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Masele JJ. Misinformation and COVID-19 vaccine uptake hesitancy among frontline workers in Tanzania: Do demographic variables matter? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2324527. [PMID: 38584120 PMCID: PMC11000596 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2324527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 vaccination has been widely considered as an important remedy to confront COVID-19, people remain hesitant to take it. The objective of this study was to assess the moderation effects of demographic characteristics on the relationship between forms of misinformation and COVID-19 vaccine uptake hesitancy among frontline workers in Dar es Salaam and Dodoma, Tanzania. Using a sample of 200 respondents, it assessed the differences in ratings on misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccine based on respondents' demographics. The study used a Five-point Likert scale questionnaire distributed through snowball sampling to frontline workers from Dar es Salaam and Dodoma regions. Data was analyzed using binary logistic regression. It was found that the forms of misinformation revealed were manipulated imposters, satire, fabricated contents and false contents with their connection, which they influenced COVID-19 hesitancy significantly. With exception of age, that significantly moderated hesitancy, this study uncovers that, sex and education level moderated insignificantly in predicting those who are misinformed; misinformed individuals are not any less educated or not based on one's sex, different than individuals who are informed. The study informs policy makers on devising appropriate strategies to promote COVID-19 vaccination uptake among the different contextual demographic variables. Promotion of information, media and health literacy to the general public should be considered to deter spreading of vaccine-related misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma James Masele
- Department of General Management, University of Dar es Salaam Business School, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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2
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Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. Who needs education on LGBTQIA+ healthcare inclusion? Med Educ Online 2024; 29:2329403. [PMID: 38484289 PMCID: PMC10946259 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2329403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The topic of education on healthcare needs and equity of care for LGBTQIA+ populations is an extremely current issue. There is a demand for education on these topics not only from medical and other health sciences students but also from established healthcare professionals. Given this widespread educational deficiency, it is natural to ask whether the teaching class is prepared to satisfy these requests or in turn needs training on these issues and above all whether it is capable of transmitting attention and sensitivity on the issues of inclusion and equality in needs of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Technical Group for the Coordination of Gender Medicine, Regione Abruzzo, Italy
| | - Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Technical Group for the Coordination of Gender Medicine, Regione Abruzzo, Italy
- Long-Term Care Unit, “Maria SS. dello Splendore” Hospital, Giulianova, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
- President bachelor’s degree in Nursing, “Teramo hub” University of L’Aquila, Teramo, Italy
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3
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Abdelnabi SJ, Munro-Kramer ML, Moyer CA, Williams JE, Lori JR. Ghanaian women's experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) during group antenatal care: a brief report from a cluster randomised controlled trial. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2325250. [PMID: 38577830 PMCID: PMC11000608 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2325250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts women of reproductive age globally and can lead to significant negative consequences during pregnancy. This study describes an exploratory aim of a cluster randomised controlled trial designed to assess the outcomes of Group Antenatal Care (ANC) in Ghana. The purpose was to understand the effect of a healthy relationship Group ANC module on experiences of IPV and safety planning as well as to explore the relationship between self-efficacy on the experiences of IPV and safety planning. Data were collected at baseline and at 11-14 months postpartum (post). Survey measures captured reported experiences of violence, self-efficacy, and safety. The chi-square test was used to compare baseline and post scores, and a logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of self-efficacy on the experiences of IPV in both groups. The sample included 1,751 participants, of whom 27.9% reported IPV at baseline. Between baseline and postpartum, there was a small increase in reported emotional (6.2% vs. 4.6%) and sexual (5.4% vs. 3.2%) violence in the intervention group compared to the control group. Logistic regression demonstrated that an increasing self-efficacy score was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing IPV. There were no changes in safety knowledge. This study found higher rates of reported sexual and emotional violence post-intervention among the intervention group. Group ANC may be just one part of a portfolio of interventions needed to address IPV at all socio-ecological levels.Paper ContextMain findings: There was no reduction in experiences of intimate partner violence or increases in safety planning among Ghanaian pregnant women participating in a Group Antenatal Care session focused on healthy relationships and safety planning.Added knowledge: Group Antenatal Care has been identified as an effective modality for providing antenatal care and facilitating conversations about sensitive topics such as intimate partner violence and safety. However, this study highlights the importance of developing multifaceted approaches to decrease the risk of intimate partner violence among women, especially during the critical times of pregnancy and postpartum.Global health impact for policy and action: Effective global health action and policy must extend beyond educational efforts, incorporating multifaceted strategies that include healthcare provider training, robust community engagement, and legislation aimed at preventing intimate partner violence, with a special focus on safeguarding the well-being of women during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheryl A. Moyer
- Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jody R. Lori
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Buttazzoni A, Pham J, Nelson Ferguson K, Fabri E, Clark A, Tobin D, Frisbee N, Gilliland J. Supporting children's participation in active travel: developing an online road safety intervention through a collaborative integrated knowledge translation approach. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2320183. [PMID: 38431847 PMCID: PMC10911243 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2320183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though regular engagement in physical activity (PA) among children can support their development and encourage the adoption of healthy lifelong habits, most do not achieve their recommended guidelines. Active travel (AT), or any form of human-powered travel (e.g., walking), can be a relatively accessible, manageable, and sustainable way to promote children's PA. One common barrier to children's engagement in AT, however, is a reported lack of education and training. To support children's participation in AT, this paper presents the development of a comprehensive 4-module online road safety education intervention designed to improve children's knowledge and confidence regarding AT. Using a qualitative integrated knowledge translation (iKT) approach undertaken with community collaborators (n = 50) containing expertise in health promotion, public safety, school administration, and transportation planning, our inductive thematic analysis generated fourth themes which constituted the foundation of the intervention modules: Active Travel Knowledge: Awareness of Benefits and Participation; Pedestrian Safety and Skills: Roles, Responsibilities, and Rules; Signs and Infrastructure: Identification, Literacy, and Behaviour; Wheeling Safety and Skills: Technical Training and Personal Maneuvers. Each theme/module was then linked to an explicit learning objective and connected to complementary knowledge activities, resources, and skill development exercises. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Buttazzoni
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Pham
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kendra Nelson Ferguson
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Fabri
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Tobin
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Frisbee
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Oscherwitz M, Lovell K, Markham D, Pichardo R, Feldman SR. Differential access to psoriasis biologic information in English and Spanish. JAAD Int 2024; 15:87-90. [PMID: 38495539 PMCID: PMC10940758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Max Oscherwitz
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Katie Lovell
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dane Markham
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Rita Pichardo
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Steven R. Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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6
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Tunprasert T, Clarke C. Diversifying podiatry placements: The future of podiatry education. J Foot Ankle Res 2024; 17:e12006. [PMID: 38593252 DOI: 10.1002/jfa2.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
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7
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Fisher C, McDonald V, Carroll MJ, Walker C, Durand SC, Fogger S. Outcomes of an Interprofessional Opioid Training Program for Graduate Students in Nursing and Social Work. Soc Work Public Health 2024; 39:379-392. [PMID: 38482834 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2327576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Social workers and other behavioral health professionals trained to provide prevention, treatment, and recovery services for opioid use disorders (OUD) remain urgently needed in the U.S. particularly in states with widespread health professional shortage areas. To help mitigate this workforce gap, faculty in social work and nursing at a public university in Alabama developed and piloted an innovative HRSA-funded interprofessional traineeship to prepare graduate-level nursing and social work students to assess and treat opioid use disorders (OUD). The yearlong traineeship included specialized coursework on evidenced-based practice in addictions, interprofessional telemedicine and simulation training, and multi-semester field practica in outpatient treatment settings. Impact of the pilot training was evaluated using a pre-experimental one group design. Baseline and post-training surveys assessed knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to OUD and interprofessional practice and perceived program impact. Significant increases were observed for trainees' self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Moreover, at graduation students reported that the traineeship had improved their abilities to interact with underserved populations, collaborate interprofessionally, and understand ethical issues in SUD treatment as well as enhancing their professional competence, clinical problem-solving, and health workforce skills. Findings suggest that the interprofessional training program may prepare social work and nursing graduate students to effectively serve clients with OUD and help to address a critical workforce gap in medically underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Fisher
- Department of Social Work, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victoria McDonald
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary Jacque Carroll
- Department of Social Work, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chris Walker
- Department of Social Work, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Simone C Durand
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susanne Fogger
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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8
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Kroshus E, Steiner MK, Chrisman SPD, Lion KC, Rivara F, Lowry SJ, Strelitz B, Klein EJ. Improving post-concussion discharge education for families seeking emergency department care: intervention development. Brain Inj 2024; 38:479-488. [PMID: 38441083 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2318595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric emergency departments (ED) are where many families receive post-concussion medical care and thus an important context for helping parents build skills to support their child after discharge. OBJECTIVE Develop a strategy for increasing parent provision of emotional and instrumental support to their child after discharge and conduct a pilot test of this strategy's acceptability. METHODS In a large pediatric ED in the United States, we partnered with parents (n = 15) and clinicians (n = 15) to understand needs and constraints related to discharge education and to operationalize a strategy to feasibly address these needs. This produced a brief daily text message intervention for parents for 10 days post-discharge. We used a sequential cohort design to assess the acceptability this intervention and its efficacy in changing parenting practices in the 2-weeks post-discharge (n = 98 parents). RESULTS Parents who received the messaging intervention rated it as highly acceptable and had meaningfully higher scores for emotionally supportive communication with their child in the two weeks post-discharge than parents in the control condition (Cohen's d = 0.65, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS This brief messaging intervention is a promising strategy for enhancing discharge education post-concussion that warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Kathleen Steiner
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara P D Chrisman
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Casey Lion
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frederick Rivara
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah J Lowry
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bonnie Strelitz
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eileen J Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Ullman J, Hobby L, Ferfolja T. Revalidating a Measure of Parents' Attitudes Toward Gender and Sexuality Diversity-Inclusive Curricula in an Australian National Sample. J Homosex 2024; 71:1536-1559. [PMID: 36883979 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2178355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper details revalidation of a higher-order (HO) version of the Parental Attitudes Toward Inclusiveness Instrument (PATII), measuring parents' attitudes toward curricular inclusivity of gender and sexuality diversity. The 48-item scale includes two HO factors: Supports and Barriers, and one first-order factor: Parental Capability. Responses from parents of government-school students (N = 2093) provided evidence for scale reliability, validity, and measurement invariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ullman
- Centre for Educational Research, School of Education, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy Hobby
- Centre for Educational Research, School of Education, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Tania Ferfolja
- Centre for Educational Research, School of Education, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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10
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Khan AA, Yunus R, Sohail M, Rehman TA, Saeed S, Bu Y, Jackson CD, Sharkey A, Mahmood F, Matyal R. Artificial Intelligence for Anesthesiology Board-Style Examination Questions: Role of Large Language Models. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:1251-1259. [PMID: 38423884 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2024.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
New artificial intelligence tools have been developed that have implications for medical usage. Large language models (LLMs), such as the widely used ChatGPT developed by OpenAI, have not been explored in the context of anesthesiology education. Understanding the reliability of various publicly available LLMs for medical specialties could offer insight into their understanding of the physiology, pharmacology, and practical applications of anesthesiology. An exploratory prospective review was conducted using 3 commercially available LLMs--OpenAI's ChatGPT GPT-3.5 version (GPT-3.5), OpenAI's ChatGPT GPT-4 (GPT-4), and Google's Bard--on questions from a widely used anesthesia board examination review book. Of the 884 eligible questions, the overall correct answer rates were 47.9% for GPT-3.5, 69.4% for GPT-4, and 45.2% for Bard. GPT-4 exhibited significantly higher performance than both GPT-3.5 and Bard (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). None of the LLMs met the criteria required to secure American Board of Anesthesiology certification, according to the 70% passing score approximation. GPT-4 significantly outperformed GPT-3.5 and Bard in terms of overall performance, but lacked consistency in providing explanations that aligned with scientific and medical consensus. Although GPT-4 shows promise, current LLMs are not sufficiently advanced to answer anesthesiology board examination questions with passing success. Further iterations and domain-specific training may enhance their utility in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A Khan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Rayaan Yunus
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Mahad Sohail
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Taha A Rehman
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Shirin Saeed
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Yifan Bu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Cullen D Jackson
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Aidan Sharkey
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Feroze Mahmood
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Robina Matyal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA.
