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Khan MI, Chand N, Naz S, Alonaizan R, Hu H, Shamsi S, Khan RU. Effects of zinc supplementation from organic and inorganic sources on growth, blood biochemical indices, and intestinal microarchitecture in broilers. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-7. [PMID: 38295836 PMCID: PMC10836478 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2298491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In poultry nutrition, zinc supplementation is typically achieved through the addition of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate to the feed. The alternative approach of organic sources utilizes an organic ligand to bind zinc (Zn), resulting in higher bioavailability. Thus, a study was conducted to assess and compare the impact of a methionine-complexed Zn versus an inorganic Zn on growth, blood biochemical profile, gut histomorphology, and fecal excretion of Zn in broilers. The experimental design included two treatments: the addition of a zinc amino acid complex or zinc oxide to the basal diet. The zinc amino acid complex was supplemented at a dose equivalent to the inorganic zinc (Zn-80), while the organic zinc was provided at levels of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg to a total of 400 broilers. There were five treatments in total, and each treatment was replicated four times. Broilers supplemented with an organic form of Zn at the level of 80 mg/kg had significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio (F/G). Significantly (p < 0.05) higher Zn excretion was recorded in broilers supplemented with inorganic Zn supplementation. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher villus length and width, their ratio, and lower (p < 0.05) crypt depth were observed in birds supplemented with 80 mg/kg organic Zn. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that Zn from an organic source at the rate of 80 mg/kg was superior in terms of growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and less excretion of Zn to the environment in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishtiaq Khan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rasha Alonaizan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Hu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Shamsuddin Shamsi
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Brunßen D, Suter B. Effects of unstable β-PheRS on food avoidance, growth, and development are suppressed by the appetite hormone CCHa2. Fly (Austin) 2024; 18:2308737. [PMID: 38374657 PMCID: PMC10880493 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2024.2308737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acyl-tRNA synthetases perform diverse non-canonical functions aside from their essential role in charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acid. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS/FARS) is an α2β2 tetramer that is needed for charging the tRNAPhe for its translation activity. Fragments of the α-subunit have been shown to display an additional, translation-independent, function that activates growth and proliferation and counteracts Notch signalling. Here we show in Drosophila that overexpressing the β-subunit in the context of the complete PheRS leads to larval roaming, food avoidance, slow growth, and a developmental delay that can last several days and even prevents pupation. These behavioural and developmental phenotypes are induced by PheRS expression in CCHa2+ and Pros+ cells. Simultaneous expression of β-PheRS, α-PheRS, and the appetite-inducing CCHa2 peptide rescued these phenotypes, linking this β-PheRS activity to the appetite-controlling pathway. The fragmentation dynamic of the excessive β-PheRS points to β-PheRS fragments as possible candidate inducers of these phenotypes. Because fragmentation of human FARS has also been observed in human cells and mutations in human β-PheRS (FARSB) can lead to problems in gaining weight, Drosophila β-PheRS can also serve as a model for the human phenotype and possibly also for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Parker WG, Reyes WA, Marsh AD. Incongruent ontogenetic maturity indicators in a Late Triassic archosaur (Aetosauria: Typothorax coccinarum). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:1254-1270. [PMID: 37937738 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Maximum individual body size in pseudosuchian archosaurs is not well constrained in the fossil record, but it may be influenced by a variety of factors including basal metabolic rate, evolutionary relationships, and environmental conditions. Body size varies among the Aetosauria in which estimated total length ranges between 1 m (e.g., Coahomasuchus kahleorum) and 5 m (e.g., Desmatosuchus spurensis). A new, very large specimen of the aetosaurian Typothorax coccinarum from Petrified Forest National Park in northeastern Arizona is nearly twice the size of all other known specimens of Typothorax and is the largest aetosaur specimen currently known worldwide. The specimen lacks co-ossified neurocentral sutures in the trunk vertebrae which may suggest that the individual had not yet reached skeletal maturity, yet smaller specimens of T. coccinarum exhibit partially or fully co-ossified neurocentral sutures in the same region. If body size correlates with skeletal maturity in aetosaurs, this discrepancy warns that timing of neurocentral suture co-ossification in aetosaurs may not be a reliable indicator of ontogenetic stage. Osteohistological observations of a trunk rib demonstrate that although PEFO 42506 shows a large body size, the specimen did not deposit an external fundamental system despite depositing as many as 19 growth lines, further indicating that it had not yet reached skeletal maturity. Thus, at least within Aetosauria, neurocentral suture co-ossification and skeletal maturity may correlate, whereas body size can be incongruent in comparison. Furthermore, this specimen indicates that non-desmatosuchin aetosaurs could exhibit large body sizes and suggests that some aetosaurs may have experienced indeterminate growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Parker
- Department of Science and Resource Management, Petrified Forest National Park, Petrified Forest, USA
| | - William A Reyes
- Department of Science and Resource Management, Petrified Forest National Park, Petrified Forest, USA
- Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Adam D Marsh
- Department of Science and Resource Management, Petrified Forest National Park, Petrified Forest, USA
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Ragsdale HB, Lee NR, Kuzawa CW. Evidence that highly canalized fetal traits are sensitive to intergenerational effects of maternal developmental nutrition. Am J Biol Anthropol 2024; 183:e24883. [PMID: 38018347 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal experiences before pregnancy predict birth outcomes, a key indicator of health trajectories, but the timing and pathways for these effects are poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that maternal pre-adult growth patterns predict pregnancy glucose and offspring fetal growth in Cebu, Philippines. METHODS Using multiple regression and path analysis, gestational age-adjusted birthweight and variables reflecting infancy, childhood, and post-childhood/adolescent weight gain (conditional weights) were used to predict pregnancy HbA1c and offspring birth outcomes among participants in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. RESULTS Maternal early/mid-childhood weight gain predicted birth weight, length, and head circumference in female offspring. Late-childhood/adolescent weight gain predicted birth length, birth weight, skinfold thickness, and head circumference in female offspring, and head circumference in male offspring. Pregnancy HbA1c did not mediate relationships between maternal growth and birth size parameters. DISCUSSION In Cebu, maternal growth patterns throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence predict fetal growth via a pathway independent of circulating glucose, with stronger impacts on female than male offspring, consistent with a role of developmental nutrition on offspring fetal growth. Notably, the strength of relationships followed a pattern opposite to what occurs in response to acute pregnancy stress, with strongest effects on head circumference and birth length and weakest on skinfolds. We speculate that developmental sensitivities are reversed for stable, long-term nutritional cues that reflect average local environments. These findings are relevant to public health and life-history theory as further evidence of developmental influences on health and resource allocation across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley B Ragsdale
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Shan CQ, Liu QC, Li J, Liu E, Li C, Yu HM, Jiang GT, Liu Y, Tian J. Expression of chicken epidermal growth factor (cEGF) in Escherichia coli regulates the microflora structure of the duodenum to improve growth performance and intestinal morphogenesis in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:179-190. [PMID: 38372614 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2308274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
1. A study used gene synthesis to obtain the functional domains of chicken epidermal growth factor (cEGF) and examined their impact on broiler growth performance, small intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and the structure of duodenal microflora.2. The pET-32a-cEGF recombinant expression vector was constructed. The specific band at 26 KDa was shown by SDS-PAGE analysis and WB results. The purified protein content was shown to be 1687 μg/ml by assay.3. A total of 180 healthy, one-day-old Arbor Acres male, white-feathered broilers were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups (six replicate pens, 10 birds per replicate): A control diet (ND); cEGF diet (cEGF), control supplemented with 250 mg/kg cEGF and the control diet (CD) supplemented with 250 mg/kg chlortetracycline.4. The results showed that feeding the cEGF and CD diet reduced FCR of broilers aged 1-21 d, average daily feed intake (ADFI) at 22-42 d, and the FCR in the whole period (1-42 d; p < 0.05). Compared with the ND group, the cEGF diet increased duodenal α-amylase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the 1-21 d, duodenal lipase, alkaline phosphatase, and ileal alkaline phosphatase activities in the post-period and increased villus height in the duodenum and ileum (p < 0.05). In addition, the ACE and Chao1 index for the birds fed cEGF were higher than the ND group (p < 0.05). At the phyla level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant in all groups. At the genus level, the dominant genus was Lactobacillus. The LEfSe analysis showed that the cEGF group was enriched by 11 species including Brevibacillus, Eisenbergiella, Cloacibacterium, Butyricoccus spp.5. The addition of 250 mg/kg cEGF to the diet can increase growth performance by improving intestinal development and digestive enzyme activity, which may be related to the duodenal intestinal microflora. Therefore, cEGF is an effective alternative to antibiotics in broiler farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Shan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Q C Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - J Li
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - E Liu
- Research Quality Control Centre, Jiangsu Sanyi Bioengineering Co Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Li
- Research Quality Control Centre, Jiangsu Sanyi Bioengineering Co Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - H M Yu
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - G T Jiang
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Y Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - J Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Chen X, Luo C, Liu Y, Li T, Zhang H, Feng X. Effects of soyhulls with different particle size on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:191-202. [PMID: 38416127 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2308276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soyhulls with different particle sizes on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers.2. Total of 240 healthy, one-day-old, yellow feather broilers were randomly divided into four groups, with six pen replicates within each group and ten birds per pen. The control group birds were fed the basal diet (Control). For the treatment groups, 5% soyhulls with different particle sizes were included in the basal diet. The particle size geometric mean diameters (dgw) of the soyhulls in the three treatment groups were 299.69 μm (LowPS), 489.85 μm (MediumPS) and 734.83 μm (HighPS) with geometric standard deviation (Sgw) 1.75 μm, 1.62 μm and 1.67 μm, respectively.3. Results showed that the growth performance variables and organ indices were not different among the four groups. The MediumPS group had increased TG, T-CHO, ALT, HDL-C, and GSH-PX levels and decreased T-AOC levels, whereas LowPS and HighPS groups had increased HDL-C and GSH-PX levels (p < 0.05). Microbial diversity analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers mainly included Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Inclusion of 5% soyhulls with different particle size had no effect on alpha diversity indices of caecal microbiota. The HighPS group had significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes spp. and lower Bacteroidetes spp. compared with the LowPS and MediumPS group but this was not different from the Control group. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria spp. was significantly higher in the HighPS group than the other three groups. LEfSe analysis showed that there were more enriched biomarker taxa in the groups with soyhulls than the control group.4. Overall, the inclusion of soyhulls with different particle sizes had limited effects on growth performance, blood indices and caecal microbiota composition of yellow feather broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - C Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Y Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - T Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - H Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - X Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Smith KE, Cowan L, Taylor B, McAusland L, Heatley M, Yant L, Murchie EH. Physiological adaptation to irradiance in duckweeds is species and accession specific and depends on light habitat niche. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2046-2063. [PMID: 38217537 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Duckweeds span 36 species of free-floating aquatic organisms with body sizes ranging from 2 mm to 10 mm, where each plant body plan is reduced to a largely leaf-like structure. As an emerging crop, their fast growth rates offer potential for cultivation in closed systems. We describe a novel UK collection derived from low light (dLL) or high light (dHL) habitats, profiled for growth, photosynthesis, and photoprotection (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ) responses. Twenty-three accessions of three Lemna species and one Spirodela polyrhiza were grown under relatively low light (LL: 100 μmol m-2 s-1) and high light (HL: 350 μmol m-2 s-1) intensities. We observed broad within- and between-species level variation in photosynthesis acclimation. Duckweeds grown under HL exhibited a lower growth rate, biomass, chlorophyll, and quantum yield of photosynthesis. In HL compared with LL, carotenoid de-epoxidation state and NPQ were higher, whilst PSII efficiency (φPSII) and Chl a:b ratios were unchanged. The dLL plants showed relatively stronger acclimation to HL compared with dHL plants, especially Lemna japonica accessions. These achieved faster growth in HL with concurrent higher carotenoid levels and NPQ, and less degradation of chlorophyll. We conclude that these data support local adaptation to the light environment in duckweed affecting acclimation in controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E Smith
