1
|
Marshall AG, Neikirk K, Stephens D, Garza-Lopez E, Vue Z, Beasley HK, Doe YJ, Campbell D, Fears L, Alghanem A, Spencer EC, Scudese E, Owens B, Vang C, Morton DJ, Conley Z, Hinton A. A workshop to showcase the diversity of scientists to middle school students. Adv Physiol Educ 2024; 48:186-192. [PMID: 38234295 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00117.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Identity matters in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) because it can affect an individual's long-term sense of belonging, which may in turn affect their persistence in STEMM. Early K-12 science classes often teach students about the foundational discoveries of the field, which have been predominately made, or at least published, by White men. This homogeneity can leave underrepresented individuals in STEMM feeling isolated, and underrepresented K-12 students may feel as though they cannot enter STEMM fields. This study aimed to examine these feelings of inclusivity in STEMM through an interactive workshop that asked middle schoolers to identify scientists from images of individuals with various racial and gender identities. We found that a plurality of students had a positive experience discussing diversity in science and recognizing underrepresented individuals as scientists.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observed positive sentiments from middle school students following a workshop that showcased diversity in science. This workshop uniquely encourages students to recognize that physiologists and scientists today are much more diverse than textbooks typically demonstrate and can be adapted for middle schoolers, high schoolers, and college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yelena Janumyan Doe
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Desmond Campbell
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Letimicia Fears
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ahmad Alghanem
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ali Al Arini, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsie C Spencer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Beverly Owens
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland Early College High School, Shelby, North Carolina, United States
| | - Chia Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Counseling Department, New Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico, United States
| | - Derrick J Morton
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Zachary Conley
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sánchez-Queija I, Domínguez-Alarcón P, Díez M, Parra Á. Identity development and adjustment during emerging adulthood from a gender perspective. Br J Dev Psychol 2024; 42:133-148. [PMID: 38009815 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Identity development is a key task during emerging adulthood. The goals of the present study are to validate the Spanish version of the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) and to explore the relationship between identity dimensions and adjustment (flourishing and distress), from a gender perspective. The sample comprised 1502 Spanish university students (60.1% women). The results reveal that the DIDS is valid in the Spanish context and that significant gender differences were observed in some dimensions of identity development, with men scoring higher for identification with commitment and women scoring higher for exploration in depth and ruminative exploration. Finally, both dimensions of commitment and ruminative exploration had a stronger effect on men's than on women's adjustment, suggesting that the integration of the self has more impact on men's outcomes than on women's. These findings highlight the need to include the gender perspective in all future research in order to gain deeper insight into the relationship between the identity development process and adjustment during emerging adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Domínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Díez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Águeda Parra
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Simkulet W. Parthenogenesis, identity, and value. Bioethics 2024. [PMID: 38652592 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in which a gamete (ovum or sperm) develops without being fertilized. Tomer Jordi Chaffer uses parthenogenesis to challenge Don Marquis' future-like-ours (FLO) argument against abortion. According to Marquis, (1) what makes it morally wrong to kill us is that it would deprive us of a possible future that we might come to value-a future "like ours" (FLO) and (2) human fetuses are numerically identical to any adult human organism they may develop into, and thus have a FLO. Chaffer contends that if human ova are capable of parthenogenesis, then they would have a FLO, which contraception may deprive them of, but contends this is absurd. Bruce P. Blackshaw challenges Chaffer, contending sexually fertilized embryos are not identical to unfertilized ovum, but this would yield a more absurd implication, that fertilization deprives an ovum of a FLO! Here I show Marquis' account of identity rules out both Chaffer's and Blackshaw's accounts.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tressová D, De Caluwé E, Bogaerts S. Identity and Personality Pathology in Adult Forensic Psychiatric Patients and Healthy Controls. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2024:306624X241248364. [PMID: 38651623 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x241248364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Since the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), identity impairment has become a diagnostic criterion for all personality disorders. The current study examined the occurrence of identity dimensions, clinically relevant identity impairments and personality pathology, and associations between these constructs in 92 forensic patients and 139 healthy controls. Patients showed higher levels of almost all identity dimensions, identity impairments, personality disorders, and almost all maladaptive personality traits than controls. Various identity dimensions were associated with consolidated identity as well as identity impairments in both groups. Both patients and controls with high ruminative exploration and identity malfunctioning showed more personality pathology. Different associations between identity functioning and particularly antisocial and borderline personality disorder showed to be stronger in patients than in controls. Our results highlight the importance of identity impairment as a crucial criterion to assess and treat personality pathology in forensic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deni Tressová
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Murray AJ, Durrheim K. Studying intersectionality using ideological dilemmas: The case of paid domestic labour. Br J Soc Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38634768 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Intersectionality has gained a great deal of academic purchase within the social sciences but there is still a need for further conceptual and methodological innovation and clarity. As such, this study uses paid domestic labour as a case study to apply Billig et al.'s (Ideological dilemmas: A social psychology of everyday thinking, 1988) notion of ideological dilemmas to explore the common sense that paid domestic workers draw on to position themselves as women and workers. The analysis highlights how participants use (often contradictory) themes of common sense when speaking about their place in the household through dilemmas of servitude, belonging, and intimacy. Speakers draw on gendered ideology, not as a fixed set of ideas, but rather as a mobile discursive resource that can be deployed in situ, allowing them to justify, subvert, and evaluate social positions of domestic womanhood. The study provides both a conceptual window and a robust method for studying nonessentialist intersectionality through ideological dilemmas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jo Murray
- University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boyle LM, Posani L, Irfan S, Siegelbaum SA, Fusi S. Tuned geometries of hippocampal representations meet the computational demands of social memory. Neuron 2024; 112:1358-1371.e9. [PMID: 38382521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Social memory consists of two processes: the detection of familiar compared with novel conspecifics and the detailed recollection of past social episodes. We investigated the neural bases for these processes using calcium imaging of dorsal CA2 hippocampal pyramidal neurons, known to be important for social memory, during social/spatial encounters with novel conspecifics and familiar littermates. Whereas novel individuals were represented in a low-dimensional geometry that allows for generalization of social identity across different spatial locations and of location across different identities, littermates were represented in a higher-dimensional geometry that supports high-capacity memory storage. Moreover, familiarity was represented in an abstract format, independent of individual identity. The degree to which familiarity increased the dimensionality of CA2 representations for individual mice predicted their performance in a social novelty recognition memory test. Thus, by tuning the geometry of structured neural activity, CA2 is able to meet the demands of distinct social memory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Boyle
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lorenzo Posani
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Steven A Siegelbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Stefano Fusi
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zohny H, Savulescu J. When Two Become One: Singular Duos and the Neuroethical Frontiers of Brain-to-Brain Interfaces. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38606432 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180124000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Advances in brain-brain interface technologies raise the possibility that two or more individuals could directly link their minds, sharing thoughts, emotions, and sensory experiences. This paper explores conceptual and ethical issues posed by such mind-merging technologies in the context of clinical neuroethics. Using hypothetical examples along a spectrum from loosely connected pairs to fully merged minds, the authors sketch out a range of factors relevant to identifying the degree of a merger. They then consider potential new harms like loss of identity, psychological domination, loss of mental privacy, and challenges for notions of autonomy and patient benefit when applied to merged minds. While radical technologies may seem to necessitate new ethical paradigms, the authors suggest the individual-focus underpinning clinical ethics can largely accommodate varying degrees of mind mergers so long as individual patient interests remain identifiable. However, advanced decisionmaking and directives may have limitations in addressing the dilemmas posed. Overall, mind-merging possibilities amplify existing challenges around loss of identity, relating to others, autonomy, privacy, and the delineation of patient interests. This paper lays the groundwork for developing resources to address the novel issues raised, while suggesting the technologies reveal continuity with current healthcare ethics tensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Zohny
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian Savulescu
