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Messineo L, Sands SA, Schmickl C, Labarca G, Hu WH, Esmaeili N, Vena D, Gell L, Calianese N, Malhotra A, Gottlieb DJ, Wellman A, Redline S, Azarbarzin A. Treatment of Sleep Apnea and Reduction in Blood Pressure: The Role of Heart Rate Response and Hypoxic Burden. Hypertension 2024; 81:1106-1114. [PMID: 38506074 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased blood pressure (BP). Obstructive sleep apnea treatment reduces BP with substantial variability, not explained by the apnea-hypopnea index, partly due to inadequate characterization of obstructive sleep apnea's physiological consequences, such as oxygen desaturation, cardiac autonomic response, and suboptimal treatment efficacy. We sought to examine whether a high baseline heart rate response (ΔHR), a marker of high cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnea, predicts a larger reduction in post-treatment systolic BP (SBP). Furthermore, we aimed to assess the extent to which a reduction in SBP is explained by a treatment-related reduction in hypoxic burden (HB). METHODS ΔHR and HB were measured from pretreatment and posttreatment polygraphy, followed by a 24-hour BP assessment in 168 participants treated with continuous positive airway pressure or nocturnal supplemental oxygen from the HeartBEAT study (Heart Biomarker Evaluation in Apnea Treatment). Multiple linear regression models assessed whether high versus mid (reference) ΔHR predicted a larger reduction in SBP (primary outcome) and whether there was an association between treatment-related reductions in SBP and HB. RESULTS A high versus mid ΔHR predicted improvement in SBP (adjusted estimate, 5.8 [95% CI, 1.0-10.5] mm Hg). Independently, a greater treatment-related reduction in HB was significantly associated with larger reductions in SBP (4.2 [95% CI, 0.9-7.5] mm Hg per 2 SD treatment-related reduction in HB). Participants with substantial versus minimal treatment-related reductions in HB had a 6.5 (95% CI, 2.5-10.4) mm Hg drop in SBP. CONCLUSIONS A high ΔHR predicted a more favorable BP response to therapy. Furthermore, the magnitude of the reduction in BP was partly explained by a greater reduction in HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Messineo
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Scott A Sands
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Christopher Schmickl
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of California San Diego (C.S., A.M.)
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Wen-Hsin Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Neda Esmaeili
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Daniel Vena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Laura Gell
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Nicole Calianese
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of California San Diego (C.S., A.M.)
| | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Andrew Wellman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Ali Azarbarzin
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
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Storlund RL, Rosen DAS, Haulena M, Sanatani S, Vander Zaag J, Trites AW. Ultrasound images of the ascending aorta of anesthetized northern fur seals and Steller sea lions confirm that the aortic bulb maintains continuous blood flow. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2024; 341:458-469. [PMID: 38409932 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The increased size and enhanced compliance of the aortic bulb-the enlargement of the ascending aorta-are believed to maintain blood flow in pinnipeds during extended periods of diastole induced by diving bradycardia. The aortic bulb has been described ex vivo in several species of pinnipeds, but in vivo measurements are needed to investigate the relationship between structure and function. We obtained ultrasound images using electrocardiogram-gated transesophageal echocardiography during anesthesia and after atropine administration to assess the relationship between aortic bulb anatomy and cardiac function (heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output) in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). We observed that the aortic bulb in northern fur seals and Steller sea lions expands during systole and recoils over the entire diastolic period indicating that blood flow is maintained throughout the entire cardiac cycle as expected. The stroke volumes we measured in the fur seals and sea lions fit the values predicted based on body size in mammals and did not change with increased heart rates, suggesting that greater stroke volumes are not needed for aortic bulb function. Overall, our results suggest that peripheral vasoconstriction during diving is sufficient to modulate the volume of blood in the aortic bulb to ensure that flow lasts over the entire diastolic period. These results indicate that the shift of blood into the aortic bulb of pinnipeds is a fundamental mechanism caused by vasoconstriction while diving, highlighting the importance of this unique anatomical adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea L Storlund
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David A S Rosen
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- Division of Cardiology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica Vander Zaag
- Division of Cardiology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew W Trites
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wang N, Von Huben A, Marschner S, Nelson MR, Nolde JM, Schlaich MP, Figtree G, Hillis GS, Usherwood T, Reid CM, Chalmers J, Jansen S, Atkins ER, Billot L, Chow C, Rodgers A. Therapeutic Inertia With Initial Low-Dose Quadruple Combination Therapy for Hypertension: Results From the QUARTET Trial. Hypertension 2024; 81:1087-1094. [PMID: 38477128 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose combinations are a promising intervention for improving blood pressure (BP) control but their effects on therapeutic inertia are uncertain. METHODS Analysis of 591 patients randomized to an ultra-low-dose quadruple pill or initial monotherapy. The episode of therapeutic inertia was defined as a patient visit with a BP of >140/90 mm Hg without intensification of antihypertensive treatment. We compared the frequency of therapeutic inertia episodes between Quadpill and initial monotherapy as a proportion of the total population (intention-to-treat analysis with the denominator being all participants randomized) and as a proportion of people with uncontrolled BP (with the denominator being participants with uncontrolled BP). RESULTS Therapeutic inertia occurred in fewer participants randomized to Quadpill compared with monotherapy. For example, among the 390 participants with a 6-month follow-up, therapeutic inertia according to unattended BP was 21/192 (11%) versus 45/192 (23%), P=0.002. There were similar rates of therapeutic inertia among those with uncontrolled unattended BP in each group (all P>0.4). Consistent observations were seen with the use of attended office BP measures. The major determinants of not intensifying treatment during follow-up were BP readings that were close to target and large improvements in BP compared with the previous visit. CONCLUSIONS Among all treated individuals, low-dose Quadpill reduced the number of therapeutic inertia episodes compared with initial monotherapy. After the first follow-up visit, most high BP values did not lead to treatment intensification in both groups. Education is needed about the importance of treatment intensification despite a significant improvement in BP or BP being close to target. REGISTRATION URL: https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=ACTRN12616001144404; Unique identifier: ACTRN12616001144404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney (N.W., A.R., T.U., J.C., E.R.A., L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (N.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (N.W.)
| | - Amy Von Huben
- MBiostats, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics (A.V.H.)
| | - Simone Marschner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Applied Research Centre (S.M., T.U., C.R., C.C.), The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania (M.R.N.)
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia (J.M.N., M.P.S.)
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia (J.M.N., M.P.S.)
| | - Gemma Figtree
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital (G.F.), The University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney (N.W., A.R., T.U., J.C., E.R.A., L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Applied Research Centre (S.M., T.U., C.R., C.C.), The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Applied Research Centre (S.M., T.U., C.R., C.C.), The University of Sydney, Australia
- Research & Data Analytics Hub, School of Population Health, Curtin University (C.M.R.)
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney (N.W., A.R., T.U., J.C., E.R.A., L.B.)
| | - Shirley Jansen
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA (S.J.)
| | - Emily R Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney (N.W., A.R., T.U., J.C., E.R.A., L.B.)
| | - Laurent Billot
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney (N.W., A.R., T.U., J.C., E.R.A., L.B.)
| | - Clara Chow
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Applied Research Centre (S.M., T.U., C.R., C.C.), The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney (N.W., A.R., T.U., J.C., E.R.A., L.B.)
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Huang JH, Lin YK, Hsieh MH, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Ventricular response as a predictor of the termination of sustained paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2024. [PMID: 38630938 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained atrial arrhythmia. Accurate detection of the timing and possibility of AF termination is vital for optimizing rhythm and rate control strategies. The present study evaluated whether the ventricular response (VR) in AF offers a distinctive electrocardiographic indicator for predicting AF termination. METHODS Patients experiencing sustained paroxysmal AF for more than 3 h were observed using 24-h ambulatory Holter monitoring. VR within 5 min before AF termination (VR 0-5 min, BAFT) was compared with VR observed during the 60th to 65th min (VR 60-65 min, BAFT) and the 120th to 125th min (VR 120-125 min, BAFT) before AF termination. Maximum and minimum VRs were calculated on the basis of the average of the highest and lowest VRs across 10 consecutive heartbeats. RESULTS Data from 37 episodes of paroxysmal AF revealed that the minimum VR0-5 min, BAFT (64 ± 20 bpm) was significantly faster than both the minimum VR120-125 min, BAFT (56 ± 15 bpm) and the minimum VR60-65 min, BAFT (57 ± 16 bpm, p < .05). Similarly, the maximum VR0-5 min, BAFT (158 ± 49 bpm) was significantly faster than the maximum VR120-125 min, BAFT (148 ± 45 bpm, p < .05). In the daytime, the minimum VR0-5 min, BAFT (66 ± 20 bpm) was significantly faster than both the minimum VR60-65 min, BAFT (58 ± 17 bpm) and minimum VR120-125 min, BAFT (57 ± 15 bpm, p < .05). However, the mean and maximum VR0-5 min, BAFT in the daytime were similar to the mean and maximum VR120-125 min in the daytime, respectively. At night, the minimum, mean, and maximum VR0-5 min, BAFT were similar to the minimum, mean, and maximum VR120-125 min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Elevated VR rates during AF episodes may be predictors for the termination of AF, especially during the daytime and in patients with nondilated left atria. These findings may guide the development of clinical approaches to rhythm control in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hung Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiung Hsieh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Choi JI, Park YM, Oh YS, Kim JB, Han S, Park JS, On YK, Choi KJ, Hwang GS, Lee MH, Shin DG, Kim NH, Kim DK, Namgung J, Kim DH, Park HW, Park HC, Choi EK, Rhee KS, Shin SY, Kim YH. Efficacy and safety of once-daily carvedilol in atrial fibrillation patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02384-1. [PMID: 38621497 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Il Choi
- Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;.
| | - Yae Min Park
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seog Oh
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Bae Kim
- Kyunghee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwook Han
- Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Moon-Hyoung Lee
- Yonsei Medical Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Shin
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Ho Kim
- Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyeong Kim
- Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - June Namgung
- Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeok Kim
- Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Park
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kyoung Suk Rhee
- Chonbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;.