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Ofori-Darko A, Barzallo D, DiSano K. Response to: Trepanowski et al., "Implications of the Supreme Court's affirmative action decision on underrepresented populations and dermatology". J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:e179-e180. [PMID: 38219803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Afua Ofori-Darko
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Devin Barzallo
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katherine DiSano
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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van de Weijer MP, Demange PA, Pelt DHM, Bartels M, Nivard MG. Disentangling potential causal effects of educational duration on well-being, and mental and physical health outcomes. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1403-1418. [PMID: 37964430 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172300329x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has focused on the potential benefits of education on various mental and physical health outcomes. However, whether the associations reflect a causal effect is harder to establish. METHODS To examine associations between educational duration and specific aspects of well-being, anxiety and mood disorders, and cardiovascular health in a sample of European Ancestry UK Biobank participants born in England and Wales, we apply four different causal inference methods (a natural policy experiment leveraging the minimum school-leaving age, a sibling-control design, Mendelian randomization [MR], and within-family MR), and assess if the methods converge on the same conclusion. RESULTS A comparison of results across the four methods reveals that associations between educational duration and these outcomes appears predominantly to be the result of confounding or bias rather than a true causal effect of education on well-being and health outcomes. Although we do consistently find no associations between educational duration and happiness, family satisfaction, work satisfaction, meaning in life, anxiety, and bipolar disorder, we do not find consistent significant associations across all methods for the other phenotypes (health satisfaction, depression, financial satisfaction, friendship satisfaction, neuroticism, and cardiovascular outcomes). CONCLUSIONS We discuss inconsistencies in results across methods considering their respective limitations and biases, and additionally discuss the generalizability of our findings in light of the sample and phenotype limitations. Overall, this study strengthens the idea that triangulation across different methods is necessary to enhance our understanding of the causal consequences of educational duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot P van de Weijer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perline A Demange
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk H M Pelt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schropp L, Sørensen APS, Devlin H, Matzen LH. Use of artificial intelligence software in dental education: A study on assisted proximal caries assessment in bitewing radiographs. Eur J Dent Educ 2024; 28:490-496. [PMID: 37961027 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Teaching of dental caries diagnostics is an essential part of dental education. Diagnosing proximal caries is a challenging task, and automated systems applying artificial intelligence (AI) have been introduced to assist in this respect. Thus, the implementation of AI for teaching purposes may be considered. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an AI software on students' ability to detect enamel-only proximal caries in bitewing radiographs (BWs) and to assess whether proximal tooth overlap interferes with caries detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 74 dental students randomly allocated to either a test or control group. At two sessions, both groups assessed proximal enamel caries in BWs. At the first session, the test group registered caries in 25 BWs using AI software (AssistDent®) and the control group without using AI. One month later, both groups detected caries in another 25 BWs in a clinical setup without using the software. The student's registrations were compared with a reference standard. Positive agreement (caries) and negative agreement (no caries) were calculated, and t-tests were applied to assess whether the test and control groups performed differently. Moreover, t-tests were applied to test whether proximal overlap interfered with caries registration. RESULTS At the first and second sessions, 56 and 52 tooth surfaces, respectively, were detected with enamel-only caries according to the reference standard. At session 1, no significant difference between the control (48%) and the test (42%) group was found for positive agreement (p = .08), whereas the negative agreement was higher for the test group (86% vs. 80%; p = .02). At session 2, there was no significant difference between the groups. The test group improved for positive agreement from session 1 to session 2 (p < .001), while the control group improved for negative agreement (p < .001). Thirty-eight per cent of the tooth surfaces overlapped, and the mean positive agreement and negative agreement were significantly lower for overlapping surfaces than non-overlapping surfaces (p < .001) in both groups. CONCLUSION Training with the AI software did not impact on dental students' ability to detect proximal enamel caries in bitewing radiographs although the positive agreement improved over time. It was revealed that proximal tooth overlap interfered with caries detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schropp
- Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Peter Sejersdal Sørensen
- Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Private practice, Tandlægerne Sydcentret, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise Hauge Matzen
- Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Chana P. Assessing competency in exodontia: A UK perspective. Eur J Dent Educ 2024; 28:511-521. [PMID: 37961850 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessment ensures that undergraduate students and postgraduate trainees are providing optimal patient care. Numerous assessment methods are currently being used within the United Kingdom. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the methods used to assess competency in exodontia and compare methods against criteria defined for good assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic narrative review was carried out. Databases were electronically searched for published studies assessing the competence of undergraduate students and postgraduate trainees in exodontia up to October 2023.The validity, reproducibility, equivalence, feasibility, educational impact, catalytic effect and acceptability of each assessment method was considered. RESULTS In this review, 591 undergraduate students (n = 529) and postgraduate dental trainees (n = 62) had their competence in exodontia assessed. Undergraduate students were assessed on simple exodontia with forceps and elevators, whereas postgraduate trainees were assessed on the surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Only one study took place in a simulated dental environment, the remaining (n = 7) took place in a clinical environment. A range of formative and summative assessment methods were identified including structured clinical objective tests (SCOT), self-assessment, peer assessment and logbooks. Common marking criteria such as global rating and checklist scales were also highlighted. CONCLUSION This review highlights the lack of evidence to support one form of assessment and the lack of consensus on assessment within the United Kingdom. Further research related to this topic, alongside the opinion of trainees and trainers is required to improve assessments. This will maximise learning opportunities for trainees and translate to better patient care.
