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Csernalabics B, Marinescu MS, Maurer L, Kelsch L, Werner J, Baumann K, Zoldan K, Panning M, Reuken P, Bruns T, Bengsch B, Neumann-Haefelin C, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Dao Thi VL, Boettler T. Efficient formation and maintenance of humoral and CD4 T-cell immunity targeting the viral capsid in acute-resolving hepatitis E infection. J Hepatol 2024; 80:564-575. [PMID: 38154741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CD4 T cells shape the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response and facilitate viral clearance in various infections. Knowledge of their phenotype, specificity and dynamics in hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is limited. HEV is enterically transmitted as a naked virus (nHEV) but acquires a host-derived quasi-envelope (eHEV) when budding from cells. While nHEV is composed of the open reading frame (ORF)-2-derived capsid, eHEV particles also contain ORF3-derived proteins. We aimed to longitudinally characterize the HEV-specific CD4 T cells targeting ORF1, 2 and 3 and antibodies against nHEV or eHEV in immunocompetent individuals with acute and resolved HEV infection. METHODS HEV-specific CD4 T cells were analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining after stimulation with in silico-predicted ORF1- and ORF2-derived epitopes and overlapping peptides spanning the ORF3 region. Ex vivo multiparametric characterization of capsid-specific CD4 T cells was performed using customized MHC class II tetramers. Total and neutralizing antibodies targeting nHEV or eHEV particles were determined. RESULTS HEV-specific CD4 T-cell frequencies and antibody titers are highest in individuals with acute infection and decline in a time-dependent process with an antigen hierarchy. HEV-specific CD4 T cells strongly target the ORF2-derived capsid and ORF3-specific CD4 T cells are hardly detectable. NAbs targeting nHEV are found in high titers while eHEV particles are less efficiently neutralized. Capsid-specific CD4 T cells undergo memory formation and stepwise contraction, accompanied by dynamic phenotypical and transcriptional changes over time. CONCLUSION The viral capsid is the main target of HEV-specific CD4 T cells and antibodies in acute-resolving infection, correlating with efficient neutralization of nHEV. Capsid-specific immunity rapidly emerges followed by a stepwise contraction several years after infection. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS The interplay of CD4 T cells and neutralizing antibody responses is critical in the host defense against viral infections, yet little is known about their characteristics in hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. We conducted a longitudinal study of immunocompetent individuals with acute and resolved HEV infection to understand the characteristics of HEV-specific CD4 T cells and neutralizing antibodies targeting different viral proteins and particles. We found that HEV-specific CD4 T cells mainly target capsid-derived epitopes. This correlates with efficient neutralization of naked virions while quasi-enveloped particles are less susceptible to neutralization. As individuals with pre-existing liver disease and immunocompromised individuals are at risk for fulminant or chronic courses of HEV infection, these individuals might benefit from the development of vaccination strategies which require a detailed knowledge of the composition and longevity of HEV-specific CD4 T-cell and antibody immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Csernalabics
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mircea Stefan Marinescu
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Maurer
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Lara Kelsch
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jill Werner
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Baumann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viet Loan Dao Thi
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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Baudouin R, Hans S, Lisan Q, Morin B, Adimi Y, Martin J, Lechien JR, Tartour E, Badoual C. Prognostic Significance of the Microenvironment in Human Papillomavirus Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1507-1516. [PMID: 37642393 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immune microenvironment of HPV-associated (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) (HPV+OPSCCs) differs from that of HPV-independent oropharyngeal cancers (HPV-independent OPSCCs). The literature on the subject is very abundant, demanding an organized synthesis of this wealth of information to evaluate the hypothesis associating the favorable prognosis of HPV+OPSCC patients with a different immune microenvironment. A systematic review of the literature was conducted regarding the microenvironment of HPV+OPSCCs. DATA SOURCE MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. REVIEW METHODS A literature search was performed following PRISMA guidelines (Moher D. PLoS Med. 2009). The PEO (Population, Exposure, and Outcome) framework is detailed as follows: P: patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, E: human papillomavirus (HPV), and O: histological and immunological composition of the tumoral microenvironment (TME). No meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS From 1,202 studies that were screened, 58 studies were included (n = 6,474 patients; n = 3,581 (55%) HPV+OPSCCs and n = 2,861(45%) HPV-independent OPSCCs). The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), CD3+ in 1,733 patients, CD4+ in 520 patients, and CD8+ (cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)) in 3,104 patients, and high levels of PD-L1 expression in 1,222 patients is strongly correlated with an improved clinical outcome in HPV+OPSCCs. CONCLUSION This systematic review provides the most comprehensive information on the immune microenvironment of HPV+OPSCCs to date. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression are associated with a favorable prognosis. B, CD8+ and resident memory cells densities are higher in HPV+OPSCCs. The importance of myeloid lineages is still a matter of debate and research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:1507-1516, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baudouin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - S Hans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Q Lisan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - B Morin
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Y Adimi
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - J Martin
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - J R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - E Tartour
- Department of Biological Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - C Badoual
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
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Alshatti A, Webb C. Biologics versus functional endoscopic sinus surgery for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a literature review. J Laryngol Otol 2024; 138:361-366. [PMID: 37993118 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123002177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature comparing functional endoscopic sinus surgery to dupilumab for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, in terms of symptom control, cost-effectiveness and complications. METHOD A literature review was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane databases. Data were extracted manually. RESULTS A total of six papers relevant to the main objective were found. CONCLUSION Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Both functional endoscopic sinus surgery and dupilumab achieve comparable disease control and result in good symptom relief. Dupilumab is far more expensive than functional endoscopic sinus surgery and is not considered cost-effective for the time being. This is expected to change after 10 years when the drug patent expires. More research is needed to compare the complications of both treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Alshatti
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Webb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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4
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Geng S, Yu X, Yu S. Efficacy and safety of natural killer cells injection combined with XELOX chemotherapy in postoperative patients with stage III colorectal cancer in China: a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080377. [PMID: 38531576 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in China. However, resistance to multiple chemotherapeutics after surgery leads to failure of the main therapy to CRC. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that exhibit strong cytotoxic activity against tumour cells. NK cell-based therapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, has achieved favourable results and holds promise for addressing recurrence and metastasis in CRC patients after surgery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a prospective, randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of interleukin 2 activated NK cells injection combined with XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin)-based chemotherapy for postoperative CRC patients. Participants will be randomly divided into treatment group and control group, and every group includes 40 patients. The treatment group will also receive NK cells (5×109) with+XELOX-based chemotherapy, while the control group will receive only XELOX-based chemotherapy. This treatment will be repeated for eight cycles (6 months). The follow-up period lasts about 3 years, during which CEA, CA19-9, CA125, enhancement CT and colonoscopy will be conducted. The primary endpoints of this study are progression-free survival and overall survival, while the secondary endpoint is safety (number and severity of adverse events). Additionally, we aim to identify cancer stem cells in peripheral blood and predictive biomarkers (cytokines secreted by NK cells and activated markers of NK cells) that indicate patients who achieve an effective response. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of our hospital (approval number 2023LLSC006) and the Chinese Clinical Trials. It will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2300075861).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Dazu Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingrui Yu
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaohong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Dazu Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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5
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Neo S, Lunn MP, Bhatia KP. Infections and Stiff-Person Spectrum Disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024. [PMID: 38527994 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shermyn Neo
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael P Lunn
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Wu H, Wang X, Zheng H, Feng J, Wang J, Luo L, Xiao H, Qiao C, Li X, Zheng Y, Huang W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shi Y, Feng J, Chen G. A novel MARV glycoprotein-specific antibody with potentials of broad-spectrum neutralization to filovirus. eLife 2024; 12:RP91181. [PMID: 38526940 PMCID: PMC10963030 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) is one of the filovirus species that cause deadly hemorrhagic fever in humans, with mortality rates up to 90%. Neutralizing antibodies represent ideal candidates to prevent or treat virus disease. However, no antibody has been approved for MARV treatment to date. In this study, we identified a novel human antibody named AF-03 that targeted MARV glycoprotein (GP). AF-03 possessed a high binding affinity to MARV GP and showed neutralizing and protective activities against the pseudotyped MARV in vitro and in vivo. Epitope identification, including molecular docking and experiment-based analysis of mutated species, revealed that AF-03 recognized the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) binding domain within GP1. Interestingly, we found the neutralizing activity of AF-03 to pseudotyped Ebola viruses (EBOV, SUDV, and BDBV) harboring cleaved GP instead of full-length GP. Furthermore, NPC2-fused AF-03 exhibited neutralizing activity to several filovirus species and EBOV mutants via binding to CI-MPR. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that AF-03 represents a promising therapeutic cargo for filovirus-caused disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Haiyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Xinwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Hang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Junjuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - He Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Xinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Jiannan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Guojiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
