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Sogabe M, Okahisa T, Kagawa M, Sei M, Kagemoto K, Tanaka H, Kida Y, Nakamura F, Tomonari T, Okamoto K, Miyamoto H, Sato Y, Nakasono M, Takayama T. Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with gallstone development: A longitudinal study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:754-761. [PMID: 38212880 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The influence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease on gallstone development remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and gallstone development in both men and women. METHODS This observational cohort study included 5398 patients without gallstones who underwent > 2 health check-ups between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2020. A generalized estimation equation model was used to analyze the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and gallstone development according to repeated measures at baseline and most recent stage. RESULTS After adjustment, the odds ratios of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease for gallstone development in men and women were 3.019 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.901-4.794) and 2.201 (95% CI: 1.321-3.667), respectively. Among patients aged ≥ 50 years, the odds ratio for gallstone development was significantly enhanced with increasing metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease component numbers in both sexes; however, no significance was observed in those aged < 50 years. Other significant risk factors for gallstone development were age (odds ratio: 1.093, 95% CI: 1.060-1.126) and waist circumference (odds ratio: 1.048, 95% CI: 1.018-1.079) in men and age (odds ratio: 1.035, 95% CI: 1.003-1.067) and current smoking (odd ratio: 5.465, 95% CI: 1.881-15.88) in women. CONCLUSION Although the risk factors for gallstone development differed between sexes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was common. Paying attention to an increase in the number of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease components in patients aged ≥ 50 years is important for gallstone prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sogabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Okahisa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Miwako Kagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Motoko Sei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaizo Kagemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Fumika Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsu Tomonari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakasono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tsurugi Municipal Handa Hospital, Tsurugi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Vajro P. Paediatric steatotic liver disease has unique characteristics: A multisociety statement endorsing the new nomenclature. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024. [PMID: 38529849 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been a commonly used term and diagnosis in paediatric hepatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology clinics for over 30 years. A multisociety Delphi process has determined a new name "Steatotic Liver Disease" (SLD) as the overarching term for disorders associated with hepatic lipid accumulation. Our Societies give our support to steatotic liver disease as the best overarching term for use in our communities. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) overcomes many of the shortcomings of the name NAFLD. Here, we highlight several points of the new nomenclature that are of particular importance for our community and their consequences for implementation including: diagnostic criteria, considering alternate diagnoses, practical implementation, research, advocacy, and education for paediatricians. As with all nomenclature changes, it will take a concerted effort from our paediatric societies to help integrate the optimal use of this into practice.
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Abdelmalek MF, Harrison SA, Sanyal AJ. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 38511418 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite its considerable and growing burden, there are currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease or its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Several glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and other agents are in various phases of clinical development for use in MASH; an ideal therapy should reduce liver fat content, improve chronic liver disease, help mitigate metabolic comorbidities and decrease all-cause mortality. Because of interconnected disease mechanisms, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/MASH often coexists with type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and cardiovascular disease. Various GLP-1RAs are Food and Drug Administration-approved for use in T2D, and two, liraglutide and semaglutide, are approved for overweight and obesity. GLP-1RAs decrease glucose levels and body weight and improve cardiovascular outcomes in people with T2D who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, GLP-1RAs have been reported to reduce liver fat content and liver enzymes, reduce oxidative stress and improve hepatic de novo lipogenesis and the histopathology of MASH. Weight loss may contribute to these effects; however, the exact mechanisms are unknown. Adverse events that are commonly associated with GLP-1RAs include vomiting, nausea and diarrhoea. There is a lack of evidence from meta-analyses regarding the increased risk of acute pancreatitis and various forms of cancer with GLP-1RAs. Large-scale, phase 3 trials, which will provide definitive data on GLP-1RAs and other potential therapies in MASH, are ongoing. Given the spectrum of modalities under investigation, it is hoped that these trials will support the identification of pharmacotherapies that provide clinical benefit for patients with MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal F Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Stoica VC, Apostol D, Diculescu MM, Gârdan IP, Gârdan DA, Mărunțelu I, Constantinescu I. Time for micro-RNAs in steatotic liver disease: a case-control study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1349524. [PMID: 38549763 PMCID: PMC10972903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1349524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges of modern-day living is to resist the temptation of overfeeding and sedentariness and maintain a healthy body and mind. On a favorable genetic and epigenetic background, a high-fat diet combined with lack of physical exercise constitutes the foundation for severe metabolic disturbances including steatotic liver disease. In our case-control study, we had the aim of establishing the role of selected micro-RNAs-miR-122, miR-192, miR-33a, and miR-33b-as superior biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of steatotic liver in a 36-patient cohort compared to 12 healthy controls. Initial results confirmed the decline in miR-122 expression as fatty liver is progressing. However, combinations of ΔmiRs, such as ΔmiR33a_192, ΔmiR33a_122, and ΔmiR33b_122, correlate with ultrasound steatosis grade (R 2 = 0.78) while others such as ΔmiR33b_122 provide a high specificity and sensitivity in fatty liver disease with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85. Compared to classical biomarkers, micro-RNAs can be used for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes as their diminished expression in severe cases of steatosis is associated with higher risk of emerging hepatocellular carcinoma. Manipulating micro-RNAs through agomirs or antagomirs can be the answer to the yet unsolved problem of efficient therapy in MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Constantin Stoica
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dimitri Apostol
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Mircea Diculescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy”, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Ion Mărunțelu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
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Parikh M, Hirst BC, O’Hara KA, Maddaford TG, Austria JA, Stamenkovic A, Yu L, Kura B, Garg B, Netticadan T, Proctor SD, Pierce GN. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Flaxseed on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:466. [PMID: 38398791 PMCID: PMC10892801 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a significant cause of chronic liver disease, presents a considerable public health concern. Despite this, there is currently no treatment available. This study aimed to investigate dietary flaxseed in the JCR:LA-corpulent rat strain model of NAFLD. Both obese male and female rats were studied along with their lean counterparts after 12 weeks of ingestion of a control diet, or control diet with flaxseed, or high fat, high sucrose (HFHS), or HFHS plus flaxseed. Obese rats showed higher liver weight and increased levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and saturated fatty acid, which were further elevated in rats on the HFHS diet. The HFHS diet induced a significant two-fold elevation in the plasma levels of both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the obese male and female rats. Including flaxseed in the HFHS diet significantly lowered liver weight, depressed the plasma levels of both enzymes in the obese male rats, and reduced hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content as well as improving the fatty acid profile. In summary, including flaxseed in the diet of male and female obese rats led to an improved lipid composition in the liver and significantly reduced biomarkers of tissue injury despite consuming a HFHS chow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Broderick C. Hirst
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Kimberley A. O’Hara
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Thane G. Maddaford
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - J. Alejandro Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bhavana Garg
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada;
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Andreozzi F, Mancuso E, Mazza E, Mannino GC, Fiorentino TV, Arturi F, Succurro E, Perticone M, Sciacqua A, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Sesti G. One-hour post-load glucose levels are associated with hepatic steatosis assessed by transient elastography. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:682-689. [PMID: 37953652 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between 1-hour plasma glucose (PG) concentration and markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) assessed by transient elastography (TE). METHODS We performed TE in 107 metabolically well-characterized non-diabetic White individuals. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was used to quantify liver steatosis, while liver stiffness marker (LS) was used to evaluate fibrosis. RESULTS Controlled attenuation parameter correlated significantly with 1-hour PG (r = 0.301, P < 0.01), fasting insulin (r = 0.285, P < 0.01), 2-hour insulin (r = 0.257, P < 0.02), homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (r = 0.252, P < 0.01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.252, P < 0.02), body mass index (BMI; r = 0.248, P < 0.02) and age (r = 0.212, P < 0.03), after correction for age, sex and BMI. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, 1-hour PG (β = 0.274, P = 0.008) and fasting insulin levels (β = 0.225, P = 0.029) were found to be independent predictors of CAP. After excluding subjects with prediabetes, 1-hour PG was the sole predictor of CAP variation (β = 0.442, P < 0.001). In a logistic regression model, we observed that the group with 1-hour PG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L (155 mg/dL) had a significantly higher risk of steatosis (odds ratio 3.98, 95% confidence interval 1.43-11.13; P = 0.008) than individuals with 1-hour PG < 8.6 mmol/L, after correction for potential confounders. No association was observed between 1-hour PG and LS. CONCLUSION Our data confirm that 1-hour PG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L is associated with higher signs of NAFLD, even among individuals with normal glucose tolerance, categorized as low risk by canonical diagnostic standards. TE is a safe low-impact approach that could be employed for stratifying the risk profile in these patients, with a high level of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Research Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Greaecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Brown MG, Feller LE, Trupkiewicz JG, Hutchinson EK, Izzi JM. Comparing different strategies to reduce hepatocellular damage in obese common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12683. [PMID: 37946549 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) can lead to various liver pathologies. In other species, reduced caloric intake and weight loss improve prognosis, and, often, hepatoprotectants are used to halt or reverse hepatocellular damage from fat deposition in the liver. There are no published therapies for reducing hepatocellular damage in obese marmosets. METHODS Fifteen obese marmosets were used to evaluate the ability of caloric restriction and pharmacologic therapy (S-adenosylmethionine + milk thistle extract, or SMT), alone and combined, to reduce elevated liver enzymes. Body weight and serum chemistries were measured every 4 weeks for 6 months. RESULTS Across treatment groups, there was a significant reduction in liver enzymes ALT and AST over time. SMT alone significantly reduced liver enzymes ALT and AST at 6 months from baseline. CONCLUSIONS Caloric restriction and SMT, alone and combined, are effective at reducing liver enzyme levels in obese marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Gwendolyn Brown
- Research Animal Resources, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laine Elizabeth Feller
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Gregory Trupkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Kenneth Hutchinson
- Research Animal Resources, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Marie Izzi
- Research Animal Resources, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Suresh D, Li A, Miller MJ, Wijarnpreecha K, Chen VL. Associations between metabolic hyperferritinaemia, fibrosis-promoting alleles and clinical outcomes in steatotic liver disease. Liver Int 2024; 44:389-398. [PMID: 37971775 PMCID: PMC10872664 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ferritin has been investigated as a biomarker for liver fibrosis and iron in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, whether metabolic hyperferritinaemia predicts progression of liver disease remains unknown. In this study, we sought to understand associations between hyperferritinaemia and (1) adverse clinical outcomes and (2) common genetic variants related to iron metabolism and liver fibrosis. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of adults with MASLD seen at the University of Michigan Health System, where MASLD was defined by hepatic steatosis on imaging, biopsy or vibration-controlled transient elastography, plus metabolic risk factors in the absence of chronic liver diseases other than hemochromatosis. The primary predictor was serum ferritin level, which was dichotomized based on a cut-off of 300 or 450 mcg/L for women or men. Primary outcomes included (1) incident cirrhosis, liver-related events, congestive heart failure (CHF), and mortality and (2) distribution of common genetic variants associated with hepatic fibrosis and hereditary hemochromatosis. RESULTS Of 7333 patients with MASLD, 1468 (20%) had elevated ferritin. In multivariate analysis, ferritinaemia was associated with increased mortality (HR 1.68 [1.35-2.09], p < .001) and incident liver-related events (HR 1.92 [1.11-3.32], p = .019). Furthermore, elevated ferritin was associated with carriage of cirrhosis-promoting alleles including PNPLA3-rs738409-G allele (p = .0068) and TM6SF2-rs58542926-T allele (p = 0.0083) but not with common HFE mutations. CONCLUSIONS In MASLD patients, metabolic hyperferritinaemia was associated with increased mortality and higher incidence of liver-related events, and cirrhosis-promoting alleles but not with iron overload-promoting HFE mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Suresh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashley Li
