1
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Jain P, Huber AE, Rockwell FE, Sen S, Holbrook NM, Stroock AD. New approaches to dissect leaf hydraulics reveal large gradients in living tissues of tomato leaves. New Phytol 2024; 242:453-465. [PMID: 38413216 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The water status of the living tissue in leaves is critical in determining plant function and global exchange of water and CO2. Despite significant advances in the past two decades, persistent questions remain about the tissue-specific origins of leaf hydraulic properties and their dependence on water status. We use a fluorescent nanoparticle reporter that provides water potential in the mesophyll apoplast adjacent to the epidermis of intact leaves to complement existing methods based on the Scholander Pressure Chamber (SPC). Working in tomato leaves, this approach provides access to the hydraulic conductance of the whole leaf, xylem, and outside-xylem tissues. These measurements show that, as stem water potential decreases, the water potential in the mesophyll apoplast can drop below that assessed with the SPC and can fall significantly below the turgor loss point of the leaf. We find that this drop in potential, dominated by the large loss (10-fold) of hydraulic conductance of the outside-xylem tissue, is not however strong enough to significantly limit transpiration. These observations highlight the need to reassess models of water transfer through the outside-xylem tissues, the potential importance of this tissue in regulating transpiration, and the power of new approaches for probing leaf hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Jain
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Annika E Huber
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Fulton E Rockwell
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Abraham D Stroock
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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2
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Andriantelomanana T, Améglio T, Delzon S, Cochard H, Herbette S. Unpacking the point of no return under drought in poplar: insight from stem diameter variation. New Phytol 2024; 242:466-478. [PMID: 38406847 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A specific, robust threshold for drought-induced tree mortality is needed to improve the prediction of forest dieback. Here, we tested the relevance of continuous measurements of stem diameter variations for identifying such a threshold, their relationship with hydraulic and cellular damage mechanisms, and the influence of growth conditions on these relationships. Poplar saplings were grown under well-watered, water-limited, or light-limited conditions and then submitted to a drought followed by rewatering. Stem diameter was continuously measured to investigate two parameters: the percentage loss of diameter (PLD) and the percentage of diameter recovery (DR) following rewatering. Water potentials, stomatal conductance, embolism, and electrolyte leakage were also measured, and light microscopy allowed investigating cell collapse induced by drought. The water release observed through loss of diameter occurred throughout the drought, regardless of growth conditions. Poplars did not recover from drought when PLD reached a threshold and this differed according to growth conditions but remained linked to cell resistance to damage and collapse. Our findings shed new light on the mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality and indicate that PLD could be a relevant indicator of drought-induced tree mortality, regardless of the growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Améglio
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Stephane Herbette
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
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3
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Kim D, Guadagno CR, Ewers BE, Mackay DS. Combining PSII photochemistry and hydraulics improves predictions of photosynthesis and water use from mild to lethal drought. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1255-1268. [PMID: 38178610 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Rising temperatures and increases in drought negatively impact the efficiency and sustainability of both agricultural and forest ecosystems. Although hydraulic limitations on photosynthesis have been extensively studied, a solid understanding of the links between whole plant hydraulics and photosynthetic processes at the cellular level under changing environmental conditions is still missing, hampering our predictive power for plant mortality. Here, we examined plant hydraulic traits and CO2 assimilation rate under progressive water limitation by implementing Photosystem II (PSII) dynamics with a whole plant process model (TREES). The photosynthetic responses to plant water status were parameterized based on measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange and water potential for Brassica rapa (R500) grown in a greenhouse under fully watered to lethal drought conditions. The updated model significantly improved predictions of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential. TREES with PSII knowledge predicted a larger hydraulic safety margin and a decrease in percent loss of conductivity. TREES predicted a slower decrease in leaf water potential, which agreed with measurements. Our results highlight the pressing need for incorporating PSII drought photochemistry into current process models to capture cross-scale plant water dynamics from cell to whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyoung Kim
- Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Brent E Ewers
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - D Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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4
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Shang B, Agathokleous E, Calatayud V, Peng J, Xu Y, Li S, Liu S, Feng Z. Drought mitigates the adverse effects of O 3 on plant photosynthesis rather than growth: A global meta-analysis considering plant functional types. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1269-1284. [PMID: 38185874 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) is a phytotoxic air pollutant adversely affecting plant growth. High O3 exposures are often concurrent with summer drought. The effects of both stresses on plants are complex, and their interactions are not yet well understood. Here, we investigate whether drought can mitigate the negative effects of O3 on plant physiology and growth based on a meta-analysis. We found that drought mitigated the negative effects of O3 on plant photosynthesis, but the modification of the O3 effect on the whole-plant biomass by drought was not significant. This is explained by a compensatory response of water-deficient plants that leads to increased metabolic costs. Relative to water control condition, reduced water treatment decreased the effects of O3 on photosynthetic traits, and leaf and root biomass in deciduous broadleaf species, while all traits in evergreen coniferous species showed no significant response. This suggested that the mitigating effects of drought on the negative impacts of O3 on the deciduous broadleaf species were more extensive than on the evergreen coniferous ones. Therefore, to avoid over- or underestimations when assessing the impact of O3 on vegetation growth, soil moisture should be considered. These results contribute to a better understanding of terrestrial ecosystem responses under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Zhejiang Carbon Neutral Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Bjerring Jensen N, Vrobel O, Akula Nageshbabu N, De Diego N, Tarkowski P, Ottosen CO, Zhou R. Stomatal effects and ABA metabolism mediate differential regulation of leaf and flower cooling in tomato cultivars exposed to heat and drought stress. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2156-2175. [PMID: 38207009 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Co-occurring heat and drought stresses challenge crop performance. Stomata open to promote evaporative cooling during heat stress, but close to retain water during drought stress, which resulted in complex stomatal regulation under combined heat and drought. We aimed to investigate stomatal regulation in leaves and flowers of perennial, indeterminate cultivars of tomatoes subjected to individual and combined heat and drought stress followed by a recovery period, measuring morphological, physiological, and biochemical factors involved in stomatal regulation. Under stress, stomata of leaves were predominantly affected by drought, with lower stomatal density and stomatal closing, resulting in significantly decreased photosynthesis and higher leaf temperature. Conversely, stomata in sepals seemed affected mainly by heat during stress. The differential patterns in stomatal regulation in leaves and flowers persisted into the recovery phase as contrasting patterns in stomatal density. We show that flower transpiration is regulated by temperature, but leaf transpiration is regulated by soil water availability during stress. Organ-specific patterns of stomatal development and abscisic acid metabolism mediated this phenomenon. Our results throw light on the dual role of stomata in heat and drought tolerance of vegetative and generative organs, and demonstrate the importance of considering flower surfaces in the phenotyping of stomatal reactions to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bjerring Jensen
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ondřej Vrobel
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nagashree Akula Nageshbabu
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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6
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Caine RS, Khan MS, Brench RA, Walker HJ, Croft HL. Inside-out: Synergising leaf biochemical traits with stomatal-regulated water fluxes to enhance transpiration modelling during abiotic stress. Plant Cell Environ 2024. [PMID: 38533601 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
As the global climate continues to change, plants will increasingly experience abiotic stress(es). Stomata on leaf surfaces are the gatekeepers to plant interiors, regulating gaseous exchanges that are crucial for both photosynthesis and outward water release. To optimise future crop productivity, accurate modelling of how stomata govern plant-environment interactions will be crucial. Here, we synergise optical and thermal imaging data to improve modelled transpiration estimates during water and/or nutrient stress (where leaf N is reduced). By utilising hyperspectral data and partial least squares regression analysis of six plant traits and fluxes in wheat (Triticum aestivum), we develop a new spectral vegetation index; the Combined Nitrogen and Drought Index (CNDI), which can be used to detect both water stress and/or nitrogen deficiency. Upon full stomatal closure during drought, CNDI shows a strong relationship with leaf water content (r2 = 0.70), with confounding changes in leaf biochemistry. By incorporating CNDI transformed with a sigmoid function into thermal-based transpiration modelling, we have increased the accuracy of modelling water fluxes during abiotic stress. These findings demonstrate the potential of using combined optical and thermal remote sensing-based modelling approaches to dynamically model water fluxes to improve both agricultural water usage and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Caine
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Robert A Brench
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Heather J Walker
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- biOMICS Mass Spectrometry Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Holly L Croft
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
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7
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Valifard M, Khan A, Berg J, Le Hir R, Pommerrenig B, Neuhaus HE, Keller I. Carbohydrate distribution via SWEET17 is critical for Arabidopsis inflorescence branching under drought. J Exp Bot 2024:erae135. [PMID: 38530289 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are the most recently discovered family of plant sugar transporters. By acting as uniporters, SWEETs facilitate the diffusion of sugars across cell membranes and play an important role in various physiological processes such as abiotic stress adaptation. AtSWEET17, a vacuolar fructose facilitator, was shown to be involved in the modulation of the root system during drought. In addition, previous studies have shown that overexpression of an apple homolog leads to increased drought tolerance in tomato plants. Therefore, SWEET17 might be a molecular element involved in the plant´s drought response. However, the role and function of SWEET17 in aboveground tissues of Arabidopsis under drought stress remains elusive. By combining gene expression analysis and stem architecture with the sugar profiles of different aboveground tissues, we uncovered a putative role of SWEET17 in carbohydrate supply and thus cauline branch elongation, especially during periods of carbon limitation, as occurs under drought stress. Thus, SWEET17 seems to be involved in maintaining efficient plant reproduction under drought-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Valifard
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Azkia Khan
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Johannes Berg
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
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8