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Carpenter JK, Pineles SL, Griffin MG, Werner K, Resick PA, Galovski TE. Effect of PTSD treatment on cardiovascular reactivity during trauma memory recall and correspondence with symptom improvement. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2335865. [PMID: 38597201 PMCID: PMC11008309 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2335865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: Prior research has shown PTSD treatment leads to reductions in cardiovascular reactivity during trauma recall, but the extent to which such reductions are associated with changes in PTSD symptoms is less clear. Moreover, such relationships have not been investigated in a cognitively focused PTSD treatment.Objective: To examine changes in cardiovascular reactivity to the trauma memory in patients receiving cognitive processing therapy (CPT), CPT with a written trauma account, and a written account only condition. We also examined the association of such changes with symptom improvement.Method: 118 women with PTSD secondary to interpersonal violence completed pre- and post-treatment assessments of PTSD symptoms and cardiovascular reactivity during a script-driven imagery task.Results: Results indicated a significant but modest reduction in cardiovascular reactivity in CPT conditions. Changes in cardiovascular reactivity and reexperiencing symptoms were significantly associated among the whole sample. Among individuals with the greatest reactivity to the trauma memory at pretreatment, associations were also seen with changes in total PTSD, numbing, and trauma-related guilt.Conclusions: Results indicate that previous findings on the effect of PTSD treatment on cardiovascular reactivity during trauma recall extend to cognitively oriented treatment. Baseline cardiovascular reactivity may influence the extent to which reductions in PTSD symptoms and reactivity during trauma recall are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. Carpenter
- National Center for PTSD, Women’s Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Pineles
- National Center for PTSD, Women’s Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael G. Griffin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kimberly Werner
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia A. Resick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tara E. Galovski
- National Center for PTSD, Women’s Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Dore R, Sentis SC, Johann K, Lopez-Alcantara N, Resch J, Chandrasekar A, Müller-Fielitz H, Moeller LC, Fuehrer D, Schwaninger M, Obermayer B, Opitz R, Mittag J. Partial Resistance to Thyroid Hormone-Induced Tachycardia and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice Lacking Thyroid Hormone Receptor β. Thyroid 2024. [PMID: 38526409 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones regulate cardiac functions mainly through direct actions in the heart and by binding to the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms α1 and β. While the role of the most abundantly expressed isoform, TRα1, is widely studied and well characterized, the role of TRβ in regulating heart functions is still poorly understood, primarily due to the accompanying elevation of circulating thyroid hormone in TRβ knockout mice (TRβ-KO). However, their hyperthyroidism is ameliorated at thermoneutrality, which allows studying the role of TRβ without this confounding factor. Methods: Here, we noninvasively monitored heart rate in TRβ-KO mice over several days using radiotelemetry at different housing temperatures (22°C and 30°C) and upon 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) administration in comparison to wild-type animals. Results: TRβ-KO mice displayed normal average heart rate at both 22°C and 30°C with only minor changes in heart rate frequency distribution, which was confirmed by independent electrocardiogram recordings in freely-moving conscious mice. Parasympathetic nerve activity was, however, impaired in TRβ-KO mice at 22°C, and only partly rescued at 30°C. As expected, oral treatment with pharmacological doses of T3 at 30°C led to tachycardia in wild-types, accompanied by broader heart rate frequency distribution and increased heart weight. The TRβ-KO mice, in contrast, showed blunted tachycardia, as well as resistance to changes in heart rate frequency distribution and heart weight. At the molecular level, these observations were paralleled by a blunted cardiac mRNA induction of several important genes, including the pacemaker channels Hcn2 and Hcn4, as well as Kcna7. Conclusions: The phenotyping of TRβ-KO mice conducted at thermoneutrality allows novel insights on the role of TRβ in cardiac functions in the absence of the usual confounding hyperthyroidism. Even though TRβ is expressed at lower levels than TRα1 in the heart, our findings demonstrate an important role for this isoform in the cardiac response to thyroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dore
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Christine Sentis
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nuria Lopez-Alcantara
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Akila Chandrasekar
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lars Christian Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fuehrer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Madsen J, Parra LC. Bidirectional brain-body interactions during natural story listening. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114081. [PMID: 38581682 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Narratives can synchronize neural and physiological signals between individuals, but the relationship between these signals, and the underlying mechanism, is unclear. We hypothesized a top-down effect of cognition on arousal and predicted that auditory narratives will drive not only brain signals but also peripheral physiological signals. We find that auditory narratives entrained gaze variation, saccade initiation, pupil size, and heart rate. This is consistent with a top-down effect of cognition on autonomic function. We also hypothesized a bottom-up effect, whereby autonomic physiology affects arousal. Controlled breathing affected pupil size, and heart rate was entrained by controlled saccades. Additionally, fluctuations in heart rate preceded fluctuations of pupil size and brain signals. Gaze variation, pupil size, and heart rate were all associated with anterior-central brain signals. Together, these results suggest bidirectional causal effects between peripheral autonomic function and central brain circuits involved in the control of arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Madsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Lucas C Parra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
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9
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Dilrukshi EAC, Ogino T, Ishikawa M, Kuroda H, Nomura S. Assessing the usability of aromatic mouthwashes in alleviating physiological stress responses. Front Oral Health 2024; 5:1343937. [PMID: 38638174 PMCID: PMC11024226 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1343937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mouthwashes play a pivotal role in oral care, and their efficacy has been explored extensively across various dimensions. As a contribution to the development of novel oral care products, this study aims to investigate the psychophysiological effects of aromatic mouthwashes during the resilience period from a short-term cognitive stressor utilizing biological signals and subjective evaluations. Methods A within-participant experimental design with 22 healthy females was conducted with four mouthwashes; peppermint (Mint), peppermint + bergamot (MB), peppermint + sweet orange (MO), and peppermint + lavender (ML), and water as the control (Ctl), after a 20-min calculation task. Subjective evaluations and physiological responses including skin conductance level and electrocardiogram were recorded throughout the experiment. Results Citrus mouthwashes (MO and MB) showed a greater decrease in heart rate and a significant increase in the high-frequency component of heart rate variability. The participants indicated a significant effect in terms of "flavor preference" and "refreshing sensation" for mouthwash use compared to the Ctl. Conclusion The results suggest that rinsing with citrus-flavored mouthwashes has a positive impact in alleviating the physiological stress response (in terms of cardiac activity). These findings may have implications for the development of innovative, novel oral care products that promote stress reduction and improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Chayani Dilrukshi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - Tatsuki Ogino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Kuroda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nomura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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10
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Sun F, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Bai Z, Yu J, Liu X, Zhao Q, Li X, Bao J. Emotional "Contagion" in Piglets after Sensory Avoidance of Rewarding and Punishing Treatment. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1110. [PMID: 38612349 PMCID: PMC11011006 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pig farming industry, it is recommended to avoid groups when treating individuals to reduce adverse reactions in the group. However, can this eliminate the adverse effects effectively? Piglets were assigned to the Rewarding Group (RG), the Punishing Group (PG), and the Paired Control Group (PCG). There were six replicates in each group, with two paired piglets per replicate. One piglet of the RG and PG was randomly selected as the Treated pig (TP), treated with food rewards or electric shock, and the other as the Naive pig (NP). The NPs in the RG and PG were unaware of the treatment process, and piglets in the PCG were not treated. The behavior and heart rate changes of all piglets were recorded. Compared to the RG, the NPs in the PG showed longer proximity but less contact behavior, and the TPs in the PG showed more freezing behavior. The percentage change in heart rate of the NPs was synchronized with the TPs. This shows that after sensory avoidance, the untreated pigs could also feel the emotions of their peers and their emotional state was affected by their peers, and the negative emotions in the pigs lasted longer than the positive emotions. The avoidance process does not prevent the transfer of negative emotions to peers via emotional contagion from the stimulated pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xuesong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Fang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yuhan Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ziyu Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
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11
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Bultmann CR, Qiu J, Belmonte B, Fairchild KD, Sullivan BA. Heart rate and oxygen saturation patterns in very low birth weight infants with early onset sepsis and histologic chorioamnionitis. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2024:NPM230093. [PMID: 38578905 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chorioamnionitis and early onset sepsis (EOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW,< 1500 g) infants may cause a systemic inflammatory response reflected in patterns of heart rate (HR) and oxygenation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2). Identification of these patterns might inform decisions about duration of antibiotic therapy after birth. OBJECTIVE Compare early HR and SpO2 patterns in VLBW infants with or without early onset sepsis (EOS) or histologic chorioamnionitis (HC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study of placental pathology and HR and SpO2 in the first 72 h from birth in relation to EOS status for inborn VLBW NICU patients 2012-2019. RESULT Among 362 VLBW infants with HR and SpO2 data available, clinical, or culture-positive EOS occurred in 91/362 (25%) and HC in 81/355 (22%). In univariate analysis, EOS was associated with higher mean HR, lower mean SpO2, and less negative skewness of HR in the first 3 days after birth. HC was associated with higher standard deviation and skewness of HR but no difference in SpO2. In multivariable modeling, significant risk factors for EOS were mean HR, gestational age, HC, mean SpO2, and skewness of SpO2. CONCLUSION HR and SpO2 patterns differ shortly after birth in VLBW infants exposed to HC or with EOS, likely reflecting a systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaxang Qiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Briana Belmonte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karen D Fairchild
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brynne A Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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12
