weeks, consisting of a 4-week intervention period with administration twice daily and a 5-week post-administration follow-up period with no probiotic consumption. Saliva and dental biofilm samples were obtained immediately before probiotic administration, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks of L. reuteri administration. Follow-up samples were collected once every week on a regular basis after administration was terminated. The numbers of salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli were assessed by regular plating, while the presence of the two L. reuteri strains in saliva and dental biofilm was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS The occurrence of L. reuteri in the oral cavity increased gradually during the intervention period and reached the maximum level after four weeks of probiotic administration (p < 0.0001). The 4-week samples of stimulated whole saliva showed a statistically significant decrease in the number of S. mutans and a statistically significant increase in the salivary lactobacilli level in comparison to baseline. qPCR showed that the DSM 17938 strain has better colonisation for both saliva and dental biofilm than the ATCC PTA 5289 strain at the nine-week follow-up. CONCLUSION Probiotics have the ability to colonise the oral cavity during usage, but it gradually disappears after the completion of intake. It also has ability to decrease the number of salivary S. mutans.
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Nadar BG, Usha GV, Lakshminarayan N. Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of 4% Tulsi Extract ( Ocimum sanctum), Fluoridated and Placebo Dentifrices against Gingivitis and Plaque among 14-15 years School Children in Davangere City, India - A Triple Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. Contemp Clin Dent 2020; 11:67-75. [PMID: 33110312 PMCID: PMC7580749 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_109_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Gingivitis is the most prevalent periodontal disease among adolescents. The most important factor associated with gingivitis is plaque accumulation. Mechanical plaque control through tooth brushing and mouth rinsing are the most commonly used preventive methods. Aims: This study aims to assess and compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis effect of 4% Tulsi leaf extract dentifrice, fluoridated and placebo dentifrice (PD) among 14–15-year-old school children in Davangere city. Materials and Methods: A triple blinded concurrent parallel trial. A sample of 84 participants with a baseline mean gingival index score of at least 1.0 and mean plaque index score of at least 1.5 were randomly selected. Participants were divided into three groups by block randomization and concealed random allocation method was used to distribute dentifrices. Postassessment of plaque and gingivitis was done on the 21st day. Statistical Analysis Used: Wilcoxon signed rank test for within group comparison and Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA for intergroup comparison was used. Results: Significant reduction in the plaque and gingival scores between the groups was observed on the 21st day (P = 0.001). Maximum reduction in gingivitis (P = 0.001) and dental plaque (P = 0.01) was seen in 4% tulsi dentifrice group compared to PD. Conclusion: Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of 4% tulsi and commercially available fluoridated dentifrice remained the same after 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G V Usha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagesh Lakshminarayan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dayanand Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Le N, Subhash HM, Kilpatrick-Liverman L, Wang RK. Noninvasive multimodal imaging by integrating optical coherence tomography with autofluorescence imaging for dental applications. J Biophotonics 2020; 13:e202000026. [PMID: 32191393 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of an integrated multifunctional imaging system capable of providing anatomical (optical coherence tomography, OCT), functional (OCT angiography, OCTA) and molecular imaging (light-induced autofluorescence, LIAF) for in vivo dental applications. Blue excitation light (405 nm) was used for LIAF imaging, while the OCT was powered by a 1310 nm swept laser source. A red-green-blue digital camera, with a 450 nm cut-on broadband optical filter, was used for LIAF detection. The exciting light source and camera were integrated directly with the OCT scanning probe. The integrated system used two noninvasive imaging modalities to improve the speed of in vivo OCT data collection and to better target the regions of interest. The newly designed system maintained the ability to detect differences between healthy and hypomineralized teeth, identify dental biofilm and visualize the microvasculature of gingival tissue. The development of the integrated OCT-LIAF system provides an opportunity to conduct clinical studies more efficiently, examining changes in oral conditions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hrebesh M Subhash