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Liu F, Liu Q, Wu JH, Wang ZQ, Geng YJ, Li J, Zhang Y, Li S. Arabidopsis calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase 8 and its functional homolog in tomato negatively regulates ABA-mediated stomatal movement and drought tolerance. Plant Cell Environ 2024. [PMID: 38516697 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Stomatal movement is critical for water transpiration, gas exchange, and responses to biotic stresses. Abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure to prevent water loss during drought. We report that Arabidopsis CIPK8 negatively regulates ABA-mediated stomatal closure and drought tolerance. CIPK8 is highly enriched in guard cells and transcriptionally induced by ABA. Functional loss of CIPK8 results in hypersensitive stomatal closure to ABA and enhanced drought tolerance. Guard cell-specific downregulation of CIPK8 mimics the phenotype of cipk8 whereas guard cell-specific expression of a constitutive active CIPK8 (CIPK8CA) has an opposite effect, suggesting a cell autonomous activity of CIPK8. CIPK8 physically interacts with CBL1 and CBL9. Functional loss of CBL1 and CBL9 mimics ABA-hypersensitive stomatal closure of cipk8 whereas abolishes the effect of CIPK8CA, indicating that CIPK8 and CBL1/CBL9 form a genetic module in ABA-responsive stomatal movement. SlCIPK7, the functional homolog of CIPK8 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), plays a similar role in ABA-responsive stomatal movement. Genomic editing of SlCIPK7 results in more drought-tolerant tomato, making it a good candidate for germplasm improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ju-Hua Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zong-Qi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Li J, Ren J, Lei X, Fan W, Tang L, Zhang Q, Bao Z, Zhou W, Bai J, Zhang Y, Gong C. CsREV-CsTCP4-CsVND7 module shapes xylem patterns differentially between stem and leaf to enhance tea plant tolerance to drought. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113987. [PMID: 38517888 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultivating drought-tolerant tea varieties enhances both yield and quality of tea plants in northern China. However, the mechanisms underlying their drought tolerance remain largely unknown. Here we identified a key regulator called CsREV, which differentially regulates xylem patterns between leaves and stems, thereby conferring drought tolerance in tea plants. When drought occurs, upregulation of CsREV activates the CsVND7a-dependent xylem vessel differentiation. However, when drought persists, the vessel differentiation is hindered as CsVND7a is downregulated by CsTCP4a. This, combined with the CsREV-promoted secondary-cell-wall thickness of xylem vessel, leads to the enhanced curling of leaves, a characteristic closely associated with plant drought tolerance. Notably, this inhibitory effect of CsTCP4a on CsVND7a expression is absent in stems, allowing stem xylem vessels to continuously differentiate. Overall, the CsREV-CsTCP4-CsVND7 module is differentially utilized to shape the xylem patterns in leaves and stems, potentially balancing water transportation and utilization to improve tea plant drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiejie Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xingyu Lei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenmin Fan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhulatai Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenfei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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10
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Wang H, Ye T, Guo Z, Yao Y, Tu H, Wang P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Li B, Xiong H, Lai X, Xiong L. A double-stranded RNA binding protein enhances drought resistance via protein phase separation in rice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2514. [PMID: 38514621 PMCID: PMC10957929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress significantly impacts global rice production, highlighting the critical need to understand the genetic basis of drought resistance in rice. Here, through a genome-wide association study, we reveal that natural variations in DROUGHT RESISTANCE GENE 9 (DRG9), encoding a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein, contribute to drought resistance. Under drought stress, DRG9 condenses into stress granules (SGs) through liquid-liquid phase separation via a crucial α-helix. DRG9 recruits the mRNAs of OsNCED4, a key gene for the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, into SGs and protects them from degradation. In drought-resistant DRG9 allele, natural variations in the coding region, causing an amino acid substitution (G267F) within the zinc finger domain, increase DRG9's binding ability to OsNCED4 mRNA and enhance drought resistance. Introgression of the drought-resistant DRG9 allele into the elite rice Huanghuazhan significantly improves its drought resistance. Thus, our study underscores the role of a dsRNA-binding protein in drought resistance and its promising value in breeding drought-resistant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yilong Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifu Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingchen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelei Lai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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11
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Niu MX, Feng CH, He F, Zhang H, Bao Y, Liu SJ, Liu X, Su Y, Liu C, Wang HL, Yin W, Xia X. The miR6445-NAC029 module regulates drought tolerance by regulating the expression of glutathione S-transferase U23 and reactive oxygen species scavenging in Populus. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38515251 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are essential in plant development and stress resistance, but their specific roles in drought stress require further investigation. Here, we have uncovered that a Populus-specific microRNAs (miRNA), miR6445, targeting NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) family genes, is involved in regulating drought tolerance of poplar. The expression level of miR6445 was significantly upregulated under drought stress; concomitantly, seven targeted NAC genes showed significant downregulation. Silencing the expression of miR6445 by short tandem target mimic technology significantly decreased the drought tolerance in poplar. Furthermore, 5' RACE experiments confirmed that miR6445 directly targeted NAC029. The overexpression lines of PtrNAC029 (OE-NAC029) showed increased sensitivity to drought compared with knockout lines (Crispr-NAC029), consistent with the drought-sensitive phenotype observed in miR6445-silenced strains. PtrNAC029 was further verified to directly bind to the promoters of glutathione S-transferase U23 (GSTU23) and inhibit its expression. Both Crispr-NAC029 and PtrGSTU23 overexpressing plants showed higher levels of PtrGSTU23 transcript and GST activity while accumulating less reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, poplars overexpressing GSTU23 demonstrated enhanced drought tolerance. Taken together, our research reveals the crucial role of the miR6445-NAC029-GSTU23 module in enhancing poplar drought tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis. This finding provides new molecular targets for improving the drought resistance of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xue Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Cong-Hua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fang He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shu-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanyan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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12
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Grossman JJ, Coe HB, Fey O, Fraser N, Salaam M, Semper C, Williamson CG. Temperate woody species across the angiosperm phylogeny acquire tolerance to water deficit stress during the growing season. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38511237 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the capacity of temperate trees to acclimate to limited soil water has become essential in the face of increasing drought risk due to climate change. We documented seasonal - or phenological - patterns in acclimation to water deficit stress in stems and leaves of tree species spanning the angiosperm phylogeny. Over 3 yr of field observations carried out in two US arboreta, we measured stem vulnerability to embolism (36 individuals of 7 Species) and turgor loss point (119 individuals of 27 species) over the growing season. We also conducted a growth chamber experiment on 20 individuals of one species to assess the mechanistic relationship between soil water restriction and acclimation. In three-quarters of species measured, plants became less vulnerable to embolism and/or loss of turgor over the growing season. We were able to stimulate this acclimatory effect by withholding water in the growth chamber experiment. Temperate angiosperms are capable of acclimation to soil water deficit stress, showing maximum vulnerability to soil water deficits following budbreak and becoming more resilient to damage over the course of the growing season or in response to simulated drought. The species-specific tempo and extent of this acclimatory potential constitutes preadaptive climate change resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Grossman
- Biology Department & Environmental Studies Department, St. Olaf College, 1520 St Olaf Ave, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - Henry B Coe
- Environmental Permitting and Planning Group, Hazen and Sawyer 498 Seventh Ave #11, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Olivia Fey
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Natalie Fraser
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Musa Salaam
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, 4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Chelsea Semper
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ceci G Williamson
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
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13
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Bechtold EK, Wanek W, Nuesslein B, DaCosta M, Nüsslein K. Successional changes in bacterial phyllosphere communities are plant-host species dependent. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0175023. [PMID: 38349147 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01750-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Phyllosphere microbial communities are increasingly experiencing intense pulse disturbance events such as drought. It is currently unknown how phyllosphere communities respond to such disturbances and if they are able to recover. We explored the stability of phyllosphere communities over time, in response to drought stress, and under recovery from drought on temperate forage grasses. Compositional or functional changes were observed during the disturbance period and whether communities returned to non-stressed levels following recovery. Here, we found that phyllosphere community composition shifts as a result of simulated drought but does not fully recover after irrigation is resumed and that the degree of community response to drought is host species dependent. However, while community composition had changed, we found a high level of functional stability (resistance) over time and in the water deficit treatment. Ecological modeling enabled us to understand community assembly processes over a growing season and to determine if they were disrupted during a disturbance event. Phyllosphere community succession was characterized by a strong level of ecological drift, but drought disturbance resulted in variable selection, or, in other words, communities were diverging due to differences in selective pressures. This successional divergence of communities with drought was unique for each host species. Understanding phyllosphere responses to environmental stresses is important as climate change-induced stresses are expected to reduce crop productivity and phyllosphere functioning. IMPORTANCE Leaf surface microbiomes have the potential to influence agricultural and ecosystem productivity. We assessed their stability by determining composition, functional resistance, and resilience. Resistance is the degree to which communities remain unchanged as a result of disturbance, and resilience is the ability of a community to recover to pre-disturbance conditions. By understanding the mechanisms of community assembly and how they relate to the resistance and resilience of microbial communities under common environmental stresses such as drought, we can better understand how communities will adapt to a changing environment and how we can promote healthy agricultural microbiomes. In this study, phyllosphere compositional stability was highly related to plant host species phylogeny and, to a lesser extent, known stress tolerances. Phyllosphere community assembly and stability are a result of complex interactions of ecological processes that are differentially imposed by host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Bechtold
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Nuesslein
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle DaCosta
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Klaus Nüsslein
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Leporino M, Rouphael Y, Bonini P, Colla G, Cardarelli M. Protein hydrolysates enhance recovery from drought stress in tomato plants: phenomic and metabolomic insights. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1357316. [PMID: 38533405 PMCID: PMC10963501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1357316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction High-throughput phenotyping technologies together with metabolomics analysis can speed up the development of highly efficient and effective biostimulants for enhancing crop tolerance to drought stress. The aim of this study was to examine the morphophysiological and metabolic changes in tomato plants foliarly treated with two protein hydrolysates obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetal proteins from Malvaceae (PH1) or Fabaceae (PH2) in comparison with a control treatment, as well as to investigate the mechanisms involved in the enhancement of plant resistance to repeated drought stress cycles. Methods A phenotyping device was used for daily monitoring morphophysiological traits while untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out in leaves of the best performing treatment based on phenotypic results.Results: PH1 treatment was the most effective in enhancing plant resistance to water stress due to the better recovery of digital biomass and 3D leaf area after each water stress event while PH2 was effective in mitigating water stress only during the recovery period after the first drought stress event. Metabolomics data indicated that PH1 modified primary metabolism by increasing the concentration of dipeptides and fatty acids in comparison with untreated control, as well as secondary metabolism by regulating several compounds like phenols. In contrast, hormones and compounds involved in detoxification or signal molecules against reactive oxygen species were downregulated in comparison with untreated control. Conclusion The above findings demonstrated the advantages of a combined phenomics-metabolomics approach for elucidating the relationship between metabolic and morphophysiological changes associated with a biostimulant-mediated increase of crop resistance to repeated water stress events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Leporino