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Rodríguez NA, Patel N, Dariolli R, Ng S, Aleman AG, Gong JQ, Lin HM, Rodríguez M, Josowitz R, Sol-Church K, Gripp KW, Lin X, Song SC, Fishman GI, Sobie EA, Gelb BD. HRAS-Mutant Cardiomyocyte Model of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2024; 17:e012022. [PMID: 38415356 PMCID: PMC11021157 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline HRAS gain-of-function pathogenic variants cause Costello syndrome (CS). During early childhood, 50% of patients develop multifocal atrial tachycardia, a treatment-resistant tachyarrhythmia of unknown pathogenesis. This study investigated how overactive HRAS activity triggers arrhythmogenesis in atrial-like cardiomyocytes (ACMs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells bearing CS-associated HRAS variants. METHODS HRAS Gly12 mutations were introduced into a human-induced pluripotent stem cells-ACM reporter line. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from patients with CS exhibiting tachyarrhythmia. Calcium transients and action potentials were assessed in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ACMs. Automated patch clamping assessed funny currents. HCN inhibitors targeted pacemaker-like activity in mutant ACMs. Transcriptomic data were analyzed via differential gene expression and gene ontology. Immunoblotting evaluated protein expression associated with calcium handling and pacemaker-nodal expression. RESULTS ACMs harboring HRAS variants displayed higher beating rates compared with healthy controls. The hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel inhibitor ivabradine and the Nav1.5 blocker flecainide significantly decreased beating rates in mutant ACMs, whereas voltage-gated calcium channel 1.2 blocker verapamil attenuated their irregularity. Electrophysiological assessment revealed an increased number of pacemaker-like cells with elevated funny current densities among mutant ACMs. Mutant ACMs demonstrated elevated gene expression (ie, ISL1, TBX3, TBX18) related to intracellular calcium homeostasis, heart rate, RAS signaling, and induction of pacemaker-nodal-like transcriptional programming. Immunoblotting confirmed increased protein levels for genes of interest and suppressed MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) activity in mutant ACMs. CONCLUSIONS CS-associated gain-of-function HRASG12 mutations in induced pluripotent stem cells-derived ACMs trigger transcriptional changes associated with enhanced automaticity and arrhythmic activity consistent with multifocal atrial tachycardia. This is the first human-induced pluripotent stem cell model establishing the mechanistic basis for multifocal atrial tachycardia in CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson A. Rodríguez
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nihir Patel
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Dept of Pharmacological Sciences & Systems Biology Ctr New York, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Simon Ng
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Angelika G. Aleman
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jingqi Q.X. Gong
- Dept of Pharmacological Sciences & Systems Biology Ctr New York, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hung-Mo Lin
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (YCAS), New Haven, CT
| | - Matthew Rodríguez
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca Josowitz
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Dept of Pathology, Univ of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Karen W. Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics; Al duPont Hospital for Children/Nemours, Wilmington, DE
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology; New York Univ School of Medicine
| | - Soomin C. Song
- Ion Lab, Dept of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Glenn I. Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology; New York Univ School of Medicine
| | - Eric A. Sobie
- Dept of Pharmacological Sciences & Systems Biology Ctr New York, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Depts of Pediatrics & Genetics and Genomic Sciences; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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13
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Zhu T, Chen Q, Chen H, You L, Liu D, Zhang X, Li F, Wu H, Tang J, Lin D, Sun K, Yan L, Ren M. Independent and interactive associations of heart rate and obesity with type 2 diabetes mellites: A population-based study. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13529. [PMID: 38599825 PMCID: PMC11006609 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although obesity and heart rate (HR) were closely related to the prevalence and development of type 2 diabetes mllitus (T2DM), few studies have shown a co-association effect of them on T2DM. We aimed at assessing the interactive effects of HR and obesity with prevalence of T2DM in Chinese population, providing the exact cutpoint of the risk threshold for blood glucose with high HR. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal study (REACTION) cohorts (N = 8398), the relationship between HR and T2DM was explored by linear regression, logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Interaction terms between HR and body mass index (BMI) and HR and waist circumference (WC) were introduced into the logistic regression model. RESULTS In those with HR > 88.0 beats/min, fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests were significantly correlated with HR, and the prevalence of T2DM was highly correlated with HR (all p < .05). There were interactive associations of HR and obesity in patients with T2DM with HR < 74 beats/min. CONCLUSION High HR was in interaction with obesity, associating with prevalence of T2DM. The newly subdivided risk threshold for HR with T2DM might be HR > 88 beats/minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qingyu Chen
- Health Examination Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lili You
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongshi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Juying Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Diaozhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Klaey-Tassone M, Soussignan R, Durand K, Roy SL, Damon F, Villière A, Fillonneau C, Prost C, Patris B, Sagot P, Schaal B. Testing detectability, attractivity, hedonic specificity, extractability, and robustness of colostrum odor-Toward an olfactory bioassay for human neonates. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22474. [PMID: 38419350 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Human milk odor is attractive and appetitive for human newborns. Here, we studied behavioral and heart-rate (HR) responses of 2-day-old neonates to the odor of human colostrum. To evaluate detection in two conditions of stimulus delivery, we first presented the odor of total colostrum against water. Second, the hedonic specificity of total colostrum odor was tested against vanilla odor. Third, we delivered only the fresh effluvium of colostrum separated from the colostrum matrix; the stability of this colostrum effluvium was then tested after deep congelation; finally, after sorptive extraction of fresh colostrum headspace, we assessed the activity of colostrum volatiles eluting from the gas chromatograph (GC). Regardless of the stimulus-delivery method, neonates displayed attraction reactions (HR decrease) as well as appetitive oral responses to the odor of total colostrum but not to vanilla odor. The effluvium separated from the fresh colostrum matrix remained appetitive but appeared labile under deep freezing. Finally, volatiles from fresh colostrum effluvium remained behaviorally active after GC elution, although at lower magnitude. In sum, fresh colostrum effluvium and its eluate elicited a consistent increase in newborns' oral activity (relative to water or vanilla), and they induced shallow HR decrease. Newborns' appetitive oral behavior was the most reproducible response criterion to the effluvium of colostrum. In conclusion, a set of unidentified volatile compounds from human colostrum is robust enough after extraction from the original matrix and chromatographic processing to continue eliciting appetitive responses in neonates, thus opening new directions to isolate and assay specific volatile molecules of colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Klaey-Tassone
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Robert Soussignan
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Karine Durand
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Sarah Le Roy
- Flavour Research Group, MAPS2, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés-Environnement-Agroalimentaire (GEPEA), CNRS (UMR 6144), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Damon
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Angélique Villière
- Flavour Research Group, MAPS2, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés-Environnement-Agroalimentaire (GEPEA), CNRS (UMR 6144), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Fillonneau
- Flavour Research Group, MAPS2, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés-Environnement-Agroalimentaire (GEPEA), CNRS (UMR 6144), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Prost
- Flavour Research Group, MAPS2, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés-Environnement-Agroalimentaire (GEPEA), CNRS (UMR 6144), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Patris
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Sagot
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Biology, University Hospital Dijon and Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Benoist Schaal
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
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15
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Pannone L, Bisignani A, Osei R, Gauthey A, Sorgente A, Monaco C, Della Rocca DG, Del Monte A, Strazdas A, Mojica J, Al Housari M, Miraglia V, Mouram S, Vetta G, Paparella G, Ramak R, Overeinder I, Bala G, Almorad A, Ströker E, Pappaert G, Sieira J, de Ravel T, La Meir M, Sarkozy A, Brugada P, Chierchia GB, Van Dooren S, de Asmundis C. Genetic Testing in Brugada Syndrome: A 30-Year Experience. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2024; 17:e012374. [PMID: 38426305 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.012374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant can be found in 20% to 25% of patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) and a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in SCN5A is associated with a worse prognosis. The aim of this study is to define the diagnostic yield of a large gene panel with American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics variant classification and to assess prognosis of SCN5A and non-SCN5A variants. METHODS All patients with BrS, were prospectively enrolled in the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel registry between 1992 and 2022. Inclusion criteria for the study were (1) BrS diagnosis; (2) genetic analysis performed with a large gene panel; (3) classification of variants following American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Patients with a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in SCN5A were defined as SCN5A+. Patients with a reported variant in a non-SCN5A gene or with no reported variants were defined as patients with SCN5A-. All variants were classified as missense or predicted loss of function. RESULTS A total of 500 BrS patients were analyzed. A total of 104 patients (20.8%) were SCN5A+ and 396 patients (79.2%) were SCN5A-. A non-SCN5A gene variant was found in 75 patients (15.0%), of whom, 58 patients (77.3%) had a missense variant and 17 patients (22.7%) had a predicted loss of function variant. At a follow-up of 84.0 months, 48 patients (9.6%) experienced a ventricular arrhythmia (VA). Patients without any variant had higher VA-free survival, compared with carriers of a predicted loss of function variant in SCN5A+ or non-SCN5A genes. There was no difference in VA-free survival between patients without any variant and missense variant carriers in SCN5A+ or non-SCN5A genes. At Cox analysis, SCN5A+ or non-SCN5A predicted loss of function variant was an independent predictor of VA. CONCLUSIONS In a large BrS cohort, the yield for SCN5A+ is 20.8%. A predicted loss of function variant carrier is an independent predictor of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Pannone
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Antonio Bisignani
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Randy Osei
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics (R.O., T.d.R., S.V.D.)
| | - Anaïs Gauthey
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Antonio Sorgente
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Cinzia Monaco
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Domenico Giovanni Della Rocca
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Alvise Del Monte
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Antanas Strazdas
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Joerelle Mojica
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Maysam Al Housari
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Miraglia
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Sahar Mouram
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Giampaolo Vetta
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Gaetano Paparella
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Robbert Ramak
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Ingrid Overeinder
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Gezim Bala
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Alexandre Almorad
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Erwin Ströker
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Gudrun Pappaert
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Juan Sieira
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Thomy de Ravel
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics (R.O., T.d.R., S.V.D.)
| | - Mark La Meir
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (M.L.M.)
| | - Andrea Sarkozy
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Pedro Brugada
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Gian Battista Chierchia
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
| | - Sonia Van Dooren
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics (R.O., T.d.R., S.V.D.)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (BRIGHTcore), Belgium (S.V.D.)
| | - Carlo de Asmundis
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology & Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart (L.P., A.B., A.G., A. Sorgente, C.M., D.G.D.R., A.D.M., A.S., J.M., M.A.H., V.M., S.M., G.V., G. Paparella, R.R., I.O., G.B., A.A., E.S., G. Pappaert, J.S., A. Sarkozy, P.B., G.B.C., C.d.A.)