- Clinical Method Development - Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abdulkareem AA, Al Marah ZA, Abdulbaqi HR, Alshaeli AJ, Milward MR. A randomized double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine, antioxidant, and hyaluronic acid mouthwashes in the management of biofilm-induced gingivitis. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 18:268-277. [PMID: 32100933 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy in addition to evaluating side effects and subjects' perceptions of three commercially available mouthwashes. METHODS This study was a double-blind, parallel, and short-term trial. A total of 75 dental students with biofilm-induced gingivitis were included in the final analysis of the current study. Clinical parameters (plaque index and bleeding on probing) and the staining effect were measured at baseline and after 7 days. In addition, a VAS-based assessment questionnaire was completed by the participants. RESULTS All interventions significantly reduced plaque scores, but chlorhexidine (CHX) had a significantly higher effect than the hyaluronic acid (HA) and antioxidant mouthwashes. However, all mouthwashes significantly reduced the total bleeding scores to <10% in 53% of the patients, compared to the baseline record. Additionally, teeth underwent shade changes in association with all interventions by the end of the study. Analysis of feedback about the mouthwashes showed that the participants seemed to prefer the HA mouthwash over the other mouthwashes. CONCLUSIONS CHX remains the most effective antiplaque mouthwash although HA and antioxidants are as effective as CHX in reducing bleeding. In addition, based on its better acceptance by the participants, HA is potentially a good alternative to CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaid A Al Marah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ali J Alshaeli
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mike R Milward
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Sánchez MC, Ribeiro-Vidal H, Bartolomé B, Figuero E, Moreno-Arribas MV, Sanz M, Herrera D. New Evidences of Antibacterial Effects of Cranberry Against Periodontal Pathogens. Foods 2020; 9:E246. [PMID: 32102416 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The worrying rise in antibiotic resistances emphasizes the need to seek new approaches for treating and preventing periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of cranberry in a validated in vitro biofilm model. After chemical characterization of a selected phenolic-rich cranberry extract, its values for minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were calculated for the six bacteria forming the biofilm (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). Antibacterial activity of the cranberry extract in the formed biofilm was evaluated by assessing the reduction in bacteria viability, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) combined with propidium monoazide (PMA), and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and anti-biofilm activity by studying the inhibition of the incorporation of different bacteria species in biofilms formed in the presence of the cranberry extract, using qPCR and CLSM. In planktonic state, bacteria viability was significantly reduced by cranberry (p < 0.05). When growing in biofilms, a significant effect was observed against initial and early colonizers (S. oralis (p ≤ 0.017), A. naeslundii (p = 0.006) and V. parvula (p = 0.010)) after 30 or 60 s of exposure, while no significant effects were detected against periodontal pathogens (F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans (p > 0.05)). Conversely, cranberry significantly (p < 0.001 in all cases) interfered with the incorporation of five of the six bacteria species during the development of 6 h-biofilms, including P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum. It was concluded that cranberry had a moderate antibacterial effect against periodontal pathogens in biofilms, but relevant anti-biofilm properties, by affecting bacteria adhesion in the first 6 h of development of biofilms.
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Liu BY, Mei L, Chu CH, Lo ECM. Effect of Silver Fluoride in Preventing the Formation of Artificial Dentinal Caries Lesions in vitro. Chin J Dent Res 2019; 22:273-280. [PMID: 31859287 DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.a43738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of silver fluoride in preventing the development of artificial caries lesions in root dentine using an artificial mouth system (AMS). METHODS A total of 34 extracted intact human premolars were embedded individually in blocks with one root dentine surface exposed. Among these, 32 were randomly divided into four groups (eight each) and the remaining two tooth blocks were used in the baseline evaluation of the cariogenic biofilm after bacterial inoculation. The interventions (topical application of 2.36 M solutions) were applied after inoculation as follows: group-1, silver fluoride (AgF); group-2, potassium fluoride (KF); group-3, silver nitrate (AgNO3); and group-4, deionised water (control). Subsequently, the tooth blocks were transferred into the AMS to start an artificial caries challenge (5% sucrose was delivered three times per day). After 10 days, the formed biofilm was assessed via colony forming unit (CFU) counts, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The artificial dentinal caries lesion was evaluated using micro-computed tomography. RESULTS After the interventions and the 10-day challenge in the AMS, the median CFUs (AgF < AgNO3 < KF = control, P < 0.001) and the median live-to-dead bacteria ratios (AgF < AgNO3 < KF = control, P < 0.005) of the biofilm differentiated significantly among the groups. Scattered bacterial cells were found in the tooth blocks of the AgF and AgNO3 groups, while a confluent biofilm layer was observed in the tooth blocks of the KF and control groups. The median lesion depth in the AgF group was significantly lower than in the AgNO3 (P = 0.016), KF (P = 0.016) and control (P = 0.009) groups. CONCLUSION The combined use of silver and fluoride ions in the AgF solution significantly protected dentine against the development of caries lesions.