- Chen Su Lan Centennial Professor in Medical Ethics, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Uehiro Chair in Practical Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith JN, Dorfman N, Hurley M, Cenolli I, Kostick-Quenet K, Storch EA, Lázaro-Muñoz G, Blumenthal-Barby J. Adolescent OCD Patient and Caregiver Perspectives on Identity, Authenticity, and Normalcy in Potential Deep Brain Stimulation Treatment. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38602092 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180124000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing debate within neuroethics concerning the degree to which neuromodulation such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) changes the personality, identity, and agency (PIA) of patients has paid relatively little attention to the perspectives of prospective patients. Even less attention has been given to pediatric populations. To understand patients' views about identity changes due to DBS in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the authors conducted and analyzed semistructured interviews with adolescent patients with OCD and their parents/caregivers. Patients were asked about projected impacts to PIA generally due to DBS. All patient respondents and half of caregivers reported that DBS would impact patient self-identity in significant ways. For example, many patients expressed how DBS could positively impact identity by allowing them to explore their identities free from OCD. Others voiced concerns that DBS-related resolution of OCD might negatively impact patient agency and authenticity. Half of patients expressed that DBS may positively facilitate social access through relieving symptoms, while half indicated that DBS could increase social stigma. These views give insights into how to approach decision-making and informed consent if DBS for OCD becomes available for adolescents. They also offer insights into adolescent experiences of disability identity and "normalcy" in the context of OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared N Smith
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie Dorfman
- Department of Philosophy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meghan Hurley
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ilona Cenolli
- Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin Kostick-Quenet
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Johnson TM, Freiji J, Moore MA, Bender AA, Munroe D, Geresu H, Baxter GG, Epps F, Taylor LF, Bussey-Jones J, Sharp T, Suggs A. Engaging partners, lay persons, and learners through effective marketing and messaging. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024. [PMID: 38599611 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Freiji
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hayat Geresu
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Fayron Epps
- The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leslie F Taylor
- Mercer University College of Health Professions, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Travis Sharp
- Reckon Branding, Peachtree Corners, Georgia, USA
| | - Andy Suggs
- Reckon Branding, Peachtree Corners, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Steffens NK, Tatachari S, Haslam SA, Wilson-Lemoine JE, Maskor M, van Dick R, Kratzer BE, Christensen J, Kerschreiter R. Introducing and validating a single-item measure of identity leadership: The visual identity leadership scale (VILS). Br J Soc Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38587983 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the present research, we introduce and validate a single-item measure of identity leadership-the visual identity leadership scale (VILS). The VILS uses Venn diagrams of sets of overlapping circles to denote different degrees of alignment between a leader's characteristics and behaviours and a group's values and goals. Key advantages of the VILS over other existing multi-item scales are that it provides a holistic assessment of identity leadership, is short, and can be adapted to address novel research questions that are impractical to address with existing scales (e.g. in diary studies, assessing multiple comparisons of many leaders or groups). Data from three studies (conducted in India, the United States and Germany) provide evidence of the VILS' construct reliability and validity. Results also showcase the instrument's capacity to be adapted to assess variations of identity leadership-for example, by assessing a leader's convergence with descriptive and ideal notions of collective self (i.e. with 'who we are' and 'who we want to be'). We discuss the value of including the VILS in the toolbox that researchers and practitioners can utilize to expand our understanding of identity processes in leadership and group behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srinivasan Tatachari
- T A Pai Management Institute, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Mazlan Maskor
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fesce R. The emergence of identity, agency and consciousness from the temporal dynamics of neural elaboration. Front Netw Physiol 2024; 4:1292388. [PMID: 38628469 PMCID: PMC11018992 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1292388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Identity-differentiating self from external reality-and agency-being the author of one's acts-are generally considered intrinsic properties of awareness and looked at as mental constructs generated by consciousness. Here a different view is proposed. All physiological systems display complex time-dependent regulations to adapt or anticipate external changes. To interact with rapid changes, an animal needs a nervous system capable of modelling and predicting (not simply representing) it. Different algorithms must be employed to predict the momentary location of an object based on sensory information (received with a delay), or to design in advance and direct the trajectory of movement. Thus, the temporal dynamics of external events and action must be handled in differential ways, thereby generating the distinction between self and non-self ("identity") as an intrinsic computational construct in neuronal elaboration. Handling time is not what neurons are designed for. Neuronal circuits are based on parallel processing: each bit of information diverges on many neurons, each of which combines it with many other data. Spike firing reports the likelihood that the specific pattern the neuron is designed to respond to is present in the incoming data. This organization seems designed to process synchronous datasets. However, since neural networks can introduce delays in processing, time sequences can be transformed into simultaneous patterns and analysed as such. This way predictive algorithms can be implemented, and continually improved through neuronal plasticity. To successfully interact with the external reality, the nervous system must model and predict, but also differentially handle perceptual functions or motor activity, by putting in register information that becomes available at different time moments. Also, to learn through positive/negative reinforcement, modelling must establish a causal relation between motor control and its consequences: the contrast between phase lag in perception and phase lead (and control) in motor programming produces the emergence of identity (discerning self from surrounding) and agency (control on actions) as necessary computational constructs to model reality. This does not require any form of awareness. In a brain, capable of producing awareness, these constructs may evolve from mere computational requirements into mental (conscious) constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fesce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Medical School, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Davison E, Semlyen J, Lindqvist S. Mentoring medical students as a means to increase healthcare assistant status: A qualitative study. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2149. [PMID: 38622906 PMCID: PMC11019241 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To offer a practical way in which the status of healthcare assistants (HCAs) can be increased by drawing on their experience, knowledge and skillset, whilst mentoring medical students during an HCA project. DESIGN Qualitative, reflexive thematic analysis. METHODS One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted between April and June 2019, with 13 participants. Participants included five healthcare assistants; three practice development nurses, two of whom were former HCAs; one registered general nurse and four clinical educators. RESULTS Two themes were identified: HCAs as silent, invisible caregivers (theme 1) and the formation of an HCA identity through mentoring (theme 2). HCAs are often silent performers of complex patient care with limited opportunity to engage in the interprofessional team dialogue. Social perceptions of HCAs describe them as a marginalised, poorly understood, 'unqualified' group with 'lowly status'. Mentoring medical students allows HCAs to draw on their experience, knowledge and skillset by actively contributing to the learning and development of future doctors. CONCLUSION The mentoring of medical students gave HCAs an active voice within the interprofessional team, instilling their confidence and self-worth. Mentoring allowed HCAs to move from a homogenous, group-based social identity to a role-based one that enabled HCAs to reveal the true extent of their work whilst negotiating their place and identity within the interprofessional team. IMPACT Leaders in healthcare will see that a re-evaluation of HCAs as performers of basic, hands-on patient care is needed to breakdown ingrained beliefs, eliminating a 'us and them' mentality. Involving HCAs in the mentoring of medical students will impact on the personal development of both HCAs and medical students in the cultivation of a future, person-centred, inclusive and collaborative workforce. REPORTING METHOD COREQ guidelines to enhance methodological rigour were strictly adhered to. PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT There is no patient or public involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Davison
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Interprofessional PracticeUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Joanna Semlyen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Susanne Lindqvist
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Interprofessional PracticeUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Daoultzis KC, Kordoutis P. The Bigger Picture: The Effect of Context on Gender Role Conflict in Greek Men. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:747-785. [PMID: 36067751 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221125775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gender Role Conflict (GRC) is manifested through certain behavioral patterns when the person adopts unquestionably restrictive gender roles with negative consequences both at intrapersonal and interpersonal level. There is evidence that socially desired masculine behavior is in transition in modern Greek society boosting GRC among Greek men. In this study, GRC patterns have been assessed experimentally using the imagery technique in 1051 Greek men. Emotionally elicited vignettes were created, each demonstrating a different context (Men's gender role conflict: Psychological costs, consequences, and an agenda for change. American Psychological Association): (1) developmental, (2) family - friends' relations and (3) conformity to masculinity ideology, homonegativity and violent behaviour. A mixed ANOVA revealed a significant three-way interaction between GRC patterns scoring, GRC vignettes and time (before and after reading the GRC vignettes). Further investigation of the three-way interaction revealed that vignettes reflecting social pressure to conform to masculinity ideology in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood as well as vignettes reflecting outright bullying to conform to such stereotypic roles had a significant impact on GRC patterns scoring, mostly decreasing conflict. The construction and testing of the GRC vignettes can update the existing tools for assessing GRC. Moreover, the vignettes could be employed to shed light on the possible causes of GRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Panos Kordoutis
