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Kalinin V, Padnya P, Stoikov I. Romanowsky staining: history, recent advances and future prospects from a chemistry perspective. Biotech Histochem 2024; 99:1-20. [PMID: 37929609 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2273860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Romanowsky staining was an important methodological breakthrough in diagnostic hematology and cytopathology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; it has facilitated for decades the work of biologists, hematologists and pathologists working with blood cells. Despite more than a century of studying Romanowsky staining, no systematic review has been published that explains the chemical processes that produce the "Romanowsky effect" or "Romanowsky-Giemsa effect" (RGE), i.e., a purple coloration arising from the interaction of an azure dye with eosin and not due merely to their simultaneous presence. Our review is an attempt to build a bridge between chemists and biomedical scientists and to summarize the available data on methylene blue (MB) demethylation as well as the related reduction and decomposition of MB to simpler compounds by both light and enzyme systems and microorganisms. To do this, we analyze modern data on the mechanisms of MB demethylation both in the presence of acids and bases and by disproportionation due to the action of light. We also offer an explanation for why the RGE occurs only when azure B, or to a lesser extent, azure A is present by applying experimental and calculated physicochemical parameters including dye-DNA binding constants and electron density distributions in the molecules of these ligands. Finally, we discuss modern techniques for obtaining new varieties of Romanowsky dyes by modifying previously known ones. We hope that our critical literature study will help scientists understand better the chemical and physicochemical processes and mechanisms of cell staining with such dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Kalinin
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Moyen TB, Tomaz V, Campregher PV. Feasibility, accuracy, and usability analysis of MapAML, a first-in-class app for integrated diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:633-640. [PMID: 38168871 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Performing a comprehensive diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is complex and involves the integration of clinical information, bone marrow morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic, and molecular analysis, which can be challenging to the general hematologist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usability and accuracy of MapAML, a smartphone app for integrated diagnosis in AML, created to aid the hematologist in its clinical practice. App performance was evaluated in dedicated sessions, in which 21 hematologists or fellows in hematology performed an integrated diagnosis of deidentified real-world clinical AML cases, first without and posteriorly with MapAML use. Diagnosis accuracy increased after MapAML utilization, with the average score going from 7.08 without app to 8.88 with app use (on a scale from 0 to 10), representing a significant accuracy improvement (p = .002). Usability evaluation was very favorable, with 81% of users considering the app very or extremely simple to use. There was also a significant increase in confidence to perform a complete and accurate diagnosis in AML after app use, with 61.9% of the participants willing to use the app in their clinical practice. In this study, MapAML increased accuracy with excellent usability for integrated diagnosis in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís B Moyen
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (Rua Rubens do Amaral), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victoria Tomaz
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Blažek M, Vrbacký F, Fátorová I, Mirská K, Žák P. Sysmex-derived COVID-19 prognostic score as an early prognostic marker for severity of the COVID-19 disease. Int J Lab Hematol 2024; 46:243-249. [PMID: 37921205 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening disease with a heterogeneous course. Even some young patients are at increased risk of severe course or death, as they can face severe complications. It would be very useful to have a cheap and easily available marker to predict COVID-19 course in the early stages of the disease. The COVID-19 prognostic score could be a very useful clinical indicator available at the time of primary contact with the patient. METHODS The COVID-19 prognostic score and the clinical condition together with selected laboratory parameters were evaluated in patients with respiratory tract infection and a positive PCR test for the SARS-CoV-2 during the first contact with the patient. Prognostic significance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). Selected parameters of the blood count and hemostasis, as well as selected biochemical indicators, were examined too. RESULTS Thirty-seven of 164 patients developed serious symptoms. The COVID-19 score had one of the highest AUC values (0.855) of all markers. The highest combination of sensitivity (91.9%) and specificity (71.7%) for identifying patients with a subsequent moderate and severe course of the disease was achieved at the threshold 1.5. The predictive value of a negative test is beneficial too (0.968). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 prognostic score is a promising indicator stratifying patients with COVID-19 into prognostic groups at the time of the first contact, thus allowing the timely provision of increased care in patients at high risk of severe development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Blažek
- Pulmonary Clinic, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Vrbacký
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Fátorová
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Mirská
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Žák
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Silici S, Kaynar L, Okan A, Doğanyiğit Z. Protective role of olive oil extract of propolis on short and long-term administration of tamoxifen in rats. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:2102-2122. [PMID: 38108573 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogenic agent used for adjuvant treatment in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers in the pre/post-menopausal period. This study, it was aimed to determine the effect of olive oil extract of propolis (OEP) on short and long-term administration of TAM in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into groups with eight animals in each. Groups: control, OEP, TAM, and OEP + TAM. At the end of the experiment, oxidative stress tests were performed with Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) on blood and tissue samples (liver, kidney, and ovary) taken from rats. After single-dose TAM administration, there was a significant increase in red blood cell, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels compared to the control group, a decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) value, a significant increase in liver enzymes and fasting glucose values was detected compared with the control and propolis groups. A normalizing effect was observed in the group given OEP and TAM combined. The increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) and the decrease in enzyme activities in tissues are also noteworthy. Propolis application reduced the tissue damage caused by TAM. In addition, improved cytokine levels, which increased with TAM administration. It has been concluded that OEP can be given in supportive treatment, as it improves hematological and antioxidant parameters in TAM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Silici
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Nutral Therapy Co., Erciyes Technopark, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Leylagül Kaynar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Okan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Züleyha Doğanyiğit
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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Ghoneum M, Badr El-Din NK, Alaa El-Dein M. Anti-radiation effect of MRN-100: a hydro-ferrate fluid, in vivo. J Radiat Res 2024; 65:145-158. [PMID: 38247158 PMCID: PMC10959437 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) severely harms many organs, especially the hematopoietic tissue, mandating the development of protective nutraceuticals. MRN-100, a hydro-ferrate fluid, has been shown to protect γ-radiated fish against hematopoietic tissue damage and lethality. The current study aimed to examine MRN-100's protective effect against irradiated mice and explore the mechanisms underlying its effect. Mice received a single acute, sub-lethal, 5 Gy, whole body dose of X-ray IR. MRN-100 treatment was administered daily for 2-weeks pre-irradiation until 1-week post-irradiation. Spleen and blood were analysed for oxidative stress, hematological, histological and biochemical parameters. Radiation exposure markedly decreased complete blood count (CBC) parameters including hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells and lymphocytes, and significantly increased neutrophils. In contrast, MRN-100 supplementation to irradiated mice ameliorated all CBC parameters and protected against DNA damage in both splenic cells and serum. It also had an antioxidant effect, increasing the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity, which were otherwise decreased by irradiation. MRN-100 intake reduced the oxidative stress biomarker levels of nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker specific to DNA damage. Furthermore, MRN-100 enhanced serum iron and reversed the radiation-induced elevations of liver enzymes. Finally, MRN-100 protected splenic tissue from irradiation as observed by histology. We conclude that MRN-100 consumption may protect against oxidative stress generated by radiation exposure, suggesting that it may be employed as an adjuvant treatment to prevent radiation's severe damage to important organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1621 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nariman K Badr El-Din
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mai Alaa El-Dein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Capobianco CM, Bosch SN, Stacy NI, Wellehan JFX. Lactococcus garvieae-associated septicemia in a central bearded dragon. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024:10406387241239912. [PMID: 38516722 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241239912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis in fish and an emerging zoonotic pathogen with high levels of antimicrobial resistance. We report a case of L. garvieae-associated septicemia in a central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) confirmed via whole-blood PCR and direct sequencing. Following a 30-d course of ceftazidime (20 mg/kg IM q72h), the animal's clinical condition had not resolved; leukopenia persisted, with heterophil toxic change. Coelomic ultrasound findings were consistent with preovulatory follicular stasis, folliculitis, and coelomitis. Following surgical ovariectomy and an additional 30-d course of ceftazidime, the animal's behavior and appetite returned to normal, the animal tested negative via whole-blood PCR assay, and the CBC was unremarkable. To our knowledge, L. garvieae with L. garvieae-associated clinical disease has not been reported previously in a bearded dragon. We conclude that L. garvieae should be considered as a possible etiologic agent in cases of septicemia in bearded dragons, with the potential for zoonotic transmission warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Capobianco
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah N Bosch
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole I Stacy
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James F X Wellehan
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Oğuzman H, Kaçmaz M. The role of pentraxin 3 and oxidative status in the prognosis of multiple myeloma. J Investig Med 2024:10815589241235662. [PMID: 38373952 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241235662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow malignancy characterized by plasma cell proliferation. It was aimed to investigate pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels, oxidative/antioxidative status, and their correlation in MM. In the study, four groups were established, including newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), MM in remission (Rem-MM), relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) patients, and a healthy control group. PTX3 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were assessed with an autoanalyzer. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated using the formula: OSI (arbitrary unit) = TOS (µmol H2O2 Eq/L)/TAS (mmol Trolox Eq/L) × 100. The study involved comparing PTX3, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels among these four groups. PTX3 levels were significantly elevated in NDMM and RRMM groups compared to controls and the Rem-MM group (NDMM vs control; p < 0.001, NDMM vs Rem-MM; p < 0.001, RRMM vs control; p < 0.001, and RRMM vs Rem-MM; p = 0.006). TAS was higher in NDMM and RRMM groups versus controls (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively), and TOS was higher in rem-MM group versus NDMM and control groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). OSI was higher in the Rem-MM group than in NDMM and RRMM groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed associations between MM groups and PTX3 levels. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed high specificity (90%) and sensitivity (79%) for PTX3 in NDMM at a >0.56 ng/mL cut-off value. This study suggests that PTX3 levels may have diagnostic and prognostic potential in MM and its relationship with oxidative stress requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Oğuzman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaçmaz