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Laura Cowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Beth Taylor
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lorna McAusland
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Matthew Heatley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Levi Yant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
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Zibitt M, Ange B, Wynter Z, Mundy C, Herrmann S, Stansfield BK. Hypothyroxinemia and weight velocity in preterm infants. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:236-242. [PMID: 38281180 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (HOP) is characterized by low free thyroxine (FT4) associated with low or normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The objective of this study is to define FT4 and TSH values in very preterm infants (<32 weeks postmenstrual age, PMA) and correlate hypothyroxinemia and levothyroxine treatment with growth velocity at 28 days and 36 weeks PMA. METHODS Preterm neonates <32 weeks PMA admitted to the regional neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the Children's Hospital of Georgia (USA) between January 2010 and July 2022 were routinely screened for hypothyroxinemia. FT4 and TSH values were obtained on 589 eligible neonates between day of life (DOL) 4 and 14. Growth velocity (g/kg/day) from DOL 14 to DOL 28 and 36-weeks PMA were calculated for each neonate and potential explanatory variables (PMA, sex, and race) were incorporated into multivariate regression models to identify associations between HOP and growth velocity. RESULTS In 589 preterm infants, PMA at birth was strongly associated inversely with FT4 (R=0.5845) and modestly with TSH (R=0.2740). Both FT4 and gestational age, but not TSH or levothyroxine treatment, were associated with growth velocity at 28 days of life and at 36 weeks PMA. CONCLUSIONS We provide a large data set for identifying FT4 and TSH measurements and identify hypothyroxinemia of prematurity as a potential mediator of slow postnatal growth in very preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meira Zibitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Brittany Ange
- Department of Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
- Department of Population Health Science, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zanna Wynter
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia Mundy
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Steve Herrmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Giugliano D. A Dimensional Analysis of School Connectedness in Adolescents Newly Diagnosed With Cancer. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol Nurs 2024:27527530231214534. [PMID: 38523330 DOI: 10.1177/27527530231214534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: Adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer must navigate medical, psychosocial, and educational issues when confronting this life-threatening illness. Frequent hospitalizations and intense therapy disrupt attendance at school and social events. Research supports that school connectedness is a protective factor associated with improved adolescent health, psychological, and academic outcomes. However, this phenomenon is understudied in adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer. Method: This qualitative inquiry used a dimensional analysis method to uncover the nature of school connectedness in adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer prior to school reentry. Semistructured interviews with 19 adolescents explored school relationships and experiences at the time of cancer diagnosis. Data collection and inductive analysis occurred simultaneously. Results: Analysis revealed four key dimensions: "School Days and Ways," "The Boom," "The Pause," and "Connection Reconciliation: Me, You, and Learning." Additionally, "Social Scenes," "Shared Experiences," and "Seeing and Being With" emerged as subdimensions of "School Days and Ways." All adolescents in this study described being negatively impacted by the cancer experience with universal disruption in school relationships and diminished school connections. However, the desire to restore unraveled or broken relationships and reconcile connections with self, others from the school, and learning were highly salient. Discussion: This research uncovers the meaning and context of school connectedness prior to and following a cancer diagnosis, illuminating a deeper understanding of the impact of a cancer diagnosis on adolescents, school relationships, and learning. The findings provide direction in supporting adolescents as they confront the physical, psychosocial, and educational disruptions caused by their cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Giugliano
- Stony Brook University School of Nursing, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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10
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Chen X, Lin X, Xia X, Xiang X. YAP1-induced RBM24 promotes the tumorigenesis of triple-negative breast cancer through the β-catenin pathway. J Investig Med 2024:10815589241239577. [PMID: 38441112 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241239577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and refractory to current treatments. RBM24 is an RNA-binding protein and shows the ability to regulate tumor progression in multiple cancer types. However, its role in TNBC is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed publicly available profiling data from TNBC tissues and cells. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments were performed to determine the function of RBM24 in TNBC cells. The mechanism for RBM24 action in TNBC was investigated. RBM24 was deregulated in TNBC tissues and TNBC cells with depletion of SIPA1, YAP1, or ARID1A, three key regulators of TNBC. Compared to MCF10A breast epithelial cells, TNBC cells had higher levels of RBM24. Knockdown of RBM24 inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenesis, while overexpression of RBM24 promoted aggressive phenotype in TNBC cells. YAP1 overexpression induced the expression of RBM24 and the RBM24 promoter-driven luciferase reporter. YAP1 was enriched at the promoter region of RBM24. Overexpression of RBM24 increased β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity. Most importantly, knockdown of CTNNB1 rescued RBM24 aggressive phenotype in TNBC cells. Collectively, the YAP1/RBM24/β-catenin axis plays a critical role in driving TNBC progression. RBM24 may represent a novel therapeutic target for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Xiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Namayandeh A, Zhang W, Watson SK, Borkiewicz OJ, Bompoti NM, Chrysochoou M, Penn RL, Michel FM. Goethite and Hematite Nucleation and Growth from Ferrihydrite: Effects of Oxyanion Surface Complexes. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38506754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The presence of oxyanions, such as nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-), regulates the nucleation and growth of goethite (Gt) and hematite (Hm) during the transformation of ferrihydrite (Fh). Our previous studies showed that oxyanion surface complexes control the rate and pathway of Fh transformation to Gt and Hm. However, how oxyanion surface complexes control the mechanism of Gt and Hm nucleation and growth during the Fh transformation is still unclear. We used synchrotron scattering methods and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to investigate the effects of NO3- outer-sphere complexes and PO43- inner-sphere complexes on the mechanism of Gt and Hm formation from Fh. Our TEM results indicated that Gt particles form through a two-step model in which Fh particles first transform to Gt nanoparticles and then crystallographically align and grow to larger particles by oriented attachment (OA). In contrast, for the formation of Hm, imaging shows that Fh particles first aggregate and then transform to Hm through interface nucleation. This is consistent with our X-ray scattering results, which demonstrate that NO3- outer-sphere and PO43- inner-sphere complexes promote the formation of Gt and Hm, respectively. These results have implications for understanding the coupled interactions of oxyanions and iron oxy-hydroxides in Earth-surface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Namayandeh
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven K Watson
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Olaf J Borkiewicz
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nefeli M Bompoti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Maria Chrysochoou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - R Lee Penn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - F Marc Michel
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Division of Nanoscience, Academy of Integrated Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Chen Z, Yuan ZW, Luo WX, Wu X, Pan JL, Yin YQ, Shao HC, Xu K, Li WZ, Hu YL, Wang Z, Gao KS, Chen XW. UV-A radiation increases biomass yield by enhancing energy flow and carbon assimilation in the edible cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0211023. [PMID: 38391210 PMCID: PMC10952460 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02110-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) A radiation (315-400 nm) is the predominant component of solar UV radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. However, the underlying mechanisms of the positive effects of UV-A on photosynthetic organisms have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of UV-A radiation on the growth, photosynthetic ability, and metabolome of the edible cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides. Exposures to 5-15 W m-2 (15-46 µmol photons m-2 s-1) UV-A and 4.35 W m-2 (20 μmol photons m-2 s-1) visible light for 16 days significantly increased the growth rate and biomass production of N. sphaeroides cells by 18%-30% and 15%-56%, respectively, compared to the non-UV-A-acclimated cells. Additionally, the UV-A-acclimated cells exhibited a 1.8-fold increase in the cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) pool with an increase in photosynthetic capacity (58%), photosynthetic efficiency (24%), QA re-oxidation, photosystem I abundance, and cyclic electron flow (87%), which further led to an increase in light-induced NADPH generation (31%) and ATP content (83%). Moreover, the UV-A-acclimated cells showed a 2.3-fold increase in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, indicating an increase in their carbon-fixing capacity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics further revealed that UV-A radiation upregulated the energy-storing carbon metabolism, as evidenced by the enhanced accumulation of sugars, fatty acids, and citrate in the UV-A-acclimated cells. Therefore, our results demonstrate that UV-A radiation enhances energy flow and carbon assimilation in the cyanobacterium N. sphaeroides.IMPORTANCEUltraviolet (UV) radiation exerts harmful effects on photo-autotrophs; however, several studies demonstrated the positive effects of UV radiation, especially UV-A radiation (315-400 nm), on primary productivity. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the promotive effects of UV-A radiation on primary productivity can facilitate the application of UV-A for CO2 sequestration and lead to the advancement of photobiological sciences. In this study, we used the cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides, which has an over 1,700-year history of human use as food and medicine, to explore its photosynthetic acclimation response to UV-A radiation. As per our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that UV-A radiation increases the biomass yield of N. sphaeroides by enhancing energy flow and carbon assimilation. Our findings provide novel insights into UV-A-mediated photosynthetic acclimation and provide a scientific basis for the application of UV-A radiation for optimizing light absorption capacity and enhancing CO2 sequestration in the frame of a future CO2 neutral, circular, and sustainable bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Zu-Wen Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Xin Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Long Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Qi Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Chen Shao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Zhi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Kun-Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
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Liu L, Zeng J, Wang J, Liu Y, Mei W, Wu Y, Wang C, Xu W. Early ontogenesis from embryo to juvenile in Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis under laboratory conditions. J Fish Biol 2024. [PMID: 38476052 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, is a flatfish of high commercial value in the world. It has been identified as an interesting and promising species for marine commercial aquaculture diversification in Europe for at least four decades and was introduced to China in 2003. Early ontogenesis from embryo to juvenile stages in S. senegalensis was analysed under controlled laboratory conditions to provide morphological information for aquaculture. From 0 to 59 days post hatching (dph), 10-20 larvae were sampled and measured each day (0-17 dph) or every 2-6 days (17-59 dph). Morphological characteristics from the egg to the juvenile stage were described. The eggs were separate and spherical with multiple oil globules. After 3 dph, the yolk sac was completely absorbed, mouth and anus were open, a swim bladder appeared, and larvae began feeding on rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). The larvae began metamorphosis as the notochord flexed upward and the left eye migrated upward after 10 dph. The left eye migrated to the dorsal midline at 15 dph. At 19 dph, the left eye was translocated to the right-ocular side, and the juveniles adopted a benthic lifestyle. The swim bladder degenerated, and the juveniles completed metamorphosis at 23 dph. The growth patterns of some parameters (TL, SL, BH, BW) during larval and juvenile development stages were identified. The inflection points, which are slopes of growth changes, were calculated in growth curves. Three inflection points occurring in the growth curves of larvae and juveniles were found to be associated with metamorphosis, weaning, and transitions in feeding habits. The basic information of embryo development and ontogenesis in this study represents a valuable contribution to the S. senegalensis industry, especially in artificial breeding and rearing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- Institute of Beibu Gulf Marine Industry, Fangchenggang, China