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15
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Tári V, Janka EA, Emri G, Nemes B, Remenyik É, Gellén E. Effect of education on sun-safe behaviour in kidney transplant recipients. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2024; 40:e12966. [PMID: 38616381 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ transplant recipients (OTR) are more likely to develop skin cancer than the general population. One of the main components of the exposome that triggers the development of skin tumours is solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To reduce the incidence of harmful consequences of sun exposure, sun protection education is needed for patients taking long-term immunosuppressive drugs. METHODS In a previous study, we assessed the sun-safe behaviour of 221 OTR using a questionnaire before and after transplantation and personally educated the patients about proper sun protection. After the education, there were no further reminder presentations. Presently, the sun protection and sun seeking habits of the available 176 of these patients were questioned to assess the long-term effect of the previous sun protection education. RESULTS Two-four years after the education, more patients wore hats and protected their skin with long-sleeved clothing than before the education. In terms of sun seeking habits, both occupational and recreational sun exposure decreased significantly. Significantly fewer people went on holiday after transplantation, but those who went on holiday spent significantly less time in the sun. CONCLUSION The long-term positive effects of education can be seen both in the patients' sun protection and in their sun seeking habits. However, the long-term goal is to maintain these results and thereby reduce the likelihood of skin tumours and consequently the associated tumour death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessza Tári
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Nemes
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Clinical Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Gellén
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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16
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Bright MA, Huq MS, Miller MD, Patel S, Li Z, Finkelhor D. Randomized Control Trial of a School-Based Curriculum that Teaches About Multiple Forms of Abuse. Child Maltreat 2024; 29:364-374. [PMID: 36639370 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231152623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most school-based prevention curricula for young children fail to address multiple types of abuse and limit instruction to a single day, despite evidence that polyvictimization is common and children learn better when allowed to practice material repeatedly. This study utilized a cluster randomized control trial design to evaluate a multi-abuse prevention program, the Monique Burr Foundation for Children (MBF) Child Safety Matters®, based on varying lesson structure. Participants included nine Florida schools consisting of 843 children in grades K-2. Schools were randomized within cluster to implement in two lessons, four lessons, or after study data collection (i.e., control group). Lessons averaged 34 minutes (SD = 8.8 minutes) in length for 2-lesson group and 23.6 minutes (SD = 6.9 minutes) for the 4-lesson condition. Knowledge was assessed before implementation and on average 11 weeks after implementation. There were no statistical differences between clusters. Controlling for pre-test scores, schools in the four-lesson group scored highest on a measure of knowledge of potentially risky and unsafe situations (M = 69.68, SE = .80) on post-test, followed by schools in the two-lesson group (M = 67.31, SE = .77), followed by schools in the control group (M = 62.92, SE = .76). Results support use of more frequent, shorter lessons for prevention programs and the promise of addressing multiple forms of child victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Sayedul Huq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M David Miller
- School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shivam Patel
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Ziying Li
- School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Finkelhor
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, Family Research Laboratory, and Department of Sociology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
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17
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Çalım-Gürbüz B, Güvendir İ, Söylemez-Akkurt T, Gürbüz G, Erdoğan-Durmuş Ş. The Journey of Material From Clinic to Pathology Laboratory: How Much Do Clinical Residents Know About This Process? Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:462-469. [PMID: 37437129 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231185090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Pathology plays a major role in the management of patients. Specimen delivery to a pathology laboratory is the first step in the process. Sending materials to the pathology laboratory should be included as part of residency training. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and daily practice of residents who send materials to pathology laboratory. Methods. A 34-item questionnaire asking questions about biopsy/resection and cytology material handling and transportation was answered by 154 residents. Likert scaling and multiple-choice questions with a single answer were used to evaluate the responses. Their daily routines and levels of knowledge were statistically analyzed. Results. The mean age of the respondents was 29.1 ± 3.04 (range: 24-42 years), and 63% of the residents were male. The residents of the university hospital claimed that the clinical information they had learned about transferring material to the pathology laboratory was "sufficient" or "very sufficient" (statistically significant, P = .04). Correct answers about the process of sending biopsy/resection materials of experienced residents were statistically higher, while there was no statistical significance for questions about cytology materials (P = .005, P = .24, respectively). Conclusion. The pathway to correct diagnosis builds on an understanding of the significance of pathology material. In residency training, knowledge about delivering biopsy/resection material to pathology laboratory is mostly acquired through experience. Experienced residents seem to be less familiar with cytology materials. Clinicopathological meetings may solve the main problems, but both clinics and pathology departments need to emphasize this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Çalım-Gürbüz
- Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Pathology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Güvendir
- Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Pathology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gökhan Gürbüz
- Istanbul Bahcelievler State Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Abuljadayel J, Abed H. Variables influencing students' course quality evaluation: A cross-sectional study for a bachelor's degree dental program. J Dent Educ 2024. [PMID: 38624047 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate and predict variables that influence the Students' Course Evaluation Surveys (SCES) in a bachelor's degree of dental medicine and surgery program. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the Faculty of Dental Medicine for the academic year 2021-2022 were analyzed including 39 course reports, students' course evaluation surveys, students' academic performance data, and the program specification. The survey contains 24 statements that evaluate five main domains of the courses, which are course syllabus, staff performance through the course, course learning resources, course execution, and course quality. RESULTS Chi-squared Test revealed no significant association between the total average students' evaluation score of the course against factors such as student's level, term, main mode of instruction, course category, department, and course director's gender, academic experiences, and nationality. On the other hand, pairwise comparisons revealed that grades from A+ to C were predictors of the total average SCES scores (p ≤ 0.004). Using the Paired Samples T-Test, the student's evaluation scores for their course were found to be significantly higher for females than males (mean ± SD = 50.56 ± 24.3 vs. 41.00 ± 26.3, p = 0.042). Using Pearson correlations, results showed a significant association of total average students' course evaluation scores against factors such as average course syllabus, staff performance, course learning resources, course execution, and course quality (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Average course syllabus, staff performance, course learning resources, course execution, and course quality are major predictor variables that influence SCES scores in the examined program. Enhancing these domains will be of great importance to improve the quality of the courses at the dental bachelor level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Abuljadayel
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Abed
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Kim H, Choi D, Shim H, Sohng KY, Choi MJ. Educational needs of community visiting nurses for infection prevention and control: Application of the Borich needs assessment and the Locus for Focus models. Public Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38623869 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the educational needs and analyze the priorities of infection prevention and control (IPC) for community-visiting nurses. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. SAMPLE This study was conducted with 144 visiting nurses working in public health centers and long-term care facilities in South Korea. METHOD A total of 23 questions in five subcategories were used to measure the current knowledge and perceived importance of IPC in community-visiting nursing. Data were collected from June 23 to October 30, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed paired t-test, the Borich needs assessment, and the Locus for Focus models. RESULTS Top-priority content was defined as content belonging to two models, the first 10 contents of Borich needs assessment and the contents located in the Quadrant I of the Locus for Focus models. "Reporting in case of infection-related accidents," "Mandatory vaccination for visiting nurses," "Standard precaution," "Airborne precaution," "Contact precautions," "Respiratory infection control," and "Post-visit management." CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that it is necessary to provide visiting nurses with more opportunities for IPC education and to develop standardized IPC programs that consider educational priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyungSeon Kim
- Department of Nursing, Bucheon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Choi
- College of Nursing, Incheon Catholic University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Shim
- Yonhee Seniors Nursing Home, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yae Sohng
- Professor Emeritus, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Choi
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Basran PS, Turek M, Selting KA, Rancilio N. AAPM WGVRTO report 390: A survey of veterinary radiation oncology equipment and infrastructure in 2022. Med Phys 2024. [PMID: 38626571 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, there has been little published data on the state of equipment and infrastructure in veterinary radiation oncology clinical practice. These data are important not only to identify the status and use of technology within the veterinary radiation oncology community but also to help identify the extent of medical physics support. The purpose of our study is to report findings from a survey of veterinary radiation oncologists in the USA, Canada, and select centers outside of North America in 2022. A 40-question survey covering topics such as type of radiotherapy equipment, techniques offered, treatment planning systems and dose calculation algorithms, special techniques, board-certified radiation oncologists and residents, and extent of medical physics support was distributed through an online survey tool. Results from 40 veterinary radiation oncology institutions, with equipment explicitly used for veterinary care, suggest that the current state of practice is not dissimilar to what currently exists in human radiation oncology facilities; techniques and technologies commonly employed include flattening filter-free mode megavoltage beams, volumetric arc therapy, daily cone-beam computed tomography, image-guided radiation therapy, and sophisticated dose calculation algorithms. These findings suggest the need for modern radiation oncology acceptance testing, commissioning, and quality assurance programs within the veterinary community. The increase in veterinary radiation oncology residency positions and increasing sophistication of equipment suggests that increased levels of standardized medical physics support would benefit the veterinary radiation oncology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder S Basran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Turek
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kimberly A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas Rancilio
- Department Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Iowa, USA
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21
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Beltran SJ, Molina O, Chapple R. Enhancing End-of-Life Care Knowledge Among Older Spanish-Speaking Adults: Results From a Pilot Educational Intervention on Advance Care Planning and Care Options. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024:10499091241246057. [PMID: 38621826 DOI: 10.1177/10499091241246057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in advance care planning (ACP) among older Latinos necessitate targeted interventions to enhance engagement and knowledge in end-of-life care. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a resource-efficient, culturally tailored educational intervention in improving ACP readiness and knowledge among older Latino adults in the community. METHODS A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used to assess the impact of the intervention. The study involved community-dwelling older Latinos (aged 61-94) in the U.S. attending community wellness centers. Measures included participants' knowledge of ACP, care options, familiarity with hospice and palliative care, and attitudes toward hospice, assessed using pre- and post-intervention surveys. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements were observed in ACP knowledge, understanding of care options, and attitudes towards hospice and palliative care post-intervention. Demographic factors influenced knowledge scores, with no significant gender differences in the intervention's efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The educational intervention effectively enhanced end-of-life care planning readiness and knowledge among older Latinos. The study highlights the potential for sustainable, accessible, and culturally sensitive educational strategies to reduce disparities in ACP knowledge and possibly engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanny J Beltran
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Olga Molina
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Reshawna Chapple
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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22
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Standridge RL, Batastini AB, Leuty ME, Mohn R. The Impact of Formal Education, Specialized Training, and Offense Type on Perceptions of Employability: Can Bias Toward Hiring a Person With a Criminal History Be Mitigated? Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2024:306624X241247116. [PMID: 38622828 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x241247116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Though hesitations to hire formerly incarcerated individuals are often related to assumptions about a person's dangerousness, there remain legitimate reasons, such as limited formal education and basic skills, that prevent returning residents from finding work. Previous research suggests that hiring decisions are confounded by offense type, even if an employer would otherwise consider a person with a criminal history. Thus, it is unclear whether returning residents' level of education or training can mitigate barriers related to their offense history. Using hypothetical case vignettes of a formerly incarcerated job applicant, this study examined whether hiring decisions were influenced by education and offense type. A between-subjects design with a sample of 223 individuals recruited via MTurk was conducted. Results of this study were largely consistent with prior research suggesting that criminal history presents an obstacle when trying to obtain employment. Implications and future directions are provided in the discussion.