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Kayvanjoo AH, Splichalova I, Bejarano DA, Huang H, Mauel K, Makdissi N, Heider D, Tew HM, Balzer NR, Greto E, Osei-Sarpong C, Baßler K, Schultze JL, Uderhardt S, Kiermaier E, Beyer M, Schlitzer A, Mass E. Fetal liver macrophages contribute to the hematopoietic stem cell niche by controlling granulopoiesis. eLife 2024; 13:e86493. [PMID: 38526524 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the fetal liver becomes the main hematopoietic organ, where stem and progenitor cells as well as immature and mature immune cells form an intricate cellular network. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a specialized niche, which is essential for their proliferation and differentiation. However, the cellular and molecular determinants contributing to this fetal HSC niche remain largely unknown. Macrophages are the first differentiated hematopoietic cells found in the developing liver, where they are important for fetal erythropoiesis by promoting erythrocyte maturation and phagocytosing expelled nuclei. Yet, whether macrophages play a role in fetal hematopoiesis beyond serving as a niche for maturing erythroblasts remains elusive. Here, we investigate the heterogeneity of macrophage populations in the murine fetal liver to define their specific roles during hematopoiesis. Using a single-cell omics approach combined with spatial proteomics and genetic fate-mapping models, we found that fetal liver macrophages cluster into distinct yolk sac-derived subpopulations and that long-term HSCs are interacting preferentially with one of the macrophage subpopulations. Fetal livers lacking macrophages show a delay in erythropoiesis and have an increased number of granulocytes, which can be attributed to transcriptional reprogramming and altered differentiation potential of long-term HSCs. Together, our data provide a detailed map of fetal liver macrophage subpopulations and implicate macrophages as part of the fetal HSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Hao Huang
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Mauel
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikola Makdissi
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David Heider
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hui Ming Tew
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nora Reka Balzer
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eric Greto
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Collins Osei-Sarpong
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Baßler
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Questa M, Weimer BC, Fiehn O, Chow B, Hill SL, Ackermann MR, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Marsilio S. Unbiased serum metabolomic analysis in cats with naturally occurring chronic enteropathies before and after medical intervention. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6939. [PMID: 38521833 PMCID: PMC10960826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic enteropathies (CE) are common disorders in cats and the differentiation between the two main underlying diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL), can be challenging. Characterization of the serum metabolome could provide further information on alterations of disease-associated metabolic pathways and may identify diagnostic or therapeutic targets. Unbiased metabolomics analysis of serum from 28 cats with CE (14 cats with IBD, 14 cats with LGITL) and 14 healthy controls identified 1,007 named metabolites, of which 129 were significantly different in cats with CE compared to healthy controls at baseline. Random Forest analysis revealed a predictive accuracy of 90% for differentiating controls from cats with chronic enteropathy. Metabolic pathways found to be significantly altered included phospholipids, amino acids, thiamine, and tryptophan metabolism. Several metabolites were found to be significantly different between cats with IBD versus LGITL, including several sphingolipids, phosphatidylcholine 40:7, uridine, pinitol, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and glucuronic acid. However, random forest analysis revealed a poor group predictive accuracy of 60% for the differentiation of IBD from LGITL. Of 129 compounds found to be significantly different between healthy cats and cats with CE at baseline, 58 remained different following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Questa
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Betty Chow
- VCA Animal Specialty & Emergency Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve L Hill
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Ackermann
- US Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sina Marsilio
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Sadek ASM, Farghaly DS, Kadada H, Mashaal A. Immunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivo. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6972. [PMID: 38521853 PMCID: PMC10960805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared effects of diminazene aceturate (berenil), commonly used to treat domestic animals infected with Trypanosoma evansi, with the hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyostoma larva. The hemolymph may be acting as a possible natural alternative to berenil, based on immunomodulation mediated inflammatory response. Inflammatory mediators and histopathological changes in liver, kidney, and spleen of albino mice experimentally infected with T. evansi were studied. Mice were divided into five groups: G1, uninfected, untreated (negative control); G2, T. evansi infected (positive control); G3, infected and treated with berenil; G4, infected and treated with hemolymph; G5, infected and treated with hemolymph 3 days before infection (prophylactic group). Animals in (G4) and (G5) exhibited a significant overall reduction in serum levels of IFN-γ. However, the reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 levels was more limited compared to (G2) and (G3). Notably, an elevation in IL-10 levels was observed compared to animals in other groups. Furthermore, the groups treated with hemolymph demonstrated an alleviation of T. evansi infection in contrast to the other groups. This study highlights that the administration of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph at a dosage of 0.5 ml/kg significantly inhibited T. evansi organisms in vivo, showcasing a pronounced trypanocidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Shaimaa M Sadek
- Parasitology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Doaa S Farghaly
- Medical Entomology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Kadada
- Taxonomy, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alya Mashaal
- Immunology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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11
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Seedhom MO, Dersh D, Holly J, Pavon-Eternod M, Wei J, Angel M, Shores L, David A, Santos J, Hickman H, Yewdell JW. Paradoxical imbalance between activated lymphocyte protein synthesis capacity and rapid division rate. eLife 2024; 12:RP89015. [PMID: 38512721 PMCID: PMC10957176 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid lymphocyte cell division places enormous demands on the protein synthesis machinery. Flow cytometric measurement of puromycylated ribosome-associated nascent chains after treating cells or mice with translation initiation inhibitors reveals that ribosomes in resting lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo elongate at typical rates for mammalian cells. Intriguingly, elongation rates can be increased up to 30% by activation in vivo or fever temperature in vitro. Resting and activated lymphocytes possess abundant monosome populations, most of which actively translate in vivo, while in vitro, nearly all can be stalled prior to activation. Quantitating lymphocyte protein mass and ribosome count reveals a paradoxically high ratio of cellular protein to ribosomes insufficient to support their rapid in vivo division, suggesting that the activated lymphocyte proteome in vivo may be generated in an unusual manner. Our findings demonstrate the importance of a global understanding of protein synthesis in lymphocytes and other rapidly dividing immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina O Seedhom
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Devin Dersh
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jaroslav Holly
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | | | - Jiajie Wei
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Matthew Angel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Lucas Shores
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Alexandre David
- CNRS UMR-5203; INSERM U661; UM1; UM2, Institut de Génomique FonctionnelleMontpellierFrance
| | - Jefferson Santos
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Heather Hickman
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
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12
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Yin XT, Hartman A, Sirajuddin N, Shukla D, Leger AS, Keadle TL, Stuart PM. UVB induced reactivation leads to HSV1 in the corneas of virtually all latently infected mice and requires STING to develop corneal disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6859. [PMID: 38514671 PMCID: PMC10957950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of latent herpes simplex type 1 results in virus returning to the cornea leading to recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis (rHSK). We compare two competing models to reactivate viruses from latency, UV-B irradiation and cyclophosphamide (CP). Results revealed that while both result in corneal recrudescence, only UV-B irradiation results in rHSK. To better understand the dynamics of reactivation, we analyzed corneas for both the presence of infectious viruses and the dynamics of exposure to multiple reactivations using UV-B. We noted that multiple reactivations result in progressively worse corneal disease. We also noted that expression of IFNα and STING, surragate markers for the presence of virus, are induced by the presence of reactivated virus. Studies to determine the importance of STING to the development of HSK revealed that in the absence of STING, mice do not develop significant HSK and the magnitude of the infiltrate of CD45+ cells in these corneas is significantly reduced. The resulting paucity of CD45+CD11b+GR-1+F4/80-neutrophils, and to a lesser extent CD45+CD11b+GR-1-F4/80+ macrophages in B6-STING KO mice following reactivation is likely the underlying cause for lack of rHSK as has been noted by ourselves and others. These results underscore the critical importance of STING's role in developing rHSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexis Hartman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nadia Sirajuddin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony St Leger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tammie L Keadle
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick M Stuart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Washington University, 7569 Amherst Avenue, University City, MO, 63130-2805, USA.
