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Roa CC, de Los Reyes MRA, Plennevaux E, Smolenov I, Hu B, Gao F, Ilagan H, Ambrosino D, Siber G, Clemens R, Han HH. SCB-2019 protein vaccine as heterologous booster of neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants after immunization with other COVID-19 vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2301632. [PMID: 38206168 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2301632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the non-inferiority of homologous boosting compared with heterologous boosting with the recombinant protein vaccine, SCB-2019, in adults previously immunized with different COVID-19 vaccines. Three equal cohorts (N ~ 420) of Philippino adults (18-80 years) previously immunized with Comirnaty, CoronaVac or Vaxzevria COVID-19 vaccines were randomized 1:1 to receive homologous or heterologous (SCB-2019) boosters. Neutralizing antibodies against prototype SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) were measured in all participants and against Delta variant and Omicron sub-lineages in subsets (30‒50 per arm) 15 days after boosting. Participants recorded solicited adverse events for 7 days and unsolicited and serious adverse events until Day 60. Prototype SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing responses on Day 15 after SCB-2019 were statistically non-inferior to homologous Vaxzevria boosters, superior to CoronaVac, but lower than homologous Comirnaty. Neutralizing responses against Delta and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 variants after heterologous SCB-2019 were higher than homologous CoronaVac or Vaxzevria, but lower than homologous Comirnaty. Responses against Omicron BF.7, BQ.1.1.3, and XBB1.5 following heterologous SCB-2019 were lower than after homologous Comirnaty booster but significantly higher than after Vaxzevria booster. SCB-2019 reactogenicity was similar to CoronaVac or Vaxzevria, but lower than Comirnaty; most frequent events were mild/moderate injection site pain, headache and fatigue. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Heterologous SCB-2019 boosting was well tolerated and elicited neutralizing responses against all tested SARS-COV-2 viruses including Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1.3, and XBB1.5 sub-lineages that were non-inferior to homologous boosting with CoronaVac or Vaxzevria, but not homologous Comirnaty booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo C Roa
- Department of Physiology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Eric Plennevaux
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Igor Smolenov
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Branda Hu
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Faith Gao
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannalyn Ilagan
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ralf Clemens
- Global Research in Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Htay Htay Han
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine platforms used for the development of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 have provided a robust adaptable approach to offer protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, as variants of concern (VoCs), such as omicron and associated sub-variants, emerge, boosting strategies must also adapt to keep pace with the changing landscape. Heterologous vaccination regimens involving the administration of booster vaccines different than the primary vaccination series offer a practical, effective, and safe approach to continue to reduce the global burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of heterologous mRNA-based vaccination strategies, relevant clinical and real-world observational studies were identified and summarized. Overall, heterologous boosting strategies with mRNA-based vaccines that are currently available and those in development will play an important global role in protecting individuals from COVID-19 caused by emerging VoCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Infectious Diseases, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA,CONTACT Rituparna Das Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
| | - Randall N. Hyer
- Experimental Therapeutics, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Paul Burton
- Infectious Diseases, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Kyaw MH, Spinardi J, Zhang L, Oh HML, Srivastava A. Evidence synthesis and pooled analysis of vaccine effectiveness for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 as a heterologous booster after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2165856. [PMID: 36727201 PMCID: PMC9980688 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2165856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction of primary COVID-19 vaccination has helped reduce severe disease and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the protection conferred by heterologous booster regimens informs alternative vaccination strategies that enable programmatic resilience and can catalyze vaccine confidence and coverage. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are among the most widely used vaccines worldwide. This review synthesizes the available evidence identified as of May 26, 2022, on the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of a heterologous BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine booster dose after an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine primary series, to help protect against COVID-19. Evidence showed that the heterologous BNT16b2 mRNA vaccine booster enhances immunogenicity and improves vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19, and no new safety concerns were identified with heterologous inactivated primary series with mRNA booster combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe H Kyaw