| | - Jiulong Wang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Weiping Mei
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- Institute of Beibu Gulf Marine Industry, Fangchenggang, China
| | - Yanqin Wu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwu Wang
- Yantai Beizhiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Wengang Xu
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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Boncompagni A, Pietrella E, Passini E, Grisolia C, Tagliazucchi M, Tagliafico E, Lugli L, Berardi A, Iughetti L, Lucaccioni L. Minipuberty in Male Full-term Neonates Appropriate and Small for Gestational Age and in Preterm Babies: Data from a Single Centre. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 16:50-59. [PMID: 37750394 PMCID: PMC10938525 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The postnatal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is usually known as “minipuberty”. There are still open questions about its biological function and significance depending on sex, gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) with few available longitudinal data. Methods A single-centre, longitudinal study to quantify urinary follicle stimulating hormone (uFSH), luteinizing hormone (uLH) and testosterone (uTs) in male neonates. Neonates were enrolled and stratified into three subgroups: full-term boys appropriate for GA (FT AGA); FT boys with BW ≤3rd centile [FT small for gestational age (SGA)]; and preterm (PT) boys ≤33 weeks of GA. Urinary hormones were correlated to simultaneous auxological parameters, linear growth and external genitalia at scheduled time-points. Results Forty-six boys were recruited, with subgroup sizes FT AGA n=23, FT SGA n=11 and PT n=12. PT boys display a pulsatile pattern of urinary gonadotropins (uGns) with higher levels of uLH and a gradual increase of uTs. Testicular descent started from 29-32 weeks with the peak of uTs. During the first 12-months post-term age (PTA), FT AGA boys displayed a better linear growth (p<0.05). PT showed higher uGns levels until 3-months PTA. PT babies had higher uLH levels than FT AGA, with a peak at 7 and 30 days, during the first 90 days of life (p<0.001) and higher uTs levels. Correlation analysis between penile growth of all neonates and uTs was significant (p=0.04) but not within subgroups. Conclusion This study investigated postnatal HPG axis activation in term and PT infants. Minipuberty may involve an early window of opportunity to evaluate the functionality of the HPG axis. Further studies with a long-term follow-up are needed with a special focus on possible consequences of GA and BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Boncompagni
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Pietrella
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Passini
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiarina Grisolia
- AOU/AUSL Modena, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Modena, Italy
| | - Mara Tagliazucchi
- AOU/AUSL Modena, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- AOU/AUSL Modena, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Modena, Italy
| | - Licia Lugli
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Berardi
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy
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Jorgenson KW, Hibbert JE, Sayed RKA, Lange AN, Godwin JS, Mesquita PHC, Ruple BA, McIntosh MC, Kavazis AN, Roberts MD, Hornberger TA. A novel imaging method (FIM-ID) reveals that myofibrillogenesis plays a major role in the mechanically induced growth of skeletal muscle. eLife 2024; 12:RP92674. [PMID: 38466320 PMCID: PMC10928493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in mechanical loading, such as that which occurs during resistance exercise, induces radial growth of muscle fibers (i.e. an increase in cross-sectional area). Muscle fibers are largely composed of myofibrils, but whether radial growth is mediated by an increase in the size of the myofibrils (i.e. myofibril hypertrophy) and/or the number of myofibrils (i.e. myofibrillogenesis) is not known. Electron microscopy (EM) can provide images with the level of resolution that is needed to address this question, but the acquisition and subsequent analysis of EM images is a time- and cost-intensive process. To overcome this, we developed a novel method for visualizing myofibrils with a standard fluorescence microscope (fluorescence imaging of myofibrils with image deconvolution [FIM-ID]). Images from FIM-ID have a high degree of resolution and contrast, and these properties enabled us to develop pipelines for automated measurements of myofibril size and number. After extensively validating the automated measurements, we used both mouse and human models of increased mechanical loading to discover that the radial growth of muscle fibers is largely mediated by myofibrillogenesis. Collectively, the outcomes of this study offer insight into a fundamentally important topic in the field of muscle growth and provide future investigators with a time- and cost-effective means to study it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Jorgenson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Jamie E Hibbert
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Ramy KA Sayed
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag UniversitySohagEgypt
| | - Anthony N Lange
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Troy A Hornberger
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
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Fedorczak A, Lewiński A, Stawerska R. Sirtuin 1 serum concentration in healthy children - dependence on sex, age, stage of puberty, body weight and diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1356612. [PMID: 38529393 PMCID: PMC10961438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1356612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is known to be involved in sensing cellular energy levels and regulating energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate fasting serum SIRT1 levels in healthy children, and to analyse the influence of age, sex, puberty, body weight, height, and diet on its concentration. Methods 47 healthy children aged 4-14 with weight and height within normal range and no chronic disease were included into the study. Fasting serum SIRT1 concentrations were estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Results showed that serum SIRT1 concentrations in healthy children did not differ with respect to sex, age, height, weight and puberty. Whereas, it appeared that a higher frequency of fruits, vegetables and dairy products consumption was associated with an increase in serum SIRT1 levels. Discussion Studying SIRT1 in the context of children's health may have implications for a broader understanding of growth processes, pubertal development, metabolic disorders and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fedorczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Stawerska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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17
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Zhou Z, Li T, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Huang G. Engineering Soft Spring Gauges for In Situ Biomaterial and Tissue Weighing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 38451467 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels have gained great attention and broad applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility and degradability. However, accurately and noninvasively characterizing the degradation process of hydrogels remains a challenge. To address this, we have developed a method using soft spring gauges (SSGs) for the in situ weighing of hydrogels. Our approach uses a simple hydrogel-based sacrificial template method to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) SSGs. The SSGs used in this study can characterize hydrogels with a minimum wet weight of approximately 30 mg. Through theoretical derivations, numerical simulations, and experimental characterization, we confirmed that the length change of the SSGs in a buffer solution correlates linearly with the applied hanging weights. This allows us to track and assess the solid mass change of hydrogels during degradation with high feasibility and accuracy. Additionally, we have demonstrated the potential application of SSGs for the in situ characterization of engineered tissue growth. This method represents an advanced approach for in situ hydrogel weighing, holding great promise for advancing the development of hydrogels and other biomaterials in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Zhou
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zuoqi Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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18
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Su F, Li Y. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) facilitates cell growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under high temperatures by enhancing the photosynthetic energy utilization and alleviating oxidative damage. J Phycol 2024. [PMID: 38451781 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa is cultivated extensively for its constituents, which are of significant economic worth. Large-scale growth of C. pyrenoidosa in outdoor environments is subject to various stressors such as elevated temperature. The purpose of this study was to assess the protective effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on C. pyrenoidosa under high-temperature conditions. Compared to a temperature of 30°C, increasing the temperature to 43°C reduced the enzymatic capacity for carbon assimilation and resulted in the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus reducing photosynthesis and proliferation. It was observed that exogenous EBL protected C. pyrenoidosa cells against high temperatures, with an optimal EBL concentration of 100 nM, resulting in enhanced capacity for photosynthetic carbon assimilation with a notable reduction in the imbalance between the absorption of light and energy used under high-temperature conditions. The addition of 100 nM EBL resulted in a 25.4% increase in cell density when exposed to elevated temperatures for 7 days. In addition, exogenous EBL reduced ROS production and increased the activities of critical antioxidant enzymes. This, in turn, mitigated heat-induced oxidative damage, resulting in advantageous outcomes in terms of cellular development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Su
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment, Ocean College, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bioresources Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Shangguan H, Huang X, Lin J, Chen R. Knockdown of Kmt2d leads to growth impairment by activating the Akt/β-catenin signaling pathway. G3 (Bethesda) 2024; 14:jkad298. [PMID: 38263533 PMCID: PMC10917512 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The KMT2D variant-caused Kabuki syndrome (KS) is characterized by short stature as a prominent clinical characteristic. The initiation and progression of body growth are fundamentally influenced by chondrocyte proliferation. Uncertainty persists regarding the possibility that KMT2D deficiency affects growth by impairing chondrocyte proliferation. In this study, we used the CRISPR/Cas13d technique to knockdown kmt2d in zebrafish embryos and lentivirus to create a stable Kmt2d gene knockdown cell line in chondrocytes (ATDC5 cells). We also used CCK8 and flow cytometric studies, respectively, to determine proliferation and cell cycle state. The relative concentrations of phosphorylated Akt (ser473), phosphorylated β-catenin (ser552), and cyclin D1 proteins in chondrocytes and zebrafish embryos were determined by using western blots. In addition, Akt inhibition was used to rescue the phenotypes caused by kmt2d deficiency in chondrocytes, as well as a zebrafish model that was generated. The results showed that a knockdown of kmt2d significantly decreased body length and resulted in aberrant cartilage development in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the knockdown of Kmt2d in ATDC5 cells markedly increased proliferation and accelerated the G1/S transition. In addition, the knockdown of Kmt2d resulted in the activation of the Akt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ATDC5 cells. Finally, Akt inhibition could partly rescue body length and chondrocyte development in the zebrafish model. Our study demonstrated that KMT2D modulates bone growth conceivably via regulation of the Akt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakun Shangguan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Jinduan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
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Sackesen C, Buyuktiryaki B, Gokce T, Gogebakan E, Gundogdu BS, Eltan SB, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Yilmaz EA, Can C, Cengiz H, Unlugedik O, Celik N, Incir S, Mutlu GY, Yildirim D, Ozel HG, Hatun S. The Association of Milk and Multiple Food Avoidance with Growth Parameters in Infants and Children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024:S1081-1206(24)00139-X. [PMID: 38447665 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies reported that strict avoidance of milk products in cow's milk allergy (CMA) impacts growth and bone turnover, causing negative calcium balance and changes in bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE To investigate biochemical parameters to predict bone turnover and its relations with height and weight measurements and nutritional intake. METHODS Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) z scores were plotted for age according to the World Health Organization. A 3-consecutive day food record was analyzed for nutritional values of foods. The blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined. RESULTS The study included 69 controls, 59 children with isolated CMA, and 59 children with multiple food allergy (FA). The z scores for weight, height, and BMI were lower in isolated CMA and multiple FA groups than controls (p<0.001, p=0.004, p=0.002, respectively). The nutritional intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamin B2 and B12, niacin, calcium, and phosphorus were significantly lower in isolated CMA and multiple FA than controls. In infants (£2 years of age), although blood calcium level was in normal ranges, it was significantly lower in isolated CMA and multiple FA than in controls (p<0.001). In children >2 years, PTH level was significantly higher in isolated CMA and multiple FA groups than controls (p=0.01) CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that children with isolated CMA and multiple FA have a high nutrition gap, growth deceleration, and unbalanced bone metabolism, as shown by low blood calcium and elevated PTH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansin Sackesen
- Koc University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Betul Buyuktiryaki
- Koc University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Gokce
- Koc University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | - Sevgi Bilgic Eltan
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Arik Yilmaz
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Can
- Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic, Istanbul.