- Department of Hematology, Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Zervopoulou E, Grigoriou M, Doumas SA, Yiannakou D, Pavlidis P, Gasparoni G, Walter J, Filia A, Gakiopoulou H, Banos A, Mitroulis I, Boumpas DT. Enhanced medullary and extramedullary granulopoiesis sustain the inflammatory response in lupus nephritis. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001110. [PMID: 38471723 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In SLE, deregulation of haematopoiesis is characterised by inflammatory priming and myeloid skewing of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We sought to investigate the role of extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) as a key player for tissue injury in systemic autoimmune disorders. METHODS Transcriptomic analysis of bone marrow (BM)-derived HSPCs from patients with SLE and NZBW/F1 lupus-prone mice was performed in combination with DNA methylation profile. Trained immunity (TI) was induced through β-glucan administration to the NZBW/F1 lupus-prone model. Disease activity was assessed through lupus nephritis (LN) histological grading. Colony-forming unit assay and adoptive cell transfer were used to assess HSPCs functionalities. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis shows that splenic HSPCs carry a higher inflammatory potential compared with their BM counterparts. Further induction of TI, through β-glucan administration, exacerbates splenic EMH, accentuates myeloid skewing and worsens LN. Methylomic analysis of BM-derived HSPCs demonstrates myeloid skewing which is in part driven by epigenetic tinkering. Importantly, transcriptomic analysis of human SLE BM-derived HSPCs demonstrates similar findings to those observed in diseased mice. CONCLUSIONS These data support a key role of granulocytes derived from primed HSPCs both at medullary and extramedullary sites in the pathogenesis of LN. EMH and TI contribute to SLE by sustaining the systemic inflammatory response and increasing the risk for flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Zervopoulou
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Grigoriou
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace School of Health Sciences, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Stavros A Doumas
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Danae Yiannakou
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Pavlos Pavlidis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics-Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics-Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Anastasia Filia
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace School of Health Sciences, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggelos Banos
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace School of Health Sciences, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Boumpas
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Lee DJ, O'Donnell EK, Raje N, Panaroni C, Redd R, Ligibel J, Sears DD, Nadeem O, Ghobrial IM, Marinac CR. Design and Rationale of Prolonged Nightly Fasting for Multiple Myeloma Prevention (PROFAST): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e51368. [PMID: 38466984 DOI: 10.2196/51368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an established, modifiable risk factor of multiple myeloma (MM); yet, no lifestyle interventions are routinely recommended for patients with overweight or obesity with MM precursor conditions. Prolonged nightly fasting is a simple, practical dietary regimen supported by research, suggesting that the synchronization of feeding-fasting timing with sleep-wake cycles favorably affects metabolic pathways implicated in MM. We describe the design and rationale of a randomized controlled pilot trial evaluating the efficacy of a regular, prolonged nighttime fasting schedule among individuals with overweight or obesity at high risk for developing MM or a related lymphoid malignancy. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the effects of 4-month prolonged nightly fasting on body composition and tumor biomarkers among individuals with overweight or obesity with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), or smoldering Waldenström macroglobulinemia (SWM). METHODS Individuals with MGUS, SMM, or SWM aged ≥18 years and a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 are randomized to either a 14-hour nighttime fasting intervention or a healthy lifestyle education control group. Participants' baseline diet and lifestyle patterns are characterized through two 24-hour dietary recalls: questionnaires querying demographic, comorbidity, lifestyle, and quality-of-life information; and wrist actigraphy measurements for 7 days. Fasting intervention participants are supported through one-on-one telephone counseling by a health coach and automated SMS text messaging to support fasting goals. Primary end points of body composition, including visceral and subcutaneous fat (by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry); bone marrow adiposity (by bone marrow histology); and tumor biomarkers, specifically M-proteins and serum free light-chain concentrations (by gel-based and serum free light-chain assays), are assessed at baseline and after the 4-month study period; changes therein from baseline are evaluated using a repeated measures mixed-effects model that accounts for the correlation between baseline and follow-up measures and is generally robust to missing data. Feasibility is assessed as participant retention (percent dropout in each arm) and percentage of days participants achieved a ≥14-hour fast. RESULTS The PROlonged nightly FASTing (PROFAST) study was funded in June 2022. Participant recruitment commenced in April 2023. As of July 2023, six participants consented to the study. The study is expected to be completed by April 2024, and data analysis and results are expected to be published in the first quarter of 2025. CONCLUSIONS PROFAST serves as an important first step in exploring the premise that prolonged nightly fasting is a strategy to control obesity and obesity-related mechanisms of myelomagenesis. In evaluating the feasibility and impact of prolonged nightly fasting on body composition, bone marrow adipose tissue, and biomarkers of tumor burden, this pilot study may generate hypotheses regarding metabolic mechanisms underlying MM development and ultimately inform clinical and public health strategies for MM prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05565638; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05565638. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51368.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth K O'Donnell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Noopur Raje
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristina Panaroni
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Redd
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Ligibel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Omar Nadeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Catherine R Marinac
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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Nagumalli SK, Salley JT, Carstens JD. Assessment of clinical chemistry and hematological parameters in female Sprague-Dawley rats following a 7-day oral exposure to three different species of Echinacea. J Environ Sci Health C Toxicol Carcinog 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38454746 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2325851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Echinacea has grown in popularity due to its broad therapeutic benefits. Despite its popularity, comprehensive safety evaluations for three medicinal species are limited. In this study, female Sprague-Dawley rats received oral doses (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg/d) of 75% (v/v) ethanol extract from the aerial parts of 9 Echinacea samples of three species - Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, and Echinacea pallida - over a 7-day period. Blood and serum samples, collected twenty-four hours post the final dose, were analyzed for hematology and clinical chemistry parameters. The results revealed varied effects across the tested samples, with many parameters showing no discernible impacts at administered doses. Subtle alterations were observed in parameters such as relative liver weight, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and platelet count. Parameters like relative spleen weight, alanine transaminase (ALT), glucose, urea, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and RBC count exhibited effects in only one out of the nine samples tested. These findings emphasize the heterogeneity in the effects of Echinacea. While the results suggest that Echinacea samples might be considered relatively safe, potential clinical implications warrant caution and underscore the importance of extended testing. A comprehensive toxicity profile assessment remains paramount to conclusively ascertain the safety of three Echinacea species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Nagumalli
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Joshua T Salley
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Carstens
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS), Ames, IA, USA
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Barnea I, Luria L, Girsault A, Dabah O, Dudaie M, Mirsky SK, Merkel D, Shaked NT. Analyzing Blood Cells of High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients Using Interferometric Phase Microscopy and Fluorescent Flow Cytometry. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:256. [PMID: 38534530 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of potentially deadly diseases that affect the morphology and function of neutrophils. Rapid diagnosis of MDS is crucial for the initiation of treatment that can vastly improve disease outcome. In this work, we present a new approach for detecting morphological differences between neutrophils isolated from blood samples of high-risk MDS patients and blood bank donors (BBDs). Using fluorescent flow cytometry, neutrophils were stained with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF), which reacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Hoechst, which binds to DNA. We observed that BBDs possessed two cell clusters (designated H and L), whereas MDS patients possessed a single cluster (L). Later, we used FACS to sort the H and the L cells and used interferometric phase microscopy (IPM) to image the cells without utilizing cell staining. IPM images showed that H cells are characterized by low optical path delay (OPD) in the nucleus relative to the cytoplasm, especially in cell vesicles containing ROS, whereas L cells are characterized by low OPD in the cytoplasm relative to the nucleus and no ROS-containing vesicles. Moreover, L cells present a higher average OPD and dry mass compared to H cells. When examining neutrophils from MDS patients and BBDs by IPM during flow, we identified ~20% of cells as H cells in BBDs in contrast to ~4% in MDS patients. These results indicate that IPM can be utilized for the diagnosis of complex hematological pathologies such as MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Barnea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lior Luria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Arik Girsault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ofira Dabah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Matan Dudaie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Simcha K Mirsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Drorit Merkel
- MDS Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Natan T Shaked
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Wegman M, Bakker J, Nederlof RA, Remarque EJ, Langermans JAM. Hematological and Serum Biochemical Reference Intervals for Alphaxalone Sedated Common Marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:790. [PMID: 38473175 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Marmosets are routinely used in biomedical research, therefore there is an increasing need for updated reference intervals calculated using a large sample size, correct statistics, and considering different variables. Hematological and biochemical values from 472 healthy common marmosets sedated with alphaxalone were collected over a ten-year period (2013-2023). The variables assumed to have influenced the blood-based parameters were compared, i.e., sex, age, housing condition, pregnancy, and contraceptive use. Reference intervals were calculated based on observed percentiles without parametric assumptions, and with parametric assumptions following Box-Cox transformation. Juvenile marmosets showed increased ALP, phosphate, WBC, lymphocyte count, and basophil count and decreased levels of GGT and Fe compared to adults. Marmosets housed strictly indoors showed increased ALT and GGT levels and decreased levels of total bilirubin and neutrophil count compared to marmosets housed with outdoor access. Pregnant marmosets showed increased ALP, total bilirubin, neutrophil count, monocyte count, and basophil count, and decreased levels of AST, ALT, cholesterol, Fe, and lymphocyte count compared to non-pregnant marmosets. Etonogestrel contracepted marmosets showed decreased P-LCR compared to females who were not contracepted. Updated reference intervals will aid researchers and veterinarians in identifying physiological and pathological changes, as well as improve the reproducibility of research in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Wegman
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Remco A Nederlof
- Department Population Health Sciences, Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edmond J Remarque
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- Department Population Health Sciences, Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Schroeder JM, Lee HYC, Schultze AE. Performance evaluation of the Sysmex XN-1000V in side-by-side comparison with the Siemens ADVIA 120 and manual methods for healthy CD Sprague-Dawley rats and CD-1 mice. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:8-39. [PMID: 38164989 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sysmex XN-1000V automated hematology analyzer with multispecies software was released in June 2017 for use in research laboratories. Laser light, impedance, fluorescent staining, and fluorescent flow cytometry are used to analyze whole blood for CBC, reticulocyte counts, and WBC counts, including a 5-part differential leukocyte analysis. OBJECTIVES A side-by-side comparison of the Sysmex XN-1000V with the Siemens ADVIA 120 in analyzing blood from healthy mice and rats will provide insight into the performance of the new analyzer and its capabilities for use in drug development studies. Method correlation analyses on normal mouse and rat hematology data collected with both analyzers and manual reference methods will help determine the reliability of the data produced using the Sysmex XN-1000V analyzer. METHODS Whole blood samples collected in K2 EDTA from healthy CD-1 mice and CD Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed in parallel with the XN-1000V and ADVIA 120 analyzers. Male and female mice, approximately 6-9 weeks old, and male and female rats, approximately 7-9 weeks old, were included in this study. Manual reference methods for WBC differential leukocyte analysis and packed cell volume (PCV) measurements were also performed. EP Evaluator version 11.2 (Data Innovations LLC, South Burlington, VT, USA) was used for method comparison statistical analysis. RESULTS Most hematologic parameters for naïve mice and rats achieved correlation in the fair to excellent range, with the majority showing very good to excellent correlation with low biases (<11.0%) for cohorts analyzed separately and when cohort data were combined. CONCLUSIONS The Sysmex XN-1000V Hematology Analyzer provided comparable results to those obtained from the Siemens ADVIA 120. We found the Sysmex XN-1000V Hematology Analyzer to be acceptable for use in drug development studies for rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Schroeder