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13
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Ballas ZK. The 2024 AAAAI Foundation Faculty Development awardees. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00292-6. [PMID: 38518976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
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14
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Park C, Hwang IY, Yan SLS, Vimonpatranon S, Wei D, Van Ryk D, Girard A, Cicala C, Arthos J, Kehrl JH. Murine alveolar macrophages rapidly accumulate intranasally administered SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein leading to neutrophil recruitment and damage. eLife 2024; 12:RP86764. [PMID: 38507462 PMCID: PMC10954308 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein mediates viral attachment facilitating cell entry. Most COVID-19 vaccines direct mammalian cells to express the Spike protein or deliver it directly via inoculation to engender a protective immune response. The trafficking and cellular tropism of the Spike protein in vivo and its impact on immune cells remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we inoculated mice intranasally, intravenously, and subcutaneously with fluorescently labeled recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Using flow cytometry and imaging techniques, we analyzed its localization, immune cell tropism, and acute functional impact. Intranasal administration led to rapid lung alveolar macrophage uptake, pulmonary vascular leakage, and neutrophil recruitment and damage. When injected near the inguinal lymph node medullary, but not subcapsular macrophages, captured the protein, while scrotal injection recruited and fragmented neutrophils. Widespread endothelial and liver Kupffer cell uptake followed intravenous administration. Human peripheral blood cells B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells all efficiently bound Spike protein. Exposure to the Spike protein enhanced neutrophil NETosis and augmented human macrophage TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 production. Human and murine immune cells employed C-type lectin receptors and Siglecs to help capture the Spike protein. This study highlights the potential toxicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for mammalian cells and illustrates the central role for alveolar macrophage in pathogenic protein uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Park
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Il-Young Hwang
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Serena Li-Sue Yan
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sinmanus Vimonpatranon
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences – United States ComponentBangkokThailand
| | - Danlan Wei
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Don Van Ryk
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Alexandre Girard
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - James Arthos
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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15
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Ozsahin DU, Ameen ZS, Hassan AS, Mubarak AS. Enhancing explainable SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development leveraging bee colony optimised Bi-LSTM, Bi-GRU models and bioinformatic analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6737. [PMID: 38509174 PMCID: PMC10954760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus that caused the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 outbreak has led to millions of deaths and economic losses globally. Vaccination is the most practical solution, but finding epitopes (antigenic peptide regions) in the SARS-CoV-2 proteome is challenging, costly, and time-consuming. Here, we proposed a deep learning method based on standalone Recurrent Neural networks to predict epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 proteins easily. We optimised the standalone Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) with a bioinspired optimisation algorithm, namely, Bee Colony Optimization (BCO). The study shows that LSTM-based models, particularly BCO-Bi-LSTM, outperform all other models and achieve an accuracy of 0.92 and AUC of 0.944. To overcome the challenge of understanding the model predictions, explainable AI using the Shapely Additive Explanations (SHAP) method was employed to explain how Blackbox models make decisions. Finally, the predicted epitopes led to the development of a multi-epitope vaccine. The multi-epitope vaccine effectiveness evaluation is based on vaccine toxicity, allergic response risk, and antigenic and biochemical characteristics using bioinformatic tools. The developed multi-epitope vaccine is non-toxic and highly antigenic. Codon adaptation, cloning, gel electrophoresis assess genomic sequence, protein composition, expression and purification while docking and IMMSIM servers simulate interactions and immunological response, respectively. These investigations provide a conceptual framework for developing a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey
| | - Zubaida Said Ameen
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abdurrahman Shuaibu Hassan
- Department of Electrical Electronics and Automation Systems Engineering, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Auwalu Saleh Mubarak
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
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16
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Strausz S, Abner E, Blacker G, Galloway S, Hansen P, Feng Q, Lee BT, Jones SE, Haapaniemi H, Raak S, Nahass GR, Sanders E, Soodla P, Võsa U, Esko T, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Weissman IL, Daly M, Aivelo T, Tal MC, Ollila HM. SCGB1D2 inhibits growth of Borrelia burgdorferi and affects susceptibility to Lyme disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2041. [PMID: 38503741 PMCID: PMC10950847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia. The host factors that modulate susceptibility for Lyme disease have remained mostly unknown. Using epidemiological and genetic data from FinnGen and Estonian Biobank, we identify two previously known variants and an unknown common missense variant at the gene encoding for Secretoglobin family 1D member 2 (SCGB1D2) protein that increases the susceptibility for Lyme disease. Using live Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) we find that recombinant reference SCGB1D2 protein inhibits the growth of Bb in vitro more efficiently than the recombinant protein with SCGB1D2 P53L deleterious missense variant. Finally, using an in vivo murine infection model we show that recombinant SCGB1D2 prevents infection by Borrelia in vivo. Together, these data suggest that SCGB1D2 is a host defense factor present in the skin, sweat, and other secretions which protects against Bb infection and opens an exciting therapeutic avenue for Lyme disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Strausz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik Abner
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Grace Blacker
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Galloway
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paige Hansen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qingying Feng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brandon T Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hele Haapaniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sten Raak
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - George Ronald Nahass
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin Sanders
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pilleriin Soodla
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Herbold Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Aivelo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michal Caspi Tal
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, USA.
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Bartnik K, Żyłkowski J, Giziński J, Krysiak R, Wilkowojska U, Strzemecki D, Rygiel TP, Kunert P, Januszewicz M. Immunological alterations in intracranial aneurysm: a prospective study on selected biomarker profiles in blood collected during endovascular neurointervention. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2024:VM/OJS/J/98061. [PMID: 38501555 DOI: 10.5603/pjnns.98061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies showed that the concentrations of selected chemokines are locally elevated in samples collected from the lumen of intracranial aneurysms (IA). Our objective was to determine whether the observed differences in analyte concentrations were influenced by the origin of the blood samples (i.e. cerebral versus peripheral), thus providing insight into the localised nature of these alterations and their significance in IA pathogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective study included 24 patients with IA who underwent endovascular embolisation. Concentrations of selected analytes were analysed in blood samples from the IA lumen, feeding artery, and aorta. The analytes included MPO, Lipocalin-2/NGAL, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and serum amyloid A. RESULTS Higher median plasma concentrations of MPO, lipocalin-2/NGAL, sVCAM-1, and SAA were found in samples obtained from the IA lumen and the feeding artery compared to the aorta. The concentration of sICAM-1 was significantly higher in the IA compared to the aorta, but did not differ between the proximal artery and the aorta. No significant differences in any analyte concentration were observed between the IA and the proximal artery. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the IA and the proximal vessel share similarities in the local immunological environment, which is different from that observed in the aorta. Further studies are needed to fully understand and elucidate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartnik
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Żyłkowski
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Giziński
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Krysiak
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wilkowojska
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Strzemecki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Rygiel
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kunert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Wu G, Deng W, Chen HY, Cho HJ, Kim J. Galectin 7 leads to a relative reduction in CD4+ T cells, mediated by PD-1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6625. [PMID: 38503797 PMCID: PMC10951237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of glycan-binding proteins as an activator of immune regulatory receptors has gained attention recently. We report that galectin 7 reduced CD4+ T cell percentage in both in vitro culture and mouse tumor models. Immunohistochemical staining of esophageal cancer patient samples showed a lower percentage of CD4+ cells in the galectin 7 high area. The lack of CD4+ T cell depletion by galectin 7 in PD-1 knockout mice supports the role of PD-1 in mediating the effects of galectin 7. The binding assays demonstrate that galectin 7 binds to the N-glycosylation of PD-1 on N74 and N116 sites and leads to the recruitment of SHP-2. NFAT suppressive activity of galectin 7 was abrogated upon overexpression of the dominant negative SHP-2 mutant or inhibition of PD-1 by siRNA. Glycosylation of PD-1 has been reported to play a critical role in surface expression, stability, and interaction with its ligand PD-L1. This report further expands the significance of PD-1 glycosylation and suggests that galectin 7, a glycan-binding protein, interacts with the immune regulatory receptor PD-1 through glycosylation recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA
| | - Hye-Jeong Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA.
