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Kumari A, Ranjan A, Nishant P, Sinha S, Sinha RK. Cross-sectional study to describe the severity, bio-chemical associations, and final outcomes of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in a tertiary hospital of East India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2193-2198. [PMID: 37202947 PMCID: PMC10391476 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2507_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered a mucormycosis epidemic in India. Diabetes mellitus and dysregulated immune response were contributors, and rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) was the most common presentation. It is however not known whether bio-chemical parameters at presentation correlate with stage of ROCM or final outcome in terms of vision or mortality. Methods This retrospective, hospital-based study included all in-patients of mucormycosis with ophthalmic manifestations at presentation admitted during June 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021. It aimed to evaluate the association between severity of infection, serum levels of HbA1c, ferritin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer levels at presentation and outcome. Results There were altogether 47 eligible cases having a mean age of 48.8 ± 10.9 years with a male:female ratio of 2.6:1; forty-two (89.4%) had pre-existing diabetes, and five (10.6%) had steroid-induced hyperglycemia. The mean HbA1c among diabetics was 9.7 ± 2.1. HbA1c and serum CRP showed an increase over subsequent stages, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.31). IL-6 values for all stages were similar (P = 0.97). Only serum ferritin levels showed a statistically significant increase over stages (P = 0.04). IL-6 was significantly lower (P = 0.03) in patients who survived, whereas CRP levels were significantly lower in patients who had final visual acuity (VA) better than only perception of light (P = 0.03). Conclusion Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is a significant association of ROCM. Serum ferritin levels at presentation best correlate with extent of the disease. CRP levels are best to prognosticate cases that will have sufficient VA to carry on activities of daily living, whereas IL-6 levels are best associated with survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Kumari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College, Patna, India
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College, Patna, India
| | - Prateek Nishant
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Sony Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College, Patna, India
| | - Ranjeet K Sinha
- Department of Community Medicine, Patna Medical College, Patna, India
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2
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Caswell G, Eshelby B. Skin microbiome considerations for long haul space flights. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956432. [PMID: 36158225 PMCID: PMC9493037 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the human skin microbiome has long been associated with changes to the pH of the skin, dermal immune function and chronic skin conditions. Dermatological issues have been noted as the most prevalent medical presentation in the microgravity environment of space. The change in gravitational forces has been implicated in human immuno-suppression, also impacted by changes in the gastrointestinal-skin axis and its impact on Vitamin D metabolism, altered microbial gene expression in resident flora (leading changes in biofilm formation) and increased virulence factors in potential pathogens. There are also other stressors to the skin microbiome unique to space travel, including increased exposure to radiation, prolonged periods of dry washing technique, air quality and changes in microbe replication and growth parameters. Optimal microbiome health leads to enhanced skin barrier manufacture and maintenance, along with improved skin immune function and healing. In a microgravity environment expected to be experienced during long space flights, disruptions to the skin microbiome, coupled with increased virulence of pathological viruses and bacteria has implications for holistic skin health, astronaut cognitive function and mental health, and is coupled with slowed rates of wound healing. Scenario management for holistic skin health and restoration of microbiome homeostasis on long space flights require consideration.
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Bailly C, Thuru X, Quesnel B. Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1): A Pool of Circulating Proteins Implicated in Health and Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3034. [PMID: 34204509 PMCID: PMC8233757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon T-cell receptor stimulation, the Programmed cell Death-1 receptor (PD-1) expressed on T-cells can interact with its ligand PD-L1 expressed at the surface of cancer cells or antigen-presenting cells. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 are routinely used for the treatment of cancers, but their clinical efficacy varies largely across the variety of tumor types. A part of the variability is linked to the existence of several forms of PD-L1, either expressed on the plasma membrane (mPD-L1), at the surface of secreted cellular exosomes (exoPD-L1), in cell nuclei (nPD-L1), or as a circulating, soluble protein (sPD-L1). Here, we have reviewed the different origins and roles of sPD-L1 in humans to highlight the biochemical and functional heterogeneity of the soluble protein. sPD-L1 isoforms can be generated essentially by two non-exclusive processes: (i) proteolysis of m/exoPD-L1 by metalloproteases, such as metalloproteinases (MMP) and A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM), which are capable of shedding membrane PD-L1 to release an active soluble form, and (ii) the alternative splicing of PD-L1 pre-mRNA, leading in some cases to the release of sPD-L1 protein isoforms lacking the transmembrane domain. The expression and secretion of sPD-L1 have been observed in a large variety of pathologies, well beyond cancer, notably in different pulmonary diseases, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and viral diseases. The expression and role of sPD-L1 during pregnancy are also evoked. The structural heterogeneity of sPD-L1 proteins, and associated functional/cellular plurality, should be kept in mind when considering sPD-L1 as a biomarker or as a drug target. The membrane, exosomal and soluble forms of PD-L1 are all integral parts of the highly dynamic PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, essential for immune-tolerance or immune-escape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Thuru
- Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, UMR9020-UMR1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, CHU Lille, Inserm, CNRS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (X.T.); (B.Q.)