- Vaccine Medical Affairs, Emerging Markets, Pfizer Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Julia Spinardi
- Vaccine Medical Affairs, Emerging Markets, Pfizer Inc, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ling Zhang
- Real World Evidence Analytics Center of Excellence, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Helen May Lin Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
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Bottero D, Rudi E, Martin Aispuro P, Zurita E, Gaillard E, Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma MM, Malito J, Stuible M, Ambrosis N, Durocher Y, Gamarnik AV, Wigdorovitz A, Hozbor D. Heterologous booster with a novel formulation containing glycosylated trimeric S protein is effective against Omicron. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271209. [PMID: 38022542 PMCID: PMC10667599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a heterologous three-dose vaccination schedule against the Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant infection using a mouse intranasal challenge model. The vaccination schedules tested in this study consisted of a primary series of 2 doses covered by two commercial vaccines: an mRNA-based vaccine (mRNA1273) or a non-replicative vector-based vaccine (AZD1222/ChAdOx1, hereafter referred to as AZD1222). These were followed by a heterologous booster dose using one of the two vaccine candidates previously designed by us: one containing the glycosylated and trimeric spike protein (S) from the ancestral virus (SW-Vac 2µg), and the other from the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (SD-Vac 2µg), both formulated with Alhydrogel as an adjuvant. For comparison purposes, homologous three-dose schedules of the commercial vaccines were used. The mRNA-based vaccine, whether used in heterologous or homologous schedules, demonstrated the best performance, significantly increasing both humoral and cellular immune responses. In contrast, for the schedules that included the AZD1222 vaccine as the primary series, the heterologous schemes showed superior immunological outcomes compared to the homologous 3-dose AZD1222 regimen. For these schemes no differences were observed in the immune response obtained when SW-Vac 2µg or SD-Vac 2µg were used as a booster dose. Neutralizing antibody levels against Omicron BA.1 were low, especially for the schedules using AZD1222. However, a robust Th1 profile, known to be crucial for protection, was observed, particularly for the heterologous schemes that included AZD1222. All the tested schedules were capable of inducing populations of CD4 T effector, memory, and follicular helper T lymphocytes. It is important to highlight that all the evaluated schedules demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and induced multiple immunological markers of protection. Although the levels of these markers were different among the tested schedules, they appear to complement each other in conferring protection against intranasal challenge with Omicron BA.1 in K18-hACE2 mice. In summary, the results highlight the potential of using the S protein (either ancestral Wuhan or Delta variant)-based vaccine formulation as heterologous boosters in the management of COVID-19, particularly for certain commercial vaccines currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Erika Rudi
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Aispuro
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Emilia Gaillard
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maria M. Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Malito
- INCUINTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), HURLINGHAM, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Ambrosis
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea V. Gamarnik
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- INCUINTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), HURLINGHAM, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
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Costa Clemens SA, Marchevsky N, Kelly S, Felle S, Eldawi A, Rajasingam R, Mahmud R, Lambe T, Voysey M, Gonzalez I, Milan EP, Justino MC, Bibi S, Aley P, Clemens R, Pollard AJ. Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of heterologous (third dose) booster vaccination with a full or fractional dose of two different COVID-19 vaccines: A phase 4, single-blind, randomized controlled trial in adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2233400. [PMID: 37438960 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2233400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this phase 4 study we assessed boosting with fractional doses of heterologous COVID-19 vaccines in Brazilian adults primed with two doses of CoronaVac (Sinovac/Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil) at least 4 months previously. Participants received either full-dose of ChAdOx1-S (Group 1, n = 232), a half dose of ChAdOx1-S (Group 2, n = 236), or a half dose of BNT162b2 (Group 3, n = 234). The primary objective was to show 80% seroresponse rates (SRR) 28 d after vaccination measured as IgG antibodies against a prototype SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein. Safety was assessed as solicited and unsolicited adverse events. At baseline all participants were seropositive, with high IgG titers overall. SRR at Day 28 were 34.3%, 27.1% and 71.2%, respectively, not meeting the primary objective of 80%, despite robust immune responses in all three groups with geometric mean-fold rise (GMFR) in IgG titers of 3.39, 2.99 and 7.42, respectively. IgG immune responses with similar GMFR were also observed against SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma and D614G. In subsets (n = 35) of participants GMFR of neutralizing immune responses against live prototype SARS-CoV-2 virus and Omicron BA.2 were similar to the IgG responses as were pseudo-neutralizing responses against SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.4/5 variants. All vaccinations were well tolerated with no vaccine-related serious adverse events and mainly transient mild-to-moderate local and systemic reactogenicity. Heterologous boosting with full or half doses of ChAdOx1-S or a half dose of BNT162b2 was safe and immunogenic in CoronaVac-primed adults, but seroresponse rates were limited by high baseline immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Natalie Marchevsky