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Anil Jalaja A, Kavitha M. Contactless face video based vital signs detection framework for continuous health monitoring using feature optimization and hybrid neural network. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1191-1215. [PMID: 38221763 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of vital signs such as respiration and heart rate is essential to detect and predict conditions that may affect the patient's well-being. To detect these vital signs most medical systems use contact sensors. They are not feasible for long term monitoring and are not repeatable. Vital signs using facial video-noncontact monitoring are becoming increasingly important. Researchers in the last few years although considerable progress has been made, challenging datasets absence timing of assessment process and the technology still has some limitations such as time consuming nature and lack of computer portability. To solve those problems, we propose a contactless video based vital signs detection framework for continuous health monitoring using feature optimization and hybrid neural network. In the proposed technique, modified war strategy optimization algorithm is proposed to segment the face portion from the input video frames. Then, we utilize the known data acquisition models to extract vital signs from the segmented face portions are heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. An improved neural network structure (Lifting Net) is further used to achieve the adaptive extraction of deep hidden features for specific signs, for realizing the high precision of human health monitoring. The Hughes effect or dimensionality issue affects detection accuracy in sign classification when there are fewer training instances relative to the number of spectral features. The problem can be overcome through feature optimization here Northern goshawk optimization algorithm is used to select optimal best features which reduces the data dimensionality issue. Furthermore, hybrid deep ensemble reinforcement learning classifier is proposed for the human vital sign detection and classification which ensures the early detection of patient abnormality. Finally, we validate our framework using benchmark video datasets such as TokyoTechrPPG, PURE and COHFACE. To proves the effectiveness of proposed technique using simulation results and comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Anil Jalaja
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Maruthai Kavitha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy, India
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17
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Darpo B, Connor K, Cabell CH, Grundy JS. Cardiovascular Evaluation of Etrasimod, a Selective Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor Modulator, in Healthy Adults: Results of a Randomized, Thorough QT/QTc Study. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:326-340. [PMID: 38441346 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Etrasimod is an investigational, once-daily, oral, selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1,4,5 modulator used as an oral treatment option for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. This randomized, double-blind, placebo- and positive-controlled, parallel-group, healthy adult study investigated etrasimod's effect on the QT interval and other electrocardiogram parameters. All participants received etrasimod-matched placebo on day 1. Group A received once-daily, multiple ascending doses of etrasimod (2-4 mg) on days 1-14 and moxifloxacin-matched placebo on days 1 and 15. Group B received etrasimod-matched placebo on days 1-14 and either moxifloxacin 400 mg or moxifloxacin-matched placebo on days 1 and 15. The primary analysis was a concentration-QTc analysis using a corrected QT interval by Fridericia (QTcF). The etrasimod concentration-QTc analysis predicted placebo-corrected change from baseline QTcF (ΔΔQTcF) values and associated 90% confidence intervals remained <10 milliseconds over the observed etrasimod plasma concentration range (≤279 ng/mL). Etrasimod was associated with mild, transient, asymptomatic heart rate slowing that was most pronounced on day 1 (2 mg, first dose). The largest-by-time point mean placebo-corrected changes in heart rate from time-matched day -1 baseline (∆∆HR) on days 1, 7 (2 mg, last dose), and 14 (4 mg, last dose) were -15.1, -8.5, and -6.0 bpm, respectively. Etrasimod's effects on PR interval were small, with the largest least squares mean placebo-corrected change from baseline in PR interval (∆∆PR) being 6.6 milliseconds. No episodes of atrioventricular block were observed. Thus, multiple ascending doses of etrasimod were not associated with clinically relevant QT/QTc effects in healthy adults and only had a mild, transient, and asymptomatic impact on heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher H Cabell
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - John S Grundy
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Beevor HJ, Ginty AT, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Williams SE. Mastery imagery ability moderates the relationship between heart rate reactivity to acute psychological stress and perceptions of stress and physiological arousal. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14486. [PMID: 37973366 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Imagery has been associated with cardiovascular and psychological responses to stress; however, the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. The present study examined if the ability to image mastering challenging or difficult situations moderated the relationship between heart rate reactivity and perceptions of stress and physiological arousal experienced during acute stress. Four hundred and fifty-eight participants completed a standardized laboratory stress protocol with heart rate being measured throughout. After completing an acute psychological stress task, participants rated how stressed and physiologically aroused they felt (i.e., intensity) and whether they perceived the stress and physiological arousal as being helpful/unhelpful to performance (i.e., interpretation). Mastery imagery ability was assessed by questionnaire. Moderation analyses controlling for gender demonstrated that imagery ability moderated the relationship between heart rate reactivity and interpretation of stress (β = 0.015, p = .003) and perceived physiological arousal (β = 0.013, p = .004). Simple slope analysis indicated that in those with higher imagery ability, heart rate reactivity was associated with stress and arousal being perceived as more positive toward performance. Imagery ability did not moderate the relationship between heart rate reactivity and perceived stress intensity or physiological arousal intensity (p's > .05), but imagery ability did predict lower perceived stress intensity (β = -0.217, p < .001) and perceived physiological arousal intensity (β = -0.172, p < .001). Higher mastery imagery ability may possibly help individuals perceive responses to stress as more beneficial for performance and thus be an effective coping technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Beevor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Demirjian S, Bakaeen F, Tang WHW, Donaldson C, Taliercio J, Huml A, Gadegbeku CA, Gillinov AM, Insler S. Hemodynamic Determinants of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Crit Care Explor 2024; 6:e1063. [PMID: 38533295 PMCID: PMC10962899 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the: 1) relative role of hemodynamic determinants of acute kidney injury (AKI) obtained in the immediate postcardiac surgery setting compared with established risk factors, 2) their predictive value, and 3) extent mediation via central venous pressure (CVP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). DESIGN Retrospective observational study. The main outcome of the study was moderate to severe AKI, per kidney disease: improving global outcomes, within 14 days of surgery. SETTING U.S. academic medical center. PATIENTS Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery between January 2000 and December 2019 (n = 40,426) in a single U.S.-based medical center. Pulmonary artery catheter measurements were performed at a median of 102 minutes (11, 132) following cardiopulmonary bypass discontinuation. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The median age of the cohort was 67 years (58, 75), and 33% were female; 70% had chronic hypertension, 29% had congestive heart failure, and 3% had chronic kidney disease. In a multivariable model, which included comorbidities and traditional intraoperative risk factors, CVP (p < 0.0001), heart rate (p < 0.0001), cardiac index (p < 0.0001), and MAP (p < 0.0001), were strong predictors of AKI, and superseded factors such as surgery type and cardiopulmonary bypass duration. The cardiac index had a significant interaction with heart rate (p = 0.026); a faster heart rate had a differentiating effect on the relationship of cardiac index with AKI, where a higher heart rate heightened the risk of AKI primarily in patients with low cardiac output. There was also significant interaction observed between CVP and MAP (p = 0.009); where the combination of elevated CVP and low MAP had a synergistic effect on AKI incidence. CONCLUSIONS Hemodynamic factors measured within a few hours of surgery showed a strong association with AKI. Furthermore, determinants of kidney perfusion, namely CVP and arterial pressure are interdependent; as are constituents of stroke volume, that is, cardiac output and heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Demirjian
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Faisal Bakaeen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Chase Donaldson
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jon Taliercio
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Anne Huml
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - A Marc Gillinov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Steven Insler
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Mesquita T, Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Cingolani E. Biological Pacemakers: Present and Future. Circ Res 2024; 134:837-841. [PMID: 38547251 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thassio Mesquita
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Eugenio Cingolani
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Zhou F, Luo B, Zou X, Zou C, Wu D, Wang Z, Bai Y, Zhao M. A Wearable Sandwich Heterostructure Multimode Fiber Optic Microbend Sensor for Vital Signal Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2209. [PMID: 38610420 PMCID: PMC11014310 DOI: 10.3390/s24072209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This work proposes a highly sensitive sandwich heterostructure multimode optical fiber microbend sensor for heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and ballistocardiography (BCG) monitoring, which is fabricated by combining a sandwich heterostructure multimode fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SHMF-MZI) with a microbend deformer. The parameters of the SHMF-MZI sensor and the microbend deformer were analyzed and optimized in detail, and then the new encapsulated method of the wearable device was put forward. The proposed wearable sensor could greatly enhance the response to the HR signal. The performances for HR, RR, and BCG monitoring were as good as those of the medically approved commercial monitors. The sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, easy fabrication, and good stability, providing the potential for application in the field of daily supervision and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (F.Z.); (C.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Binbin Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (F.Z.); (C.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xue Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (F.Z.); (C.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (M.Z.)
- School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Chaoke Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (F.Z.); (C.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Decao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (F.Z.); (C.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (F.Z.); (C.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yunfang Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (F.Z.); (C.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mingfu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (F.Z.); (C.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (M.Z.)
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22
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Sun J, Bian X, Li M. Non-Contact Heart Rate Monitoring Method Based on Wi-Fi CSI Signal. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2111. [PMID: 38610322 PMCID: PMC11013971 DOI: 10.3390/s24072111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative non-contact heart rate monitoring method based on Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI). This approach integrates both amplitude and phase information of the CSI signal through rotational projection, aiming to optimize the accuracy of heart rate estimation in home environments. We develop a frequency domain subcarrier selection algorithm based on Heartbeat to subcomponent ratio (HSR) and design a complete set of signal filtering and subcarrier selection processes to further enhance the accuracy of heart rate estimation. Heart rate estimation is conducted by combining the peak frequencies of multiple subcarriers. Extensive experimental validations demonstrate that our method exhibits exceptional performance under various environmental conditions. The experimental results show that our subcarrier selection method for heart rate estimation achieves an average accuracy of 96.8%, with a median error of only 0.8 bpm, representing an approximately 20% performance improvement over existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncong Sun
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.S.); (X.B.)
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Bian
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.S.); (X.B.)
| | - Mingqi Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.S.); (X.B.)
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23
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Pacheco JA, Molena KF, Veiga EV. Photobiomodulation for Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Reduction in Mastectomized Women on Hormone Blockers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024. [PMID: 38530295 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the impact of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) on the primitive carotid artery (PCA) hemodynamic variables, specifically blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), in mastectomized patients undergoing hormone blocker treatments. Materials and methods: This study is a controlled, experimental, and randomized clinical trial. Patients were allocated into two groups: the experimental group (G1)-patients who received ILIB therapy using a 660 nm laser targeted at the PCA, and the control group (G2)-patients who did not receive ILIB therapy. Clinical research was conducted weekly, with measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HR. The Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples was used, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Systemic photobiomodulation on the PCA did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in relation to SBP and DBP. However, for HR, the p-value was <0.05, indicating a significant difference between G1 and G2. The initial mean p > decreased from 142.3 to 116.4 mmHg in G1, and from 130.4 to 119.8 mmHg in G2. The DBP varied from 78.8 to 72.8 mmHg in G1, and from 79.1 to 74.2 mmHg in G2. A statistically significant difference was observed in HR, decreasing from 81.3 to 62.06 bpm in G1, and changing minimally from 74.1 to 75.1 bpm in G2. A considerable reduction was present in the timing of application. Conclusions: ILIB therapy applied to the PCA induces a reduction in BP and, more notably, HR in mastectomized women using the tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Abreu Pacheco
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, Postgraduate Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Cancer Hospital, Sobeccan Hospital Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelly Fernanda Molena
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Velludo Veiga
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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24