- School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew J Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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9
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Tokushige K. New concept in fatty liver diseases. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:125-130. [PMID: 38146790 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In 2023, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Nomenclature Consensus group proposed a new name and concept for NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology and the Japanese Society of Hepatology have accepted these new names and concepts. It was reported that the terms "nonalcoholic" and "fatty" are misleading and inappropriate, because NAFLD does not reflect the etiology. Thus, appropriate disease names are discussed, and new concepts are published. First, the concept of steatotic liver disease (SLD) was proposed to encompass fatty liver diseases of various etiologies, which are classified into five categories. The diagnostic criteria for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) included fatty liver with at least one of the five cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index or waist diameter, blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and the same restriction of alcohol consumption as NAFLD. A new fatty liver category was described, MetALD, to represent the intermediate drinker group (patients with MASLD with high weekly alcohol intake [140-350 g/week in women and 210-420 g/week in men]). The other five categories are alcohol-associated liver disease, fatty liver with an identifiable specific cause, and other fatty livers of unknown cause. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is an important pathological concept (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis); however, its definition, including hepatocellular balloon-like degeneration, needs to be reassessed. In Japan, we should use these names and criteria to manage SLD, including hepatocellular carcinoma, which is markedly increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Plaza-Diaz J, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Yu B, Sungthong R. Editorial: Molecular mechanisms underlying obesity and their links with other comorbidities. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1334024. [PMID: 38333632 PMCID: PMC10852048 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1334024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ana I. Álvarez-Mercado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, China
| | - Rungroch Sungthong
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Gensluckner S, Wernly B, Koutny F, Strebinger G, Zandanell S, Stechemesser L, Paulweber B, Iglseder B, Trinka E, Frey V, Langthaler P, Semmler G, Valenti L, Corradini E, Datz C, Aigner E. Prevalence and Characteristics of Metabolic Hyperferritinemia in a Population-Based Central-European Cohort. Biomedicines 2024; 12:207. [PMID: 38255312 PMCID: PMC10813305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperferritinemia (HF) is a common finding and can be considered as metabolic HF (MHF) in combination with metabolic diseases. The definition of MHF was heterogenous until a consensus statement was published recently. Our aim was to apply the definition of MHF to provide data on the prevalence and characteristics of MHF in a Central-European cohort. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of the Paracelsus 10,000 study, a population-based cohort study from the region of Salzburg, Austria. We included 8408 participants, aged 40-77. Participants with HF were divided into three categories according to their level of HF and evaluated for metabolic co-morbidities defined by the proposed criteria for MHF. RESULTS HF was present in 13% (n = 1111) with a clear male preponderance (n = 771, 69% of HF). Within the HF group, 81% (n = 901) of subjects fulfilled the metabolic criteria and were defined as MHF, of which 75% (n = 674) were characterized by a major criterion. In the remaining HF cohort, 52% (n = 227 of 437) of subjects were classified as MHF after application of the minor criteria. CONCLUSION HF is a common finding in the general middle-aged population and the majority of cases are classified as MHF. The new classification provides useful criteria for defining MHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gensluckner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.G.)
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Department of Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Paracelsusstraße 37, 5110 Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Florian Koutny
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dunant-Platz 1, Kremser Landstraße 40, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Georg Strebinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.G.)
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephan Zandanell
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.G.)
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lars Stechemesser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.G.)
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.G.)
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Affiliated Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vanessa Frey
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Affiliated Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick Langthaler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Affiliated Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Semmler
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Forza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Precision Medicine, Biological Resource Center Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Corradini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy;
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Paracelsusstraße 37, 5110 Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Elmar Aigner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.G.)
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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12
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Sasidharan K, Caddeo A, Jamialahmadi O, Noto FR, Tomasi M, Malvestiti F, Ciociola E, Tavaglione F, Mancina RM, Cherubini A, Bianco C, Mirarchi A, Männistö V, Pihlajamäki J, Kärjä V, Grimaudo S, Luukkonen PK, Qadri S, Yki-Järvinen H, Petta S, Manfrini S, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Bruni V, Valenti L, Romeo S. IL32 downregulation lowers triglycerides and type I collagen in di-lineage human primary liver organoids. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101352. [PMID: 38232700 PMCID: PMC10829727 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) prevails as the most common chronic liver disease yet lack approved treatments due to incomplete understanding of pathogenesis. Recently, elevated hepatic and circulating interleukin 32 (IL-32) levels were found in individuals with severe SLD. However, the mechanistic link between IL-32 and intracellular triglyceride metabolism remains to be elucidated. We demonstrate in vitro that incubation with IL-32β protein leads to an increase in intracellular triglyceride synthesis, while downregulation of IL32 by small interfering RNA leads to lower triglyceride synthesis and secretion in organoids from human primary hepatocytes. This reduction requires the upregulation of Phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A). Furthermore, downregulation of IL32 results in lower intracellular type I collagen levels in di-lineage human primary hepatic organoids. Finally, we identify a genetic variant of IL32 (rs76580947) associated with lower circulating IL-32 and protection against SLD measured by non-invasive tests. These data suggest that IL32 downregulation may be beneficial against SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Sasidharan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesca Rita Noto
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Melissa Tomasi
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Malvestiti
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Ciociola
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Federica Tavaglione
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Operative Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosellina M Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cherubini
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bianco
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Mirarchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kärjä
- Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Panu K Luukkonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sami Qadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci
- Operative Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bruni
- Operative Unit of Bariatric Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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13
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Zhao Y, Zhao H, Li L, Yu S, Liu M, Jiang L. Ceramide on the road to insulin resistance and immunometabolic disorders in transition dairy cows: driver or passenger? Front Immunol 2024; 14:1321597. [PMID: 38274826 PMCID: PMC10808295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows must undergo profound metabolic and endocrine adaptations during their transition period to meet the nutrient requirements of the developing fetus, parturition, and the onset of lactation. Insulin resistance in extrahepatic tissues is a critical component of homeorhetic adaptations in periparturient dairy cows. However, due to increased energy demands at calving that are not followed by a concomitant increase in dry matter intake, body stores are mobilized, and the risk of metabolic disorders dramatically increases. Sphingolipid ceramides involved in multiple vital biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Three typical pathways generate ceramide, and many factors contribute to its production as part of the cell's stress response. Based on lipidomic profiling, there has generally been an association between increased ceramide content and various disease outcomes in rodents. Emerging evidence shows that ceramides might play crucial roles in the adaptive metabolic alterations accompanying the initiation of lactation in dairy cows. A series of studies also revealed a negative association between circulating ceramides and systemic insulin sensitivity in dairy cows experiencing severe negative energy balance. Whether ceramide acts as a driver or passenger in the metabolic stress of periparturient dairy cows is an unknown but exciting topic. In the present review, we discuss the potential roles of ceramides in various metabolic dysfunctions and the impacts of their perturbations. We also discuss how this novel class of bioactive sphingolipids has drawn interest in extrahepatic tissue insulin resistance and immunometabolic disorders in transition dairy cows. We also discuss the possible use of ceramide as a new biomarker for predicting metabolic diseases in cows and highlight the remaining problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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14
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Singh C, Jin B, Shrestha N, Markhard AL, Panda A, Calvo SE, Deik A, Pan X, Zuckerman AL, Ben Saad A, Corey KE, Sjoquist J, Osganian S, AminiTabrizi R, Rhee EP, Shah H, Goldberger O, Mullen AC, Cracan V, Clish CB, Mootha VK, Goodman RP. ChREBP is activated by reductive stress and mediates GCKR-associated metabolic traits. Cell Metab 2024; 36:144-158.e7. [PMID: 38101397 PMCID: PMC10842884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Common genetic variants in glucokinase regulator (GCKR), which encodes GKRP, a regulator of hepatic glucokinase (GCK), influence multiple metabolic traits in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), making GCKR one of the most pleiotropic GWAS loci in the genome. It is unclear why. Prior work has demonstrated that GCKR influences the hepatic cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, also referred to as reductive stress. Here, we demonstrate that reductive stress is sufficient to activate the transcription factor ChREBP and necessary for its activation by the GKRP-GCK interaction, glucose, and ethanol. We show that hepatic reductive stress induces GCKR GWAS traits such as increased hepatic fat, circulating FGF21, and circulating acylglycerol species, which are also influenced by ChREBP. We define the transcriptional signature of hepatic reductive stress and show its upregulation in fatty liver disease and downregulation after bariatric surgery in humans. These findings highlight how a GCKR-reductive stress-ChREBP axis influences multiple human metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charandeep Singh
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Byungchang Jin
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew L Markhard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Apekshya Panda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E Calvo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xingxiu Pan
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Austin L Zuckerman
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Program in Mathematics and Science Education, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Program in Mathematics and Science Education, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120
| | - Amel Ben Saad
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia Sjoquist
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie Osganian
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Roya AminiTabrizi
- Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olga Goldberger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alan C Mullen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Valentin Cracan
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Russell P Goodman
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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15
