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Liu P, Yang X, Zhao H, Liang L, Chen M, Yin A. High burden of human papillomavirus infection among men in Guangzhou, South China: Implications for HPV vaccination strategies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2337161. [PMID: 38566539 PMCID: PMC10993917 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2337161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological and clinical aspects of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women have been extensively studied. However, there is a lack of information regarding HPV characteristics in males. In this study, we conducted a retrospective and observational study of 3737 consecutive male individuals attending outpatient clinics of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from 2012 to 2023 in Guangzhou, South China, to determine the age- and genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in men. The results showed the overall prevalence of HPV among men was 42.15% (1575/3737), with variations ranging from 29.55% to 81.31% across distinct diagnostic populations. Low-risk HPV6 (15.47%), HPV11 (8.94%), and high-risk HPV52 (5.51%) were the most common types. The annual HPV prevalence decreased significantly (Z = -3.882, p < .001), ranging from 31.44% to 52.90%. 28.77% (1075/3737) of men manifested infection with a singular HPV type, predominantly identified as a low-risk type. The age-specific distribution of HPV infections revealed distinctive peaks in the < 25 y age group (47.60%, 208/437) and the 40-44 y age group (44.51%, 154/346). Notably, the positive rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was significantly higher among HPV-positive individuals in comparison to HPV-negatives (16.14% vs. 11.25%, p < .05). Our findings reveal a substantial prevalence of HPV infection among outpatient men in Guangzhou, South China. It is recommended to consider the inclusion of HPV vaccination for adolescent males in national immunization schedules, once an adequate supply of vaccines is accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Liang
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minchai Chen
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Yin
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Lule SA, Kushitor SB, Grijalva-Eternod CS, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Sanuade OA, Kushitor MK, Okoibhole L, Awuah R, Baatiema L, Kretchy IA, Arhinful D, de-Graft Aikins A, Koram K, Fottrell E. The contextual awareness, response and evaluation (CARE) diabetes project: study design for a quantitative survey of diabetes prevalence and non-communicable disease risk in Ga Mashie, Accra, Ghana. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2297513. [PMID: 38323339 PMCID: PMC10851827 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2297513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is estimated to affect between 3.3% and 8.3% of adults in Ghana, and prevalence is expected to rise. The lack of cost-effective diabetes prevention programmes designed specifically for the Ghanaian population warrants urgent attention. The Contextual Awareness, Response and Evaluation (CARE): Diabetes Project in Ghana is a mixed methods study that aims to understand diabetes in the Ga Mashie area of Accra, identify opportunities for community-based intervention and inform future diabetes prevention and control strategies. This paper presents the study design for the quantitative survey within the CARE project. This survey will take place in the densely populated Ga Mashie area of Accra, Ghana. A household survey will be conducted using simple random sampling to select households from 80 enumeration areas identified in the 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census. Trained enumerators will interview and collect data from permanent residents aged ≥ 25 years. Pregnant women and those who have given birth in the last six months will be excluded. Data analysis will use a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics, and all analyses will account for the cluster sampling design. Analyses will describe the prevalence of diabetes, other morbidities, and associated risk factors and identify the relationship between diabetes and physical, social, and behavioural parameters. This survey will generate evidence on drivers and consequences of diabetes and facilitate efforts to prevent and control diabetes and other NCDs in urban Ghana, with relevance for other low-income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor
- Department of Community Health, Ensign Global College, Kpong, Ghana
- Department of Food Science and Centre for Sustainability Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carlos S. Grijalva-Eternod
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mawuli Komla Kushitor
- Department of Health Policy, Fred Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Lydia Okoibhole
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raphael Awuah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Akwo Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Arhinful
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Kwadwo Koram
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edward Fottrell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Luo Q, Lu P, Chen Y, Shen P, Zheng B, Ji J, Ying C, Liu Z, Xiao Y. ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2317915. [PMID: 38356197 PMCID: PMC10896150 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2317915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of antibiotic resistance and the diminishing antimicrobial pipeline have emerged as significant threats to public health. The ESKAPE pathogens - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. - were initially identified as critical multidrug-resistant bacteria, demanding urgently effective therapies. Despite the introduction of various new antibiotics and antibiotic adjuvants, such as innovative β-lactamase inhibitors, these organisms continue to pose substantial therapeutic challenges. People's Republic of China, as a country facing a severe bacterial resistance situation, has undergone a series of changes and findings in recent years in terms of the prevalence, transmission characteristics and resistance mechanisms of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The increasing levels of population mobility have not only shaped the unique characteristics of antibiotic resistance prevalence and transmission within People's Republic of China but have also indirectly reflected global patterns of antibiotic-resistant dissemination. What's more, as a vast nation, People's Republic of China exhibits significant variations in the levels of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence characteristics of antibiotic resistant bacteria across different provinces and regions. In this review, we examine the current epidemiology and characteristics of this important group of bacterial pathogens, delving into relevant mechanisms of resistance to recently introduced antibiotics that impact their clinical utility in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinru Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Elaydi S, Lozi R. Global dynamics of discrete mathematical models of tuberculosis. J Biol Dyn 2024; 18:2323724. [PMID: 38493487 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2024.2323724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop discrete models of Tuberculosis (TB). This includes SEI endogenous and exogenous models without treatment. These models are then extended to a SEIT model with treatment. We develop two types of net reproduction numbers, one is the traditional R 0 which is based on the disease-free equilibrium, and a new net reproduction number R 0 ( E ∗ ) based on the endemic equilibrium. It is shown that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R 0 ≤ 1 and unstable if R 0 > 1 . Moreover, the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if R 0 ( E ∗ ) < 1 < R 0 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Elaydi
- Department of Mathematics, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - René Lozi
- Department of Mathematics, Laboratory J.A. Dieudonné, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, France
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Butler CC. Democratising the design and delivery of large-scale randomised, controlled clinical trials in primary care: A personal view. Eur J Gen Pract 2024; 30:2293702. [PMID: 38180050 PMCID: PMC10773679 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2023.2293702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid identification of effective treatments for use in the community during a pandemic is vital for the well-being of individuals and the sustainability of healthcare systems and society. Furthermore, identifying treatments that do not work reduces research wastage, spares people unnecessary side effects, rationalises the cost of purchasing and stockpiling medication, and reduces inappropriate medication use. Nevertheless, only a small minority of therapeutic trials for SARS-CoV-2 infections have been in primary care: most opened too late, struggled to recruit, and few produced actionable results. Participation in research is often limited by where one lives or receives health care, and trial participants may not represent those for whom the treatments are intended. INNOVATIVE TRIALS The ALIC4E, PRINCIPLE and the ongoing PANORAMIC trial have randomised over 40,500 people with COVID-19. This personal view describes how these trials have innovated in: trial design (by using novel adaptive platform designs); trial delivery (by complementing traditional site-based recruitment ('the patient comes to the research') with mechanisms to enable sick, infectious people to participate without having to leave home ('taking research to the people'), and by addressing the 'inverse research participation law,' which highlights disproportionate barriers faced by those who have the most to contribute, and benefit from, research, and; in transforming the evidence base by evaluating nine medicines to support guidelines and care decisions world-wide for COVID-19 and contribute to antimicrobial stewardship. CONCLUSION The PRINCIPLE and PANORAMIC trials represent models of innovation and inclusivity, and exemplify the potential of primary care to lead the way in addressing pressing global health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Primary Care Clinical Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Yang X, Wu Y, Zhao H, Liu P, Liang L, Yin A. Emergence and circulation of enterovirus B species in infants in southern China: A multicenter retrospective analysis. Virulence 2024; 15:2329569. [PMID: 38555521 PMCID: PMC10984118 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2329569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteroviruses (EV) are common and can cause severe diseases, particularly in young children. However, the information of EV infection in infants in China is limited due to the vast population size and extensive geographical area of the country. Here, we conducted a retrospective multicenter analysis of available EV data to assess the current epidemiological situation in the infant population in southern China. METHODS The study enrolled infants with suspected EV infection from 34 hospitals across 12 cities in southern China between 2019 to 2022, and the confirmation of EV was done using RT-PCR and VP1 gene sequencing. RESULTS Out of 1221 infants enrolled, 330 (27.03%) were confirmed as EV-infected. Of these, 260 (78.79%) were newborns aged 0-28 days. The EV belonged to three species: EV-B (80.61%), EV-A (11.82%), and human rhinovirus (7.58%). Newborns were more susceptible to EV-B than older infants (p < 0.001). Within EV-B, we identified 15 types, with coxsackievirus (CV) B3 (20.91%), echovirus (E) 11 (19.70%), and E18 (16.97%) being the most common. The predominant EV types changed across different years. EV infection in infants followed a seasonal pattern, with a higher incidence from May to August. Furthermore, perinatal mother-to-child EV transmission in 12 mother-newborn pairs were observed. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate the emergence and widespread circulation of EV-B species, mainly CVB3, E11, and E18, in southern China, primarily affecting young infants. This research provides valuable insights for future epidemic assessment, prediction, as well as the elimination of mother-to-child transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yudan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Lihua Liang
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Aihua Yin
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