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Jüres F, Kaufmann C, Riesel A, Grützmann R, Heinzel S, Elsner B, Bey K, Wagner M, Kathmann N, Klawohn J. Heart rate and heart rate variability in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence from patients and unaffected first-degree relatives. Biol Psychol 2024:108786. [PMID: 38531496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Altered heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are common observations in psychiatric disorders. Yet, few studies have examined these cardiac measures in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The current study aimed to investigate HR and HRV, indexed by the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and further time domain indices, as putative biological characteristics of OCD. Electrocardiogram was recorded during a five-minute resting state. Group differences between patients with OCD (n = 96), healthy participants (n = 112), and unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with OCD (n = 47) were analyzed. As a potential moderators of group differences, we examined the influence of age and medication, respectively. As results indicated, patients with OCD showed higher HR and lower HRV compared to healthy participants. These group differences were not moderated by age. Importantly, subgroup analyses showed that only medicated patients displayed lower HRV compared to healthy individuals, while HR alterations were evident in unmedicated patients. Regarding unaffected first-degree relatives, group differences in HRV remained at trend level. Further, an age-moderated group differentiation showed that higher HRV distinguished relatives from healthy individuals in young adulthood, whereas at higher age lower HRV was indicative of relatives. Both the role of familial risk and medication in HRV alterations need further elucidation. Pending future studies, alterations in HR and potentially HRV might serve as useful indices to characterize the pathophysiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Jüres
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Kaufmann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Psychology, Germany
| | - Rosa Grützmann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany; MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology, Germany
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Education and Psychology, Germany; TU Dortmund University, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Björn Elsner
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Bey
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Klawohn
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany; MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Medicine, Germany
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25
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Bradshaw J, Fu X, Richards JE. Infant sustained attention differs by context and social content in the first 2 years of life. Dev Sci 2024:e13500. [PMID: 38499474 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Sustained attention (SA) is an endogenous form of attention that emerges in infancy and reflects cognitive engagement and processing. SA is critical for learning and has been measured using different methods during screen-based and interactive contexts involving social and nonsocial stimuli. How SA differs by measurement method, context, and stimuli across development in infancy is not fully understood. This 2-year longitudinal study examines attention using one measure of overall looking behavior and three measures of SA-mean look duration, percent time in heart rate-defined SA, and heart rate change during SA-in N = 53 infants from 1 to 24 months across four unique task conditions: social videos, nonsocial videos, social interactions (face-to-face play), and nonsocial interactions (toy engagement). Results suggest that developmental changes in attention differ by measurement method, task context (screen or interaction), and task stimulus (social or nonsocial). During social interactions, overall looking and look durations declined after age 3-4 months, whereas heart rate-defined attention measures remained stable. All SA measures were greater for videos than for live interaction conditions throughout the first 6 months, but SA to social and nonsocial stimuli within each task context were equivalent. In the second year of life, SA measured with look durations was greater for social videos compared to other conditions, heart rate-defined SA was greater for social videos compared to nonsocial interactions, and heart rate change during SA was similar across conditions. Together, these results suggest that different measures of attention to social and nonsocial stimuli may reflect unique developmental processes and are important to compare and consider together, particularly when using infant attention as a marker of typical or atypical development. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Attention measure, context, and social content uniquely differentiate developmental trajectories of attention in the first 2 years of life. Overall looking to caregivers during dyadic social interactions declines significantly from 4 to 6 months of age while sustained attention (SA) to caregivers remains stable. Heart rate-defined SA generally differentiates stimulus context where infants show greater SA while watching videos than while engaging with toys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bradshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Carolina Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Fu
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - John E Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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26
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Bruin J, Stuldreher IV, Perone P, Hogenelst K, Naber M, Kamphuis W, Brouwer AM. Detection of arousal and valence from facial expressions and physiological responses evoked by different types of stressors. Front Neuroergon 2024; 5:1338243. [PMID: 38559665 PMCID: PMC10978716 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2024.1338243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Automatically detecting mental state such as stress from video images of the face could support evaluating stress responses in applicants for high risk jobs or contribute to timely stress detection in challenging operational settings (e.g., aircrew, command center operators). Challenges in automatically estimating mental state include the generalization of models across contexts and across participants. We here aim to create robust models by training them using data from different contexts and including physiological features. Fifty-one participants were exposed to different types of stressors (cognitive, social evaluative and startle) and baseline variants of the stressors. Video, electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and self-reports (arousal and valence) were recorded. Logistic regression models aimed to classify between high and low arousal and valence across participants, where "high" and "low" were defined relative to the center of the rating scale. Accuracy scores of different models were evaluated: models trained and tested within a specific context (either a baseline or stressor variant of a task), intermediate context (baseline and stressor variant of a task), or general context (all conditions together). Furthermore, for these different model variants, only the video data was included, only the physiological data, or both video and physiological data. We found that all (video, physiological and video-physio) models could successfully distinguish between high- and low-rated arousal and valence, though performance tended to be better for (1) arousal than valence, (2) specific context than intermediate and general contexts, (3) video-physio data than video or physiological data alone. Automatic feature selection resulted in inclusion of 3-20 features, where the models based on video-physio data usually included features from video, ECG and EDA. Still, performance of video-only models approached the performance of video-physio models. Arousal and valence ratings by three experienced human observers scores based on part of the video data did not match with self-reports. In sum, we showed that it is possible to automatically monitor arousal and valence even in relatively general contexts and better than humans can (in the given circumstances), and that non-contact video images of faces capture an important part of the information, which has practical advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bruin
- TNO Human Factors, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - Ivo V. Stuldreher
- TNO Human Factors, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - Paola Perone
- TNO Human Factors, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - Koen Hogenelst
- TNO Human Factors, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - Marnix Naber
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wim Kamphuis
- TNO Human Factors, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Brouwer
- TNO Human Factors, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Soesterberg, Netherlands
- Artificial Intelligence, Donders Centre, Faculty of Social Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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27
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Almeida BA, Morales AP, Ribeiro JRC, Ribeiro YG, Sampaio-Jorge F, Barth T, Ribeiro BG. Impact of Caffeine Intake Strategies on Heart Rate Variability During Post-Exercise Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:CCR-EPUB-139183. [PMID: 38494935 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x289842240307114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the influence of caffeine (CAF) intake strategies, taking into account their form, timing, and dosage, on heart rate variability (HRV) indices in the post-exercise recovery period. METHODS The meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023425885). A comprehensive literature search was carried out across MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, and SCOPUS, concluding in May 2023. We concentrated on randomized clinical trials comparing CAF supplementation effects to placebo on HRV indices post-exercise in active adults aged 18 and above. The primary endpoint was the assessment of HRV indices, measured both prior to and following exercise. RESULTS Of the 10 studies included, 7 were used for the meta-analysis, and all contributed to the systematic review. The research explored a variety of CAF strategies, spanning different forms (capsule, drink, gum), times (10, 45, 60 min) and doses (2.1 to 6.0 mg/kg). The outcomes revealed no substantial variations between the placebo and CAF conditions in terms of both the square root of the average of successive squared differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.03, 95% CI -0.265 to 0.197, p=0.77) and high frequency (HF) index (SMD -0.061, 95% CI -0.272 to 0.150, p=0.57). Furthermore, metaregression analysis, employing a fixed-effects model and accounting for the administered CAF doses, revealed no significant correlation between caffeine doses and HRV indices (p>0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, there is moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that different CAF intake strategies, encompassing aspects such as form, time, and dose, do not have a significant impact on HRV indices recovery post-exercise (i.e., vagal modulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Araujo Almeida
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Anderson Pontes Morales
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Yasmin Garcia Ribeiro
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Felipe Sampaio-Jorge
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Thiago Barth
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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28
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Raine A, Brodrick L, Pardini D, Jennings JR, Waller R. Increased cardiac vagal tone in childhood-only, adolescent-only, and persistently antisocial teenagers: the mediating role of low heart rate. Psychol Med 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38469880 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac vagal tone is an indicator of parasympathetic nervous system functioning, and there is increasing interest in its relation to antisocial behavior. It is unclear however whether antisocial individuals are characterized by increased or decreased vagal tone, and whether increased vagal tone is the source of the low heart rate frequently reported in antisocial populations. METHODS Participants consisted of four groups of community-dwelling adolescent boys aged 15.7 years: (1) controls, (2) childhood-only antisocial, (3) adolescent-only antisocial, and (4) persistently antisocial. Heart rate and vagal tone were assessed in three different conditions: rest, cognitive stressor, and social stressor. RESULTS All three antisocial groups had both lower resting heart rates and increased vagal tone compared to the low antisocial controls across all three conditions. Low heart rate partially mediated the relationship between vagal tone and antisocial behavior. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that increased vagal tone and reduced heart rate are relatively broad risk factors for different developmental forms of antisocial behavior. Findings are the first to implicate vagal tone as an explanatory factor in understanding heart rate - antisocial behavior relationships. Future experimental work using non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation or heart rate variability biofeedback is needed to more systematically evaluate this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Lia Brodrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dustin Pardini
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - J Richard Jennings
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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29
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Ito G, Feeley M, Sawai T, Nakata H, Otsuki S, Nakahara H, Miyamoto T. High-intensity interval training improves respiratory and cardiovascular adjustments before and after initiation of exercise. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1227316. [PMID: 38529482 PMCID: PMC10961378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1227316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may induce training-specific physiological adaptations such as improved respiratory and cardiovascular adjustments before and after the onset of high-intensity exercise, leading to improved exercise performance during high-intensity exercise. The present study investigated the effects of HIIT on time-dependent cardiorespiratory adjustment during maximal exercise and before and after initiation of high-intensity exercise, as well as on maximal exercise performance. Methods: 21 healthy male college students were randomly assigned to HIIT group (n = 11) or control group (n = 10). HIIT group performed training on a cycle ergometer once a week for 8 weeks. The training consisted of three bouts of exercise at 95% maximal work rate (WRmax) until exhaustion. Before and after the HIIT program, dynamic cardiorespiratory function was investigated by ramp and step exercise tests, and HIIT-induced cardiac morphological changes were assessed using echocardiography. Results: HIIT significantly improved not only maximal oxygen uptake and minute ventilation, but also maximal heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and time to exhaustion in both exercise tests (p < 0.05). Time-dependent increases in minute ventilation (VE) and HR before and at the start of exercise were significantly enhanced after HIIT. During high-intensity exercise, there was a strong correlation between percent change (from before to after HIIT program) in time to exhaustion and percent change in HRmax (r = 0.932, p < 0.001). Furthermore, HIIT-induced cardiac morphological changes such as ventricular wall hypertrophy was observed (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We have demonstrated that HIIT at 95% WRmax induces training-specific adaptations such as improved cardiorespiratory adjustments, not only during maximal exercise but also before and after the onset of high-intensity exercise, improvement of exercise performance mainly associated with circulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Ito
- Graduate School of Human Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marina Feeley
- Graduate School of Human Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Sawai
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideomi Nakata
- Graduate School of Human Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Otsuki
- Graduate School of Human Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Nakahara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Human Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
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30