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Naples, Portici, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonini
- oloBion SL, Barcelona, Spain
- Arcadia s.r.l., Rivoli Veronese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Arcadia s.r.l., Rivoli Veronese, Italy
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15
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Tenorio Berrío R, Dubois M. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal heterogeneity in plant responses to the environment: a focus on biotic and abiotic interactions. J Exp Bot 2024:erae107. [PMID: 38466621 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Environmental cues, from biotic or abiotic origin, are major factors influencing plant growth and productivity. Interactions with biotic (e.g. symbionts and pathogens) and abiotic (e.g. changes in temperature, water or nutrient availability) factors trigger signaling and downstream transcriptome changes in plants. While bulk RNA-sequencing technologies have traditionally been used to profile these transcriptional changes, the heterogeneity of the responses, caused by the cellular complexity of organs, might be masked by homogenizing tissues. Thus, whether different cell types respond equally to environmental fluctuations, or whether subsets of the responses are cell-type specific, are long-lasting questions in plant biology. The recent break-through of single-cell transcriptomics in plant research offers an unprecedented view on cellular responses under changing environmental conditions. In this review, we discuss the contributions of single-cell transcriptomics towards the understanding of cell-type specific plant responses to biotic and abiotic environmental interactions. Besides major biological findings, we present some technical challenges coupled to single-cell studies of plant-environment interactions, proposing possible solutions and exciting paths for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tenorio Berrío
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke Dubois
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Li T, Ge L, Zhao R, Peng C, Zhou X, Li P, Liu Z, Song H, Tang J, Zhang C, Li Q, Wang M, Zou Z. Phenolic compounds weaken the impact of drought on soil enzyme activity in global wetlands. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1372866. [PMID: 38525071 PMCID: PMC10957752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1372866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil enzymes play a central role in carbon and nutrient cycling, and their activities can be affected by drought-induced oxygen exposure. However, a systematic global estimate of enzyme sensitivity to drought in wetlands is still lacking. Through a meta-analysis of 55 studies comprising 761 paired observations, this study found that phosphorus-related enzyme activity increased by 38% as result of drought in wetlands, while the majority of other soil enzyme activities remained stable. The expansion of vascular plants under long-term drought significantly promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Using a 2-week incubation experiment with phenol supplementation, we found that phosphorus-related enzyme could tolerate higher biotoxicity of phenolic compounds than other enzymes. Moreover, a long-term (35 years) drainage experiment in a northern peatland in China confirmed that the increased phenolic concentration in surface layer resulting from a shift in vegetation composition inhibited the increase in enzyme activities caused by rising oxygen availability, except for phosphorus-related enzyme. Overall, these results demonstrate the complex and resilient nature of wetland ecosystems, with soil enzymes showing a high degree of adaptation to drought conditions. These new insights could help evaluate the impact of drought on future wetland ecosystem services and provide a theoretical foundation for the remediation of degraded wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Leming Ge
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruotong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biology Science, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zelin Liu
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanxiong Song
- Department of Biology Science, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiayi Tang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cicheng Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziying Zou
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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17
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Molitor C, Kurowski TJ, Fidalgo de Almeida PM, Kevei Z, Spindlow DJ, Chacko Kaitholil SR, Iheanyichi JU, Prasanna HC, Thompson AJ, Mohareb FR. A chromosome-level genome assembly of Solanum chilense, a tomato wild relative associated with resistance to salinity and drought. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1342739. [PMID: 38525148 PMCID: PMC10957597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1342739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Solanum chilense is a wild relative of tomato reported to exhibit resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. There is potential to improve tomato cultivars via breeding with wild relatives, a process greatly accelerated by suitable genomic and genetic resources. Methods In this study we generated a high-quality, chromosome-level, de novo assembly for the S. chilense accession LA1972 using a hybrid assembly strategy with ~180 Gbp of Illumina short reads and ~50 Gbp long PacBio reads. Further scaffolding was performed using Bionano optical maps and 10x Chromium reads. Results The resulting sequences were arranged into 12 pseudomolecules using Hi-C sequencing. This resulted in a 901 Mbp assembly, with a completeness of 95%, as determined by Benchmarking with Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO). Sequencing of RNA from multiple tissues resulting in ~219 Gbp of reads was used to annotate the genome assembly with an RNA-Seq guided gene prediction, and for a de novo transcriptome assembly. This chromosome-level, high-quality reference genome for S. chilense accession LA1972 will support future breeding efforts for more sustainable tomato production. Discussion Gene sequences related to drought and salt resistance were compared between S. chilense and S. lycopersicum to identify amino acid variations with high potential for functional impact. These variants were subsequently analysed in 84 resequenced tomato lines across 12 different related species to explore the variant distributions. We identified a set of 7 putative impactful amino acid variants some of which may also impact on fruit development for example the ethylene-responsive transcription factor WIN1 and ethylene-insensitive protein 2. These variants could be tested for their ability to confer functional phenotypes to cultivars that have lost these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Molitor
- The Bioinformatics Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Wharley End, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz J. Kurowski
- The Bioinformatics Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Wharley End, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zoltan Kevei
- Soil, Agrifood and Biosciences, Cranfield University, Wharley End, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Spindlow
- The Bioinformatics Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Wharley End, United Kingdom
| | - Steffimol R. Chacko Kaitholil
- The Bioinformatics Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Wharley End, United Kingdom
| | - Justice U. Iheanyichi
- The Bioinformatics Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Wharley End, United Kingdom
| | - H. C. Prasanna
- Division of Vegetable Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Soil, Agrifood and Biosciences, Cranfield University, Wharley End, United Kingdom
| | - Fady R. Mohareb
- The Bioinformatics Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Wharley End, United Kingdom
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18
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Wang J, Mao L, Li Y, Lu K, Qu C, Tang Z, Li J, Liu L. Natural variation in BnaA9.NF-YA7 contributes to drought tolerance in Brassica napus L. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2082. [PMID: 38453909 PMCID: PMC10920887 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the important oil crops worldwide. Its production is often threatened by drought stress. Here, we identify a transcription factor (BnaA9.NF-YA7) that negatively regulates drought tolerance through genome-wide association study in B. napus. The presence of two SNPs within a CCAAT cis element leads to downregulation of BnaA9.NF-YA7 expression. In addition, the M63I (G-to-C) substitution in the transactivation domain can activate low level expression of BnaA4.DOR, which is an inhibitory factor of ABA-induced stomatal closure. Furthermore, we determine that Bna.ABF3/4s directly regulate the expression of BnaA9.NF-YA7, and BnaA9.NF-YA7 indirectly suppresses the expression of Bna.ABF3/4s by regulation of Bna.ASHH4s. Our findings uncover that BnaA9.NF-YA7 serves as a supplementary role for ABA signal balance under drought stress conditions, and provide a potential molecular target to breed drought-tolerant B. napus cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lin Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kun Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhanglin Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liezhao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Wang W, Li Y, Yang S, Wu J, Ma C, Chen Y, Sun X, Wu L, Liang X, Fu Q, Xu Z, Li L, Huang Z, Zhu J, Jia X, Ye X, Chen R. Stress response membrane protein gene OsSMP2 negatively regulates rice tolerance to drought. J Exp Bot 2024:erae097. [PMID: 38447063 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In our gene chip analysis, OsSMP2 gene expression was induced under various abiotic stresses, prompting an investigation into its role in drought resistance and ABA signaling. Subsequent experiments, including qRT-PCR and GUS activity detection, affirmed the OsSMP2 gene's predominant induction by drought stress. Subcellular localization experiments indicated the OsSMP2 protein primarily localizes to the cell membrane system. Overexpressing OsSMP2 increased sensitivity to exogenous ABA, reducing drought resistance and leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation under drought stress. Conversely, in simulated drought experiments, OsSMP2-silenced transgenic plants showed significantly longer root lengths compared to the wild-type Nipponbare. These results suggest that OsSMP2 overexpression negatively affects rice drought resistance, offering valuable insights into molecular mechanisms and proposing OsSMP2 as a potential target for enhancing crop resilience to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Songjin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xingzhuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiuping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaomei Jia
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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20
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Gile B, Sherris AR, Holmes RT, Fendorf S, Luthy RG. Water Supply Planning in the Face of Drought and Ecosystem Flows: Examining the Impact of the Bay-Delta Plan on Bay Area Water Supply. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4046-4055. [PMID: 38390867 PMCID: PMC10919069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In California, recent Bay-Delta Plan legislation attempts to balance water supply and ecosystem protection by requiring 40% of the flow to remain in-stream in the Tuolumne River from February through June. Serious questions remain about what this means for the Bay Area water supply, especially during drought. Our work develops a new approach to analyze how in-stream flow policy coupled with climate change could impact regional water supply over the coming decades. Results show that the new in-stream flow demand would exceed urban water deliveries in a typical year. In wet years, water supply performance is minimally impacted, but in drought, the policy can lead to less water in storage, delayed reservoir recovery, and increased time at critically low storage. Storage impact exceeding 50 000 acre-feet (60 million m3) is anticipated with at least 18% frequency, demonstrating that, climate uncertainty notwithstanding, this impact must be planned for and managed to ensure a reliable future water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget
C. Gile
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Allison R. Sherris
- Emmett
Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Randall T. Holmes
- Emmett
Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Scott Fendorf
- Department
of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Richard G. Luthy
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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21