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Lysen TS, Crombag EJGM, Lennaerts L, Makady A, Bruin RH, Mulder K, de Jong EMGJ, van Ballegooijen H. Real world insights for psoriasis: the association of severity of skin lesions with work productivity, medical consumption costs and quality of life. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2332615. [PMID: 38522860 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2332615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a prevalent, chronic skin disease with a potential impact on work productivity, medical consumption costs, and quality of life. The influence of the extent of skin lesions on these outcomes is not well known. OBJECTIVE We determined associations of self-reported skin lesions with self-reported work productivity, medical consumption costs, and health-related quality of life in respondents with psoriasis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included respondents with self-reported psoriasis in the Netherlands in an online questionnaire. We assessed the self-reported percentage body surface area (BSA) of psoriasis lesions. We used validated instruments to assess work productivity (WPAI-PsO), medical consumption costs (iMCQ), and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L and the DLQI). We used ordinal logistic regression to associate BSA categories >1% versus 0-1% with outcomes adjusted for multiple confounders. RESULTS We included 501 respondents with a mean age of 43 ± 12 years; 64% were men. Median BSA was 2% (interquartile range 1-5%). A higher BSA was associated with higher overall work impairment due to psoriasis (common odds ratio [cOR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-4.29; n = 205), higher medical consumption costs (cOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.45-2.94) and lower health-related quality of life. Associations were strongest with a BSA cutoff of 0% or 1% compared to 2% or higher categories. DISCUSSION In our study, having few to no lesions in psoriasis was associated with lower overall work impairment due to psoriasis, lower medical consumption costs, and higher health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amr Makady
- Janssen-Cilag B.V, Breda, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Elke M G J de Jong
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Regina Malveste Ito C, Santos MO, de Oliveira Cunha M, de Araújo KM, de Souza GRL, Rézio GS, de Brito PN, Rezende APC, Fonseca JG, Wastowski IJ, Gonçalves Vieira JD, Gomes Avelino MA, Carneiro LC. Rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Virulence 2024; 15:2310873. [PMID: 38384141 PMCID: PMC10885176 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2310873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus causes respiratory tract infections in children and is found in co-infections. The objective of this research was to study the clinical profile of rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We included 606 children ranging in age from 0.1 to 144 months of age from March 2020 to December 2021, hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The samples were collected by secretion from the nasopharynx region. A total of 259 children were tested positive for viral infection, 153 (59.07%) of them had a single rhinovirus infection and, 56 (36.6%) were aged between 60.1 and 144 months. Nine types of co-infections were identified and were found coinfection with three or more viruses (22/104, 21.15%). Observing the seasonality, the number of cases was similar between 2020 (49.53%) and 2021 (51.47%). Patients with a single infection (86.88%) and coinfection (67.30%) were more likely to have coughed. Patients with co-infection required the use of O2 for longer than those with a single rhinovirus infection. Hemogram results obtained from individuals with a single infection had higher levels of urea when compared to patients with co-infection with and other respiratory viruses. Multiple correspondence analyses indicated different clinical symptoms and comorbidities in patients with co-infection compared to those with single infection. The results found that the rhinovirus was much prevalent virus during the pandemic period and was found in co-infection with other virus types, what is important to diagnostic for the correct treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Regina Malveste Ito
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mônica Oliveira Santos
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Oliveira Cunha
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Kelliane Martins de Araújo
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rocha Lino de Souza
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biologic Science Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Camp, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Geovana Sôffa Rézio
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Neta de Brito
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alana Parreira Costa Rezende
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Godinho Fonseca
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Isabela Jubé Wastowski
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory of Goiás State University, Laranjeiras Unity Prof. Alfredo de Castro neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Melissa Ameloti Gomes Avelino
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Goiás, Universitaria Avenue, Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lilian Carla Carneiro
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Garg P, Verma N, Angrup A, Taneja N, Valsan A, Reddy VD, Agarwal J, Chaudhary R, Kaur P, Rathi S, De A, Premkumar M, Taneja S, Duseja A. Exploring the Prevalence, Predictors, and Impact of Bacterial Infections to Guide Empiric Antimicrobial Decisions in Cirrhosis (EPIC-AD). J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101352. [PMID: 38449507 PMCID: PMC10914474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This study delved into cirrhosis-related infections to unveil their epidemiology, risk factors, and implications for antimicrobial decisions. Methods We analyzed acutely decompensated cirrhosis patients (n = 971) from North India between 2013-2023 at a tertiary center. Microbiological and clinical features based on infection sites (EASL criteria) and patient outcomes were assessed. Results Median age was 45 years; 87% were males with 47% having alcoholic hepatitis. Of these, 675 (69.5%) had infections; 305 (45%) were culture-confirmed. Notably, 71% of confirmed cases were multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO)-related, chiefly carbapenem-resistant (48%). MDRO prevalence was highest in pulmonary (80.5%) and skin-soft-tissue infections (76.5%). Site-specific distribution and antimicrobials were suggested. Predictive models identified prior hospitalization [OR:2.23 (CI:1.58-3.14)], norfloxacin prophylaxis [OR:2.26 (CI:1.44-3.55)], prior broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure [OR:1.61 (CI:1.12-2.30)], presence of systemic inflammatory response-SIRS [OR:1.75 (CI: 1.23-2.47)], procalcitonin [OR:4.64 (CI:3.36-6.40)], and HE grade [OR:1.41 (CI:1.04-1.90)], with an area under curve; AUC of 0.891 for infection prediction. For MDRO infection prediction, second infection [OR: 7.19 (CI: 4.11-12.56)], norfloxacin prophylaxis [OR: 2.76 (CI: 1.84-4.13)], CLIF-C OF [OR: 1.10 (CI: 1.01-1.20)], prior broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure [OR: 1.66 (CI: 1.07-2.55)], rifaximin [OR: 040 (0.22-0.74)] multisite [OR: 3.67 (CI: 1.07-12.56)], and polymicrobial infection [OR: 4.55 (CI: 1.45-14.17)] yielded an AUC of 0.779 and 93% specificity. Norfloxacin prophylaxis, multisite infection, mechanical ventilation, prior broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure, and infection as acute precipitant predicted carbapenem-resistant infection (AUC: 0.821). Infections (culture-proven or probable), MDROs, carbapenem/pan-drug resistance, and second infections independently linked with mortality (P < 0.001), adjusted for age, leucocytosis, and organ failures. A model incorporating age [HR:1.02 (CI: 1.01-1.03), infection [HR:1.52 (CI: 1.05-2.20)], prior hospitalization [HR:5.33 (CI: 3.75-7.57)], norfloxacin [HR:1.29 (CI: 1.01-1.65)], multisite infection [HR:1.47 (CI:1.06-2.04)], and chronic liver failure consortium-organ failure score; CLIF-C OF [HR:1.17 (CI: 1.11-1.23)] predicted mortality with C-statistics of 0.782 (P < 0.05). Conclusion High MDRO burden, especially carbapenem-resistant, necessitates urgent control measures in cirrhosis. Site-specific epidemiology and risk models can guide empirical antimicrobial choices in cirrhosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Garg
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nipun Verma
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Archana Angrup
- Department of Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Taneja
- Department of Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Valsan
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Venkata D. Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jayant Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Roma Chaudhary
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahaj Rathi
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arka De
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhumita Premkumar
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Taneja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Calistri A, Francesco Roggero P, Palù G. Chaos theory in the understanding of COVID-19 pandemic dynamics. Gene 2024; 912:148334. [PMID: 38458366 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The chaos theory, a field of study in mathematics and physics, offers a unique lens through which to understand the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. This theory, which deals with complex systems whose behavior is highly sensitive to initial conditions, can provide insights into the unpredictable and seemingly random nature of the pandemic's spread. In this review, we will discuss some literature data with the aim of showing how chaos theory could provide valuable perspectives in understanding the complex and dynamic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we will emphasize how the chaos theory can help in dissecting the unpredictable, non- linear progression of the disease, the importance of initial conditions, and the complex interactions between various factors influencing its spread. These insights are crucial for developing effective strategies to manage and mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Pier Francesco Roggero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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11
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Shenk M, Hicks B, Quiñones A, Harrati A. Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Experiences Among Older Adults With Disabling Conditions. J Aging Health 2024; 36:320-336. [PMID: 37392162 PMCID: PMC10315517 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231185689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper examines the health, work, and financial experiences of older adults with disabling conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also explores the role of county- and state-level conditions in these experiences. METHODS Using data from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study, we estimated regression models to assess differences in outcomes between those with and without disabling conditions and by race/ethnicity. We used multilevel modeling to assess whether and how county or state factors might be associated with the differences in these effects. RESULTS Older adults with disabilities were more likely to report experiencing financial hardships, delaying health care, and experiencing effects on work than those without disabilities; these differences are heighted between race and ethnicity. Older adults with disabilities were more likely to live in counties with greater social vulnerability. DISCUSSION This work underscores the importance of developing a robust, disability-inclusive public health response that protects older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Quiñones
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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12
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Tammes P. Spread of avian influenza among poultry specialists in England during winter 2022/23: National poultry housing order and environmental drivers. Dialogues Health 2024; 4:100165. [PMID: 38516217 PMCID: PMC10954017 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the impact of the national poultry housing order the UK government introduced on 7 November 2022 on the spreading of the avian influenza virus among poultry premises. Methods A longitudinal design with 15 weeks of infected poultry specialist incidence rates per 100 poultry specialists during the 2022/23 winter for 8 English regions. A multilevel regression model was used to analyse repeated measurements. Time was level-1 unit and regions level-2 unit resulting in 120 observations. Random intercept models included interactions between housing order and weekly infected wild birds, poultry density, or weekly average temperatures divided into terciles. In models where these variables were not included as an interaction term they were introduced as confounders. Results After the introduction of the housing order, it took 3 weeks for a considerable reduction in poultry specialist incidence rates. Reduction in incidence rates was strongest in regions with highest poultry density, from 1.27 (95%CI 0.99 to 1.56) to 0.30 (95%CI 0.09 to 0.52). Considerable reductions were also seen in regions with most detected infected wild birds. Conclusion The housing order was successful in reducing infected poultry specialist incidence rates three weeks after its introduction. Strongest impact in regions with highest poultry density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tammes
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
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13