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Khushhal AA, Mohamed AA, Elsayed ME. Accuracy of Apple Watch to Measure Cardiovascular Indices in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Cross Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1053-1063. [PMID: 38496326 PMCID: PMC10941792 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s449071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The validity of the Apple Watch to measure the heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (Spo2) for patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and hypertension is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the accuracy of the Apple Watch in measuring the Spo2 and HR in patients with chronic diseases. Methods Forty-one patients with chronic diseases, including 20 with hypertension, 10 with diabetes, and 11 with dyslipidemia, completed a cross-sectional study. All participants used the Apple Watch against the Polar chest strap and the pulse oximeter at rest and during moderate intensity exercise sessions to measure HR and the SpO2 at rest for 5 minutes, during exercise for 16 minutes, and followed by 3 minutes of rest. The HR was measured during all previous periods, but evaluation of the Spo2 included 5 measures, done only before and after exercise, with a minute interval between each measure. Results Overall, a strong correlation exists between measuring the SpO2 using the Apple Watch against the pulse oximeter (Contec) at rest (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) and after exercise (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) in all patients. The HR had a very strong correlation between the Apple Watch and the Polar chest strap (r = 0.99, p < 0.001) in all patients. There was no significant difference (p = 0.76) between the twenty-seven white and fourteen brown-skinned patients. Conclusion The Apple Watch is valid to measure the HR and SpO2 in patients with chronic diseases. Clinical Trial Registration No NCT05271864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abdulhafiz Khushhal
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/ Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elshahat Elsayed
- Cardiology Department, Umm Al-Qura University Medical Center, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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31
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Ralph-Nearman C, Osborn KD, Chang RS, Barber KE. Momentary physiological indices related to eating disorders: A systematic and methodological review. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024. [PMID: 38446505 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric illnesses, with no everyday support to intervene on the high rates of relapse. Understanding physiological indices that can be measured by wearable sensor technologies may provide new momentary interventions for individuals with ED. This systematic review, searching large databases, synthesises studies investigating peripheral physiological (PP) indices commonly included in wearable wristbands (heart rate [HR], heart rate variability [HRV], electrodermal activity [EDA], peripheral skin temperature [PST], and acceleration) in ED. Inclusion criteria included: (a) full peer-reviewed empirical articles in English; (b) human participants with active ED; and (c) containing one of five wearable physiological measures. Kmet risk of bias was assessed. Ninety-four studies were included (Anorexia nervosa [AN; N = 4418], bulimia nervosa [BN; N = 916], binge eating disorder [BED; N = 1604], other specified feeding and eating disorders [OSFED; N = 424], and transdiagnostic [N = 47]). Participants with AN displayed lower HR and EDA and higher HRV compared to healthy individuals. Those with BN showed higher HRV, and lower EDA and PST compared to healthy individuals. Other ED and Transdiagnostic samples showed mixed results. PP differences are indicated through various assessments in ED, which may suggest diagnostic associations, although more studies are needed to validate observed patterns. Results suggest important therapeutic potential for PP in ED, and larger studies including diverse participants and diagnostic groups are needed to fully uncover their role in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ralph-Nearman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kimberly D Osborn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rose Seoyoung Chang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kathryn E Barber
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Fahlman A. Cardiorespiratory adaptations in small cetaceans and marine mammals. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:324-334. [PMID: 37968859 PMCID: PMC10988691 DOI: 10.1113/ep091095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The dive response, or the 'master switch of life', is probably the most studied physiological trait in marine mammals and is thought to conserve the available O2 for the heart and brain. Although generally thought to be an autonomic reflex, several studies indicate that the cardiovascular changes during diving are anticipatory and can be conditioned. The respiratory adaptations, where the aquatic breathing pattern resembles intermittent breathing in land mammals, with expiratory flow exceeding 160 litres s-1 has been measured in cetaceans, and where exposure to extreme pressures results in alveolar collapse (atelectasis) and recruitment upon ascent. Cardiorespiratory coupling, where breathing results in changes in heart rate, has been proposed to improve gas exchange. Cardiorespiratory coupling has also been reported in marine mammals, and in the bottlenose dolphin, where it alters both heart rate and stroke volume. When accounting for this respiratory dependence on cardiac function, several studies have reported an absence of a diving-related bradycardia except during dives that exceed the duration that is fuelled by aerobic metabolism. This review summarizes what is known about the respiratory physiology in marine mammals, with a special focus on cetaceans. The cardiorespiratory coupling is reviewed, and the selective gas exchange hypothesis is summarized, which provides a testable mechanism for how breath-hold diving vertebrates may actively prevent uptake of N2 during routine dives, and how stress results in failure of this mechanism, which results in diving-related gas emboli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fahlman
- Global Diving Research SLValenciaSpain
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunidad ValencianaValenciaSpain
- Kolmården Wildlife ParkKolmårdenSweden
- IFMLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
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Bouquin H, Koskela JK, Tikkakoski A, Honkonen M, Hiltunen TP, Mustonen JT, Pörsti IH. Differences in heart rate responses to upright posture are associated with variations in the high-frequency power of heart rate variability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H479-H489. [PMID: 38133619 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00567.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
High resting heart rate is a cardiovascular risk factor, but limited data exist on the underlying hemodynamics and reproducibility of supine-to-upright increase in heart rate. We recorded noninvasive hemodynamics in 574 volunteers [age, 44.9 yr; body mass index (BMI), 26.4 kg/m2; 49% male] during passive head-up tilt (HUT) using whole body impedance cardiography and radial artery tonometry. Heart rate regulation was evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV) analyses. Comparisons were made between quartiles of supine-to-upright heart rate changes, in which heart rate at rest ranged 62.6-64.8 beats/min (P = 0.285). The average upright increases in heart rate in the quartiles 1-4 were 4.7, 9.9, 13.5, and 21.0 beats/min, respectively (P < 0.0001). No differences were observed in the low-frequency power of HRV, whether in the supine or upright position, or in the high-frequency power of HRV in the supine position. Upright high-frequency power of HRV was highest in quartile 1 with lowest upright heart rate and lowest in quartile 4 with highest upright heart rate. Mean systolic blood pressure before and during HUT (126 vs. 108 mmHg) and the increase in systemic vascular resistance during HUT (650 vs. 173 dyn·s/cm5/m2) were highest in quartile 1 and lowest in quartile 4. The increases in heart rate during HUT on three separate occasions several weeks apart were highly reproducible (r = 0.682) among 215 participants. To conclude, supine-to-upright increase in heart rate is a reproducible phenotype with underlying differences in the modulation of cardiac parasympathetic tone and systemic vascular resistance. As heart rate at rest influences prognosis, future research should elucidate the prognostic significance of these phenotypic differences.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Subjects with similar supine heart rates are characterized by variable increases in heart rate during upright posture. Individual heart rate increases in response to upright posture are highly reproducible as hemodynamic phenotypes and present underlying differences in the modulation of cardiac parasympathetic tone and systemic vascular resistance. These results indicate that resting heart rate obtained in the supine position alone is not an optimal means of classifying people into groups with differences in cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Bouquin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenni K Koskela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Tikkakoski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Milja Honkonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo P Hiltunen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka T Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka H Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Silva de Sousa JC, Torriani-Pasin C, de Moraes Forjaz CL. Reproducibility (reliability and agreement) of ventilatory threshold and peak responses during cardiopulmonary exercise test in people with stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024; 31:117-124. [PMID: 37210739 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2023.2214756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is used to determine the ventilatory thresholds and to directly assess cardiorespiratory capacity. However, its reproducibility should be tested in people with stroke as sequelae imposed by the stroke may induce important variations among and within each subject, affecting the reproducibility of the physiological responses to CPET. PURPOSE This cross-sectional repeated measures study design aims to determine the reproducibility of anaerobic threshold (AT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal cardiorespiratory capacity assessed during a CPET in people with stroke. METHODS Twenty-eight subjects with hemiparesis after stroke aging 60 ± 13 years were submitted to two treadmill CPETs with identical protocols. DATA ANALYSIS The reproducibility of heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) obtained at AT, RCP, and peak effort was evaluated by systematic error (paired t-test); reliability (ICC and 95% confidence interval); and agreement (typical error and coefficient of variation). RESULTS There were no systematic errors for HR and VO2assessed at AT, RCP, and peak effort (p > 0,05). Reliability was high for these variables during CPET (ICCs > 0.93). Agreement was good for all variables. Typical errors for HR and VO2 assessed at AT, RCP, and peak effort were, respectively, 7, 7, and 8 bpm, and 1.51, 1.44, and 1.57 ml.kg-1.min-1. Coefficients of variation assessed at AT, RCP, and peak effort were, respectively, 5.7, 5.1, and 6.0% for HR and 8.7, 7.3, and 7.5% for VO2. CONCLUSIONS HR and VO2 measured at AT, RCP, and peak effort during a treadmill CPET present good reproducibility in people with stroke, showing high reliability and good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Silva de Sousa
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Torriani-Pasin
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Movement Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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McVeigh K, Kleckner IR, Quigley KS, Satpute AB. Fear-related psychophysiological patterns are situation and individual dependent: A Bayesian model comparison approach. Emotion 2024; 24:506-521. [PMID: 37603002 PMCID: PMC10882564 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Is there a universal mapping of physiology to emotion, or do these mappings vary substantially by person or situation? Psychologists, philosophers, and neuroscientists have debated this question for decades. Most previous studies have focused on differentiating emotions on the basis of accompanying autonomic responses using analytical approaches that often assume within-category homogeneity. In the present study, we took an alternative approach to this question. We determined the extent to which the relationship between subjective experience and autonomic reactivity generalizes across, or depends upon, the individual and situation for instances of a single emotion category, specifically, fear. Electrodermal activity and cardiac activity-two autonomic measures that are often assumed to show robust relationships with instances of fear-were recorded while participants reported fear experience in response to dozens of fear-evoking videos related to three distinct situations: spiders, heights, and social encounters. We formally translated assumptions from diverse theoretical models into a common framework for model comparison analyses. Results exceedingly favored a model that assumed situation-dependency in the relationship between fear experience and autonomic reactivity, with subject variance also significant but constrained by situation. Models that assumed generalization across situations and/or individuals performed much worse by comparison. These results call into question the assumption of generalizability of autonomic-subjective mappings across instances of fear, as required in translational research from nonhuman animals to humans, and advance a situated approach to understanding the autonomic correlates of fear experience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran McVeigh
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, 125 NI, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Karen S. Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, 125 NI, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ajay B. Satpute
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, 125 NI, Boston, MA 02115
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Yousaf MN, Røn Ø, Keitel-Gröner F, McGurk C, Obach A. Heart rate as an indicator of stress during the critical swimming speed test of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). J Fish Biol 2024; 104:633-646. [PMID: 37903720 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
A swim tunnel is to fish as a treadmill is to humans, and is a device used for indirect measuring of the metabolic rate. This study aims to explore the fish stress (if any) during the critical swimming test routines (fish handling, confinement, and swimming) using heart rate (fH , heartbeat per minute) bio-loggers in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). In addition, the recovery dynamics of exercised fish using fH were explored for 48 h post swim tests. Continuous fH data were acquired following the surgical implantation and throughout the trials, such as during fish handling, swim tests (critical swimming speed, Ucrit ), and 48 h post swim tests. After 3 weeks of surgical recovery, fH stabilized at 46.20 ± 1.26 beats min-1 , equalizing a ~38% reduction in fH recorded post-surgical tachycardia (74.13 ± 1.44 beats min-1 ). Interestingly, fH was elevated by ~200% compared to baseline levels not only due to the Ucrit (92.04 ± 0.23 beats min-1 ) but also due to fish handling and confinement in the swim tunnel, which was 66% above the baseline levels (77.48 ± 0.34 beats min-1 ), suggesting fish stress. Moreover, significantly higher plasma cortisol levels (199.56 ± 77.17 ng mL-1 ) corresponding to a ~300% increase compared to baseline levels (47.92 ± 27.70 ng mL-1 ) were identified after Ucrit , predicting post-swim test stress (physiological exhaustion). These findings reinforce the importance of fish acclimation in the swim tunnel prior to the swimming tests. However, fH dropped over the course of the 48-h post-swim test, but remained comparatively higher than the basal levels, suggesting fish should be given at least 48 h to recover from handling stress for better fish welfare. This study further explored the influence of fish tagging on Ucrit , which resulted in reduced swimming capabilities of tagged fish (1.95 ± 0.37 body lengths s-1 ) compared to untagged fish (2.54 ± 0.42 body length s-1 ), although this was not significant (p = 0.06), and therefore future tagging studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Øyvind Røn
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI), Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Charles McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI), Stavanger, Norway
| | - Alex Obach
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI), Stavanger, Norway