- Pathology Department, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hsiu-Yung C Lee
- Global Statistics Department, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Albert E Schultze
- Pathology Department, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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14
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Oikonomidis IL, Brozos C, Tsouloufi TK, Kiossis E, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M. A comparison study between the Siemens ADVIA 120 and manual method for the differential white blood cell count in goats. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:57-62. [PMID: 38395432 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although widely used, the ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer has not been previously validated for determining the differential leukocyte count in goats. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the differential leukocyte counts provided by the ADVIA 120 (A-diff) and the manual method (M-Diff) in goats. METHODS EDTA blood samples that were analyzed within 4 h of collection were used in the study. The following exclusion criteria were applied: inappropriately filled tubes or tubes containing clots, erroneous ADVIA peroxidase cytograms, and blood smears of poor quality. The A-Diff was compared with the M-Diff performed by two independent observers on 200 leukocytes. RESULTS Forty samples were included after previously excluding eight samples. The correlation between the A-Diff and M-Diff was very strong for eosinophils (r = .870, p < .001) and strong for lymphocytes (r = .796, p < .001) and neutrophils (r = .730, p < .001), while no significant correlation was observed for monocytes (r = .026, p = .872). The Passing-Bablok regression analyses revealed statistically significant constant errors for neutrophils (5.83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41%, 12.18%) and eosinophils (1.89%; 95% CI: 1.17%, 2.71%). Bland-Altman analyses showed a statistically significant negative bias for lymphocytes (-5.0%) and a statistically significant positive bias for eosinophils (2.2%). The very low basophil percentages precluded a meaningful method comparison. CONCLUSIONS The ADVIA 120 overall demonstrated good performance for the differential WBC count in goats under the conditions of this study. Therefore, it can be considered suitable for routine hematologic screening in goats. Nonetheless, it should be emphasized that any abnormal result should be confirmed with a blood smear evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis L Oikonomidis
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Studies, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Brozos
- Farm Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora K Tsouloufi
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kiossis
- Farm Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Samuels AN, Kamr AM, Reed SM, Slovis NM, Hostnik LD, Burns TA, Toribio RE. Association of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with outcome in sick hospitalized neonatal foals. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1196-1206. [PMID: 38284437 PMCID: PMC10937482 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in human medicine is an objective biomarker that reflects prognosis. The NLR as an independent biomarker to help predict nonsurvival in hospitalized neonatal foals has not been thoroughly interrogated. OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Retrospectively evaluate if the NLR at admission is associated with nonsurvival in sick hospitalized foals <4 days old. We hypothesized that a lower NLR will be associated with nonsurvival. ANIMALS One thousand one hundred ninety-six client-owned foals <4 days old of any breed and sex: 993 hospitalized foals and 203 healthy foals. METHODS Retrospective multicenter study. Medical records of foals presenting to 3 equine referral hospitals were reviewed. Foals were included if they had complete CBCs, sepsis scores, and outcome data. The NLR was calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count. Data were analyzed by nonparametric methods and univariate analysis. RESULTS Of the 993 sick hospitalized foals, 686 were sick nonseptic and 307 were septic. The median NLR was lower in sick hospitalized foals (median [95% confidence interval], 3.55 [0.5-13.9]) compared with healthy foals (6.61 [3.06-18.1]). Septic foals had the lowest NLR (2.00 [0.20-9.71]). The NLR was lower in nonsurviving (1.97 [1.67-2.45]) compared with surviving foals (4.10 [3.76-4.33]). Nonsurviving septic foals had the lowest NLR (1.47 [1.70-3.01]). Foals with a NLR of <3.06 or <1.6 at admission had odds ratio of 3.21 (2.24-4.29) and 4.03 (2.86-5.67) for nonsurvival, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE A NLR < 3.06 at admission in sick hospitalized foals is readily available and clinically useful variable to provide prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Samuels
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ahmed M. Kamr
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | | | - Laura D. Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Teresa A. Burns
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ramiro E. Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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16
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Nasrallah OG, Mahdi JH, Bachir BG. Urethral meatus edema with peno-scrotal edema in a patient with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8699. [PMID: 38523818 PMCID: PMC10957486 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Urethral meatus edema is a rare finding and may infer a more severe form of volume overload. Management of patients with thalassemia vary in terms of the severity of the kidney injury due to transfusion, chronicity, and severity of volume overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama G. Nasrallah
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Bassel G. Bachir
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
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17
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Chen CC. Commentary on small-volume biopsy of follicular lymphoma: Practical issues in the molecular era. Cancer Cytopathol 2024; 132:136-138. [PMID: 37455596 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma derived from germinal center B-cells. Small-volume biopsies (SVBs), including fine-needle aspiration, needle core biopsy, and cell blocks, are often used for the assessment of patients with FL. Recently, Fitzpatrick et al. found that additional biopsies were frequently needed to supplement SVB for the initial diagnosis of FL. However, regardless of the type of SVB used, additional biopsies were usually not necessary for assessments for transformed or recurrent FL. Their multi-institutional study reflects the fact that SVB may be sufficient for clinical decision-making in these medical settings, although surgical excision is the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis of FL. With ancillary tests and advances in molecular testing, SVB has become increasingly popular and helpful, although there are practical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Dosoky WM, Farag SA, Almuraee AA, Youssef IM, Awlya OFA, Abusudah WF, Qadhi A, Arbaeen AF, Moustafa M, Hassan H, Tellez-Isaias G. Vitamin C and/or garlic can antagonize the toxic effects of cadmium on growth performance, hematological, and immunological parameters of growing Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103457. [PMID: 38295500 PMCID: PMC10846401 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study used 300 1-day-old, sexless, developing chicks of Japanese quail to estimate the ability of vitamin C and/or garlic to antagonize the venomous influence of cadmium (Cd) on the hematological, immunological, and performance characteristics of developing Japanese quail. The quail was separated into 5 similar groups of 60 chicks apiece, and 6 duplicates (10 each) were given to each sub-group. The control group received a basal diet without any supplements. The Cd group was nourished with a basal diet of + 80 mg cadmium chloride (CdCl2)/kg diet. The 3rd group was fed a basal diet + 80 mg CdCl2/kg diet and complemented with a 200 mg Vitamin C (Cd + C)/kg diet. The 4th group was nourished with a basal diet + 80 mg CdCl2/kg diet and complemented by a 500 mg dried garlic powder (Cd + G)/kg diet. The 5th group was fed a basal diet + 80 mg CdCl2/kg diet, complemented by a 200 mg vitamin C/kg diet + 500 mg dried garlic powder (Cd + CG)/kg diet. Results showed that in the 5th group in which cadmium was added together with Vit C + garlic, there was an improvement in both live weight gain (1-42 d) and feed consumption (1-21 and 1-42 d ) compared to the group in which Cd was added alone. The addition of Vit C alone and together with garlic seems to completely improve the cadmium-related increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels when compared to the control. Compared to cadmium-polluted diets, quail that got cadmium and feed additives significantly reduced cadmium residue. In addition, the cadmium group's serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) level decreased significantly. These data imply that dietary supplementation with (C) or (G) may be beneficial in retrogressing the drop in immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM caused by Cd and minimizing Cd's deleterious influence on immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Dosoky
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Soha A Farag
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Areej A Almuraee
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Ohaad F A Awlya
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa F Abusudah
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Qadhi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad F Arbaeen
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Hassan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Koepsell SA, Stolla M, Sedjo RL, Carson J, Knudson M, Cook R, Fasano R, Ngamsuntikul SG, Cohn C, Gorlin J, Delaney M, Slichter S, Ness P, McCullough J. Results of clinical effectiveness of conventional versus Mirasol-treated Apheresis Platelets in Patients with Hypoproliferative Thrombocytopenia (MiPLATE) trial. Transfusion 2024; 64:457-465. [PMID: 38314476 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mirasol® Pathogen Reduction Technology System was developed to reduce transfusion-transmitted diseases in platelet (PLT) products. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS MiPLATE trial was a prospective, multicenter, controlled, randomized, non-inferiority (NI) study of the clinical effectiveness of conventional versus Mirasol-treated Apheresis PLTs in participants with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia. The novel primary endpoint was days of ≥Grade 2 bleeding with an NI margin of 1.6. RESULTS After 330 participants were randomized, a planned interim analysis of 297 participants (145 MIRASOL, 152 CONTROL) receiving ≥1 study transfusion found a 2.79-relative rate (RR) in the MIRASOL compared to the CONTROL in number of days with ≥Grade 2 bleeding (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67-4.67). The proportion of subjects with ≥Grade 2 bleeding was 40.0% (n = 58) in MIRASOL and 30.3% (n = 46) in CONTROL (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 0.97-1.81, p = .08). Corrected count increments were lower (p < .01) and the number of PLT transfusion episodes per participant was higher (RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.41) in MIRASOL. There was no difference in the days of PLT support (hazard ratio = 0.86, 95% CI 0.68-1.08) or total number of red blood cell transfusions (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.91-1.37) between MIRASOL versus CONTROL. Transfusion emergent adverse events were reported in 119 MIRASOL participants (84.4%) compared to 133 (82.6%) participants in CONTROL (p = NS). DISCUSSION This study did not support that MIRASOL was non-inferior compared to conventional platelets using the novel endpoint number of days with ≥Grade 2 bleeding in MIRASOL when compared to CONTROL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Koepsell
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Moritz Stolla
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca L Sedjo
- Clinical Research and Development, Terumo BCT, Inc., Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffrey Carson
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Knudson
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Richard Cook
- Lifetime Scientific Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ross Fasano
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathologyand Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Claudia Cohn
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jed Gorlin
- Memorial Blood Centers, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Meghan Delaney
- Department of Pathology, Children's National Hospital and The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sherrill Slichter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul Ness
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey McCullough