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally Felle
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmed Eldawi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Rupetha Rajasingam
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Rawan Mahmud
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Eveline Pipolo Milan
- Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Moléstias Infecciosas Ltda. (CEPCLIN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Cleonice Justino
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Parvinder Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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Marchese AM, Kalkeri R, Vadivale M, Suntronwong N, Toback S, Poovorawan Y. Pivoting to protein: the immunogenicity and safety of protein-based NVX-CoV2373 as a heterologous booster for inactivated and viral vector COVID-19 vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023. [PMID: 37386785 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2232020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately half of the 13.4 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered globally were inactivated or viral vector platforms. The harmonization and optimization of vaccine regimens has become a key focus of policy makers and healthcare providers and presents an opportunity to reassess the continued use of pandemic-era vaccines. AREAS COVERED Immunological evidence from studies of various homologous and heterologous regimens has been rapidly published, however interpretation of these data are complicated by the many vaccine types and highly variable participant viral exposure and vaccination histories. Recent studies demonstrate that after primary series doses of inactivated (i.e. BBV152, and BBIBP-CorV), and viral vector (ChAdOx1 nCov-2019) vaccines, a heterologous boost with protein-based NVX-CoV2373 elicits more potent ancestral strain and omicron-specific antibody responses compared to homologous and heterologous inactivated and viral vector boosts. EXPERT OPINION While mRNA vaccines likely yield similar performance to protein-based heterologous booster doses, the later offers notable advantages to countries with high uptake of inactivated and viral vector vaccines in terms of transportation and storage logistics and can potentially appeal to vaccine hesitant individuals. Moving forward, vaccine-mediated protection in inactivated and viral vector recipients may be optimized with the use of a heterologous protein-based booster such as NVX-CoV2373.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Montes-González JA, Zaragoza-Jiménez CA, Antonio-Villa NE, Fermín-Martínez CA, Ramírez-García D, Vargas-Vázquez A, Gutiérrez-Vargas RI, García-Rodríguez G, López-Gatell H, Valdés-Ferrer SI, Bello-Chavolla OY. Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1146059. [PMID: 37081954 PMCID: PMC10110947 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the widespread transmission of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant, reinfections have become increasingly common. Here, we explored the role of immunity, primary infection severity, and variant predominance in the risk of reinfection and severe COVID-19 during Omicron predominance in Mexico. Methods We analyzed reinfections in Mexico in individuals with a primary infection separated by at least 90 days from reinfection using a national surveillance registry of SARS-CoV-2 cases from March 3rd, 2020, to August 13th, 2022. Immunity-generating events included primary infection, partial or complete vaccination, and booster vaccines. Reinfections were matched by age and sex with controls with primary SARS-CoV-2 infection and negative RT-PCR or antigen test at least 90 days after primary infection to explore reinfection and severe disease risk factors. We also compared the protective efficacy of heterologous and homologous vaccine boosters against reinfection. Results We detected 231,202 SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in Mexico, most occurring in unvaccinated individuals (41.55%). Over 207,623 reinfections occurred during periods of Omicron (89.8%), BA.1 (36.74%), and BA.5 (33.67%) subvariant predominance and a case-fatality rate of 0.22%. Vaccination protected against reinfection, without significant influence of the order of immunity-generating events and provided >90% protection against severe reinfections. Heterologous booster schedules were associated with ~11% and ~ 54% lower risk for reinfection and reinfection-associated severe COVID-19, respectively, modified by time-elapsed since the last immunity-generating event, when compared against complete primary schedules. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 reinfections increased during Omicron predominance. Hybrid immunity provides protection against reinfection and associated severe COVID-19, with potential benefit from heterologous booster schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Hugo López-Gatell
- Subsecretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla,