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Ponnian SMP, Stanely SP, Roy AJ. Cardioprotective effects of p-coumaric acid on tachycardia, inflammation, ion pump dysfunction, and electrolyte imbalance in isoproterenol-induced experimental myocardial infarction. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23668. [PMID: 38439645 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases cause a large number of deaths throughout the world. No research was conducted earlier on p-coumaric acid's effect on tachycardia, inflammation, ion pump dysfunction, and electrolyte imbalance. Hence, we appraised the above-said parameters in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. This investigation included 24 male albino Wistar rats in 4 groups. Normal control Group 1, p-coumaric acid (8 mg/kg body weight) alone treated Group 2, Isoproterenol (100 mg/kg body weight) induced myocardial infarcted Group 3, p-coumaric acid (8 mg/kg body weight) pretreated isoproterenol (100 mg/kg body weight) induced Group 4. After 1 day of the last dose of isoproterenol injection (day 10), rats were killed and blood and heart were taken and inflammatory markers, lipid peroxidation, nonenzymatic antioxidants, ion pumps, and electrolytes were measured. The heart rate, serum cardiac troponin-T, serum/plasma inflammatory markers, and heart proinflammatory cytokines were raised in isoproterenol-induced rats. Isoproterenol also enhanced plasma lipid peroxidation, lessened plasma nonenzymatic antioxidants, and altered heart ion pumps and serum and heart electrolytes. In this study, p-coumaric acid pretreatment orally for 7 days to isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats prevented changes in the above-cited parameters. p-Coumaric acid's anti-tachycardial, anti-inflammatory, anti-ion pump dysfunction and anti-electrolyte imbalance properties are the mechanisms for these cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanely Mainzen Prince Ponnian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shervin Prince Stanely
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhro Jyoti Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tourula E, Lenzini M, Rhodes A, Hetz SE, Pearson J. Facial fanning reduces heart rate but not tolerance to a simulated hemorrhagic challenge following exercise heat stress in young healthy humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R210-R219. [PMID: 38105763 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00180.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether reducing face skin temperature alters arterial blood pressure control and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) tolerance after exercise heat stress. Eight subjects (1 female; age, 27 ± 9 yr) exercised at ∼63% V̇o2max until core temperature had increased ∼1.5°C before undergoing LBNP to presyncope either with fanning to return face skin temperature to baseline (Δ-5°C, Fan trial) or without (No Fan trial). LBNP tolerance was quantified as cumulative stress index (CSI; mmHg·min). Before LBNP, whole body and face skin temperatures were elevated from baseline in both trials (38.0 ± 0.5°C and 36.3 ± 0.5°C, respectively, both P < 0.001). During LBNP, face skin temperature decreased in the Fan trial (30.9 ± 1.0°C) but was unchanged in the No Fan trial (36.1 ± 0.6°C, between trials P < 0.001). Mean arterial pressure was not different between trials (P = 0.237) and was similarly reduced at presyncope in both trials (from 82 ± 7 to 67 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.001). During LBNP, heart rate was attenuated in the Fan trial at Mid LBNP (146 ± 16 vs. 158 ± 12 beats/min, P = 0.036) and at peak heart rate (158 ± 15 vs. 170 ± 15 beats/min; P < 0.001). LBNP tolerance was not different between trials (321 ± 248 vs. 328 ± 115 mmHg·min, P = 0.851). In exercise heat-stressed individuals, lowering face skin temperature to normothermic values suppressed heart rate thereby altering cardiovascular control during a simulated hemorrhagic challenge without reducing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Tourula
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, H. H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Miramani Lenzini
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
| | - Addison Rhodes
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
| | - Sarah E Hetz
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
| | - James Pearson
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
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Zhou J, Zhang J, Jing P, Lan Y, Cao X, Feng H, Liu X, Liu Q. Ginseng in white and red processed forms: Ginsenosides and cardiac side effects. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1857-1868. [PMID: 38455159 PMCID: PMC10916586 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has long been consumed as a medicinal or functional food in East Asia. It is available as dried white ginseng (WG) and steamed red ginseng (RG), which might differ in ginsenoside profiles. We compared ginsenoside types of RG and WG using UPLC-MS/MS and evaluated how they biologically affected heart of healthy rats by recording electrocardiography, measuring biochemical indicators, analyzing cardiac tissue slides, and Ca2+ signaling pathways. About 25 and 29 ginsenosides were detected in WG and RG, respectively, and the total ginsenoside content of RG contained was nearly 1.8 times higher than that of WG. Among them, ginsenoside Rg4, ginsenoside Rg6, ginsenoside Rh4, ginsenoside Rk1, ginsenoside Rg5, and protopanaxadiol were detected only in RG, while 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg2 was detected only in WG. Male SD rats treated by intraperitoneal injection of WG or RG extracts were similar to the control in terms of electrocardiography and heart histology, indicating that both may not significantly affect the rats' myocardial function. However, WG and RG may induce mild cardiac injury resulting in increased cardiac collagen and creatine kinase levels. In addition, upregulated p-CaMKII and PPARδ and downregulated SERCA2a for WG and RG treatments were further associated with increased cardiac contractility. In general, RG had less effect on the heart of healthy rats than WG, which may be due to RG having a high proportion of low-polar ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexin Zhou
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture & BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture & BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pu Jing
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture & BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Lan
- Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd.LuzhouSichuanChina
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Mather JD, Hayes LD, Mair JL, Sculthorpe NF. Validity of resting heart rate derived from contact-based smartphone photoplethysmography compared with electrocardiography: a scoping review and checklist for optimal acquisition and reporting. Front Digit Health 2024; 6:1326511. [PMID: 38486919 PMCID: PMC10937558 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1326511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the rise of smartphone ownership and increasing evidence to support the suitability of smartphone usage in healthcare, the light source and smartphone camera could be utilized to perform photoplethysmography (PPG) for the assessment of vital signs, such as heart rate (HR). However, until rigorous validity assessment has been conducted, PPG will have limited use in clinical settings. Objective We aimed to conduct a scoping review assessing the validity of resting heart rate (RHR) acquisition from PPG utilizing contact-based smartphone devices. Our four specific objectives of this scoping review were to (1) conduct a systematic search of the published literature concerning contact-based smartphone device-derived PPG, (2) map study characteristics and methodologies, (3) identify if methodological and technological advancements have been made, and (4) provide recommendations for the advancement of the investigative area. Methods ScienceDirect, PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched for relevant studies between January 1st, 2007, and November 6th, 2022. Filters were applied to ensure only literature written in English were included. Reference lists of included studies were manually searched for additional eligible studies. Results In total 10 articles were included. Articles varied in terms of methodology including study characteristics, index measurement characteristics, criterion measurement characteristics, and experimental procedure. Additionally, there were variations in reporting details including primary outcome measure and measure of validity. However, all studies reached the same conclusion, with agreement ranging between good to very strong and correlations ranging from r = .98 to 1. Conclusions Smartphone applications measuring RHR derived from contact-based smartphone PPG appear to agree with gold standard electrocardiography (ECG) in healthy subjects. However, agreement was established under highly controlled conditions. Future research could investigate their validity and consider effective approaches that transfer these methods from laboratory conditions into the "real-world", in both healthy and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Mather
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence D. Hayes
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline L. Mair
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas F. Sculthorpe
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Hadziselimovic E, Greve AM, Sajadieh A, Olsen MH, Nienaber CA, Ray SG, Rossebø AB, Wachtell K, Dominguez H, Valeur N, Carstensen HG, Nielsen OW. Development and validation of the ASGARD risk score for safe monitoring in asymptomatic nonsevere aortic stenosis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024:zwae086. [PMID: 38416125 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Current guidelines recommend serial echocardiography at minimum 1-2 year intervals for monitoring patients with nonsevere aortic valve stenosis (AS), which is costly and often clinically inconsequential.We aimed to develop and test whether the biomarker-based ASGARD risk score (Aortic Valve Stenosis Guarded by Amplified Risk Determination) can guide the timing of echocardiograms in asymptomatic patients with nonsevere AS. METHODS The development cohort comprised 1,093 of 1,589 (69%) asymptomatic patients with mild-to-moderate AS who remained event-free one year after inclusion into the SEAS trial. Cox regression landmark analyses with a 2-year follow-up identified the model (ASGARD) with the lowest Akaike information criterion for association to AS-related composite outcome (heart failure hospitalization, aortic valve replacement, or cardiovascular death). Fine-Gray analyses provided cumulative event rates by ASGARD score quartiles. The ASGARD score was internally validated in the remaining 496 patients (31%) from the SEAS-cohort and externally in 71 asymptomatic outpatients with nonsevere AS from six Copenhagen hospitals. RESULTS The ASGARD score comprises updated measurements of heart rate and age- and sex-adjusted N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide upon transaortic maximal velocity (Vmax) from the previous year. The ASGARD score had high predictive accuracy across all cohorts (external validation: area under the curve: 0.74 [95% CI, 0.62-0.86]), and similar to an updated Vmax measurement. An ASGARD score ≤50% was associated with AS-related event rates ≤5% for a minimum of 15 months. CONCLUSION The ASGARD score could provide a personalized and safe surveillance alternative to routinely planned echocardiograms, so physicians can prioritize echocardiograms for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders M Greve
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry 3011, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Sajadieh
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael H Olsen
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Holbæk Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph A Nienaber
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - Simon G Ray
- Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - Anne B Rossebø
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Kristian Wachtell
- Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nana Valeur
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle G Carstensen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olav W Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Braem CIR, Yavuz US, Hermens HJ, Veltink PH. Missing Data Statistics Provide Causal Insights into Data Loss in Diabetes Health Monitoring by Wearable Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1526. [PMID: 38475061 DOI: 10.3390/s24051526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data loss in wearable sensors is an inevitable problem that leads to misrepresentation during diabetes health monitoring. We systematically investigated missing wearable sensors data to get causal insight into the mechanisms leading to missing data. METHODS Two-week-long data from a continuous glucose monitor and a Fitbit activity tracker recording heart rate (HR) and step count in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were used. The gap size distribution was fitted with a Planck distribution to test for missing not at random (MNAR) and a difference between distributions was tested with a Chi-squared test. Significant missing data dispersion over time was tested with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn post hoc analysis. RESULTS Data from 77 subjects resulted in 73 cleaned glucose, 70 HR and 68 step count recordings. The glucose gap sizes followed a Planck distribution. HR and step count gap frequency differed significantly (p < 0.001), and the missing data were therefore MNAR. In glucose, more missing data were found in the night (23:00-01:00), and in step count, more at measurement days 6 and 7 (p < 0.001). In both cases, missing data were caused by insufficient frequency of data synchronization. CONCLUSIONS Our novel approach of investigating missing data statistics revealed the mechanisms for missing data in Fitbit and CGM data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn I R Braem
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Utku S Yavuz
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J Hermens
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Veltink
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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Portnova G, Khayrullina G, Martynova O. Temporal dynamics of autonomic nervous system responses under cognitive-emotional workload in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychophysiology 2024:e14549. [PMID: 38409649 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is commonly observed in various mental disorders, particularly when individuals engage in prolonged cognitive-emotional tasks that require ANS adjustment to workload. Although the understanding of the temporal dynamics of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is limited, analyzing ANS reactions to cognitive-emotional workload could provide valuable insights into one of the underlying causes of OCD. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of heart rate (HR) and pupil area (PA) while participants with OCD and healthy volunteers solved antisaccade tasks, with affective pictures serving as central fixation stimuli. The data of 31 individuals with OCD and 30 healthy volunteers were included in the study, comprising three separate blocks, each lasting approximately 8 min. The results revealed an increase in sympathetic tone in the OCD group, with the most noticeable rise occurring during the middle part of each block, particularly during the presentation of negative stimuli. Healthy volunteers demonstrated adaptive temporal dynamics of HR and PA from the first block to the last block of tasks, whereas individuals with OCD exhibited fewer changes over time, suggesting a reduced adaptation of the ANS sympathetic tone to cognitive-emotional workload in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Portnova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guzal Khayrullina
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Martynova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Philippe AG, Goncalves A, Korchi K, Deshayes M. Exergaming in augmented reality is tailor-made for aerobic training and enjoyment among healthy young adults. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1307382. [PMID: 38469269 PMCID: PMC10925726 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1307382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of exergaming for physical activity practice has gain in popularity but few is known about the use of augmented reality for physical activity, particularly at moderate to vigorous intensities. The present study examined the use of an exergame in augmented reality for aerobic training in healthy young adults. In a within-subject design, 18 participants (19.8 ± 1.4 years of age) have performed two physical activity sessions playing dodgeball. Indeed, they realized a classical dodgeball session and an exergaming session with an augmented reality version of dodgeball game. Physical loads and intensities were measured with accelerometers, RPE and heart sensors. Enjoyment experienced during the sessions was measured with the short version of the physical activity enjoyment scale questionnaire. Results revealed that both physical load and intensity were appropriate for aerobic training in the two conditions (i.e., classical and exergame in augmented reality) although values were significantly higher in the classical condition. Enjoyment was high in the two conditions with a higher significant value in the classical condition compared to the exergame in augmented reality condition. Put together, these results indicate that an aerobic state can be attained through both physical gameplay and its augmented reality equivalent and was associated to a high level of enjoyment among healthy young adults.