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Guo H, Wang Y, Li G, Du S. Effects of Rainfall Exclusion Treatment on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Black Locust in the Sub-Humid Region of the Loess Plateau, China. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:704. [PMID: 38475549 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The mesic-origin species Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) is widely planted in the semiarid and sub-humid areas of the Loess Plateau for the reforestation of vegetation-degraded land. Under the scenario of changing precipitation patterns, exploring the response of photosynthesis to drought allows us to assess the risk to sustainable development of these plantations. In this study, paired plots were established including the control and a treatment of 30% exclusion of throughfall (since 2018). The photosynthetic characteristics were investigated using a portable photosynthesis system for four periods in the full-leaf growing season of 2021-2022, the fourth and fifth years, on both treated and controlled sampling trees. Leaf gas exchange parameters derived from diurnal changing patterns, light response curves, and CO2 response curves showed significant differences except for period II (9-11 September 2021) between the two plots. The photosynthetic midday depression was observed in 2022 in the treated plot. Meanwhile, the decline of net photosynthetic rate in the treated plot was converted from stomatal limitation to non-stomatal limitation. Furthermore, we observed that black locust adapted to long-term water deficiency by reducing stomatal conductance, increasing water use efficiency and intrinsic water use efficiency. The results demonstrate that reduction in precipitation would cause photosynthesis decrease, weaken the response sensitivity to light and CO2, and potentially impair photosynthetic resilience of the plantations. They also provide insights into the changes in photosynthetic functions under global climate change and a reference for management of plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Ludwig E, Sumner J, Berry J, Polydore S, Ficor T, Agnew E, Haines K, Greenham K, Fahlgren N, Mockler TC, Gehan MA. Natural variation in Brachypodium distachyon responses to combined abiotic stresses. Plant J 2024; 117:1676-1701. [PMID: 37483133 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The demand for agricultural production is becoming more challenging as climate change increases global temperature and the frequency of extreme weather events. This study examines the phenotypic variation of 149 accessions of Brachypodium distachyon under drought, heat, and the combination of stresses. Heat alone causes the largest amounts of tissue damage while the combination of stresses causes the largest decrease in biomass compared to other treatments. Notably, Bd21-0, the reference line for B. distachyon, did not have robust growth under stress conditions, especially the heat and combined drought and heat treatments. The climate of origin was significantly associated with B. distachyon responses to the assessed stress conditions. Additionally, a GWAS found loci associated with changes in plant height and the amount of damaged tissue under stress. Some of these SNPs were closely located to genes known to be involved in responses to abiotic stresses and point to potential causative loci in plant stress response. However, SNPs found to be significantly associated with a response to heat or drought individually are not also significantly associated with the combination of stresses. This, with the phenotypic data, suggests that the effects of these abiotic stresses are not simply additive, and the responses to the combined stresses differ from drought and heat alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Ludwig
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Joshua Sumner
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Jeffrey Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
- Bayer Crop Sciences, St. Louis, Missouri, 63017, USA
| | - Seth Polydore
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Tracy Ficor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Erica Agnew
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Kristina Haines
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Kathleen Greenham
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Noah Fahlgren
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Todd C Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Malia A Gehan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
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23
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Yu B, Chao DY, Zhao Y. How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress. J Integr Plant Biol 2024; 66:394-423. [PMID: 38329193 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants. Plants sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water deficiency. Scientists have studied how plants sense drought stress, or osmotic stress caused by drought, ever since Charles Darwin, and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants. Osmotic stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level, including changes in turgor, cell wall stiffness and integrity, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume, and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream responses. In this review, we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms, compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms, prospected how plants sense changes in turgor, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants, animals, yeasts, and bacteria, summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs, such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation, membrane water permeability, root hydrotropism, root halotropism, Casparian strip and suberin lamellae, and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple osmosensors. We also discussed the core scientific questions, provided perspective about the future directions in this field, and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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24
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Igwe AN, Pearse IS, Aguilar JM, Strauss SY, Vannette RL. Plant species within Streptanthoid Complex associate with distinct microbial communities that shift to be more similar under drought. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11174. [PMID: 38529025 PMCID: PMC10961476 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged water stress can shift rhizoplane microbial communities, yet whether plant phylogenetic relatedness or drought tolerance predicts microbial responses is poorly understood. To explore this question, eight members of the Streptanthus clade with varying affinity to serpentine soil were subjected to three watering regimes. Rhizoplane bacterial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and we compared the impact of watering treatment, soil affinity, and plant species identity on bacterial alpha and diversity. We determined which taxa were enriched among drought treatments using DESeq2 and identified features of soil affinity using random forest analysis. We show that water stress has a greater impact on microbial community structure than soil affinity or plant identity, even within a genus. Drought reduced alpha diversity overall, but plant species did not strongly differentiate alpha diversity. Watering altered the relative abundance of bacterial genera within Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Acidobacteria, which responded similarly in the rhizoplane of most plant species. In addition, bacterial communities were more similar when plants received less water. Pseudarthrobacter was identified as a feature of affinity to serpentine soil while Bradyrhizobium, Chitinophaga, Rhodanobacter, and Paenibacillus were features associated with affinity to nonserpentine soils among Streptanthus. The homogenizing effect of drought on microbial communities and the increasing prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria across all plant species suggest that effects of water stress on root-associated microbiome structure may be predictable among closely related plant species that inhabit very different soil environments. The functional implications of observed changes in microbiome composition remain to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria N. Igwe
- Entomology and NematologyUniversity of California – DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Ian S. Pearse
- Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California – DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Sharon Y. Strauss
- Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California – DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel L. Vannette
- Entomology and NematologyUniversity of California – DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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25
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Shovon TA, Auge H, Haase J, Nock CA. Positive effects of tree species diversity on productivity switch to negative after severe drought mortality in a temperate forest experiment. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17252. [PMID: 38501719 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a large body of evidence from field experiments suggests more diverse plant communities are more productive as well as more resistant to the effects of climatic extremes like drought. However, this view is strongly based on data from grasslands due to the limited empirical evidence from tree diversity experiments. Here we report on the relationship between tree diversity and productivity over 10 years in a field experiment established in 2005 that was then affected by the 2018 mega-drought in central Europe. Across a number of years, tree species diversity and productivity were significantly positively related; however, the slope switched to negative in the year of the drought. Net diversity effects increased through time, with complementarity effects making greater contributions to the net diversity effect than selection effects. Complementarity effects were clearly positive in three- and five-species mixtures before the drought (2012-2016) but were found to decrease in the year of the drought. Selection effects were clearly positive in 2016 and remained positive in the drought year 2018 in two-, three-, and five-species mixtures. The survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies) plummeted in response to the drought, and a negative relationship between species diversity and spruce survival was found. Taken together, our findings suggest that tree diversity per se may not buffer communities against the impacts of extreme drought and that tree species composition and the drought tolerance of tree species (i.e., species identity) will be important determinants of community productivity as the prevalence of drought increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed Shovon
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harald Auge
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephine Haase
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Charles A Nock
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Brown C, Rodriguez Buritica S, Goldberg DE, Reichenbacher F, Venable DL, Webb RH, Wilder BT. One hundred and six years of change in a Sonoran Desert plant community: Impact of climate anomalies and trends in species sensitivities. Ecology 2024; 105:e4194. [PMID: 37882101 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A major restriction in predicting plant community response to future climate change is a lack of long-term data needed to properly assess species and community response to climate and identify a baseline to detect climate anomalies. Here, we use a 106-year dataset on a Sonoran Desert plant community to test the role of extreme temperature and precipitation anomalies on community dynamics at the decadal scale and over time. Additionally, we tested the climate sensitivity of 39 desert plant species and whether sensitivity was associated with growth form, longevity, geographic range, or local dominance. We found that desert plant communities had shifted directionally over the 106 years, but the climate had little influence on this directional change primarily due to nonlinear shifts in precipitation anomalies. Decadal-scale climate had the largest impact on species richness, species relative density, and total plant cover, explaining up to 26%, 45%, and 55% of the variance in each, respectively. Drought and the interaction between the frequency of freeze events and above-average summer precipitation were among the most influential climate factors. Increased drought frequency and wetter periods with frequent freeze events led to larger reductions in total plant cover, species richness, and the relative densities of dominant subshrubs Ambrosia deltoidea and Encelia farinosa. More than 80% of the tested species were sensitive to climate, but sensitivity was not associated with a species' local dominance, longevity, geographic range, or growth form. Some species appear to exhibit demographic buffering, where when they have a higher sensitivity to drought, they also tend to have a higher sensitivity to favorable (i.e., wetter and hotter) conditions. Overall, our results suggest that, while decadal-scale climate variation substantially impacts these desert plant communities, directional change in temperature over the last century has had little impact due to the relative importance of precipitation and drought. With projections of increased drought in this region, we may see reductions in total vegetation cover and species richness due to the loss of species, possibly through a breakdown in their ability to demographically buffer climatic variation, potentially changing community dynamics through a change in facilitative and competitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Brown
- Desert Laboratory on Tumamoc Hill, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Deborah E Goldberg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Frank Reichenbacher
- Desert Laboratory on Tumamoc Hill, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - D Lawrence Venable
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert H Webb
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin T Wilder
- Next Generation Sonoran Desert Researchers (N-Gen), Tucson, Arizona, USA
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27
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Dietrich P, Ebeling A, Meyer ST, Asato AEB, Bröcher M, Gleixner G, Huang Y, Roscher C, Schmid B, Vogel A, Eisenhauer N. Plant diversity and community age stabilize ecosystem multifunctionality. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17225. [PMID: 38462708 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that biodiversity positively affects ecosystem functioning, leading to enhanced ecosystem stability. However, this knowledge is mainly based on analyses using single ecosystem functions, while studies focusing on the stability of ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) are rare. Taking advantage of a long-term grassland biodiversity experiment, we studied the effect of plant diversity (1-60 species) on EMF over 5 years, its temporal stability, as well as multifunctional resistance and resilience to a 2-year drought event. Using split-plot treatments, we further tested whether a shared history of plants and soil influences the studied relationships. We calculated EMF based on functions related to plants and higher-trophic levels. Plant diversity enhanced EMF in all studied years, and this effect strengthened over the study period. Moreover, plant diversity increased the temporal stability of EMF and fostered resistance to reoccurring drought events. Old plant communities with shared plant and soil history showed a stronger plant diversity-multifunctionality relationship and higher temporal stability of EMF than younger communities without shared histories. Our results highlight the importance of old and biodiverse plant communities for EMF and its stability to extreme climate events in a world increasingly threatened by global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dietrich