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Williams M, Shropshire S, Chornarm N, Brewer M, Hawley J, Khorsand M, Lappin M. Effects of canine influenza infection and DA2PP vaccination on the development of platelet-associated immunoglobulins and platelet counts in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:47-56. [PMID: 38433107 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is commonly associated with platelet-associated immunoglobulins (PAIg). Demonstration of PAIg can help determine etiologies for thrombocytopenia. In humans, ITP and thrombocytopenia have been associated with various vaccinations and influenza infections, respectively. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate platelet counts and PAIg in research dogs with H3N2 and in research and client-owned dogs routinely vaccinated for distemper, adenovirus-2, parainfluenza, and parvovirus (DA2PP). The hypotheses were that H3N2 infection but not DA2PP vaccination would decrease platelet counts, and neither would result in the detection of PAIg. METHODS Three pilot studies. Platelet counts and PAIg, measured by direct flow cytometry as %IgG, were evaluated in eight research Beagles following experimental infection with H3N2 (experiment 1), nine research Beagles vaccinated for DA2PP (experiment 2), and thirty client-owned dogs vaccinated for DA2PP (experiment 3). All animals were considered healthy at the start of the experiments. RESULTS Transient, self-resolving decreases in platelet counts and increases in %IgG occurred following H3N2 infection, and one dog became thrombocytopenic and positive for PAIg. Following DA2PP vaccination, %IgG increased in research and client-owned dogs, but only one dog was considered positive for PAIg with a concurrent increase in platelet count. Mean PAIg increased from baseline in client-owned dogs following vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Transient PAIg and thrombocytopenia can occur following H3N2 infection, while routine vaccination for DA2PP in this group of dogs was not associated with the development of thrombocytopenia or clinically relevant formation of PAIg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Shropshire
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Nida Chornarm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa Brewer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer Hawley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew Khorsand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Borinstein SC, Moerdler S. Sounding the alarm: Why are fewer residents choosing a career in pediatric hematology/oncology? Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30830. [PMID: 38149829 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Borinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott Moerdler
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
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22
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Miller SL, Haslam A, Prasad V. Financial conflicts of interest among presenters, panellists and moderators at haematology and oncology FDA workshops. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14184. [PMID: 38407501 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the characteristics and financial conflicts of interest of presenters, panellists and moderators at haematology and oncology workshops held jointly with or hosted by the US FDA. SETTING We included information on all publicly available haematology or oncology FDA workshop agendas held between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. EXPOSURE General and research payments reported on Open Payments, industry funding to patient advocacy organizations reported on their webpages or 990 tax forms and employment in both pharmaceutical and regulatory settings. RESULTS Among physicians eligible for payments, 78% received at least one payment from the industry between 2017 and 2021. The mean general payment amount was $82,170 for all years ($16,434 per year) and the median was $14,906 for all years ($2981 per year). Sixty-nine per cent of patient advocacy speakers were representing organizations that received financial support from the pharmaceutical industry. Among those representing regulatory agencies or pharmaceutical companies, 16% had worked in both settings during their careers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings in this cross-sectional study show a majority of US-based physician presenters at haematology and oncology workshops held jointly with members of the US FDA have some financial conflict of interest with the pharmaceutical industry. These findings support the need for clear disclosures and suggest that a more balanced selection of presenters with fewer conflicts may help to limit bias in discussions between multiple stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Miller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alyson Haslam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vinay Prasad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Paim Miranda DL, Orathes Ponte Silva AM, Pereira Ferreira D, Teixeira da Silva L, Lins-Kusterer L, de Queiroz Crusoé E, Vieira Lima MB, Aurélio Salvino M. Variability in the perception of palliative care and end-of-life care among hematology professionals from the same reference center in Bahia, Brazil: A descriptive cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2024; 142:e2023225. [PMID: 38422243 PMCID: PMC10885630 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2023.0255.r1.29112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several illness-specific cultural and system-based barriers to palliative care (PC) integration and end-of-life (EOL) care in the field of oncohematology. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the variability in the perceptions of PC and EOL care. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hematology Division of our University Hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. METHODS Twenty physicians responded to a sociodemographic questionnaire and an adaptation of clinical questionnaires used in previous studies from October to December 2022. RESULTS The median age of the participants was 44 years, 80% of the participants identified as female, and 75% were hematologists. Participants faced a hypothetical scenario involving the treatment of a 65-year-old female with a poor prognosis acute myeloid leukemia refractory to first-line treatment. Sixty percent of the participants chose to follow other chemotherapy regimens, whereas 40% opted for PC. Next, participants considered case salvage for the patient who developed septic shock following chemotherapy and were prompted to choose their most probable conduct, and the conduct they thought would be better for the patient. Even though participants were from the same center, we found a divergence from the most probable conduct among 40% of the participants, which was due to personal convictions, legal aspects, and other physicians' reactions. CONCLUSIONS We found considerable differences in the perception of PC and EOL care among professionals, despite following the same protocols. The study also demonstrated variations between healthcare professionals' beliefs and practices and persistent historical tendencies to prioritize aggressive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lopes Paim Miranda
- MD. MSc student, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Medical School, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Alini Maria Orathes Ponte Silva
- MD. MSc student, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Medical School, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - David Pereira Ferreira
- Medicine Student, Medical School, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Laís Teixeira da Silva
- MD. MSc student, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Medical School, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Liliane Lins-Kusterer
- PhD. Dental Surgeon, Professor, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Medical School, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Edvan de Queiroz Crusoé
- MD, PhD. Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Marianna Batista Vieira Lima
- MD. Physician, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Salvino
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Medical School, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil
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Bernardi C, Garibotto V, Mobashwera B, Negrin RS, Alam IS, Simonetta F. Molecular Imaging of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:jnumed.123.266552. [PMID: 38360050 PMCID: PMC10924161 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive molecular imaging of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has great potential to detect GvHD at the early stages, aid in grading of the disease, monitor treatment response, and guide therapeutic decisions. Although the specificity of currently available tracers appears insufficient for clinical GvHD diagnosis, recently, several preclinical studies have identified promising new imaging agents targeting one or more biologic processes involved in GvHD pathogenesis, ranging from T-cell activation to tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the different approaches reported to date for noninvasive detection of GvHD using molecular imaging with a specific focus on the use of PET. We discuss possible applications of molecular imaging for the detection of GvHD in the clinical setting, as well as some of the predictable challenges that are faced during clinical translation of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Behnaz Mobashwera
- Department of Hematology, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Israt S Alam
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland;
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Ruiz N, García-Meilán I, Khansari AR, Teles M, Pastor J, Tort L. Repeated hypoxic episodes allow hematological and physiological habituation in rainbow trout. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1289903. [PMID: 38390451 PMCID: PMC10882073 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1289903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Under climate change, the increase in temperature in aquatic environments may induce oxygen depletion. In extreme cases, low oxygen may become a limiting factor for fish, thus generating stress. In addition, consecutive hypoxic episodes may complicate the recovery of individuals and hinder their ability to modulate physiological and biochemical responses to maintain homeostasis. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the hematological and physiological responses of rainbow trout under a condition of repeated hypoxic and manipulation stresses at three different time points. Methods: Every hypoxic episode consisted of exposing the fish to low dissolved oxygen concentrations (2 mgO2/L for 1 h). Following the exposure, the fish were allowed to recover for 1 h, after which they were sampled to investigate hematological and physiological parameters. Results and discussion: The results showed a pattern of habituation reflected by values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume, indicating a certain ability of rainbow trout to resist this type of repeated hypoxic events, provided that the fish can have some recovery time between the exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene García-Meilán
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ali Reza Khansari
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Pastor
- Departament of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Letete N, Vaz D. Late-Onset Hydroxyurea-Induced Melanonychia and Tongue Hyperpigmentation in a Patient With Polycythemia Vera: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e53642. [PMID: 38449930 PMCID: PMC10917399 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In a rare case, a 70-year-old female with polycythemia vera developed late-onset melanonychia, a seldom-documented side effect of hydroxyurea. Typically, melanonychia emerges within months of treatment, but this case is unique as it occurred four years into therapy. Notably, the patient, with darker skin, also had hyperpigmentation of her hands and tongue. Her history of hydroxyurea-associated ulcers and symptoms worsening with dose adjustment suggested drug involvement. While mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation from hydroxyurea is known, melanonychia and tongue hyperpigmentation are rarely reported, mostly in early treatment. This case highlights the importance of recognizing these side effects, especially in diverse populations and darker skin tones. The diverse skin tones seen in Sub-Saharan Africa add complexity to diagnosing such dermatological conditions, highlighting the need for awareness. Melanonychia can mimic severe conditions such as subungual melanoma, emphasizing the significance of accurate recognition and management without invasive tests. Educating clinicians and patients about these benign drug-related phenomena is essential for precise identification and management. This case contributes to understanding late-onset hydroxyurea-induced melanonychia and tongue hyperpigmentation, enhancing clinical knowledge in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nena Letete
- Haematology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, ZAF
- Haematology, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, ZAF
- Haematology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, ZAF
| | - Deborah Vaz
- Haematology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, ZAF
- Haematology, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, ZAF
- Haematology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, ZAF
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27
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Grunseid LV, Kirsh N. Hematologist Bracha Ramot (1927-2006): Between the bedside and the bench. J Med Biogr 2024; 32:166-175. [PMID: 36562174 DOI: 10.1177/09677720221140083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem opened the first medical school in Israel in May 1949. One of the select 45 students of its first class was Bracha (Chweidan) Ramot. After completing her medical studies with distinction, she went on to specialize in internal medicine and hematology and soon became a central figure in the development of hematology in Israel. In 1958, Ramot established the Hematological Institute at Tel-Hashomer hospital and served as its director until 1991. She devoted much of her time and effort to researching environmental and genetic factors that influence hematological conditions: deficiencies in coagulation factors, glucose metabolism disorders, and especially leukemias and lymphomas, including the type known as Hodgkin's disease. In 2001, Ramot, "The Doyenne of Israeli Hematology" as she was called in publications of the Albert Einstein Institute, was awarded the Israel Prize in Medical Sciences, the country's most prestigious prize. Her biography personifies the ability to overcome obstacles and challenges in one's personal life while concurrently becoming an exceedingly successful physician and researcher of extraordinary achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurit Kirsh