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, UMR9020-UMR1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, CHU Lille, Inserm, CNRS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (X.T.); (B.Q.)
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4
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Saha G, Chiranjivi AK, Khamar BM, Prerna K, Kumar M, Dubey VK. BLIMP-1 Mediated Downregulation of TAK1 and p53 Molecules Is Crucial in the Pathogenesis of Kala-Azar. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:594431. [PMID: 33194842 PMCID: PMC7658262 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.594431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of inflammasome is critical during any pathogenic encounter. The whole innate immune system comprising of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) relies on its ability to sense microbes. The fate of cellular death in infected cells depends mostly on the activation of these inflammasome, the dysregulation of which, due to functional manipulation by various pathogens, leads to be the cause of many human diseases. Here, an interesting finding has been observed which is related to how Leishmania donovani parasites exploit various host mediator molecules to cause immunosuppression. Here we report for the first time that the parasites check pyroptosis in the infected cells in-vitro by BLIMP-1 mediated suppression of TAK1 and p53 proteins. This might be one of the reasons how parasites evade the pro-inflammatory response of the host cells. Further understandings and validations are required to come up with better therapeutic approaches against kala-azar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundappa Saha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar Chiranjivi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Bakulesh M Khamar
- Research & Development, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kumari Prerna
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
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5
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Morelon E, Kanitakis J, Thaunat O, Petruzzo P, Badet L. [Immunological aspects of vascularised composite tissue grafts]. Soins 2019; 64:20-21. [PMID: 31783941 DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The progress of immuno-suppressive treatments in recent years has largely conditioned advances and successes in allotransplantations of vascularised composite tissues, especially the hands and face. However, rejection phenomena are not fully controlled, as in other organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Morelon
- Service de transplantation, néphrologie et immunologie clinique, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 92, rue Pasteur, CS 30122, 69361 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Inserm, U1111/UMR5308, Tour Inserm, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | | | - Olivier Thaunat
- Service de transplantation, néphrologie et immunologie clinique, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 92, rue Pasteur, CS 30122, 69361 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Inserm, U1111/UMR5308, Tour Inserm, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Palmina Petruzzo
- Service d'urologie et de transplantation, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Badet
- Université de Lyon, 92, rue Pasteur, CS 30122, 69361 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Service d'urologie et de transplantation, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
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Shen Z, Gu X, Mao W, Cao H, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Liu K, Wang L, Zhang Z, Yin L. Dendritic cells fused with endothelial progenitor cells play immunosuppressive effects on angiogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia mice. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:2816-2829. [PMID: 31217856 PMCID: PMC6556654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore role of dendritic cells (DCs) fused with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in inhibiting angiogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mice. EPCs were isolated from human AML bone marrow mononuclear cells and fused with DCs, which were then injected back into AML mice. Changes in leukemia cells, micro-vessel density (MVD), early EPC molecular markers vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2/KDR) and CD133 in bone marrow were measured. The results indicated that CD133 and KDR expression in EPCs was significantly higher than in epithelial cells (HUVECs). There were 46.14% ± 8.21% DCs doubly positive for VEGFR2 and CD11c, and it was 8.53% ± 1.27% in co-culture group. Fusion rate of DC/EPCs was 37.61% ± 6.94%, and 35.63% ± 6.09% in DC/ECs group. Growth rate of DC/EPCs was faster than that of EPCs (P<0.05). At 14-20 days after fused cells injection, symptoms gradually decreased. There were a greater number of micro-vessels in bone marrow biopsy sections of AML mice than in normal controls (P<0.05). There was slightly lower MVD in EC/DCs compared with EPC/DCs (P>0.05). Positive expression of CD133 and VEGFR2 in bone marrow biopsies of AML mice was significantly higher than that in control mice (P<0.05). Positive expression of CD133 and VEGFR2 in DC/EC fused cells was significantly lower than that before fusion (P<0.05). In conclusion, DC-EPCs play a certain immunosuppressive effect on angiogenesis in AML mice. Our findings provide experimental data support for the construction of a cell vaccine with anti-angiogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglei Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Xuezhong Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First People Hospital in Yunnan ProvinceKunming, China
| | - Wenwen Mao
- Department of Geriatics, The Second Hospital of KunmingKunming, China
| | - Honghua Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Yeying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Lilan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Liefen Yin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