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Gong L, Liang Z, Hu X, Xing B, Liao Y, Yuan L, Chen G, Lv H. Safety, immunogenicity and immune-persistence of heterologous prime-boost immunization with BBIBP-CorV and ZF2001 against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy adults aged 18 years or older. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:1079-1090. [PMID: 37877219 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2274491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because SARS-CoV-2 mutations and immunity wane over time, a third dose of heterologous COVID-19 vaccine is proposed for individuals primed with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a single-center, open-label trial to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and immune-persistence of a heterologous BBIBP-CorV/ZF2001 prime-boost vaccination in Chinese adults. 480 participants who had been primed with two doses of BBIBP-CorV, received a third dose of ZF2001 after an interval of 3-4, 5-6, or 7-9 months. RESULTS The overall incidence of adverse reactions within 30 days after vaccination was 5.83%. No serious adverse reactions were reported. The respective geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies for 3-4, 5-6, and 7-9 months groups at baseline were 2.06, 2.02, and 2.10; which increased to 55.42, 63.45, and 62.06 on day 14; then decreased to 17.53, 23.79, and 26.73 on day 30; before finally waning to 8.29, 9.24, and 9.51 on day 180. After the booster, the three groups showed no significant differences in GMTs. GMTs were lower in older participants than younger participants. CONCLUSIONS A heterologous BBIBP-CorV/ZF2001 prime-boost vaccination was safe and immunogenic. Prime-boost intervals did not affect the immune response. The immune response was weaker in older adults than younger adults. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER NCT05205083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Chen
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinpei Zhang
- Office, Shangyu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lihui Gong
- Clinical Department, Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liang
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xing
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingfeng Yuan
- Clinical Department, Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Clinical Department, Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Huakun Lv
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Suah JL, Tng BH, Tok PSK, Husin M, Thevananthan T, Peariasamy KM, Sivasampu S. Real-world effectiveness of homologous and heterologous BNT162b2, CoronaVac, and AZD1222 booster vaccination against Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1343-1345. [PMID: 35499301 PMCID: PMC9132393 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2072773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given emerging evidence of immune escape in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron viral variant, and its dominance, effectiveness of heterologous and homologous boosting schedules commonly used in low-to-middle income countries needs to be re-evaluated. We conducted a test-negative design using consolidated national administrative data in Malaysia to compare the effectiveness of homologous and heterologous BNT162b2, CoronaVac, and AZD1222 booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection in predominant-Delta and predominant-Omicron periods. Across both periods, homologous CoronaVac and AZD1222 boosting demonstrated lower effectiveness than heterologous boosting for CoronaVac and AZD1222 primary vaccination recipients and homologous BNT162b2 boosting. Broadly, marginal effectiveness was smaller by 40–50 percentage points in the Omicron period than the Delta period. Without effective and accessible second-generation vaccines, heterologous boosting using BNT162b2 for inactivated and vectored primary vaccination recipients is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lian Suah
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Boon Hwa Tng
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Peter Seah Keng Tok
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Masliyana Husin
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Kalaiarasu M Peariasamy
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Sheamini Sivasampu
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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10
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Liao Y, Chen Y, Chen B, Liang Z, Hu X, Xing B, Yang J, Zheng Q, Hua Q, Yan C, Lv H. Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous recombinant protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001) booster against COVID-19 at 3-9-month intervals following two-dose inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017590. [PMID: 36426361 PMCID: PMC9679005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to SARS-CoV-2 mutations and waning antibody levels after two-dose inactivated vaccines, we assessed whether a third dose of recombinant protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001) boosts immune responses. METHODS An open-label single-center non-random trial was conducted on people aged 18 years and above at five sites in China. All participants received a two-dose inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) as their prime doses within 3-9 months of the trial. Primary outcomes were safety and immunogenicity, primarily the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies to live wildtype SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS A total of 480 participants (median age, 51; range 21-84 years) previously vaccinated with two-dose CoronaVac received a third booster dose of ZF2001 3-4, 5-6, or 7-9-months later. The overall incidence of adverse reactions within 30 days after vaccination was 5.83% (28/480). No serious adverse reactions were reported after the third dose of ZF2001. GMTs in the 3-4-, 5-6-, and 7-9-month groups before vaccination were 3.96, 4.60, and 3.78, respectively. On Day 14, GMTs increased to 33.06, 47.51, and 44.12, respectively. After the booster, GMTs showed no significant difference among the three prime-boost interval groups (all P>0.05). Additionally, GMTs in older adults were lower than those in younger adults on Day 14 for the three groups (P=0.0005, P<0.0001, and P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Heterologous boosting with ZF2001 was safe and immunogenic, and prime-boost intervals did not affect the immune response. The immune response was weaker in older than younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yingping Chen