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Mahsusi M, Hudaa S, Nuryani N, Fahmi M, Tsurayya G, Iqhrammullah M. Global Rate of Willingness to Volunteer Among Medical and Health Students During Pandemic: Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Med Educ 2024; 10:e56415. [PMID: 38621233 DOI: 10.2196/56415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, shortages of health care workers often occur. Recruiting students as volunteers could be an option, but it is uncertain whether the idea is well-accepted. OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate the global rate of willingness to volunteer among medical and health students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies reporting the number of health students willing to volunteer during COVID-19 from 2019 to November 17, 2023. The meta-analysis was performed using a restricted maximum-likelihood model with logit transformation. RESULTS A total of 21 studies involving 26,056 health students were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the willingness-to-volunteer rate among health students across multiple countries was 66.13%, with an I2 of 98.99% and P value of heterogeneity (P-Het)<.001. Removing a study with the highest influence led to the rate being 64.34%. Our stratified analyses indicated that those with older age, being first-year students, and being female were more willing to volunteer (P<.001). From highest to lowest, the rates were 77.38%, 77.03%, 65.48%, 64.11%, 62.71%, and 55.23% in Africa, Western Europe, East and Southeast Asia, Middle East, and Eastern Europe, respectively. Because of the high heterogeneity, the evidence from this study has moderate strength. CONCLUSIONS The majority of students are willing to volunteer during COVID-19, suggesting that volunteer recruitment is well-accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsusi Mahsusi
- Department of Islamic Education Management, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Syihaabul Hudaa
- Department of Management, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Ahmad Dahlan Jakarta, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Nuryani Nuryani
- Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Fahmi
- Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ghina Tsurayya
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Iqhrammullah
- Postgraduate Program of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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24
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Musselman KE, Mayhew M, Somal H, Benn NL, Salbach NM, Switzer-McIntyre S. Physical and occupational therapists' learning needs and preferences for education on functional electrical stimulation: A qualitative descriptive study. Artif Organs 2024. [PMID: 38622826 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an evidence-based intervention that is rarely used by Canadian physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs). A common barrier to FES implementation is a lack of knowledge and training. FES learning resources that meet therapists' learning needs and preferences may address this barrier. OBJECTIVE To explore OTs' and PTs' perspectives on the utility of FES e-learning resources, including whether the resources met their learning needs and preferences. METHODS Through this qualitative descriptive study, feedback on FES e-learning resources was solicited from 5 PTs and 18 OTs who work clinically, but do not use FES. Participants reviewed ≥3 prerecorded lectures on FES topics and then completed a semi-structured interview. Participants were asked about the lectures' content, delivery, ease of use and comprehensibility, and were asked to suggest modifications to facilitate self-directed learning about FES. Interviews were analyzed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS Three themes were identified. (1) Feedback on FES e-learning: the content and delivery of the prerecorded lectures facilitated participants' learning, although opportunities to improve content and delivery were identified. (2) Factors influencing FES learning needs and preferences: Participants identified internal (i.e., baseline knowledge, learning style) and external (i.e., learning with colleagues, practice setting) factors that affected learning. Themes 1 and 2 impacted (3) the effects of FES e-learning: Participants described the outcomes of their FES e-learning, including increases in FES knowledge, confidence, and use in clinical practice. CONCLUSION Therapists' perceived the FES e-learning resources to be useful and to address their learning needs and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Musselman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madi Mayhew
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harneet Somal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha L Benn
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy M Salbach
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Switzer-McIntyre
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Jiskoot LC, van den Berg E, Vollebergh H, de Haan R, de Boer L, Poos JM, Franzen S, van Hemmen J, Seelaar H. Occupational differences in a Dutch sample of patients with primary progressive aphasia, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer's dementia. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38615690 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2339514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve is a potential mechanism to cope with brain damage as a result of dementia, which can be defined by indirect proxies, including education level, leisure time activities, and occupational attainment. In this study we explored the association between dementia diagnosis and type of occupation in a retrospective Dutch outpatient memory clinic sample of patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and Alzheimer's Dementia (AD). METHODS We included data from 427 patients (bvFTD n = 87, PPA n = 148, AD n = 192) and compared the frequency of occupations (11 categories) between patients and data from the Dutch census using Pearson Χ2 tests and we calculated odds ratios (OR) by means of multinomial logistic regression analyses. We also investigated patient group differences in age, sex, education, disease duration, and global cognition. RESULTS The frequency of teachers in patients with PPA was significantly higher than the frequency of teachers in patients with bvFTD [OR = 4.79, p = .007] and AD [OR = 2.04, p = .041]. The frequency of teachers in patients with PPA (16%) was also significantly higher than the frequency of teachers in the Dutch census [5.3%; OR = 3.27, p < .001]. The frequency of teachers in both bvFTD and AD groups were not significantly different from the frequency of teachers in the Dutch census (p = .078 and p = .513, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A potential explanation for our results is the so called "wear and tear" hypothesis, suggesting that teachers have a communication-wise demanding occupation - and therefore are at higher risk to develop PPA. Alternatively, teaching requires continuous communication, hence teachers are more sensitive to subtle changes in their speech and language abilities. Our findings broaden our understanding of the relationship between occupational activity and cognitive reserve in the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize C Jiskoot
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther van den Berg
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Vollebergh
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romy de Haan
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liset de Boer
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jackie M Poos
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Franzen
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judy van Hemmen
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Pope F, Faraday J, Hand A, Tinkler L. An evaluation of the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals 4Ps Programme for the development of nurses, midwives and allied healthcare professionals' research skills. Nurse Res 2024:e1915. [PMID: 38600833 DOI: 10.7748/nr.2024.e1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research forms an important part of clinical practice for nurses, midwives and allied healthcare professionals (NMAHPs). However, it is known there is a lack of confidence in this community in the development and use of research skills. The 4Ps Programme is a bespoke research-training programme that focuses on four areas: place, project, person and plan. AIM To report an evaluation of the 4Ps Programme that used a survey to record the confidence levels reported by NMAHPs. DISCUSSION An increase in participants' confidence was observed across all modules in the 4Ps Programme. This exceeded the standard deviation in the 'place' session, demonstrating genuine improvement. It was not possible to demonstrate a significant improvement in all cases. Low response rates affected the quality of the data obtained in the study, which would have benefitted from a more targeted approach to questions and better enabled the tracking of individuals' improvement over the course of the programme. CONCLUSION Participation in bespoke, targeted training related to research could lead to an increase in NMAHPs' confidence in research-related activities. Efforts need to be made to refine the evaluation approach and improve response rates. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The 4Ps Programme can improve research-related confidence. Improved and further longitudinal evaluation will assess its impact in developing future clinical academics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Pope
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - James Faraday
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Annette Hand
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Linda Tinkler
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
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Urbanová L, Vaníček O, Červená K, Bartoš A, Evansová K. The impact of sleep education, light intervention and relaxation on sleep and mood in the elderly. Chronobiol Int 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38602470 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2337007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Sleep and light education (SLE) combined with relaxation is a potential method of addressing sleep and affective problems in older people. 47 participants took part in a four-week sleep education program. SLE was conducted once a week for 60-90 minutes. Participants were instructed on sleep and light hygiene, sleep processes, and practiced relaxation techniques. Participants were wearing actigraphs for 6 weeks, completed daily sleep diaries, and wore blue light-blocking glasses 120 minutes before bedtime. Measures included scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and actigraphy measurements of sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep fragmentation. Sleep quality increased after SLE based on the subjective assessment and in the objective measurement with actigraphy. PSQI scores were statistically reduced indicating better sleep. Scores after the intervention significantly decreased in ESS and ISS. Sleep latency significantly decreased, whereas sleep efficiency and fragmentation index (%), did not improve. Mood significantly improved after SLE, with lower scores on the BDI-II and STAI. SLE combined with relaxation proved to be an effective method to reduce sleep problems and the incidence of depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Urbanová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vaníček
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Sexual Health and Interventions, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Červená
- Sleep and Chronobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aleš Bartoš
- Sleep and Chronobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Evansová
- Sleep and Chronobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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O'Brien N, Fernandez Crespo R, O'Driscoll F, Prendergast M, Chana D, Darzi A, Ghafur S. Usability and Feasibility Evaluation of a Web-Based and Offline Cybersecurity Resource for Health Care Organizations (The Essentials of Cybersecurity in Health Care Organizations Framework Resource): Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50968. [PMID: 38603777 DOI: 10.2196/50968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cybersecurity is a growing challenge for health systems worldwide as the rapid adoption of digital technologies has led to increased cyber vulnerabilities with implications for patients and health providers. It is critical to develop workforce awareness and training as part of a safety culture and continuous improvement within health care organizations. However, there are limited open-access, health care-specific resources to help organizations at different levels of maturity develop their cybersecurity practices. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the usability and feasibility of the Essentials of Cybersecurity in Health Care Organizations (ECHO) framework resource and evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with implementing the resource at the organizational level. METHODS A mixed methods, cross-sectional study of the acceptability and usability of the ECHO framework resource was undertaken. The research model was developed based on the technology acceptance model. Members of the Imperial College Leading Health Systems Network and other health care organizations identified through the research teams' networks were invited to participate. Study data were collected through web-based surveys 1 month and 3 months from the date the ECHO framework resource was received by the participants. Quantitative data were analyzed using R software (version 4.2.1). Descriptive statistics were calculated using the mean and 95% CIs. To determine significant differences between the distribution of answers by comparing results from the 2 survey time points, 2-tailed t tests were used. Qualitative data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Thematic analysis used deductive and inductive approaches to capture themes and concepts. RESULTS A total of 16 health care organizations participated in the study. The ECHO framework resource was well accepted and useful for health care organizations, improving their understanding of cybersecurity as a priority area, reducing threats, and enabling organizational planning. Although not all participants were able to implement the resource as part of information computing technology (ICT) cybersecurity activities, those who did were positive about the process of change. Learnings from the implementation process included the usefulness of the resource for raising awareness and ease of use based on familiarity with other standards, guidelines, and tools. Participants noted that several sections of the framework were difficult to operationalize due to costs or budget constraints, human resource limitations, leadership support, stakeholder engagement, and limited time. CONCLUSIONS The research identified the acceptability and usability of the ECHO framework resource as a health-focused cybersecurity resource for health care organizations. As cybersecurity in health care organizations is everyone's responsibility, there is potential for the framework resource to be used by staff with varied job roles. Future research needs to explore how it can be updated for ICT staff and implemented in practice and how educational materials on different aspects of the framework could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki O'Brien