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Campbell JP, Turner JE. There is limited existing evidence to support the common assumption that strenuous endurance exercise bouts impair immune competency. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 15:105-109. [PMID: 30430884 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1548933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James E Turner
- a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
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8
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Hudson AL, Parker NR, Khong P, Parkinson JF, Dwight T, Ikin RJ, Zhu Y, Chen J, Wheeler HR, Howell VM. Glioblastoma Recurrence Correlates With Increased APE1 and Polarization Toward an Immuno-Suppressive Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2018; 8:314. [PMID: 30151353 PMCID: PMC6099184 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
While treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may prolong life for patients with glioblastoma, recurrence is inevitable. What is still being discovered is how much these treatments and recurrence of disease affect the molecular profiles of these tumors and how these tumors adapt to withstand these treatment pressures. Understanding such changes will uncover pathways used by the tumor to evade destruction and will elucidate new targets for treatment development. Nineteen matched pre-treatment and post-treatment glioblastoma tumors were subjected to gene expression profiling (Fluidigm, TaqMan assays), MGMT promoter methylation analysis (pyrosequencing) and protein expression analysis of the DNA repair pathways, known to be involved in temozolomide resistance (immunohistochemistry). Gene expression profiling to molecularly subtype tumors revealed that 26% of recurrent post-treatment specimens did not match their primary diagnostic specimen subtype. Post-treatment specimens had molecular changes which correlated with known resistance mechanisms including increased expression of APEX1 (p < 0.05) and altered MGMT methylation status. In addition, genes associated with immune suppression, invasion and aggression (GPNMB, CCL5, and KLRC1) and polarization toward an M2 phenotype (CD163 and MSR1) were up-regulated in post-treatment tumors, demonstrating an overall change in the tumor microenvironment favoring aggressive tumor growth and disease recurrence. This was confirmed by in vitro studies that determined that glioma cell migration was enhanced in the presence of M2 polarized macrophage conditioned media. Further, M2 macrophage-modulated migration was markedly enhanced in post-treatment (temozolomide resistant) glioma cells. These findings highlight the ability of glioblastomas to evade not only the toxic onslaught of therapy but also to evade the immune system suggesting that immune-altering therapies may be of value in treating this terrible disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Hudson
- The Brain Cancer Group, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole R. Parker
- The Brain Cancer Group, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Khong
- The Brain Cancer Group, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathon F. Parkinson
- The Brain Cancer Group, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Trisha Dwight
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Rowan J. Ikin
- The Brain Cancer Group, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Zhu
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Health, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen R. Wheeler
- The Brain Cancer Group, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Viive M. Howell
- The Brain Cancer Group, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Li Z, Li B, Peng D, Xing H, Wang G, Li P, Wang J, Ye G, Chen J. Expression and clinical significance of PD‑1 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues detected by a novel mouse anti-human PD‑1 monoclonal antibody. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:2079-2092. [PMID: 29620156 PMCID: PMC6929674 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and causes of death worldwide. Research investigating novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC is urgently required. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the programmed cell death‑1 (PD‑1/PDCD1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint have demonstrated substantial clinical benefit for a variety of solid tumors; however, these mAbs have not been well studied in HCC. In the present study, Sp2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells and spleen cells derived from BALB/c mice immunized with the recombinant human PD‑1/PDCD1 protein were fused for the production of novel antibodies. The 9E11 mAb, which exhibited the highest specificity for PD‑1 in HCC tissues in western blot and immunohistochemical staining analyses, was used to investigate the clinical significance of PD‑1 expression in HCC tissues from 77 cases, which were collected and examined histologically. Overexpression of PD‑1 was identified in peritumoral tissues, primarily in the liver portal region. Importantly, by analyzing the clinical data from 77 HCC patients, the expression of PD‑1 was observed to be significantly correlated with larger tumor size (>5 cm) and poorly differentiated tumors. In addition, PD‑1 expression was moderately correlated with venous thrombosis, but not correlated with patient sex or age, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) stage or tumor location. The results of the present study suggest that high-level PD‑1 expression may be an important factor associated with the immune checkpoint pathway in HCC. The results suggest that PD‑1 serves an important role in tumor immune evasion and may be a valuable immunodiagnostic marker. In addition, PD‑1 may serve as a therapeutic target for patients presenting with poorly differentiated HCC, thus indicating the potential application of a PD‑1 inhibitor for the treatment of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Guanying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jiming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - George Ye