| | - Hilal Cengiz
- Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Unlugedik
- Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Celik
- Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Said Incir
- Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gul Yesiltepe Mutlu
- Koc University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Damla Yildirim
- Hacettepe University, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hulya Gokmen Ozel
- Hacettepe University, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sukru Hatun
- Koc University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Chuck GM, Mansell PD, Stevenson MA, Izzo MM. Early life events associated with first lactation reproductive performance in southwest Victorian pasture-based dairy herds. Aust Vet J 2024; 102:51-59. [PMID: 38148575 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This was a prospective cohort study to determine how events from birth until first calving affect reproductive performance in the first lactation in pasture-based dairy herds in Victoria, Australia. Events during the preweaning (0 to 84 days), weaning to first breeding (85 to 473 days) and first breeding to first calving periods (474 to 804 days) were recorded and their association with reproductive performance during the first lactation was quantified. Reproductive performance outcomes included the number of days from first mating start date to first service (MSD-S1) and the number of days from first mating start date to first conception (MSD-CON). Predictors for reproductive performance included: passive transfer status as a calf; season of birth; age and breed of the dam; breed; the presence or absence of dystocia at the time of the heifer's birth; active feeding of colostrum versus being left on the dam for colostrum intake; presence of twinning; the presence or absence of preweaning diarrhoea; preweaning, prepubertal and postpubertal average daily gain; the presence or absence of periparturient disease at first calving; age at first calving; body condition score at first calving; sex of the first-born calf; the presence or absence of a stillborn calf at the first calving and requirement of assistance at first calving. Two Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed: the first for early life event variables associated with MSD-S1 and the second for early life events associated with MSD-CON. Heifers born in autumn and winter had 2.89 (95% CI 1.50 to 5.59, P = 0.002) times and 1.97 (95% CI 1.12 to 3.44, P = 0.018) times the daily hazard of being inseminated compared with heifers born in spring, respectively. For the MSD-S1 analyses heifers that gave birth to a live calf had 1.64 (95% CI 1.14 to 2.36, P = 0.008) times the daily hazard of being inseminated compared with heifers that had a stillborn calf. Increases in weight gain during the first breeding to first calving period by 0.1 kg/day increments increased the daily hazard of first insemination by a factor of 1.10 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.22, P = 0.043). Heifers that experienced periparturient disease had a significantly lower hazard of conception per day compared with heifers that did not experience periparturient disease at the first calving (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.91, P = 0.009). Increases in weight gain during the first breeding to first calving period by 0.1 kg/day increased the daily hazard of conception by a factor of 1.10 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.21, P = 0.038). We conclude that of all the growth periods assessed in this study, events that occurred during the first breeding to first calving period (474 to 804 days) had the greatest association with reproductive performance in the first lactation. There should be a focus on increasing growth rates during this period and reducing the risk of stillbirth and periparturient disease to improve reproductive performance in the subsequent mating period after calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Chuck
- Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - P D Mansell
- Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M A Stevenson
- Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M M Izzo
- Apiam Animal Health, Smithton Veterinary Service, Smithton, Tasmania, Australia
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22
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Abd El-Hamid MI, El-Azzouny MM, El-Malt RMS, Elkenawy ME, Abdelwarith AA, Younis EM, Youssef W, Dawod RE, Elged DWAH, Habaka MAM, El Oksh ASA, Mekawy S, Davies SJ, Ibrahim D. Corrigendum: Future impact of thymoquinone-loaded nanoemulsion in rabbits: prospects for enhancing growth, immunity, antioxidant potential and resistance against Pasteurella multocida. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1388859. [PMID: 38496313 PMCID: PMC10940506 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1388859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1340964.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona M. El-Azzouny
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rania M. S. El-Malt
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona E. Elkenawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wessam Youssef
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab E. Dawod
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Damietta, Egypt
| | - Dalia W. A. H. Elged
- Toxicology and Biochemical Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal A. M. Habaka
- Department of Poultry and Rabbits Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S. A. El Oksh
- Department of Biotechnology, Reference Laboratory for Quality Control of Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Soad Mekawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Simon J. Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, College of Science and Engineering, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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23
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Chow BVY, Morgan C, Rae C, Warton DI, Novak I, Davies S, Lancaster A, Popovic GC, Rizzo RRN, Rizzo CY, Kyriagis M, Herbert RD, Bolsterlee B. Human lower leg muscles grow asynchronously. J Anat 2024; 244:476-485. [PMID: 37917014 PMCID: PMC10862152 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle volume must increase substantially during childhood growth to generate the power required to propel the growing body. One unresolved but fundamental question about childhood muscle growth is whether muscles grow at equal rates; that is, if muscles grow in synchrony with each other. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advances in artificial intelligence methods (deep learning) for medical image segmentation to investigate whether human lower leg muscles grow in synchrony. Muscle volumes were measured in 10 lower leg muscles in 208 typically developing children (eight infants aged less than 3 months and 200 children aged 5 to 15 years). We tested the hypothesis that human lower leg muscles grow synchronously by investigating whether the volume of individual lower leg muscles, expressed as a proportion of total lower leg muscle volume, remains constant with age. There were substantial age-related changes in the relative volume of most muscles in both boys and girls (p < 0.001). This was most evident between birth and five years of age but was still evident after five years. The medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, the largest muscles in infancy, grew faster than other muscles in the first five years. The findings demonstrate that muscles in the human lower leg grow asynchronously. This finding may assist early detection of atypical growth and allow targeted muscle-specific interventions to improve the quality of life, particularly for children with neuromotor conditions such as cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian V. Y. Chow
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Catherine Morgan
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Caroline Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Psychology, University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David I. Warton
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Evolution & Ecology Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Iona Novak
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Suzanne Davies
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ann Lancaster
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gordana C. Popovic
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rodrigo R. N. Rizzo
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Claudia Y. Rizzo
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Maria Kyriagis
- Rehab2Kids, Sydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Robert D. Herbert
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bart Bolsterlee
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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24
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Yang K, Chen Y, Wang K, Li Z, Ji M, Li F, Han L. Evaluating the effects of tannic acid on rabbit growth performance, digestibility, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology and caecal fermentation and microbiota. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:414-422. [PMID: 37953679 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with tannic acid (TA) on the growth performance, digestibility, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology and the caecal fermentation and microbiota in rabbits. A total number of 120 Ira rabbits (30 days of age) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatment groups: TA 0 (control), TA 0.75, TA 1.5 and TA 3, administered basal diets with 0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g TA/kg of feed for 28 days. Compared to the control group, dietary 3 g TA/kg inclusion decreased the average daily feed intake (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the digestibility among the groups (p > 0.05). Serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the 3 g/kg TA group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid in the 3 g/kg TA group. The addition of TA had no effect on villus height and crypt depth of small intestine (p > 0.05). The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that at the phylum level, dietary 3 g/kg TA increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the caecum of rabbits (p < 0.05). Based on the results, dietary TA is effective in antioxidant capacity of rabbits, improving caecal fermentation and optimizing the caecal microflora. However, the appropriate dosage supplementation of TA in rabbits needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meinan Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Limei Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Zhang B, Wang Z, Dai X, Gao J, Zhao J, Ma R, Chen Y, Sun Y, Ma H, Li S, Zhou C, Wang JP, Li W. A COMPASS histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase pentamer transactivates drought tolerance and growth/biomass production in Populus trichocarpa. New Phytol 2024; 241:1950-1972. [PMID: 38095236 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) activating drought-responsive genes in plants for drought adaptation has long been established, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Here, using yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, biochemical analyses, transient and CRISPR-mediated transgenesis in Populus trichocarpa, we unveiled in this adaptation a regulatory interplay between chromatin regulation and gene transactivation mediated by an epigenetic determinant, a PtrSDG2-1-PtrCOMPASS (complex proteins associated with Set1)-like H3K4me3 complex, PtrSDG2-1-PtrWDR5a-1-PtrRbBP5-1-PtrAsh2-2 (PtrSWRA). Under drought conditions, a transcription factor PtrAREB1-2 interacts with PtrSWRA, forming a PtrSWRA-PtrAREB1-2 pentamer, to recruit PtrSWRA to specific promoter elements of drought-tolerant genes, such as PtrHox2, PtrHox46, and PtrHox52, for depositing H3K4me3 to promote and maintain activated state of such genes for tolerance. CRISPR-edited defects in the pentamer impaired drought tolerance and elevated expression of PtrHox2, PtrHox46, or PtrHox52 improved the tolerance as well as growth in P. trichocarpa. Our findings revealed the identity of the underlying H3K4 trimethyltransferase and its interactive arrangement with the COMPASS for catalysis specificity and efficiency. Furthermore, our study uncovered how the H3K4 trimethyltransferase-COMPASS complex is recruited to the effector genes for elevating H3K4me3 marks for improved drought tolerance and growth/biomass production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhuwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiufang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jinghui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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26
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Alkhunaizi E, Albrecht JP, Aarabi M, Witchel SF, Wherrett D, Babul-Hirji R, Dupuis A, Chiniara L, Chater-Diehl E, Shago M, Shuman C, Rajkovic A, Yatsenko SA, Chitayat D. 45,X/46,XY mosaicism: Clinical manifestations and long term follow-up. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63451. [PMID: 37882230 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
45,X/46,XY chromosomal mosaicism presents a range of clinical manifestations, including phenotypes from Turner syndrome through genital abnormalities to apparently unaffected phenotypic males; however, the full clinical spectrum has not yet been fully delineated since prior studies on the clinical phenotype and associated risk of gonadal tumors included small cohorts and limited follow-up. To better describe the clinical manifestations and long-term outcome of patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with 45,X/46,XY from three health centers (Hospital for Sick Children and Mount Sinai Hospital in Canada, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in United States). Of 100 patients with 45,X/46,XY karyotype, 47 were raised as females and 53 as males. Females were significantly shorter than males (p = 0.04) and height Z-score was significantly decreased with age for both genders (p = 0.02). Growth hormone (GH) treatment did not result in a significant height increase compared to the untreated group (p = 0.5). All females required puberty induction in contrast to majority of males. Five females were diagnosed with gonadal tumors, while no males were affected. Around 58% of patients exhibited at least one Turner syndrome stigmata. This study expands the clinical spectrum, long-term outcomes, and associated tumor risk in a large cohort of patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism. Additionally, it highlights our experience with GH therapy and prophylactic gonadectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Alkhunaizi
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Mahmoud Aarabi
- UPMC Medical Genetics & Genomics Laboratories, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Departments of Pathology, and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Selma F Witchel
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane Wherrett
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riyana Babul-Hirji
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyne Chiniara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Chater-Diehl
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Cytogenomics Laboratory, Cytogenomics and Genome Resources Facility, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Shago
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Cytogenomics Laboratory, Cytogenomics and Genome Resources Facility, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl Shuman
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- UPMC Medical Genetics & Genomics Laboratories, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Departments of Pathology, and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Chitayat
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Shen J, Samson N, Lamontagne‐Proulx J, Soulet D, Tremblay Y, Bazin M, Nadeau C, Bouchard S, Praud J, Parent S. Ovine model of congenital chest wall and spine deformity: From birth to 3 months follow-up. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1295. [PMID: 38222803 PMCID: PMC10782060 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The evolution and treatment of lung alterations related to congenital spine and chest wall deformities (CWD) are poorly understood. Most animal models of CWD created postnatally were not evaluated for respiratory function. The goal of our study was to evaluate the effects of a CWD induced in utero on lung growth and function in an ovine model. Methods A CWD was induced in utero at 70-75 days of gestation in 14 ovine fetuses by resection of the 7th and 8th left ribs. Each non-operated twin fetus was taken as control. Respiratory mechanics was studied postnatally in the first week and at 1, 2, and 3 months. Post-mortem respiratory mechanics and lung histomorphometry were also assessed at 3 months. Results Eight out of 14 CWD lambs (57%) and 14 control lambs survived the postnatal period. One severe and five mild deformities were induced. At birth, inspiratory capacity (25 vs. 32 mL/kg in controls), and dynamic (1.4 vs. 1.8 mL/cmH2O/kg), and static (2.0 vs. 2.5 mL/cmH2O/kg) respiratory system compliances were decreased in CWD lambs. Apart from a slight decrease in inspiratory capacity at 1 month of life, no other differences were observed in respiratory mechanics measured in vivo thereafter. Postmortem measurements found a significant decrease in lung compliance-for each lung and for both lungs taken together-in CWD lambs. No differences in lung histology were detected at 3 months in CWD animals compared to controls. Conclusions Our study is the first to assess the effects of a prenatally induced CWD on lung development and function from birth to 3 months in an ovine model. Our results show no significant differences in lung histomorphometry at 3 months in CWD lambs compared to controls. Resolution at 1 month of the alterations in respiratory mechanics present at birth may be related to the challenge in inducing severe deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Shen