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian T Meyer
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Elizabeth Bonato Asato
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bröcher
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Gleixner
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Vogel
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Duell EB, Baum KA, Wilson GWT. Drought reduces productivity and anti-herbivore defences, but not mycorrhizal associations, of perennial prairie forbs. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2024; 26:204-213. [PMID: 38168486 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
During drought, plants allocate resources to aboveground biomass production and belowground carbohydrate reserves, often at the expense of production of defence traits. Additionally, drought has been shown to alter floral resources, with potential implications for plant-pollinator interactions. Although soil symbionts, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, can alleviate drought stress in plants, certain levels of drought may negatively impact this relationship, with potential cascading effects. Because of their importance to plant and animal community diversity, we examined effects of drought on biomass production, physical defence properties, nectar production, and associated AM fungal abundance of five common prairie forb species in a greenhouse study. Reduced soil moisture decreased vegetative biomass production. Production of trichomes and latex decreased under drought, relative to well-watered conditions. Ruellia humilis flowers produced less nectar under drought, relative to well-watered conditions. Intra-radical AM fungal colonization was not significantly affected by drought, although extra-radical AM fungal biomass associated with S. azurea decreased following drought. Overall, grassland forb productivity, defence, and nectar production were negatively impacted by moderate drought, with possible negative implications for biotic interactions. Reduced flower and nectar production may lead to fewer pollinator visitors, which may contribute to seed limitation in forb species. Reduced physical defences increase the likelihood of herbivory, further decreasing the ability to store energy for essential functions, such as reproduction. Together, these results suggest drought can potentially impact biotic interactions between plants and herbivores, pollinators, and soil symbionts, and highlights the need for direct assessments of these relationships under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Duell
- Kansas Biological Survey & Center for Ecological Research, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - K A Baum
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - G W T Wilson
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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29
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Montesinos-Navarro A, López-Climent MF, Pérez-Clemente RM, Arenas-Sánchez C, Sánchez-Martín R, Gómez-Cadenas A, Verdú M. Plant metabolic response to stress in an arid ecosystem is mediated by the presence of neighbors. Ecology 2024; 105:e4247. [PMID: 38267011 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant neighbors in arid environments can ameliorate abiotic stress by reducing insolation, but they also attract herbivores and pathogens, especially when neighbors are close relatives that share similar antagonists. Plants' metabolic profiles provide a chemical fingerprint of the physiological processes behind plant responses to different environmental stresses. For example, abscisic acid and proline, mainly involved in stomatal closure and osmotic adjustment, can induce plant responses to abiotic stress, while jasmonic acid and salicylic acid primarily regulate plant defense to herbivory or pathogens. Neighbor plants can generate contrasting ecological contexts, modulating plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. We hypothesize that plant metabolic profile is modulated by its neighbors in a vegetation patch, expecting a higher investment in metabolites related to biotic-stress tolerance (i.e., herbivory or pathogens) when growing associated with other plants, especially to phylogenetically close relatives, compared to plants growing alone. We show that plants from five species growing with neighbors invest more in biotic-stress tolerance while their conspecifics, growing alone, invest more in abiotic-stress tolerance. This tendency in plants' metabolic profiles was not affected by the phylogenetic diversity of their neighborhood. Linking physiological snapshots with community processes can contribute to elucidating metabolic profiles derived from plant-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Montesinos-Navarro
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria F López-Climent
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Rosa M Pérez-Clemente
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Cristina Arenas-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Martín
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Miguel Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera, Valencia, Spain
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30
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Balasubramanian VK, Veličković D, Rubio Wilhelmi MDM, Anderton CR, Stewart CN, DiFazio S, Blumwald E, Ahkami AH. Spatiotemporal metabolic responses to water deficit stress in distinct leaf cell-types of poplar. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1346853. [PMID: 38495374 PMCID: PMC10940329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1346853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The impact of water-deficit (WD) stress on plant metabolism has been predominantly studied at the whole tissue level. However, plant tissues are made of several distinct cell types with unique and differentiated functions, which limits whole tissue 'omics'-based studies to determine only an averaged molecular signature arising from multiple cell types. Advancements in spatial omics technologies provide an opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to WD stress at distinct cell-type levels. Here, we studied the spatiotemporal metabolic responses of two poplar (Populus tremula× P. alba) leaf cell types -palisade and vascular cells- to WD stress using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We identified unique WD stress-mediated metabolic shifts in each leaf cell type when exposed to early and prolonged WD stresses and recovery from stress. During water-limited conditions, flavonoids and phenolic metabolites were exclusively accumulated in leaf palisade cells. However, vascular cells mainly accumulated sugars and fatty acids during stress and recovery conditions, respectively, highlighting the functional divergence of leaf cell types in response to WD stress. By comparing our MALDI-MSI metabolic data with whole leaf tissue gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolic profile, we identified only a few metabolites including monosaccharides, hexose phosphates, and palmitic acid that showed a similar accumulation trend at both cell-type and whole leaf tissue levels. Overall, this work highlights the potential of the MSI approach to complement the whole tissue-based metabolomics techniques and provides a novel spatiotemporal understanding of plant metabolic responses to WD stress. This will help engineer specific metabolic pathways at a cellular level in strategic perennial trees like poplars to help withstand future aberrations in environmental conditions and to increase bioenergy sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kumar Balasubramanian
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States
| | - Dušan Veličković
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Christopher R. Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Stephen DiFazio
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amir H. Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States
- Adjoint Faculty, School of Biological Science (SBS), Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA, United States
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Giantin S, Franzin A, Brusa F, Montemurro V, Bozzetta E, Caprai E, Fedrizzi G, Girolami F, Nebbia C. Overview of Cyanide Poisoning in Cattle from Sorghum halepense and S. bicolor Cultivars in Northwest Italy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:743. [PMID: 38473128 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorghum plants naturally produce dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside that may be hydrolysed to cyanide, resulting in often-lethal toxicoses. Ruminants are particularly sensitive to cyanogenic glycosides due to the active role of rumen microbiota in dhurrin hydrolysis. This work provides an overview of a poisoning outbreak that occurred in 5 farms in Northwest Italy in August 2022; a total of 66 cows died, and many others developed acute toxicosis after being fed on either cultivated (Sorghum bicolor) or wild Sorghum (Sorghum halepense). Clinical signs were recorded, and all cows received antidotal/supportive therapy. Dead animals were subjected to necropsy, and dhurrin content was determined in Sorghum specimens using an LC-MS/MS method. Rapid onset, severe respiratory distress, recumbency and convulsions were the main clinical features; bright red blood, a bitter almond smell and lung emphysema were consistently observed on necropsy. The combined i.v. and oral administration of sodium thiosulphate resulted in a rapid improvement of clinical signs. Dhurrin concentrations corresponding to cyanide levels higher than the tolerated threshold of 200 mg/kg were detected in sorghum specimens from 4 out of 5 involved farms; thereafter, such levels declined, reaching tolerable concentrations in September-October. Feeding cattle with wild or cultivated Sorghum as green fodder is a common practice in Northern Italy, especially in summer. However, care should be taken in case of adverse climatic conditions, such as severe drought and tropical temperatures (characterising summer 2022), which are reported to increase dhurrin synthesis and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giantin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Alberico Franzin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Brusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Vittoria Montemurro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caprai
- National Reference Laboratory for Natural Toxins in Food and Feed, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Pietro Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- National Reference Laboratory for Natural Toxins in Food and Feed, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Pietro Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Gao D, Luster J, Zürcher A, Arend M, Bai E, Gessler A, Rigling A, Schaub M, Hartmann M, Werner RA, Joseph J, Poll C, Hagedorn F. Drought resistance and resilience of rhizosphere communities in forest soils from the cellular to ecosystem scale - insights from 13 C pulse labeling. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38402527 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The link between above- and belowground communities is a key uncertainty in drought and rewetting effects on forest carbon (C) cycle. In young beech model ecosystems and mature naturally dry pine forest exposed to 15-yr-long irrigation, we performed 13 C pulse labeling experiments, one during drought and one 2 wk after rewetting, tracing tree assimilates into rhizosphere communities. The 13 C pulses applied in tree crowns reached soil microbial communities of the young and mature forests one and 4 d later, respectively. Drought decreased the transfer of labeled assimilates relative to the irrigation treatment. The 13 C label in phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) indicated greater drought reduction of assimilate incorporation by fungi (-85%) than by gram-positive (-43%) and gram-negative bacteria (-58%). 13 C label incorporation was more strongly reduced for PLFAs (cell membrane) than for microbial cytoplasm extracted by chloroform. This suggests that fresh rhizodeposits are predominantly used for osmoregulation or storage under drought, at the expense of new cell formation. Two weeks after rewetting, 13 C enrichment in PLFAs was greater in previously dry than in continuously moist soils. Drought and rewetting effects were greater in beech systems than in pine forest. Belowground C allocation and rhizosphere communities are highly resilient to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Gao
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Jörg Luster
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alois Zürcher
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Arend
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Physiological Plant Ecology, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edith Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jobin Joseph
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christian Poll
- Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Mantova M, Johnson DM, Antebi J, Beery S, Blumstein M, Cohen R, Defavari F, Feng X, Feuer E, Gersony J, Hammond WM, John G, Marchin RM, Mau Y, Miller B, Nibbelink C, Ossola A, Paquette A, Rademacher T, Rissanen K, Shemesh-Mayer E, Skelton R, Wilkening JV, Preisler Y. Monitoring urban trees across the world. Report from the Urban Trees Ecophysiology Network (UTEN) inaugural workshop: The Urban Trees Ecophysiology Network inaugural workshop, Georgia Center at the University of Georgia, Athens, United States, March 2023. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38385799 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marylou Mantova