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Newton J, Ochoa L, Reinschmidt A, Vassar J, Wellman A, Vargas M, Kenyon D, Frohm M. Is beauty worth the risk? Self-confidence is the key motivating factor driving tanning bed use among undergraduate students at South Dakota universities. Int J Womens Dermatol 2024; 10:e128. [PMID: 38572264 PMCID: PMC10986912 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is a leading risk factor for developing all types of skin cancer. In the United States, an estimated 7.8 million young adults engage in indoor tanning. Objective Here, it is hypothesized that certain populations of students at undergraduate universities, namely sorority members, have a greater frequency of tanning bed usage than other groups of students and that regardless of sorority status, the most important motivating factor will be the intent to enhance one's appearance. Methods Undergraduate students at 2 state-funded universities were recruited for participation in this institutional review board-exempt survey via distribution to e-mail addresses and social media accounts affiliated with student organizations/clubs. Results Among all respondents, the most common motivating factors for tanning bed use were the perception of improved self-appearance and boosted self-confidence. Female sorority members were more likely to use tanning beds and also more likely to report being motivated by enhanced appearance and self-confidence, than their female counterparts who were not sorority members. Limitations The sample size (n = 321) and population of this study allows data to only be generalizable to surrounding states with similar demographics. The findings of this study are subject to recall bias as the data is self-reported. Conclusion Tanning bed use remains a popular practice among young people. Understanding motivations for tanning bed use among populations at increased risk of partaking in this behavior allows for educating these groups on the risks associated with ultraviolet radiation exposure. It is crucial that providers continue to promote skin health and take steps to dissuade detrimental practices and possible habit-forming behaviors at the individual and state levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Newton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Lauren Ochoa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Aly Reinschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - John Vassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Allen Wellman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Minga Vargas
- Office of Diversity and Inclusion, University of South Dakota School of Health Sciences, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - DenYelle Kenyon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Office of Diversity and Inclusion, University of South Dakota School of Health Sciences, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Marcus Frohm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
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Shan J, Ye M, Ku E, McCulloch CE, Langan SM, Abuabara K. Fasting blood glucose and insulin are not associated with atopic dermatitis in a pediatric population: A longitudinal cohort study from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. JAAD Int 2024; 15:12-14. [PMID: 38371671 PMCID: PMC10869312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Shan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Morgan Ye
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Elaine Ku
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Charles E. McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sinéad M. Langan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Katrina Abuabara
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Kishida R, Yamagishi K, Ikeda A, Hayama-Terada M, Shimizu Y, Muraki I, Umesawa M, Imano H, Sankai T, Okada T, Kitamura A, Kiyama M, Iso H. Serum folate and risk of disabling dementia: a community-based nested case-control study. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:470-476. [PMID: 37314940 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2218533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine associations between serum folate levels and risk of disabling dementia that required care under the national insurance (disabling dementia). METHODS We performed a nested case-control study in a community-based cohort, the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, involving 13,934 Japanese individuals aged 40-84 years at the baseline period of 1984-2005. Serum folate was measured in 578 cases of incident disabling dementia, and in 1,156 controls whose age (±1 years), sex, area of residence, and baseline year were matched with the cases. The diagnosis of disabling dementia was performed by attending physicians under the National Long-Term Care Insurance System in Japan. Conditional odds ratios of disabling dementia according to quintiles of serum folate were calculated using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After a 20.8-year follow-up, serum folate was inversely associated with risk of disabling dementia. The respective multivariable odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.71 (0.51-0.99), 0.76 (0.54-1.06), 0.70 (0.49-1.00), and 0.62 (0.43-0.90) for persons with the second, third, fourth, and highest quintiles of serum folate as compared with the lowest quintile (P for trend = 0.03). A similar association was observed for dementia with or without stroke. CONCLUSION In this nested case-control study with a long follow-up, low serum folate levels were associated with an increased risk of disabling dementia among Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kishida
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Ibaraki Western Medical Center, Chikusei, Japan
| | - Ai Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Shimizu
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Muraki
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Hironori Imano
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sankai
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeo Okada
- Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Kiyama
- Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Institute of Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, Tokyo, Japan
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Thorsted AB, Thygesen LC, Hoffmann SH, Rosenkilde S, Lehn SF, Lundby-Christensen L, Horsbøl TA. Educational outcomes and the role of comorbidity among adolescents with type 1-diabetes in Denmark. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15270. [PMID: 38173089 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine educational outcomes among adolescents with type 1 diabetes and determine the role of comorbidity. METHODS We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study including 3370 individuals born between 1991 and 2003 and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before the age of 16. They were all matched with up to four individuals without type 1 diabetes on age, gender, parents' educational level and immigration status. Information on comorbidity was based on hospital diagnoses. The individuals were followed in registers to determine whether they finished compulsory school (9th grade, usually at the age of 15-16 years), and were enrolled in secondary education by age 18 years. RESULTS Individuals with type 1 diabetes were more likely not to complete compulsory school (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.26-1.64), and not being enrolled in an upper secondary education by age 18 (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.31-1.73) compared to their peers. A total of 1869 (56%) individuals with type 1 diabetes were registered with at least one somatic (n = 1709) or psychiatric comorbidity (n = 389). Those with type 1 diabetes and psychiatric comorbidity were more likely not to complete compulsory school (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.54-3.96), and not being enrolled in an upper secondary education by age 18 (OR 3.66, 95% CI 2.27-5.91) compared to those with type 1 diabetes only. Further, there was a tendency towards an association between having somatic comorbidity and adverse educational outcomes (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.97-1.63; OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.95-1.66) among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The associations differed markedly between diagnostic comorbidity groups. CONCLUSION Type 1 diabetes affects educational attainment and participation among adolescents. Psychiatric comorbidity contributes to adverse educational outcomes in this group, and there is a tendency that somatic comorbidity also plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bonde Thorsted
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lau Caspar Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Have Hoffmann
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri Rosenkilde
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Fokdal Lehn
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Sjaelland, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Louise Lundby-Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Amager and Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Basnet P, Skjærven R, Harmon QE, Sørbye LM, Morken NH, Singh A, Klungsøyr K, Kvalvik LG. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in twin- and singleton-born women: An inter-generational cohort study. BJOG 2024; 131:750-758. [PMID: 37827857 PMCID: PMC10984801 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes between twin-born and singleton-born women. We also evaluated whether in utero exposure to pre-eclampsia or preterm delivery affected adverse pregnancy outcomes in women's own pregnancies. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Medical Birth Registry of Norway 1967-2020. POPULATION 9184 twin-born and 492 894 singleton-born women during 1967-2005, with their later pregnancies registered during 1981-2020. METHODS Data from an individual's birth were linked to their later pregnancies. We used generalised linear models with log link binomial distribution to obtain exponentiated regression coefficients that estimated relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between twin- or singleton-born women and later adverse pregnancy outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery or perinatal loss in twin-born compared with singleton-born women. RESULTS There was no increased risk for adverse outcomes in twin-born compared with singleton-born women: adjusted RRs for pre-eclampsia were 1.00 (95% CI 0.93-1.09), for preterm delivery 0.96 (95% CI 0.90-1.02) and for perinatal loss 1.00 (95% CI 0.84-1.18). Compared with singleton-born women exposed to pre-eclampsia in utero, twin-born women exposed to pre-eclampsia had lower risk of adverse outcomes in their own pregnancies; the aRR for pre-eclampsia was 0.73 (95% CI 0.58-0.91) and for preterm delivery was 0.71 (95% CI 0.56-0.90). Compared with preterm singleton-born women, preterm twin-born women did not differ in terms of risk of pre-eclampsia (aRR 1.05, 95% CI 0.92-1.21) or perinatal loss (aRR 0.99, 95% CI 0.71-1.37) and had reduced risk of preterm delivery (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Twin-born women did not differ from singleton-born women in terms of risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Twin-born women exposed to pre-eclampsia in utero, had a lower risk of pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery compared with singleton-born women exposed to pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prativa Basnet
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolv Skjærven
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Quaker E. Harmon
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linn Marie Sørbye
- Norwegian Research Centre for Women’s Health, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils-Halvdan Morken
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Grimstvedt Kvalvik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Gupta P, Thomas GM, Arabandi PR, Abdo MG, Dhanireddy KN, Amdur R, Doerre T. Shoulder, upper arm and elbow injuries in high school men's American football. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:457-464. [PMID: 36111698 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2125318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to reduce shoulder, upper arm and elbow injury rates in American football, identifying injury risk factors and any underlying associations is needed. No prior study has done such characterization at the high school level. A descriptive epidemiology study was performed using data from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury, and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program (NATION-SP) from the years 2011/12 to 2013/14 on high school football athletes. Four hundred and sixty total injuries were found in the dataset. Acromioclavicular (AC) sprains had the highest incidence of all injuries (0.060 injuries per 1000 exposures). Fractures lead to the greatest time lost (42.24 days). Most injuries occurred in older athletes (juniors and seniors, 30% and 32%, respectively), were related to tackling (31%), and in running back and linebacker positions (15% each). Orthopaedic surgeons and other sports medicine specialists can use these findings to educate players, coaches and families about injury risks and for improving injury prevention guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - George M Thomas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Prudvi R Arabandi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Magid G Abdo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Karthik N Dhanireddy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Richard Amdur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Teresa Doerre