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte‐JustineDepartment of SurgeryMontrealQuebecCanada
- University of MontrealDepartment of SurgeryMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Nathalie Samson
- Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology‐PhysiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | | | - Denis Soulet
- Axe NeuroscienceCentre de recherche du CHU de QuébecQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Faculté de pharmacieUniversité LavalQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Yves Tremblay
- Axe Reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfantCentre de recherche du CHU de QuébecQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI)Quebec CityQuebecCanada
- Département d'obstétrique/gynécologie et reproduction, Faculté de médecineUniversité LavalQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Marc Bazin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de QuébecUniversité LavalQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Charlène Nadeau
- Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology‐PhysiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah Bouchard
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte‐JustineDepartment of SurgeryMontrealQuebecCanada
- University of MontrealDepartment of SurgeryMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Jean‐Paul Praud
- Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology‐PhysiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Stefan Parent
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte‐JustineDepartment of SurgeryMontrealQuebecCanada
- University of MontrealDepartment of SurgeryMontrealQuebecCanada
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28
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Carucci S, Zuddas A, Lampis A, Man KKC, Balia C, Buitelaar J, Danckaerts M, Dittmann RW, Donno F, Falissard B, Gagliano A, Garas P, Häge A, Hollis C, Inglis SK, Konrad K, Kovshoff H, Liddle E, McCarthy S, Neubert A, Nagy P, Rosenthal E, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Wong ICK, Banaschewski T, Coghill D. The Impact of Methylphenidate on Pubertal Maturation and Bone Age in ADHD Children and Adolescents: Results from the ADHD Drugs Use Chronic Effects (ADDUCE) Project. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:722-739. [PMID: 38366816 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241226726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The short-term safety of methylphenidate (MPH) has been widely demonstrated; however the long-term safety is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of MPH in relation to pubertal maturation and to explore the monitoring of bone age. METHOD Participants from ADDUCE, a two-year observational longitudinal study with three parallel cohorts (MPH group, no-MPH group, and a non-ADHD control group), were compared with respect to Tanner staging. An Italian subsample of medicated-ADHD was further assessed by the monitoring of bone age. RESULTS The medicated and unmedicated ADHD groups did not differ in Tanner stages indicating no higher risk of sexual maturational delay in the MPH-treated patients. The medicated subsample monitored for bone age showed a slight acceleration of the bone maturation after 24 months, however their predicted adult height remained stable. CONCLUSION Our results do not suggest safety concerns on long-term treatment with MPH in relation to pubertal maturation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carucci
- University of Cagliari, Italy
- ASL Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Kenneth K C Man
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hong Kong Science Park, China
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Carla Balia
- University of Cagliari, Italy
- ASL Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kerstin Konrad
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen and Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Nagy
- Bethesda Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Ian C K Wong
- University College London, UK
- Hong Kong Science Park, China
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- The University of Hong Kong, China
- Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David Coghill
- University of Dundee, UK
- University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Aloui L, Greene ES, Tabler T, Lassiter K, Thompson K, Bottje WG, Orlowski S, Dridi S. Effect of heat stress on the hypothalamic expression profile of water homeostasis-associated genes in low- and high-water efficient chicken lines. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15972. [PMID: 38467563 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With climate change, selection for water efficiency and heat resilience are vitally important. We undertook this study to determine the effect of chronic cyclic heat stress (HS) on the hypothalamic expression profile of water homeostasis-associated markers in high (HWE)- and low (LWE)-water efficient chicken lines. HS significantly elevated core body temperatures of both lines. However, the amplitude was higher by 0.5-1°C in HWE compared to their LWE counterparts. HWE line drank significantly less water than LWE during both thermoneutral (TN) and HS conditions, and HS increased water intake in both lines with pronounced magnitude in LWE birds. HWE had better feed conversion ratio (FCR), water conversion ratio (WCR), and water to feed intake ratio. At the molecular level, the overall hypothalamic expression of aquaporins (AQP8 and AQP12), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its related receptor AVP2R, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), and calbindin 2 (CALB2) were significantly lower; however, CALB1 mRNA and AQP2 protein levels were higher in HWE compared to LWE line. Compared to TN conditions, HS exposure significantly increased mRNA abundances of AQPs (8, 12), AVPR1a, natriuretic peptide A (NPPA), angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), CALB1 and 2, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 and 4 (TRPV1 and TRPV4) as well as the protein levels of AQP2, however it decreased that of AQP4 gene expression. A significant line by environment interaction was observed in several hypothalamic genes. Heat stress significantly upregulated AQP2 and SCT at mRNA levels and AQP1 and AQP3 at both mRNA and protein levels, but it downregulated that of AQP4 protein only in LWE birds. In HWE broilers, however, HS upregulated the hypothalamic expression of renin (REN) and AVPR1b genes and AQP5 proteins, but it downregulated that of AQP3 protein. The hypothalamic expression of AQP (5, 7, 10, and 11) genes was increased by HS in both chicken lines. In summary, this is the first report showing improvement of growth performances in HWE birds. The hypothalamic expression of several genes was affected in a line- and/or environment-dependent manner, revealing potential molecular signatures for water efficiency and/or heat tolerance in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loujain Aloui
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Zaghouan, Tunisia
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Travis Tabler
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kentu Lassiter
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kevin Thompson
- Center for Agricultural Data Analyses, Divion of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Walter G Bottje
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sara Orlowski
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Desmond MA, Fewtrell MS, Wells JCK. Plant-Based Diets in Children: Secular Trends, Health Outcomes, and a Roadmap for Urgent Practice Recommendations and Research-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:723. [PMID: 38474851 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
People are increasingly encouraged to reduce animal food consumption and shift towards plant-based diets; however, the implications for children's health are unclear. In this narrative review of research in high-income settings, we summarize evidence on the increasing consumption of plant-based diets in children and update an earlier systematic review regarding their associations with children's health outcomes. The evidence indicates that vegan, but not vegetarian, diets can restrict growth relative to omnivorous children and increase the risk of being stunted and underweight, although the percentage affected is relatively small. Bone mineral content is reduced in vegetarian and, in particular, vegan children, compared to omnivores. Both vegetarian and vegan children who do not use vitamin B12 supplements manifest with B12 deficiency; however, supplementation rectifies this problem. Both vegetarians and vegans have lower concentrations of 25(OH)D if unsupplemented, and lower body iron stores, but usually have normal iron metabolism markers. Both groups are at risk of iodine deficiency, and this might affect thyroid health. Children consuming a vegan diet have a more favorable lipid profile than omnivorous children; however, the results for a vegetarian diet are inconsistent and vary by outcome. Based on the same scientific evidence, national and international dietary recommendations are heterogeneous, with some countries supporting plant-based diets among infants, children, and adolescents, and others discouraging them. We offer a research roadmap, highlighting what is needed to provide adequate evidence to harmonize dietary recommendations for plant-based diets in children. A number of measures should urgently be introduced at international and national levels to improve the safety of their use in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary S Fewtrell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Kato Y, Fukazawa T, Tanimoto K, Kanawa M, Kojima M, Saeki I, Kurihara S, Touge R, Hirohashi N, Okada S, Hiyama E. Achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 2 activation promotes hepatoblastoma progression. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:847-858. [PMID: 38183173 PMCID: PMC10921009 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 2 (ASCL2) is highly expressed in hepatoblastoma (HB) tissues, but its role remains unclear. Thus, biological changes in the HB cell line HepG2 in response to induced ASCL2 expression were assessed. ASCL2 expression was induced in HepG2 cells using the Tet-On 3G system, which includes doxycycline. Cell viability, proliferation activity, mobility, and stemness were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, colony-formation, migration, invasion, and sphere-formation assays. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of markers for proliferation (CCND1 and MYC), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT; SNAI1, TWIST1, and ZEB1), mesenchymal-epithelial transition (CDH1), and stemness (KLF4, POU5F1, and SOX9). Compared with the non-induced HepG2 cells, cells with induced ASCL2 expression showed significant increases in viability, colony number, migration area (%), and sphere number on days 7, 14, 8, and 7, respectively, and invasion area (%) after 90 h. Furthermore, induction of ASCL2 expression significantly upregulated CCND1, MYC, POU5F1, SOX9, and KLF4 expression on days 2, 2, 3, 3, and 5, respectively, and increased the ratios of SNAI1, TWIST1, and ZEB1 to CDH1 on day 5. ASCL2 promoted the formation of malignant phenotypes in HepG2 cells, which may be correlated with the upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway-, EMT-, and stemness-related genes. ASCL2 activation may therefore be involved in the progression of HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Takahiro Fukazawa
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and DevelopmentHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Division of Medical Research Support, Advanced Research Support CenterEhime UniversityToonJapan
| | - Keiji Tanimoto
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and MedicineHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Masami Kanawa
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and DevelopmentHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Masato Kojima
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and DevelopmentHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Isamu Saeki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Sho Kurihara
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Ryo Touge
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Hirohashi
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and MedicineHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Eiso Hiyama
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and DevelopmentHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
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Zhang JF, Wang YY, He L, Yan JY, Liu YY, Ruan ZY, Liu WC, Yi L, Ren F. PHR1 involved in the regulation of low phosphate-induced leaf senescence by modulating phosphorus homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:799-816. [PMID: 38111215 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a crucial macronutrient for plant growth, development, and reproduction. The effects of low P (LP) stress on leaf senescence and the role of PHR1 in LP-induced leaf senescence are still unknown. Here, we report that PHR1 plays a crucial role in LP-induced leaf senescence, showing delayed leaf senescence in phr1 mutant and accelerated leaf senescence in 35S:PHR1 transgenic Arabidopsis under LP stress. The transcriptional profiles indicate that 763 differentially expressed SAGs (DE-SAGs) were upregulated and 134 DE-SAGs were downregulated by LP stress. Of the 405 DE-SAGs regulated by PHR1, 27 DE-SAGs were involved in P metabolism and transport. PHR1 could bind to the promoters of six DE-SAGs (RNS1, PAP17, SAG113, NPC5, PLDζ2, and Pht1;5), and modulate them in LP-induced senescing leaves. The analysis of RNA content, phospholipase activity, acid phosphatase activity, total P and phosphate content also revealed that PHR1 promotes P liberation from senescing leaves and transport to young tissues under LP stress. Our results indicated that PHR1 is one of the crucial modulators for P recycling and redistribution under LP stress, and the drastic decline of P level is at least one of the causes of early senescence in P-deficient leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Yi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Le He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Yi Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Long Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Ribeiro VMP, Gouveia GC, Toral FLB. Candidate genes for longitudinal traits under sequential sampling in beef cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:179-192. [PMID: 37917404 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Both the measurement age of a longitudinal trait and the common pre-sampling procedures used in beef cattle herds may affect the identification of a functional candidate gene (FCG) that is potentially associated with a trait. To identify the FCG that takes part in the genetic control of body weight at five different ages in a beef cattle population with and without sequential sampling, the animals were weighed at different measurement events, around 330, 385, 440, 495 and 550 days old. Genetic parameters were estimated for body weight at each age using a single trait (STM) and a random regression model (RRM). In addition, two different databases were used to estimate the genetic parameters: the first (DB100) was formed by all animals that were weighed in the five measurement events, and the second (DB70) has records of the same population, considering that 70% of the heaviest animals were selected after each measurement event. For DB100, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed with 21,667 SNP markers to identify genomic windows that explained at least 1% of the genetic variance. Additionally, prioritization analyses were performed and FCGs were selected. We associated seven different FCGs with body weight at different ages. Among them, the gene DUSP10 was suggested as FCG in all five ages evaluated. Genetic parameters estimated for body weight using DB100 were similar when STM and RRM were applied. However, when DB70 was used as phenotypic data, there were differences between the two models. When the STM was applied, there were differences between the genetic parameters estimated for body weight when DB100 or DB70 were used as sources of phenotypes, but not for the estimates obtained with RRM. The importance of each gene for animal growth can change at different ages, and different genes may be more relevant to body weight at each different growth stage for beef cattle. Besides, sequential sampling can affect the GWAS results of a longitudinal trait. The age of the animal when a longitudinal trait is measured and pre-sampling can also contribute to inconsistencies in GWAS results for body weight in beef cattle, depending on the time when that data were collected, and consequently on the identification of FCG between studies, even when models that consider a covariance structure are used.