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Sara Beery
- MIT EECS Faculty of AI and Decision Making, 15 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Meghan Blumstein
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, 15 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ron Cohen
- TreeTube Ltd, 13 Hapalmach KA, Ramat-Gan, 5590500, Israel
| | - Felipe Defavari
- ICT International Pty Ltd, 211 Mann St., Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- St Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Erez Feuer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jess Gersony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, 01060, USA
| | - William M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Grace John
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Renée M Marchin
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Yair Mau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Bill Miller
- LI-COR Biosciences Inc., Lincoln, NE, 68504, USA
| | - Clara Nibbelink
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Alessandro Ossola
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tim Rademacher
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, J0V 1V0, Canada
- Centre ACER, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 0B8, Canada
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
| | - Kaisa Rissanen
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Einat Shemesh-Mayer
- Agriculture Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center Hamakabim, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Robert Skelton
- SAEON Fynbos Node, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Kirstenbosch Gardens, Cape Town, 7708, South Africa
- Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa
| | - Jean V Wilkening
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- St Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Yakir Preisler
- Agriculture Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center Hamakabim, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Sutour S, Doan VC, Mateo P, Züst T, Hartmann ER, Glauser G, Robert CAM. Isolation and Structure Determination of Drought-Induced Multihexose Benzoxazinoids from Maize ( Zea mays). J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:3427-3435. [PMID: 38336361 PMCID: PMC10885146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids (BXDs) are plant specialized metabolites exerting a pivotal role in plant nutrition, allelopathy, and defenses. Multihexose benzoxazinoids were previously observed in cereal-based food products such as whole-grain bread. However, their production in plants and exact structure have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that drought induced the production of di-, tri-, and even tetrahexose BXDs in maize roots and leaves. We performed an extensive nuclear magnetic resonance study and elucidated the nature and linkage of the sugar units, which were identified as gentiobiose units β-linked (1″ → 6') for the dihexoses and (1″ → 6')/(1‴ → 6″) for the trihexoses. Drought induced the production of DIMBOA-2Glc, DIMBOA-3Glc, HMBOA-2Glc, HMBOA-3Glc, and HDMBOA-2Glc. The induction was common among several maize lines and the strongest in seven-day-old seedlings. This work provides ground to further characterize the BXD synthetic pathway, its relevance in maize-environment interactions, and its impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Sutour
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Van Cong Doan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Plant Physiology Unit, The Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology of the University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Pierre Mateo
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Züst
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Aurélie Maud Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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Renó V, Cardellicchio A, Romanjenko BC, Guadagno CR. AI-assisted image analysis and physiological validation for progressive drought detection in a diverse panel of Gossypium hirsutum L. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1305292. [PMID: 38449576 PMCID: PMC10915054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1305292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Drought detection, spanning from early stress to severe conditions, plays a crucial role in maintaining productivity, facilitating recovery, and preventing plant mortality. While handheld thermal cameras have been widely employed to track changes in leaf water content and stomatal conductance, research on thermal image classification remains limited due mainly to low resolution and blurry images produced by handheld cameras. Methods In this study, we introduce a computer vision pipeline to enhance the significance of leaf-level thermal images across 27 distinct cotton genotypes cultivated in a greenhouse under progressive drought conditions. Our approach involved employing a customized software pipeline to process raw thermal images, generating leaf masks, and extracting a range of statistically relevant thermal features (e.g., min and max temperature, median value, quartiles, etc.). These features were then utilized to develop machine learning algorithms capable of assessing leaf hydration status and distinguishing between well-watered (WW) and dry-down (DD) conditions. Results Two different classifiers were trained to predict the plant treatment-random forest and multilayer perceptron neural networks-finding 75% and 78% accuracy in the treatment prediction, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the predicted versus true labels based on classic physiological indicators of drought in plants, including volumetric soil water content, leaf water potential, and chlorophyll a fluorescence, to provide more insights and possible explanations about the classification outputs. Discussion Interestingly, mislabeled leaves mostly exhibited notable responses in fluorescence, water uptake from the soil, and/or leaf hydration status. Our findings emphasize the potential of AI-assisted thermal image analysis in enhancing the informative value of common heterogeneous datasets for drought detection. This application suggests widening the experimental settings to be used with deep learning models, designing future investigations into the genotypic variation in plant drought response and potential optimization of water management in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Renó
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council of Italy (CNR STIIMA), Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Cardellicchio
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council of Italy (CNR STIIMA), Bari, Italy
| | | | - Carmela Rosaria Guadagno
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
- Science Initiative, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
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Mertens S, Verbraeken L, Sprenger H, Demuynck K, Maleux K, Cannoot B, De Block J, Maere S, Nelissen H, Bonaventure G, Crafts-Brandner SJ, Vogel JT, Bruce W, Inzé D, Wuyts N. Corrigendum: Proximal hyperspectral imaging detects diurnal and drought-induced changes in maize physiology. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1379654. [PMID: 38450398 PMCID: PMC10916789 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1379654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640914.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stien Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Verbraeken
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Wesley Bruce
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Gauthey A, Bachofen C, Chin A, Cochard H, Gisler J, Mas E, Meusburger K, Peters RL, Schaub M, Tunas A, Zweifel R, Grossiord C. Twenty years of irrigation acclimation is driven by denser canopies and not by plasticity in twig- and needle-level hydraulics in a Pinus sylvestris forest. J Exp Bot 2024:erae066. [PMID: 38375924 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to increase atmospheric vapor pressure deficit, exacerbating soil drought, and thus enhancing tree evaporative demand and mortality. Yet, few studies have addressed the longer-term drought acclimation strategy of trees, particularly the importance of morphological vs. hydraulic plasticity. Using a long-term (20 years) irrigation experiment in a natural forest, we investigated the acclimation of Pinus sylvestris morpho-anatomical (stomatal anatomy and crown density) and hydraulic traits (leaf water potential, vulnerability to cavitation Ψ50, hydraulic conductivity Ks, and tree water deficit TWD) to prolonged changes in soil moisture. We found that low water availability reduced twig water potential and increased TWD during the growing season. Still, the trees showed limited adjustments in most branch-level hydraulic traits (Ψ50 and Ks) and needle anatomy. In contrast, trees acclimated to prolonged irrigation by increasing their crown density and, hence, the canopy water demand. This study demonstrates that despite substantial canopy adjustments, P. sylvestris may be vulnerable to extreme droughts because of limited adjustment potential in their hydraulic system. While sparser canopies reduce the water demand, such shifts take decades to occur under chronic water deficits and might not mitigate short-term extreme drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gauthey
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bachofen
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alana Chin
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRAE, PIAF, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jonas Gisler
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Eugénie Mas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Forest Soils and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Richard L Peters
- Physiological Plant Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alex Tunas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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De Pascali M, Greco D, Vergine M, Carluccio G, De Bellis L, Luvisi A. A Physiological and Molecular Focus on the Resistance of "Filippo Ceo" Almond Tree to Xylella fastidiosa. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:576. [PMID: 38475423 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The impact of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) subsp. pauca on the environment and economy of Southern Italy has been devastating. To restore the landscape and support the local economy, introducing new crops is crucial for restoring destroyed olive groves, and the almond tree (Prunus dulcis Mill. D. A. Webb) could be a promising candidate. This work focused on the resistance of the cultivar "Filippo Ceo" to Xf and evaluated its physiological and molecular responses to individual stresses (drought or pathogen stress) and combined stress factors under field conditions over three seasons. Filippo Ceo showed a low pathogen concentration (≈103 CFU mL-1) and a lack of almond leaf scorch symptoms. Physiologically, an excellent plant water status was observed (RWC 82-89%) regardless of the stress conditions, which was associated with an increased proline content compared to that of the control plants, particularly in response to Xf stress (≈8-fold). The plant's response did not lead to a gene modulation that was specific to different stress factors but seemed more indistinct: upregulation of the LEA and DHN gene transcripts by Xf was observed, while the PR transcript was upregulated by drought stress. In addition, the genes encoding the transcription factors (TFs) were differentially induced by stress conditions. Filippo Ceo could be an excellent cultivar for coexistence with Xf subps. pauca, confirming its resistance to both water stress and the pathogen, although this similar health status was achieved differently due to transcriptional reprogramming that results in the modulation of genes directly or indirectly involved in defence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria De Pascali
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Greco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marzia Vergine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giambattista Carluccio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Lan Y, Burca G, Yong JWH, Johansson E, Kuktaite R. New Insights into the Bio-Chemical Changes in Wheat Induced by Cd and Drought: What Can We Learn on Cd Stress Using Neutron Imaging? Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:554. [PMID: 38498534 PMCID: PMC10892926 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and drought stresses are becoming dominant in a changing climate. This study explored the impact of Cd and Cd + drought stress on durum wheat grown in soil and sand at two Cd levels. The physiological parameters were studied using classical methods, while the root architecture was explored using non-invasive neutron computed tomography (NCT) for the first time. Under Cd + drought, all the gas exchange parameters were significantly affected, especially at 120 mg/kg Cd + drought. Elevated Cd was found in the sand-grown roots. We innovatively show the Cd stress impact on the wheat root volume and architecture, and the water distribution in the "root-growing media" was successfully visualized using NCT. Diverse and varying root architectures were observed for soil and sand under the Cd stress compared to the non-stress conditions, as revealed using NCT. The intrinsic structure of the growing medium was responsible for a variation in the water distribution pattern. This study demonstrated a pilot approach to use NCT for quantitative and in situ mapping of Cd stress on wheat roots and visualized the water dynamics in the rhizosphere. The physiological and NCT data provide valuable information to relate further to genetic information for the identification of Cd-resilient wheat varieties in the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Lan
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (Y.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Genoveva Burca
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK;
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden;
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (Y.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Ramune Kuktaite
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (Y.L.); (E.J.)