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Servin F, Collins JA, Heiselman JS, Frederick-Dyer KC, Planz VB, Geevarghese SK, Brown DB, Jarnagin WR, Miga MI. Simulation of Image-Guided Microwave Ablation Therapy Using a Digital Twin Computational Model. IEEE Open J Eng Med Biol 2023; 5:107-124. [PMID: 38445239 PMCID: PMC10914207 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2023.3345733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging computational tools such as healthcare digital twin modeling are enabling the creation of patient-specific surgical planning, including microwave ablation to treat primary and secondary liver cancers. Healthcare digital twins (DTs) are anatomically one-to-one biophysical models constructed from structural, functional, and biomarker-based imaging data to simulate patient-specific therapies and guide clinical decision-making. In microwave ablation (MWA), tissue-specific factors including tissue perfusion, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis affect therapeutic extent, but current thermal dosing guidelines do not account for these parameters. This study establishes an MR imaging framework to construct three-dimensional biophysical digital twins to predict ablation delivery in livers with 5 levels of fat content in the presence of a tumor. Four microwave antenna placement strategies were considered, and simulated microwave ablations were then performed using 915 MHz and 2450 MHz antennae in Tumor Naïve DTs (control), and Tumor Informed DTs at five grades of steatosis. Across the range of fatty liver steatosis grades, fat content was found to significantly increase ablation volumes by approximately 29-l42% in the Tumor Naïve and 55-60% in the Tumor Informed DTs in 915 MHz and 2450 MHz antenna simulations. The presence of tumor did not significantly affect ablation volumes within the same steatosis grade in 915 MHz simulations, but did significantly increase ablation volumes within mild-, moderate-, and high-fat steatosis grades in 2450 MHz simulations. An analysis of signed distance to agreement for placement strategies suggests that accounting for patient-specific tumor tissue properties significantly impacts ablation forecasting for the preoperative evaluation of ablation zone coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankangel Servin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN37235USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN37235USA
| | - Jarrod A. Collins
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN37235USA
| | - Jon S. Heiselman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN37235USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN37235USA
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY10065USA
| | | | - Virginia B. Planz
- Department of RadiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37235USA
| | | | - Daniel B. Brown
- Department of RadiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37235USA
| | - William R. Jarnagin
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY10065USA
| | - Michael I. Miga
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN37235USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN37235USA
- Department of RadiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37235USA
- Department of Neurological SurgeryVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37235USA
- Department of OtolaryngologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37235USA
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16
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Yanko R, Levashov M, Chaka OG, Nosar V, Khasabov SG, Khasabova I. Tryptophan Prevents the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:4195-4204. [PMID: 38152280 PMCID: PMC10752026 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s444278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The main aim of this research is to study the protective effects of tryptophan on the histomorphological and biochemical abnormalities in the liver caused by a high-calorie diet (HCD), as well as its ability to normalize mitochondrial functions in order to prevent the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The study was conducted in male Wistar rats aged 3 months at the start of the experiment. Control animals (group I) were fed a standard diet. Group II experimental animals were fed a diet with an excess of fat (45%) and carbohydrates (31%) for 12 weeks. Group III experimental animals also received L-tryptophan at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight in addition to the HCD. The presence of NAFLD, functional activity, physiological regeneration, and the state of the liver parenchyma and connective tissue were assessed using physiological, morphological, histo-morphometric, biochemical, and biophysical research methods. Results HCD induced the development of NAFLD, which is characterized by an increase in liver weight, hypertrophy of hepatocytes and an increase in the concentration of lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides in liver tissue. Increased alanine aminotransferase activity in the liver of obese rats also confirm hepatocytes damage. Tryptophan added to the diet lowered the severity of NAFLD by reducing fat accumulation and violations of bioelectric properties, and prevented a decrease in mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Conclusion The addition of tryptophan can have a potential positive effect on the liver, reducing the severity of structural, biochemical, mitochondrial and bioelectric damage caused by HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Yanko
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Connective Tissue, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Mikhail Levashov
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Connective Tissue, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Olena Georgievna Chaka
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Connective Tissue, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Valentina Nosar
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Connective Tissue, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Sergey G Khasabov
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Iryna Khasabova
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Shin S, Sohn W, Chang Y, Cho Y, Kwon MJ, Wild SH, Byrne CD, Ryu S. Potential role of Fibrosis-4 score in hepatocellular carcinoma screening: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Hepatol Res 2023. [PMID: 38133526 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, with low survival rates worldwide. Fatty liver disease (FLD) significantly contributes to HCC. We studied the screening performance of different methods for identifying HCC in patients with FLD or with metabolic risk factors for FLD. METHODS Korean adults (n = 340 825) without a prior HCC diagnosis were categorized into four groups: normal (G1), ≥2 metabolic risk factors (G2), FLD (G3), and viral liver disease or liver cirrhosis (G4). The National Cancer Registry data were used to identify HCC cases within 12 months. We assessed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of individual or combined screening methods. RESULTS In 93 HCC cases, 71 were identified in G4, whereas 20 cases (21.5%) in G2 and G3 combined where ultrasound and Fibrosis-4 performed similarly to alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound. In G2, Fibrosis-4 and ultrasound had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.93 [0.87-0.99]), whereas in G3, the combined screening methods had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.98 [0.95-1.00]). The positive predictive value was lower in G2 and G3 than in G4, but was >5% when restricted to a high Fibrosis-4 score. CONCLUSIONS More than 21% of HCC cases were observed in patients with diagnosed FLD or at risk of FLD with metabolic risk factors. Nevertheless, screening for HCC in individuals without cirrhosis or viral hepatitis yielded very low results, despite the potential value of the Fibrosis-4 score in identifying individuals at high risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosun Cho
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Grzybowska D, Sobiech P, Tobolski D. Ultrasonographic image of fatty infiltration of the liver correlates with selected biochemical parameters and back fat thickness of periparturient Holstein-Friesian cows. Pol J Vet Sci 2023; 26:723-732. [PMID: 38088741 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.148292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
During the transition period, the cow's body activates adaptive mechanisms aimed at adjusting to the changing demand for energy and nutrients, which are necessary for the growing fetus and the subsequent start of milk production. This time is also associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases and reproductive disorders. Our study aimed to identify prepartum and postpartum biochemical markers and weight loss patterns that could differentiate cows that would exhibit ultrasonographic signs of liver fatty infiltration during the latter half of the transition period. The study was performed in a single herd of Holstein-Friesian cows and the animals were divided into two groups: CON (n=13) - cows without ultrasonographic signs of fatty liver, and FL (n=16) - cows with ultrasonographic signs of fatty liver. Backfat thickness and specific biochemical parameters were measured weekly from one week before parturition to 9 weeks postpartum. Our study highlights the importance of using a combination of monitoring methods to assess the metabolic status of transition dairy cattle. The results showed that ultrasound measurements of backfat thickness, blood NEFA levels, glucose concentration, and AST activity were all different (p<0.05) between the control and FL groups, indicating the usefulness of these parameters in monitoring the health status of transition cows. Additionally, the results suggest that high prepartum glucose levels (4.99 mmol/l) could serve as a potential marker for future FL, while the elevated NEFA levels (0.51 mmol/l) and decreased AST activity (80.56 u/l) in FL animals indicate their potential as indicators of lipid mobilization and liver structural damage, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grzybowska
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - P Sobiech
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - D Tobolski
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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19
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Chalifoux O, Faerman B, Mailloux RJ. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production by pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in oxidative eustress and oxidative distress. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105399. [PMID: 37898400 PMCID: PMC10692731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) are vital entry points for monosaccharides and amino acids into the Krebs cycle and thus integral for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Both complexes produce mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) and are deactivated by electrophiles. Here, we provide an update on the role of PDH and KGDH in mitochondrial redox balance and their function in facilitating metabolic reprogramming for the propagation of oxidative eustress signals in hepatocytes and how defects in these pathways can cause liver diseases. PDH and KGDH are known to account for ∼45% of the total mH2O2 formed by mitochondria and display rates of production several-fold higher than the canonical source complex I. This mH2O2 can also be formed by reverse electron transfer (RET) in vivo, which has been linked to metabolic dysfunctions that occur in pathogenesis. However, the controlled emission of mH2O2 from PDH and KGDH has been proposed to be fundamental for oxidative eustress signal propagation in several cellular contexts. Modification of PDH and KGDH with protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) and S-nitrosylation (PSNO) adducts serves as a feedback inhibitor for mH2O2 production in response to glutathione (GSH) pool oxidation. PSSG and PSNO adduct formation also reprogram the Krebs cycle to generate metabolites vital for interorganelle and intercellular signaling. Defects in the redox modification of PDH and KGDH cause the over generation of mH2O2, resulting in oxidative distress and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In aggregate, PDH and KGDH are essential platforms for emitting and receiving oxidative eustress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chalifoux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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20
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Murata N, Nishizawa T, Kim Y, Arioka H. Hepatic Encephalopathy Caused by Long-Term Amiodarone Use. Cureus 2023; 15:e50690. [PMID: 38229783 PMCID: PMC10791221 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This case describes a 72-year-old Japanese woman with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia who had received a total of 215 g of amiodarone over six years and presented with hepatic encephalopathy. The abdominal non-contrast computed tomography showed diffusely increased attenuation of the liver parenchyma. The liver biopsy revealed drug-induced steatohepatitis. No genetic variations in the urea cycle were found. She was ultimately diagnosed with drug-induced steatohepatitis and urea cycle abnormalities caused by long-term amiodarone use. Amiodarone may cause drug-induced steatohepatitis and urea cycle abnormalities, which could induce hyperammonemia. Although case reports of amiodarone-induced hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy have already been reported, we present a typical picture of an amiodarone-induced bright liver, including the mechanism of amiodarone-induced hyperammonemia, to provide an educational learning point for many readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Murata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Toshinori Nishizawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Yuntae Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Hiroko Arioka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
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21
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Kaur M, Murugesan S, Singh S, Uy KN, Kaur J, Mann N, Sekhon RK. The Influence of Coffee on Reducing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50118. [PMID: 38192918 PMCID: PMC10772480 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a liver disease characterized by hepatic fat accumulation associated with various severities of inflammation and scarring. As studies explore specialized treatments, emerging evidence suggests a potential protective effect of coffee consumption. Consumption of coffee or its components, such as caffeine and/or chlorogenic acid (CA), can reduce markers of liver injury and induce a myriad of other health benefits. However, there is limited research on patients with both MASLD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Current research suggests that patients with MASLD are at greater risk of developing T2D and future liver-related complications and vice versa. Given that both MASLD and T2D are global burdens, the present literature review analyzes current research to identify trends and determine if coffee can be a viable treatment for MASLD patients with T2D. Results indicate that coffee consumption may protect against MASLD in T2D patients who are overweight/obese through a declined rate of weight gain, inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) gene, and insignificant changes to the gut microbiome. More longitudinal research on human subjects is needed to establish a causal relationship between coffee consumption and MASLD alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jasjeet Kaur
- Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Navina Mann
- Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
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22
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Albeshry AM, Abdulrahman Alasmari M, Alshahrani JA, Alshahrani AM, Saad Almusma A, Alfaya MA, Alfaifi AJ, Alshahrani MA, Alharbi HKD, Ali Etwdi AS, Aldawsari E, Zakir Hiyat Moazam SM, Alshaiban M, Al-Harthi SN. Prevalence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Among Diabetic Mellitus Patients in Saudi Arabia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e51092. [PMID: 38283461 PMCID: PMC10810724 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning global health concern, closely associated with the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD in DM patients in Saudi Arabia, a country undergoing rapid socioeconomic changes. Our multifaceted search strategy identified four high-quality studies conducted between 2003 and 2022, covering hospital and community settings. The aggregate prevalence rate of NAFLD in DM patients was notably high, ranging from 47.8% to 72.8%. However, substantial heterogeneity (I² = 90.6%) was observed, indicating variability attributed to diverse study characteristics. The uniform application of ultrasound for diagnosis was noteworthy but raised concerns regarding sensitivity. This analysis underscores the urgency of public health measures for early detection and management of NAFLD in DM-prone populations in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed A Alfaya
- Family Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushit, SAU
| | - Ali J Alfaifi
- Family and Community Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Mastoor A Alshahrani
- Family Medicine, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) Khamis Mushait Sector, Ministry of Health, Khamis Mushit, SAU
| | | | - Ali S Ali Etwdi
- Laboratory, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushit, SAU
| | - Eyad Aldawsari
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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23
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Huang X, Zeng Y, Ma M, Xiang L, Liu Q, Xiao L, Feng R, Li W, Zhang X, Lin M, Hu Z, Zhao H, Du S, Ye W. Associations between body composition profile and hypertension in different fatty liver phenotypes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1247110. [PMID: 38089604 PMCID: PMC10714003 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1247110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is currently unclear whether and how the association between body composition and hypertension varies based on the presence and severity of fatty liver disease (FLD). Methods FLD was diagnosed using ultrasonography among 6,358 participants. The association between body composition and hypertension was analyzed separately in the whole population, as well as in subgroups of non-FLD, mild FLD, and moderate/severe FLD populations, respectively. The mediation effect of FLD in their association was explored. Results Fat-related anthropometric measurements and lipid metabolism indicators were positively associated with hypertension in both the whole population and the non-FLD subgroup. The strength of this association was slightly reduced in the mild FLD subgroup. Notably, only waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio showed significant associations with hypertension in the moderate/severe FLD subgroup. Furthermore, FLD accounted for 17.26% to 38.90% of the association between multiple body composition indicators and the risk of hypertension. Conclusions The association between body composition and hypertension becomes gradually weaker as FLD becomes more severe. FLD plays a significant mediating role in their association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Zeng
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Fuqing Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuqing, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangguang Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Fuqing Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuqing, China
| | - Qingdan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruimei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wanxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Fuqing Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuqing, China
| | - Moufeng Lin
- Department of Public Health, The Fifth Hospital of Fuqing City, Fuqing, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shanshan Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Chen K, Shen Z, Gu W, Lyu Z, Qi X, Mu Y, Ning Y. Prevalence of obesity and associated complications in China: A cross-sectional, real-world study in 15.8 million adults. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3390-3399. [PMID: 37589256 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated complications from a large, cross-sectional, nationwide database in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from 519 Meinian health check-up centres across 243 cities. Eligible participants were aged ≥18 years, with a routine check-up in 2019 (N = 21 771 683) and complete height, weight, sex and region data. The unadjusted prevalence rates of overweight/obesity were calculated by age, sex and region. In addition, the nationwide prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were standardized according to the 2010 China census by age group and sex. The prevalence of obesity-related complications by body mass index (BMI) groups was calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS There were 15 770 094 eligible participants (median age 40 years; mean BMI 24.1 kg/m2 ; 52.8% male). By Chinese BMI classification, 34.8% were overweight and 14.1% were obese. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in male than female participants (standardized: overweight 40.2% vs. 27.4%; obesity 17.6% vs. 9.6%, respectively). The prevalence of assessed complications was higher in participants with overweight/obesity versus those with normal BMI (P < 0.001 for trends). The most prevalent complications in participants with overweight/obesity were fatty liver disease, prediabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. The number of complications increased with higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obesity and related complications are highly prevalent in this population. These data may better inform management and prevention public health strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zewei Shen
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Novo Nordisk (China) Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Qi
- Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk (China) Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ning
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China
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25
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Liu L, Wang R, Gao J, Yan J, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Lin H, Rao S, Yao X, Wu W, Bian H, Wang X, Guo S, Gao X, Yan H. Insulin Glargine is More Suitable Than Exenatide in Preventing Muscle Loss in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients with NAFLD. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:583-588. [PMID: 37524110 PMCID: PMC10645484 DOI: 10.1055/a-2145-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the effects of insulin glargine and exenatide on the muscle mass of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We performed a post-hoc analysis of our previously study, a 24-week randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02303730). Seventy-six patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive insulin glargine or exenatide treatment. The changes in psoas muscle area (PMA) (mm2) were obtained with the cross-sectional Dixonfat magnetic resonance images at the fourth lumber vertebra. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, BMI, gender, and PMA in insulin glargine and exenatide groups at baseline. After treatment, PMA tended to increase by 13.13 (-215.52, 280.80) mm2 in the insulin glargine group and decrease by 149.09 (322.90-56.39) mm2 in the exenatide group (both p>0.05). Subgroup analysis showed a 560.64 (77.88, 1043.40) (mm2) increase of PMA in the insulin group relative to the Exenatide group in patients with BMI<28 kg/m2 (p0.031) after adjusting for gender, age, and research center. Interaction analysis showed an interaction between BMI and treatment (p0.009). However, no interaction was observed among subgroups with a BMI≥28 kg/m2 or with different genders and ages. CONCLUSION Compared to exenatide, insulin glargine can relativity increase PMA in patients with T2DM having BMI<28 kg/m2 and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai,
China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan
University
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University
| | - Zhitian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huandong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Shengxiang Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuzhong Yao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyun Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University
| | - Shanshan Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai,
China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wusong Branch of Zhongshan
Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Shami GJ, Samarska IV, Koek GH, Li A, Palma E, Chokshi S, Wisse E, Braet F. Giant mitochondria in human liver disease. Liver Int 2023; 43:2365-2378. [PMID: 37615254 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This thematic review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about the occurrence of giant mitochondria or megamitochondria in liver parenchymal cells. Their presence and accumulation are considered to be a major pathological hallmark of the health and fate of liver parenchymal cells that leads to overall tissue deterioration and eventually results in organ failure. The first description on giant mitochondria dates back to the 1960s, coinciding with the availability of the first generation of electron microscopes in clinical diagnostic laboratories. Detailed accounts on their ultrastructure have mostly been described in patients suffering from alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, from this extensive literature survey, it became apparent that giant mitochondria or megamitochondria present themselves with or without highly organised crystal-like intramitochondrial inclusions. The origin, formation and potential role of giant mitochondria remain to-date largely unanswered. Likewise, the biochemical composition of the well-organised crystal-like inclusions and their possible impact on mitochondrial function is unclear. Herein, concepts about the possible mechanism of their formation and three-dimensional architecture will be approached. We will furthermore discuss their importance in diagnostics, including future research outlooks and potential therapeutic interventions to cure liver disease where giant mitochondria are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Shami
- School of Medical Sciences (Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iryna V Samarska
- Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ger H Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Li
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena Palma
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eddie Wisse
- Division of Nanoscopy, Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Braet
- School of Medical Sciences (Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Wang Q, Yu G, Qiu J, Lu W. Application of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion in Clinical Liver Imaging: A Literature Review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 37908165 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) modeling is a widely used double-exponential model for describing diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signal, with a slow component related to pure molecular diffusion and a fast component associated with microcirculatory perfusion, which compensates for the limitations of traditional DWI. IVIM is a noninvasive technique for obtaining liver pathological information and characterizing liver lesions, and has potential applications in the initial diagnosis and treatment monitoring of liver diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that IVIM-derived parameters are useful for evaluating liver lesions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis and liver tumors. However, the results are not stable. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the current applications of IVIM in liver disease research, identify existing shortcomings, and point out the future development direction. In this review, we searched for studies related to hepatic IVIM-DWI applications over the past two decades in the PubMed database. We first introduce the fundamental principles and influential factors of IVIM, and then discuss its application in NAFLD, liver fibrosis, and focal hepatic lesions. It has been found that IVIM is still unstable in ensuring the robustness and reproducibility of measurements in the assessment of liver fibrosis grade and liver tumors differentiation, due to inconsistent and substantial overlap in the range of IVIM-derived parameters for different fibrotic stages. In the end, the future direction of IVIM-DWI in the assessment of liver diseases is discussed, emphasizing the need for further research on the stability of IVIM-derived parameters, particularly perfusion-related parameters, in order to promote the clinical practice of IVIM-DWI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Weizhao Lu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
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Arif-Tiwari H, Porter KK, Kamel IR, Bashir MR, Fung A, Kaplan DE, McGuire BM, Russo GK, Smith EN, Solnes LB, Thakrar KH, Vij A, Wahab SA, Wardrop RM, Zaheer A, Carucci LR. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Abnormal Liver Function Tests. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:S302-S314. [PMID: 38040457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver function tests are commonly obtained in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Various overlapping lab patterns can be seen due to derangement of hepatocytes and bile ducts function. Imaging tests are pursued to identify underlying etiology and guide management based on the lab results. Liver function tests may reveal mild, moderate, or severe hepatocellular predominance and can be seen in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease, acute hepatitis, and acute liver injury due to other causes. Cholestatic pattern with elevated alkaline phosphatase with or without elevated γ-glutamyl transpeptidase can be seen with various causes of obstructive biliopathy. Acute or subacute cholestasis with conjugated or unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia can be seen due to prehepatic, intrahepatic, or posthepatic causes. We discuss the initial and complementary imaging modalities to be used in clinical scenarios presenting with abnormal liver function tests. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Arif-Tiwari
- University of Arizona, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona.