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19
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Hu C, Zhang N, Hong Y, Tie R, Fan D, Lin A, Chen Y, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the hidden powers of zebrafish kidney for generating both hematopoiesis and adaptive antiviral immunity. eLife 2024; 13:RP92424. [PMID: 38497789 PMCID: PMC10948150 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate kidneys play two evolutionary conserved roles in waste excretion and osmoregulation. Besides, the kidney of fish is considered as a functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow that serves as a hematopoietic hub for generating blood cell lineages and immunological responses. However, knowledge about the properties of kidney hematopoietic cells, and the functionality of the kidney in fish immune systems remains to be elucidated. To this end, our present study generated a comprehensive atlas with 59 hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and immune-cells types from zebrafish kidneys via single-cell transcriptome profiling analysis. These populations included almost all known cells associated with innate and adaptive immunity, and displayed differential responses to viral infection, indicating their diverse functional roles in antiviral immunity. Remarkably, HSPCs were found to have extensive reactivities to viral infection, and the trained immunity can be effectively induced in certain HSPCs. In addition, the antigen-stimulated adaptive immunity can be fully generated in the kidney, suggesting the kidney acts as a secondary lymphoid organ. These results indicated that the fish kidney is a dual-functional entity with functionalities of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Our findings illustrated the unique features of fish immune systems, and highlighted the multifaced biology of kidneys in ancient vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbin Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yun Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Dongdong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Disease, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Li-xin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jian-zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
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20
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Pulfer A, Pizzagalli DU, Gagliardi PA, Hinderling L, Lopez P, Zayats R, Carrillo-Barberà P, Antonello P, Palomino-Segura M, Grädel B, Nicolai M, Giusti A, Thelen M, Gambardella LM, Murooka TT, Pertz O, Krause R, Gonzalez SF. Transformer-based spatial-temporal detection of apoptotic cell death in live-cell imaging. eLife 2024; 12:RP90502. [PMID: 38497754 PMCID: PMC10948145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has revolutionized live-cell imaging by allowing the study of spatial-temporal cell dynamics in living animals. However, the complexity of the data generated by this technology has limited the development of effective computational tools to identify and quantify cell processes. Amongst them, apoptosis is a crucial form of regulated cell death involved in tissue homeostasis and host defense. Live-cell imaging enabled the study of apoptosis at the cellular level, enhancing our understanding of its spatial-temporal regulation. However, at present, no computational method can deliver robust detection of apoptosis in microscopy timelapses. To overcome this limitation, we developed ADeS, a deep learning-based apoptosis detection system that employs the principle of activity recognition. We trained ADeS on extensive datasets containing more than 10,000 apoptotic instances collected both in vitro and in vivo, achieving a classification accuracy above 98% and outperforming state-of-the-art solutions. ADeS is the first method capable of detecting the location and duration of multiple apoptotic events in full microscopy timelapses, surpassing human performance in the same task. We demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of ADeS across various imaging modalities, cell types, and staining techniques. Finally, we employed ADeS to quantify cell survival in vitro and tissue damage in mice, demonstrating its potential application in toxicity assays, treatment evaluation, and inflammatory dynamics. Our findings suggest that ADeS is a valuable tool for the accurate detection and quantification of apoptosis in live-cell imaging and, in particular, intravital microscopy data, providing insights into the complex spatial-temporal regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Pulfer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Euler Institute, USILuganoSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Pau Carrillo-Barberà
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Paola Antonello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Grädel
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Giusti
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, IDSIALuganoSwitzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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21
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Kirouac DC, Zmurchok C, Morris D. Making drugs from T cells: The quantitative pharmacology of engineered T cell therapeutics. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:31. [PMID: 38499572 PMCID: PMC10948391 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineered T cells have emerged as highly effective treatments for hematological cancers. Hundreds of clinical programs are underway in efforts to expand the efficacy, safety, and applications of this immuno-therapeutic modality. A primary challenge in developing these "living drugs" is the complexity of their pharmacology, as the drug product proliferates, differentiates, traffics between tissues, and evolves through interactions with patient immune systems. Using publicly available clinical data from Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, we demonstrate how mathematical models can be used to quantify the relationships between product characteristics, patient physiology, pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. As scientists work to develop next-generation cell therapy products, mathematical models will be integral for contextualizing data and facilitating the translation of product designs to clinical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Kirouac
- Notch Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- The University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Metrum Research Group, Tariffville, CT, USA.
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22
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Damani-Yokota P, Eberl M. The γδ T Cell Club: bringing a global scientific community together in the age of Zoom. Immunol Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 38500262 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Immunologists are very social people-they love to meet other immunologists and talk about immunology (and immunologists). Constantly! γδ T-cell researchers are no exception. On the contrary, as there are not so many of them compared to, say, researchers working on dendritic cells, they especially crave frequent interactions with like-minded scientists. This is where the technological solutions being developed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic come into play that have, almost overnight, allowed researchers to hold meetings and lectures online. We here describe how we set up the virtual 'γδ T Cell Club', a monthly webinar series that aims to bring the field closer together, and present our musings about what we have learned from this experience, which we hope is useful for other researchers interested in connecting online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Damani-Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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23
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Abd Elhamed MM, Wali Y, Youssry I. ZAP-70 mutation: a case with familial autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and immune deficiency. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258835. [PMID: 38499350 PMCID: PMC10952878 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Zeta-chain associated protein kinase 70 kDa (ZAP-70) deficiency is one of the rare immunodeficiency disorders due to autosomal recessive homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the ZAP-70 GENE In the literature, patients with ZAP-70 deficiency have been reported with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations including recurrent respiratory infections (81.8%), cutaneous involvement (57.9%), lymphoproliferation (32.4%), autoimmunity (19.4%), enteropathy (18.4%) and increased risk of malignancies (8.1%). The most common immunological phenotype in those patients was low CD8+ T cell counts (97.9%) and normal non-functioning CD4+ T cell. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation was applied as a curative treatment for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Abd Elhamed
- Pediatrics, Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser Wali
- Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ilham Youssry
- Pediatrics, Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Ingelfinger F, Kuiper KL, Ulutekin C, Rindlisbacher L, Mundt S, Gerdes LA, Smolders J, van Luijn MM, Becher B. Twin study dissects CXCR3 + memory B cells as non-heritable feature in multiple sclerosis. Med 2024:S2666-6340(24)00085-0. [PMID: 38531361 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS), B cells are considered main triggers of the disease, likely as the result of complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Studies on monozygotic twins discordant for MS offer a unique way to reduce this complexity and reveal discrepant subsets. METHODS In this study, we analyzed B cell subsets in blood samples of monozygotic twins with and without MS using publicly available data. We verified functional characteristics by exploring the role of therapy and performed separate analyses in unrelated individuals. FINDINGS The frequencies of CXCR3+ memory B cells were reduced in the blood of genetically identical twins with MS compared to their unaffected twin siblings. Natalizumab (anti-VLA-4 antibody) was the only treatment regimen under which these frequencies were reversed. The CNS-homing features of CXCR3+ memory B cells were supported by elevated CXCL10 levels in MS cerebrospinal fluid and their in vitro propensity to develop into antibody-secreting cells. CONCLUSIONS Circulating CXCR3+ memory B cells are affected by non-heritable cues in people who develop MS. This underlines the requirement of environmental risk factors such as Epstein-Barr virus in triggering these B cells. We propose that after CXCL10-mediated entry into the CNS, CXCR3+ memory B cells mature into antibody-secreting cells to drive MS. FUNDING This work was supported by Nationaal MS Fonds (OZ2021-016), Stichting MS Research (19-1057 MS, 20-490f MS, and 21-1142 MS), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant agreement no. 882424, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (733 310030_170320, 310030_188450, and CRSII5_183478).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten L Kuiper
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Can Ulutekin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Rindlisbacher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Billman ZP, Kovacs SB, Wei B, Kang K, Cissé OH, Miao EA. Caspase-1 activates gasdermin A in non-mammals. eLife 2024; 12:RP92362. [PMID: 38497531 PMCID: PMC10948149 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins oligomerize to form pores in the cell membrane, causing regulated lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Mammals encode five gasdermins that can trigger pyroptosis: GSDMA, B, C, D, and E. Caspase and granzyme proteases cleave the linker regions of and activate GSDMB, C, D, and E, but no endogenous activation pathways are yet known for GSDMA. Here, we perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the gasdermin family. A gene duplication of GSDMA in the common ancestor of caecilian amphibians, reptiles, and birds gave rise to GSDMA-D in mammals. Uniquely in our tree, amphibian, reptile, and bird GSDMA group in a separate clade than mammal GSDMA. Remarkably, GSDMA in numerous bird species contain caspase-1 cleavage sites like YVAD or FASD in the linker. We show that GSDMA from birds, amphibians, and reptiles are all cleaved by caspase-1. Thus, GSDMA was originally cleaved by the host-encoded protease caspase-1. In mammals the caspase-1 cleavage site in GSDMA is disrupted; instead, a new protein, GSDMD, is the target of caspase-1. Mammal caspase-1 uses exosite interactions with the GSDMD C-terminal domain to confer the specificity of this interaction, whereas we show that bird caspase-1 uses a stereotypical tetrapeptide sequence to confer specificity for bird GSDMA. Our results reveal an evolutionarily stable association between caspase-1 and the gasdermin family, albeit a shifting one. Caspase-1 repeatedly changes its target gasdermin over evolutionary time at speciation junctures, initially cleaving GSDME in fish, then GSDMA in amphibians/reptiles/birds, and finally GSDMD in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Paul Billman
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Stephen Bela Kovacs
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Kidong Kang
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Ousmane H Cissé