- The Biological Thought Program, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
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28
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Hollenstein M, Tueni A, Wiedermann J, Eisenbock B, Thalhammer R, Haslacher H. Evaluation of the Sysmex DI-60 digital morphology analyzer on Wright-stained samples with a focus on prevalence-dependent quality indicators. Int J Lab Hematol 2024; 46:83-91. [PMID: 37751907 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the trueness of the DI-60 Digital Cell Imaging Analyzer on Wright-stained samples with a focus on prevalence-dependent quality indicators for differential blood counts requested from non-hematology wards. METHODS Two hundred and ninety-nine samples were included into this performance evaluation study at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna. The following aspects were verified: (a) the reliability of automatedly pre-classified differential counts, (b) the concordance of DI-60 counts with manual-microscopic differential counts and (c) the agreement of DI-60 and manual-microscopic results regarding clinically relevant findings. RESULTS 82.3% of all leukocytes were correctly pre-classified. Cell categories with a low prevalence (eosinophils, basophils, progenitors/precursors) in non-hematological patients presented with a low positive predictive value (PPV), indicating a high frequency of false positives. Comparisons between visually adjusted results of the DI-60 and manual-microscopic differential counts revealed a good concordance for neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. Besides the detection of precursors/progenitors and normoblasts, no relevant systemic errors were detected. However, due to their low prevalence and technical aspects, the detection of basophilia, monocytosis or the presence of precursors/progenitors showed comparably low accuracies (error rates of 7.4%-24.1%). CONCLUSION The DI-60 system works well for Wright-stained samples collected in the non-hematology ward. Due to the varying prevalence of cell categories found in peripheral blood, a low PPV can be expected with automatic assignment for those cells with low prevalence (e.g., basophils, eosinophils, precursor and progenitor cells, plasma cells). If the pre-test probability of these conditions is increased, manual microscopic processing may be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Hollenstein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Tueni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Wiedermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Eisenbock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Thalhammer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sun T, Xavier M. A case of indolent systemic mastocytosis responding to treatment with Avapritinib. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8500. [PMID: 38405360 PMCID: PMC10890967 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Low dose Avapritinib is a new medication that is a potential treatment option not just for advanced systemic mastocytosis, but also for the indolent form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence Sun
- Department of MedicineInternal Medicine Resident, Scripps Mercy HospitalSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marin Xavier
- Division of Hematology/OncologyScripps Clinic Medical Group, Prebys Cancer CenterSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Breenfeldt Andersen A, Bonne TC, Nordsborg NB, Holm-Sørensen H, Bejder J. Duplicate measures of hemoglobin mass within an hour: feasibility, reliability, and comparison of three devices in supine position. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2024; 84:1-10. [PMID: 38265850 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2024.2303711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Duplicate measure of hemoglobin mass by carbon monoxide (CO)-rebreathing is a logistical challenge as recommendations prompt several hours between measures to minimize CO-accumulation. This study investigated the feasibility and reliability of performing duplicate CO-rebreathing procedures immediately following one another. Additionally, it was evaluated whether the obtained hemoglobin mass from three different CO-rebreathing devices is comparable. Fifty-five healthy participants (22 males, 23 females) performed 222 duplicate CO-rebreathing procedures in total. Additionally, in a randomized cross-over design 10 participants completed three experimental trials, each including three CO-rebreathing procedures, with the first and second separated by 24 h and the second and third separated by 5-10 min. Each trial was separated by >48 h and conducted using either a glass-spirometer, a semi-automated electromechanical device, or a standard three-way plastic valve designed for pulmonary measurements. Hemoglobin mass was 3 ± 22 g lower (p < 0.05) at the second measure when performed immediately after the first with a typical error of 1.1%. Carboxyhemoglobin levels reached 10.9 ± 1.3%. In the randomized trial, hemoglobin mass was similar between the glass-spirometer and three-way valve, but ∼6% (∼50 g) higher for the semi-automated device. Notably, differences in hemoglobin mass were up to ∼13% (∼100 g) when device-specific recommendations for correction of CO loss to myoglobin and exhalation was followed. In conclusion, it is feasible and reliable to perform two immediate CO-rebreathing procedures. Hemoglobin mass is comparable between the glass-spirometer and the three-way plastic valve, but higher for the semi-automated device. The differences are amplified if the device-specific recommendations of CO-loss corrections are followed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Christian Bonne
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Holm-Sørensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bejder
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pearson AB, Hückstädt LA, Kinsey ST, Schmitt TL, Robeck TR, St Leger J, Ponganis PJ, Tift MS. Relationship between red blood cell lifespan and endogenous carbon monoxide in the common bottlenose dolphin and beluga. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R134-R146. [PMID: 37982188 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00172.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Certain deep-diving marine mammals [i.e., northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)] have blood carbon monoxide (CO) levels that are comparable with those of chronic cigarette smokers. Most CO produced in humans is a byproduct of heme degradation, which is released when red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed. Elevated CO can occur in humans when RBC lifespan decreases. The contribution of RBC turnover to CO concentrations in marine mammals is unknown. Here, we report the first RBC lifespans in two healthy marine mammal species with different diving capacities and heme stores, the shallow-diving bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and deep-diving beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), and we relate the lifespans to the levels of CO in blood and breath. The belugas, with high blood heme stores, had the longest mean RBC lifespan compared with humans and bottlenose dolphins. Both cetacean species were found to have three times higher blood CO content compared with humans. The estimated CO production rate from heme degradation indicates some marine mammals may have additional mechanisms for CO production, or delay CO removal from the body, potentially from long-duration breath-holds.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to determine the red blood cell lifespan in a marine mammal species. High concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) were found in the blood of bottlenose dolphins and in the blood and breath of belugas compared with healthy humans. Red blood cell turnover accounted for these high levels in bottlenose dolphins, but there may be alternative mechanisms of endogenous CO production that are contributing to the CO concentrations observed in belugas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Pearson
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States
| | - Luis A Hückstädt
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T Kinsey
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States
| | - Todd L Schmitt
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Todd R Robeck
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Judy St Leger
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Paul J Ponganis
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Michael S Tift
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States
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Monagel DA, Albaity AO, Asiri FM, Alghamdi LN, Alsufyani RA, Alqarni RB, Bahatheq SK, Ahmed O, Elimam N, Althubaiti A. Vitamin D Deficiency in Pediatric Oncology Patients: A Single-Center Experience in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e54807. [PMID: 38529460 PMCID: PMC10961921 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of local studies on vitamin D deficiency in children with cancer. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric oncology population at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, addressing knowledge gaps for improved clinical practice and future research. Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted from 2016 to 2021 at the pediatric oncology clinic in National Guard Hospital, Jeddah. The study focused on children aged 14 or younger at cancer diagnosis, data encompassed patient demographics, cancer details, and treatment information, including serum measurements of vitamin D (25(OH)D, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase). Vitamin D levels were categorized as deficient (<25 ng/ml), insufficient (25-49 ng/ml), sufficient (≥50- 125 ng/ml), or hypervitaminosis (>125 ng/ml), based on our center reference range and the validation of the assay. Results In this retrospective study of 155 pediatric oncology patients, the majority aged 0 to 10 years (78%), findings reveal a male preponderance (54.2%) and a more prevalent in patients with hematological malignancies (85%). Chemotherapy was administered to 98%, with 7% underwent radiotherapy, and 89% received steroids. Analysis of serum 25-OH vitamin D levels indicated an overall deficiency and insufficiency at diagnosis (63%) and post-therapy (43%). Age and gender had a significant influence on vitamin D levels at diagnosis, with older children and females exhibiting lower concentrations. However, these differences diminished by the end of therapy. Notably, hematological malignancy patients often presented insufficient vitamin D levels, while solid tumor patients frequently had sufficient levels. Clinical outcomes showed a high survival rate (90.7%), limited bone density assessments (18.1%), and a 14.2% prevalence of hypervitaminosis. Conclusion In summary, our study reveals that over two-thirds of pediatric oncology patients experience vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency at the time of diagnosis, particularly notable in females and older children. Notably, those with solid tumors exhibit higher baseline 25-OH vitamin D concentrations compared to counterparts with hematological malignancies. The findings underscore the importance of educating both patients and caregivers on supplementation and sun exposure to mitigate the prevalence of deficient and insufficient vitamin D levels in pediatric oncology cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania A Monagel
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
- Oncology, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Amal O Albaity
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Fatimah M Asiri
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Lama N Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Raghad A Alsufyani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Reem B Alqarni
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Shaden K Bahatheq
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Omaima Ahmed
- Oncology, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Naglla Elimam
- Oncology, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Alaa Althubaiti
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
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Krumm B, Saugy JJ, Botrè F, Faiss R. Impact of low-volume blood withdrawal on hematological biomarkers for the athlete biological passport. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:168-173. [PMID: 37303297 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of low-volume blood withdrawal on the hematological biomarkers currently considered for anti-doping purposes. After baseline measurement (D - 7), a 140 mL blood withdrawal was completed (D + 0) on 12 healthy volunteers, followed by weekly monitoring for 21 days (D + 7 - 21). Each visit consisted of a full blood count (Sysmex XN-1000) and duplicate blood volume measurements by CO-rebreathing. A significant decrease in total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) (-2.3%, p = 0.007) and red blood cell volume (RBCV) (-2.8%, p = 0.028) was reported at D + 7. Despite no atypical passport finding (ATPF) when considering the athlete biological passport adaptive longitudinal model, hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) increased significantly at D + 21 (+3.8%, p = 0.031). Besides, ferritin (FERR) was significantly downregulated at all points following blood withdrawal, with the largest decrease occurring at D + 7 (-26.6%, p < 0.001). Regardless of the presumable effect of blood reinfusion on ABP biomarkers, these results illustrate the challenge of monitoring hematological variables for the detection of low-volume blood withdrawal. Finally, this study outlines the sensitivity of FERR to altered erythropoiesis to support the implementation of iron markers as complementary variables for the longitudinal monitoring of blood doping, despite the potential influence of confounding factors (e.g., iron supplementations).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Krumm