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
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Lininger MR, Root HJ, Camplain R, Barger SD. Describing the appropriate use and interpretation of odds and risk ratios. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:504-510. [PMID: 36217605 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2132861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In sport medicine, epidemiology of sport-related injury provides the foundation for understanding what types of injuries and illnesses occur and who is at the highest risk. Thus, accurate and transparent reporting and interpretation of risk metrics is essential to sports epidemiology. Odds ratios (OR) and risk ratios (RR) are two statistics used to quantify the association between exposure and outcome and are frequently seen in sports medicine literature. While similarities exist, there are optimal ways to use and interpret OR and RR based on the study design and outcome incidence in the target population. In this short communication, we will present common study designs (e.g. prospective cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) along with recommendations for the use and interpretation of OR and RR. This will ultimately assist practitioners in choosing and interpreting these frequently confused measures of association and also help journal reviewers better understand the appropriate use of these measures when evaluating a manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - H J Root
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - R Camplain
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - S D Barger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Tsamantioti E, Sandström A, Muraca GM, Joseph KS, Remaeus K, Razaz N. Severe maternal morbidity surveillance, temporal trends and regional variation: A population-based cohort study. BJOG 2024; 131:811-822. [PMID: 37798853 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify temporal trends and regional variation in severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in Sweden. DESIGN Cohort study. POPULATION Live birth and stillbirth deliveries in Sweden, 1999-2019. METHODS Types and subtypes of SMM were identified, based on a standard list (modified for Swedish clinical setting after considering the frequency and validity of each indicator) using diagnoses and procedure codes, among all deliveries at ≥22 weeks of gestation (including complications within 42 days of delivery). Contrasts between regions were quantified using rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Temporal changes in SMM types and subtypes were described. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Types and subtypes of SMM. RESULTS There were 59 789 SMM cases among 2 212 576 deliveries, corresponding to 270.2 (95% CI 268.1-272.4) per 10 000 deliveries. Composite SMM rates increased from 236.6 per 10 000 deliveries in 1999 to 307.3 per 10 000 deliveries in 2006, before declining to 253.8 per 10 000 deliveries in 2019. Changes in composite SMM corresponded with temporal changes in severe haemorrhage rates, which increased from 94.9 per 10 000 deliveries in 1999 to 169.3 per 10 000 deliveries in 2006, before declining to 111.2 per 10 000 deliveries in 2019. Severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count) syndrome (103.8 per 10 000 deliveries), severe haemorrhage (133.7 per 10 000 deliveries), sepsis, embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock and severe mental health disorders were the most common SMM types. Rates of embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation and shock, acute renal failure, cardiac complications, sepsis and assisted ventilation increased, whereas rates of surgical complications, severe uterine rupture and anaesthesia complications declined. CONCLUSIONS The observed spatiotemporal variations in composite SMM and SMM types provide substantive insights and highlight regional priorities for improving maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tsamantioti
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandström
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia M Muraca
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Hospital and Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katarina Remaeus
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neda Razaz
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jin Y, Yang X, Sun H, Zhang J, Yang S, Jiang S, Song Q, Zhang G, Ma B, Yang K, Pan L, Huang L, Li Y. Global, Regional, and National Burdens of Otitis Media From 1990 to 2019: A Population Based Study. Ear Hear 2024; 45:658-665. [PMID: 38178304 PMCID: PMC11008441 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Otitis media is one of the most important causes of hearing loss at an early age. Effective vaccination with the routine 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was introduced in 2000. It has been gradually replaced by the pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine or the higher-valent 13-valent PCV (PCV-13) since 2010. Data on the change in otitis media burden in recent years are sparse at the global, regional, and national levels. DESIGN The Global Burden of Disease 2019 study was used to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, and the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in otitis media in geographic populations worldwide from 1990 to 2019. These global trends were further analyzed by subgroup (age, sex, and sociodemographic index [SDI]). RESULTS Globally, the all-age rate of prevalence (AAPC = -0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.7 to -0.8), DALYs (AAPC = -1.0, 95% CI = -1.1 to -1.0), and mortality (AAPC = -6.8, 95% CI = -7.3 to -6.4) from otitis media decreased constantly between 1990 and 2019. The all-age rate of incidence decreased sharply between 2000 and 2009 with an AAPC of -1.2 (95% CI = -1.4 to -0.9) and continued the downward trend between 2010 and 2019 (AAPC = -0.2, 95% CI = -0.3 to -0.1). In 2019, children aged 1 to 4 years old had the highest incidence at 29,127.3 per 100,000 population, while young adults under 30 years old accounted for 91.3% of the incident cases. Individuals living in middle-SDI countries had the largest increase in the incidence of otitis media, with an AAPC of 0.3 (95% CI = 0.3 to 0.3) between 1990 and 2019. The incidence and DALYs from otitis media decreased with increasing SDI. Regionally, the largest increase in incidence was observed in high-income Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe, and Western Sub-Saharan Africa between 1990 and 2019. Nationally, the largest increase in the incidence of otitis media was observed in the Republic of Korea, with an AAPC of 0.8 (95% CI = 0.6 to 1.1) in the same time period. CONCLUSIONS There have been successful previous endeavors to reduce DALYs and mortality attributed to otitis media on a global scale. The worldwide incidence of otitis media experienced a sharp decline following the introduction of PCV-7 in 2000, and this downward trend persisted in subsequent years with the adoption of PCV-13/pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine. Continual epidemiological surveillance of otitis media's global trends, pathogen distribution, and resistance patterns remains imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shize Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shuyi Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qingbin Song
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kaijie Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Leilei Pan
- Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenyang, China
| | - Longping Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Vaage AM, Benth JŠ, Meyer HE, Holmøy T, Nakken O. Premorbid lipid levels and long-term risk of ALS-a population-based cohort study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024; 25:358-366. [PMID: 38117120 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2295455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the temporal relationship between premorbid lipid levels and long-term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk. METHODS From Norwegian cardiovascular health surveys (1974-2003), we collected information on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glucose, and other cardiovascular risk factors. ALS incidence and mortality were identified through validated Norwegian health registries. The relation between premorbid lipid levels and ALS risk was assessed by Cox regression models. RESULTS Out of 640,066 study participants (51.5% females), 974 individuals (43.5% females) developed ALS. Mean follow-up time was 23.7 (SD 7.1) years among ALS cases. One mmol/l increase in LDL-C was associated with 6% increase in risk for ALS (hazard ratio 1.06 [95% CI: 1.01-1.09]). Higher levels of TC and TG were also associated with increased ALS risk, but only within the last 6-7 years prior to ALS diagnosis or death. No association between HDL-C and ALS risk was found. Adjusting for body mass index, birth cohort, smoking, and physical activity did not alter the results. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of LDL-C are associated with increased ALS risk over 40 years later, compatible with a causal relationship. The temporal relationship between TG, TC, and ALS risk suggests that increased levels of these lipid biomarkers represent consequences of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Myhre Vaage
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jūratė Šaltytė Benth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, and
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Holmøy
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Nakken
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Sharma B, Bodh V, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sachdeva A, Gupta A, Kanga A, Sharma D, Chauhan A. Hepatitis B in Trans-Himalayan Tribal Population: High Prevalence, High Pediatric Burden, Virologic Patterns, and Implications for Public Health Interventions. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101336. [PMID: 38283704 PMCID: PMC10809090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The prevalence of hepatitis B is higher in tribal populations, compared to non-tribal populations in India. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors, virological and biochemical profile of patients with hepatitis B in a tribal population. Methods This study analyzed data collected from a community-based project conducted in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, from July 2015 to 2017. The study included adults and children inhabiting 40 cluster villages out of 82 villages in the subdivision. The blood samples were collected for liver panel, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), Anti-HBe antibody (anti-HBe Ab) and Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA). Results HBsAg was positive in 23.08% of the population (968/4201), with a prevalence of 13.51% in children under 5 years of age. HBeAg positivity was seen in 22.4% of the participants, while anti-HBe Ab positivity was seen in 59.03% of the participants. HBeAg positive infection, HBeAg positive hepatitis, HBeAg negative hepatitis and HBeAg negative infection were seen in 18.06%, 1.98%, 6.17% and 74.01% of the participants, respectively. HBeAg positivity was highest in 2nd decade (40.83% vs 22% overall). Patients with HBeAg positivity exhibited higher levels of HBV DNA [1960 (IQR: 0-108) IU/ml vs 97.2 (IQR: 0-2090) IU/ml, P < 0.001] and alanine transaminase (ALT) [22.5 (IQR: 16-33) U/L vs 19 (IQR: 14-26) U/L, P = 0.003] levels compared to HBeAg negative patients. Conclusion This study shows a high prevalence of hepatitis B in tribal population, particularly among children under 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Vishal Bodh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Neetu Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Amit Sachdeva
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Anmol Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Anil Kanga
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Dikshant Sharma
- Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, India
| | - Ashish Chauhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
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24
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Lauck KC, Cho SW, Rickstrew J, Tolkachjov SN. Adverse events after empiric antibiotic administration in dermatologic surgery: A global, propensity-matched, retrospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:1065-1067. [PMID: 38266681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seo Won Cho
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jace Rickstrew
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Stanislav N Tolkachjov
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Dallas, Texas; Epiphany Dermatology, Dallas, Texas; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas at Southwestern, Dallas, Texas.