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Kaihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liang
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Xing
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qianhui Zheng
- Kaihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianhui Hua
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanfu Yan
- Kaihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huakun Lv
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Grenfell RFQ, Almeida NBF, Filgueiras PS, Corsini CA, Gomes SVC, de Miranda DAP, Lourenço AJ, Martins-Filho OA, de Oliveira JG, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Campos GRF, Nogueira ML, Alves PA, Fernandes GR, Castilho LR, Lima TM, de Abreu DPB, Alvim RGF, Silva TBDS, Jeremias WDJ, Otta DA, Campi-Azevedo AC. Immunogenicity, Effectiveness, and Safety of Inactivated Virus (CoronaVac) Vaccine in a Two-Dose Primary Protocol and BNT162b2 Heterologous Booster in Brazil (Immunita-001): A One Year Period Follow Up Phase 4 Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918896. [PMID: 35757764 PMCID: PMC9218743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective and safe vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are critical to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and will remain the most important tool in limiting the spread of the virus long after the pandemic is over. Methods We bring pioneering contributions on the maintenance of the immune response over a year on a real-life basis study in 1,587 individuals (18-90 yrs, median 39 yrs; 1,208 female/379 male) who underwent vaccination with two doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 booster after 6-months of primary protocol. Findings Elevated levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies were detected after CoronaVac vaccination, which significantly decreased after 80 days and remained stable until the introduction of the booster dose. Heterologous booster restored antibody titers up to-1·7-fold, changing overall seropositivity to 96%. Titers of neutralising antibodies to the Omicron variant were lower in all timepoints than those against Delta variant. Individuals presenting neutralising antibodies against Omicron also presented the highest titers against Delta and anti-Spike IgG. Cellular immune response measurement pointed out a mixed immune profile with a robust release of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors on the first month after CoronaVac vaccination followed by a gradual reduction over time and no increase after the booster dose. A stronger interaction between those mediators was noted over time. Prior exposure to the virus leaded to a more robust cellular immune response and a rise in antibody levels 60 days post CoronaVac than in individuals with no previous COVID-19. Both vaccines were safe and well tolerated among individuals. Interpretation Our data approach the effectiveness of CoronaVac association with BNT162b2 from the clinical and biological perspectives, aspects that have important implications for informing decisions about vaccine boosters. Funding Fiocruz, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella F Q Grenfell
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nathalie B F Almeida
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Priscilla S Filgueiras
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila A Corsini
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sarah V C Gomes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A P de Miranda
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adelina J Lourenço
- Hospital da Baleia, Benjamin Guimarães Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Olindo A Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jaquelline G de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R F Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mauricio L Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Fernandes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Biosystems Informatics, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leda R Castilho
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tulio M Lima
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel P B de Abreu
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata G F Alvim
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Wander de J Jeremias
- Laboratório de farmacologia experimental, College of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Dayane A Otta