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical CenterBethesdaUnited States
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
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26
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Wang K, Yan T, Guo D, Sun S, Liu Y, Liu Q, Wang G, Chen J, Du J. Identification of key immune cells infiltrated in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment and their related long noncoding RNA. iScience 2024; 27:109220. [PMID: 38433921 PMCID: PMC10907860 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
LncRNA associated with immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME) may be a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma. We established a machine learning (ML) model based on 3896 samples characterized by the degree of immune cell infiltration, and further screened the key lncRNA. In vitro experiments were applied to validate the prediction. Treg is the key immune cell in the TME of lung adenocarcinoma, and the degree of infiltration is negatively correlated with the prognosis. PCBP1-AS1 may affect the infiltration of Tregs by regulating the TGF-β pathway, which is a potential predictor of clinical response to immunotherapy. PCBP1-AS1 regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, migration, and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. The results of clinical sample staining and in vitro experiments showed that PCBP1-AS1 was negatively correlated with Treg infiltration and TGF-β expression. Tregs and related lncRNA PCBP1-AS1 can be used as targets for the diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Healthcare Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Lung Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Deyu Guo
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shijie Sun
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Lung Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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27
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Xu H, Yuan Z, Qin K, Jiang S, Sun L. The molecular mechanism and evolutionary divergence of caspase 3/7-regulated gasdermin E activation. eLife 2024; 12:RP89974. [PMID: 38489483 PMCID: PMC10942788 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Caspase (CASP) is a family of proteases involved in cleavage and activation of gasdermin, the executor of pyroptosis. In humans, CASP3 and CASP7 recognize the same consensus motif DxxD, which is present in gasdermin E (GSDME). However, human GSDME is cleaved by CASP3 but not by CASP7. The underlying mechanism of this observation is unclear. In this study, we identified a pyroptotic pufferfish GSDME that was cleaved by both pufferfish CASP3/7 and human CASP3/7. Domain swapping between pufferfish and human CASP and GSDME showed that the GSDME C-terminus and the CASP7 p10 subunit determined the cleavability of GSDME by CASP7. p10 contains a key residue that governs CASP7 substrate discrimination. This key residue is highly conserved in vertebrate CASP3 and in most vertebrate (except mammalian) CASP7. In mammals, the key residue is conserved in non-primates (e.g., mouse) but not in primates. However, mouse CASP7 cleaved human GSDME but not mouse GSDME. These findings revealed the molecular mechanism of CASP7 substrate discrimination and the divergence of CASP3/7-mediated GSDME activation in vertebrate. These results also suggested that mutation-mediated functional alteration of CASP probably enabled the divergence and specialization of different CASP members in the regulation of complex cellular activities in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Zihao Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
| | - Kunpeng Qin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Shuai Jiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoChina
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
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28
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Geanes ES, McLennan R, LeMaster C, Bradley T. Autoantibodies to ACE2 and immune molecules are associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Commun Med (Lond) 2024; 4:47. [PMID: 38491326 PMCID: PMC10943194 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and long-term disease manifestations. The mechanisms of this variable long-term immune activation are poorly defined. One feature of this increased inflammation is elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Autoantibodies targeting immune factors such as cytokines, as well as the viral host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), have been observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Autoantibodies to immune factors and ACE2 could interfere with normal immune regulation and lead to increased inflammation, severe COVID-19, and long-term complications. METHODS Here, we deeply profiled the features of ACE2, cytokine, and chemokine autoantibodies in samples from patients recovering from severe COVID-19. We measured the levels of immunoglobulin subclasses (IgG, IgA, IgM) in the peripheral blood against ACE2 and 23 cytokines and other immune molecules. We then utilized an ACE2 peptide microarray to map the linear epitopes targeted by ACE2 autoantibodies. RESULTS We demonstrate that ACE2 autoantibody levels are increased in individuals with severe COVID-19 compared with those with mild infection or no prior infection. We identify epitopes near the catalytic domain of ACE2 targeted by these antibodies. Levels of autoantibodies targeting ACE2 and other immune factors could serve as determinants of COVID-19 disease severity, and represent a natural immunoregulatory mechanism in response to viral infection. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can increase autoantibody levels to ACE2 and other immune factors. The levels of these autoantibodies are associated with COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Geanes
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca McLennan
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Cas LeMaster
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Todd Bradley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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29
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Duchez AC, Heestermans M, Arthaud CA, Eyraud MA, Portier M, Prier A, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Cognasse F. In platelet single donor apheresis, platelet factor 4 levels correlated with donor's age and decreased during storage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6231. [PMID: 38485973 PMCID: PMC10940288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The human population is ageing worldwide. The World Health Organization estimated that the world's population of people aged 60 years and older will increase to at least 30%, coinciding with a growing frequency of cognitive and cardiovascular disease. Recently, in preclinical studies platelet Factor 4 (PF4) was presented as a pro-cognitive factor. This molecule is released by platelets in the circulation and could be present in blood products destined for transfusion. We wondered if PF4 levels are correlated to the age of the blood donor or to the storage time of platelet concentrates (PCs) intended for transfusion? We observed higher levels of PF4 in PCs from elderly donors compared to younger donors, while PC storage time did not determine PF4 levels expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Claire Duchez
- INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Establissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and INSERM U1059, 25 Boulevard Pasteur, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marco Heestermans
- INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Establissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and INSERM U1059, 25 Boulevard Pasteur, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Charles-Antoine Arthaud
- INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Establissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and INSERM U1059, 25 Boulevard Pasteur, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marie-Ange Eyraud
- INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Establissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and INSERM U1059, 25 Boulevard Pasteur, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Mailys Portier
- INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Establissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and INSERM U1059, 25 Boulevard Pasteur, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amélie Prier
- INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Establissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and INSERM U1059, 25 Boulevard Pasteur, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
- Establissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and INSERM U1059, 25 Boulevard Pasteur, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France.
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30
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Xiong L, Zhevlakova I, West XZ, Gao D, Murtazina R, Horak A, Brown JM, Molokotina I, Podrez EA, Byzova TV. TLR2 regulates hair follicle cycle and regeneration via BMP signaling. eLife 2024; 12:RP89335. [PMID: 38483447 PMCID: PMC10939499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hair loss remains enigmatic, and current remedies remain inadequate. Transcriptome analysis of aging hair follicles uncovered changes in immune pathways, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our findings demonstrate that the maintenance of hair follicle homeostasis and the regeneration capacity after damage depend on TLR2 in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). In healthy hair follicles, TLR2 is expressed in a cycle-dependent manner and governs HFSCs activation by countering inhibitory BMP signaling. Hair follicles in aging and obesity exhibit a decrease in both TLR2 and its endogenous ligand carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), a metabolite of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Administration of CEP stimulates hair regeneration through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. These results establish a novel connection between TLR2-mediated innate immunity and HFSC activation, which is pivotal to hair follicle health and the prevention of hair loss and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Irina Zhevlakova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Xiaoxia Z West
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Detao Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Rakhilya Murtazina
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Anthony Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Iuliia Molokotina
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
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31
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Perera DJ, Koger-Pease C, Paulini K, Daoudi M, Ndao M. Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0009823. [PMID: 38319102 PMCID: PMC10938899 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00098-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth Schistosoma spp. and has the second highest global impact of all parasites. Schistosoma are transmitted through contact with contaminated fresh water predominantly in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Due to the widespread prevalence of Schistosoma, co-infection with other infectious agents is common but often poorly described. Herein, we review recent literature describing the impact of Schistosoma co-infection between species and Schistosoma co-infection with blood-borne protozoa, soil-transmitted helminths, various intestinal protozoa, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, various urinary tract infection-causing agents, and viral pathogens. In each case, disease severity and, of particular interest, the immune landscape, are altered as a consequence of co-infection. Understanding the impact of schistosomiasis co-infections will be important when considering treatment strategies and vaccine development moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilhan J. Perera
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cal Koger-Pease
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kayla Paulini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Momar Ndao
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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32
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Qu C, Cui H, Xiao S, Dong L, Lu Q, Zhang L, Wang P, Xin M, Zhi H, Liu C, Ning S, Gao Y. The landscape of immune checkpoint-related long non-coding RNAs core regulatory circuitry reveals implications for immunoregulation and immunotherapy responses. Commun Biol 2024; 7:327. [PMID: 38485995 PMCID: PMC10940638 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could modulate expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs) by cooperating with immunity genes in tumor immunization. However, precise functions in immunity and potential for predicting ICP inhibitors (ICI) response have been described for only a few lncRNAs. Here we present an integrated framework that leverages network-based analyses and Bayesian network inference to identify the regulated relationships including lncRNA, ICP and immunity genes as ICP-related LncRNAs mediated Core Regulatory Circuitry Triplets (ICP-LncCRCTs) that can make robust predictions. Hub ICP-related lncRNAs such as MIR155HG and ADAMTS9-AS2 were highlighted to play central roles in immune regulation. Specific ICP-related lncRNAs could distinguish cancer subtypes. Moreover, the ICP-related lncRNAs are likely to significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, MHC, CYT. Some ICP-LncCRCTs such as CXCL10-MIR155HG-ICOS could better predict one-, three- and five-year prognosis compared to single molecule in melanoma. We also validated that some ICP-LncCRCTs could effectively predict ICI-response using three kinds of machine learning algorithms follow five independent datasets. Specially, combining ICP-LncCRCTs with the tumor mutation burden (TMB) improves the prediction of ICI-treated melanoma patients. Altogether, this study will improve our grasp of lncRNA functions and accelerating discovery of lncRNA-based biomarkers in ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfan Qu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hao Cui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Longlong Dong
