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Baker SL, Robison CI, Karcher DM, Toscano MJ, Makagon MM. Influence of keel impacts and laying hen behavior on keel bone damage. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103423. [PMID: 38335665 PMCID: PMC10869299 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Keel bone damage, which presents as fractures and/or deviations of the keel, has been detected in laying hens housed in all types of systems. Factors leading to keel bone damage in hens housed with limited vertical space, such as those housed in furnished systems, are not well understood, and are the topic of this study. Ten focal hens from each of 12 furnished cages (4 rooms of 3 cages) were fitted with keel mounted tri-axial accelerometers. Their behavior was video recorded continuously over two 3-wk trials: the first when the hens were between 52 and 60 wk of age, and the second approximately 20 wk later. The integrity of each hen's keel was evaluated at the start and end of each 3-wk trial using digital computed tomography. We identified predominant behaviors associated with acceleration events sustained at the keel (collisions, aggressive interactions and grooming) by pairing accelerometer outputs with video data. For each recorded acceleration event we calculated the acceleration magnitudes as the maximum summed acceleration recorded during the event, and by calculating the area under the acceleration curve. A principle components analysis, which was used as a data reduction technique, resulted in the identification of 4 components that were used in a subsequent regression analysis. A key finding is that the number of collisions a hen has with structures in her environment, and the number of aggressive interactions that a hen is involved, each affect the likelihood that she will develop 1 or more fractures within a 3-wk time span. This relationship between hen behavior and keel fracture formation was independent of the magnitude of acceleration involved in the event. Observed behavior did not have an impact on the formation of keel bone deviations, further supporting reports that the mechanisms underlying the 2 types of keel bone damage are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L Baker
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cara I Robison
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Darrin M Karcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael J Toscano
- Center for Proper Housing: Poultry and Rabbits, Division of Animal Welfare, VPHI, University of Bern, 3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Maja M Makagon
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Yue Q, Huang C, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Wang D, Zhang Z, Chen H. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal potential regulatory pathways regulating bone metabolism pre- and postsexual maturity in hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103555. [PMID: 38417334 PMCID: PMC10907858 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
At the onset of sexual maturity, the increasing circulating estrogen stimulates the formation of medullary bone, which provides available calcium for eggshell formation. The bone loss of laying hens is caused by the continuous dynamic changes of structure bone leading to bone fragility and susceptibility. The degree of medullary bone mineralization in sexual maturity is positively correlated with bone quality in the late laying stage. This study aimed to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of bone metabolism pre- and postsexual maturity in hens based on the joint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. A total of 50 Hy-line Sonia pullets with comparable body weight at 13 wk were selected. Eight pullets were killed at 15 wk (juvenile hens, JH) and 19 wk (laying hens, LH), and LHs were killed within 3 h after oviposition. Differentially expressed genes and metabolites in tibia were analyzed based on transcriptome and metabolome, and then combined to construct the relevant metabolisms and hub genes. In the LH hens, plasma levels of estrogen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were significantly elevated by 1.7 and 1.3 times. In addition, the midpoint diameter, bone mineral density and bone mineral content of the tibia and femur were higher at 19 wk of age. A total of 580 differentially expressed genes were found between the JH and LH group in the tibia, including 280 up-regulated, and 300 down-regulated genes in the LH group. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the intracellular biosynthesis and secretion of matrix vesicles were significantly enrichment in the LH hens. A total of 21 differential metabolites were identified between JH and LH group. Estradiol valerate positively correlated with L-theanine, tryptophan betaine, dopamine, and perindopril. Joint analysis showed that the top 20 hub genes were enriched in cholesterol biosynthesis and phospholipid metabolism, which played a key regulatory role in bone metabolism during pre- and postsexual maturity. These results provide a theoretical foundation for maintaining efficient egg production and reducing bone health problems in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxian Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chenxuan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Rongyan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Yinlang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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Kim YB, Park J, Lee HG, Song JY, Kim DH, Ji W, Joo SS, Kim M, Jung JY, Kim M, Lee KW. Dietary probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ56 modulates gut immunity and microbiota in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103505. [PMID: 38359769 PMCID: PMC10877954 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate supplementary effects of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ56 strain on laying performance, egg quality, intestinal histology, antioxidant status, gut immunity and microbiota in laying hens. A total of ninety-six 21-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly subjected to one of 2 dietary treatments: a control group fed a non-supplemented diet, or a probiotic group fed with a diet supplemented with 1 g of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ56 (5 × 108 CFU/kg of diet). The trial lasted for 4 wk. Egg weight was increased (P < 0.05) in laying hens fed probiotic-fed diet compared with the control group. Dietary probiotics did not affect egg quality except for Haugh unit, which was improved (P < 0.05) in the probiotic-fed group. Neither jejunal histology nor cecal short-chain fatty acids were affected by dietary treatments. Dietary probiotics increased the activity of catalase compared with the control group. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that dietary probiotics elevated the CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, in jejunal lamina propria. Based on the LEfSe analysis at the phylum and genus levels, Erysipelotrichales, Erysipelotrichia, Flintibater, Dielma, Hespellia, Coprobacter, Roseburia, Anaerotignum, and Coprococcus were enriched in the probiotic group compared with the control group. Taken together, our study showed that dietary probiotics could be used to improve some parameters associated with egg freshness and antioxidant capacity, and to partially alter T cell population and microbial community in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea; Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju 55365, South Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Woonhak Ji
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea; Institute for Future Earth, JYS Institute for Basic Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Biological Resources Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, South Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju 55365, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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Li L, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Guo S, Ding B, Zhang Z. Effects of a mixture of glycerol monolaurate and cinnamaldehyde supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, and antioxidant status in laying hens. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:2015-2022. [PMID: 37919879 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the effects of a mixture of glycerol monolaurate and cinnamaldehyde (GCM) supplementation on the laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and serum parameters of laying hens. A total of 1120 14-week-old Jingfen-1 strain laying hens with similar performance were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: control, and GCM groups supplemented with 250, 500, or 1000 mg kg-1 for 12 weeks. RESULTS Compared with the control group, GCM-supplemented groups significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the rate of unqualified eggs of laying hens aged 17-24 weeks. Supplementation of GCM significantly increased (P < 0.05) yolk color and serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity but decreased (P < 0.05) the hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) content in the serum of laying hens at the age of 20 weeks. Furthermore, groups supplemented with GCM showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in Haugh unit, yolk color, activities of total superoxide dismutase and GSH-Px, and the glucose content in serum, and a decrease (P < 0.05) in the content of urea nitrogen and H2 O2 and malondialdehyde in serum of laying hens at the age of 24 weeks. 500 mg kg-1 GCM supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the number of large white follicles and 1000 mg kg-1 GCM supplementation decreased the number of large yellow follicles in 28-week-old laying hens. CONCLUSION These results indicated that GCM supplementation has positive effects on reducing egg loss and improving egg quality in the early laying period of laying hens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Calid Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Binying Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengfan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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Wang Q, Li B, Wen Y, Liu Q, Xia Z, Liu H, He L, Zhang X, Deng Q, Miao Z, He Y. Effects of dietary supplementation of glycerol monolaurate on laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and immune function in late-phase laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103644. [PMID: 38507830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and immune function in late-phase laying hens. A total of 480 Hy-Line Variety Brown hens (age 54 wk) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments: the control group (basal diet) and 4 GML groups (basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg GML). Each treatment consisted of 8 replicates with 12 hens each and the trial lasted for 8 wk. The results showed that dietary inclusion of GML increased the ADFI in the entire experimental period and the average egg weight in wk 5 to 8 and wk 1 to 8 of the experiment (linear, P < 0.05). Dietary GML addition linearly increased albumen height, Haugh unit and yolk color, and quadratically increased eggshell thickness (P < 0.05). The serum SOD activity, T-AOC and IgG concentrations in the 200 mg/kg GML group, and GSH-Px activity in 200 and 300 mg/kg GML groups were increased, while the MDA concentration in 200 and 300 mg/kg GML groups was decreased than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The jejunal villus height and villus height: crypt depth in 300 mg/kg GML group were higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TLR4, IL-1β and TNF-α in spleen and jejunum decreased with the increase of dietary GML concentration (linear, P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary GML supplementation could improve egg quality, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and immune function in late-phase laying hens, and dietary 300 mg/kg GML inclusion is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yihang Wen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Qifan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ziyuan Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Liyuan He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xinyun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Qingqing Deng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Zhiguo Miao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yonghui He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