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Shah JT, Shah KT, Mazori DR, Caplan AS, Hejazi E, Garshick MS, Femia AN. Cardiovascular comorbidities are associated with dermatomyositis: A cross-sectional study in the All of Us Research Program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:1013-1016. [PMID: 38160810 PMCID: PMC11015981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill T Shah
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Keya T Shah
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, New York
| | - Daniel R Mazori
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Avrom S Caplan
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Emily Hejazi
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Michael S Garshick
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Alisa N Femia
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
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Chen J, Wang X, Ye W. Prognostic analysis of sex and age in hepatocellular carcinoma: a SEER study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 36:646-651. [PMID: 38555602 PMCID: PMC10965129 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the impact of sex on clinical features and survival among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS HCC case data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for the period 2010 to 2015 were selected for analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves displayed overall survival. Univariate cox regression examined the prognostic characteristics of individual features, and multivariate Cox regression assessed hazard ratios. RESULTS This study comprised 3486 HCC patients, with 2682 males and 804 females. Across all age groups, there was a higher prevalence of males compared to females. Survival curves among female patients showed no significant differences across various age groups. However, among male patients, those under 60 demonstrated notably higher survival rates compared to those aged 60 and above. Regarding various ethnicities, TNM staging systems, tumor sizes, the presence of lung/bone/brain metastases, location in Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Areas, SEER historic stages, tumor grades, and individuals receiving chemotherapy, the proportion of male patients consistently exceeded that of female patients. Within the female patient group, individuals receiving chemotherapy exhibited significantly higher survival rates compared to those who did not. However, the administration of chemotherapy showed no significant impact on the survival rate of male patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed age, gender, and the administration of chemotherapy key factors influencing the overall survival prognosis. CONCLUSION Age, gender, and the administration of chemotherapy are influential factors in the prognosis of both male and female HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)
| | - Wenyi Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Twomey-Kozak J, Boadi P, Rodriguez K, Whitlock K, O'Donnell J, Magill J, Anakwenze O, Klifto C. Estimates of Golf-Related Upper Extremity Injuries in the United States: A 10-Year Epidemiology Study (2011-2020). Sports Health 2024; 16:440-447. [PMID: 37097082 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231168832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golf is one of the most popular sports in the United States (US) and is played by participants of all ages and skill level. Given the popularity and sport-specific demands on the upper torso, golf poses a considerable risk for upper extremity (UE) injuries. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to (1) determine the incidence rate of UE golf injuries presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the US, (2) determine the most commonly injured body parts and mechanisms of injury, and (3) compare current injury epidemiology with previous trends in the literature. HYPOTHESIS Male sex, bimodal age extremes (young and elderly), and utilization of golf carts (vs walking) are associated with a higher incidence of golf-related UE injuries. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) is a statistically validated injury surveillance system that collects data from ED visits as a representative probability sample of hospitals in the US. We queried the NEISS for the years 2011 to 2020 to examine the following variables for golf-related UE injuries: sociodemographic, diagnosis, body part, and mechanism of injury. RESULTS From 2011 to 2020, there were a total of 1862 golf-related UE injuries presenting to participating EDs, which correlates to an estimated 70,868 total injuries. Overall, male golf players were disproportionately affected (69.2%) versus female golf players (30.8%) and the most commonly injured age groups were those aged >60 and 10 to 19 years. The most common injuries included fractures (26.8%), strains/sprains (23.4%), and soft tissue injuries (15.9%). The joints injured most frequently were the shoulder (24.8%), wrist (15.6%), and joints in the hand (12.0%). The most common mechanisms of injury were cart accidents (44.63%), falling/tripping (29.22%), and golf club swinging/mechanics (10.37%). CONCLUSION Golf-related UE injuries can be acute or due to chronic overuse. Male athletes >60 years of age were the population most commonly presenting to the ED with a golf-related injury. Further, the shoulder, forearm, and wrist were most commonly injured. These findings are consistent with previous epidemiological trends in the literature. Interventions to reduce the incidence of injury should be sport-specific and focus primarily on equipment and golf cart safety and swing modification to optimize the biomechanical function of the UEs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings indicate that golf-related injury prevention programs should target UE injuries, particularly among young (<19) and older (>60 years) golfers with poor swing mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Twomey-Kozak
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Prince Boadi
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kate Rodriguez
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Keith Whitlock
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jack Magill
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Oke Anakwenze
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher Klifto
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Huang AR, Reed NS, Deal JA, Arnold M, Burgard S, Chisolm T, Couper D, Glynn NW, Gmelin T, Goman AM, Gravens-Mueller L, Hayden KM, Mitchell C, Pankow JS, Pike JR, Schrack JA, Sanchez V, Coresh J, Lin FR. Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older Adults With Hearing Loss in the ACHIEVE Study. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:550-561. [PMID: 38016096 PMCID: PMC10981564 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231212291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is associated with cognitive/physical health; less is known about mental health. We investigated associations between hearing loss severity, depression, and health-related quality of life among older adults with unaided hearing loss. Data (N = 948) were from the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders Study. Hearing was measured by pure-tone average (PTA), Quick Speech-in-Noise (QuickSIN) test, and the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE-S). Outcomes were validated measures of depression and health-related quality of life. Associations were assessed by negative binomial regression. More severe hearing loss was associated with worse physical health-related quality of life (ratio: .98, 95% CI: .96, 1.00). Better QuickSIN was associated with higher mental health-related quality of life (1.01 [1.00, 1.02]). Worse HHIE-S was associated with depression (1.24 [1.16, 1.33]) and worse mental (.97 [.96, .98]) and physical (.95 [ .93, .96]) health-related quality of life. Further work will test effects of hearing intervention on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R. Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Reed
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Deal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Arnold
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of South Florida Sarasota - Manatee, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Sheila Burgard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Theresa Chisolm
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of South Florida Sarasota - Manatee, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancy W. Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theresa Gmelin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adele M. Goman
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
| | - Lisa Gravens-Mueller
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christine Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James Russell Pike
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Sanchez
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of South Florida Sarasota - Manatee, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank R. Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Almousa S, Mullen R, Williams K, Bourne M, Williams M. Identification of potential risk factors for lower limb injuries in female team-sport athletes: a prospective cohort study. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024; 8:126-137. [PMID: 36803421 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2181386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to assess the associations between lower limb injuries in female team-sport athletes and a number of factors. The potential risk factors explored included (1) lower limb strength, (2) history of life-event stress, (3) family history of ACL injuries, (4) menstrual history, and (5) history of oral contraception use. METHODS One hundred and thirty-five female athletes aged between 14 and 31 years (mean: 18.8 ± 3.6 years) from rugby union (n = 47), soccer (n = 72), and netball (n = 16) volunteered to participate in this study. Demographics, history of life-event stress, injury history and baseline data were obtained prior to the competitive season. The following strength measures were collected: isometric hip adductor and abductor strength, eccentric knee flexor strength and single leg jumping kinetics. Athletes were then followed for 12 months, and all lower limb injuries sustained were recorded. RESULTS One hundred and nine athletes provided one-year follow-up injury data, of whom, 44 suffered at least one lower limb injury. All athletes who reported high scores for negative life-event stress sustained lower limb injuries. Non-contact lower limb injury was positively associated with weak hip adductor strength (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.78-0.98; p = 0.017), and between-limb adductor (OR: 5.65; 95%CI: 1.61-19.7.; p = 0.007) and abductor (OR: 1.95; 95%CI: 1.03-3.71; p = 0.039) strength asymmetries. CONCLUSION History of life event stress, hip adductor strength, and between-limb adductor and abductor strength asymmetries offer potential novel avenues for investigating injury risk factors in female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Almousa
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Mullen
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Kate Williams
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Matthew Bourne
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Morgan Williams
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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O'Rorke M, Chrischilles E. Making progress against rare cancers: A case study on neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer 2024; 130:1568-1574. [PMID: 38244195 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In April 2023, the National Cancer Institute offered a roadmap for cancer research to achieve Cancer Moonshot goals. To reach these goals requires making progress for all cancers, not just those that are most common. Achieving progress against rare cancers, as well as common cancers, requires involvement of large clinical research networks. In 2020, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) launched an initiative on Conducting Rare Disease Research using PCORnet, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network. The purpose of this commentary is to introduce the broader community of cancer researchers to the PCORnet NET-PRO study (comparing the effects of different treatment approaches for neuroendocrine tumors on patient-reported outcomes) thereby demonstrating how researchers can use the PCORnet infrastructure to conduct large-scale patient-centered studies of rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Rorke
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chrischilles
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Adam HS, Molinsky R, Bohn B, Roy S, Rosenbaum M, Paster B, Yuzefpolskaya M, Colombo PC, Papapanou PN, Desvarieux M, Jacobs DR, Demmer RT. Clinical attachment loss is cross-sectionally associated with elevated glucose among adults without diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:522-535. [PMID: 38343130 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM We investigated whether periodontal measures are cross-sectionally associated with prediabetes and cardiometabolic biomarkers among non-diabetic younger adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS One thousand seventy-one participants (mean age = 32.2 years [SE = 0.3]; 73% female) from the Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study were enrolled. Full-mouth clinical attachment loss (fm-CAL), probing depth (fm-PD) and bleeding on probing were ascertained. Interproximal CAL (i-CAL) and probing depths (i-PD) served as our primary exposures. Glucose, HbA1c, insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) outcomes were assessed from fasting blood. Prediabetes was defined per American Diabetes Association guidelines. Prediabetes prevalence ratios (PR [95% CI]) and mean [SE] cardiometabolic biomarkers were regressed on periodontal variables via multivariable robust variance Poisson regression or multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Prevalence of prediabetes was 12.5%. Fully adjusted prediabetes PR in Tertiles 3 versus 1 of mean i-CAL was 2.42 (1.77, 3.08). Fully adjusted fasting glucose estimates across i-CAL tertiles were 83.29 [0.43], 84.31 [0.37], 86.48 [0.46]; p for trend <.01. Greater percent of sites with i-PD ≥3 mm showed elevated natural-log-HOMA-IR after adjustment (0%-12% of sites = 0.33 [0.03], 13%-26% of sites = 0.39 [0.03], ≥27% of sites = 0.42 [0.03]; p for trend = .04). CONCLUSIONS i-CAL (vs. fm-CAL) was associated with elevated fasting glucose and prediabetes, whereas i-PD (vs. fm-PD) was associated with insulin resistance. Future studies are needed to examine periodontal disease and incident prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi S Adam
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca Molinsky
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sumith Roy
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Paster
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Moïse Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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32