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Kim JM, Choi JS, Choi YH, Kim HE. Simplified Prediction Model for Accurate Assessment of Dental Caries Risk among Participants Aged 10-18 Years. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 246:81-86. [PMID: 30333362 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.246.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries assessment needs to be targeted at specific age groups, as many risk factors are related to patient age. Pre-teen and teenage patients, who are still at risk of occurrence of new carious lesions, need more individualized caries management strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to identify caries-related risk factors and develop a simplified risk prediction model for dental caries. Risk factors for caries were assessed in 171 participants aged 10-18 years, based on a questionnaire survey, previous history of caries, oral hygiene, microorganism colonization, saliva secretion, saliva buffer capacity examinations, and the acidogenicity of dental biofilms. These risk factors were entered into a computer-based risk assessment program (the Cariogram), and correlations between these factors and Cariogram scores were investigated. Significant risk predictors were used to develop a simplified risk prediction model. The performance of this model in predicting dental caries incidence was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis, to determine its applicability to the management of caries. Our simplified prediction model included three predictors that were significantly associated with caries incidence: use of fluoride-containing toothpaste, the acidogenicity of dental biofilms, and saliva secretion (p < 0.001). The resulting model had a sensitivity and specificity of 60.5 and 85.0%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 69.41 as the threshold. The area under the curve of this model was 0.782 (95% confidence interval = 0.681-0.884, p < 0.001). Our new caries risk prediction model is expected to allow clinicians to accurately and easily predict patients' risk of occurrence of new caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- Gachon University Graduate School of Public Health
| | - Jun-Seon Choi
- Gachon University Graduate School of Public Health.,Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University College of Health Science
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine
| | - Hee-Eun Kim
- Gachon University Graduate School of Public Health.,Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University College of Health Science
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Sanz M, Beighton D, Curtis MA, Cury JA, Dige I, Dommisch H, Ellwood R, Giacaman RA, Herrera D, Herzberg MC, Könönen E, Marsh PD, Meyle J, Mira A, Molina A, Mombelli A, Quirynen M, Reynolds EC, Shapira L, Zaura E. Role of microbial biofilms in the maintenance of oral health and in the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Consensus report of group 1 of the Joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 44 Suppl 18:S5-S11. [PMID: 28266109 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The scope of this working group was to review (1) ecological interactions at the dental biofilm in health and disease, (2) the role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and caries, and (3) the innate host response in caries and periodontal diseases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A health-associated biofilm includes genera such as Neisseria, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Veillonella and Granulicatella. Microorganisms associated with both caries and periodontal diseases are metabolically highly specialized and organized as multispecies microbial biofilms. Progression of these diseases involves multiple microbial interactions driven by different stressors. In caries, the exposure of dental biofilms to dietary sugars and their fermentation to organic acids results in increasing proportions of acidogenic and aciduric species. In gingivitis, plaque accumulation at the gingival margin leads to inflammation and increasing proportions of proteolytic and often obligately anaerobic species. The natural mucosal barriers and saliva are the main innate defence mechanisms against soft tissue bacterial invasion. Similarly, enamel and dentin are important hard tissue barriers to the caries process. Given that the present state of knowledge suggests that the aetiologies of caries and periodontal diseases are mutually independent, the elements of innate immunity that appear to contribute to resistance to both are somewhat coincidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiolgy and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Beighton
- King's College London School of Medical Education, London, UK
| | - Michael A Curtis
- Microbiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jaime A Cury
- Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAM, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Irene Dige
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiolgy and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark C Herzberg
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eija Könönen
- Periodontology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Philip D Marsh
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Periodontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alex Mira
- Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Molina
- ETEP (Etiolgy and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lior Shapira