- REDs, Research & Expertise in anti-Doping sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J J Saugy
- REDs, Research & Expertise in anti-Doping sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Botrè
- REDs, Research & Expertise in anti-Doping sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Faiss
- REDs, Research & Expertise in anti-Doping sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Daly S, Graham PA, Freeman KP. Repeat patient testing-quality control with canine samples shows promise as an alternative to commercial quality control material for a network of four Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology analyzers. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53 Suppl 1:39-47. [PMID: 37232498 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeat patient testing-quality control (RPT-QC) uses retained patient samples as an alternative to commercial quality control material (QCM). We elected to calculate and validate RPT-QC limits for red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HBG), hematocrit (HCT), and white blood cell count (WBC). OBJECTIVES (1) To validate RPT-QC across a network of four harmonized Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology analyzers and determine the total error that can be controlled with RPT-QC. (2) To generate quality control (QC) limits using the standard deviation (SD) of the duplicate measurement differences and determine a suitable simple QC rule with a probability of error detection >0.85 and probability of false rejection <0.05. (3) Monitor RPT-QC using sigma metrics as a performance indicator and (4) to challenge RPT-QC to ensure acceptable sensitivity. METHODS Fresh adult canine EDTA samples with results within reference intervals were selected and run again on days 2, 3, and 4. QC limits were generated from the SD of the duplicate measurement differences. The QC limits were challenged using interventions designed to promote unstable system performance. The total error detectable by RPT-QC was determined using EZRULES 3 software. RESULTS In all, 20-40 data points were needed for RPT-QC calculations and validated using 20 additional data points. The calculated limits differed among the network of analyzers. The total error that could be controlled was the same or better than that of the manufacturer's commercially available quality control material using the same analyzer for all measurands except hematocrit, which required a higher total error goal than that proposed by ASVCP guidelines to achieve an acceptable probability of error detection. The challenges designed to mimic unstable system performance were successfully detected as out-of-control QC. CONCLUSIONS The challenges for RPT-QC resulted in acceptable detection of potential unstable system performance. This initial study demonstrates that RPT-QC limits differ among the network of Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzers, indicating a requirement to customize for the individual analyzer and laboratory conditions. RPT-QC could achieve ASVCP total allowable error goals for RBC, HGB, and WBC, but not for HCT. Sigma metrics were consistently >5.5 for RBC, HGB, and WBC, but not for HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Daly
- SYNLAB-VPG/Cork, South Cork Industrial Estate, Cork, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Peter A Graham
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
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Darphin X, Moor J, da Silva CE, Richters A, Özdemir BC. Awareness of the impact of sex and gender in the disease risk and outcomes in hematology and medical oncology-a survey of Swiss clinicians. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1961. [PMID: 38258483 PMCID: PMC10849995 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although male and female cancer patients are distinct in many ways, there is a limited understanding in the differences between male and female biology and differing pharmacokinetic responses to cancer drugs. In fact, sex and gender are currently not considered in most treatment decisions in the fields of oncology and hematology. The lack of knowledge about potential sex differences in both disciplines may lead to differences in treatment efficacy, toxicity, and the overall survival (OS) of patients. AIM To evaluate their awareness about sex and gender in clinical practice we surveyed Swiss hematologists and oncologists from September to November 2022. METHODS We collected data about the clinical knowledge, experimental research, palliative care, quality of life, as well as the participant perception of the importance of sex and gender. We identified 767 eligible clinicians, of whom 150 completed the survey (20% response rate). RESULTS While most participants agreed that sex and gender were relevant when treating patients, it became clear that fewer participants knew about sex and gender differences in treatment toxicity and survival, which in turn would affect the treatment of their patients. Most participants agreed that this topic should be integrated into continuing education and research. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the need for more awareness and training on sex and gender in cancer research and clinical care among oncologists and hematologists. Ideally, by better educating medical students and health professionals, a demand is created for improving research policies, publications and therefore patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Darphin
- Department of HematologySpital LimmattalSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Jeanne Moor
- Department of Internal MedicineBern University HospitalBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Anke Richters
- Department of Research and DevelopmentThe Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer OrganisationUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Berna C. Özdemir
- Department of Medical OncologyBern University HospitalBernSwitzerland
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Benitez‐Hidalgo O, Suito Alcántara M, Martinez Garcia MF, Campoy D, Olivera P, Gironella Mesa M, Juarez‐Gimenez JC. Portal vein thrombosis in a patient with severe hemophilia B: A challenging balanced management. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8121. [PMID: 38333660 PMCID: PMC10849981 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message The increased life expectancy in patients with hemophilia (PwH) over the last years has raised the incidence of comorbidities, including thromboembolic events. Thromboembolic events are rare in PwH and most of them occur in the presence of exogenous risk factors. There is still scarce scientific evidence on the optimal antithrombotic treatment and management approach in this population. Abstract In the hemophilic population thromboembolic events are rare. Most of them are often multifactorial and occur in the presence of both exogenous (orthopedic surgery, intensive replacement therapy, use of central venous catheters…) and endogenous (cardiovascular diseases) risk factors. We describe the case of a 43-year-old patient with severe hemophilia B (sHB) receiving prophylaxis with eftrenonacog alfa (rFIXFc) and antithrombotic treatment due to portal vein thrombosis. The patient was treated with extended half- life factor IX (EHL-FIX) prophylaxis maintaining higher trough levels to avoid new bleeding episodes associated to the underlying disease and the use of antithrombotic therapy with low molecular weight heparin. EHL-FIX concentrates allow prolonged intervals between intravenous infusions and higher hemostatic protection thanks to increased factor trough levels. This current case report provides clinical evidence in antithrombotic management in a patient with severe hemophilia B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Benitez‐Hidalgo
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelonaSpain
- Medicine DepartmentUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Milagros Suito Alcántara
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelonaSpain
- Medicine DepartmentUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria Fernanda Martinez Garcia
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelonaSpain
- Medicine DepartmentUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Desiree Campoy
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelonaSpain
- Medicine DepartmentUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pavel Olivera
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelonaSpain
- Medicine DepartmentUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mercedes Gironella Mesa
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelonaSpain
- Medicine DepartmentUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Ouzzif Z, Eddair Y, Laassara W, El Maaroufi H, Mahtat EM. Non-Secretory Multiple Myeloma: A New Observation and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e54479. [PMID: 38510859 PMCID: PMC10954289 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-secreting multiple myeloma is a rare variant of multiple myeloma that affects a relatively young population. It is characterized by the non-secretory nature of malignant plasma cells. The following case report describes the history of a 54-year-old patient with non-secretory myeloma revealed by mechanical and inflammatory low back pain. The bone and neurological involvement, the presence of diffuse osteolytic lesions and the increase in the serum kappa free light chains (FLC) level prompted a myelogram. This finds medullary invasion by dystrophic plasma cells. The absence of detection of complete or incomplete monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood and urine, as well as the revelation of cytogenetic abnormalities of plasma cells, allows the diagnosis of non-secreting multiple myeloma to be made. This clinical case aims to describe the unusual presentation of this rare form of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ouzzif
- Biochemistry, Metabolic and Molecular Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Training Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MAR
| | - Yassine Eddair
- Hematology and Immunohematology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Training Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MAR
| | - Wissal Laassara
- Hematology and Immunohematology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Training Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MAR
| | - Hicham El Maaroufi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Training Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MAR
| | - El Mehdi Mahtat
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Training Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MAR
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Daly S, Rishniw M, Graham PA, Freeman KP. Repeat patient testing-quality control compared to commercial quality control material for the Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology analyzer in a multi-site veterinary laboratory. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53 Suppl 1:48-59. [PMID: 38356015 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality control material (QCM) for hematology in veterinary laboratories is limited, and repeat patient testing quality control (RPT-QC) is an alternative method using excess matrix-specific samples. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine if median differences between RPT-QC analyses for each time interval for RBC, HGB, HCT, and WBC were the same, determine if unified RPT-QC limits can be applied to a network of veterinary laboratories, compare the performance of RPT-QC to commercial QCM for the reference analyzer and evaluate the experience over a 4 month period and design, improve and implement an automated spreadsheet for RPT-QC data management. METHODS The potential to unify individual analyzer RPT-QC limits for red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), and white blood cells (WBC) on multi-site Sysmex XT-2000-iV analyzers was explored by a difference of means test and confidence interval determination for the median difference for each network analyzer in comparison to the network reference analyzer. User experience of an automated RPT-QC data management Excel spreadsheet was collected by user feedback during monthly meetings. Numbers of out-of-control results and the root causes for these for RPT-QC were compared against those of a commercial QCM over a 4-month period. RESULTS Differences between individual analyzer RPT-QC limits were too large to allow for unification of network limits. The automated spreadsheet successfully highlighted out-of-control events for RPT-QC. Trends or shifts were more frequent for commercial QCM based on observed performance and a 1-2.5 s QC rule than for RPT-QC. Following routine troubleshooting, RPT-QC out-of-control events were resolved with an alternative RPT-QC sample indicating random error associated with excessive deterioration. Use of an automated spreadsheet for recording RPT-QC, documentation and troubleshooting of out-of-control events, and collating monthly summary calculations were considered an asset in laboratory quality management. CONCLUSIONS RPT-QC can be successfully implemented and integrated into a multi-site veterinary laboratory. Individual analyzer RPT-QC limit generation is recommended. The deterioration of commercial QCM caused shifts or trends in QC results, which initiated more repeat analyses and investigations than did RPT-QC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Daly
- Veterinary Pathology Group, Brushville House, Dosco Business Park, Cork, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - M Rishniw
- Veterinary Information Network, Davis, California, USA
| | - P A Graham
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - K P Freeman
- Veterinary Information Network, Davis, California, USA