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Lupo PJ, Magyar CL. The evidence is mounting: Insurance coverage disruptions lead to worse outcomes among children diagnosed with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30924. [PMID: 38379182 PMCID: PMC10959675 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Lupo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Christina L. Magyar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Villanueva-Saz S, Martínez M, Rueda P, Pérez MD, Lacasta D, Marteles D, Ruíz H, Gonzalez A, Verde MT, Pardo J, Arias M, Peña-Fresneda N, Fernández A, Trotta M. Serological exposure to influenza A in cats from an area with wild birds positive for avian influenza. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:324-330. [PMID: 37872888 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A is an emerging zoonotic virus with worldwide distribution. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to assess influenza A exposure in stray cats in regions with positive cases of wild birds. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anti-influenza A antibodies in feral cats from a region in Spain with cases of positive wild birds. A cross-sectional study of stray cats (n = 183) was conducted between March 2022 and March 2023. The presence of antibodies against the influenza A virus was tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit adapted for this study and confirmed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against the haemagglutinin H5. During sample collection, none of the cats exhibited clinical signs of illness. Four of the 183 animals tested showed anti-influenza A antibodies by ELISA, and the seroprevalence of influenza A was 2.19% (95% confidence interval 0.85%-5.48%). Due to the low number of positive cases detected, it appears that cats did not have an important epidemiological role in influenza A transmission during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mariví Martínez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Rueda
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Héctor Ruíz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Gonzalez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Zaragoza University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maykel Arias
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michele Trotta
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Cawthon PM, Drake M. It is not "just a fracture". JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae022. [PMID: 38596506 PMCID: PMC11001754 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In their recent population-based study of nearly 100 000 patients from Ontario, Canada, who had suffered a fracture, Vincent et al. characterized postfracture survival rates. Their findings showed that overall survival was decreased particularly following fractures of the hip or vertebrae, and was worse in men and the oldest old. They found that relative survival, particularly after hip fracture, is strikingly poor with less than one-third of men and one-half of women surviving for 5 years following hip fracture, survival which was far less than that seen for patients afflicted by both prostate and breast cancers. Importantly, mortality risk increased immediately after fracture occurrence and was highest within 1 month of fracture. Collectively, their data suggest that a short, critical window may exist immediately following fracture in which application of interventions to improve survival is likely to be of greatest value. Future work is urgently needed to identify the best approaches to employ during this critical time period in order to optimize survival in patients who have suffered a fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy M Cawthon
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States 94143
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Matthew Drake
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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35
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Grønnemose RB, Hansen PS, Worsøe Laursen S, Gerke O, Kjellberg J, Lykkegaard J, Thye-Rønn C, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Thye-Rønn P. Risk of cancer and serious disease in Danish patients with urgent referral for serious non-specific symptoms and signs of cancer in Funen 2014-2021. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1304-1315. [PMID: 38409600 PMCID: PMC11014902 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2011, as the first European country, Denmark introduced the non-organ-specific cancer patient pathway (CPP) for patients presenting with non-specific symptoms and signs of cancer (NSSC). The proportion of patients with cancer over time is unknown. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of all patients with a NSSC-CPP investigational course in the province of Funen to the Diagnostic Centre in Svendborg from 2014 to 2021 was performed to evaluate the proportion of patients with cancer and serious disease over time. RESULTS A total of 6698 patients were referred to the NSSC-CPP of which 20.2% had cancer. While the crude referral rate increased from 114 per 100,000 people in 2014 and stabilised to around 214 in 2017-2021, the cancer detection rate of the total yearly new cancers in Funen diagnosed through the NSSC-CPP in DC Svendborg increased from 3 to 6%. CONCLUSIONS With now high and stable conversion and crude referral rates, the NSSC-CPP is one of the largest CPPs in Denmark as measured by the number of new cancer cases found. Similar urgent referral programmes in other countries might fill an unmet medical need for patients presenting with serious non-specific symptoms and signs of cancer in general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Syrak Hansen
- Diagnostic Centre, Svendborg Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | | | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kjellberg
- VIVE, The Danish Centre for Social Science Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lykkegaard
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clara Thye-Rønn
- Diagnostic Centre, Svendborg Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Thye-Rønn
- Diagnostic Centre, Svendborg Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark.
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36
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Meader R, Papasotiriou S, Ahdi H, Dang H, Ehrenpreis ED. Angiotensin Receptor Blocker-Related Sprue-like Enteropathy: Review of Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. Ann Pharmacother 2024; 58:494-500. [PMID: 37559251 DOI: 10.1177/10600280231191834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sprue-like enteropathy (SE) related to olmesartan use was first reported in 2012. In 2017, the manufacturer of Benicar paid $300 million for 2300 claims for olmesartan-related SE. OBJECTIVE A study in 2019 suggested that SE was related to olmesartan and with the possibility of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) class effect. To further characterize this condition, our group examined reports of ARB-related SE to Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS All reports of ARB-related SE from January 2017 to December 2021 were downloaded from the FAERS database. Gastrointestinal adverse events including SE were reviewed. Reporter categories included physicians, pharmacists, other health care professionals, consumers, and attorneys. RESULTS A total of 106 590 reports of ARB-related adverse effects were analyzed. Sprue-like enteropathy was identified in 4337 cases (4.1% of total reports). Of these, 4240 cases (98.0%) of ARB-related SE were reported in patients using products with olmesartan, and 97 cases of SE were reported for all other ARBs (eprosartan, losartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, valsartan, and candesartan). Reports of olmesartan-related SE increased rapidly in 2017, continued at a high rate in 2018 and 2019, and essentially stopped in 2020 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Reports to FAERS for ARB-related SE are mostly related to olmesartan. There was a steep decline in reports of olmesartan-related SE following the lawsuit with potential of lawyer interference. There are reports of SE related to ARBs other than olmesartan, with increased physician awareness and the potential to discover a class effect with future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Meader
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Sam Papasotiriou
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Hardeep Ahdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Hoang Dang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Eli D Ehrenpreis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
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37
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Liu X, Liu T, Wan R. Clinical presentation of severe COVID‑19 with heart failure: A single‑center retrospective study. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:193. [PMID: 38590575 PMCID: PMC11000051 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global transformation in public health interventions. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical features as well as the outcomes of severe heart failure (HF) among patients with severe COVID-19. A single-center observational study was carried out at The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force (Wuxi, China) from November 2022 to April 2023, and a total of 210 patients diagnosed with severe HF were included. Among these patients, 128 patients had COVID-19 whereas the remaining patients were not diagnosed with COVID-19. The analysis entailed investigated pre-existing medical records, that is, admission and discharge, laboratory values, neuroimaging, length of hospitalization, mortality and costs incurred by patients throughout the COVID-19 pandemic from the records. All the 210 incorporated patients accomplished the follow-up and it was established that there was no significant differences in baseline characteristics between HF combined with COVID-19 and HF without COVID-19 were affirmed (P>0.05). HF coupled with COVID-19 infection demonstrated an increased risk of 30-day mortality (28.91 vs. 14.63%; P=0.017), extended length of hospital stays (22.54±6.73 vs. 19.35±5.69; P<0.001) and higher expenses for hospitalization (P<0.001). Complications related to hospitalization, including pneumonia (76.56 vs. 35.37%; P=1.0x10-4), respiratory failure (47.66 vs. 24.39%; P=0.001), pulmonary embolism (8.59 vs. 2.44%; P=0.031), deep vein thrombosis (30.47 vs. 14.63%; P=0.009), 7 days delirium (60.16 vs. 45.12%; P=0.033), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (32.81 vs. 18.29%; P=0.021) and neurological deficits (30.47% vs. 17.07%, P=0.029) increased significantly. In conclusion, HF combined with COVID-19, treatment and prognosis are getting worse. Enhancing preparedness for future COVID-19 and other similar pandemics necessitates the comprehension of this to refine care provided to patients with HF (registration no. THH-IPR-20221101 on 01 November 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Liu
- Department of Quality Management, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force (Wuxi Taihu Hospital), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Quality Management, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force (Wuxi Taihu Hospital), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Quality Management, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force (Wuxi Taihu Hospital), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
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Zhou H, Lou Y, Chen L, Kang Y, Liu L, Cai Z, Anderson DB, Wang W, Zhang C, Wang J, Ning G, Gao Y, He B, Ding W, Wang Y, Mei W, Song Y, Zhou Y, Xia M, Wang H, Zhao J, Yin G, Zhang T, Jing F, Zhu R, Meng B, Duan L, Zhang Z, Wu D, Cai Z, Huang L, Yin Z, Li K, Lu S, Feng S. Epidemiological and clinical features, treatment status, and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China: a hospital-based retrospective study. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1126-1133. [PMID: 37862218 PMCID: PMC10749597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury is potentially catastrophic and can lead to permanent disability or even death. China has the largest population of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. Previous studies of traumatic spinal cord injury in China have mostly been regional in scope; national-level studies have been rare. To the best of our knowledge, no national-level study of treatment status and economic burden has been performed. This retrospective study aimed to examine the epidemiological and clinical features, treatment status, and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China at the national level. We included 13,465 traumatic spinal cord injury patients who were injured between January 2013 and December 2018 and treated in 30 hospitals in 11 provinces/municipalities representing all geographical divisions of China. Patient epidemiological and clinical features, treatment status, and total and daily costs were recorded. Trends in the percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department and cost of care were assessed by annual percentage change using the Joinpoint Regression Program. The percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department did not significantly change overall (annual percentage change, -0.5% and 2.1%, respectively). A total of 10,053 (74.7%) patients underwent surgery. Only 2.8% of patients who underwent surgery did so within 24 hours of injury. A total of 2005 (14.9%) patients were treated with high-dose (≥ 500 mg) methylprednisolone sodium succinate/methylprednisolone (MPSS/MP); 615 (4.6%) received it within 8 hours. The total cost for acute traumatic spinal cord injury decreased over the study period (-4.7%), while daily cost did not significantly change (1.0% increase). Our findings indicate that public health initiatives should aim at improving hospitals' ability to complete early surgery within 24 hours, which is associated with improved sensorimotor recovery, increasing the awareness rate of clinical guidelines related to high-dose MPSS/MP to reduce the use of the treatment with insufficient evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfu Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Back Pain Research Team, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - David B. Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Spine Institute, Burwood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital & Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhengzhou Orthopedics Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jing
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rusen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhanhai Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kainan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Geriatric Diseases Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China