- Periodontology, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Černáková L, Jordao L, Bujdáková H. Impact of farnesol and Corsodyl ® on Candida albicans forming dual biofilm with Streptococcus mutans. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1126-1131. [PMID: 29667274 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work studied the biofilm formed by Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans on a hydroxyapatite surface after exposure to the quorum-sensing molecule farnesol (200 μM) in comparison with the diluted mouthwash Corsodyl® (0.0001% chlorhexidine digluconate). MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of farnesol was evaluated by Galleria mellonella surviving assay. The viability of biofilm cells after exposure to farnesol and Corsodyl® was determined by colony-forming units. The morphology and structure of a dual-species biofilm was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Farnesol did not exhibit a toxic effect on larval survival. While 200 μM farnesol effectively reduced the yeast-to-hyphae transition in the dual biofilm, it did not affect the growth of S. mutans. Additionally, despite the presence of farnesol, many blastospores were observed. Corsodyl® reduced S. mutans in the dual biofilm, but did not influence C. albicans. CONCLUSION This study showed that 200 μM farnesol modulated C. albicans in a dual-species biofilm with S. mutans, but did not exhibit antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. Moreover, it seems that S. mutans provides conditions that support the growth of the yeast form of C. albicans. The mouthwash Corsodyl® reduces S. mutans, but was not effective against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Černáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Jordao
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento-Lisboa, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Bujdáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Valdebenito B, Tullume-Vergara PO, González W, Kreth J, Giacaman RA. In silico analysis of the competition between Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans in the dental biofilm. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:168-180. [PMID: 29237244 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During dental caries, the dental biofilm modifies the composition of the hundreds of involved bacterial species. Changing environmental conditions influence competition. A pertinent model to exemplify the complex interplay of the microorganisms in the human dental biofilm is the competition between Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans. It has been reported that children and adults harbor greater numbers of S. sanguinis in the oral cavity, associated with caries-free teeth. Conversely, S. mutans is predominant in individuals with a high number of carious lesions. Competition between both microorganisms stems from the production of H2 O2 by S. sanguinis and mutacins, a type of bacteriocins, by S. mutans. There is limited evidence on how S. sanguinis survives its own H2 O2 levels, or if it has other mechanisms that might aid in the competition against S. mutans, nonetheless. We performed a genomic and metabolic pathway comparison, coupled with a comprehensive literature review, to better understand the competition between these two species. Results indicated that S. sanguinis can outcompete S. mutans by the production of an enzyme capable of metabolizing H2 O2 . S. mutans, however, lacks the enzyme and is susceptible to the peroxide from S. sanguinis. In addition, S. sanguinis can generate energy through gluconeogenesis and seems to have evolved different communication mechanisms, indicating that novel proteins may be responsible for intra-species communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Valdebenito
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - P O Tullume-Vergara
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Lambayeque, Peru
| | - W González
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), University of Talca, Talca, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Talca, Chile
| | - J Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - R A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
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Lee ES, de Josselin de Jong E, Jung HI, Kim BI. Red fluorescence of dental biofilm as an indicator for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-6. [PMID: 29318813 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.1.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine whether the red fluorescence (RF) of a dental microcosm biofilm as measured with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology is useful for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials. Dental microcosm biofilms were formed on bovine enamel discs and grown under 0.3% sucrose challenge and treated with chlorhexidine (CHX) solutions at different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.5%) plus a negative control [sterile distilled water (DW)] twice daily for 7 days. The biofilms were photographed using a QLF-digital system to evaluate the RF by calculating the red/green ratio, and pH values of the medium were measured daily. After 7 days, the bacterial viability of the biofilm was assessed by measuring the counts of viable total bacteria and aciduric bacteria, and the percentage surface microhardness changes (%SHC) was evaluated. The RF and cariogenic properties were compared for the different concentrations of CHX, and their correlations were examined. The RF and its increase rate were much lower for CHX-treated biofilms than for DW-treated biofilms. The RF after 7 days of maturation decreased significantly with increasing CHX concentrations (p<0.001) and was from 31% (for 0.05% CHX) to 46% (for 0.5% CHX) lower than that of the DW group. Strong correlations were reported between the RF of the 7-day-maturation biofilms and cariogenic properties, such as the number of total bacteria (r=0.93), number of aciduric bacteria (r=0.97), supernatant pH (r=0.43), and %SHC (r=0.98). In conclusion, the RF of dental biofilms as measured with QLF technology can be used to nondestructively assess and monitor the effect of antimicrobials against biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Song Lee
- Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Institute, Department of Preventive De, Republic of Korea
| | - Elbert de Josselin de Jong
- Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Institute, Department of Preventive De, Republic of Korea
- University of Liverpool, School of Dentistry, Department of Health Services Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Inspektor Research Systems BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hoi-In Jung
- Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Institute, Department of Preventive De, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Il Kim
- Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Institute, Department of Preventive De, Republic of Korea
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