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Das S, Sarkar S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal contribution towards plant resilience to drought conditions. Front Fungal Biol 2024; 5:1355999. [PMID: 38434188 PMCID: PMC10904651 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1355999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate changes cause altering rainfall patterns resulting in an increase in drought occurrences globally. These events are disrupting plants and agricultural productivity. To evade droughts, plants try to adapt and modify in the best capacities possible. The plants have adapted by structurally modifying roots, stems, and leaves, as well as modifying functions. Lately, the association of microbial communities with plants has also been proven to be an important factor in aiding resilience. The fungal representatives of the microbial community also help safeguard the plants against drought. We discuss how these fungi associate with plants and contribute to evading drought stress. We specifically focus on Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) mediated mechanisms involving antioxidant defenses, phytohormone mediations, osmotic adjustments, proline expressions, fungal water absorption and transport, morphological modifications, and photosynthesis. We believe understanding the mechanisms would help us to optimize the use of fungi in agricultural practices. That way we could better prepare the plants for the anticipated future drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Soumyadev Sarkar
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Kaneko T, Gould N, Campbell D, Clearwater MJ. Isohydric stomatal behaviour alters fruit vascular flows and minimizes fruit size reductions in drought-stressed 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Ann Bot 2024:mcae024. [PMID: 38366557 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant water status is important for fruit development, as many fleshy fruits contain large amounts of water. However, there is no information on vascular flows of Persea americana 'Hass' avocado. The aims of this research were to explore the impact of drought stress on the water relations of the 'Hass' avocado plant, and its fruit growth. METHODS Well-watered and water-stressed 'Hass' avocado plants were compared. Over four weeks, water flows through the shoot and fruit pedicel were monitored using external sap flow gauges. Fruit diameter was monitored using linear transducers (LTs), and stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A) and leaf and stem water potential (Ѱleaf and Ѱstem) were measured to assess the plants' response to water supply. KEY RESULTS Under well-watered conditions, the average water inflow to the shoot was 72 g d-1. Fruit water inflow was 2.72 g d-1, but there was water loss of 0.37 g d-1 caused by the outflow (loss back into the tree) through the vascular tissues, and 1.06 g d-1 from the fruit skin. Overall, fruit volume increased by 1.4 cm3 d-1. In contrast, water flow into fruit of water-stressed plants decreased to 1.88 g d-1, with the outflow increasing to 0.61 g d-1. As a result, increases in fruit volume were reduced to 0.4 cm3 d-1. Following re-watering, a substantial recovery in growth rate was observed. A, gs, and sap flow to shoots were also reduced during drought conditions. CONCLUSIONS In summary, a reduction in growth of avocado fruit was observed with induced water deficit, but the isohydric stomatal behaviour of the leaves helped to minimize negative changes in water balance. Also, there was substantial recovery after re-watering, hence the short-term water stress did not decrease avocado fruit size. Negative impacts might appear if the drought treatment were prolonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruko Kaneko
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hawke's Bay Research Centre, Havelock North, New Zealand
- Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Nick Gould
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Te Puke Research Centre, Te Puke, New Zealand
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Sapes G, Schroeder L, Scott A, Clark I, Juzwik J, Montgomery RA, Guzmán Q JA, Cavender-Bares J. Mechanistic links between physiology and spectral reflectance enable previsual detection of oak wilt and drought stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316164121. [PMID: 38315867 PMCID: PMC10873599 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316164121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tree mortality due to global change-including range expansion of invasive pests and pathogens-is a paramount threat to forest ecosystems. Oak forests are among the most prevalent and valuable ecosystems both ecologically and economically in the United States. There is increasing interest in monitoring oak decline and death due to both drought and the oak wilt pathogen (Bretziella fagacearum). We combined anatomical and ecophysiological measurements with spectroscopy at leaf, canopy, and airborne levels to enable differentiation of oak wilt and drought, and detection prior to visible symptom appearance. We performed an outdoor potted experiment with Quercus rubra saplings subjected to drought stress and/or artificially inoculated with the pathogen. Models developed from spectral reflectance accurately predicted ecophysiological indicators of oak wilt and drought decline in both potted and field experiments with naturally grown saplings. Both oak wilt and drought resulted in blocked water transport through xylem conduits. However, oak wilt impaired conduits in localized regions of the xylem due to formation of tyloses instead of emboli. The localized tylose formation resulted in more variable canopy photosynthesis and water content in diseased trees than drought-stressed ones. Reflectance signatures of plant photosynthesis, water content, and cellular damage detected oak wilt and drought 12 d before visual symptoms appeared. Our results show that leaf spectral reflectance models predict ecophysiological processes relevant to detection and differentiation of disease and drought. Coupling spectral models that detect physiological change with spatial information enhances capacity to differentiate plant stress types such as oak wilt and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Sapes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Lucy Schroeder
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - Allison Scott
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - Isaiah Clark
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - Jennifer Juzwik
- Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, St. Paul, MN55108
| | | | - J. Antonio Guzmán Q
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
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Ávila-Lovera E, Haro R, Choudhary M, Acosta-Rangel A, Pratt RB, Santiago LS. The benefits of woody plant stem photosynthesis extend to hydraulic function and drought survival in Parkinsonia florida. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpae013. [PMID: 38284819 PMCID: PMC10918054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
As climate change exacerbates drought stress in many parts of the world, understanding plant physiological mechanisms for drought survival is critical to predicting ecosystem responses. Stem net photosynthesis, which is common in arid environments, may be a drought survival trait, but whether the additional carbon fixed by stems contributes to plant hydraulic function and drought survival in arid land plants is untested. We conducted a stem light-exclusion experiment on saplings of a widespread North American desert tree species, Parkinsonia florida L., and after shading acclimation, we then subjected half of the plants to a drought treatment to test the interaction between light exclusion and water limitation on growth, leaf and stem photosynthetic gas exchange, xylem embolism assessed with micro-computed tomography and gravimetric techniques, and survival. Growth, stem photosynthetic gas exchange, hydraulic function and survival all showed expected reductions in response to light exclusion. However, stem photosynthesis mitigated the drought-induced reductions in gas exchange, xylem embolism (percent loss of conductivity, PLC) and mortality. The highest mortality was in the combined light exclusion and drought treatment, and was related to stem PLC and native sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity. This research highlights the integration of carbon economy and water transport. Our results show that additional carbon income by photosynthetic stems has an important role in the growth and survival of a widespread desert tree species during drought. This shift in function under conditions of increasing stress underscores the importance of considering stem photosynthesis for predicting drought-induced mortality not only for the additional supply of carbon, but also for its extended benefits for hydraulic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleinis Ávila-Lovera
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Roxana Haro
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Manika Choudhary
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aleyda Acosta-Rangel
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - R Brandon Pratt
- Department of Biology, California State University, 9001 Stockdale Hwy, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama
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Felouah OC, Ammad F, Adda A, Bouzid A, Gharnaout ML, Evon P, Merah O. Morpho-Anatomical Modulation of Seminal Roots in Response to Water Deficit in Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum var. durum). Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:487. [PMID: 38498479 PMCID: PMC10892463 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The productivity of durum wheat in Mediterranean regions is greatly reduced by water deficits that vary in intensity and time of occurrence. The development of more tolerant cultivars is the main solution for fighting these stresses, but this requires prior study of their mechanisms. The involvement of the root system in drought avoidance is of major importance. It is in this context that the present work attempts to establish the impact of morpho-anatomical remodeling of seminal roots on dehydration avoidance at the javelina stage in five durum wheat genotypes grown under three water regimes, 100%, 60% and 30% of field capacity (FC). In the last two treatments, which were applied by stopping irrigation, moisture was concentrated mainly in the depths of the substrate cylinders and was accompanied by greater root elongation compared with the control. The elongation reached rates of 20 and 22% in the ACSAD 1231 genotype and 12 and 13% in the Waha genotype, in the 60% FC and 30% FC treatments respectively. The seminal roots anatomy was also modified by water deficit in all genotypes but to different degrees. The diameter of vessels in the late metaxylem vessels was reduced, reaching 17.3 and 48.2% in the Waha genotype in the 60% FC and 30% FC treatments, respectively. The water deficit also increased the number of vessels in the early metaxylem, while reducing the diameter of its conducting vessels. ACSAD 1361 and Langlois genotypes stood out with the highest rates of diameter reduction. The morpho-anatomical transformations of the roots contributed effectively to the plants' absorption of water and, consequently, to the maintenance of a fairly high relative water content, approaching 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oum Cheikh Felouah
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology Applied to Aboveground Crops, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University-Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | - Faiza Ammad
- Laboratoire de Recherché Protection et Valorisation des Produits Agrobiologiques, Departement de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la vie, Université Blida-1, BP 270, Blida 09000, Algeria;
| | - Ahmed Adda
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria (A.B.)