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Mohammadsadeghi F, Afsharmanesh M, Salarmoini M, Bami MK. Effects of replacing Na selenite in laying hen feed with selenized glucose on production performance, egg quality, egg selenium content, microbial population, immunological response, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acid composition. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103615. [PMID: 38503137 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of selenized glucose (SeGlu) and Na selenite supplementation on various aspects of laying hens such as production performance, egg quality, egg Se concentration, microbial population, antioxidant enzymes activity, immunological response, and yolk fatty acid profile. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, 168 laying hens at 27-wk of age were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 7 replications. Se source (Na selenite and SeGlu) and Se level (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) were used as treatments. When 0.3 mg SeGlu/kg was compared to 0.3 mg Na selenite/kg, the interaction findings revealed that 0.3 mg SeGlu/kg increased egg production percent and shell ash (P < 0.05). When compared to 0.3 mg Na selenite/kg, dietary supplementation with 0.3 and 0.6 mg SeGlu/kg resulted in an increase in albumen height, Haugh unit, and yolk color of fresh eggs (P < 0.05). SeGlu enhanced albumen height, Haugh unit, shell thickness (P < 0.01), albumen index, yolk share, specific gravity, shell ash (P < 0.05) of fresh eggs and shell thickness (P < 0.05) of stored eggs as compared to Na selenite. The interaction showed that 0.6 mg SeGlu/kg enhanced yolk Se concentration while decreasing malondialdehyde levels in fresh egg yolk (P < 0.05). SeGlu enhanced Se concentration in albumen and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma (P < 0.05) as compared to Na selenite. 0.6 mg Se/kg increased lactic acid bacteria, antibody response to sheep red blood cells, and lowered ∑n-6 PUFA/ ∑n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.05). As a result, adding SeGlu to the feed of laying hens enhanced egg production, egg quality, egg Se concentration, fresh yolk lipid oxidation, and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Mohammadsadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Afsharmanesh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Salarmoini
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khajeh Bami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Lu J, Zhang X, Wang Q, Ma M, Li YF, Guo J, Wang XG, Dou TC, Hu YP, Wang KH, Qu L. Effects of exogenous energy on synthesis of steroid hormones and expression characteristics of the CREB/StAR signaling pathway in theca cells of laying hen. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103414. [PMID: 38262338 PMCID: PMC10835437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy and the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)/steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) signaling pathway play important roles in steroid hormone production and follicular development in hens. This present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous energy on the synthesis of steroid hormones and the expression characteristics of the CREB/StAR signaling pathway in theca cells of laying hen. The primary theca cells of small yellow follicles were randomly divided into 6 treatments and cultured in medium with glucose concentrations of 1, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 mg/mL for 48 h. It was found that growth was robust and cell outlines were clear when cells were cultured with 1, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 mg/mL glucose, but cell viability was diminished and cell density decreased after exposure to glucose at 6 and 7.5 mg/mL for 48 h. Cell viability showed an increasing and then decreasing quadratic response to increasing glucose concentration in culture (r2 = 0.688, P < 0.001). The cell viability of theca cells cultured with 4.5 mg/mL glucose was greater than those cultured with 1, 1.5, 6, and 7.5 mg/mL glucose (P < 0.05). The concentration of estradiol in the medium containing 3 mg/mL glucose was higher than in medium containing 1, 1.5, and 6 mg/mL glucose (P < 0.05). There was an increasing and then decreasing quadratic correlation between progesterone concentrations and glucose concentrations (r2 = 0.522, P = 0.002). The concentration of progesterone in medium with 4.5 mg/mL glucose was higher than in medium with 1 and 7.5 mg/mL glucose (P < 0.05). There was an increasing and then decreasing quadratic correlation between the relative expression of CREB1 (r2 = 0.752, P < 0.001), StAR (r2 = 0.456, P = 0.002), CYP1B1 (r2 = 0.568, P < 0.001), and 3β-HSD (r2 = 0.319, P = 0.018) in theca cells of laying hens and glucose concentrations after treatment with different glucose concentrations for 48 h. After treatment with 4.5 mg/mL glucose, the expression of StAR, CYP1B1, and 3β-HSD genes were increased compared to treatment with 1, 1.5, 3, 6, and 7.5 mg/mL glucose (P < 0.001). There was an increasing and then decreasing quadratic correlation between glucose concentrations and protein expression of CREB1 (r2 = 0.819, P < 0.001), StAR (r2 = 0.844, P < 0.001), 3β-HSD (r2 = 0.801, P < 0.001), and CYP11A1 (r2 = 0.800, P < 0.001) in theca cells of laying hens. The protein expression of CREB1, StAR, and 3β-HSD in theca cells cultured with 4.5 mg/mL glucose was higher than in other groups (P < 0.001). The results indicate that the appropriate glucose concentration (4.5 mg/mL) can improve the synthesis of steroid hormones in theca cells of laying hens through the upregulation of key genes and proteins in the CREB/StAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - X Zhang
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225100, China
| | - Q Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - M Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Y F Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - J Guo
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - X G Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - T C Dou
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Y P Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - K H Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - L Qu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China.