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Klein E, Kinsella M, Stevens I, Fried-Oken M. Ethical issues raised by incorporating personalized language models into brain-computer interface communication technologies: a qualitative study of individuals with neurological disease. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:1041-1051. [PMID: 36403143 PMCID: PMC10351684 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2146217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the views of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases about ethical issues related to incorporating personalized language models into brain-computer interface (BCI) communication technologies. METHODS Fifteen semi-structured interviews and 51 online free response surveys were completed with individuals diagnosed with neurodegenerative disease that could lead to loss of speech and motor skills. Each participant responded to questions after six hypothetical ethics vignettes were presented that address the possibility of building language models with personal words and phrases in BCI communication technologies. Data were analyzed with consensus coding, using modified grounded theory. RESULTS Four themes were identified. (1) The experience of a neurodegenerative disease shapes preferences for personalized language models. (2) An individual's identity will be affected by the ability to personalize the language model. (3) The motivation for personalization is tied to how relationships can be helped or harmed. (4) Privacy is important to people who may need BCI communication technologies. Responses suggest that the inclusion of personal lexica raises ethical issues. Stakeholders want their values to be considered during development of BCI communication technologies. CONCLUSIONS With the rapid development of BCI communication technologies, it is critical to incorporate feedback from individuals regarding their ethical concerns about the storage and use of personalized language models. Stakeholder values and preferences about disability, privacy, identity and relationships should drive design, innovation and implementation.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONIndividuals with neurodegenerative diseases are important stakeholders to consider in development of natural language processing within brain-computer interface (BCI) communication technologies.The incorporation of personalized language models raises issues related to disability, identity, relationships, and privacy.People who may one day rely on BCI communication technologies care not just about usability of communication technology but about technology that supports their values and priorities.Qualitative ethics-focused research is a valuable tool for exploring stakeholder perspectives on new capabilities of BCI communication technologies, such as the storage and use of personalized language models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Klein
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Michelle Kinsella
- Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Ian Stevens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Melanie Fried-Oken
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barken TL, Robstad N. Academic nurses' transition across an academic career: A qualitative study. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:1630-1637. [PMID: 37904602 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of nurse academics' experiences with the transition from clinical practice to academia and throughout their whole career trajectory. DESIGN Qualitative study design. METHODS Three focus group interviews with 17 nurse academics employed at a University in Norway were conducted in May and June 2020. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Nurse academics experienced several diverse career transitions that continued throughout their whole career trajectory, affecting their daily life. Three interconnected themes were identified: 'clinically confident, yet academically uncertain', 'balancing the academic role' and 'lost in academic transition'. CONCLUSION This study contributes to a deeper understanding of nurse academics' experiences of transitioning into their academic role and identity. Transition was found not as separate occurrences but was described as several ongoing and concurrent processes throughout their whole career trajectory regardless of seniority level or academic experience. These transitions encompass shifts in identity, new responsibilities and increased tasks, yet often occur without adequate support. As a result, nurse academics may lack the essential skills and knowledge of the academic role. IMPACT This study provides insights into nurse academics' transition from clinical practice to academia and throughout their whole career trajectory. This is not a one-time occurrence but a continuous process that takes place throughout their entire career trajectory. This transition is embedded within a complex environment that requires careful consideration and attention. To address challenges regarding career transitions for nurse academics, universities should provide more training and preparation opportunities for all nurse academics when facing different career transitions. REPORTING METHOD Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lien Barken
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Nastasja Robstad
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reinhardt L, Whitehouse H. Why care for humanity? R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231632. [PMID: 38633352 PMCID: PMC11022010 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Some of the most pressing challenges facing our planet-such as climate change, biodiversity loss, warfare and extreme poverty-require social cohesion and prosocial action on a global scale. How can this be achieved? Previous research suggests that identity fusion-a strong form of group cohesion motivating prosocial action-results from perceptions of shared personally transformative experiences or of common biological essence. Here, we present results from two studies with United States samples exploring each pathway to identity fusion on a global scale. Study 1 focused on globally shared motherhood experiences and found that US mothers were more fused with women around the world if they shared motherhood experiences with them, which was also reflected in money allocation behaviour. Study 2 showed that exposure to a talk about globally shared biology increased fusion with humanity at large, Americans and the extended family suggesting that fusion with humanity does not need to weaken fusion with nation or extended family. We discuss implications of our results for future research on bonding with humanity at large and for addressing collective action problems on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Reinhardt
- Centre for the Study of Social Cohesion, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, OxfordOX2 6PE, UK
- Identity and Conflict Lab, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Harvey Whitehouse
- Centre for the Study of Social Cohesion, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, OxfordOX2 6PE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kealy D, Gazzillo F. Testing and treatment-by-attitude in psychotherapy for pathological narcissism: A clinical illustration. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:795-808. [PMID: 38009529 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Pathological narcissism is a personality constellation comprising distorted self-image, maladaptive self-esteem regulation, and difficulties in intimate relationships. Patients with elevated pathological narcissism may not necessarily meet criteria for narcissistic personality disorder, and may seek treatment for a range of mental health concerns across various clinical settings. An understanding of key principles of control-mastery theory (CMT) can help clinicians understand the specific goals and challenges of the individual patient with pathological narcissism, and can illuminate ways in which the patient may work in psychotherapy. This paper outlines how patients with pathological narcissism may engage in testing of their pathogenic beliefs, and how therapists can respond in ways that facilitate the patient's sense of safety and foster psychological work. The role of the therapist's attitude is highlighted as a means for countering pathogenic beliefs associated with pathological narcissism. Clinical material from a single case of time-limited supportive psychotherapy will be used to illustrate these principles and associated therapeutic processes. Insights from CMT regarding pathogenic beliefs and the patient's plan for addressing them can help to explain how therapy works or does not work for patients with pathological narcissism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francesco Gazzillo
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kasler J, Walter O, Elias MJ. Life satisfaction in emerging adults: The role of emotional and spiritual intelligences. J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:849-858. [PMID: 35427462 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2058881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. The present research had two main objectives. The first was to examine the impact of emotional intelligence and aspects of spiritual intelligence on life satisfaction among emerging adults in high-income countries. The second objective was to study the interactions between the variables. Methods. First, we used predictive analysis to examine the impact of emotional and spiritual intelligences on life satisfaction beyond that accounted for by gender and by anxiety and depression. Second, we studied the interactions between the variables measured by means of decision-tree analysis. Results. Personal meaning production emerged as the primary determining factor of life satisfaction. In addition, the participants with both personal meaning production and emotional intelligence above a certain threshold had the highest average scores on life satisfaction. Conclusions. The results suggest that further research on emerging adults should investigate the critical issue of identity development, specifically regarding the impact of spiritual and emotional intelligence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kasler
- Department of Education, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Ofra Walter
- Department of Education, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Maurice J Elias
