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Sen RK, Prabhakar P, Shruti, Verma P, Vikram A, Mishra A, Dwivedi A, Gowri VS, Chaurasia JP, Mondal DP, Srivastava AK, Dwivedi N, Dhand C. Smart Nanofibrous Hydrogel Wound Dressings for Dynamic Infection Diagnosis and Control: Soft but Functionally Rigid. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:999-1016. [PMID: 38198289 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wounds, such as burns and diabetic foot ulcers, pose significant challenges to global healthcare systems due to prolonged hospitalization and increased costs attributed to susceptibility to bacterial infections. The conventional use of antibiotic-loaded and metal-impregnated dressings exacerbates concerns related to multidrug resistance and skin argyrosis. In response to these challenges, our research introduces a unique approach utilizing antibiotic-free smart hydrogel wound dressings with integrated infection eradication and diagnostic capabilities. Electrospinning stands out as a method capable of producing hydrogel nanofibrous materials possessing favorable characteristics for treating wounds and detecting infections under conditions utilizing sustainable materials. In this study, innovative dressings are fabricated through electrospinning polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (GEL) hybrid hydrogel nanofibers, incorporating pDA as a cross-linker, εPL as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, and anthocyanin as a pH-responsive probe. The developed dressings demonstrate exceptional antioxidant (>90% radical scavenging) and antimicrobial properties (95-100% killing). The inclusion of polyphenols/flavonoids and εPL leads to absolute bacterial eradication, and in vitro assessments using HaCaT cells indicate increased cell proliferation, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and enhanced cell viability (100% Cell viability). The dressings display notable alterations in color that correspond to different wound conditions. Specifically, they exhibit a red/violet hue under healthy wound conditions (pH 4-6.5) and a green/blue color under unhealthy wound conditions (pH > 6.5). These distinctive color changes provide valuable insights into the versatile applications of the dressings in the care and management of wounds. Our findings suggest that these antibiotic-free smart hydrogel wound dressings hold promise as an effective and sustainable solution for chronic wounds, providing simultaneous infection control and diagnostic monitoring. This research contributes to advancing the field of wound care, offering a potential paradigm shift in the development of next-generation wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Sen
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Prabhakar
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shruti
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priya Verma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Apeksha Vikram
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aradhana Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ashish Dwivedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Sorna Gowri
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jamuna Prasad Chaurasia
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dehi Pada Mondal
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanish Kumar Srivastava
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neeraj Dwivedi
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chetna Dhand
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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A J, S S S, K S, T S M. Extracellular vesicles in bacterial and fungal diseases - Pathogenesis to diagnostic biomarkers. Virulence 2023; 14:2180934. [PMID: 36794396 PMCID: PMC10012962 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2180934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication among microbes plays an important role in disease exacerbation. Recent advances have described small vesicles, termed as "extracellular vesicles" (EVs), previously disregarded as "cellular dust" to be vital in the intracellular and intercellular communication in host-microbe interactions. These signals have been known to initiate host damage and transfer of a variety of cargo including proteins, lipid particles, DNA, mRNA, and miRNAs. Microbial EVs, referred to generally as "membrane vesicles" (MVs), play a key role in disease exacerbation suggesting their importance in pathogenicity. Host EVs help coordinate antimicrobial responses and prime the immune cells for pathogen attack. Hence EVs with their central role in microbe-host communication, may serve as important diagnostic biomarkers of microbial pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize current research regarding the roles of EVs as markers of microbial pathogenesis with specific focus on their interaction with host immune defence and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jnana A
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sadiya S S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Satyamoorthy K
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Murali T S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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López-Jácome LE, Martínez-Vázquez M, García-Contreras R. Editorial: Alternatives to combat bacterial infections, volume II. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1223241. [PMID: 37362922 PMCID: PMC10289285 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Esaú López-Jácome