| | | | - Ihab R Kamel
- Panel Chair, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Alice Fung
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David E Kaplan
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
| | - Brendan M McGuire
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, Primary care physician
| | | | - Elainea N Smith
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lilja Bjork Solnes
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Commission on Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | | | - Abhinav Vij
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Shaun A Wahab
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Richard M Wardrop
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; American College of Physicians, Hospital Medicine
| | | | - Laura R Carucci
- Specialty Chair, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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29
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Srinivas AN, Suresh D, Kaur S, Kumar DP. The promise of small particles: extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in liver pathology. J Physiol 2023; 601:4953-4971. [PMID: 35708653 DOI: 10.1113/jp283074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscopic packages that are heterogeneous and bona fide players in hepatic physiology and pathology as they are involved in intercellular communication. EVs carrying bioactive cargoes rich in lipids, proteins or nucleic acids are implicated in the onset and progression of liver diseases. Liver pathology using liver biopsy has been assessed for several intricate conditions such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic malignancies and drug-induced liver injury. The lacunae, however, lie in early diagnosis and timely treatment of the above conditions, underscoring the need for non-invasive, accurate diagnostic tools that could replace the gold standard method of tissue biopsy. In this regard, EVs have emerged as promising candidates that could serve as potential biomarkers. In the last two decades, EVs, owing to their multifaceted charm in bringing out cell-free therapeutic responses and the ability of their cargoes to be applied to novel biomarkers, have drawn the great attention of researchers with the advancement and clinical application of liquid biopsy. In this review, we recapitulate the role of EVs and provide insights into the promising role of these small packages as biomarkers in liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha N Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Diwakar Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, India
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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30
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Meza-Torres B, Forbes A, Elson W, Kar D, Jamie G, Hinton W, Fan X, Byford R, Feher M, Whyte M, Joy M, de Lusignan S. Hepatitis A Vaccination Coverage Among People With Chronic Liver Disease in England (HEALD): Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e51861. [PMID: 37874614 PMCID: PMC10630863 DOI: 10.2196/51861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis A outbreaks in the United Kingdom are uncommon. Most people develop mild to moderate symptoms that resolve, without sequelae, within months. However, in high-risk groups, including those with underlying chronic liver disease (CLD), hepatitis A infection can be severe, with a higher risk of mortality and morbidity. The Health Security Agency and the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence recommend preexposure hepatitis A vaccination given in 2 doses to people with CLD, regardless of its cause. There are currently no published reports of vaccination coverage for people with CLD in England or internationally. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe hepatitis A vaccination coverage in adults with CLD in a UK primary care setting and compare liver disease etiology, sociodemographic characteristics, and comorbidities in people who are and are not exposed to the hepatitis A vaccine. METHODS We will conduct a retrospective cohort study with data from the Primary Care Sentinel Cohort of the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Informatics Digital Hub database, which is nationally representative of the English population. We will include people aged 18 years and older who have been registered in general practices in the Research and Surveillance Centre network and have a record of CLD between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022, including those with alcohol-related liver disease, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, nonalcohol fatty liver disease, Wilson disease, hemochromatosis, and autoimmune hepatitis. We will carefully curate variables using the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms. We will report the sociodemographic characteristics of those who are vaccinated. These include age, gender, ethnicity, population density, region, socioeconomic status (measured using the index of multiple deprivation), obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Hepatitis A vaccination coverage for 1 and 2 doses will be calculated using an estimate of the CLD population as the denominator. We will analyze the baseline characteristics using descriptive statistics, including measures of dispersion. Pairwise comparisons of case-mix characteristics, comorbidities, and complications will be reported according to vaccination status. A multistate survival model will be fitted to estimate the transition probabilities among four states: (1) diagnosed with CLD, (2) first dose of hepatitis A vaccination, (3) second dose of hepatitis A vaccination, and (4) death. This will identify any potential disparities in how people with CLD get vaccinated. RESULTS The Research and Surveillance Centre population comprises over 8 million people. The reported incidence of CLD is 20.7 cases per 100,000. International estimates of hepatitis A vaccine coverage vary between 10% and 50% in this group. CONCLUSIONS This study will describe the uptake of the hepatitis A vaccine in people with CLD and report any disparities or differences in the characteristics of the vaccinated population. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/51861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Meza-Torres
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Forbes
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William Elson
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Debasish Kar
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Jamie
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William Hinton
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xuejuan Fan
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Byford
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Feher
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Whyte
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Joy
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Clinical Informatics and Health Outcomes Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Royal College of General Practitioners, Research and Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Franceschi R, Fintini D, Ravà L, Mariani M, Aureli A, Inzaghi E, Pedicelli S, Deodati A, Bizzarri C, Cappa M, Cianfarani S, Manco M. Insulin Clearance at the Pubertal Transition in Youth with Obesity and Steatosis Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14963. [PMID: 37834412 PMCID: PMC10573227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
No data are available on insulin clearance (ClI) trends during the pubertal transition. The aim of this study was to investigate in 973 youths with obesity whether ClI in fasting and post-oral glucose challenge (OGTT) conditions varies at the pubertal transition in relation to the severity of obesity and the presence of steatosis liver disease (SLD). The severity of obesity was graded according to the Centers for Disease Control. SLD was graded as absent, mild and severe based on alanine amino transferase levels. ClI was defined as the molar ratio of fasting C-peptide to insulin and of the areas under the insulin to glucose curves during an OGTT. In total, 35% of participants were prepubertal, 72.6% had obesity class II, and 52.6% had mild SLD. Fasting ClI (nmol/pmol × 10-2) was significantly lower in pubertal [0.11 (0.08-0.14)] than in prepubertal individuals [0.12 (0.09-0.16)] and higher in class III [0.15 (0.11-0.16)] than in class I obesity [0.11 (0.09-0.14)]. OGTT ClI was higher in boys [0.08 (0.06-0.10)] than in girls [0.07 (0.06-0.09)]; in prepubertal [0.08 (0.06-0.11)] than in pubertal individuals [0.07 (0.05-0.09)]; in class III [0.14 (0.08-0.17)] than in class I obesity [0.07 (0.05-0.10)]; and in severe SLD [0.09 (0.04-0.14)] than in no steatosis [0.06 (0.04-0.17)]. It was lower in participants with prediabetes [0.06 (0.04-0.07)]. OGTT ClI was lower in youths with obesity at puberty along with insulin sensitivity and greater secretion. The findings suggest that the initial increase in ClI in youth with severe obesity and SLD is likely to compensate for hyperinsulinemia and its subsequent decrease at the onset of prediabetes and other metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Franceschi
- Pediatric Department, S. Chiara Hospital of Trento, APSS, 38121 Trento, Italy;
| | - Danilo Fintini
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (E.I.); (S.P.); (A.D.); (C.B.); or (S.C.)
| | - Lucilla Ravà
- Clinical Epidemiology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Mariani
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (E.I.); (S.P.); (A.D.); (C.B.); or (S.C.)
| | - Alessia Aureli
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (E.I.); (S.P.); (A.D.); (C.B.); or (S.C.)
| | - Elena Inzaghi
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (E.I.); (S.P.); (A.D.); (C.B.); or (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Pedicelli
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (E.I.); (S.P.); (A.D.); (C.B.); or (S.C.)
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (E.I.); (S.P.); (A.D.); (C.B.); or (S.C.)
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (E.I.); (S.P.); (A.D.); (C.B.); or (S.C.)