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tornello SL, Smith RA. Sexual Minority Mothers: A Dyadic Exploration of Stigma, Identity, Support, and Parental Wellbeing. J Homosex 2024; 71:863-886. [PMID: 36264265 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2132580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For all couples, regardless of sexual orientation, transition to parenthood often increases stress, although, according to minority stress theory (MST), same-sex couples often experience additional stressors specifically related to their sexual orientation. In this study of 34 same-sex female couples (68 sexual minority mothers) who conceived their children with the use of sperm donation, we explored the intrapersonal and interpersonal influences of sexuality-related stigma, sexual identity, sexuality disclosure ("outness"), and social support on the wellbeing of each partner among these couples. We found support for MST, although the process worked differently based on the mother's role. Among the pregnant (gestational) mothers, personal experiences of sexuality related stigma, social support, and sexual identity disclosure were all associated with their individual wellbeing. In contrast, among the non-pregnant (non-gestational) mothers, these associations were more interpersonal in nature. Specifically, the non-gestational mothers' wellbeing was unrelated to their personal experiences of sexuality stigma but was associated with their partner's (the gestational mother's) reports of sexual identity centrality and affirmation and support from friends. In all, we found support for MST, such that greater sexuality stigma was associated with poorer wellbeing, but this relationship functioned differently depending on the mother's role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Tornello
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel A Smith
- Communication Arts and Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Auger E, Thai S, Birnie-Porter C, Lydon JE. On Creating Deeper Relationship Bonds: Felt Understanding Enhances Relationship Identification. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2024:1461672241233419. [PMID: 38476114 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241233419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Relational experiences play a critical role in shaping how individuals see themselves. In four studies (N=945) using person-perception, longitudinal, and experimental designs, we demonstrate that feeling understood changes individuals' self-concept by increasing the centrality of a specific relationship (relationship identification). Study 1 showed that participants perceived an individual to be more identified with their relationship when their partner was high (vs. low) in understanding. Study 2 extended these results by examining individuals in romantic relationships longitudinally. The results of Studies 1 and 2 were distinct for understanding compared to acceptance and caring. Studies 3 and 4 manipulated felt understanding. Recalling many versus few understanding instances (Study 3) and imagining a close other being low versus high in understanding (Study 4) led individuals to feel less understood, which reduced identification in their friendships and romantic relationships. Furthermore, Study 4 suggests that coherence may be one mechanism through which felt understanding increases relationship identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Auger
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Collège Ahuntsic, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Thai
- Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Warren J, Nigbur D. Lived experiences of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in the UK: Migration and identity. Br J Soc Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38456575 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Sri Lankan Tamil refugees (SLTRs) have lived in the United Kingdom in substantial numbers for about three decades. However, they remain under-represented in academic and public discourse, and little is known about their migration experiences. This study examined first-hand accounts of such experiences, with special attention paid to identity and acculturation. Data were collected through four semi-structured interviews and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The results suggest that SLTRs' experience of conflict as an imposed life disruption continues to shape their adaptation, identity, and meaning-making ("Afflicted life"). Changing social identities mediate protection from, as well as risk of, trauma. SLTRs try to remedy the socio-economic and emotional losses suffered in the conflict, but achieve only a partial compensation. Consequently their repair efforts are a source not only of positive emotions but also of dissatisfaction ("Living past"). Finally, participants' sense of belonging and quest for home represent a challenging socio-emotional process in which they continue to engage even decades after migration ("Continuing quest for home"). This nuanced analysis of how the past continues to shape lived experience, contributes to the under-developed literature on qualitative psychological investigations of acculturation, research on forced migration, and the establishment of IPA in social psychology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Warren
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Prague, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dennis Nigbur
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schuster C, Goseberg T, Arnold J, Sundermann A. I share because of who I am: values, identities, norms, and attitudes explain sharing intentions. J Soc Psychol 2024; 164:199-217. [PMID: 35301931 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2044282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To promote sustainable consumption, predictors of individuals' intentions need to be understood. Focusing on the example of collaborative consumption, we look at facilitating and inhibiting factors in a preregistered correlational study (N = 378). We hypothesized the Value-Identity-Personal norm (VIP) model to explain variance in sharing intention. In addition, we expected sharing intentions to be linked to attitudes about (de-)ownership. We also hypothesized self-extension into an object to be a barrier to sharing this object. The results supported all hypotheses: The VIP model and de-ownership orientation were related to sharing intentions. Moreover, self-extension into a car was significantly higher among subsamples of car owners than car sharers. Exploratory findings show that the value-intention link predicted by the VIP can be found for biospheric as well as altruistic values if sharing intentions are assessed with items framed to match these respective values. We discuss implications for attempts to promote sustainable consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Sundermann
- Leuphana University Lüneburg
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fritsch A, Voltzenlogel V, Cuervo-Lombard C. Exploring Characteristics of Self-Defining Memories in Older Adults. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 98:159-181. [PMID: 37340672 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231183138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the Self-Defining Memories (SDMs) in a large sample of 181 older adults (65-90 years; mean age = 73.0 years) and to target the relationships between their different dimensions. The sampling method was nonprobabilistic, based on voluntary participation. Participants were asked to recall three SDMs. They also completed the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a Self-esteem Scale. Almost half of the SDMs were specific and more than a quarter were integrated. Specificity, tension, redemption, contamination sequences, and affective response varied regarding thematic content. Specificity was positively correlated to tension whereas autobiographical reasoning was positively correlated to redemption and negatively linked to emotional response and depression. This research highlighted that identity is constituted by the main types of events that make up a life: interpersonal relationships, life-threatening events, achievement, and leisure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Fritsch
- Psychology Department, University of Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
- Centre d'Études et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, University of Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Voltzenlogel
- Psychology Department, University of Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
- Centre d'Études et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, University of Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Cuervo-Lombard
- Psychology Department, University of Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
- Centre d'Études et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, University of Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mendoza-Gordillo MJ. A qualitative analysis of the breastfeeding experiences of mothers who are nurses and nutritionists. J Commun Healthc 2024; 17:84-91. [PMID: 36927478 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2023.2189366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From a medical standpoint, breastmilk is the optimal option for feeding a baby, relegating the cultural, social, and material determinants to breastfeeding. Worldwide, breastfeeding rates are low, especially among working mothers. Healthcare providers have low breastfeeding rates due to several barriers to lactation, i.e. work schedule andlack of private places for pumping. METHOD A descriptive qualitative methodology was applied to examine the breastfeeding experiences of Ecuadorian mothers who are healthcare professionals. Twenty healthcare professionals who breastfed their babies took part in the research. Data gathering employed synchronous semi-structured interviews in Spanish. The data analysis followed the Phronetic Iterative Approach. RESULTS Women shifted the preconceived idea of the ideal breastfeeding scenario concerning duration, promotion, and support, ideals which are constructed in their training as healthcare professionals. Although these women believe that breast milk and breastfeeding is the best way to feed a baby, the internalized ideal of breastfeeding shifted with the experience of motherhood. Although they had that clash between the ideal and the external reality, they continued breastfeeding their babies, and those experiences resulted in them improving their professional practice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that breastfeeding for this group of women appears to be a unique relational and identity negotiation process. The findings emphasize that experiencing breastfeeding for this group of healthcare providers positively shifted how they communicate breastfeeding with their patients in the clinical encounter. Ensuring that healthcare professionals acquire a different approach for educating and communicating about lactation is an essential determinant in efforts to improve breastfeeding rates in Ecuador.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Mendoza-Gordillo
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America, School of Nursing, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gilfillan R, Carter P. Issues of identity, perceptions and isolation: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of women's experience of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:200-212. [PMID: 37771134 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231199253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the personal experience of women with MRKH, a rare condition characterised by congenital abnormalities of the genital tract. There are very few qualitative studies into the lived experiences of women with MRKH. Interviews were conducted with 13 women with MRKH and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes are discovered: maintaining a viable female identity; acceptance and coping; normality, secrecy and shame and the isolating impact of a lack of knowledge amongst the medical profession. This study also suggests that societal ideals of a 'normal woman' are influencing how MRKH impacts on the self-experienced psychological health. It is suggested that the psychological wellbeing of women with MRKH could be improved with continued multidisciplinary support beyond the initial diagnosis and alongside any vaginal correction.