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fiona O'Driscoll
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mabel Prendergast
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deeph Chana
- Institute for Security Science and Technology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ara Darzi
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saira Ghafur
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gagl B, Gregorová K. Investigating lexical categorization in reading based on joint diagnostic and training approaches for language learners. NPJ Sci Learn 2024; 9:29. [PMID: 38600183 PMCID: PMC11006909 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Efficient reading is essential for societal participation, so reading proficiency is a central educational goal. Here, we use an individualized diagnostics and training framework to investigate processes in visual word recognition and evaluate its usefulness for detecting training responders. We (i) motivated a training procedure based on the Lexical Categorization Model (LCM) to introduce the framework. The LCM describes pre-lexical orthographic processing implemented in the left-ventral occipital cortex and is vital to reading. German language learners trained their lexical categorization abilities while we monitored reading speed change. In three studies, most language learners increased their reading skills. Next, we (ii) estimated, for each word, the LCM-based features and assessed each reader's lexical categorization capabilities. Finally, we (iii) explored machine learning procedures to find the optimal feature selection and regression model to predict the benefit of the lexical categorization training for each individual. The best-performing pipeline increased reading speed from 23% in the unselected group to 43% in the machine-selected group. This selection process strongly depended on parameters associated with the LCM. Thus, training in lexical categorization can increase reading skills, and accurate computational descriptions of brain functions that allow the motivation of a training procedure combined with machine learning can be powerful for individualized reading training procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gagl
- Self-learning Systems Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Klara Gregorová
- Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital & German Center of Prevention Research on Mental Health, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Hoter Ishay G, Wagner LJ, Meidan O, Garber Epstein P, Roe D. Promoting Positive Self-Identity of Youths With Mental Disorders: Collaboration Between Academia and a Ministry of Education. Psychiatr Serv 2024:appips20230056. [PMID: 38595119 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20230056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Inclusive schools reflect the dominant approach to education, yet many youths with mental disorders still attend special education schools. Although special education schools address educational, social, and developmental needs, they may increase students' self-stigma and hinder positive identity formation. Israel's Ministry of Education and an academic community mental health department partnered to address this challenge by developing a manual-based intervention for special education school settings. About 180 teachers were trained, and approximately 400 students participated in the self-management and positive identity group intervention. This partnership demonstrates the importance and potential of collaborations to address challenges that arise in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Hoter Ishay
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Hoter Ishay, Roe); Department of Occupational Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel (Hoter Ishay); Special Education Division, Ministry of Education, Jerusalem (Wagner, Meidan); Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Garber Epstein)
| | - Linda J Wagner
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Hoter Ishay, Roe); Department of Occupational Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel (Hoter Ishay); Special Education Division, Ministry of Education, Jerusalem (Wagner, Meidan); Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Garber Epstein)
| | - Orna Meidan
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Hoter Ishay, Roe); Department of Occupational Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel (Hoter Ishay); Special Education Division, Ministry of Education, Jerusalem (Wagner, Meidan); Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Garber Epstein)
| | - Paula Garber Epstein
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Hoter Ishay, Roe); Department of Occupational Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel (Hoter Ishay); Special Education Division, Ministry of Education, Jerusalem (Wagner, Meidan); Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Garber Epstein)
| | - David Roe
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Hoter Ishay, Roe); Department of Occupational Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel (Hoter Ishay); Special Education Division, Ministry of Education, Jerusalem (Wagner, Meidan); Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Garber Epstein)
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Kwan D, Leslie K, Dubins D, Guo A, Haddadi E, Steenhof N. Two for One: Merging Continuing Professional Development and Faculty Development in the CATE Curriculum for Pharmacy Preceptors. Can J Hosp Pharm 2024; 77:e3465. [PMID: 38601130 PMCID: PMC10984263 DOI: 10.4212/cjhp.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Continuing professional development (CPD) and faculty development (FD) are not traditionally combined, although there is evidence that integrating them enhances knowledge acquisition. Objective To explore preceptors' perceptions and the effectiveness of CATE (Clinical And Teaching Education), an education model that blends clinical content with the application of that clinical knowledge through a specified teaching technique. Methods Thirty-five hospital and community pharmacy preceptors from the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, participated in CATE, which consisted of a 2-hour synchronous, online workshop integrating clinical content about depression with the "One-Minute Preceptor" (OMP) teaching skill. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected longitudinally using surveys and semistructured interviews. Participant and process outcomes were explored through descriptive and thematic analysis using a modified Kirkpatrick framework. Results Participants valued the incorporation of educational theory and opportunities to practise the OMP using scripted role plays based on the depression-related content. The combination of FD and CPD was appealing, although participants wanted more clarity about their integration. The CATE model positively influenced their approaches to serving as preceptors, and using the OMP helped to reveal learners' knowledge gaps. There was a desire to share the teaching technique with colleagues to provide a more cohesive approach to teaching. Conclusions Integrating CPD and FD in a synchronous, online environment was feasible and well received, and it helped to solidify preceptors' roles as educators. Combining CPD and FD represents an effective strategy to build the clinical and educational expertise of preceptors, which in turn has the potential to improve the quality of experiential learning for pharmacy students. This novel method of fostering the pedagogical growth of preceptors could be a model for other health professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Kwan
- , BScPhm, MSc, ACPR, FCSHP, is an Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream, with the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Karen Leslie
- , MD, MEd, FRCPC, is a Professor in the Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - David Dubins
- , PhD, BASc, is an Associate Professor, Teaching Stream, with the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Alice Guo
- , BA, MHSc, is a Speech-Language Pathologist with Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Elnaz Haddadi
- , BEd, BScPhm, PharmD, is an Advanced Practice Clinical Leader with the Pharmacy Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Naomi Steenhof
- , BScPhm, MSc, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream, with the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Mzumara T, Kantaris M, Afonne J. Eye Care Service Use and Associated Health-Seeking Behaviors Among Malawian Adults: Secondary Analysis of the Malawi Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019-2020. JMIRx Med 2024; 5:e44381. [PMID: 38602316 DOI: 10.2196/44381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Background The use of eye care services varies among different population groups. Objective This study aimed to assess self-reported eye care use (ECU) and associated demographic factors among Malawian adults. Methods This study used secondary data from the Malawi Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019-2020, a nationally representative survey. The study included 12,288 households and 27,336 individuals 15 years and older. We entered age, sex, level of education, residency (urban/rural), and chronic disease into a logistic regression model, and used a confusion matrix to predict the model's accuracy. A P value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results About 60.6% (95% CI 60.0%-61.2%) of those with eye problems accessed formal care 2 weeks before the survey date. A logistic regression model showed that ECU was positively associated with education compared to none (odds ratio [OR] 6.6, 95% CI 5.927-7.366; P<.001), males compared to females (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.104-1.290; P<.001), and urban residence compared to rural (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.118-1.375; P<.001). ECU was negatively associated with age (OR 7, 95% CI 6.782-8.476; P<.001) and having chronic diseases (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.547-0.708; P<.001). Conclusions Social support, women empowerment, education, and mobile clinics are key strategic areas that would increase access to eye care in Malawi. Further studies can investigate ECU among the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thokozani Mzumara
- Department of Optometry, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mzimba North District Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mzuzu, Malawi
- Unicaf University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Marios Kantaris
- Unicaf University, Lusaka, Zambia
- Health Services and Social Policy Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Joseph Afonne
- Department of Optometry, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
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Pillen H, Attrill S, Fisher A, Forte S, Brebner C, Robinson S. Educating for supported decision making and shared decision making: a scoping review of educational design and outcomes for education and training interventions. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38591714 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2337099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterise existing knowledge about the design and learning outcomes of education and training programs for supported or shared decision making. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping review was performed to identify academic and grey literature, published between January 2006 and February 2022, that reported on the design and/or learning outcomes of supported or shared decision making education or training programs. Eligible literature was mapped across domains of educational design and Kirkpatrick's hierarchy of learning effectiveness, and then qualitatively synthesised using cross-case analysis. RESULTS A total of 33 articles were identified (n = 7 for supported decision making and n = 26 for shared decision making) that provided education or training to supporters of persons with mental illness or substance use disorders (n = 14), dementia or neurocognitive disorders (n = 6), cognitive disability (n = 5), mixed populations (n = 1), and those receiving end-of-life care (n = 7). In their design, most programs sought specific changes in practice (behaviour) via experiential learning. Reported educational outcomes also focused on supporter behaviour, with limited evidence for how changes in learner attitudes, skills, or knowledge might be contributing to changes in supporter behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Future education and training would benefit from a closer engagement with theories of teaching and learning, particularly those oriented towards co-design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath Pillen