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Ma X, Han X, Wang W, Zhang Q, Tang H. β-Catenin regulates ovarian granulosa cell cycle and proliferation in laying hens by interacting with TCF4. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103377. [PMID: 38301496 PMCID: PMC10846404 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicle development depends on the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells and is a complex biological process. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can regulate ovarian follicle development, and β-catenin, encoded by catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), is the core component of this pathway. Although several studies of the mechanisms by which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates cell proliferation in humans and mammals have reported, it remains unclear how β-catenin functions in poultry. To investigate the function of β-catenin in laying hens' follicle development, we evaluated the effect of CTNNB1 on cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) isolated from laying hens. We demonstrated that CTNNB1 significantly affected the expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-Myc) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), key genes related to cell cycle and proliferation, to promote cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase, and thus accelerate granulosa cell proliferation. CTNNB1 did not however affect apoptosis or the expression of related genes baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5) and BCL2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl-2). Overexpression of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF4) resulted in increased expression of CCND1, accelerated cell cycle progression, and granulosa cell proliferation. Direct physical interaction between β-catenin and TCF4 was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation. The proliferation of granulosa cells was inhibited by silencing CCND1; overexpression of TCF4 in CCND1-silenced cells restored their proliferation rate to normal levels. These results indicate that the interaction of TCF4 and β-catenin promotes CCND1 expression which in turn accelerates the cell cycle process of laying hen hierarchical follicular granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Wu Y, Zhang M, Meng F, Ren K, Li D, Luo X, Hu Y. Betaine supplementation alleviates corticosterone-induced hepatic cholesterol accumulation through epigenetic modulation of HMGCR and CYP7A1 genes in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103435. [PMID: 38232620 PMCID: PMC10827596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive corticosterone (CORT) exposure could cause hepatic cholesterol accumulation in chickens and maternal betaine supplementation could decrease hepatic cholesterol deposition through epigenetic modifications in offspring chickens. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether providing betaine to laying hens could protect CORT-induced hepatic cholesterol accumulation via epigenetic mechanisms. This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary betaine on plasma and hepatic cholesterol contents, expression of cholesterol metabolic genes, as well as DNA methylation on their promoters in the liver of laying hens exposed to CORT. A total of 72 laying hens at 130 d of age were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (CON), CORT, and CORT+betaine (CORT+BET) groups. The experiment lasted for 35 d. Chickens in CON and CORT groups were fed a basal diet, whereas the CORT+BET group chickens were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% betaine for 35 d. On d 28 of the experiment, chickens in CORT and CORT+BET groups received daily subcutaneous injections of CORT (4.0 mg/kg body weight), whereas the CON group chickens were injected with an equal volume of solvent for 7 d. The results showed that CORT administration led to a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the contents of cholesterol in plasma and liver, associated with activation (P < 0.05) of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) genes expression, and inhibition of cholesterol-7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) genes expression in the liver compared to the CON. In contrast, CORT-induced up-regulation of HMGCR mRNA and protein abundances and downregulation of CYP7A1 mRNA and protein abundances were completely normalized (P < 0.05) by betaine supplementation. Besides, CORT injection led to significant hypomethylation (P < 0.05) on HMGCR promoter and hypermethylation (P < 0.05) on CYP7A1 promoter. Moreover, dietary betaine rescued (P < 0.05) CORT-induced changes in methylation status of HMGCR and CYP7A1 genes promoters. These results indicate that dietary betaine addition protects laying hens from CORT-induced hepatic cholesterol accumulation via epigenetic modulation of HMGCR and CYP7A1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Fanchi Meng
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Ren
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Ding Li
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Hu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China.