| | - Assia Bouzid
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology Applied to Aboveground Crops, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University-Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | | | - Philippe Evon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France;
| | - Othmane Merah
- Département Génie Biologique, IUT A, Université Paul Sabatier, 32000 Auch, France;
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France;
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Yadav A, Mathan J, Dubey AK, Singh A. The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Response Signaling. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 38392968 PMCID: PMC10893181 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant species utilize a variety of regulatory mechanisms to ensure sustainable productivity. Within this intricate framework, numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial regulatory role in plant biology, surpassing the essential functions of RNA molecules as messengers, ribosomal, and transfer RNAs. ncRNAs represent an emerging class of regulators, operating directly in the form of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). These ncRNAs exert control at various levels, including transcription, post-transcription, translation, and epigenetic. Furthermore, they interact with each other, contributing to a variety of biological processes and mechanisms associated with stress resilience. This review primarily concentrates on the recent advancements in plant ncRNAs, delineating their functions in growth and development across various organs such as root, leaf, seed/endosperm, and seed nutrient development. Additionally, this review broadens its scope by examining the role of ncRNAs in response to environmental stresses such as drought, salt, flood, heat, and cold in plants. This compilation offers updated information and insights to guide the characterization of the potential functions of ncRNAs in plant growth, development, and stress resilience in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Yadav
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jyotirmaya Mathan
- Sashi Bhusan Rath Government Autonomous Women’s College, Brahmapur 760001, India;
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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46
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Morris PC, Reuveni M, Ortiz R. Editorial: Impact and mitigation of abiotic stress in cereals. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1374631. [PMID: 38463571 PMCID: PMC10921564 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moshe Reuveni
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ouyang S, Tie L, Saurer M, Bose AK, Duan H, Li M, Xu X, Shen W, Gessler A. Divergent role of nutrient availability in determining drought responses of sessile oak and Scots pine seedlings: evidence from 13C and 15N dual labeling. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpad105. [PMID: 37672222 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased soil nutrient availability can promote tree growth while drought impairs metabolic functioning and induces tree mortality. However, limited information is available about the role of nutrients in the drought responses of trees. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings, which were subjected to three fertilization treatments in the first year and two water regimes in the second year. Old and newly fixed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) allocation were traced by dual labeling with 13C and 15N tracers, respectively, at two time points. Leaf gas exchange, biomass, as well as N and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations of all organs were measured. Fertilization predisposed sessile oak to drought-induced mortality, mainly by prioritizing aboveground growth, C and N allocation, reducing root NSC concentrations and decreasing old C contribution to new growth of leaves. In contrast, fertilization did not additionally predispose Scots pine to drought, with minor effects of fertilization and drought on newly fixed and old C allocation, tissues N and NSC concentrations. The role of nutrients for drought responses of trees seems to be species-specific. Therefore, we suggest nutrient availability and species identity to be considered in the framework of physiological mechanisms affecting drought-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ouyang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arun K Bose
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Maihe Li
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- School of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8902, Switzerland
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Long RW, Pratt RB, Jacobsen AL. Drought resistance in two populations of invasive Tamarix compared using multiple methods. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpad140. [PMID: 38102766 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
An on-going question in plant hydraulic research is whether there is intra-specific variability and/or plasticity in xylem traits. Plasticity could be important in taxa that colonize diverse habitats. We used Tamarix, a non-native woody plant, to investigate population differences in hydraulic conductivity (Ks), vulnerability-to-embolism curves and vessel anatomy. We also conducted a season-long drought experiment to determine water potentials associated with crown dieback of field-grown plants. We measured vessel length and diameter, and compared visual (micro-computed tomography; microCT) and hydraulic methods to quantify percentage loss in hydraulic conductivity (PLC). Among plants grown in a common environment, we did not find differences in our measured traits between two populations of Tamarix that differ in salinity at their source habitats. This taxon is relatively vulnerable to embolism. Within samples, large diameter vessels displayed increased vulnerability to embolism. We found that the microCT method overestimated theoretical conductivity and underestimated PLC compared with the hydraulic method. We found agreement for water potentials leading to crown dieback and results from the hydraulic method. Saplings, grown under common conditions in the present study, did not differ in their xylem traits, but prior research has found difference among source-site grown adults. This suggests that plasticity may be key in the success of Tamarix occurring across a range of habits in the arid southwest USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall W Long
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark, 615 S Palantine Rd, Portland, OR 97219, USA
| | - R Brandon Pratt
- Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, 9001 Stockdale HWY, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA
| | - Anna L Jacobsen
- Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, 9001 Stockdale HWY, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA
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Jupa R, Pokorná K. Bark wounding triggers gradual embolism spreading in two diffuse-porous tree species. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpad132. [PMID: 37930242 PMCID: PMC10849750 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Xylem transport is essential for the growth, development and survival of vascular plants. Bark wounding may increase the risk of xylem transport failure by tension-driven embolism. However, the consequences of bark wounding for xylem transport are poorly understood. Here, we examined the impacts of the bark wounding on embolism formation, leaf water potential and gas exchange in the terminal branches of two diffuse-porous tree species (Acer platanoides L. and Prunus avium L.). The effects of bark removal were examined on field-grown mature trees exposed to increased evaporative demands on a short-term and longer-term basis (6 h vs 6 days after bark wounding). Bark removal of 30% of branch circumference had a limited effect on the xylem hydraulic conductivity when embolized vessels were typically restricted to the last annual ring near the bark wound. Over the 6-day exposure, the non-conductive xylem area had significantly increased in the xylem tissue underneath the bark wound (from 22-29% to 51-52% of the last annual ring area in the bark wound zone), pointing to gradual yet relatively limited embolism spreading to deeper xylem layers over time. In both species, the bark removal tended to result in a small but non-significant increase in the percent loss of hydraulic conductivity compared with control intact branches 6 days after bark wounding (from 6 to 8-10% in both species). The bark wounding had no significant effects on midday leaf water potential, CO2 assimilation rates, stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency of the leaves of the current-year shoot, possibly due to limited impacts on xylem transport. The results of this study demonstrate that bark wounding induces limited but gradual embolism spreading. However, the impacts of bark wounding may not significantly limit water delivery to distal organs and leaf gas exchange at the scale of several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Jupa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Pokorná
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
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Li W, Liu J, Li Z, Ye R, Chen W, Huang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Hu H, Zheng P, Fang Z, Tao Z, Song S, Pan R, Zhang J, Tu J, Sheen J, Du H. Mitigating growth-stress tradeoffs via elevated TOR signaling in rice. Mol Plant 2024; 17:240-257. [PMID: 38053337 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice production accounts for approximately half of the freshwater resources utilized in agriculture, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions such as methane (CH4) from flooded paddy fields. To address this challenge, environmentally friendly and cost-effective water-saving techniques have become widely adopted in rice cultivation. However, the implementation of water-saving treatments (WSTs) in paddy-field rice has been associated with a substantial yield loss of up to 50% as well as a reduction in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). In this study, we discovered that the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is compromised in rice under WST. Polysome profiling-coupled transcriptome sequencing (polysome-seq) analysis unveiled a substantial reduction in global translation in response to WST associated with the downregulation of TOR activity. Molecular, biochemical, and genetic analyses revealed new insights into the impact of the positive TOR-S6K-RPS6 and negative TOR-MAF1 modules on translation repression under WST. Intriguingly, ammonium exhibited a greater ability to alleviate growth constraints under WST by enhancing TOR signaling, which simultaneously promoted uptake and utilization of ammonium and nitrogen allocation. We further demonstrated that TOR modulates the ammonium transporter AMT1;1 as well as the amino acid permease APP1 and dipeptide transporter NPF7.3 at the translational level through the 5' untranslated region. Collectively, these findings reveal that enhancing TOR signaling could mitigate rice yield penalty due to WST by regulating the processes involved in protein synthesis and NUE. Our study will contribute to the breeding of new rice varieties with increased water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ruiqiang Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huayi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zeng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ronghui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jumim Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
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