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacie Attrill
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alinka Fisher
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sabrina Forte
- Council for Intellectual Disability, Surry Hills, Australia
| | - Chris Brebner
- Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sally Robinson
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Carmichael N, Zayhowski K, Diaz JS. The impact of cohort relationships on BIPOC genetic counseling students: Results from a longitudinal qualitative study. J Genet Couns 2024. [PMID: 38591757 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The transition to graduate school is marked by stress, with academic demands and interpersonal interactions being primary concerns for genetic counseling students. For Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) graduate students, additional stressors caused by the "minority tax" and microaggressions impact their sense of belonging and inclusion. This prospective longitudinal study employed a constructivist grounded theory approach to investigate the experiences of first-year BIPOC genetic counseling students as they transitioned into the first year of their graduate training. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 first-year genetic counseling students at three key time points during their first year and analyzed them using reflexive thematic analysis. Here, we report themes related to stressors when transitioning into the genetic counseling training environment, the role of relationships as a source of support in navigating these challenges, and the impact of cohort dynamics on the training experience. Stressors included managing academic rigor and time demands, navigating microaggressions, reactions to discussions about diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ), and managing mental health. Peer relationships emerge as pivotal source of support, but challenging dynamics within the cohort negatively impacted participants, highlighting the importance of fostering an inclusive training environment. Since programs have less control over the composition of each cohort with the advent of the Match system in 2018, we recommend the use of community-building and debriefing activities to strengthen healthy relationships and address problematic dynamics. We recommend that training programs be proactive in creating mentoring relationships between faculty and students rather than waiting until students ask for help. Ultimately, we advocate for a holistic approach to genetic counseling training that maintains academic rigor but also prioritizes the creation of supportive, inclusive, and culturally sensitive learning environments for all students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikkola Carmichael
- Department of Medical Sciences & Education, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly Zayhowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joselyn Saenz Diaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Khaira N, Faisal TI, Magfirah M, Veri N, Usrina N, Andy Rias Y. Effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-Based Education Program on Self-Efficacy and Preparedness for Infectious Disasters in Rural Populations. Creat Nurs 2024:10784535241245436. [PMID: 38591961 DOI: 10.1177/10784535241245436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health education programs can enhance self-efficacy and disaster preparedness. However, research incorporating the Health Belief Model (HBM) in education for infectious disasters is lacking. AIMS Examine the effectiveness of an HBM-based education program on self-reported self-efficacy and self-reported preparedness for infectious disasters in rural populations. METHODS In total, 109 eligible participants were allocated to two groups: participants who received HBM-based education (n = 55) or regular education (n = 54), presented at in-person meetings, with individual follow-up conducted on WhatsApp. Self-reported self-efficacy and preparedness for infectious disasters in both groups were measured at 4 and 8 weeks. FINDINGS Participants showed a significant interaction between groups and in time to increase in self-reported self-efficacy and self-reported preparedness to deal with infectious disasters. After 4 and 8 weeks, the groups had statistically significant differences (p≤.001) in all outcome measures. CONCLUSION HBM-based education was associated with increased self-reported self-efficacy and self-reported infectious disaster preparedness among the rural population. Follow-up by nurses is essential to implementing continuing health belief education programs to enhance rural populations' self-efficacy and infectious disaster preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuswatul Khaira
- Department of Nursing, Aceh Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Aceh Besar, Indonesia
| | - T Iskandar Faisal
- Department of Nursing, Aceh Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Aceh Besar, Indonesia
- Department of Nursing, Palu Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Mamboro Palu Utara, Indonesia
| | - Magfirah Magfirah
- Department of Midwifery, Aceh Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Langsa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Nora Veri
- Department of Midwifery, Aceh Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Langsa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Nora Usrina
- Department of Nursing, Aceh Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Aceh Besar, Indonesia
| | - Yohanes Andy Rias
- Faculty of Health, College of Nursing, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Kediri, Indonesia
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Lichand G, Christen J, Egeraat EV. Neglecting students' socio-emotional skills magnified learning losses during the pandemic. NPJ Sci Learn 2024; 9:28. [PMID: 38594315 PMCID: PMC11003960 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Did the dramatic learning losses from remote learning in the context of COVID-19 stem at least partly from schools having overlooked students' socio-emotional skills-such as their ability to self-regulate emotions, their mental models, motivation, and grit-during the emergency transition to remote learning? We study this question using a cluster-randomized control trial with 18,256 high-school students across 87 schools in the State of Goiás, Brazil. The intervention sent behavioral nudges through text messages to students or their caregivers, targeting their socio-emotional skills during remote learning. Here we show that these messages significantly increased standardized test scores relative to the control group, preventing 7.5% of learning losses in math and 24% in Portuguese, consistent with the hypothesis that neglecting students' socio-emotional skills magnified learning losses during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Lichand
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, 520 Galvez Mall, CERAS 519, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Van Hecke A, Decoene E, Embo M, Beeckman D, Bergs J, Courtens A, Dancot J, Dobbels F, Goossens GA, Jacobs N, Van Achterberg T, Van Bogaert P, Van Durme T, Verhaeghe S, Vlaeyen E, Goossens E. Development of a competency framework for advanced practice nurses: A co-design process. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38586883 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to develop a comprehensive competency framework for advanced practice nurses in Belgium. DESIGN A co-design development process was conducted. METHODS This study consisted of two consecutive stages (November 2020-December 2021): (1) developing a competency framework for advanced practice nurses in Belgium by the research team, based on literature and (2) group discussions or interviews with and written feedback from key stakeholders. 11 group discussions and seven individual interviews were conducted with various stakeholder groups with a total of 117 participants. RESULTS A comprehensive competency framework containing 31 key competencies and 120 enabling competencies was developed based on the Canadian Medical Education Directions for Specialists Competency Framework. These competencies were grouped into seven roles: clinical expert and therapist, organizer of quality care and leader in innovation, professional and clinical leader, collaborator, researcher, communicator and health promoter. CONCLUSION The developed competency framework has resemblance to other international frameworks. This framework emphasized the independent role of the advanced practice nurse and provided guidance in a clear task division and delegation to other professionals. It can provide a solid foundation for delivering high-quality, patient-centred care by advanced practice nurses in the years to come. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION This competency framework can guide further development of advanced practice nursing education in Belgium and represents a starting point for future evaluation of its feasibility and usability in education and clinical practice. Advanced practice nurses and healthcare managers can also use the framework as an instrument for personal and professional development, performance appraisal, and further alignment of these function profiles in clinical practice. Finally, this framework can inform and guide policymakers towards legal recognition of advanced practice nursing in Belgium and inspire the development of advanced practice nursing profiles in countries where these profiles are still emerging. IMPACT What problem did the study address? The absence of a detailed competency framework for advanced practice nurses complicates legal recognition, role clarification and implementation in practice in Belgium. A rigorously developed competency framework could clarify which competencies to integrate in future advanced practice nursing education, mentorship programs and practice. What were the main findings? The competency framework outlined seven roles for advanced practice nurses: clinical expert and therapist, organizer of quality care and leader in innovation, professional and clinical leader, collaborator, researcher, communicator, and health promoter. Differentiation from other expert nursing profiles and clinical autonomy of advanced practice nurses were pivotal. Where and on whom will the research have impact? The comprehensive competency framework for advanced practice nurses and the collaborative methodology used can inspire other countries where these profiles are still emerging. The competency framework can be used as an instrument for role clarification, performance appraisals, continuous professional development, and professional (e-)portfolios. The competency framework can guide policymakers when establishing Belgian's legal framework for advanced practice nurses. REPORTING METHOD The authors have adhered to CONFERD-HP: recommendations for reporting COmpeteNcy FramEwoRk Development in health professions. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution in the design of the study. A patient advisory panel commented on the developed competency framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Van Hecke
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Center for Nursing and Midwifery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Staff Member Centre of Expertise in Nursing, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elsie Decoene
- Staff Member Centre of Expertise in Nursing, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Embo
- Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Expertise Network Health and Care, Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Beeckman
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Center for Nursing and Midwifery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Swedish Center for Skin and Wound Research (SCENTR), Nursing Science Unit, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jochen Bergs
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of PXL-Healthcare, Center for Healthcare Innovation, PXL University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Jacinthe Dancot
- Nursing Department, Haute École Robert Schuman, Libramont, Belgium
- Public Health Sciences Department, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Dobbels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Goddelieve Alice Goossens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Nursing Center of Excellence, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noortje Jacobs
- Research Unit Health Promotion, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Theo Van Achterberg
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Bogaert
- Center for Research and Innovation in Care, Department of Midwifery and Nursing Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thérèse Van Durme
- Institute of Health and Society, UC Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sofie Verhaeghe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Center for Nursing and Midwifery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen Vlaeyen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Goossens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Research and Innovation in Care, Department of Midwifery and Nursing Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Patient Care, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Montreuil J, Lacasse M, Audétat MC, Boileau É, Laferrière MC, Lafleur A, Lee S, Nendaz M, Steinert Y. Interventions for undergraduate and postgraduate medical learners with academic difficulties: A BEME systematic review update: BEME Guide No. 85. Med Teach 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38589011 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2024.2331041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical teachers often struggle to record trainee underperformance due to lacking evidence-based remediation options. OBJECTIVES To provide updated evidence-based recommendations for addressing academic difficulties among undergraduate and postgraduate medical learners. METHODS A systematic review searched databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, Education Source, and PsycINFO (2016-2021), replicating the original Best Evidence Medical Education 56 review strategy. Original research/innovation reports describing intervention(s) for medical learners with academic difficulties were included. Data extraction used Michie's Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy and program evaluation models from Stufflebeam and Kirkpatrick. Quality appraised used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Authors synthesized extracted evidence by adapting GRADE approach to formulate recommendations. RESULTS Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria, primarily addressing knowledge (66.7%), skills (66.7%), attitudinal problems (50%) and learner's personal challenges (27.8%). Feedback and monitoring was the most frequently employed BCT. Study quality varied (MMAT 0-100%). We identified nineteen interventions (UG: n = 9, PG: n = 12), introducing twelve new thematic content. Newly thematic content addressed contemporary learning challenges such as academic procrastination, and use of technology-enhanced learning resources. Combined with previous interventions, the review offers a total dataset of 121 interventions. CONCLUSION This review offers additional evidence-based interventions for learners with academic difficulties, supporting teaching, learning, faculty development, and research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Montreuil