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Mandorino M, Clubb J, Lacome M. Predicting Soccer Players' Fitness Status Through a Machine-Learning Approach. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38402880 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study had 3 purposes: (1) to develop an index using machine-learning techniques to predict the fitness status of soccer players, (2) to explore the index's validity and its relationship with a submaximal run test (SMFT), and (3) to analyze the impact of weekly training load on the index and SMFT outcomes. METHODS The study involved 50 players from an Italian professional soccer club. External and internal loads were collected during training sessions. Various machine-learning algorithms were assessed for their ability to predict heart-rate responses during the training drills based on external load data. The fitness index, calculated as the difference between actual and predicted heart rates, was correlated with SMFT outcomes. RESULTS Random forest regression (mean absolute error = 3.8 [0.05]) outperformed the other machine-learning algorithms (extreme gradient boosting and linear regression). Average speed, minutes from the start of the training session, and the work:rest ratio were identified as the most important features. The fitness index displayed a very large correlation (r = .70) with SMFT outcomes, with the highest result observed during possession games and physical conditioning exercises. The study revealed that heart-rate responses from SMFT and the fitness index could diverge throughout the season, suggesting different aspects of fitness. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces an "invisible monitoring" approach to assess soccer player fitness in the training environment. The developed fitness index, in conjunction with traditional fitness tests, provides a comprehensive understanding of player readiness. This research paves the way for practical applications in soccer, enabling personalized training adjustments and injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mandorino
- Performance and Analytics Department, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy
| | - Jo Clubb
- Global Performance Insights Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Lacome
- Performance and Analytics Department, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
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Zhou Y, Lindsey B, Snyder S, Bell E, Reider L, Vignos M, Bar-Kochba E, Mousavi A, Parreira J, Hanley C, Shim JK, Hahn JO. Sampling rate requirement for accurate calculation of heart rate and its variability based on the electrocardiogram. Physiol Meas 2024; 45:025007. [PMID: 38306663 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ad252d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective. To develop analytical formulas which can serve as quantitative guidelines for the selection of the sampling rate for the electrocardiogram (ECG) required to calculate heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) with a desired level of accuracy.Approach. We developed analytical formulas which relate the ECG sampling rate to conservative bounds on HR and HRV errors: (i) one relating HR and sampling rate to a HR error bound and (ii) the others relating sampling rate to HRV error bounds (in terms of root-mean-square of successive differences (RMSSD) and standard deviation of normal sinus beats (SDNN)). We validated the formulas using experimental data collected from 58 young healthy volunteers which encompass a wide HR and HRV ranges through strenuous exercise.Main results. The results strongly supported the validity of the analytical formulas as well as their tightness. The formulas can be used to (i) predict an upper bound of inaccuracy in HR and HRV for a given sampling rate in conjunction with HR and HRV as well as to (ii) determine a sampling rate to achieve a desired accuracy requirement at a given HR or HRV (or its range).Significance. HR and its variability (HRV) derived from the ECG have been widely utilized in a wide range of research in physiology and psychophysiology. However, there is no established guideline for the selection of the sampling rate for the ECG required to calculate HR and HRV with a desired level of accuracy. Hence, the analytical formulas may guide in selecting sampling rates for the ECG tailored to various applications of HR and HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Bryndan Lindsey
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States of America
| | - Samantha Snyder
- Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Bell
- Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Lucy Reider
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States of America
| | - Michael Vignos
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States of America
| | - Eyal Bar-Kochba
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States of America
| | - Azin Mousavi
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Jesse Parreira
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Casey Hanley
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States of America
| | - Jae Kun Shim
- Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yong-In Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Hahn
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
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Na Y, Kim C, Kim K, Kim TH, Kwon SH, Kang IS, Jung YW, Kim TW, Cho DH, An J, Lee JK, Park J. Quarter-Annulus Si-Photodetector with Equal Inner and Outer Radii of Curvature for Reflective Photoplethysmography Sensors. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:109. [PMID: 38392028 PMCID: PMC10886646 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Reflection-type photoplethysmography (PPG) pulse sensors used in wearable smart watches, true wireless stereo, etc., have been recently considered a key component for monitoring biological signals such as heart rate, SPO3, and blood pressure. Typically, the optical front end (OFE) of these PPG sensors is heterogeneously configured and packaged with light sources and receiver chips. In this paper, a novel quarter-annulus photodetector (NQAPD) with identical inner and outer radii of curvature has been developed using a plasma dicing process to realize a ring-type OFE receiver, which maximizes manufacturing efficiency and increases the detector collection area by 36.7% compared to the rectangular PD. The fabricated NQAPD exhibits a high quantum efficiency of over 90% in the wavelength of 500 nm to 740 nm and the highest quantum efficiency of 95% with a responsivity of 0.41 A/W at the wavelength of 530 nm. Also, the NQAPD is shown to increase the SNR of the PPG signal by 5 to 7.6 dB compared to the eight rectangular PDs. Thus, reflective PPG sensors constructed with NQAPD can be applied to various wearable devices requiring low power consumption, high performance, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeeun Na
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Chaehwan Kim
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Keunhoi Kim
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Soo Hyun Kwon
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Il-Suk Kang
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Young Woo Jung
- Sensor & Package Business Division, Partron Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-si 18449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.J.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Sensor & Package Business Division, Partron Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-si 18449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.J.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Deok-Ho Cho
- Research Department, Sigetronics Inc., Wanju-gun 55314, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihwan An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si 37673, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Kwon Lee
- Department of System Semiconductor Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongcheol Park
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
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Goudini R, Zahiri A, Alizadeh S, Drury B, Anvar SH, Daneshjoo A, Behm DG. The Effects of Physical and Mental Fatigue on Time Perception. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:59. [PMID: 38393279 PMCID: PMC10891994 DOI: 10.3390/sports12020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The perception of time holds a foundational significance regarding how we elucidate the chronological progression of events. While some studies have examined exercise effects on time perception during exercise periods, there are no studies investigating the effects of exercise fatigue on time perception after an exercise intervention. This study investigated the effects of physical and mental fatigue on time estimates over 30 s immediately post-exercise and 6 min post-test. Seventeen volunteers were subjected to three conditions: physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and control. All participants completed a familiarization session and were subjected to three 30 min experimental conditions (control, physical fatigue (cycling at 65% peak power output), and mental fatigue (Stroop task)) on separate days. Time perception, heart rate, and body temperature were recorded pre-test; at the start of the test; 5, 10, 20, 30 seconds into the interventions; post-test; and at the 6 min follow-up. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded four times during the intervention. Physical fatigue resulted in a significant (p = 0.001) underestimation of time compared to mental fatigue and control conditions at the post-test and follow-up, with no significant differences between mental fatigue and control conditions. Heart rate, body temperature, and RPE were significantly (all p = 0.001) higher with physical fatigue compared to mental fatigue and control conditions during the intervention and post-test. This study demonstrated that cycling-induced fatigue led to time underestimation compared to mental fatigue and control conditions. It is crucial to consider that physical fatigue has the potential to lengthen an individual's perception of time estimates in sports or work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Goudini
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (R.G.); (A.Z.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Ali Zahiri
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (R.G.); (A.Z.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Benjamin Drury
- Sport & Exercise Science, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK;
| | - Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (R.G.); (A.Z.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Abdolhamid Daneshjoo
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-13439, Iran;
| | - David G. Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (R.G.); (A.Z.); (S.H.A.)
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Helwan A, Azar D, Ma'aitah MKS. Conventional and deep learning methods in heart rate estimation from RGB face videos. Physiol Meas 2024; 45:02TR01. [PMID: 38081130 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ad1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Contactless vital signs monitoring is a fast-advancing scientific field that aims to employ monitoring methods that do not necessitate the use of leads or physical attachments to the patient in order to overcome the shortcomings and limits of traditional monitoring systems. Several traditional methods have been applied to extract the heart rate (HR) signal from the face. Moreover, machine learning has recently contributed majorly to the development of such a field in which deep networks and other deep learning methods are employed to extract the HR signal from RGB face videos. In this paper, we evaluate the state-of-the-art conventional and deep learning methods for HR estimates, focusing on the limits of deep learning methods and the availability of less-controlled face video datasets. We aim to present an extensive review that helps the various approaches of remote photoplethysmography extraction and HR estimation to be understood, in addition to their drawbacks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamad Khaleel Sallam Ma'aitah
- Department of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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50
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Ahn CY, Lee JS. Digital Phenotyping for Real-Time Monitoring of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53597. [PMID: 38329791 PMCID: PMC10884894 DOI: 10.2196/53597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a major global health concern. The limitations of traditional clinical and laboratory-based methodologies are recognized, and there is a pressing need to use novel approaches for the early detection and prevention of NSSI. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of basic knowledge of a descriptive nature on NSSI, including when, how, and why self-injury occurs in everyday life. Digital phenotyping offers the potential to predict and prevent NSSI by assessing objective and ecological measurements at multiple points in time. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify real-time predictors and explain an individual's dynamic course of NSSI. METHODS This study will use a hybrid approach, combining elements of prospective observational research with non-face-to-face study methods. This study aims to recruit a cohort of 150 adults aged 20 to 29 years who have self-reported engaging in NSSI on 5 or more days within the past year. Participants will be enrolled in a longitudinal study conducted at 3-month intervals, spanning 3 long-term follow-up phases. The ecological momentary assessment (EMA) technique will be used via a smartphone app. Participants will be prompted to complete a self-injury and suicidality questionnaire and a mood appraisal questionnaire 3 times a day for a duration of 14 days. A wrist-worn wearable device will be used to collect heart rate, step count, and sleep patterns from participants. Dynamic structural equation modeling and machine learning approaches will be used. RESULTS Participant recruitment and data collection started in October 2023. Data collection and analysis are expected to be completed by December 2024. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences. CONCLUSIONS The insights gained from this study will not only shed light on the underlying mechanisms of NSSI but also pave the way for the development of tailored and culturally sensitive treatment options that can effectively address this major mental health concern. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53597.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
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