- División de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariano Martínez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Edwards G, Seeley A, Carter A, Patrick Smith M, Cross ELA, Hughes K, Van den Bruel A, Llewelyn MJ, Verbakel JY, Hayward G. What is the Diagnostic Accuracy of Novel Urine Biomarkers for Urinary Tract Infection? Biomark Insights 2023; 18:11772719221144459. [PMID: 36761839 PMCID: PMC9902898 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221144459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) affects half of women at least once in their lifetime. Current diagnosis involves urinary dipstick and urine culture, yet both methods have modest diagnostic accuracy, and cannot support decision-making in patient populations with high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, such as older adults. Detecting biomarkers of host response in the urine of hosts has the potential to improve diagnosis. Objectives To synthesise the evidence of the diagnostic accuracy of novel biomarkers for UTI, and of their ability to differentiate UTI from asymptomatic bacteriuria. Design A systematic review. Data Sources and Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science for studies of novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of UTI. We excluded studies assessing biomarkers included in urine dipsticks as these have been well described previously. We included studies of adult patients (≥16 years) with a suspected or confirmed urinary tract infection using microscopy and culture as the reference standard. We excluded studies using clinical signs and symptoms, or urine dipstick only as a reference standard. Quality appraisal was performed using QUADAS-2. We summarised our data using point estimates and data accuracy statistics. Results We included 37 studies on 4009 adults measuring 66 biomarkers. Study quality was limited by case-control design and study size; only 4 included studies had a prospective cohort design. IL-6 and IL-8 were the most studied biomarkers. We found plausible evidence to suggest that IL-8, IL-6, GRO-a, sTNF-1, sTNF-2 and MCR may benefit from more rigorous evaluation of their potential diagnostic value for UTI. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of any novel biomarker for UTI diagnosis at present. Further evaluation of the more promising candidates, is needed before they can be recommended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Edwards
- NIHR Community Healthcare Medtech and IVD Cooperative, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,George Edwards, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Anna Seeley
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Carter
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maia Patrick Smith
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth LA Cross
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Kathryn Hughes
- PRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ann Van den Bruel
- EPI-Centre, Academic Centre for General Practice, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin J Llewelyn
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Jan Y Verbakel
- NIHR Community Healthcare Medtech and IVD Cooperative, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,EPI-Centre, Academic Centre for General Practice, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gail Hayward
- NIHR Community Healthcare Medtech and IVD Cooperative, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Chawla DG, Cappuccio A, Tamminga A, Sealfon SC, Zaslavsky E, Kleinstein SH. Benchmarking transcriptional host response signatures for infection diagnosis. Cell Syst 2022; 13:974-988.e7. [PMID: 36549274 PMCID: PMC9768893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of host transcriptional response signatures has emerged as a new paradigm for infection diagnosis. For clinical applications, signatures must robustly detect the pathogen of interest without cross-reacting with unintended conditions. To evaluate the performance of infectious disease signatures, we developed a framework that includes a compendium of 17,105 transcriptional profiles capturing infectious and non-infectious conditions and a standardized methodology to assess robustness and cross-reactivity. Applied to 30 published signatures of infection, the analysis showed that signatures were generally robust in detecting viral and bacterial infections in independent data. Asymptomatic and chronic infections were also detectable, albeit with decreased performance. However, many signatures were cross-reactive with unintended infections and aging. In general, we found robustness and cross-reactivity to be conflicting objectives, and we identified signature properties associated with this trade-off. The data compendium and evaluation framework developed here provide a foundation for the development of signatures for clinical application. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Chawla
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Antonio Cappuccio
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Tamminga
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Pathology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Goodlad C, George S, Sandoval S, Mepham S, Parekh G, Eberl M, Topley N, Davenport A. Measurement of innate immune response biomarkers in peritoneal dialysis effluent using a rapid diagnostic point-of-care device as a diagnostic indicator of peritonitis. Kidney Int 2020; 97:1253-1259. [PMID: 32359809 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peritonitis is the commonest complication of peritoneal dialysis and a major reason for treatment failure. Current diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, cloudy effluent and a dialysate white cell count (over 100 cells/μl). A rapid point-of-care diagnostic test would accelerate diagnosis and potentially improve outcomes from infection. Here, in a clinical audit project, we used PERiPLEX®, a point-of-care device which detects when levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and interleukin-6 are elevated above a threshold within minutes in dialysis effluent, to assess whether it could confirm or exclude peritonitis in 107 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Mean patient age was 64.6 years with a median duration of peritoneal dialysis of 13.3 months (interquartile range 6.3 - 33.5 months). Presence of peritonitis was confirmed by clinical criteria. There were 49 positive tests of which 41 patients had peritonitis, three had other causes of intra-peritoneal inflammation, three had severe urosepsis and two patients required no treatment. Fifty-eight tests were negative with one patient having a false negative result. The positive predictive value of the test was 83.7% (95% confidence interval 72.8 - 90.8) and the negative predictive value was 98.3% (89.1 - 99.8). Sensitivity and specificity were 97.6% (87.4 - 99.9) and 87.7% (77.2 - 94.5) respectively. Thus, PERiPLEX® could be used as a rapid point-of-care test that can aid the diagnosis or exclusion of peritonitis with a high negative predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen Mepham