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Ho VKY, Deijen CL, Hemmes B, van Erning FN, Snaebjornsson P, van Triest B, Grotenhuis BA. Trends in epidemiology and primary treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands (1990-2021). Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1569-1578. [PMID: 38151810 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A rapid increase in the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was reported in several countries over the past decades. This study assessed trends in epidemiology and primary treatment over a 32-year period (1990-2021) using the Netherlands Cancer Registry. The study population included 4273 patients, 44.2% male and 55.8% female (median age 63 years). The age-standardised incidence rate (European Standardised Rate, ESR) increased from 0.5 to 1.6 per 100,000, which entailed an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 5.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5%-5.8%). While incidence among females increased continuously over the total period (AAPC 4.9%; 95%CI: 4.4%-5.6%), to 1.8 per 100,000 ESR in 2021, incidence among males increased until 2016 (annual percentage change [APC] of 6.3%; 95%CI: 5.6%-10.7%), after which it seemed to stabilise (APC -2.1%; 95%CI: -16.8%-4.5%). Significant trends were also observed in distribution of age, tumour stage and primary treatment modalities. Five-year relative survival (RS) was estimated using the Pohar-Perme estimator, and this improved from 56.1% in 1990-1997 (95%CI: 49.3%-62.4%) to 67.9% in 2014-2021 (95%CI: 64.7%-70.9%), but remained poor for stage IV disease. Evaluation through a multivariable Poisson regression model demonstrated diagnosis in the most recent period to be independently associated with better RS, in addition to female sex, younger age, early disease stage and any treatment. In conclusion, the rising incidence of anal SCC seems to decline in males, but not in females, and advances in diagnostics and therapeutic management have likely contributed to improved prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent K Y Ho
- Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte L Deijen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Hemmes
- Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Felice N van Erning
- Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Petur Snaebjornsson
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Baukelien van Triest
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brechtje A Grotenhuis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Møllehave LT, Knudsen N, Prescott E, Pedersen IB, Ravn-Haren G, Carlé A, Linneberg A. Does iodine fortification affect the risk of atrial fibrillation in incident hyperthyroidism? A national register-based cohort. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:502-510. [PMID: 38433726 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iodine fortification (IF) induces an initial increase followed by a decrease in the incidence of hyperthyroidism in the general population. Within the population of hyperthyroid patients, the sex-, age- and subtype distribution changes after IF. The risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in hyperthyroid patients may be influenced by these factors. Therefore, we aimed to examine how the association between incident hyperthyroidism and AF was affected by IF increasing the population iodine intake from moderate-mild iodine deficiency to low adequacy. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Incident hyperthyroid patients were included at the date of first inpatient or outpatient diagnosis, and AF diagnoses within 3 months before to 6 months after the index date were identified in Danish nationwide registers, 1997-2018. The relative risk (RR) of AF each calendar year (reference: 1997; IF introduced: 2000) was analyzed in Poisson regression models adjusted for age, sex, educational level, geographic region, and comorbidities. RESULTS Overall, in 62,201 patients with incident hyperthyroidism 7.9% were diagnosed with AF. There was a minor nonsignificantly increased risk of AF during the first years after IF followed by a gradual decrease to RR 0.76 (0.62-0.94) in 2017. There were no statistically significant differences in the development in the risk of AF by sex, age group, or geographic region. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that IF may reduce the risk of concomitant AF in hyperthyroid patients. If these results are confirmed, IF may not only reduce the population incidence of hyperthyroidism but also reduce the burden of morbidity in the remaining hyperthyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Knudsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gitte Ravn-Haren
- Research Group for Risk Benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Allan Carlé
- Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Engebretsen I, Gilhus NE, Kristiansen IS, Sæther EM, Lindberg-Schager I, Arneberg F, Bugge C. The epidemiology and societal costs of myasthenia gravis in Norway: A non-interventional study using national registry data. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16233. [PMID: 38323756 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE With the emergence of new treatment options for myasthenia gravis (MG), there is a need for information regarding epidemiology, healthcare utilization, and societal costs to support economic evaluation and identify eligible patients. We aimed to enhance the understanding of these factors using nationwide systematic registry data in Norway. METHODS We received comprehensive national registry data from five Norwegian health- and work-related registries. The annual incidence and prevalence were estimated for the period 2013-2021 using nationwide hospital and prescription data. The direct, indirect (productivity losses) and intangible costs (value of lost life-years [LLY] and health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) related to MG were estimated over a period of 1 year. RESULTS In 2021, the incidence of MG ranged from 15 to 16 cases per year per million population depending on the registry used, while the prevalence varied between 208.9 and 210.3 per million population. The total annual societal costs of MG amounted to EUR 24,743 per patient, of which EUR 3592 (14.5%) were direct costs, EUR 8666 (35.0%) were productivity loss, and EUR 12,485 (50.5%) were lost value from LLY and reduced HRQoL. CONCLUSION The incidence and prevalence of MG are higher than previously estimated, and the total societal costs of MG are substantial. Our findings demonstrate that productivity losses, and the value of LLY and HRQoL constitute a considerable proportion of the total societal costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Erik Gilhus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Sønbø Kristiansen
- Oslo Economics, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Aotsuka Y, Misawa S, Suichi T, Shibuya K, Nakamura K, Kano H, Otani R, Morooka M, Ogushi M, Nagashima K, Sato Y, Kuriyama N, Kuwabara S. Prevalence and clinical profiles of anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy in Japan: A nationwide survey study of 133 patients. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16249. [PMID: 38375741 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy and the current status of such patients in Japan. METHODS We conducted a nationwide survey in 2021 using established epidemiological methods. Questionnaires were sent to all neurology and pediatric neurology departments throughout Japan to identify patients with anti-MAG neuropathy. An initial questionnaire was used to determine the number of patients, with a second one used to collect detailed clinical information. RESULTS The estimated number of patients with anti-MAG neuropathy was 353, with a prevalence of 0.28 per 100,000 and an incidence of 0.05 per 100,000. The detailed clinical profiles of 133 patients were available. The median (range) age of onset was 67 (30-87) years, with a prominent peak in the age range 66-70 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 3.6. Most patients had distal sensory-predominant polyneuropathy, and neuropathic pain (50%), or sensory ataxia (42%), while 18% had Waldenström's macroglobulinemia or multiple myeloma. Intravenous immunoglobulin was the most frequently used treatment (65%), but the response rate was <50%, whereas rituximab was given in 32% of patients, and 64% of these showed improvement. At the last visit, 27% of patients could not walk independently. CONCLUSIONS This study on anti-MAG neuropathy provides updated insights into the epidemiology of this disease, clinical profiles, and treatment approaches in Japan. Rituximab therapy, used for only one-third of the patients, demonstrated efficacy. During the final visit, a quarter of the patients were unable to walk independently. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal management of this rare and intractable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Aotsuka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sonoko Misawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoki Suichi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Shibuya
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keigo Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Otani
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marie Morooka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Moeko Ogushi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagashima
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Social Health Medicine, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan
- Departments of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Nunes MST, Barbosa Jorge L, Yu L, Woronik V, Bitencourt Dias C. Epidemiological, immunological, and treatment response profile of patients with lupus nephritis in Brazil. Lupus 2024; 33:650-658. [PMID: 38514381 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241240869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Brazil has the largest number of individuals of African descent outside Africa and a very admixed population. Among cases of lupus nephritis (LN) in the country, there are differences in incidence, and even in severity, depending on the location and characteristics of the population studied. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of LN in Brazil, as well as to determine which of those characteristics would be risk factors for a poor renal prognosis. METHODS This was a retrospective, descriptive observational study of patients diagnosed with LN who underwent kidney biopsy between 1999 and 2015 in the Nephrology Department of the Hospital das Clínicas, in São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS We evaluated 398 patients, among who 94.1% and 77.7% tested positive for antinuclear antibodies and anti-DNA antibodies, respectively, whereas 33.7% showed the full-house pattern. The time from LN symptom onset to biopsy was <6 months in 47.5% (early biopsy group) and ≥6 months in 52.5% (late biopsy group). In the early biopsy group, the chronicity index was lower and the activity index was higher. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher chronicity index was the only independent risk factor for progression to requiring kidney replacement therapy. CONCLUSION Late biopsy seems to be associated with negative renal outcomes in LN. However, it seems that a higher chronicity index is the main predictor of a poor renal outcome among patients with LN in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sousa Teixeira Nunes
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lectícia Barbosa Jorge
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Yu
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viktoria Woronik
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bitencourt Dias
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate reliable and validated temporomandibular disorder (TMD) diagnostic instruments for use as diagnostic tools in epidemiological surveys.Methods: Two independent reviewers performed searches in the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify validation studies of diagnostic and screening instruments for TMD published up to March 2021.Results: Sixteen studies were included for the systematic review. Different TMD instruments were evaluated, such as FAI, RDC/TMD, DC/TMD, Helkimo Index, and AAOP Questionnaire. The instruments differed according to the number of items. Some questionnaires appear to be effective for the initial screening of TMD patients and can be incorporated in clinical practice and epidemiological studies since they are easy and fast to apply.Conclusion: To provide an accurate TMD diagnosis, it is important to use instruments that involve a clinical examination. Authors suggest the development of a new validated diagnostic tool for use in epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Elton Araújo Borges
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte UFRN, Center of Health Science. Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luana da Rocha Alves Mendonça
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte UFRN, Center of Health Science. Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Dos Santos Calderon
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte UFRN, Center of Health Science. Natal, RN, Brazil
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Baxter MA, Denholm M, Kingdon SJ, Kathirgamakarthigeyan S, Parikh S, Shakir R, Johnson R, Martin H, Walton M, Yao W, Swan A, Samuelson C, Ren X, Cooper A, Gray HL, Clifton S, Ball J, Gullick G, Anderson M, Dodd L, Hayhurst H, Salama M, Shotton R, Britton F, Christodoulou T, Abdul-Hamid A, Eichholz A, Evans RM, Wallroth P, Gibson F, Poole K, Rowe M, Harris J. CAnceR IN PreGnancy (CARING) - a retrospective study of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy in the United Kingdom. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1261-1268. [PMID: 38383704 PMCID: PMC11014900 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is increasing. Data relating to investigation and management, as well as maternal and foetal outcomes is lacking in a United Kingdom (UK) population. METHODS In this retrospective study we report data from 119 patients diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy from 14 cancer centres in the UK across a five-year period (2016-2020). RESULTS Median age at diagnosis was 33 years, with breast, skin and haematological the most common primary sites. The majority of cases were new diagnoses (109 patients, 91.6%). Most patients were treated with radical intent (96 patients, 80.7%), however, gastrointestinal cancers were associated with a high rate of palliative intent treatment (63.6%). Intervention was commenced during pregnancy in 68 (57.1%) patients; 44 (37%) had surgery and 31 (26.1%) received chemotherapy. Live births occurred in 98 (81.7%) of the cases, with 54 (55.1%) of these delivered by caesarean section. Maternal mortality during the study period was 20.2%. CONCLUSIONS This is the first pan-tumour report of diagnosis, management and outcomes of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy in the UK. Our findings demonstrate proof of concept that data collection is feasible and highlight the need for further research in this cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Baxter
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.