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Assawakosri S, Kanokudom S, Suntronwong N, Auphimai C, Nilyanimit P, Vichaiwattana P, Thongmee T, Duangchinda T, Chantima W, Pakchotanon P, Srimuan D, Thatsanatorn T, Klinfueng S, Yorsang R, Sudhinaraset N, Wanlapakorn N, Mongkolsapaya J, Honsawek S, Poovorawan Y. Neutralizing Activities against the Omicron Variant after a Heterologous Booster in Healthy Adults Receiving Two Doses of CoronaVac Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1372-1381. [PMID: 35267040 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine (CoronaVac) against SARS-CoV-2 is implemented worldwide. However, waning immunity and breakthrough infections have been observed. Therefore, we hypothesized that the heterologous booster might improve the protection against the delta and omicron variants. METHODS A total of 224 individuals who completed the two-dose CoronaVac for six months were included. We studied reactogenicity and immunogenicity following a heterologous booster with the inactivated vaccine (BBIBP), the viral vector vaccine (AZD1222), and the mRNA vaccine (both BNT162B2 and mRNA-1273). We also determined immunogenicity at 3- and 6-months boosting intervals. RESULTS The solicited adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate and well-tolerated. Total RBD immunoglobulin (Ig), anti-RBD IgG, focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) against delta and omicron variants, and T-cell response were highest in the mRNA-1273 group followed by the BNT162b2, AZD1222 and BBIBP groups, respectively. We also witnessed a higher total Ig anti-RBD in the long-interval than in the short-interval groups. CONCLUSIONS All four booster vaccines significantly increased binding and neutralizing antibody (NAbs) in individuals immunized with two doses of CoronaVac. The present evidence may benefit vaccine strategies to thwart variants of concern, including the omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvichada Assawakosri
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chompoonut Auphimai
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornjarim Nilyanimit
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanunrat Thongmee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Development Agency, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chantima
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pattarakul Pakchotanon
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Development Agency, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Donchida Srimuan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thaksaporn Thatsanatorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirapa Klinfueng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsang
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Chinese Academy of Medical Science(CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,FRS, the Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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13
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Fang Z, Peng L, Filler R, Suzuki K, McNamara A, Lin Q, Renauer PA, Yang L, Menasche B, Sanchez A, Ren P, Xiong Q, Strine M, Clark P, Lin C, Ko AI, Grubaugh ND, Wilen CB, Chen S. Omicron-specific mRNA vaccination alone and as a heterologous booster against SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.14.480449. [PMID: 35194606 PMCID: PMC8863141 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.14.480449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has high transmissibility and recently swept the globe. Due to the extensive number of mutations, this variant has high level of immune evasion, which drastically reduced the efficacy of existing antibodies and vaccines. Thus, it is important to test an Omicron-specific vaccine, evaluate its immune response against Omicron and other variants, and compare its immunogenicity as boosters with existing vaccine designed against the reference wildtype virus (WT). Here, we generated an Omicron-specific lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mRNA vaccine candidate, and tested its activity in animals, both alone and as a heterologous booster to existing WT mRNA vaccine. Our Omicron-specific LNP-mRNA vaccine elicited strong and specific antibody response in vaccination-naive mice. Mice that received two-dose WT LNP-mRNA, the one mimicking the commonly used Pfizer/Moderna mRNA vaccine, showed a >40-fold reduction in neutralization potency against Omicron variant than that against WT two weeks post second dose, which further reduced to background level >3 months post second dose. As a booster shot for two-dose WT mRNA vaccinated mice, a single dose of either a homologous booster with WT LNP-mRNA or a heterologous booster with Omicron LNP-mRNA restored the waning antibody response against Omicron, with over 40-fold increase at two weeks post injection as compared to right before booster. Interestingly, the heterologous Omicron LNP-mRNA booster elicited neutralizing titers 10-20 fold higher than the homologous WT booster against the Omicron variant, with comparable titers against the Delta variant. All three types of vaccination, including Omicron mRNA alone, WT mRNA homologous booster, and Omicron heterologous booster, elicited broad binding antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 WA-1, Beta, and Delta variants, as well as other Betacoronavirus species such as SARS-CoV, but not Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). These data provided direct proof-of-concept assessments of an Omicron-specific mRNA vaccination in vivo, both alone and as a heterologous booster to the existing widely-used WT mRNA vaccine form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Fang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renata Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew McNamara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul A. Renauer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luojia Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bridget Menasche
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angie Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Yale College, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qiancheng Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Madison Strine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul Clark
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chenxiang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathan D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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