| | - Marco Cappa
- Research Unit, Innovative Therapies for Endocrinopathies, Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (E.I.); (S.P.); (A.D.); (C.B.); or (S.C.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Unit of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
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P V Alves V, T Trout A, Dewit M, Mouzaki M, Arce-Clachar AC, S Bramlage K, R Dillman J, A Xanthakos S. Clinical Performance of Transient Elastography With Comparison to Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound, and Biopsy in Children and Adolescents With Known or Suspected Fatty Liver Disease. Child Obes 2023; 19:461-469. [PMID: 36269577 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Performance of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is inadequately validated in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to assess the technical performance of VCTE in pediatric NAFLD and define the agreement between VCTE and reference standards of imaging and/or biopsy. Methods: This prospective study recruited participants with known or suspected NAFLD who underwent a research VCTE examination (FibroScan Mini 430). Ten valid VCTE liver stiffness measurements (kPa) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) (dB/m) measurements were obtained for each participant. Available clinically acquired MR elastography and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (PDFF), liver ultrasound shear wave elastography, and biopsy served as references standards. Results: Eighty-four consecutive participants were included (55 males, mean age 15.0 ± 3.5 years, mean BMI 36.6 ± 9.4 kg/m2). VCTE examinations were complete in 80/83 participants. 37/83 participants were examined with an XL probe. There was no significant correlation between CAP and PDFF [n = 16; r = 0.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.34 to 0.61), p = 0.5] or between VCTE liver stiffness and MR elastography stiffness [n = 27; r = 0.31 (95% CI: -0.07 to 0.62), p = 0.10]. For prediction of any fibrosis stage ≥1 on biopsy (n = 9/15 participants), VCTE median liver stiffness >5.1 kPA had an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.26-0.78) with a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 16.6% (p > 0.99). Conclusions: Complete VCTE examinations could be obtained in most pediatric patients with NAFLD. Neither VCTE liver stiffness nor CAP correlated well with measures of liver fat or stiffness by established imaging modalities and biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius P V Alves
- Department of Radiology and Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew T Trout
- Department of Radiology and Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Morgan Dewit
- Department of Radiology and Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marialena Mouzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ana Catalina Arce-Clachar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kristin S Bramlage
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dillman
- Department of Radiology and Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stavra A Xanthakos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Martinez-Urbistondo D, Huerta A, Navarro-González D, Sánchez-Iñigo L, Fernandez-Montero A, Landecho MF, Martinez JA, Pastrana-Delgado JC. Estimation of fatty liver disease clinical role on glucose metabolic remodelling phenotypes and T2DM onset. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14036. [PMID: 37303077 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS), prediabetes (PreDM) and Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) share pathophysiological pathways concerning type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset. The non-invasive assessment of fatty liver combined with PreDM and MetS features screening might provide further accuracy in predicting hyperglycemic status in the clinical setting with the putative description of singular phenotypes. The objective of the study is to evaluate and describe the links of a widely available FLD surrogate -the non-invasive serological biomarker Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI)- with previously described T2DM risk predictors, such as preDM and MetS in forecasting T2DM onset. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective ancillary cohort study was performed on 2799 patients recruited in the Vascular-Metabolic CUN cohort. The main outcome was the incidence of T2DM according to ADA criteria. MetS and PreDM were defined according to ATP III and ADA criteria, respectively. Hepatic steatosis index (HSI) with standardized thresholds was used to discriminate patients with FLD, which was referred as estimated FLD (eFLD). RESULTS MetS and PreDM were more common in patients with eFLD as compared to those with an HSI < 36 points (35% vs 8% and 34% vs. 18%, respectively). Interestingly, eFLD showed clinical effect modification with MetS and PreDM in the prediction of T2DM [eFLD-MetS interaction HR = 4.48 (3.37-5.97) and eFLD-PreDM interaction HR = 6.34 (4.67-8.62)]. These findings supported the description of 5 different liver status-linked phenotypes with increasing risk of T2DM: Control group (1,5% of T2DM incidence), eFLD patients (4,4% of T2DM incidence), eFLD and MetS patients (10,6% of T2DM incidence), PreDM patients (11,1% of T2DM incidence) and eFLD and PreDM patients (28,2% of T2DM incidence). These phenotypes provided independent capacity of prediction of T2DM incidence after adjustment for age, sex, tobacco and alcohol consumption, obesity and number of SMet features with a c-Harrell=0.84. CONCLUSION Estimated Fatty Liver Disease using HSI criteria (eFLD) interplay with MetS features and PreDM might help to discriminate patient risk of T2DM in the clinical setting through the description of independent metabolic risk phenotypes. [Correction added on 15 June 2023, after first online publication: The abstract section was updated in this current version.].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Huerta
- Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Fernandez-Montero
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuel F Landecho
- Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Maeso-Díaz R, Du K, Pan C, Guy CD, Oh SH, Chen T, Wang L, Ko DC, Tang L, Dutta RK, Jun JH, Suzuki A, Abdelmalek MF, Wang XF, Diehl AM. Targeting senescent hepatocytes using the thrombomodulin-PAR1 inhibitor vorapaxar ameliorates NAFLD progression. Hepatology 2023; 78:1209-1222. [PMID: 37036206 PMCID: PMC10524311 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Senescent hepatocytes accumulate in parallel with fibrosis progression during NASH. The mechanisms that enable progressive expansion of nonreplicating cell populations and the significance of that process in determining NASH outcomes are unclear. Senescing cells upregulate thrombomodulin-protease-activated receptor-1 (THBD-PAR1) signaling to remain viable. Vorapaxar blocks the activity of that pathway. We used vorapaxar to determine if and how THBD-PAR1 signaling promotes fibrosis progression in NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS We evaluated the THBD-PAR1 pathway in liver biopsies from patients with NAFLD. Chow-fed mice were treated with viral vectors to overexpress p16 in hepatocytes and induce replicative senescence. Effects on the THBD-PAR1 axis and regenerative capacity were assessed; the transcriptome of p16-overexpressing hepatocytes was characterized, and we examined how conditioned medium from senescent but viable (dubbed "undead") hepatocytes reprograms HSCs. Mouse models of NASH caused by genetic obesity or Western diet/CCl 4 were treated with vorapaxar to determine effects on hepatocyte senescence and liver damage. Inducing senescence upregulates the THBD-PAR1 signaling axis in hepatocytes and induces their expression of fibrogenic factors, including hedgehog ligands. Hepatocyte THBD-PAR1 signaling increases in NAFLD and supports sustained hepatocyte senescence that limits effective liver regeneration and promotes maladaptive repair. Inhibiting PAR1 signaling with vorapaxar interrupts this process, reduces the burden of 'undead' senescent cells, and safely improves NASH and fibrosis despite ongoing lipotoxic stress. CONCLUSION The THBD-PAR1 signaling axis is a novel therapeutic target for NASH because blocking this pathway prevents accumulation of senescing but viable hepatocytes that generate factors that promote maladaptive liver repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Maeso-Díaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kuo Du
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cynthia D. Guy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Seh Hoon Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Linda Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Dutta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ji Hye Jun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Manal F. Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Darbhanga J, Krulikowski K, Riskin SI. Emerging Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e47821. [PMID: 38021846 PMCID: PMC10676744 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has pushed fatty liver disease, which consists of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, to the forefront of the 21st century. Disease identification can be done invasively with a liver biopsy or noninvasively through elastography and measurements of biomarkers, such as the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) liver enzymes. Presently, there are no FDA-approved drugs on the market to treat the disease. Alternative medicinal treatments have been investigated, which include altering the intestinal microbiota and consuming anti-inflammatory, herbal-based, vitamin-based, and plant-based medications, in addition to following a healthy lifestyle. In this study, multiple databases were used to identify articles pertaining to fatty liver disease (FLD). Databases included Biomedical Reference Collection: Comprehensive, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Google Scholar, and PubMed. All articles gathered from the databases were peer-reviewed and less than 10 years old to ensure the credibility of the work and recent information regarding the disease. A total of 13 articles were used to gather information for this review. All articles were confirmed to be peer-reviewed by checking them with Ulrich's web. In all 13 peer-reviewed articles, the diagnosis of FLD was most commonly done by analyzing ALT and AST liver enzymes and lipid profiles. Liver ultrasound, liver FibroScan, and liver biopsy served as other tools used for detecting the presence of FLD. It was observed that anti-inflammatory, herbal-based, vitamin-based, and plant-based medications and healthy gut microbiota had beneficial and therapeutic effects in treating FLD when coupled with healthy lifestyle changes. All medicinal treatments were found to lower the ALT and AST liver enzymes, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein), and liver steatosis scores in studies where ultrasound was used before and after treatment. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of treating FLD; however, the medicinal treatments discussed in this review show promising prospects for treating the disease. The therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory, herbal-based, vitamin-based, and plant-based medications and living a healthy lifestyle were seen in lower levels of liver enzymes, improved lipid profiles, and lower steatosis scores, with no reported side effects on subjects. The treatment options studied may have beneficial impacts in treating FLD patients and may be used in the development of future medications to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Darbhanga
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, USA
| | - Kiarra Krulikowski
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, USA
| | - Suzanne I Riskin
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, USA
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Torgersen J, Akers S, Huo Y, Terry JG, Carr JJ, Ruutiainen AT, Skanderson M, Levin W, Lim JK, Taddei TH, So-Armah K, Bhattacharya D, Rentsch CT, Shen L, Carr R, Shinohara RT, McClain M, Freiberg M, Justice AC, Re VL. Performance of an automated deep learning algorithm to identify hepatic steatosis within noncontrast computed tomography scans among people with and without HIV. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2023; 32:1121-1130. [PMID: 37276449 PMCID: PMC10527049 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver disease) affects 25% of the world's population, particularly people with HIV (PWH). Pharmacoepidemiologic studies to identify medications associated with steatosis have not been conducted because methods to evaluate liver fat within digitized images have not been developed. We determined the accuracy of a deep learning algorithm (automatic liver attenuation region-of-interest-based measurement [ALARM]) to identify steatosis within clinically obtained noncontrast abdominal CT images compared to manual radiologist review and evaluated its performance by HIV status. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the performance of ALARM within noncontrast abdominal CT images from a sample of patients with and without HIV in the US Veterans Health Administration. We evaluated the ability of ALARM to identify moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis, defined by mean absolute liver attenuation <40 Hounsfield units (HU), compared to manual radiologist assessment. RESULTS Among 120 patients (51 PWH) who underwent noncontrast abdominal CT, moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis was identified in 15 (12.5%) persons via ALARM and 12 (10%) by radiologist assessment. Percent agreement between ALARM and radiologist assessment of absolute liver attenuation <40 HU was 95.8%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ALARM were 91.7% (95%CI, 51.5%-99.8%), 96.3% (95%CI, 90.8%-99.0%), 73.3% (95%CI, 44.9%-92.2%), and 99.0% (95%CI, 94.8%-100%), respectively. No differences in performance were observed by HIV status. CONCLUSIONS ALARM demonstrated excellent accuracy for moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis regardless of HIV status. Application of ALARM to radiographic repositories could facilitate real-world studies to evaluate medications associated with steatosis and assess differences by HIV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Torgersen
- Department of Medicine, Penn Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Real World Effectiveness and Safety of Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Akers
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuankai Huo
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James G. Terry
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Melissa Skanderson
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Woody Levin
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph K. Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamar H. Taddei
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaku So-Armah
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debika Bhattacharya
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher T. Rentsch
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Real World Effectiveness and Safety of Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rotonya Carr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Real World Effectiveness and Safety of Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analysis (CBICA), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | | | - Matthew Freiberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy C. Justice
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vincent Lo Re
- Department of Medicine, Penn Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Real World Effectiveness and Safety of Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Adali G, Bilgic NM, Kalaman AE, Ozturk O, Ozdil K. Prevalence and predictors of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in liver transplant recipients: A cross-sectional prospective study. Hepatol Forum 2023; 4:129-134. [PMID: 37822311 PMCID: PMC10564255 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2023.2023.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as a significant global health concern. However, the prevalence and predictors of MAFLD in post-liver transplantation (LT) patients remain uncertain. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of MAFLD in LT recipients and to assess the effectiveness of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values in diagnosing post-transplant MAFLD. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted involving 128 adult patients who had undergone LT, and had received liver imaging, and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). MAFLD was diagnosed on the basis of the presence of liver steatosis detected through imaging and specific metabolic risk abnormalities. Results The prevalence of MAFLD after LT was 34.4%, with 22.1% categorized as de novo MAFLD, and 12.3% as recurrent MAFLD. Posttransplant diabetes (OR: 4.88; 95% CI 1.30-18.34; p=0.019) and higher CAP values (OR: 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.06; p=0000) were identified as independent predictors of post-LT MAFLD. A CAP cutoff value of 270 dB/m exhibited an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.84 in detecting MAFLD. Conclusion These findings underscore the notable prevalence of MAFLD in liver transplant recipients and suggest the potential utility of VCTE as a non-invasive tool for its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gupse Adali
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Nermin Mutlu Bilgic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Emre Kalaman
- Deparment of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Oguzhan Ozturk
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Kamil Ozdil