| | - M Denholm
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S J Kingdon
- Exeter Oncology Centre, Royal Devon University Hospitals NHS Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - S Parikh
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Shakir
- Oncology Department, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - R Johnson
- Oncology Department, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - H Martin
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Walton
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Yao
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Swan
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Samuelson
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - X Ren
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Cooper
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H-L Gray
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - S Clifton
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - J Ball
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - G Gullick
- Oncology Department, Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - M Anderson
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Dodd
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - H Hayhurst
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Salama
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Shotton
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - F Britton
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - T Christodoulou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A Abdul-Hamid
- Department of Oncology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - A Eichholz
- Department of Oncology, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - R M Evans
- South West Wales Cancer Centre, Swansea Bay NHS Trust, Swansea, UK
| | | | - F Gibson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Poole
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - M Rowe
- Sunrise Oncology Centre, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK
| | - J Harris
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Murphy MC, Merrick N, Mosler AB, Allen G, Chivers P, Hart NH. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for lower-limb and back injury in law enforcement officers commencing their basic training: a prospective cohort study. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:511-523. [PMID: 36284503 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2139618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to report the epidemiology of lower-limb and lumbosacral injuries in Police Force recruits. We performed a cohort study of Police Force recruits undergoing a six-month training program with prospective injury data collected between 2018 and 2021. Cardiorespiratory fitness was quantified by the beep-test and police-specific-functional-capacity was quantified using a specifically designed physical performance evaluation (PPE) tool. Injury frequency and prevalence were reported. Fifteen percent (n = 180) of study Police Force recruits (n = 1,181) sustained a lower-limb or lumbosacral injury. The six-month training program significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001) and functional capacity (p < 0.001). Increased cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline decreased injury risk (OR = 0.8, 95%CI: 0.66-0.97, p = 0.019). Injury rates decreased over time and females were injured significantly earlier than males (HR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.52 to 0.95, p = 0.021). Interventions that can pre-condition Police Force recruits prior to the commencement of their basic physical training may reduce the number of lower-limb and lumbosacral injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles C Murphy
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Merrick
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea B Mosler
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garth Allen
- Western Australian Police Force, Western Australian Police Academy, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paola Chivers
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Hart
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Vikström S, Syriopoulou E, Andersson TML, Eriksson H. Loss in life expectancy in patients with stage II-III cutaneous melanoma in Sweden: A population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:963-969. [PMID: 38218560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival in cutaneous melanoma (CM) is heterogeneous. Loss in life expectancy (LLE) measures impact of CM on remaining lifespan compared to general population. OBJECTIVES Investigating LLE in operated stage II-III CM patients. METHODS Data from 8061 patients (aged 40-80 years) with stage II-III CM in Sweden, diagnosed between 2005 and 2018, were analyzed (Swedish Melanoma Registry). A flexible parametric survival model estimated life expectancy and LLE. RESULTS Based on 2018 diagnoses, stage II and III CM patients lost 2209 and 1902 life years, respectively. LLE was higher in stage III: 5.2 versus 10.9 years (stage II vs III 60-year-old females). Younger patients had higher LLE: 10.7 versus 3.9 years (stage II CM in 40 vs 70-year-old males). In stage II, females had lower LLE than males; 50-year-old females and males stage II CM had LLE equal to 7.3 and 8.3 years, respectively. LLE increased with higher substages, stage IIB resembling IIIB and IIC resembling IIIC-D. LIMITATIONS Extrapolation was used to estimate LLE. Varying stage group sizes require caution. CONCLUSIONS Our results are both clinically relevant and easy-to-interpret measures of the impact of CM on survival, but the results also summarize the prognosis over the lifetime of a CM patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Vikström
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisavet Syriopoulou
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese M-L Andersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Eriksson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cancer Theme, Medical Unit Head-Neck, Lung- and Skin Cancer, Skin Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mattos P, Moraes CEFD, Sichieri R, Hay P, Faraone SV, Appolinario JC. Adult ADHD Symptoms in a Large Metropolitan Area From Brazil: Prevalence and Associations with Psychiatric Comorbidity, Bullying, Sexual Abuse, and Quality of Life. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1082-1091. [PMID: 38380531 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241229097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and psychiatric correlates of symptomatic ADHD in a large metropolitan area of a middle-income country. METHODS An in-person household survey with randomly selected 2,297 adults aged 19 to 60 from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, assessed by trained lay interviewers. The Adult Self-Rating Scale Screener (ASRS-6) was used. Chi-square and logistic regression were conducted. RESULTS ADHD prevalence was 4.59 (95% CI [3.56, 5.44]). Those with ADHD were younger and more often unemployed; they displayed more psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse) and a history of bullying and sexual abuse. They also had worse physical health indicators. Findings remained significant when controlling for socioeconomic variables. CONCLUSION Adults with symptomatic ADHD from a large metropolitan area in Brazil show a pattern of findings consistent with what has been observed in higher-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Moraes
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Mental Health Services, SWSLHD, Campbelltown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jose Carlos Appolinario
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lipsitch M, Inglesby TV, Cicero A, Relman DA. Public role in research oversight. J Virol 2024; 98:e0006124. [PMID: 38477584 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00061-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lipsitch
- Departments of Epidemiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas V Inglesby
- Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita Cicero
- Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for International Security and Cooperation, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Crane H, Eslick GD, Gofton C, Shaikh A, Cholankeril G, Cheah M, Zhong JH, Svegliati-Baroni G, Vitale A, Kim BK, Ahn SH, Kim MN, Strasser S, George J. Global prevalence of MAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024:cmh.2024.0109. [PMID: 38623613 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The global proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) attributable to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is unclear. The MAFLD diagnostic criteria allows objective diagnosis in the presence of steatosis plus defined markers of metabolic dysfunction, irrespective of concurrent liver disease. We aimed to determine the total global prevalence of MAFLD in HCC cohorts (total-MAFLD), including the proportion with MAFLD as their sole liver disease (single-MAFLD), and the proportion of those with concurrent liver disease where MAFLD was a contributary factor (mixed-MAFLD). METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis included studies systematically ascertaining MAFLD in HCC cohorts, defined using international expert panel criteria including ethnicity specific BMI cut-offs. A comparison of clinical and tumour characteristics was performed between single-MAFLD, mixed-MAFLD and non-MAFLD HCC. RESULTS 22 studies (56,565 individuals with HCC) were included. Total and single-MAFLD HCC prevalence was 48.7% (95% CI; 34.5% - 63.0%) and 12.4% (95% CI; 8.3% - 17.3%), respectively. In HCC due to chronic hepatitis B, C and alcohol-related liver disease, mixed-MAFLD prevalence was 40.0% (95% CI; 30.2% - 50.3%), 54.1% (95% CI; 40.4% - 67.6%) and 64.3% (95% CI; 52.7% - 75.0%), respectively. Mixed-MAFLD HCC had significantly higher likelihood of cirrhosis and lower likelihood of metastatic spread compared to single-MAFLD HCC, and a higher platelet count and lower likelihood of macrovascular invasion compared to non-MAFLD HCC. CONCLUSION MAFLD is common as a sole aetiology, but more so and as a co-factor in mixed-aetiology HCC, supporting the use of a positive diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Crane
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy D Eslick
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cameron Gofton
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anjiya Shaikh
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - George Cholankeril
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Cheah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | | | - Alessandro Vitale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Na Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Simone Strasser
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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