Collapse
|
26
|
Shiloh S, Halfon A. Identity Reconstruction Following Injury in Dancers. J Dance Med Sci 2024:1089313X241233717. [PMID: 38415345 DOI: 10.1177/1089313x241233717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: To explore reconstructed identities of dancers who experienced an injury, using a model of identity reconstruction post-injury. Methods: An online questionnaire study with 145 dancers who had experienced a significant dance-related injury. Measures included a questionnaire measuring dancers' reconstructed identities, injury perceptions and injury centrality to self-concept. Statistical analyses included factor analysis, regression analyses and discriminant analysis. Results: Four latent variables discovered "supernormal self," "former self," "middle self," and "resentful self" reconstructed identities. Injury centrality to the self and specific injury perceptions were correlated with reconstructed identity scales in the predicted directions. Conclusions: The findings validated the existence of 4 distinct reconstructed identities associated with time distance from the injury. Classifying injured dancers according to these identities can help dance educators, practitioners and counselors detect dancers needing help and tailor counseling methods to modify the relevant injury perceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Shiloh
- School of Psychological Sciences, Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviv Halfon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Uysal MS, Saavedra P, Drury J. Beyond normative and non-normative: A systematic review on predictors of confrontational collective action. Br J Soc Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38390962 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This paper critically examines the normative versus non-normative distinction commonly used in collective action research. To explore the similarities and differences between antecedents of normative versus non-normative actions, we conducted a systematic review on diverse predictors of non-normative, radical and violent collective actions. We examined 37 social and political psychology studies published after 2010 and identified five recurring themes: identity, efficacy, injustice, emotions and norms. Findings exhibited significant overlaps with those predictors associated with normative collective action. Thus, a reconceptualization is needed to undermine the rigid boundaries between these action types, highlighting the intricate interplay of factors that transcend the conventional binary. Aiming to avoid conceptual ambiguity and challenge the perspective that associating particular collective actions with unwarranted violence using social norms as fixed and a priori, we propose the term 'confrontational collective action' to separate out form of action from societal approval. Through this reconceptualization, we discussed the main limitations in the literature, focusing on how studies approach normativity and efficacy and addressing the issue of decontextualization in the literature. This paper calls for a contextually informed understanding of confrontational collective action that recognizes what is seen as 'normative' can change over time through intra- and intergroup interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mete Sefa Uysal
- Department of Social Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Patricio Saavedra
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - John Drury
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Leatemia LD, Compen B, Dolmans DHJM, van Merrienboer JJG, Susilo AP. Situations that prompt teachers in problem-based curricula to reflect on their beliefs, identity and mission. Med Teach 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38395030 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2024.2316853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Teachers have different perceptions of how to enhance student learning. Whereas some take a teacher-centred perspective, others lean more towards a student-centred approach. Many studies in higher education have invoked Korthagen's onion model (2014) to explain how teachers' perspectives can impact their teaching practices. Spanning six interrelated layers, this model contains both outer (environment, behaviour, competencies) and inner (beliefs, identity, and mission) aspects. Focusing essentially on teachers' outer aspects, previous studies have paid scant attention to how particular situations affect teachers' inner aspects and, consequently, how teachers perceive student-centred learning. In this descriptive qualitative study, we explored situations that encouraged or discouraged teachers to embrace student-centred beliefs, identities and missions. We held three focus-group discussions with 18 teachers from two Indonesian medical schools, performing a thematic analysis of the data thus obtained. We found that certain situations made teachers reflect on their inner aspects, which either favourably or adversely affected their acceptance of a student-centred learning approach. Teachers' outer aspects (i.e. their prior problem-based teaching and learning experiences, learning situations from their own training as well as clinical duties) strongly interacted with their inner aspects, thereby shaping their teaching perspectives. Understanding how specific situations can influence teachers' inner aspects might help institutions to design faculty development programmes that address teachers' specific educational needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Daniel Leatemia
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Boukje Compen
- Department of Educational Development and Research and School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana H J M Dolmans
- Department of Educational Development and Research and School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J G van Merrienboer
- Department of Educational Development and Research and School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Pratidina Susilo
- Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Verschueren M, Claes L, Palmeroni N, Raemen L, Moons P, Bruckers L, Molenberghs G, Dierckx E, Schoevaerts K, Luyckx K. Identity Functioning in Patients with an Eating Disorder: Developmental Trajectories throughout Treatment. Nutrients 2024; 16:591. [PMID: 38474720 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing research has indicated a strong association between identity functioning and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology. However, a detailed investigation of identity throughout ED treatment is lacking. The present longitudinal study examined identity in inpatients with an ED and explored its simultaneous change with ED symptomatology throughout treatment. A total of 225 female patients completed questionnaires at admission. From these 225 patients participating at admission (Wave 1), 110 also participated in at least one additional measurement wave, with 43.64% (n = 48) participating at admission and during treatment, 16.36% (n = 18) participating at admission and at discharge, and 40% (n = 44) participating at admission, during treatment and at discharge. Questionnaires on identity synthesis, identity confusion, identity processes, and ED symptomatology were completed. Latent growth curve modeling was used to address the research questions. Throughout treatment, a decrease in identity confusion and an increase in identity synthesis and adaptive identity processes were found. Accordingly, increases in identity synthesis and identification with commitment were related to general decreases in the drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Similarly, such decreases in ED symptoms were related to general decreases in identity confusion and ruminative exploration. The present study points to an increase in identity functioning throughout treatment, and longitudinal associations between identity functioning and ED symptomatology were found. Helping patients to decrease their ruminative exploration and to increase their identification with previously made life commitments and treating body/weight concerns could both be helpful in ED treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Child & Youth Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nina Palmeroni
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum KU Leuven, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Leni Raemen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Child & Youth Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Moons
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Geert Molenberghs
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- I-BioStat, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Child & Youth Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Educational Unit for Professional Training and Service in the Behavioural Sciences (UNIBS), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Harrigan M, Jessup M, Bennett K, Mulrennan S. Me, myself, and I: A systematic review of cystic fibrosis and self-concept. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38376009 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Given extensive pertinent disease factors and evolving medical treatments, this systematic review explores qualitative and quantitative cystic fibrosis (CF) research surrounding self-concept, an overarching perception of self. Research methodologies, self-concept dimensions, prominent self-concept findings and clinical recommendations are identified. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines were applied. PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Psycinfo, CINAHL (ebsco), and CENTRAL Cochrane electronic databases were searched from 2012 to 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal skills program. Data-based convergent synthesis was applied to analyze and report on qualitative and quantitative studies in parallel. Thirty-seven publications met the inclusion criteria, most of which employed a cross-sectional, single-center design within an adolescent and adult population. Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-identity studies were dimensions of self-concept identified, with studies relating to self-efficacy surrounding physical health management most prevalent. All three dimensions were positively associated with improved treatment adherence and psychosocial health. Efficacy tested intervention programs to enhance self-concept are limited; however, an extensive range of clinical recommendations are offered, highlighting the importance of clinician self-concept awareness, quality clinician-patient conversations and online CF peer-support. Self-concept is an important mechanism to optimize patient outcomes. Further CF self-concept research is required, particularly multicenter, longitudinal, and interventional studies. Early childhood, post lung transplant and the older adult CF population in particular, lack research attention. Given the potential impact of rapidly evolving CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulator drugs on many aspects of self, future self-concept research beyond the dimension of self-efficacy may be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Harrigan
- UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health (IRH), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Cystic Fibrosis Western Australia (CFWA), Perth, Western Australia
| | - Melanie Jessup
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensl, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kellie Bennett
- UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Siobhain Mulrennan
- UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health (IRH), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Health, Sir Chares Gairdner Hospital (SCGH) Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duque E, Durán Vázquez JF. Working conditions and attitudes towards work: the case of Portuguese youth from Braga. Front Sociol 2024; 9:1356527. [PMID: 38419916 PMCID: PMC10899689 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1356527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the working conditions and attitudes towards work among the youth of Braga, Portugal. Focusing on residents of the Municipality of Braga born between 1990 and 2000, we employed a quantitative approach using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method, with a sample size of 406 people. The survey, conducted through questionnaires, reveals a complex interplay between the youth's work attitudes and their conditions. Despite the predominance of precarious employment, their work experiences and expectations do not entirely reflect this instability. Our findings suggest a shift in the role of work in the youths' identity compared to previous generations. This shift, common in post-industrial societies, shows that their identity is increasingly tied to the sociability their work enables and other life spheres where they seek fulfilment, as evidenced by how they utilize their earnings from these occupations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duque
- Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa & Communication and Society Research Centre (CECS) of the University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - José F Durán Vázquez
- Department of Sociology, Political Science and Management and Philosophy, Universidade of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fowler JA, Mendis M, Crook A, Chavez-Baldini U, Baca T, Dean JA. Exploring Aromanticism Through an Online Qualitative Investigation With the Aromantic Community: "Freeing, Alienating, and Utterly Fantastic". Int J Sex Health 2024; 36:126-143. [PMID: 38596810 PMCID: PMC10903686 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2024.2311158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective To explore what aromanticism is, common misconceptions about this identity, and the experiences people have connecting with an aromantic identity. Methods An online, international open-ended survey with a convenience sample of aromantic individuals (N = 1642) analyzed with thematic analysis. Results To identify as aromantic involves a spectrum of experiences with romance commonly tied to experiencing stigma. Connecting with an aromantic identity allows for a greater understanding of the self and a connection to a community. Conclusions Future research is needed to explore the experiences and perspectives of this community to gather better understanding of their needs and how to prevent/limit stigmatizing experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Fowler
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marini Mendis
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex Crook
- Aromantic-Spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy (AUREA), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - UnYoung Chavez-Baldini
- Aromantic-Spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy (AUREA), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tabitha Baca
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith A. Dean
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Poche Cente for Indigenous Health, Toowong, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Davies J, Cooper K, Killick E, Sam E, Healy M, Thompson G, Mandy W, Redmayne B, Crane L. Autistic identity: A systematic review of quantitative research. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 38334318 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Autism can be considered both a personal and social identity. Identifying the factors contributing to positive Autistic identity development is crucial given the potential implications for mental health and wellbeing. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesize quantitative literature on Autistic identity to identify the (individual and environmental) factors associated with Autistic identity, and to ascertain the relationship between Autistic identity and mental health and wellbeing. A total of 3,617 studies were screened and 20 met our inclusion criteria. Results indicated that people developed a more positive Autistic identity when receiving external autism acceptance and external support. The association between individual factors and Autistic identity were largely nonsignificant or inconclusive, highlighting the need for broad support that meets the needs of a range of Autistic people, rather than specific subgroups. Importantly, positive Autistic identity was associated with improved mental health and wellbeing. Peer support and/or self-directed support resources may be valuable mechanisms for supporting Autistic people to cultivate a positive Autistic identity. The evaluation of such support, including the long-term impacts on identity development, will be a critical avenue for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Davies
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Cooper
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK
| | - Estelle Killick
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UK
| | - Evelyn Sam
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Will Mandy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational, & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Laura Crane
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UK
- Autism Centre for Education and Research (ACER), Department of Disability, Inclusion and Special Needs, School of Education, College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Khoramirad A, Shojaei S, Ghaderi H, Abedini Z. The relationship between anxiety and academic identity and the motivation to study nursing and midwifery in the covid-19 pandemic: A structural model. J Educ Health Promot 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 38525217 PMCID: PMC10959260 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1782_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had a great psychological effect on health service providers and students of related fields. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and academic identity and the motivation to study nursing and midwifery during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study 221 nursing and midwifery students at-University of Medical Sciences in 2020 using census sampling were studied. The questionnaires were GADQ-7, the student's academic identity standard questionnaire, the coronavirus anxiety scale, and academic motivation in nursing and midwifery. Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, and path analysis were used in statistical software AMOS (version 21) and SPSS (version 22). RESULTS The results showed that motivation and anxiety with a significant overall effect of 0.43 and -0.36 were the main determining variables of academic identity respectively (P < 0.001). COVID-19 anxiety was recognized as responsible for 24% of the changes in motivation to study nursing (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Academic identity and motivation to study nursing and midwifery have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for psychological attention in this situation is required for nursing and midwifery students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Khoramirad
- Ph.D. in Health Psychology, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Sarallah Shojaei
- Ph.D. in Health Education and Health Promotion, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Heydar Ghaderi
- Master of Curriculum Planning, Employee of the Department of Education, Faculty of Nursing, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Abedini
- Ph.D. in Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
New-Brown G, Sargeant C, Wright S. Navigating the landscape: Roles, perspectives, and experiences of psychologists supporting gender diverse children and young people in school settings. Int J Transgend Health 2024; 25:102-122. [PMID: 38328591 PMCID: PMC10846466 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2023.2291712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This review aimed to explore and synthesize the perspectives and experiences of school-based psychological professionals providing support to gender diverse CYP across the world, to foreground the voices of those with relevant experience and support future practice. Methods A systematic review of five databases (PsychINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS and PROQUEST dissertations and theses) was performed between September and November 2022. Articles were included if they contained qualitative, primary research data representing the voice of at least one school-based psychological professional with experience working with gender diverse children and young people. Articles were excluded if they did not contain primary research data, were quantitative, related to non-school based psychologists or focussed on participant views in the absence of direct experience working with gender diverse pupils. Articles were thematically summarized and organized into a data extraction table. Results Eighteen studies were identified for review, including 11 studies based in the USA, five in the UK, one in Australia and one in Cyprus. The voices of school-based professionals, including school counselors, school psychologists, trainee and qualified educational psychologists, were represented. The themes created highlighted the importance of the environment in which psychologists were working, the reliance on their own views and values to guide their work in the absence of clear guidance, the role psychologists saw they had to advocate for gender diverse CYP, as well as barriers and systems they were fighting against. Conclusion The review highlighted the need for psychologists to advocate for gender diverse children and young people, in an often non-inclusive environment where there was a need to work systemically with schools. Future research is needed to explore young people's experiences of the support that they are receiving and would like to receive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gracie New-Brown
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cora Sargeant
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah Wright
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Banai M, Mayer CH. Identity, culture, and feminism: Golda Meir - Israel's prime minister (1969-1974). Int Rev Psychiatry 2024; 36:6-17. [PMID: 38557336 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2225619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Like most historical leaders, Israel's fourth prime minister, Golda Meir, is a controversial figure. Some consider her the worst prime minister in Israel's history, who was responsible for Israel's lack of preparedness for the Yom Kippur War, and others perceive her to be the only 'man' who stood in the way of Arabs' countries victory over Israel. Some view her to be conservative, not brilliant, dogmatic, masculine, and racist, and some others, as a simple, modest, warm, and empathetic woman. The authors bridge between these two conflicting views by employing theories of identity, culture, and gender role bias to investigate how Golda Meir's early age trauma caused by pogroms against Jews, cultural transition between Russia, the USA, and Mandatory Palestine, and serving as a powerful woman leader in an all-men political system, influenced her personal and political behaviour and her public image.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Banai
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claude-Hélène Mayer
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Walker SM, Blattner K, Nixon G, Koroheke Rogers M, Kennedy E. What does it mean to be an allied health professional working in rural Aotearoa New Zealand? A qualitative study. Aust J Rural Health 2024; 32:53-66. [PMID: 37964677 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Building health services and workforce that are both well supported and fit for purpose is a key consideration for improving health outcomes in rural populations. Achieving this requires an understanding of the roles and practice characteristic of each professional group, including allied health professionals. This study explores what it means to be an allied health professional practicing in rural Aotearoa New Zealand. DESIGN A qualitative study design was used, involving individual semi-structured interviews with 13 rural allied health professionals in the Otago and Northland regions. The interviews explored participants journey into rural practice, their experiences working rurally, and their views on rural practice. FINDINGS Four main themes were derived: Identity; Connectedness; Expectations; and Providing Care. DISCUSSION Proud of being rural, these allied health professionals are immersed within their community, intertwining their professional and personal identities. The unique nature of this dual identity while empowering for some, can also isolate rural allied health professionals from their professional bodies and urban peers. This leads to a sense of vulnerability and feeling undervalued and invisible. In response, rural allied health professionals choose to form strong connections to their local interprofessional team and their community. The connections they forge, and the breadth of their skills cumulate to enable allied health professionals to provide dynamic and responsive health services for their rural communities. CONCLUSION This study provides the first insight into experiences and perspectives of allied health professionals within rural Aotearoa New Zealand. Despite the challenges, a sense of pride is associated with practicing rurally for allied health professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Walker
- Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Dunstan Hospital, Central Otago Health Services Limited, Clyde, New Zealand
| | - Katharina Blattner
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Rawene Hospital, Hauora Hokianga, Rawene, New Zealand
| | - Garry Nixon
- Dunstan Hospital, Central Otago Health Services Limited, Clyde, New Zealand
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Marara Koroheke Rogers
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Rawene Hospital, Hauora Hokianga, Rawene, New Zealand
- Hokianga, Rawene, New Zealand
| | - Ewan Kennedy
- Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Martinez L, Palacios N, Wang J, Thainiyom P, Allard M, Swinford P, Van Orman S. Identity mediates inequity and flourishing among racially minoritized and international undergraduate college students. J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:376-382. [PMID: 35259075 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2035389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Racially minoritized individuals can simultaneously experience both oppression and flourishing (ie, positive mental health). This study examines identity connection as a mediator of this relationship. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduates at a large, private university (n = 771), 59.4% racially minoritized American or international (RMA/I). METHODS Measures included perception of value, perception of fair/equitable treatment, identity centrality (ie, significance of racial/ethnic identity), identity exploration, and flourishing. Structural equation models compared RMA/I vs. white American students. RESULTS Among RMA/I students, flourishing was predicted by perception of value and identity centrality; identity centrality was positively predicted by perception of value and negatively predicted by perception of fair/equitable treatment. Among white American students, only perception of value predicted flourishing. CONCLUSIONS Identity centrality mediated the relationship between fair/equitable treatment and flourishing among these minoritized undergraduate students, supporting theory that identity may be formed in response to oppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Martinez
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Naddia Palacios
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Wang
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Monique Allard
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paula Swinford
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Van Orman
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rommes E, Chaer N. Counter-narratives against hardships among Syrian refugee youth and parents. Transcult Psychiatry 2024; 61:70-84. [PMID: 37933136 PMCID: PMC10903117 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231191993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The conventional literature and popular media describe the challenges of (Syrian) refugees in terms of their being victims who need to deal with the traumatic events they experienced before and during their flight. Their lack of seeking professional psychosocial help to improve their mental wellbeing is often explained by migrants' supposed fear of stigmatization. Using in-depth interviews with 10 Syrian refugees in the Netherlands, we show that their main struggle concerns their identity fragmentation as a result of both their displacement and the stereotypical discourses of Muslim/Syrian people as victims or terrorists. In this article, we explore how Syrian refugee youths use strategic forgetting and remembering of both positive and negative memories to reconstruct their (collective) identity. Our finding that Syrian refugee youths use counter-narratives of being strong and competent to deal with their experience of identity fragmentation offers an alternative explanation for refugees not seeking professional help in dealing with their hardships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Els Rommes
- Gender & Diversity Studies, Radboud University
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
von Peter S, Stuetzle S, Brieger A, Ponew A, Lust C, Bermpohl F, Bechdolf A, Hardt O, Schomerus G, Speerforck S. Leaving the stigma to the patients? Frequency of crisis experiences among mental health professionals in Berlin and Brandenburg and how they cope with it. J Ment Health 2024; 33:66-74. [PMID: 36880330 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2023.2182415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mental health professionals' mental health problems are gaining increased attention, there is little systematic research on this topic. AIMS This study investigated the frequency of crisis experiences among mental health professionals and examined how they approach these experiences in terms of their personal and social identities. METHODS An online survey was conducted among mental health professionals in 18 psychiatric hospital departments in the German federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg (N = 215), containing questions about personal crisis experiences, help sought, service use, meaningfulness of lived experiences, causal beliefs of mental illness and psychotherapeutic orientation. Social identification was assessed via semantic differential scales derived from preliminary interview studies. To investigate relationships between the variables, explorative correlation analyses were calculated. RESULTS Results showed a high frequency rate of crisis experiences, substantial rates of suicidal ideation and incapacity to work and high service use. Most participants regarded their experiences as meaningful for their personal identity. Meaningfulness was positively related to a psychosocial causation model of mental illness, to psychodynamic psychotherapeutic orientation and to a high degree of disidentification with users and crisis experienced colleagues. CONCLUSION The (paradoxical) disintegration of personal and social identity of may be understood as a strategy to avoid stigmatization. A more challenging coping style among professionals is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Stuetzle
- Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Anna Brieger
- Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Angel Ponew
- Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Christian Lust
- Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Clinic at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Bechdolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine with Early Intervention and Recognition Center (FRITZ), Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Hardt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Speerforck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shuman E, van Zomeren M, Saguy T, Knowles E, Halperin E. Defend, Deny, Distance, and Dismantle: A New Measure of Advantaged Identity Management. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2024:1461672231216769. [PMID: 38284619 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231216769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The experience of privilege can trigger psychological conflict among advantaged group members. Nonetheless, little work has explored strategies that advantaged group members use to manage their identities as privileged actors. Building on Knowles et al.'s framework and theories of intergroup relations, we address the conceptualization and measurement of advantaged group identity-management strategies. We aim to refine theorizing and validate a measure of these strategies across three contexts (U.S.'s White-Black relations, Israel's Jewish-Arab/Palestinian relations, and U.S.'s gender relations). This process yielded two novel conceptual and empirical contributions. First, we add a strategy-defend-in which advantaged-group members overtly justify inequality. Second, we discover that distancing has two facets (distancing from inequality and from identity). Across six studies, we find support for our proposed factor structure, measurement invariance, and construct validity. We discuss how advantaged groups contend with privilege and offer a tool for studying these strategies across domains and contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Shuman
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Clarke-Jeffers P, Keyte R, Connabeer K. "Hair is your crown and glory" - Black women's experiences of living with alopecia and the role of social support. Health Psychol Rep 2024; 12:154-165. [PMID: 38628276 PMCID: PMC11016946 DOI: 10.5114/hpr/177730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia is an autoimmune condition that results in hair loss, mainly from the scalp. There are three specific types of autoimmune alopecia: alopecia areata (AA; small patches of hair loss), alopecia totalis (AT; total hair loss from the scalp) and alopecia universalis (AU; total hair loss from the scalp and body). Whilst research has explored the experiences of White women living with alopecia, there is a lack of research exploring the impact of alopecia on women in the Black community. The current study aimed to explore Black women's experience of living with autoimmune types of alopecia with a focus on the cultural importance of hair within the Black community and the impact of social support. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Seven Black women (age range: 37-68 years; mean age: 51 years) were recruited purposively through alopecia support group organisations and social media to participate in a semi-structured interview; four participants were diagnosed with AA, two participants were diagnosed with AU, and one participant was diagnosed with AT. One-to-one interviews were conducted online, and interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to guide data collection and analysis. RESULTS Participants discussed the significance of hair specifically within the Black community and the complex relationship between psychological wellbeing, coping and seeking support. CONCLUSIONS This novel area, specific to Black women's psychological experience of alopecia, acknowledges the influence of cultural and ethnic differences. The findings suggest that proactive awareness from health professionals and social support groups are needed due to the nuances of Black women's alopecia experience to provide better support and to enhance the quality of life for Black women to manage their alopecia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Keyte
- Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Van Bavel JJ, Robertson CE, Del Rosario K, Rasmussen J, Rathje S. Social Media and Morality. Annu Rev Psychol 2024; 75:311-340. [PMID: 37906950 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-022123-110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Nearly five billion people around the world now use social media, and this number continues to grow. One of the primary goals of social media platforms is to capture and monetize human attention. One means by which individuals and groups can capture attention and drive engagement on these platforms is by sharing morally and emotionally evocative content. We review a growing body of research on the interrelationship of social media and morality as well its consequences for individuals and society. Moral content often goes viral on social media, and social media makes moral behavior (such as punishment) less costly. Thus, social media often acts as an accelerant for existing moral dynamics, amplifying outrage, status seeking, and intergroup conflict while also potentially amplifying more constructive facets of morality, such as social support, prosociality, and collective action. We discuss trends, heated debates, and future directions in this emerging literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay J Van Bavel
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; , , ,
- Department of Strategy and Management, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Jesper Rasmussen
- Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Steve Rathje
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tieu M, Matthews S. The Relational Care Framework: Promoting Continuity or Maintenance of Selfhood in Person-Centered Care. J Med Philos 2024; 49:85-101. [PMID: 37776569 PMCID: PMC10787111 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We argue that contemporary conceptualizations of "persons" have failed to achieve the moral goals of "person-centred care" (PCC, a model of dementia care developed by Tom Kitwood) and that they are detrimental to those receiving care, their families, and practitioners of care. We draw a distinction between personhood and selfhood, pointing out that continuity or maintenance of the latter is what is really at stake in dementia care. We then demonstrate how our conceptualization, which is one that privileges the lived experiences of people with dementia, and understands selfhood as formed relationally in connection with carers and the care environment, best captures Kitwood's original idea. This conceptualization is also flexible enough to be applicable to the practice of caring for people at different stages of their dementia. Application of this conceptualization into PCC will best promote the well-being of people with dementia, while also encouraging respect and dignity in the care environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tieu