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Espiritu H, Lee HW, Al Faruk MS, Jin SJ, Lee SS, Cho YI. Latitude and seasons influence the prevalence of Theileria orientalis and affect the hematology of non-grazed dairy cows in Korea. Parasites Hosts Dis 2024; 62:64-74. [PMID: 38443771 PMCID: PMC10915266 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of regional and seasonal variations on the prevalence of Theileria orientalis and the hematological profile of non-grazed dairy cows in Korea. A total of 365 clinically healthy lactating Holstein Friesian cows from 26 dairy farms in 7 provinces that were categorized into northern, central, and southern regions were sampled during the warm period from July to August and the cold period from October to December. The detection of T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein gene and the hematology non-grazed dairy cows were analyzed using peripheral blood samples. The T. orientalis prevalence was 20.0% (73/365). The prevalence in the southern region was 35.9%, which was significantly higher than that in the central (21.6%) and northern (12.9%) regions (P < 0.05). The prevalence during warm period was higher (43.0%) than that during the cold season (13.5%). The infected cows showed significantly lower erythrocyte counts in the southern region (5.8 ± 0.6 M/µl) and during the warm period (5.8 ± 0.7 M/µl) compared with those in the central and northern regions and during the cold season, which affected the extended RBC parameters, including hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations. Our findings revealed the prevalence of T. orientalis in Korea, highlighting its high occurrence during warm periods and in certain geographical regions. Climatic factors could contribute to the health and productivity of cattle, as evidenced by the prevalence of T. orientalis and its negative impact on animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Espiritu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Hee-Woon Lee
- Mari Animal Medical Center, Yongin, 17178,
Korea
| | - Md Shohel Al Faruk
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Jin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Yong-Il Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
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Krumm B, Lundby C, Hansen J, Bejder J, Sørensen H, Equey T, Saugy J, Botrè F, Faiss R. Yearly intrasubject variability of hematological biomarkers in elite athletes for the Athlete Biological Passport. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38291831 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Confounding factors including exercise and environments challenge the interpretation of individual Athlete Biological Passports (ABPs). This study aimed to investigate the natural variability of hematological ABP parameters over 1 year in elite athletes compared with healthy control subjects and the validity of a multiparametric model estimating plasma volume (PV) shifts to correct individual ABP thresholds. Blood samples were collected monthly with full blood counts performed by flow cytometry (Sysmex XN analyzers) in 20 elite xc-skiers (ELITE) and 20 moderately trained controls. Individual ABP profiles were generated through Anti-Doping Administration & Management System Training, a standalone version of the ABP's adaptive model developed by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Additionally, eight serum parameters were computed as volume-sensitive biomarkers to run a multiparametric model to estimate PV. Variability in ELITE compared with controls was significantly higher for the Abnormal Blood Profile Scores (P = 0.003). Among 12 Atypical Passport Findings (ATPF) initially reported, six could be removed after correction of PV shifts with the multiparametric modeling. However, several ATPF were additionally generated (n = 19). Our study outlines a larger intraindividual variability in elite athletes, likely explained by more frequent exposure to extrinsic factors altering hematological biomarkers. PV correction for individual ABP thresholds allowed to explain most of the atypical findings while generating multiple new ATPF occurrences in the elite population. Overall, accounting for PV shifts in elite athletes was shown to be paramount in this study outlining the opportunity to consider PV variations with novel approaches when interpreting individual ABP profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Krumm
- REDs, Research & Expertise in antiDoping Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joar Hansen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Jacob Bejder
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sørensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tristan Equey
- Athlete Biological Passport, Science Department, WADA, World Anti-Doping Agency, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonas Saugy
- REDs, Research & Expertise in antiDoping Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Botrè
- REDs, Research & Expertise in antiDoping Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael Faiss
- REDs, Research & Expertise in antiDoping Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bodinof Jachowski CM, Alaasam V, Blumenthal A, Davis AK, Hopkins WA. The habitat quality paradox: loss of riparian forest cover leads to decreased risk of parasitism and improved body condition in an imperiled amphibian. Conserv Physiol 2024; 12:coad101. [PMID: 38293638 PMCID: PMC10823334 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Amphibian declines are a global phenomenon but responses of populations to specific threats are often context dependent and mediated by individual physiological condition. Habitat degradation due to reduced riparian forest cover and parasitism are two threats facing the hellbender salamander (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), but their potential to interact in nature remains largely unexplored. We investigated associations between forest cover, parasitic infection and physiology of hellbenders to test the hypotheses that physiological condition responds to infection and/or habitat degradation. We sampled 17 stream reaches in southwest Virginia, USA, on a year-round basis from 2013 to 2016 and recorded 841 captures of 405 unique hellbenders. At each capture we documented prevalence of two blood-associated parasites (a leech and trypanosome) and quantified up to three physiological condition indices (body condition, hematocrit, white blood cell [WBC] differentials). We used generalized linear mixed models to describe spatiotemporal variation in parasitic infection and each condition index. In general, living in the most heavily forested stream reaches, where hellbender density was highest, was associated with the greatest risk of parasitism, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N:L) ratios and eosinophils, slightly lower hematocrit and lower mean body condition in hellbenders. All condition indices fluctuated temporally in a manner consistent with seasonal variation in hellbender metabolic demands and breeding phenology and were associated with land use during at least part of the year. Paradoxically, relatively low levels of forest cover appeared to confer a potential advantage to individuals in the form of release from parasites and improved body condition. Despite improved body condition, individuals from less forested areas failed to exhibit fluctuating body condition in response to spawning, which was typical in hellbenders from more forested habitats. We postulate this lack of fluctuation could be due to reduced conspecific competition or reproductive investment and/or high rates of filial cannibalism in response to declining forest cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Bodinof Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - Arden Blumenthal
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew K Davis
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - William A Hopkins
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Fazio F, Costa A, Capparucci F, Costa G, Parrino V, Arfuso F. Automated Hematological Approach and Protein Electrophoretic Pattern in Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus): An Innovative and Experimental Model for Aquaculture. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:392. [PMID: 38338035 PMCID: PMC10854657 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the usefulness of two innovative automated methods (automated blood count counters and flow cytometry) for hematological investigation in Tilapia to make a contribution to the clinical diagnostics of this farmed species. Moreover, serum total proteins and their electrophoretic fractions (prealbumin, albumin, α-, β-, and γ-fraction), as health condition indicators, were assessed. The analysis of serum total proteins and electrophoretic fraction showed a normal and typical electrophoretic pattern of healthy fish (serum total proteins, 3.70 ± 0.62 g/dL; prealbumin, 0.44 ± 0.20 g/dL; albumin, 1.17 ± 0.66 g/dL; α-fraction, 1.49 ± 0.64 g/dL; β-fraction, 0.32 ± 0.16 g/dL; and γ-fraction, 0.29 ± 0.13 g/dL). The relationships between the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and thrombocytes (TCs) obtained with the two automated methods were determined using Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed a significant positive correlation between automatic blood cell counting and flow cytometry analysis for RBCs (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001) and WBCs (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001), whereas no correlation was found for TCs (r = -0.11, p = 0.66). The preliminary results gathered in this study seem to highlight the usefulness of the new analytical techniques herein investigated in tilapia, suggesting their application in the hematological investigation of farmed fish species and their usefulness for monitoring the health and well-being of fish reared in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Gregorio Costa
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
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Di Francesco A, Raiola AM, Dominietto A, Di Grazia C, Gualandi F, Van Lint MT, Bregante S, Chiusolo P, Laurenti L, Sora F, Giammarco S, Metafuni E, Fresa A, Sica S, Angelucci E, Bacigalupo A. Acute graft versus host disease 1976-2020: reduced incidence and predictive factors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1320692. [PMID: 38327272 PMCID: PMC10847269 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1320692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We studied the incidence of acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) and its outcome in three consecutive time frames (year <2000; 2000-2010; >2010), in 3,120 patients allografted in two transplant Centers between 1976 and 2020. The median age increased over the three periods from 32 to 42 to 54 years (p < 0.00001). The median day of onset of GvHD in the three periods was day +14, day +16, and day +30, respectively (p < 0.0001). The cumulative incidence (CI) of GvHD grades II-IV in the three periods was 47, 24, and 16%, respectively (p < 0.00001). The CI of GvHD grades III-IV was 13, 5, and 4% (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, significant predictive factors for GvHD II-IV, on top of year of transplant, were anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (RR 0.67, p > 0.001); post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) (RR 0.41, p < 0.001), a family mismatched donor (RR 1.31, p = 0.03) a matched unrelated donor (RR 2.1, p < 0.001), an unrelated mismatched donor (RR1.8, p = 0.001), donor age above 40 years (RR 1.27, p < 0.001), hematological malignancy-as compared to aplastic anemia (RR 2.3, p < 0.001). When selecting only GvHD grade II, in a multivariate analysis, there was a significant reduction of transplant-related mortality (TRM) for patients grafted in 2001-2010 (RR 0.62, p < 0.0001) and for patients grafted in 2011-2020 (RR 0.35, p < 0.0001) as compared to grafts before the year 2000. A similar reduction in time was seen for patients with GvHD grades III-IV. The overall TRM in the three periods was 30, 22, and 16% (p < 0.0001) and survival was 47, 51, and 58% (p < 0.0001). Relapse risk was unchanged. In conclusion, we showed improved prevention of acute GvHD with time, together with a significant delay in the onset of the disease. Treatment of GvHD has also improved over time, as suggested by both reduced TRM and improved survival in more recent transplant periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrizia Chiusolo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Sora
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giammarco
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Metafuni
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Fresa
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Sica
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bacigalupo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Perez-Ecija A, Martinez C, Fernandez-Castañer J, Mendoza FJ. The Immature Reticulocyte Fraction (IRF) in the Sysmex XN-1000V Analyzer Can Differentiate between Causes of Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anemia in Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:349. [PMID: 38275808 PMCID: PMC10812539 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sysmex XN-1000V analyzer can identify those reticulocytes with high RNA content and fluorescence, providing the immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF). While this parameter has been used in human medicine to identify the cause of anemia, few studies have focused on its use in veterinary medicine. In this study, we determined the IRF and related reticulocyte parameters in a large population of non-anemic and anemic dogs and cats (subclassified depending on the origin of their anemia). The IRF was significantly higher in hemolytic anemias compared to hemorrhagic ones in both species. Moreover, the IRF was significantly lower in dogs and cats with bone marrow failure than in other non-regenerative anemias and in both groups compared to pre-regenerative anemias. The accurate cut-off values for the differential in regenerative anemias and reference ranges for both species using the Sysmex XN-1000V are also reported. The measurement of the IRF in this analyzer can help clinicians to further classify the type of anemia in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Perez-Ecija
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales, Road Madrid-Cadiz km 396, 14104 Cordoba, Spain; (C.M.); (F.J.M.)
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales, Road Madrid-Cadiz km 396, 14104 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Carmen Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales, Road Madrid-Cadiz km 396, 14104 Cordoba, Spain; (C.M.); (F.J.M.)
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales, Road Madrid-Cadiz km 396, 14104 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Julio Fernandez-Castañer
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales, Road Madrid-Cadiz km 396, 14104 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Mendoza
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales, Road Madrid-Cadiz km 396, 14104 Cordoba, Spain; (C.M.); (F.J.M.)