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qianyi Lu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mengyu Xin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chenyu Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shangwei Ning
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Pille M, Avila JM, Park SH, Le CQ, Xue H, Haerynck F, Saxena L, Lee C, Shpall EJ, Bao G, Vandekerckhove B, Davis BR. Gene editing-based targeted integration for correction of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101208. [PMID: 38414825 PMCID: PMC10897892 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a severe X-linked primary immunodeficiency resulting from a diversity of mutations distributed across all 12 exons of the WAS gene. WAS encodes a hematopoietic-specific and developmentally regulated cytoplasmic protein (WASp). The objective of this study was to develop a gene correction strategy potentially applicable to most WAS patients by employing nuclease-mediated, site-specific integration of a corrective WAS gene sequence into the endogenous WAS chromosomal locus. In this study, we demonstrate the ability to target the integration of WAS2-12-containing constructs into intron 1 of the endogenous WAS gene of primary CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as WASp-deficient B cell lines and WASp-deficient primary T cells. This intron 1 targeted integration (TI) approach proved to be quite efficient and restored WASp expression in treated cells. Furthermore, TI restored WASp-dependent function to WAS patient T cells. Edited CD34+ HSPCs exhibited the capacity for multipotent differentiation to various hematopoietic lineages in vitro and in transplanted immunodeficient mice. This methodology offers a potential editing approach for treatment of WAS using patient's CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pille
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John M Avila
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cuong Q Le
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lavanya Saxena
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ciaran Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Brian R Davis
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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34
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Wang YX, Zhou CP, Wang DT, Ma J, Sun XH, Wang Y, Zhang YM. Unraveling the causal role of immune cells in gastrointestinal tract cancers: insights from a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343512. [PMID: 38533503 PMCID: PMC10963466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite early attempts, the relationship between immune characteristics and gastrointestinal tract cancers remains incompletely elucidated. Hence, rigorous and further investigations in this domain hold significant clinical relevance for the development of novel potential immunotherapeutic targets. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the tools available in the "TwoSampleMR" R package. The GWAS data for these 731 immune traits were sourced from the GWAS Catalog database. Concurrently, data on gastrointestinal tract cancers, encompassing malignant tumors in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum, were extracted from the FinnGen database. The immune traits subjected to MR analysis predominantly fall into four categories: median fluorescence intensities (MFI), relative cell (RC), absolute cell (AC), and morphological parameters (MP). To ensure the reliability of our findings, sensitivity analyses were implemented to address robustness, account for heterogeneity, and alleviate the impact of horizontal pleiotropy. Results A total of 78 immune traits causally linked to gastrointestinal tract cancers were identified, encompassing esophageal cancer (12 traits), gastric cancer (13 traits), small intestine cancer (22 traits), colon cancer (12 traits), and rectal cancer (19 traits). Additionally, 60 immune traits were recognized as protective factors associated with gastrointestinal tract cancers, distributed across esophageal cancer (14 traits), gastric cancer (16 traits), small intestine cancer (7 traits), colon cancer (14 traits), and rectal cancer (9 traits). Furthermore, it was observed that seven immune traits are causally related to gastrointestinal tract cancers in at least two locations. These traits include "CCR2 on CD14- CD16+ monocyte," "CD19 on IgD+ CD38-," "CD19 on IgD+ CD38- naive," "CD25hi CD45RA+ CD4 not Treg AC," "CD27 on unsw mem," "CD28 on CD39+ activated Treg," and "CD45 on CD4+." Conclusion This study elucidates a causal link between immune cells and gastrointestinal tract cancers at various sites through genetic investigation. The findings of this research open up new perspectives and resources for exploring tumor prevention strategies and immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-xiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Chao-ping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Da-tian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-hu Sun
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-ming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
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35
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Sollberger G, Brenes AJ, Warner J, Arthur JSC, Howden AJM. Quantitative proteomics reveals tissue-specific, infection-induced and species-specific neutrophil protein signatures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5966. [PMID: 38472281 PMCID: PMC10933280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are one of the first responders to infection and are a key component of the innate immune system through their ability to phagocytose and kill invading pathogens, secrete antimicrobial molecules and produce extracellular traps. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow, circulate within the blood and upon immune challenge migrate to the site of infection. We wanted to understand whether this transition shapes the mouse neutrophil protein landscape, how the mouse neutrophil proteome is impacted by systemic infection and perform a comparative analysis of human and mouse neutrophils. Using quantitative mass spectrometry we reveal tissue-specific, infection-induced and species-specific neutrophil protein signatures. We show a high degree of proteomic conservation between mouse bone marrow, blood and peritoneal neutrophils, but also identify key differences in the molecules that these cells express for sensing and responding to their environment. Systemic infection triggers a change in the bone marrow neutrophil population with considerable impact on the core machinery for protein synthesis and DNA replication along with environmental sensors. We also reveal profound differences in mouse and human blood neutrophils, particularly their granule contents. Our proteomics data provides a valuable resource for understanding neutrophil function and phenotypes across species and model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sollberger
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Alejandro J Brenes
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jordan Warner
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew J M Howden
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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36
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Yin R, Melton S, Huseby ES, Kardar M, Chakraborty AK. How persistent infection overcomes peripheral tolerance mechanisms to cause T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318599121. [PMID: 38446856 PMCID: PMC10945823 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318599121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells help orchestrate immune responses to pathogens, and their aberrant regulation can trigger autoimmunity. Recent studies highlight that a threshold number of T cells (a quorum) must be activated in a tissue to mount a functional immune response. These collective effects allow the T cell repertoire to respond to pathogens while suppressing autoimmunity due to circulating autoreactive T cells. Our computational studies show that increasing numbers of pathogenic peptides targeted by T cells during persistent or severe viral infections increase the probability of activating T cells that are weakly reactive to self-antigens (molecular mimicry). These T cells are easily re-activated by the self-antigens and contribute to exceeding the quorum threshold required to mount autoimmune responses. Rare peptides that activate many T cells are sampled more readily during severe/persistent infections than in acute infections, which amplifies these effects. Experiments in mice to test predictions from these mechanistic insights are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Samuel Melton
- Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Eric S. Huseby
- Basic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA01655
| | - Mehran Kardar
- Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Arup K. Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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37
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Radtke AJ, Postovalova E, Varlamova A, Bagaev A, Sorokina M, Kudryashova O, Meerson M, Polyakova M, Galkin I, Svekolkin V, Isaev S, Wiebe D, Sharun A, Sarachakov A, Perelman G, Lozinsky Y, Yaniv Z, Lowekamp BC, Speranza E, Yao L, Pittaluga S, Shaffer AL, Jonigk D, Phelan JD, Davies-Hill T, Huang DW, Ovcharov P, Nomie K, Nuzhdina E, Kotlov N, Ataullakhanov R, Fowler N, Kelly M, Muppidi J, Davis JL, Hernandez JM, Wilson WH, Jaffe ES, Staudt LM, Roschewski M, Germain RN. Multi-omic profiling of follicular lymphoma reveals changes in tissue architecture and enhanced stromal remodeling in high-risk patients. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:444-463.e10. [PMID: 38428410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a generally incurable malignancy that evolves from developmentally blocked germinal center (GC) B cells. To promote survival and immune escape, tumor B cells undergo significant genetic changes and extensively remodel the lymphoid microenvironment. Dynamic interactions between tumor B cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are hypothesized to contribute to the broad spectrum of clinical behaviors observed among FL patients. Despite the urgent need, existing clinical tools do not reliably predict disease behavior. Using a multi-modal strategy, we examined cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors governing progression and therapeutic outcomes in FL patients enrolled onto a prospective clinical trial. By leveraging the strengths of each platform, we identify several tumor-specific features and microenvironmental patterns enriched in individuals who experience early relapse, the most high-risk FL patients. These features include stromal desmoplasia and changes to the follicular growth pattern present 20 months before first progression and first relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Radtke
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziv Yaniv
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bradley C Lowekamp
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Speranza
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Li Yao Visuals, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
| | | | - Arthur L Shaffer
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Tumor Targeted Delivery, Heme Malignancy Target Discovery Group, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Aachen Medical University, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - James D Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Da Wei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Kelly
- CCR Single Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jagan Muppidi
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Surgical Oncology Program, Metastasis Biology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan M Hernandez
- Surgical Oncology Program, Metastasis Biology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Roschewski