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Rigg AL, Bellotto C, Fowler AM, Booth DJ. Staining protocols affect use of otolith to estimate the demography of the damselfish sergeant major (Abudefduf vaigiensis). J Fish Biol 2024; 104:878-882. [PMID: 37903718 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the otolith (sagittae, lapilli, and asterisci) increment deposition rate in the range-shifting damselfish, A. vaigiensis, using different concentrations of Alizain Red S and evaluated the impact of staining on increment width. Daily increment deposition was verified in all otolith types and presented clearer fluorescent markings in the lapilli and sagittae than the asterisci, with high stain concentration showing the best clarity. Higher stain concentrations were found to decrease increment width, suggesting care is needed when using stained otoliths as a proxy for growth for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Rigg
- Fish Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clara Bellotto
- Fish Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley M Fowler
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Booth
- Fish Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hussain SM, Naeem E, Ali S, Adrees M, Riaz D, Paray BA, Naeem A. Evaluation of growth, nutrient absorption, body composition and blood indices under dietary exposure of iron oxide nanoparticles in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:366-373. [PMID: 37927171 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability, small size and direct absorption in the blood, make nanoparticles (NPs) a remarkable feed additive in the aquaculture industry. Therefore, dietary iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2 O3 -NPs) were used to examine their effects on growth, nutrient absorption, body composition and blood indices in Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) fingerlings. Healthy C. carpio fingerlings (n = 270) were fed with six canola meal based experimental diets (D1-control, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6) supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg Fe2 O3 -NPs respectively. A total of 15 fingerlings (average initial weight 5.51 ± 0.04 g/fish) were kept in triplicates for 70 days. The results indicated that maximum growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficient, body composition and haematological parameters were observed in 40 mg/kg Fe2 O3 -NPs supplementation. All the experimental diets were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in all the above parameters than control diet. In the present research, the recommended dosage of Fe2 O3 -NPs as dietary supplement is 40 mg/kg for improving the growth, nutrient absorption, body composition and haematological indices in C. carpio fingerlings. Hence, this study demonstrates the potential of NPs to improve the health of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Eman Naeem
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Danish Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Adan Naeem
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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Alagawany M, Lestingi A, Abdelzaher HA, Elnesr SS, Madkour M, El-Baz FK, Alfassam HE, Rudayni HA, Allam AA, Abd El Hack ME. Dietary supplementation with Dunaliella salina microalga promotes quail growth by altering lipid profile and immunity. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103591. [PMID: 38471224 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The goals of the current research are to ascertain the impacts of Dunaliella salina (DS) on quail growth, carcass criteria, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile, and immune response. Two hundred and forty 7-day-old quail chicks were divided equally into 4 separate groups with 6 replicates with 10 birds each. The groups were as follows: 1) control diet (the basal feed without DS), 2) control diet enriched with 0.25 g DS/kg, 3) control diet enriched with 0.50 g DS/kg, and 4) control diet enriched with 1.00 g DS/kg. Results elucidated that the birds which consumed 0.5 and 1 g DS/kg diet performed better than other birds in terms of live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There were no significant changes in feed intake (FI) and carcass characteristics due to different dietary DS levels. Compared to the control group, DS-treated groups had better lipid profile (low total cholesterol and LDL values and high HDL values) and immune response (complement 3 values). The quails consumed feeds with different levels of DS had greater (P < 0.038) C3 compared to control. Adding 0.5 and 1 g DS/kg lowered blood concentrations of triglycerides and total protein (TP) values. The high level of DS (1 g/kg) had higher albumin values and lower AST values than other groups (P < 0.05). The creatinine values were at the lowest levels in the group consumed 0.50 g DS/kg feed. No changes (P > 0.05) were demonstrated among experimental groups in the ALT, urea, and lysozyme values. In conclusion, adding D. salina to growing quail diets enhanced growth, immune system, blood lipid profile, and kidney and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Antonia Lestingi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Hagar A Abdelzaher
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Agriculture Faculty, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Farouk K El-Baz
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haifa E Alfassam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt
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Frassetto LA, Masharani U. Effects of Alterations in Acid-Base Effects on Insulin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2739. [PMID: 38473990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin tightly regulates glucose levels within a narrow range through its action on muscle, adipose tissue and the liver. The activation of insulin receptors activates multiple intracellular pathways with different functions. Another tightly regulated complex system in the body is acid-base balance. Metabolic acidosis, defined as a blood pH < 7.35 and serum bicarbonate < 22 mmol/L, has clear pathophysiologic consequences including an effect on insulin action. With the ongoing intake of typical acid-producing Western diets and the age-related decline in renal function, there is an increase in acid levels within the range considered to be normal. This modest increase in acidosis is referred to as "acid stress" and it may have some pathophysiological consequences. In this article, we discuss the effects of acid stress on insulin actions in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda A Frassetto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Umesh Masharani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Jobarteh ML, Saxena DB, Kulkarni B, Shah K, Banjara SK, Shah PA, Memon F, Chilumula M, Palepu DP, Selvaraj K, Dasi T, Madhari R, Calvo-Urbano B, Dockrell J, Antalek C, Davies-Kershaw H, Ferguson E, Heffernan C. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mitigation strategy during pregnancy on prenatal outcome, growth and development in early childhood in India: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol paper. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e001900. [PMID: 38417925 PMCID: PMC10900341 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-001900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has offset some of the gains achieved in global health, particularly in relation to maternal, child health and nutrition. As pregnancy is a period of plasticity where insults acting on maternal environment have far-reaching consequences, the pandemic has had a significant impact on prenatal outcomes, intrauterine and postnatal development of infants. This research will investigate both the direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic during pregnancy on prenatal outcomes, growth and development in early childhood. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Community and hospital data in Hyderabad and Gujarat, India will be used to recruit women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic and contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection. In comparison with women who were pregnant around the same time and did not contract the virus, the study will investigate the impact of the pandemic on access to healthcare, diet, nutrition, mental health and prenatal outcomes in 712 women (356 per study arm). Children born to the women will be followed prospectively for an 18-month period to investigate the impact of the pandemic on nutrition, health, growth and neurocognition in early childhood. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was granted from the institutional ethics committees of the Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar (SHSRC/2021/2185), Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition (EC/NEW/INST/2021/1206), and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (72848). The findings of the study will be disseminated to policy and research communities through engagements, scientific conferences, seminars, and open-access, peer-reviewed publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modou Lamin Jobarteh
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Deepak B Saxena
- Department of Epidemiology, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Bharati Kulkarni
- Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Komal Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Priyanka Akshay Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Farjana Memon
- Department of Epidemiology, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Monica Chilumula
- Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Kiruthika Selvaraj
- Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Teena Dasi
- Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Radhika Madhari
- Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Beatriz Calvo-Urbano
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, University of London, London, UK
| | - Julie Dockrell
- Faculty of Children and Learning, University of London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Catherine Antalek
- Faculty of Children and Health, University of London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Hilary Davies-Kershaw
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elaine Ferguson
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Claire Heffernan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, London International Development Centre, London, UK
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Momo Kadia B, Ramsteijn AS, Dasi T, Fahmida U, Kulkarni B, Faye B, Htet MK, Sow D, Kalashikam RR, Sharma R, Sudibya ARP, Kusuma S, Angelin TC, Nurfadilah M, Jobarteh ML, Diop NS, Gabain I, Calvo-Urbano B, Ferguson E, Haggarty P, Heffernan C, Webster JP, Walker AW, Allen S. Assessment of the role of gut health in childhood stunting in a multisite, longitudinal study in India, Indonesia and Senegal: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e001637. [PMID: 38417928 PMCID: PMC10900321 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood stunting has a complex aetiology, with poor gut health being an important contributor. This study will assess inter-relationships between maternal and infant gut health indices and infant linear growth. Inter-relationships between gut health indices, systemic inflammation and growth hormones in early childhood will also be assessed. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A longitudinal observational study of cohorts of 600 newborns and their mothers in India, Indonesia and Senegal will be conducted. Women will be recruited during pregnancy and their children followed up to age 24 months. Stool, urine and blood samples will be collected from the women and children for assessments of helminthic and protozoal parasites, bacterial pathogens, faecal microbiota taxa, biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction, systemic inflammation and growth hormones. Child anthropometric measurements will be collected at birth and at ages 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. The gut health indices will be integrated with cohort data from other Action Against Stunting Hub (AASH) workstreams for interdisciplinary analyses of childhood stunting and the development of a new typology of stunting. DISCUSSION This study will advance scientific understanding of the role of gut health in childhood stunting and will contribute to a broader knowledge of the complex aetiology of this condition as part of the interdisciplinary AASH research to reduce the global burden of childhood stunting. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the relevant Ethics Committees in Senegal, India, and Indonesia and LSHTM. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Momo Kadia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Teena Dasi
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Umi Fahmida
- Southeast Asian Ministry of Education Organisation Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Babacar Faye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Min Kyaw Htet
- Southeast Asian Ministry of Education Organisation Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Doudou Sow
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, Saint Louis, Sénégal
| | | | - Ritu Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arienta R P Sudibya
- Southeast Asian Ministry of Education Organisation Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sari Kusuma
- Southeast Asian Ministry of Education Organisation Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tiffany C Angelin
- Southeast Asian Ministry of Education Organisation Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mifa Nurfadilah
- Southeast Asian Ministry of Education Organisation Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Modou Lamin Jobarteh
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ndeye Sokhna Diop
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Isobel Gabain
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Beatriz Calvo-Urbano
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Elaine Ferguson
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Haggarty
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Claire Heffernan
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- London International Development Centre, London, UK
| | - Joanne P Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alan W Walker