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miriam Lacasse
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Audétat
- University Institute for primary care (IuMFE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Development and Research (UDREM), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Élisabeth Boileau
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | | | - Shirley Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mathieu Nendaz
- Unit of Development and Research (UDREM), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Steinert
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Tang DM, Nasrollahi TS, Vasquez M, Borrelli M, Sindwani R, Wu AW. Practice Patterns Among Fellowship-Trained Rhinologists: A Survey of Past American Rhinologic Society Fellows. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2024:19458924241244888. [PMID: 38584418 DOI: 10.1177/19458924241244888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goals of this study were to understand the trends in recent and past rhinology fellows concerning their demographics, goals, and experiences. METHODS An anonymous web-based survey was sent to graduates of the 35 rhinology fellowship programs. The survey included questions regarding the scope of practice, research contribution, societal involvement, fellow satisfaction with training, and current practice patterns. Chi-square testing and logistic regression were used to compare variables across cohorts: 0-5 years versus 6+ years from fellowship graduation, gender, and practice settings. RESULTS Based on 171 respondents, we found no significant differences in 0-5 versus 6+ year graduates in their desire for an academic job post-fellowship. However, those who graduated 6+ years ago had significantly more success securing one (74% vs 96%, P = 0.004). Between males and females, there were no differences in goal of obtaining an academic job or success in obtaining an academic career. Females were more likely to report they attend academic society meetings regularly. Female rhinologists also reported less satisfaction with overall work-life balance and decreased satisfaction with clinical practice. Physicians in academic settings have poorer work-life balance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that finding an academic job may be more difficult for recent rhinology fellowship graduates, although still very possible for the majority of graduates. Understanding the reason for these changes may provide insight to current rhinology fellowship directors and trainees interested in pursuing fellowship training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Tang
- Cedars-Sinai Department of Otolaryngology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tasha S Nasrollahi
- Cedars-Sinai Department of Otolaryngology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Missael Vasquez
- Cedars-Sinai Department of Otolaryngology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michela Borrelli
- Cedars-Sinai Department of Otolaryngology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raj Sindwani
- Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arthur W Wu
- Cedars-Sinai Department of Otolaryngology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Weber MF, Kelton D, Eisenberg SWF, Donat K. Progress in Paratuberculosis Control Programmes for Dairy Herds. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1127. [PMID: 38612366 PMCID: PMC11010894 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
While paratuberculosis control has been studied for over a century, knowledge gaps still exist regarding the uptake and efficacy of control programmes. This narrative review aims to summarise studies on control programmes presented at the IDF ParaTB Fora in 2021 and 2022 and the International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis in 2022. Studies were grouped by topic as follows: successful control, field studies, education and extension, voluntary and compulsory control programmes, and surveillance. Various Map control programmes resulted in a decreasing animal and herd level Map prevalence. Long-term stakeholder commitment, stable funding, involvement of herd veterinarians and incentives for farmers to participate were shown to be pivotal for long-term success. Control measures focused on vertical and calf-to-calf transmission may improve Map control in infected herds. Easy-to-capture visualisation of surveillance test results to inform participants on the progress of Map control in their herds was developed. The probability of freedom from disease and estimated within-herd prevalence were identified as good candidates for categorisation of herds to support low-risk trade of cattle. Results of the surveillance schemes may inform genetic selection for resistance to Map infection. In conclusion, successful paratuberculosis control is feasible at both the herd and country level provided that crucial prerequisites are met.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | | | - Karsten Donat
- Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, Victor-Goerttler-Straße 4, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Clinic for Reproduction and Neonatology of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 106, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Hökkä M, Ravelin T, Coupez V, Vereecke D, Brennan J, Mathe T, Brandstötter C, Paal P, Spanu DE, Mitrea N. Core Palliative Care Competencies for Undergraduate Nursing Education: International Multisite Research Using Online Nominal Group Technique. J Palliat Care 2024:8258597241244605. [PMID: 38584432 DOI: 10.1177/08258597241244605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background: Nurses should have appropriate education and required competencies to provide high-quality palliative care. The aim of this international multisite study was to list and evaluate core palliative care competencies that European nurses need to achieve in their education to provide palliative care. Methods: The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was used as a data collection method. NGT meetings were organized in four European countries. Targeted groups of palliative care professionals with diverse contextual and professional backgrounds participated in the NGTs. The research question was: "What are the core competencies in palliative care that need to be achieved during undergraduate nursing education?" Data analysis was done in two stages: grouping the top 10 answers based on similarities and thematic synthesis based on all the ideas produced during the NGTs. Results: Palliative care core competencies based on the research were (1) competence in the characteristics of palliative care; (2) competence in decision-making and enabling palliative care; (3) symptom management competence in palliative care; (4) competence in holistic support in palliative care; (5) active person- and family-centered communication competence in palliative care; (6) competence in empathy in palliative care; (7) spiritual competence in palliative care; (8) competence in ethical and legal issues in palliative care; (9) teamwork competence in palliative care; and (10) self-awareness and self-reflection competence in palliative care. Conclusions: It was possible to find differences and similarities in the top 10 palliative care core competencies from different countries. Thematic synthesis of all the data showed that there were various competencies needed for nursing students to provide quality palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Hökkä
- Diaconia University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland
| | - Teija Ravelin
- Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, Kajaani, Finland
| | | | | | - Joanne Brennan
- European Association for Palliative Care, Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | - Teodora Mathe
- University of Transilvania from Brasov, Brasov, Romania
- HOSPICE Casa Sperantei, Brasov, Romania
| | | | - Piret Paal
- Institute of Palliative Care, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Ethnology, Institute of Cultural Studies, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Nicoleta Mitrea
- University of Transilvania from Brasov, Brasov, Romania
- HOSPICE Casa Sperantei, Brasov, Romania
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Yang EH, Sargsyan Z, Sherman SV, Kulkarni PA. Practice for real life: Diversifying cases in educational conferences. Am J Med 2024:S0002-9343(24)00200-6. [PMID: 38588940 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin H Yang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zaven Sargsyan
- Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas; General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie V Sherman
- Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas; General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Prathit A Kulkarni
- Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Isahak MI, Abdullah MS, Awang RR, Abdul Rashid NF, Md Sikin S, Abdullah Suhaimi SN, Abdullah N, Muhammad R, Md Latar NH. Haemoblock hemostatic substance in reducing seroma formation post axillary lymph node dissection following breast conserving surgery. World J Surg 2024. [PMID: 38578243 DOI: 10.1002/wjs.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer management, necessitates a nuanced understanding of complications that may impede treatment progression. This study scrutinize the impact of Haemoblock hemostatic solution, evaluation it's potential in reducing seroma complication by controlling lymph flow and obliterating axillary dead space. METHOD A prospective, randomized, double-blinded controlled trial was conducted with 58 patients undergoing breast conserving surgery (BCS) and ALND, stratified into two groups: Group A (ALND + Haemoblock, n = 29) and Group B (ALND + placebo, n = 29). Postoperative drainage charts were monitored, with the primary endpoint being the time to drain removal, Additionally, patients were observed for surgical site infection (SSI). RESULTS Group A exhibited a marginally higher mean total drain output (398 +/- 205 vs. 326 +/- 198) compared to Group B, this difference did not attain statistical significance (p = 0.176). Equally, the mean time to drain removal demonstrated no discernible distinction between the two groups (6 +/- 3.0 vs. 6 +/- 3.0, Group A vs. Group B, p = 0.526). During follow up, nine patients in Group A required seroma aspiration (mean aspiration 31 +/- 73) as compared to Group B, 6 patients required aspiration (mean aspiration 12 +/- 36), p = 0.222). No notable disparity in SSI rates between the groups was identified. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the administration of Haemoblock did not manifest a discernible effect in mitigating seroma production, hastening drain removal, or influencing SSI rates following ALND. The study underscores the intricate and multifactorial nature of seroma formation, suggesting avenues for future research to explore combined interventions and protracted follow-up periods for a more comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Izzad Isahak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Safwan Abdullah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raflis Ruzairee Awang
- Breast and Endocrine Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Faezan Abdul Rashid
- Breast and Endocrine Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seniyah Md Sikin
- Breast and Endocrine Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Shahrun Niza Abdullah Suhaimi
- Breast and Endocrine Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlia Abdullah
- Breast and Endocrine Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaizak Muhammad
- Breast and Endocrine Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nani Harlina Md Latar
- Breast and Endocrine Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Watermeyer B, Botha M, Lourens H, Hunt X. Visual Impairment, Inclusion and Citizenship in South Africa. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:28. [PMID: 38618275 PMCID: PMC11012159 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
People with visual impairment face significant material challenges to access and inclusion in South Africa. These are in large part rooted in and supported by prejudiced assumptions about the needs, nature and capabilities of this group. The cultural and psychological face of oppression needs to be attended to. To this end, this viewpoint brings together the work of three visually impaired scholars in three key areas pertaining to the promotion of the inclusion and citizenship of visually impaired persons in South Africa. These areas are education; rehabilitation; and social inclusion and visibility. This work argues that undoing lifelong exclusion requires examining how disablism is embedded in the very fabric of our societies and operational at various levels: material, administrative, cultural and relational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Watermeyer
- Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Michelle Botha
- Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Heidi Lourens
- Department of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Xanthe Hunt
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Fijačko N, Masterson Creber R, Metličar Š, Strnad M, Greif R, Štiglic G, Skok P. Effects of a Serious Smartphone Game on Nursing Students' Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Skills in Adult Basic Life Support: Randomized Wait List-Controlled Trial. JMIR Serious Games 2024; 12:e56037. [PMID: 38578690 DOI: 10.2196/56037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retention of adult basic life support (BLS) knowledge and skills after professional training declines over time. To combat this, the European Resuscitation Council and the American Heart Association recommend shorter, more frequent BLS sessions. Emphasizing technology-enhanced learning, such as mobile learning, aims to increase out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival and is becoming more integral in nursing education. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether playing a serious smartphone game called MOBICPR at home can improve and retain nursing students' theoretical knowledge of and practical skills in adult BLS. METHODS This study used a randomized wait list-controlled design. Nursing students were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a MOBICPR intervention group (MOBICPR-IG) or a wait-list control group (WL-CG), where the latter received the MOBICPR game 2 weeks after the MOBICPR-IG. The aim of the MOBICPR game is to engage participants in using smartphone gestures (eg, tapping) and actions (eg, talking) to perform evidence-based adult BLS on a virtual patient with OHCA. The participants' theoretical knowledge of adult BLS was assessed using a questionnaire, while their practical skills were evaluated on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality parameters using a manikin and a checklist. RESULTS In total, 43 nursing students participated in the study, 22 (51%) in MOBICPR-IG and 21 (49%) in WL-CG. There were differences between the MOBICPR-IG and the WL-CG in theoretical knowledge (P=.04) but not in practical skills (P=.45) after MOBICPR game playing at home. No difference was noted in the retention of participants' theoretical knowledge and practical skills of adult BLS after a 2-week break from playing the MOBICPR game (P=.13). Key observations included challenges in response checks with a face-down manikin and a general neglect of safety protocols when using an automated external defibrillator. CONCLUSIONS Playing the MOBICPR game at home has the greatest impact on improving the theoretical knowledge of adult BLS in nursing students but not their practical skills. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating diverse scenarios into adult BLS training. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05784675); https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05784675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Fijačko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Maribor University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Špela Metličar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Medical Dispatch Centre Maribor, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Strnad
- Maribor University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Community Healthcare Center Dr Adolfa Drolca Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Robert Greif
- European Resuscitation Council Research Net, Niels, Belgium
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Štiglic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Pavel Skok
- Maribor University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia
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Patrizio HA, Phyu R, Kim B, Brolis NV. Improved cardiac auscultation competency interweaving visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli: a preliminary study. Int J Med Educ 2024; 15:37-43. [PMID: 38581237 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.6607.27a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Methods A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted at our institution's simulation center with 32 first year medical students from a single medical institution. Participants were randomly divided into two equal groups and completed an educational module the identification and pathophysiology of five common cardiac sounds. The control group utilized traditional education methods, while the interventional group incorporated multisensory stimuli. Afterwards, participants listened to randomly selected cardiac sounds and competency data was collected through a multiple-choice post-assessment in both groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the data. Results Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher in the multisensory group (Mdn=100%) compared to the control group (Mdn=60%) on the post-assessment (U=73.5, p<0.042). Likewise, knowledge acquisition was substantially better in the multisensory group (Mdn=80%) than in the control group (Mdn=50%) (U= 49, p<0.031). Conclusions These findings suggest the incorporation of multisensory stimuli significantly improves cardiac auscultation competency. Given its cost-effectiveness and simplicity, this approach offers a viable alternative to more expensive simulation technologies like the Harvey simulator, particularly in settings with limited resources. Consequently, this teaching modality holds promise for global applicability, addressing the worldwide deterioration in cardiac auscultation skills and potentially leading to better patient outcomes. Future studies should broaden the sample size, span multiple institutions, and investigate long-term retention rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riley Phyu
- Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | - Bum Kim
- Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | - Nils V Brolis
- Department of Family Medicine at Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
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Jannot M, Attal JP, Marteleur VL, Le-Goff S, Colombier ML, Gouze H, Dursun E, Brun A, François P. Perceptions regarding the use of a three-dimensionally-printed manufactured educational simulator for periodontal treatment of intraosseous and interradicular lesions. J Dent Educ 2024. [PMID: 38572587 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Treating intraosseous lesions (IOLs) and interradicular bone lesions (IRLs) is an extremely technical dental procedure in periodontics. Instrumentation of these lesions is often perceived as difficult by students and inexperienced dentists before they perform a certain number of procedures on patients in the clinic. The aim of this article is to evaluate a cost-effective three-dimensional (3D)-printed educational simulator for the periodontal treatment of IOLs/IRLs (including scaling, incisions and sutures). METHODS The simulators were first developed digitally, and then manufactured using printable resins and specific materials; finally, they were assembled using different bonding systems. To evaluate the simulators, assessments were gathered from two target populations: undergraduate students and periodontics experts. These individuals tested the simulator and completed a cross-sectional questionnaire based on a Likert scale with comparative and pedagogical items scored from one to five. The purpose of the questionnaire was to compare our simulator to clinical reality (i.e., operation on human jaws) and to an animal simulator (i.e., simulation of porcine jaws). The results are expressed as the mean and standard deviation and were statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Overall, the results were satisfactory for both groups of testers (4.70 and 4.61 out of five for students and experts, respectively, for global satisfaction). CONCLUSIONS The overall educational relevance of the simulator designed herein highlights the fact that 3D-printed educational simulators could enable efficient cognitive-functional learning for clinical IOL/IRL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jannot
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Attal
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Le Marteleur
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Le-Goff
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Colombier
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Helene Gouze
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, CESP-INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adrian Brun
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe François
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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dos Santos LRA, de Oliveira AM, dos Santos LMAC, Aguilar GJ, Costa WDL, Donato DDCB, Bollela VR. Collaborative Development of an Electronic Portfolio to Support the Assessment and Development of Medical Undergraduates. JMIR Med Educ 2024; 10:e56568. [PMID: 38596841 PMCID: PMC11007380 DOI: 10.2196/56568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study outlines the development of an electronic portfolio (e-portfolio) designed to capture and record the overall academic performance of medical undergraduate students throughout their educational journey. Additionally, it facilitates the capture of narratives on lived experiences and sharing of reflections, fostering collaboration between students and their mentors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Maicon de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme José Aguilar
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valdes Roberto Bollela
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Hudon A, Kiepura B, Pelletier M, Phan V. Using ChatGPT in Psychiatry to Design Script Concordance Tests in Undergraduate Medical Education: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Med Educ 2024; 10:e54067. [PMID: 38596832 PMCID: PMC11007379 DOI: 10.2196/54067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Undergraduate medical studies represent a wide range of learning opportunities served in the form of various teaching-learning modalities for medical learners. A clinical scenario is frequently used as a modality, followed by multiple-choice and open-ended questions among other learning and teaching methods. As such, script concordance tests (SCTs) can be used to promote a higher level of clinical reasoning. Recent technological developments have made generative artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems such as ChatGPT (OpenAI) available to assist clinician-educators in creating instructional materials. Objective The main objective of this project is to explore how SCTs generated by ChatGPT compared to SCTs produced by clinical experts on 3 major elements: the scenario (stem), clinical questions, and expert opinion. Methods This mixed method study evaluated 3 ChatGPT-generated SCTs with 3 expert-created SCTs using a predefined framework. Clinician-educators as well as resident doctors in psychiatry involved in undergraduate medical education in Quebec, Canada, evaluated via a web-based survey the 6 SCTs on 3 criteria: the scenario, clinical questions, and expert opinion. They were also asked to describe the strengths and weaknesses of the SCTs. Results A total of 102 respondents assessed the SCTs. There were no significant distinctions between the 2 types of SCTs concerning the scenario (P=.84), clinical questions (P=.99), and expert opinion (P=.07), as interpretated by the respondents. Indeed, respondents struggled to differentiate between ChatGPT- and expert-generated SCTs. ChatGPT showcased promise in expediting SCT design, aligning well with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria, albeit with a tendency toward caricatured scenarios and simplistic content. Conclusions This study is the first to concentrate on the design of SCTs supported by AI in a period where medicine is changing swiftly and where technologies generated from AI are expanding much faster. This study suggests that ChatGPT can be a valuable tool in creating educational materials, and further validation is essential to ensure educational efficacy and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Hudon
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barnabé Kiepura
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Véronique Phan
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Strømme TB, Wiborg ØN. Social origins and educational attainment: The unique contributions of parental education, class, and financial resources over time. Br J Sociol 2024. [PMID: 38572972 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the unique contributions of parental wealth, class background, education, and income to different measures of educational attainment. We build on recent sibling correlation approaches to estimate, using Norwegian register data, the gross and net contribution of each social origin dimension across almost 3 decades of birth cohorts. Our findings suggest that parental education is crucial for all measures of children's educational outcomes in all models. In the descriptive analyses, we find that while broad education measures remain stable or decrease over time, attaining higher tertiary education and elite degrees is more stable or increasingly dependent on family background, especially parental financial resources. While gross sibling correlation models show somewhat decreasing trends in the contribution of education in all measures of educational outcomes, net models show that the unique contributions of financial resources have increased over time. Our results lend some support to the idea of education as a positional good and suggest that educational inequalities reflect broader patterns of inequality in society. Our results further indicate that the importance of parental education and cultural capital for children's education can be explained by within-resource transmission but that pro-educational norms tied to wealth may play an increasingly important role in educational mobility. In summary, this study sheds light on the multidimensional nature of social origins and highlights the role of different factors in shaping educational outcomes over time.
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