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ohigashi I, White AJ, Yang MT, Fujimori S, Tanaka Y, Jacques A, Kiyonari H, Matsushita Y, Turan S, Kelly MC, Anderson G, Takahama Y. Developmental conversion of thymocyte-attracting cells into self-antigen-displaying cells in embryonic thymus medulla epithelium. eLife 2024; 12:RP92552. [PMID: 38466627 PMCID: PMC10928509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymus medulla epithelium establishes immune self-tolerance and comprises diverse cellular subsets. Functionally relevant medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) include a self-antigen-displaying subset that exhibits genome-wide promiscuous gene expression promoted by the nuclear protein Aire and that resembles a mosaic of extrathymic cells including mucosal tuft cells. An additional mTEC subset produces the chemokine CCL21, thereby attracting positively selected thymocytes from the cortex to the medulla. Both self-antigen-displaying and thymocyte-attracting mTEC subsets are essential for self-tolerance. Here, we identify a developmental pathway by which mTECs gain their diversity in functionally distinct subsets. We show that CCL21-expressing mTECs arise early during thymus ontogeny in mice. Fate-mapping analysis reveals that self-antigen-displaying mTECs, including Aire-expressing mTECs and thymic tuft cells, are derived from CCL21-expressing cells. The differentiation capability of CCL21-expressing embryonic mTECs is verified in reaggregate thymus experiments. These results indicate that CCL21-expressing embryonic mTECs carry a developmental potential to give rise to self-antigen-displaying mTECs, revealing that the sequential conversion of thymocyte-attracting subset into self-antigen-displaying subset serves to assemble functional diversity in the thymus medulla epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of TokushimaTokushimaJapan
| | - Andrea J White
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Mei-Ting Yang
- Thymus Biology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sayumi Fujimori
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of TokushimaTokushimaJapan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Thymus Biology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Alison Jacques
- Thymus Biology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchHyogoJapan
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of TokushimaTokushimaJapan
| | - Sevilay Turan
- Sequencing Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Thymus Biology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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39
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Wang KH, Shen HS, Chu SC, Wang TF, Lin CW, Huang WH, Wu YF, Ho CC, Pang CY, Li CC. Effectiveness of Chinese Herbal Medicine as a Complementary Treatment for Neutropenia Prevention and Immunity Modulation During Chemotherapy in Patients With Breast Cancer: Protocol for a Real-World Pragmatic Clinical Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55662. [PMID: 38466979 DOI: 10.2196/55662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, advancements in cancer treatment have enabled cancer cell inhibition, leading to improved patient outcomes. However, the side effects of chemotherapy, especially leukopenia, impact patients' ability to tolerate their treatments and affect their quality of life. Traditional Chinese medicine is thought to provide complementary cancer treatment to improve the quality of life and prolong survival time among patients with cancer. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as a complementary treatment for neutropenia prevention and immunity modulation during chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. METHODS We will conduct a real-world pragmatic clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of CHM as a supplementary therapy to prevent neutropenia in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Patients will be classified into CHM or non-CHM groups based on whether they received CHM during chemotherapy. Using generalized estimating equations or repeated measures ANOVA, we will assess differences in white blood cell counts, absolute neutrophil counts, immune cells, and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression levels between the 2 groups. RESULTS This study was approved by the research ethics committee of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital (IRB 110-168-A). The enrollment process began in September 2021 and will stop in December 2024. A total of 140 patients will be recruited. Data cleaning and analysis are expected to finish in the middle of 2025. CONCLUSIONS Traditional Chinese medicine is the most commonly used complementary medicine, and it has been reported to significantly alleviate chemotherapy-related side effects. This study's findings may contribute to developing effective interventions targeting chemotherapy-related neutropenia among patients with breast cancer in clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry ITMCTR2023000054; https://tinyurl.com/yc353hes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/55662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Shu Shen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Sports Medicine Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chao Chu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Ho
- Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Jang S, Jang S, Ko J, Bae JE, Hyung H, Park JY, Lim SG, Park S, Park S, Yi J, Kim S, Kim MO, Cho DH, Ryoo ZY. HSPA9 reduction exacerbates symptoms and cell death in DSS-Induced inflammatory colitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5908. [PMID: 38467701 PMCID: PMC10928168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that is influenced by various factors, including environmental factors, immune responses, and genetic elements. Among the factors that influence IBD progression, macrophages play a significant role in generating inflammatory mediators, and an increase in the number of activated macrophages contributes to cellular damage, thereby exacerbating the overall inflammatory conditions. HSPA9, a member of the heat shock protein 70 family, plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial processes and responding to oxidative stress. HSPA9 deficiency disrupts mitochondrial dynamics, increasing mitochondrial fission and the production of reactive oxygen species. Based on the known functions of HSPA9, we considered the possibility that HSPA9 reduction may contribute to the exacerbation of colitis and investigated its relevance. In a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse model, the downregulated HSPA9 exacerbates colitis symptoms, including increased immune cell infiltration, elevated proinflammatory cytokines, decreased tight junctions, and altered macrophage polarization. Moreover, along with the increased mitochondrial fission, we found that the reduction in HSPA9 significantly affected the superoxide dismutase 1 levels and contributed to cellular death. These findings enhance our understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying colitis and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soyeon Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ko
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Bae
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU Institute of Basic Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Hyung
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Geun Lim
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sijun Park
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Park
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkoo Yi
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Korea
| | - Seonggon Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsang buk-do, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Organelle Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Gaber DA, Shokr M, Shaker O, Zaki KA, Khalil HS, Wahb AM. Serum ACE2 and S19P gene polymorphism in Egyptian patients with COVID-19 infection: correlation with disease severity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5846. [PMID: 38462662 PMCID: PMC10925588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression of ACE2 is linked to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. The ACE2 receptor gene polymorphisms are considered determinants for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcome. In our study, serum ACE2 and its genetic variant S19P rs73635825 polymorphism were investigated in 114 SARS-CoV-2 patients. The results were compared with 120 control subjects. ELISA technique and allele discrimination assay were used for measuring serum ACE2 and genotype analysis of ACE2 rs73635825. Our results revealed that serum ACE2 was significantly lower in SARS-CoV-2 patients (p = 0.0001), particularly in cases with hypertension or diabetes mellitus. There was a significant difference in the genotype distributions of ACE2 rs73635825 A > G between COVID-19 patients and controls (p-value = 0.001). A higher frequency of the heterozygous AG genotype (65.8%) was reported in COVID-19 patients. The G allele was significantly more common in COVID-19 patients (p < 0.0001). The AG and GG genotypes were associated with COVID-19 severity as they were correlated with abnormal laboratory findings, GGO, CXR, and total severity scores with p < 0.05. Our results revealed that the ACE2 S19P gene variant is correlated with the incidence of infection and its severity, suggesting the usefulness of this work in identifying the susceptible population groups for better disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Gaber
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
- College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE.
| | - Mohamed Shokr
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, MUST University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamelia Ahmed Zaki
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, MUST University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy Samir Khalil
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany M Wahb
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rutten L, Swart M, Koornneef A, Bouchier P, Blokland S, Sadi A, Juraszek J, Vijayan A, Schmit-Tillemans S, Verspuij J, Choi Y, Daal CE, Perkasa A, Torres Morales S, Myeni SK, Kikkert M, Tolboom J, van Manen D, Kuipers H, Schuitemaker H, Zahn R, Langedijk JPM. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 spike stability and RBD exposure on antigenicity and immunogenicity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5735. [PMID: 38459086 PMCID: PMC10923862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 induces neutralizing antibodies and is the key component of current COVID-19 vaccines. The most efficacious COVID-19 vaccines are genetically-encoded spikes with a double proline substitution in the hinge region to stabilize S in the prefusion conformation (S-2P). A subunit vaccine can be a valuable addition to mRNA and viral vector-based vaccines but requires high stability of spike. In addition, further stabilization of the prefusion conformation of spike might improve immunogenicity. To test this, five spike proteins were designed and characterized, ranging from low to high stability. The immunogenicity of these proteins was assessed in mice, demonstrating that a spike (S-closed-2) with a high melting temperature, which still allowed ACE2 binding, induced the highest neutralization titers against homologous and heterologous strains (up to 16-fold higher than the least stabilized spike). In contrast, the most stable spike variant (S-locked), in which the receptor binding domains (RBDs) were locked in a closed conformation and thus not able to breathe, induced relatively low neutralizing antibody titers against heterologous strains. These data demonstrate that S protein stabilization with RBDs exposing highly conserved epitopes may be needed to increase the immunogenicity of spike proteins for future COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rutten
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Swart
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemart Koornneef
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pascale Bouchier
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Blokland
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ava Sadi
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jarek Juraszek
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aneesh Vijayan
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Verspuij
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Choi
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chenandly E Daal
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aditya Perkasa
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shessy Torres Morales
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebenzile K Myeni
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Tolboom
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle van Manen
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harmjan Kuipers
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes P M Langedijk