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Stephen Allen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Garrido P, Casas-Benito A, Larrayoz IM, Narro-Íñiguez J, Rubio-Mediavilla S, Zozaya E, Martín-Carnicero A, Martínez A. Expression of Mitochondrial Long Non-Coding RNAs, MDL1 and MDL1AS, Are Good Prognostic and/or Diagnostic Biomarkers for Several Cancers, Including Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:960. [PMID: 38473321 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs provide new opportunities to identify biomarkers that properly classify cancer patients. Here, we study the biomarker status of the mitochondrial long non-coding RNAs, MDL1 and MDL1AS. Expression of these genes was studied in public transcriptomic databases. In addition, a cohort of 69 locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients with a follow-up of more than 5 years was used to determine the prognostic value of these markers. Furthermore, cell lines of colorectal (HCT116) and breast (MDA-MB-231) carcinoma were employed to study the effects of downregulating MDL1AS in vitro. Expression of MDL1AS (but not MDL1) was significantly different in tumor cells than in the surrounding tissue in a tumor-type-specific context. Both MDL1 and MDL1AS were accurate biomarkers for the 5-year survival of LARC patients (p = 0.040 and p = 0.007, respectively) with promising areas under the curve in the ROC analyses (0.820 and 0.930, respectively). MDL1AS downregulation reduced mitochondrial respiration in both cell lines. Furthermore, this downregulation produced a decrease in growth and migration on colorectal cells, but the reverse effects on breast cancer cells. In summary, MDL1 and MDL1AS can be used as reliable prognostic biomarkers of LARC, and MDL1AS expression provides relevant information on the diagnosis of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garrido
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Adrián Casas-Benito
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Department of Nursing, Biomarkers, Artificial Intelligence and Signaling (BIAS), University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Judit Narro-Íñiguez
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Zozaya
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Calahorra, 26500 Calahorra, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Martínez
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Momo Kadia B, Khouma M, Sow D, Faye B, Ramsteijn AS, Calvo-Urbano B, Jobarteh ML, Ferguson E, Haggarty P, Webster JP, Walker AW, Heffernan C, Allen SJ. Improving gut health and growth in early life: a protocol for an individually randomised, two-arm, open-label, controlled trial of a synbiotic in infants in Kaffrine District, Senegal. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e001629. [PMID: 38417919 PMCID: PMC10900337 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infants exposed to enteropathogens through poor sanitation and hygiene can develop a subclinical disorder of the gut called environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), characterised by abnormal intestinal histology and permeability. EED can contribute to stunting through reduced digestion and absorption of nutrients, increased susceptibility to infections, increased systemic inflammation and inhibition of growth hormones. EED can be apparent by age 12 weeks, highlighting the need for early intervention. Modulating the early life gut microbiota using synbiotics may improve resistance against colonisation of the gut by enteropathogens, reduce EED and improve linear growth. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An individually randomised, two-arm, open-label, controlled trial will be conducted in Kaffrine District, Senegal. Infants will be recruited at birth and randomised to either receive a synbiotic containing two Bifidobacterium strains and one Lactobacillus strain, or no intervention, during the first 6 months of life. The impact of the intervention will be evaluated primarily by comparing length-for-age z-score at 12 months of age in infants in the intervention and control arms of the trial. Secondary outcome variables include biomarkers of intestinal inflammation, intestinal integrity and permeability, gut microbiota profiles, presence of enteropathogens, systemic inflammation, growth hormones, epigenetic status and episodes of illness during follow-up to age 24 months. DISCUSSION This trial will contribute to the evidence base on the use of a synbiotic to improve linear growth by preventing or ameliorating EED in a low-resource setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PACTR202102689928613.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Momo Kadia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marietou Khouma
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Doudou Sow
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, Saint Louis, Senegal
| | - Babacar Faye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Beatriz Calvo-Urbano
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Modou L Jobarteh
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elaine Ferguson
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Haggarty
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Joanne P Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alan W Walker
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Claire Heffernan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- London International Development Centre, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Allen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Davies-Kershaw H, Fahmida U, Htet MK, Kulkarni B, Faye B, Yanti D, Shinta D, Zahra NL, Angelin TC, Madhari R, Pullakhandam R, Palika R, Dasi T, Fernandez Rao S, Banjara SK, Selvaraj K, Palepu DP, Yadev D, Diouf S, Lopez-Sall P, Diallo B, Mouissi P, Fall S, Diallo I, Djigal A, Immerzeel TDV, Tairou F, Diop A, Pradeilles R, Strout S, Momo Kadia B, Tata DT, Jobarteh ML, Allen S, Walker A, Webster JP, Haggarty P, Heffernan C, Ferguson E. Anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, morbidity and well-being assessments in women and children in Indonesia, India and Senegal: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol paper. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e001683. [PMID: 38417920 PMCID: PMC10910654 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Child stunting has a complex aetiology, especially in the first 1000 days of life. Nutrition interventions alone have not produced expected impacts in reducing/preventing child stunting, indicating the importance of understanding the complex interplay between environmental, physiological and psychological factors influencing child nutritional status. This study will investigate maternal and child nutrition, health and well-being status and associated factors through the assessment of: (1) anthropometry, (2) biomarkers of nutrition and health status, (3) dietary intakes, (4) fetal growth and development, (5) infant morbidity, (6) infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and (7) perinatal maternal stress, depression and social support. METHODS This study will be conducted in a prospective pregnancy cohort in India, Indonesia and Senegal. Pregnant women will be recruited in the second (Indonesia, Senegal) and third (India) trimester of pregnancy, and the mother and infant dyads followed until the infant is 24 months of age. During pregnancy, anthropometric measures will be taken, venous blood samples will be collected for biochemical assessment of nutrition and health status, dietary intakes will be assessed using a 4-pass-24-hour dietary recall method (MP24HR), fetal ultrasound for assessment of fetal growth. After birth, anthropometry measurements will be taken, venous blood samples will be collected, MP24HR will be conducted, infant morbidity and IYCF practices will be assessed and a sample of breastmilk will be collected for nutrient composition analyses. Perinatal maternal stress, depression, social support and hair cortisol levels (stress) will be measured. The results from this study will be integrated in an interdisciplinary analysis to examine factors influencing infant growth and inform global efforts in reducing child stunting. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (17915/RR/17513); National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR)-Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (CR/04/I/2021); Health Research Ethics Committee, University of Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (KET-887/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2019); and the Comité National d'Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé, Senegal (Protocole SEN19/78); the Royal Veterinary College (URN SR2020-0197) and the International Livestock Research Institute Institutional Research Ethics Committee (ILRI-IREC2020-33). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to policy-makers and participating communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Davies-Kershaw
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Umi Fahmida
- Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, SEAMEO, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Min Kyaw Htet
- Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, SEAMEO, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bharati Kulkarni
- Deparments of Maternal and Child Health and Dietetics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Babacar Faye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Dwi Yanti
- Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, SEAMEO, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Shinta
- Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, SEAMEO, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur L Zahra
- Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, SEAMEO, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tiffany C Angelin
- Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, SEAMEO, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Radhika Madhari
- Deparments of Maternal and Child Health and Dietetics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raghu Pullakhandam
- Deparments of Maternal and Child Health and Dietetics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravindranadh Palika
- Deparments of Maternal and Child Health and Dietetics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Teena Dasi
- Deparments of Maternal and Child Health and Dietetics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sylvia Fernandez Rao
- Deparments of Maternal and Child Health and Dietetics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Banjara
- Deparments of Maternal and Child Health and Dietetics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kiruthika Selvaraj
- Deparments of Maternal and Child Health and Dietetics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharani Pratyusha Palepu
- Deparments of Maternal and Child Health and Dietetics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dinesh Yadev
- Department of Public Health, London International Development Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Saliou Diouf
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Philomene Lopez-Sall
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Diallo
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Princillia Mouissi
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Sally Fall
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Diallo
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aicha Djigal
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Fassia Tairou
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Assana Diop
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie- Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rebecca Pradeilles
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- UMR, MOISA, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Strout
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Momo Kadia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Darius Tetsa Tata
- Department of Public Health, London International Development Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Modou Lamin Jobarteh
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen Allen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan Walker
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Joanne P Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Haggarty
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Claire Heffernan
- Department of Public Health, London International Development Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elaine Ferguson
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Barry CV, Chrysanthopoulou SA, Tallo V, Jarilla B, Vargas Z, McDonald E, Gundogan F, Friedman JF. The Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Longitudinal Growth, Nutritional Status, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Early Childhood in Leyte, the Philippines. J Pediatr 2024; 269:113977. [PMID: 38401788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact and potential mechanistic pathways of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on longitudinal growth and nutritional status in early childhood. STUDY DESIGN A cohort of 296 mother-infant dyads (32% with PAE vs 68% unexposed) were recruited in Leyte, the Philippines, and followed from early gestation through 24 months of age. PAE was assessed using serum phosphatidylethanol (PEth) captured twice prenatally and in cord blood and supplemented with self-reported alcohol consumption. Linear mixed models were used to examine longitudinal effects of PAE on growth from birth through 2 years including key potential mediating factors (placental histopathology, and infant serum leptin and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 [IGF-1]). RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that PAE was significantly associated with a delayed blunting of linear growth trajectories (height-for-age z-score, body length) and weight (weight-for-age z-score, body weight) that manifested between 4 and 6 months and continued through 12-24 months. PAE was also associated with a decreased rate of mid-upper-arm circumference growth from birth to 12 months, and a lower mean IGF-1 levels at birth and 6 months. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a delayed impact of PAE on growth that manifested around 6 months of age, underscoring the importance of routine clinical monitoring in early childhood. Furthermore, the findings supported prior animal model findings that suggest a mechanistic role for IGF-1 in PAE-induced growth delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher V Barry
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | | | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Blanca Jarilla
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Zorimel Vargas
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Emily McDonald
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Fusun Gundogan
- Department of Pathology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Women and Infants' Hospital, Care New England, Providence, RI
| | - Jennifer F Friedman