- Yes Biotech Laboratories Ltd., Mississauga, ON L5S 1V6, Canada
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Péterle VB, Souza JDO, Busato FDO, Eutrópio FJ, da Costa GDAP, Olivieri DN, Tadokoro CE. Clinical and hematological data to group different chronic kidney disease patients: A practical approach to establish different groups of patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22377. [PMID: 29314251 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the convergent point of several pathological processes, and its evolution is insidious and characterized by a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. This impaired function induces the accumulation of uremic toxins and individuals with terminal CKD often have altered physiological responses, including a persistent state of immuno-suppression and development of diseases. A better characterization and stratification of these patients with CKD in different immuno-compromised groups would contribute to more effective and personalized treatments. The focus of this study was to use two parameters to stratify patients with CKD into four separate groups that are representative of different immunological status. METHODS Patients with CKD were chosen randomly and stratified into four separate groups according to the period of time receiving dialysis treatment and leukocyte blood counts. The amount of apoptotic CD4 T cells were measured in each group of patients, and clinical/hematological parameters were correlated by multivariate analysis with each group. RESULTS Observations reveal that one of the four groups of patients with CKD (group 3) had more apoptotic CD4 T cells than the other group; this group also had an increased malnutrition inflammation score (MIS), an elevated Kt/V, and a higher incidence of smoking. CONCLUSION A simple two-parameter-based stratification strategy could be used to design effective immunological therapies that differentiate the degrees of immuno-suppression across groups of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius B Péterle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de O Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gisele de A P da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - David N Olivieri
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informatica, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos E Tadokoro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunobiology, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
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11
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Ertl HCJ, High KA. Impact of AAV Capsid-Specific T-Cell Responses on Design and Outcome of Clinical Gene Transfer Trials with Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors: An Evolving Controversy. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 28:328-337. [PMID: 28042943 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adenovirus-associated (rAAV) vectors due to their ease of construction, wide tissue tropism, and lack of pathogenicity remain at the forefront for long-term gene replacement therapy. In spite of very encouraging preclinical results, clinical trials were initially unsuccessful; expression of the rAAV vector-delivered therapeutic protein was transient. Loss of expression was linked to an expansion of AAV capsid-specific T-cell responses, leading to the hypothesis that rAAV vectors recall pre-existing memory T cells that had been induced by natural infections with AAV together with a helper virus. Although this was hotly debated at first, AAV capsid-specific T-cell responses were observed in several gene transfer trials that used high doses of rAAV vectors. Subsequent trials designed to circumvent these T-cell responses through the use of immunosuppressive drugs, rAAV vectors based on rare serotypes, or modified to allow for therapeutic levels of the transgene product at low, non-immunogenic vector doses are now successful in correcting debilitating diseases.
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12
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Jewo P, Fadeyibi I. Progress in burns research: a review of advances in burn pathophysiology. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2015; 28:105-15. [PMID: 27252608 PMCID: PMC4837486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe burns trigger a wide range of responses in the victim. Initial vascular changes are followed by hypermetabolic, inflammatory and immunologic changes. The prolonged hypermetabolic response is associated with an elevated resting rate of energy consumption, tissue wasting and altered substrate kinetics. There is increased blood glucose though insulin levels are above normal. The cortisol level is raised and, together with catecholamine, drives the metabolic response. The immune system is typically weakened. There is elevation in blood levels of a wide range of cytokines from activated cells. These agents drive a prolonged inflammatory response which can lead to tissue damage and multiple organ failure. Dynamic fluid resuscitation regimens have cut down mortality from shock in the early post-burn period. However, unbalanced activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines can leave patients in an immuno-suppressed state that affects outcomes. So far, many treatments, such as propranolol, a cardio-protector, and anabolic agents, such as oxandrolone and growth hormone, have been tried with mixed results. This review focuses on research that elucidated burn pathophysiology. Some clinical areas in which treatment centred on correcting altered physiology were also included. We have highlighted both the challenges and significant findings. Finally, this paper draws attention to the gaps between progress in basic research and clinical application and suggests areas where further research and funding could be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.I. Jewo
- Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I.O. Fadeyibi
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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