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ForgeBio, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Yu B, Gao Y, Li J, Gao F, Zhang J, Li L, Feng X, Zuo D, Jin X, Chen W, Li Q. Killing two birds with one stone: Abscopal Effect Mechanism and its application prospect in radiotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024:104325. [PMID: 38462151 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Abscopal effects are characterized by the emergence of neoplasms in regions unrelated to the primary radiation therapy site, displaying a gradual attenuation or regression throughout the progression of radiation therapy, which have been of interest to scientists since Mole's proposal in 1953. The incidence of abscopal effects in radiation therapy is intricately linked to the immune system, with both innate and adaptive immune responses playing crucial roles. Biological factors impacting abscopal effects ultimately exert their influence on the intricate workings of the immune system. Although abscopal effects are rarely observed in clinical cases, the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. This article examines the biological and physical factors influencing abscopal effects of radiotherapy. Through a review of preclinical and clinical studies, this article aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of abscopal effects and proposes new avenues for future research in this field. The findings presented in this article serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to explore this topic in greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Yu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Linjing Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianglong Feng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dashan Zuo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Peeva E, Banerjee A, Banfield C, Soma K, Christensen J, Menon S, Vincent MS, Dolsten M. Master protocols and other innovative trial designs in inflammation and immunology to expedite clinical drug development. Drug Discov Today 2024:103948. [PMID: 38460567 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Master protocol designs such as umbrella and basket studies allow multiple compounds or multiple target populations to be evaluated simultaneously within a single protocol, and THEY have been widely adopted in oncology clinical trials. These novel designs can also be applied in other therapeutic areas, where they could have several benefits over conducting traditional randomized controlled trials. Here, we detail Pfizer's recent implementations of master protocol designs in inflammation and immunology clinical studies, focusing on the opportunities for cost and resource savings and how these designs can expedite the time required to bring new treatments to patients in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Peeva
- Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | | | | | - Koshika Soma
- Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Sandeep Menon
- Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Mikael Dolsten
- Pfizer Inc., 66 Hudson Blvd East, New York City, NY 10001, USA
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45
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Wai KC, Okholm TLH, Ha PK, Marquez DM, Tenvooren I, Jones KB, Spitzer MH. The tumor microenvironment of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 38454566 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of salivary gland tumors (SGTs) remains challenging. Little is known about the immune landscape of SGTs. We aimed to characterize the tumor microenvironment in benign and malignant SGTs. METHODS Eleven benign and nine malignant tumors were collected from patients undergoing curative intent surgery. Specimens were analyzed using mass cytometry by time-of-flight. Immune cell populations were manually gated, and T cells were clustered using the FlowSOM algorithm. Population frequencies were compared between high-grade and low-grade malignancies, corrected for multiple hypothesis testing. RESULTS There were trends towards increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells among malignant tumors. High-grade malignancies exhibited trends towards higher frequencies of CD8+ PD-1+ CD39+ CD103+ exhausted T cells, CD4+ FoxP3+ TCF-1+ CD127- Tregs, and CD69+ CD25- CD4+ T cells compared to low-grade malignancies. CONCLUSION SGTs exhibit significant immunologic diversity. High-grade malignancies tended to have greater infiltration of exhausted CD8+ T cells and Tregs, which may guide future studies for immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Wai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Trine Line H Okholm
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Patrick K Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diana M Marquez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyle B Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Pharma Technical Cell and Gene Therapy, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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46
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Syeda MZ, Hong T, Huang C, Huang W, Mu Q. B cell memory: from generation to reactivation: a multipronged defense wall against pathogens. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:117. [PMID: 38453885 PMCID: PMC10920759 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of B cell memory is a conundrum that scientists are still exploring. Studies have been conducted in vitro and using advanced animal models to elucidate the mechanism underlying the generation of memory B cells (MBCs), the precise roles of MBCs against pathogens, and their protective functions against repeated infections throughout life. Lifelong immunity against invading diseases is mainly the result of overcoming a single infection. This protection is largely mediated by the two main components of B cell memory-MBCs and long-lived plasma cells (PCs). The chemical and cellular mechanisms that encourage fat selection for MBCs or long-lived PCs are an area of active research. Despite the fact that nearly all available vaccinations rely on the capacity to elicit B-cell memory, we have yet to develop successful vaccines that can induce broad-scale protective MBCs against some of the deadliest diseases, including malaria and AIDS. A deeper understanding of the specific cellular and molecular pathways that govern the generation, function, and reactivation of MBCs is critical for overcoming the challenges associated with vaccine development. Here, we reviewed literature on the development of MBCs and their reactivation, interaction with other cell types, strategies against invading pathogens, and function throughout life and discussed the recent advances regarding the key signals and transcription factors which regulate B cell memory and their relevance to the quest for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Zahra Syeda
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, 525200, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tu Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunming Huang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, 525200, China.
| | - Wenhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qingchun Mu
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, 525200, China.
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McPherson PAC. Approaches to nonlinear curve fitting in laboratory medicine. Lab Med 2024; 55:111-116. [PMID: 37527550 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear curve fitting is an important process in laboratory medicine, particularly with the increased use of highly sensitive antibody-based assays. Although the process is often automated in commercially available software, it is important that clinical scientists and physicians recognize the limitations of the various approaches used and are able to select the most appropriate model. This article summarizes the key nonlinear functions and demonstrates their application to common laboratory data. Following this, a basic overview of the statistical comparison of models is presented and then a discussion of important algorithms used in nonlinear curve fitting. An accompanying Microsoft Excel workbook is available that can be used to explore the content of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A C McPherson
- Ulster University, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science, Coleraine, UK
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Moore CO, André MR, Šlapeta J, Breitschwerdt EB. Vector biology of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. Trends Parasitol 2024:S1471-4922(24)00031-X. [PMID: 38458883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Ctenocephalides felis, the cat flea, is among the most prevalent and widely dispersed vectors worldwide. Unfortunately, research on C. felis and associated pathogens (Bartonella and Rickettsia spp.) lags behind that of other vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Therefore, we aimed to review fundamental aspects of C. felis as a vector (behavior, epidemiology, phylogenetics, immunology, and microbiome composition) with an emphasis on key techniques and research avenues employed in other vector species. Future laboratory C. felis experimental infections with Bartonella, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia species/strains should examine the vector-pathogen interface utilizing contemporary visualization, transcriptomic, and gene-editing techniques. Further environmental sampling will inform the range and prevalence of C. felis and associated pathogens, improving the accuracy of vector and pathogen modeling to improve infection/infestation risk assessment and diagnostic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte O Moore
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, North Carolina State University, NC, USA.
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Mattioli F, Serafini E, Andreani A, Cappiello G, De Maria F, Marchioni D, Pinelli M, Marchioni A. Lipoaspirate Injection in Relapsing Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: Preliminary Results. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2024:34894241237021. [PMID: 38444374 DOI: 10.1177/00034894241237021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) poses a clinical challenge due to high recurrence rates following both endoscopic and open approaches, often leading to tracheostomy. The activation of abnormal T-cells and cytokine pathways has been linked to iSGS pathogenesis. Autologous adipose tissue centrifugation yields lipoaspirate, offering optimal anti-inflammatory effects and biocompatibility widely utilized in various medical settings. This report presents the first 3 cases employing endoscopic dilation (ED) in combination with local lipoaspirate injection to address recurrent iSGS. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted, involving multidisciplinary evaluation by the Tracheal Team at the University of Modena. Patients meeting specific criteria were directed to undergo ED + lipoaspirate injection. RESULTS Three patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean number of prior endoscopic procedures performed was 8. Endoscopic examination revealed 90% stenosis in patient A, 60% stenosis in patient B, and 60% stenosis in patient C. All patients presented inflammatory tissue or incipient granulations at the stenotic site, with an average time of 6 months between previous procedures. After 15 months, none of the patients required further procedures, and endoscopic examination revealed a significant reduction or disappearance of inflammatory tissue with a stable airway lumen. CONCLUSIONS The observed results are encouraging in terms of reducing local inflammation and halting stenosis progression, especially in cases of short-term relapsing iSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mattioli
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Edoardo Serafini
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Andreani
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gaia Cappiello
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico De Maria
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Marchioni
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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50
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Otarigho B, Butts AF, Aballay A. Neuronal NPR-15 modulates molecular and behavioral immune responses via the amphid sensory neuron-intestinal axis in C. elegans. eLife 2024; 12:RP90051. [PMID: 38446031 PMCID: PMC10942643 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The survival of hosts during infections relies on their ability to mount effective molecular and behavioral immune responses. Despite extensive research on these defense strategies in various species, including the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the neural mechanisms underlying their interaction remain poorly understood. Previous studies have highlighted the role of neural G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in regulating both immunity and pathogen avoidance, which is particularly dependent on aerotaxis. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a screen of mutants in neuropeptide receptor family genes. We found that loss-of-function mutations in npr-15 activated immunity while suppressing pathogen avoidance behavior. Through further analysis, NPR-15 was found to regulate immunity by modulating the activity of key transcription factors, namely GATA/ELT-2 and TFEB/HLH-30. Surprisingly, the lack of pathogen avoidance of npr-15 mutant animals was not influenced by oxygen levels. Moreover, our studies revealed that the amphid sensory neuron ASJ is involved in mediating the immune and behavioral responses orchestrated by NPR-15. Additionally, NPR-15 was found to regulate avoidance behavior via the TRPM (transient receptor potential melastatin) gene, GON-2, which may sense the intestinal distension caused by bacterial colonization to elicit pathogen avoidance. Our study contributes to a broader understanding of host defense strategies and mechanisms underlining the interaction between molecular and behavioral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Otarigho
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Anna Frances Butts
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealthHoustonUnited States
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