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Noriega L, Yang CY, Wang CH. Brown Fat and Nutrition: Implications for Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4072. [PMID: 37764855 PMCID: PMC10536824 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are renowned for their unique ability to generate heat through a mechanism known as thermogenesis. This process can be induced by exposure to cold, hormonal signals, drugs, and dietary factors. The activation of these thermogenic adipocytes holds promise for improving glucose metabolism, reducing fat accumulation, and enhancing insulin sensitivity. However, the translation of preclinical findings into effective clinical therapies poses challenges, warranting further research to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Consequently, research has focused on the development of drugs, such as mirabegron, ephedrine, and thyroid hormone, that mimic the effects of cold exposure to activate brown fat activity. Additionally, nutritional interventions have been explored as an alternative approach to minimize potential side effects. Brown fat and beige fat have emerged as promising targets for addressing nutritional imbalances, with the potential to develop strategies for mitigating the impact of metabolic diseases. Understanding the influence of nutritional factors on brown fat activity can facilitate the development of strategies to promote its activation and mitigate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Noriega
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
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Lin FA, Hwang LC, Tsou MT, Huang WH. Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Factors in Elderly with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2835-2842. [PMID: 37732014 PMCID: PMC10508243 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s425651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its predictors in older patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed repeated health surveillance data collected between 2009 and 2018 at Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. MetS was defined based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (Taiwan revision). Participants were diagnosed with fatty liver disease using abdominal ultrasonography. The exclusion criteria included age <65 years, having viral hepatitis, frequent alcohol consumption, and pre-existing MetS. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for sex and age. Results We enrolled 758 older participants; 457 (60.3%) with preexisting metabolic syndrome were excluded. We studied the remaining 301 participants (39.7%), with a mean age of 71.3 ± 5.4 years. The cumulative incidence of MetS was 43.5% after a mean follow-up period of 4.2 years; moreover, it was higher in women as well as in participants with diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. After adjusting for age and sex, we identified the following risk factors for MetS: baseline high fasting plasma glucose levels (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.95), baseline hypertriglyceridemia (aOR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.15-4.47), and baseline large waist circumference (aOR =1.71; 95% CI 1.01-2.89). Furthermore, increased waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose levels at follow-up were significant risk factors. Conclusion There is a high incidence of MetS among older individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; further, women and individuals with diabetes or hypertriglyceridemia are at risk of developing MetS. Moreover, waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose levels were positively associated with the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-An Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ching Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Tsou
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Kang YM, Kim KY, Kim TI, Kim YJ, Kim HH, Kim K. Cheong-sang-bang-pung-san alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1223534. [PMID: 37745047 PMCID: PMC10511874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1223534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The occurrence of fatty liver disease, resulting from the accumulation of excessive fat within the liver, has been showing a significant and rapid increase. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Cheong-sang-bang-pung-san extract (CB) on fatty liver disease, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We used a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed fatty liver mice and free fatty acid (FFA) induced HepG2 cell lipid accumulation model. The levels of serum, hepatic, and intracellular lipid content were assessed. Histopathological staining was used to evaluate the extent of hepatic lipid accumulation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were conducted to examine the expression of factors associated with lipid metabolism. Results: We demonstrated that treatment with CB dramatically reduced body weight, liver weight, and fat mass, and improved the serum and hepatic lipid profiles in HFD-induced fatty liver mice. Additionally, CB alleviated lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice by controlling lipid metabolism, including fatty acid uptake, triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation, at the mRNA as well as protein levels. In free fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells, CB significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by regulating lipid metabolism via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Conclusion: These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying CB's effects on liver steatosis and position of CB as a potential therapeutic candidate for managing lipid metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Mi Kang
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Hae Kim
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Giannouli A, Stefanaki C, Kouskoutis C, Konidari M, Mani I, Konidari K, Markantonis SL, Mantzou A, Dourakis SP, Deligeoroglou E, Bacopoulou F. Hepatokine Profile in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5744. [PMID: 37685811 PMCID: PMC10489115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current guidelines suggest routine screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hepatokines seem to be promising surrogate endpoints for the diagnosis and severity of NAFLD. PCOS has its onset in adolescence and its metabolic sequalae begin during the same period. There are scarce data on the hepatokine profile of adolescent PCOS patients. This case-control study examined the serum profile of the hepatokines sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), selenoprotein P, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and fetuin A in a sample of adolescent PCOS patients, and their association to metabolic and hormonal parameters. The selenoprotein P and SHBG serum concentrations were significantly decreased in PCOS patients vs. the controls (median (IQR), 2.47 (0.40) vs. 2.66 (0.36) μg/mL, p = 0.025; mean ± SD, 41.71 ± 19.41 vs. 54.94 ± 22.12 nmol/L, p = 0.011, respectively), whereas selenoprotein P was significantly and positively associated with testosterone (r = 0.325, p = 0.007) and the free androgen index (r = 0.361, p = 0.002). The SHBG demonstrated multiple significant negative correlations with adverse metabolic parameters. Among the PCOS patients, the FGF21 concentrations were significantly higher in those with NAFLD, whereas a 1 pg/mL increase in the FGF21 concentration increased the odds of NAFLD diagnosis by liver ultrasound by 1%, suggesting FGF21 as a potential biomarker for hepatic disease in females with PCOS in adolescence. Fetuin A was the least differentiated hepatokine between the PCOS patients and controls with the least associations with metabolic and hormonal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Giannouli
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.); (C.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Charikleia Stefanaki
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.); (C.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Christos Kouskoutis
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Marianna Konidari
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Iliana Mani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokratio Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.M.); (S.P.D.)
| | - Konstantina Konidari
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.); (C.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Sophia L. Markantonis
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Spyridon P. Dourakis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokratio Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.M.); (S.P.D.)
| | - Efthymios Deligeoroglou
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, Mitera Children’s Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.); (C.S.); (K.K.)
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Chokeshaiusaha K, Sananmuang T, Puthier D, Nguyen C. Cross-species analysis of differential transcript usage in humans and chickens with fatty liver disease. Vet World 2023; 16:1964-1973. [PMID: 37859957 PMCID: PMC10583885 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1964-1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Fatty liver disease is a common condition, characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver. It can contribute to more severe liver-related health issues, making it a critical concern in avian and human medicine. Apart from modifying the gene expression of liver cells, the disease also alters the expression of specific transcript isoforms, which might serve as new biological markers for both species. This study aimed to identify cross-species genes displaying differential expressions in their transcript isoforms in humans and chickens with fatty liver disease. Materials and Methods We performed differential gene expression and differential transcript usage (DTU) analyses on messenger RNA datasets from the livers of both chickens and humans with fatty liver disease. Using appropriate cross-species gene identification methods, we reviewed the acquired candidate genes and their transcript isoforms to determine their potential role in fatty liver disease's pathogenesis. Results We identified seven genes - ALG5, BRD7, DIABLO, RSU1, SFXN5, STIMATE, TJP3, and VDAC2 - and their corresponding transcript isoforms as potential candidates (false discovery rate ≤0.05). Our findings showed that these genes most likely contribute to fatty disease development and progression. Conclusion This study successfully identified novel human-chicken DTU genes in fatty liver disease. Further research is encouraged to verify the functions and regulations of these transcript isoforms as potential diagnostic markers for fatty liver disease in humans and chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj Chokeshaiusaha
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Thanida Sananmuang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, UMR 1090, TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, UMR 1090, TAGC, Marseille, France
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Kogiso T, Ogasawara Y, Horiuchi K, Taniai M, Tokushige K. Analysis of genetic factors associated with fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17798-17807. [PMID: 37644826 PMCID: PMC10524060 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PNPLA3 and hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) genes are associated with fatty liver disease (FLD) progression and carcinogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the characteristics of Japanese FLD patients according to HSD17B13 polymorphisms. METHODS We enrolled 402 patients who were clinically and pathologically diagnosed with FLD (alcoholic: 63 cases, nonalcoholic: 339 cases) at our hospital in 1990-2018 (228 males; median age: 54.9 [14.6-83.6] years). FLD patients with HSD17B13 A/A (212 cases) and others (A/AA or AA/AA; 190 cases) were compared. RESULTS Compared to patients with HSD17B13 A/A and others, those with the A/A genotype showed increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (A/A vs. others; 18.4% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.01), cardiovascular diseases (14.2% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.01), and hypertension (56.6% vs. 47.4%, p = 0.06). In patients without A/A, the HCC incidence was significantly reduced in those with alcohol-related FLD, fibrosis-4 index <2.67, and the PNPLA3 CC genotype; however, there was no significant difference in nonalcoholic-FLD. Patients without HSD17B13 A/A showed severe steatosis (77% vs. 88.6%, p < 0.01). New HCC developed in 11 cases and the 5-year incidence rate of HCC was 3.3% in patients with both PNPLA3 GG/GC and HSD17B13 A/A, which was significantly higher than the rate for those with other SNP profiles (0.6%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting HSD17B13 activity may prevent HCC development, particularly in alcohol-related FLD and low-risk patients. Therefore, combinations of SNPs and other risk factors can be used for screening FLD-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kogiso
- Department of Internal MedicineInstitute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuri Ogasawara
- Department of Internal MedicineInstitute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Horiuchi
- Department of Internal MedicineInstitute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Makiko Taniai
- Department of Internal MedicineInstitute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Department of Internal MedicineInstitute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for development and growth as well as cellular metabolism. Through genomic and nongenomic actions, RA regulates a variety of physiological functions. Dysregulation of RA signaling is associated with many diseases. Targeting RA signaling has been proven valuable to human health. All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy are the standard treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Both human and animal studies have shown a significant relationship between RA signaling and the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review article, we will first summarize vitamin A metabolism and then focus on the role of RA signaling in NAFLD. AtRA inhibits the development and progression of NAFLD via regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, thermogenesis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima N Cassim Bawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
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Li R, Xue W, Wei H, Fan Q, Li X, Qiu Y, Cui D. Research Progress of Pyroptosis in Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13065. [PMID: 37685870 PMCID: PMC10488074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a clinical and pathological syndrome characterized by excessive fat deposition and even steatosis in hepatocytes. It has been proven that liver inflammation induced by fat and its derivatives are involved in the pathogenesis of FLD, while the precise mechanism still remains poorly understood. Pyroptosis is programmed inflammatory cell death driving cell swelling and membrane rupture. Pyroptosis is initiated by the activation of inflammasomes and caspases, which further cleaves and activates various gasdermins, leading to pores forming on the cell membrane and the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Recent studies demonstrate that pyroptosis occurs in hepatocytes, and inhibiting pyroptosis could effectively reduce fat deposition in the liver and could ameliorate inflammation from FLD, attracting our prime focus on the role of pyroptosis in FLD. In this manuscript, we reviewed the current understanding of pyroptosis in FLD development, aiming to provide new insights and potential research targets for the clinical diagnosis and intervention of FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxuan Li
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Weiyue Xue
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Huiting Wei
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Qingqing Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Ye Qiu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China;
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
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Bergmann K, Stefanska A, Krintus M, Szternel L, Bilinski WJ, Paradowski PT, Sypniewska G. Diagnostic Performance of Biomarker-Based Scores as Predictors of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Risk in Healthy Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:3667. [PMID: 37630857 PMCID: PMC10458960 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-a new definition for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-reflects the impact of metabolic abnormalities on liver function. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of biomarker-based scores for prediction of MAFLD in apparently healthy children. METHODS This study included 144 children aged 9-11. MAFLD was recognized in 14 girls and 29 boys. Anthropometric indices, glycemia, insulin resistance, lipid profile, enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT, ALP), CRP, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) and collagen type I C-telopeptide (CTX-1) levels were measured. Fatty liver and hepatic steatosis index (FLI, HSI) and potential indicators of liver fibrogenesis: P1NP/ALP, P1NP/ALPxALT, P1NP/ALPxCRP were calculated. RESULTS P1NP/ALPxALT and P1NP/ALPxCRP were significantly higher in subjects with MAFLD. FLI was a good, significant predictor of MAFLD occurrence, regardless of sex. In boys, P1NP/ALPxCRP was a comparable predictor as CRP (OR 1.14 vs. 1.17; p < 0.001). P1NP/ALPxCRP had better discrimination capability in boys (AUC = 0.79; p < 0.001). However, the use of this algorithm did not improve discriminatory power in comparison to CRP (AUC = 0.81; p < 0.001), but gave a better sensitivity for MAFLD prediction (86% vs. 59%). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that P1NP/ALPXCRP is a reliable tool for MAFLD prediction in routine pediatric practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bergmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna Stefanska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Magdalena Krintus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Lukasz Szternel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Wojciech J. Bilinski
- Department of Orthopaedics, KoMed Poddebice Health Center, 99-200 Poddebice, Poland;
| | - Przemyslaw T. Paradowski
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Orthopaedics, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, 971 80 Luleå, Sweden;
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Grazyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.)