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Steve Matthews
- Plunkett Center for Ethics, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tiao MM, Chang YC, Ou LS, Hung CF, Khwepeya M. An Exploration of Pediatricians' Professional Identities: A Q-Methodology Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:144. [PMID: 38255033 PMCID: PMC10815713 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Professional identities may influence a wide range of attitudes, ethical standards, professional commitments and patient safety. This study aimed to explore the important elements that comprise pediatricians' professional identities. A Q-methodology was used to identify the similarities and differences in professional identity. Forty pediatricians were recruited from two tertiary referral hospitals in Taiwan. A list of statements was developed by five attending physicians and three residents. R software was used to analyze the Q-sorts to load the viewpoints and formulate the viewpoint arrays. Additional qualitative data-one-to-one personal interviews-were analyzed. Twenty-eight of forty pediatricians, 11 males and 17 females, with an average age of 39.9 (27-62) years, were associated with four viewpoints. We labeled the four viewpoints identified for professional identity as (1) professional recognition, (2) patient communication, (3) empathy and (4) insight. The professional recognition viewpoint comprised of youngest participants-28-36 years-with the majority as residents (77.8%), while the empathy viewpoint comprised the oldest participants-38-62 years-with all as attending physicians. All participants in the empathy and insight viewpoints were married. This study found professional identity to be a multifaceted concept for pediatricians, especially in the areas of professional recognition, patient communication, empathy and insight into patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Che Chang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Shiou Ou
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Fa Hung
- Department of Psychology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Madalitso Khwepeya
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Besozzi T. Social aesthetics and the homeless: Acting on the body and the identity of this extremely marginalized group. Rech Soins Infirm 2024; 154:29-42. [PMID: 38182538 DOI: 10.3917/rsi.154.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This article explores the relevance of the psycho-corporal mediation that interventions based on social aesthetics allow when working with the homeless, particularly regarding the specific nature of their identities and bodies. Based on an ethnographic survey conducted in an experimental shelter for extremely marginalized people (named the “Integration Village”), we detail the health, body, and identity issues related to this type of care. The scientific literature and the social aestheticians we interviewed also indicate that the bodily and psychological dimensions of this type of treatment are closely intertwined. After specifying the modalities for the implementation of social aesthetics sessions in the Village, we focus on the perceptions and expectations of homeless patients toward this potential care approach. Finally, we observe the effects of a social aesthetics-based approach on homeless individuals in order to test the hypothesis that socio-aesthetic care is beneficial to them (at different levels and in different ways), both in terms of their relationship with their bodies and their self-esteem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Besozzi
- Ph.D sociologie, LIR3S-UMR 7366 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Truskauskaite I, Sugimura K, Abe K, Hihara S, Haramaki Y, Jovarauskaite L, Kamite Y, Kazlauskas E. Exploring trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress in university students of different identity statuses in Lithuania and Japan. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38179690 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942300161x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is the time when identity questions are addressed. It is also a time of excessive stress and risk for mental health problems. Different identity statuses relate to different mental health outcomes. Yet, little research has addressed how identity status is interlinked with trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress reactions, especially in multicultural contexts. The current study aimed to explore whether different traumatic experiences are related to the current identity status of university students aged between 18 and 29 years and investigate to what extent trauma-exposed emerging adults of different identity statuses report symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD). In total, 2237 university students from Lithuania (n = 791) and Japan (n = 1345) participated in the current study. Identity profiles were revealed by using the Latent Class Analysis approach. Lithuania and Japan were comparable in terms of identity profiles and structure of PTSD/CPTSD. Trauma-exposed emerging adults reported a higher probability of being in troubled diffusion identity status; students in achievement identity status had a lower probability of CPTSD and lower rates of symptoms of disturbances in self-organization. The diffused identity of emerging adults from Lithuania and Japan is associated with trauma exposure, and positive identity is linked with fewer CPTSD reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazumi Sugimura
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Abe
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Hihara
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Haramaki
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kamite
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hwang J, Ding Y, Wang C, Chen E, Wu Y, Hu X. Asian American University Students' Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38247686 PMCID: PMC10813077 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to the unprecedented challenges and stressors that university students faced during the COVID-19 pandemic, Asian American students experienced specific hardships due to COVID-19-associated xenophobic attitudes, harassment, and assault against people of Asian complexions. This qualitative study aimed to explore the ways in which Asian American university students' experiences during the pandemic changed their views of their identities as Asian Americans by analyzing in-depth interviews of four case study participants. Secondary analysis of two waves of interviews, which were conducted during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and during a six-month follow-up, and primary analysis of a newly conducted third wave one year after the initial outbreak yielded 12 themes that captured the essence of the Asian American university students' experience and redefining of their identity during the pandemic. The four participants identified these themes across four categories: Experiences and Events during the Pandemic; Categorization of Asians in America; Confronting Asian Discrimination; and Renewed Sense of Identity. The longitudinal findings revealed direct experiences and perspectives regarding the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on Asian communities, as well as the impact of the various social and political events during this time period, such as the Black Lives Matter Movement (2020) and the 2020 US presidential election. The implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Hwang
- Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA; (J.H.); (E.C.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Yi Ding
- Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA; (J.H.); (E.C.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Cixin Wang
- College of Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Eric Chen
- Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA; (J.H.); (E.C.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Ying Wu
- Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA; (J.H.); (E.C.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA; (J.H.); (E.C.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kobrosli J, Tapp K, Soucie K. Construction of identity in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease across the lifespan. Psychol Health 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38173135 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2299243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness that affects 10 million individuals worldwide; however, Canada has the highest rates of IBD per capita in the world. Presently, 0.7% of Canadians are diagnosed with IBD, which is expected to rise to 1% by 2030. Disease onset is typically between the ages of 15-45 years old. This is a crucial period for identity development and growth; however, IBD symptoms often disrupt these processes and cause individuals to abandon or reconstruct parts of their identity. As a result, changes in individuals' life plans and health status may cause them to grieve their former pre-IBD identities. In this qualitative narrative study, we captured the lived experiences of IBD, with a focus on what individuals have lost, gained, or accomplished across various avenues (e.g. relationships, education, and future scripts). Thirteen participants constructed IBD narratives using a holistic-form narrative approach, a method that captures various plot formulations and discourses that emerge through storytelling. We found three main plotlines: The 'journey to acceptance', which detailed a route to acceptance wherein individuals integrated IBD into their identity, 'the ambivalent story', which exemplified individuals who were unsure of IBD and the resulting impacts of the diagnosis on their identity, and 'the grief story', which outlined grief and loss surrounding one's pre-IBD self. These results illuminate the role of narrative in shaping meaning-making and identity processes over the life course. We urge future researchers to explore narrative inquiry as a route to further understand the integration of IBD into one's life story/identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Kobrosli
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Kenzie Tapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Kendall Soucie
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ballmer T, Gantschnig B. Maintaining autonomy: How older persons with chronic conditions and their significant others interpret, navigate, and overcome everyday difficulties. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2249959. [PMID: 37677079 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2249959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of older adults live in their own homes. Many of them live with chronic conditions that lead to activity limitations and participation restrictions. To support them adequately, we need to better understand how they cope with everyday difficulties. AIM To identify and examine difficulties in everyday life older people with chronic conditions who live in private homes face and how they and their significant others interpret, navigate, and overcome these difficulties. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a focus group interview with 10 participants including eight older adults with chronic conditions and two of their significant others. We then transcribed the interviews verbatim and thematically analysed them. RESULTS We generated the three closely interrelated themes struggling not to lose control, a shifting balance between resources and environmental challenges, and negotiating independence and interdependence. Participants interpreted the difficulties they faced as multicausal. Their main goal was maintaining autonomy, agency, and a positive identity. They employed individual, creative strategies to achieve these goals. CONCLUSIONS Older persons with chronic conditions prioritise autonomy and agency in order to maintain a positive identity. SIGNIFICANCE Interventions to support older persons with chronic conditions should centre their priorities and build on their creativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ballmer
- Institute of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Gantschnig
- Institute of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital (Inselspital), and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|