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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John T, Rampioni A, Poger D, Mark AE. Molecular Insights into the Dynamics of Amyloid Fibril Growth: Elongation and Lateral Assembly of GNNQQNY Protofibrils. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:716-723. [PMID: 38235697 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of peptides and proteins into β-sheet rich amyloid fibrils is linked to both functional and pathological states. In this study, the growth of fibrillar structures of the short peptide GNNQQNY, a fragment from the yeast prion Sup35 protein, was examined. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study alternative mechanisms of fibril growth, including elongation through binding of monomers as well as fibril self-assembly into larger, more mature structures. It was found that after binding, monomers diffused along preformed fibrils toward the ends, supporting the mechanism of fibril growth via elongation. Lateral assembly of protofibrils was found to occur readily, suggesting that this could be the key to transitioning from isolated fibrils to mature multilayer structures. Overall, the work provides mechanistic insights into the competitive pathways that govern amyloid fibril growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten John
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aldo Rampioni
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Poger
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alan E Mark
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Radwan H, Naja F, Abbas N, Kharma JA, Obaid RS, Al Ghazal H, Abdelrahim DN, Saqan R, Alameddine M, Al Hilali M, Hasan H, Hashim M. Influence of maternal characteristics and infant feeding patterns on infant growth from birth till 18 months: The MISC study. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13106. [PMID: 38383983 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth and development of infants during the first 1000 days of life are crucial for their health. OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the impact of maternal characteristics and infant feeding patterns on infant growth from birth to 18 months. METHODS Data were derived from the 2-year perspective Mother Infant Study Cohort (MISC) study which included six visits from the third trimester of pregnancy until 18 months postpartum. A convenient sample of 256 pregnant women aged 19-40 years was recruited from Sharjah, Dubai and Ajman in the United Arab Emirates. RESULTS Amongst mothers' characteristics, Arab nationality, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, higher gestational weight gain and lower physical activity were found to increase the likelihood of infants being overweight at 6, 12 and 18 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was positively correlated with reduced odds of the infant being overweight at 18 months (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.81). Breastfeeding for up to 6 months and the introduction of solid foods after 6 months was associated with reduced odds of the infant being overweight at 12 months old (aOR = 4, 95% CI: 1.1-14.6; aOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.09-8.08, respectively). CONCLUSION The findings spotlight the influence of maternal characteristics and infant feeding on infant growth. This asserts the need for evidence-based programmes targeting mothers to promote optimal feeding practices and foster healthy child growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadia Radwan
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Naja
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada Abbas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Abi Kharma
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reyad Shaker Obaid
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hessa Al Ghazal
- Sharjah Child-Friendly Office-Sharjah Health Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana N Abdelrahim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roba Saqan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Marwa Al Hilali
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Al Qassimi Hospital, Emirates Health Services, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayder Hasan
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Hashim
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Yang C, Wang S, Li Q, Zhang R, Xu Y, Feng J. Effects of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HJLP-1 on Growth Performance, Selected Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function Indices in the Serum, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:668. [PMID: 38473053 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This research study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on growth performance, oxidation resistance, immunity, and cecal microbiota in broilers. This work classed three hundred and sixty 1-day-old male broilers into three groups randomly, including a control group (CON, basal diet) and antibiotic (ANT, 75 mg kg-1 chlortetracycline added into basal diet) and probiotic groups (LP, 5 × 108 CFU kg-1Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HJLP-1 contained within basal diet). Animals were then fed for 42 days, and each group comprised eight replicates with 15 broilers. Compared with CON, L. plantarum supplementation significantly improved the average daily weight gain (AWDG) (p < 0.05) while reducing the feed-gain ratio over the entire supplemental period (p < 0.05). Birds fed L. plantarum had markedly lower serum ammonia and xanthine oxidase levels (p < 0.05) than those in the ANT and CON groups. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and serum IgM and IgY contents in broilers fed L. plantarum were also observed when compared with those in the CON and ANT groups. Both L. plantarum and antibiotics decreased pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β levels significantly (p < 0.05), while only L. plantarum promoted anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels in the serum (p < 0.05) compared with CON. L. plantarum (p < 0.05) increased acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations in cecal contents when compared to those in CON and ANT. Among the differences revealed via 16S rRNA analysis, L. plantarum markedly improved the community richness of the cecal microbiota. At the genus level, the butyric acid-producing bacteria Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae were found in higher relative abundance in samples of L. plantarum-treated birds. In conclusion, dietary L. plantarum supplementation promoted the growth and health of broilers, likely by inducing a shift in broiler gut microbiota toward short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Therefore, L. plantarum has potential as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Gessler A, Zweifel R. Beyond source and sink control - toward an integrated approach to understand the carbon balance in plants. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38375596 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A conceptual understanding on how the vegetation's carbon (C) balance is determined by source activity and sink demand is important to predict its C uptake and sequestration potential now and in the future. We have gathered trajectories of photosynthesis and growth as a function of environmental conditions described in the literature and compared them with current concepts of source and sink control. There is no clear evidence for pure source or sink control of the C balance, which contradicts recent hypotheses. Using model scenarios, we show how legacy effects via structural and functional traits and antecedent environmental conditions can alter the plant's carbon balance. We, thus, combined the concept of short-term source-sink coordination with long-term environmentally driven legacy effects that dynamically acclimate structural and functional traits over time. These acclimated traits feedback on the sensitivity of source and sink activity and thus change the plant physiological responses to environmental conditions. We postulate a whole plant C-coordination system that is primarily driven by stomatal optimization of growth to avoid a C source-sink mismatch. Therefore, we anticipate that C sequestration of forest ecosystems under future climate conditions will largely follow optimality principles that balance water and carbon resources to maximize growth in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Gao X, Gao Z, Zhang M, Qiao H, Jiang S, Zhang W, Xiong Y, Jin S, Fu H. Identifying Relationships between Glutathione S-Transferase-2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Hypoxia Tolerance and Growth Traits in Macrobrachium nipponense. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:666. [PMID: 38473051 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating hypoxia tolerance and growth trait single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Macrobrachium nipponense is conducive to cultivating prawns with hypoxia tolerance and good growth characteristics. The glutathione S-transferase-2 gene (GST-2) has been shown to regulate hypoxia responses in M. nipponense. In this study, we identified a single GST-2 SNP in M. nipponense, and analyzed its regulatory relationship with hypoxia tolerance and growth. The GST-2 sequence was amplified with a polymerase chain reaction from 197 "Taihu Lake No. 3", "Taihu Lake No. 2", and Pearl River population samples to identify SNP loci. The full-length Mn-GST2 sequence was 2317 bp, including three exons and two introns. In total, 38 candidate SNP loci were identified from GST-2 using Mega11.0 comparisons, with most loci moderately polymorphic in terms of genetic diversity. Locus genotypes were also analyzed, and basic genetic parameters for loci were calculated using Popgene32 and PIC_CALC. The expected heterozygosity of the 38 SNP loci ranged from 0.2334 to 0.4997, with an average of 0.4107, while observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.1929 to 0.4721, with an average of 0.3401. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.21 to 0.37. From SPSS analyses, the G+256A locus was significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance across all three M. nipponense populations, while the SNP loci A+261C, C+898T, A+1370C, and G+1373T were significantly associated with growth traits. Further analyses revealed that the T+2017C locus was significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance in "Taihu Lake No. 2" populations, G+256A, A+808T, C+1032T, and A+1530G loci were significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance in "Taihu Lake No. 3" populations, while no SNP loci were correlated with hypoxia tolerance in Pearl River populations. A+1370C and G+1373T loci, which were associated with growth traits, exhibited a high degree of linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.89 and r2 > 0.8), suggesting potential genetic linkage. Our data suggest associations between hypoxia tolerance and growth trait SNP loci in M. nipponense, and provide valuable evidence for the genetic improvement of growth and hypoxia tolerance in this prawn species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbin Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zijian Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Minglei Zhang
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Lim T, Park J, Kwon H. Slowly Growing Pulmonary Glandular Papilloma with Air Bronchogram: A Case Report. J Belg Soc Radiol 2024; 108:19. [PMID: 38405419 PMCID: PMC10885847 DOI: 10.5334/jbsr.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary glandular papilloma is a rare benign neoplasm that has not been studied extensively. This neoplasm presents as a solid nodule, consolidation, or mass, with or without atelectasis, and assessing the correlation between these findings and the risk of malignancy is challenging. A 60-year-old woman presented a solitary pulmonary nodule on screening chest radiography and chest computed tomography (CT). During the subsequent 2-year follow-up, CT showed a progressive increase in nodule size and an air bronchogram, suggesting malignancy. The patient underwent a right upper lobectomy, and the final diagnosis was glandular papilloma. Teaching point: Pulmonary glandular papilloma with growth and an air bronchogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Respiratory Center, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Heejung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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50
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Liimatta J, Jääskeläinen J, Mäntyselkä A, Häkkinen MR, Auriola S, Voutilainen R, Flück CE, Lakka TA. Accelerated Early Childhood Growth Is Associated With the Development of Earlier Adrenarche and Puberty. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae026. [PMID: 38425434 PMCID: PMC10904224 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Small birth size and increased postnatal growth have been associated with earlier timing of adrenarche and puberty, but it is not well known whether these factors alone or together lead to earlier maturation. Objective This work aimed to search for different growth trajectories using a clustering approach to analyze the effects of birth size and postnatal growth on adrenarchal and pubertal development. Methods Altogether 351 children (48% girls) were examined prospectively at ages 6 to 9 and 9 to 11 years. Birth and early-growth data were collected retrospectively. Main outcome measures included clinical signs of adrenarche and puberty, and serum androgen concentrations (dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone). Results We detected 4 clusters with different birth sizes and postnatal growth trajectories: 1) children with average birth size and increased postnatal growth (AI), 2) children with small birth size and increased postnatal growth (SI), 3) children with average birth size and postnatal growth (AA), and 4) children with small birth size and average postnatal growth (SA). Thelarche at age 9 to 11 was most common and serum androgens at ages 6 to 9 and 9 to 11 years were highest in girls belonging to the AI and SI groups. Similar patterns in the onset of puberty and in androgen levels were not seen in the SA group. Conclusion Increased early growth and weight gain predict higher serum androgen concentrations and earlier onset of puberty in girls. Adrenarche and puberty do not appear to be shifted earlier in children with small birth size who do not have catch-up growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Liimatta
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino Mäntyselkä
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja R Häkkinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo Voutilainen
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christa E Flück
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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