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas Topley
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Davenport
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, UK
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Su L, Li Y, Liu Y, An Y, Shi L. Recent Advances and Future Prospects on Adaptive Biomaterials for Antimicrobial Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900289. [PMID: 31642591 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is becoming the biggest threat to human health. The scenario is partly due to the ineffectiveness of the conventional antibiotic treatments against the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and partly due to the bacteria living in biofilms or cells. Adaptive biomaterials can change their physicochemical properties in the microenvironment of bacterial infection, thereby facilitating either their interactions with bacteria or drug release. The trends in treating bacterial infections using adaptive biomaterials-based systems are flourishing and generate innumerous possibility to design novel antimicrobial therapeutics. This feature article aims to summarize the recent developments in the formulations, mechanisms, and advances of adaptive materials in bacterial infection diagnosis, contact killing of bacteria, and antimicrobial drug delivery. Also, the challenges and limitations of current antimicrobial treatments based on adaptive materials and their clinical and industrial future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingli An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Fernández González LG, Reyes Veiga AL, Oliver P, Gretter MT. Effect of Treatment with Caspofungin on the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections by Gamma Scintigraphy. Curr Radiopharm 2017; 10:131-138. [PMID: 28675994 DOI: 10.2174/1874471010666170703125709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the influence of treatment with U-Caspofungin, on the quality of diagnostic scintigraphic images of induced lesions in nude mice undergoing both bacterial and fungal infections and to determine the level of specificity of 99mTc-tricarbonyl-Caspofungin to discriminate between fungal or bacterial infections. In vitro studies on the behaviour of the 99mTc-tricarbonyl-Caspofungin complex binding percentage at different yeast concentrations of Candida albicans or Staphyolococcus aureus were determined. The incubation was performed with and without U-Caspofungin. In vivo evaluation was performed of 6 groups of athymic mice: sham, inflammation (LPS), fungal infection with Candida albicans (CA) and bacterial infection with Staphylocuccus aureus (SA). In vitro studies showed that the uptake of the complex by both yeasts and bacteria, depends on the concentration of colony forming units (cfu), and that this uptake is favoured by the presence of UCaspofungin that increases the membrane permeability to the 99mTc-tricarbonyl-Caspofungin complex. In vivo evaluation showed low uptake in sterile inflammation model and moderate to high uptake in infections models both treated or not with U-Caspofungin. The results of biodistributions were compatible with scintigraphic images. CONCLUSION The uptake of the complex depends on the load of microorganisms, but it presents high sensibility, even at low concentrations of the infecting agent. The treatment with U-Caspofungin has no influence on the quality of the scintigraphic images used for diagnosis and localization of infection foci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Oliver
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo. Uruguay
| | - Mariella Terán Gretter
- Cátedra de Radioquímica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República-Uruguay, Montevideo. Uruguay
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Wassermann KJ, Barth S, Keplinger F, Noehammer C, Peham JR. High-k Dielectric Passivation: Novel Considerations Enabling Cell Specific Lysis Induced by Electric Fields. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:21228-21235. [PMID: 27466697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the electrodynamic behavior of cells interacting with electric fields would allow for novel scientific insights and would lead to the next generation of cell manipulation, diagnostics, and treatment. Here, we introduce a promising electrode design by using metal oxide high-k dielectric passivation. The thermally generated dielectric passivation layer enables efficient electric field coupling to the fluid sample comprising cells while simultaneously decoupling the electrode ohmically from the electrolyte, allowing for better control and adjustability of electric field effects due to reduced electrochemical reactions at the electrode surface. This approach demonstrates cell-size specific lysis with electric fields in a microfluidic flow-through design resulting in 99.8% blood cell lysis at 6 s exposure without affecting the viability of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial spike-ins. The advantages of this new approach can support next-generation investigations of electrodynamics in biological systems and their exploitation for cell manipulation in multiple fields of medicine, life science, and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens J Wassermann
- Health & Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology , Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Barth
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Keplinger
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Vienna University of Technology , Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Noehammer
- Health & Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology , Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes R Peham