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Ronzoni L, Mureddu M, Malvestiti F, Moretti V, Bianco C, Periti G, Baldassarri M, Ariani F, Carrer A, Pelusi S, Renieri A, Prati D, Valenti L. Liver Involvement in Patients with Rare MBOAT7 Variants and Intellectual Disability: A Case Report and Literature Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1633. [PMID: 37628684 PMCID: PMC10454727 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) protein is an acyltransferase catalyzing arachidonic acid incorporation into lysophosphatidylinositol. Patients with rare, biallelic loss-of-function variants of the MBOAT7 gene display intellectual disability with neurodevelopmental defects. The rs641738 inherited variant associated with reduced hepatic MBOAT7 expression has been linked to steatotic liver disease susceptibility. However, the impact of biallelic loss-of-function MBOAT7 variants on liver disease is not known. We report on a 2-year-old girl with MBOAT7-related intellectual disability and steatotic liver disease, confirming that MBOAT7 loss-of-function predisposes to liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ronzoni
- Biological Resource Center, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Mureddu
- Biological Resource Center, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Malvestiti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Moretti
- Biological Resource Center, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bianco
- Biological Resource Center, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Periti
- Biological Resource Center, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ariani
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Carrer
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Serena Pelusi
- Biological Resource Center, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Biological Resource Center, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Biological Resource Center, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Ren L, Liu X, Huang X, Zhang H, Fei W, Yu X, Hu Z, Zhen Y, Chen S. Oxymatrine relieves high-fructose/fat-induced obesity via reprogramming the activity of lipid metabolism-related enhancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1145575. [PMID: 37600712 PMCID: PMC10437059 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1145575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging evidence demonstrates that the high-fructose and high-fat diet (HFHF) induced obesity and fatty liver disease has become one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide. Therefore, innovative investigations on compounds targeting obesity and fatty liver diseases are urgently needed. Methods The high-throughput natural compounds screen was performed to screen the important compounds. A rat HFHF model was constructed, the regulatory function of Oxymatrine in HFHF-induced obesity was further explored. Results We identified Oxymatrine, a natural compound extracted from Sophora flavescens, showed a potential compacity in high-fat diet-induced fatty liver disease. We found that oxymatrine significantly inhibited HFHF-induced obesity using a rat HFHF model. Additionally, we found that oxymatrine altered the enhancer landscape of subcutaneous adipose tissues by ChIP-seq analysis using antibodies against the H3K27ac histone modification. Motif enrichment analysis showed the Smad motif was significantly enriched in enhancers altered post-oxymatrine treatment. Further chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) analysis and luciferase reporter assays showed oxymatrine alters the binding of Smad3 on the enhancer regions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and the enhancer activity of Bcl2. Discussion Together, our study highlighted oxymatrine could suppress high-fructose and high-fat diet-induced obesity by inhibiting the suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) binding on obesity-related enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Xitong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjie Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhijuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Baj J, Kowalska B, Barbachowska A, Forma A, Flieger M, Majerek D, Teresiński G, Flieger W, Portincasa P, Buszewicz G, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger J. Linking Metallic Micronutrients and Toxic Xenobiotics to Atherosclerosis and Fatty Liver Disease-Postmortem ICP-MS Analysis of Selected Human Tissues. Nutrients 2023; 15:3458. [PMID: 37571395 PMCID: PMC10420647 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia is a disorder of the lipid metabolism, caused mainly by poor eating habits. The most severe consequence of an inappropriate diet is the development of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. It is generally believed that a change in nutrition, and increased physical activity can eliminate these health problems. The contemporary research and therapies used to treat dyslipidemia mainly focus on lowering the triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, disturbances in trace element homeostasis or the accumulation of toxic elements can also affect physiological processes, and be involved in the development of metabolically mediated diseases. The present study aimed to determine the mineral profiles of liver and brain tissues collected at autopsy (n = 39) in groups of people with hepatic steatosis (n = 5), atherosclerosis (n = 9), hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis (n = 16), and others without the selected disorders (n = 9). Concentrations of 51 elements were analysed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after the initial wet mineralisation of the samples with nitric acid. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the hepatic steatosis group suffers from a deficiency of important trace elements, such as copper, zinc, and molybdenum (p < 0.05), whereas the group with atherosclerosis is characterised by elevated levels of cadmium in the liver tissue (p = 0.01). Analysing the mean values of the element concentrations measured in 11 brain areas, statistically significant higher levels of calcium and copper (p < 0.001) were found in the atherosclerosis group, compared to the hepatic steatosis group, confirming the involvement of these elements in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, an accumulation of cadmium, lead, titanium, and strontium in the brain tissue was observed in the atherosclerosis group. While the accumulation of individual elements differs in different parts of the brain, the differences in the cadmium content (p < 0.05) between the study groups apply to the whole brain, except for the nucleus accumbens septi area, where a statistically significant titanium accumulation occurs in the atherosclerosis and steatosis groups, compared to the others (p < 0.05). In addition, the disruption of elemental homeostasis in the brain of a single case with bipolar disorder, and a case with hip replacement was observed. Our results confirm the involvement of chemical elements in the pathogenesis of selected metabolic diseases, and the need for further studies in larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Beata Kowalska
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Barbachowska
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, ul. Krasnystawska, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Michał Flieger
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Dariusz Majerek
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Meical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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50
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Ikewaki N, Sonoda T, Kurosawa G, Iwasaki M, Devaprasad Dedeepiya V, Senthilkumar R, Preethy S, Abraham S. Beta 1,3-1,6 Glucans Produced by Two Novel Strains of Aureobasidium Pullulans Exert Immune and Metabolic Beneficial Effects in Healthy Middle-aged Japanese Men: Results of an Exploratory Randomized Control Study. JAR Life 2023; 12:61-71. [PMID: 37637272 PMCID: PMC10457473 DOI: 10.14283/jarlife.2023.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives In this pilot study, we have evaluated the specific metabolic and immune-related benefits of the AFO-202 strain and N-163 strain of black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans-produced beta 1,3-1,6 glucan in healthy human subjects. Methods Sixteen healthy Japanese male volunteers (aged 40 to 60 years) took part in this clinical trial. They were divided into four groups (n = 4 each): Group I consumed AFO-202 beta-glucan (2 sachets of 1 g each per day), IA for 35 days and IB for 21 days; Group II consumed a combination of AFO-202 beta-glucan (2 sachets of 1 g each) and N-163 beta-glucan (1 sachet of 15 g gel each per day), IIA for 35 days and IIB for 21 days. Results Decrease in HbA1C and glycated albumin (GA), significant increase of eosinophils and monocytes and marginal decrease in D-dimer levels, decrease in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), with an increase in the lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR) and leukocyte-to-CRP ratio (LeCR) was observed in Group I between pre- and post-treatment. Decrease in total and LDL cholesterol, a decrease of CD11b, serum ferritin, galectin-3 and fibrinogen were profound in Group II between pre- and post-treatment. However, there was no statistically significant difference between day 21 and day 35 among the groups. Conclusion This outcome warrants larger clinical trials to explore the potentials of these safe food supplements in the prevention and prophylaxis of diseases due to dysregulated metabolism, such as fatty liver disease, and infections such as COVID-19 in which balanced immunomodulation are of utmost importance, besides their administration as an adjunct to existing therapeutic approaches of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ikewaki
- Dept. of Medical Life Science, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
- Institute of Immunology, Junsei Educational Institute, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - T. Sonoda
- Institute of Immunology, Junsei Educational Institute, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - G. Kurosawa
- Department of Academic Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
- MabGenesis KK, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M. Iwasaki
- Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), University of Yamanashi - School of Medicine, Chuo, Japan
| | - V. Devaprasad Dedeepiya
- Mary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, India
| | - R. Senthilkumar
- Fujio-Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, India
- Antony- Xavier Interdisciplinary Scholastics (AXIS), GN Corporation Co. Ltd., Kofu, Japan
| | - S. Preethy
- Fujio-Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, India
| | - S.J.K. Abraham
- Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), University of Yamanashi - School of Medicine, Chuo, Japan
- Mary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, India
- Antony- Xavier Interdisciplinary Scholastics (AXIS), GN Corporation Co. Ltd., Kofu, Japan
- R & D, Sophy Inc., Japan
- Levy-Jurgen Transdisciplinary Exploratory (LJTE), Global Niche Corp, Wilmington, DE, USA
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