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales, Road Madrid-Cadiz km 396, 14104 Cordoba, Spain;
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Zhang H, Zhao L, Zhang P, Xie Y, Yao X, Pan X, Fu Y, Wei J, Bai H, Shao X, Ye J, Wu C. Effects of selenoprotein extracts from Cardamine hupingshanensis on growth, selenium metabolism, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal health in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342210. [PMID: 38318186 PMCID: PMC10839570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of dietary selenoprotein extracts from Cardamine hupingshanensis (SePCH) on the growth, hematological parameters, selenium metabolism, immune responses, antioxidant capacities, inflammatory reactions and intestinal barrier functions in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The base diet was supplemented with four different concentrations of SePCH: 0.00, 0.30, 0.60 and 1.20 g/Kg (actual selenium contents: 0.37, 0.59, 0.84 and 1.30 mg/kg). These concentrations were used to formulate four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets for juvenile largemouth bass during a 60-day culture period. Adequate dietary SePCH (0.60 and 1.20 g/Kg) significantly increased weight gain and daily growth rate compared to the control groups (0.00 g/Kg). Furthermore, 0.60 and 1.20 g/Kg SePCH significantly enhanced amounts of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes and monocytes, and levels of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in the hemocytes. In addition, 0.60 and 1.20 g/Kg SePCH increased the mRNA expression levels of selenocysteine lyase, selenophosphate synthase 1, 15 kDa selenoprotein, selenoprotein T2, selenoprotein H, selenoprotein P and selenoprotein K in the fish liver and intestine compared to the controls. Adequate SePCH not only significantly elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase), the levels of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione, while increased mRNA transcription levels of NF-E2-related factor 2, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. However, adequate SePCH significantly decreased levels of malondialdehyde and H2O2 and the mRNA expression levels of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1a and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1b in the fish liver and intestine compared to the controls. Meanwhile, adequate SePCH markedly enhanced the levels of immune factors (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme, complement component 3, complement component 4 and immunoglobulin M) and innate immune-related genes (lysozyme, hepcidin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2, complement component 3 and complement component 4) in the fish liver and intestine compared to the controls. Adequate SePCH reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 8, interleukin 1β and interferon γ), while increasing transforming growth factor β1 levels at both transcriptional and protein levels in the liver and intestine. The mRNA expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK 13), MAPK14 and nuclear factor kappa B p65 were significantly reduced in the liver and intestine of fish fed with 0.60 and 1.20 g/Kg SePCH compared to the controls. Histological sections also demonstrated that 0.60 and 1.20 g/Kg SePCH significantly increased intestinal villus height and villus width compared to the controls. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, zonula occludens-3, Claudin-1, Claudin-3, Claudin-5, Claudin-11, Claudin-23 and Claudin-34) and Mucin-17 were significantly upregulated in the intestinal epithelial cells of 0.60 and 1.20 g/Kg SePCH groups compared to the controls. In conclusion, these results found that 0.60 and 1.20 g/Kg dietary SePCH can not only improve growth, hematological parameters, selenium metabolism, antioxidant capacities, enhance immune responses and intestinal functions, but also alleviate inflammatory responses. This information can serve as a useful reference for formulating feeds for largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Long Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Yao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Pan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yifan Fu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Bai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xianping Shao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jinyun Ye
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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Staxen CS, Andersen SE, Pedersen LM, Poulsen CB, Andersen JR. Nutrition and Lifestyle-Related Factors as Predictors of Muscle Atrophy in Hematological Cancer Patients. Nutrients 2024; 16:283. [PMID: 38257176 PMCID: PMC10819894 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and side effects from cytostatic treatment commonly affect nutritional status manifested as a decrease in muscle mass. We aimed to investigate the impact of nutrition and lifestyle-related factors on muscle mass in patients with hematological cancer. METHODS Dietary intake, food preferences, quality of life (QoL), and physical activity level (PAL) were monitored during 1-2 cytostatic treatment series. Body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). RESULTS 61 patients were included. Weight loss and loss of muscle mass were detected in 64% and 59% of the patients, respectively. Muscle mass was significantly positively correlated to increasing PAL (p = 0.003), while negatively correlated to increasing age (p = 0.03), physical QoL (p = 0.007), functional QoL (p = 0.05), self-perceived health (p = 0.004), and self-perceived QoL (p = 0.007). Weight was significantly positively correlated to increased intake of soft drinks (p = 0.02) as well as the favoring of bitter grain and cereal products (p = 0.03), while negatively correlated to increasing age (p = 0.03) and increasing meat intake (p = 0.009) Conclusions: Several nutritional and lifestyle-related factors affected change in body composition. The clinical significance of these changes should be investigated in controlled, interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S. Staxen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sara E. Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars M. Pedersen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Poulsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens R. Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Schultze MD, Reeves DJ. Pirtobrutinib: A New and Distinctive Treatment Option for B-Cell Malignancies. Ann Pharmacother 2024:10600280231223737. [PMID: 38235739 DOI: 10.1177/10600280231223737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the efficacy/safety of pirtobrutinib in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and distinguish it from other available Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. DATA SOURCES A literature search of PubMed (January 2021 through November 2023) and Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted using terms pirtobrutinib, Jaypirca, and LOXO 305. Licensing trials of available BTK inhibitors were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Relevant English-language clinical trials were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS Pirtobrutinib was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) based largely on a phase 1/2 study in B-cell malignancies. Pirtobrutinib demonstrated a 73% overall response rate (ORR) in the CLL population and 58% in MCL. Pirtobrutinib has activity in patients resistant to earlier-generation, covalent BTK inhibitors. In fact, the ORRs were similar in BTK-pretreated and naïve patients. Adverse effects include fatigue, diarrhea, bleeding, and infection. Atrial fibrillation, a class effect of BTK inhibitors, may be less common with pirtobrutinib. RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN COMPARISON WITH EXISTING DRUGS Compared with earlier-generation BTK inhibitors, pirtobrutinib is more selective for BTK and binds noncovalently to the receptor. Ongoing studies are evaluating pirtobrutinib's use in multiple B-cell malignancies and comparing it with other BTK inhibitors. CONCLUSION The characteristics of pirtobrutinib render it useful in the treatment of B-cell malignancies no longer responding to a previous BTK inhibitor, and results from ongoing clinical trials may support future expanded use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline D Schultze
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David J Reeves
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Franciscan Health Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Nappi AG, Santo G, Jonghi-Lavarini L, Miceli A, Lazzarato A, La Torre F, Dondi F, Gorica J. Emerging Role of [ 18F]FLT PET/CT in Lymphoid Malignancies: A Review of Clinical Results. Hematol Rep 2024; 16:32-41. [PMID: 38247994 PMCID: PMC10801569 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep16010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) is nowadays the leading positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for routine clinical work-ups in hematological malignancies; however, it is limited by false positive findings. Notably, false positives can occur in inflammatory and infective cases or in necrotic tumors that are infiltrated by macrophages and other inflammatory cells. In this context, 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) has been shown to be a promising imaging biomarker of hematological malignant cell proliferation. In this review, a total of 15 papers were reviewed to collect literature data regarding the clinical application of [18F]FLT PET/CT in hematological malignancies. This imaging modality seems to be a suitable tool for noninvasive assessment of tumor grading, also showing a correlation with Ki-67 immunostaining. Moreover, [18F]FLT PET/CT demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting aggressive lymphoma lesions, especially when applying a standardized uptake value (SUV) cutoff of 3. At baseline, the potential of [18F]FLT imaging as a predictive tool is demonstrated by the low tracer uptake in patients with a complete response. However, its use is limited in evaluating bone diseases due to its high physiological uptake in bone marrow. Interim [18F]FLT PET/CT (iFLT) has the potential to identify high-risk patients with greater precision than [18F]FDG PET/CT, optimizing risk-adapted therapy strategies. Moreover, [18F]FLT uptake showed a greater ability to differentiate tumor from inflammation compared to [18F]FDG, allowing the reduction of false-positive findings and making the first one a more selective tracer. Finally, FLT emerges as a superior independent predictor of PFS and OS compared to FDG and ensures a reliable early response assessment with greater accuracy and predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giulia Nappi
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giulia Santo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzato, Italy;
| | | | - Alberto Miceli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio E Biagio E Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | | | - Flavia La Torre
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morpho Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Nuclear Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia and Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Joana Gorica
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Zhang Y, Fu X, Wang L, Guo X, Dong B. Sorption of phenols and flavonoids on activated charcoal improves protein metabolism, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1327455. [PMID: 38274659 PMCID: PMC10808307 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that activated charcoal sorption of Chinese herbal extracts is more effective than activated charcoal. The present study was designed to investigate whether phenols and flavonoids have an effect on nutrient metabolism, antioxidant activity, immunity, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Seven diets [basal diet (CON); CON supplemented with 450 mg/kg of activated charcoal (AC); CON supplemented with 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or 7,500 mg/kg of phenolic acids and flavonoids (PF) to AC (PFAC)]. PFAC was the complex of AC sorption of PF in the ratio of 9:1. These dietary treatments for broilers lasted for 42 days. Results showed that at d 21, all doses of PFAC altered serum levels of total protein, albumin, and creatinine compared to AC (p < 0.05). Both PFAC and AC altered HDL-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol levels compared to CON (p < 0.05). PFAC at 500 mg/kg (450 mg/kg AC+ 50 mg/kg phenolic acids and flavonoids) increased serum IgA and IgM (p < 0.05), but AC at 450 mg/kg did not, compared to CON. At d 42, breast and thigh muscles of PFAC-treated broilers had higher free radical scavenging activities compared to CON (p < 0.05), but AC had no such effect. PFAC at 500 mg/kg increased villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to CON (p < 0.05), but AC had no such response. PFAC at 500 mg/kg effectively improved protein and lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology, but AC had no such effect at a similar dose. Excessive PFAC (7,500 mg/kg) showed no significant side effects on broiler growth, liver damage, or hematology. These results suggest that phenols and flavonoids, in cooperation with activated charcoal, provide the majority of the functions of the herbal extract from multiple Chinese medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Hepatology National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqi Fu
- Institute for Hepatology National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Plateau Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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50
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Morón-Elorza P, David H, Batista H, Quina V, Baylina N, Pereira N. Blood collection under anesthesia, peripheral blood cells, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis in a living fossil: the Spotted Ratfish ( Hydrolagus colliei). Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1305968. [PMID: 38274658 PMCID: PMC10808452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1305968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This report describes the safe and effective handling under anesthesia, blood collection and main clinical pathology values determination for three adult Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) (two males and one female) successfully maintained under human care for more than 20 years. The anesthetic MS-222 diluted in tamponed salt water at 50 ppm provided deep narcosis with mean induction and recovery times of 5 and 20 min, allowing safe handling and blood collection in the three animals sampled. Major leukocyte types were similar to other teleost and elasmobranch species, identifying lymphocytes as the predominant leukocyte (75.5%), followed by the fine eosinophilic granulocytes (10.25%), the coarse eosinophilic granulocytes (9.75%), and a small percentage of monocytes (5.50%). Plasma biochemistry values in this species were like those seen in elasmobranchs, with the highest levels of blood urea nitrogen described in any Chondrichthyes (mean 679.7 mmol/l). Plasma protein electrophoresis analysis in the Spotted Ratfish showed five consistent fractions, like those previously described in other fish species, with a negligible quantity of proteins migrating in the region equivalent to albumin, and with fraction 4 (mean 53.20%) as the predominant fraction. Despite the limitations imposed by the small sample size and the challenging access to the studied species under human care, this study will shed light on and enhance clinical knowledge regarding Ratfish handling, anesthesia, blood collection, and analysis. It aims to deliver a comprehensive clinical pathology description, presenting valuable data for professionals engaged in the care and management of Chimaerans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Morón-Elorza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hugo David
- Biology and Conservation, Oceanario de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Batista
- Biology and Conservation, Oceanario de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Quina
- Biology and Conservation, Oceanario de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuria Baylina
- Biology and Conservation, Oceanario de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Pereira
- Biology and Conservation, Oceanario de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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