- Health & Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology , Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection is essential for the prevention of infection and the identification of infected individuals who could benefit from highly active antiretroviral therapy. Since the release of the first assays for the detection of anti-HIV antibodies, the technology of immunoassays has improved. AREAS COVERED Fourth generation assays - simultaneously detecting HIV p24 antigen and antibodies - have been developed and have been a major improvement in the detection of HIV infection, with a reduction of the diagnostic window. Studies have provided definite evidence for their clinical utility. Combination assays with separate results for anti-HIV antibodies and p24 antigen have been developed. Expert Commentary: In conclusion, fourth generation assays are an effective tool for the laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection. The ADVIA Centaur HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay is in line with most recent fourth generation assays and its clinical utility has been assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vallefuoco
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzarella
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Portella
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
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Vilche M, Reyes AL, Vasilskis E, Oliver P, Balter H, Engler H. ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-UBI-29-41 as a PET Tracer for Detection of Bacterial Infection. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:622-7. [PMID: 26769861 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.161265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The cationic peptide (68)Ga-NOTA-UBI-29-41 was synthesized and characterized. Biodistribution and PET/CT examinations were performed for evaluation of its biologic behavior. Differentiation of infection from sterile inflammation was investigated using microbiology methods at the sites of bacterial infections. METHODS Labeling of UBI-29-41 conjugated with NOTA with (68)Ga was optimized at 20°C-100°C and pH 3.5-5.5. Radiochemical purity, stability up to 260 min, and binding to serum proteins were determined. In vitro binding to Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated from 9.14 × 10(7) to 1.17 × 10(10) cfu/mL. Of 3 groups of Mus musculus Swiss male mice, the first was inoculated intramuscularly with 1.2 × 10(8) cfu of S. aureus to provoke infection, and the second, with 1.2 × 10(8) cfu of heat shock-treated S. aureus to generate sterile inflammation. The third mouse was not treated and served as a control. After 24 h, (68)Ga-NOTA-UBI-29-41 was administrated intravenously, and biodistribution was performed at 30, 60, and 120 min. PET/CT dynamic studies (120 min) were acquired. Sinograms were reconstructed using 3D maximum-likelihood expectation maximization and analyzed with software. Infected or inflamed muscles were dissected, homogenized, and cultured in tryptic soy agar medium. Recovered S. aureus was calculated as cfu/g. RESULTS (68)Ga-NOTA-UBI-29-41 showed high renal excretion (83.2% ± 7.3%) of injected dose and rapid blood clearance. More than 95% was bound in vitro to 5 × 10(9) cfu/mL. A significantly higher (P< 0.05) accumulation of (68)Ga-NOTA-UBI-29-41 was observed at sites of S. aureus inoculation in infected mice (ratio of target to nontarget, 5.0 at 60 min and 4.1 at 120 min) compared with animals with inflammation (ratio of target to nontarget, 1.6 at 60 min and 1.2 at 120 min). CONCLUSION The difference in uptake of (68)Ga-NOTA-UBI-29-41 in the infected muscles compared with the inflamed muscles was clearly observed in the PET/CT images and positively correlated with the degree of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Vilche
- Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Henia Balter
- Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Henry Engler
- Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Esteban J, Sandoval E, Cordero-Ampuero J, Molina-Manso D, Ortiz-Pérez A, Fernández-Roblas R, Gómez-Barrena E. Sonication of intramedullary nails: clinically-related infection and contamination. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:255-60. [PMID: 22848337 PMCID: PMC3406279 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001206010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sonication is currently considered the best procedure for microbiological diagnosis of implant-related osteoarticular infection, but studies in nail-related infections are lacking. The study aim was to evaluate implant sonication after intramedullary nail explantation, and relate it to microbiological cultures and clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS A study was performed in two University Hospitals from the same city. Thirty-one patients with implanted nails were prospectively included, whether with clinical infection (8 cases) or without (23 cases). Retrieved nails underwent sonication according a previously published protocol. The clinical and microbiological outcome patient was related to the presence of microorganisms in the retrieved implant. RESULTS Positive results appeared in 15/31 patients (9 with polymicrobial infections) almost doubling those clinically infected cases. The most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (19.2 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.4 %). A significant relationship was found between the presence of positive cultures and previous local superficial infection (p=0.019). The presence of usual pathogens was significantly related to clinical infection (p=0.005) or local superficial infection (p=0.032). All patients with positive cultures showed pain diminution or absence of pain after nail removal (15/15), but this only occurred in 8 (out of 16) patients with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS In patients with previously diagnosed infection or local superficial infection, study of the hardware is mandatory. In cases where pain or patient discomfort is observed, nail sonication can help diagnose the implant colonization with potential pathogens that might require specific treatment to improve the final outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Esteban
- Departments of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundacin Jimnez Daz, Madrid, Spain
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