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10
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Huang C, Hernandez CE, Wall H, Tahamtani FM, Ivarsson E, Sun L. Live black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae in feed for laying hens: effects on hen gut microbiota and behavior. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103429. [PMID: 38244264 PMCID: PMC10831256 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of including live black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae in the diet of laying hens on gut microbiota, and the association between microbiota and fearfulness. A total of 40 Bovans White laying hens were individually housed and fed 1 of 4 dietary treatments that provided 0, 10, 20%, or ad libitum daily dietary portions of live BSF larvae for 12 wk. Cecum microbiota was collected at the end of the experiment and sequenced. Behavioral fear responses to novel objects and open field tests on the same hens were compared against results from gut microbiota analyses. The results showed that the bacteria genera Enterococcus, Parabacteroides, and Ruminococcus torques group were positively associated with increased dietary portion of live larvae, while Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Subdoligranulum, and Butyricicoccus were negatively associated with larvae in the diet. Inclusion of larvae did not affect fear behavior, but the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae CHKCI001 and Erysipelatoclostridium was associated with fear-related behaviors. Further studies are needed to determine whether the change in gut microbiota affects fearfulness in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala 75007, Sweden; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Carlos E Hernandez
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Helena Wall
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | | | - Emma Ivarsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala 75007, Sweden.
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11
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Rentsch AK, Harlander A, Niel L, Siegford JM, Widowski TM. Raising laying hens: housing complexity and genetic strain affect startle reflex amplitude and behavioural response to fear-inducing stimuli. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231075. [PMID: 38511084 PMCID: PMC10951723 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Individual variation in fearfulness can be modified during ontogeny, and high levels of fear can affect animal welfare. We asked whether early-life environmental complexity and genetic strain affect fear behaviour in young laying hens (pullets). Four replicates of brown (B) and white (W) genetic strains (breeds) of layers were each raised in four environmental treatments (housing): conventional cages (Conv) and different rearing aviaries with increasing space and complexity (Low < Mid < High). We used a startle reflex test (weeks 4 and 14) to measure startle amplitude and autonomic response (i.e. comb temperature). A combination of novel arena (NA) and novel object (NO) tests was used (week 14) to assess NA exploration and alertness, latency to approach the centre and initial NO avoidance and investigation. Housing × strain affected startle amplitude (B-Conv, B-High < B-Low, B-Mid; B > W; no housing effect in W) but not autonomic response. Fear behaviour was affected by housing (NA exploration, investigation: Conv < Low, Mid, High; NO avoidance: Conv, High < Low, Mid), strain (NA alertness: B > W, NO avoidance: W > B) and their interaction (NA centre approach: B-Conv < all other groups). We present evidence for strain-specific fear responses depending on early experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K. Rentsch
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, OntarioN1G 2W1, Canada
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, OntarioN1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexandra Harlander
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, OntarioN1G 2W1, Canada
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, OntarioN1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lee Niel
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, OntarioN1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, OntarioN1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Janice M. Siegford
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI48824-1225, USA
| | - Tina M. Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, OntarioN1G 2W1, Canada
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, OntarioN1G 2W1, Canada
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12
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Tomaszewska E, Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A, Wojtysiak D, Dobrowolski P, Domaradzki P, Puzio I, Rudyk H, Brezvyn O, Muszyński S. ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate: A feed supplement influencing performance, bone metabolism, intestinal morphology, and muscle quality of laying hens: a preliminary one-point study. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103597. [PMID: 38471225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Laying hens, selectively bred for high egg production, often suffer from bone fragility and fractures, impacting their welfare and causing economic losses. Additionally, gut health and muscle quality are crucial for overall health and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on performance, bone metabolism, intestinal morphology, and muscle quality in laying hens. Forty-eight Bovans Brown hens were divided into a control group and an HMB-supplemented group (0.02% HMB in diet). The study spanned from the 31st to the 60th wk of age. Assessments included bone mechanical testing, serum hormonal analysis, histological analysis of bone and intestine, and muscle quality analysis. The HMB supplementation led to decreased feed intake without affecting body weight or laying rate in laying hens. It caused an increase in both mean daily and total egg weight, indicating improved feed utilization, without influencing the feed intake to egg weight ratio. Enhanced bone formation markers and altered intestinal morphometric parameters were observed, along with improved trabecular bone structure. However, no changes in measured other bone quality indices, including geometric, densitometric, or mechanical properties were observed. Muscle analysis revealed no significant changes in overall meat quality, except for a decrease in cholesterol content and alterations in the fatty acid profile, notably a reduction in total n-3 polyunsaturated and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In conclusion, although not all effects of HMB supplementation were unequivocally beneficial, the positive changes in performance data and trabecular bone microarchitecture support further research into various doses and durations of supplementation. Such studies are necessary to fully understand and optimize the benefits of HMB for enhancing the health and productivity of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwester Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Anna Arczewska-Włosek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Dorota Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Puzio
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Halyna Rudyk
- State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Brezvyn
- State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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13
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Ding W, Shangguan L, Li H, Bao Y, Noor F, Haseeb A, Sun P, Zhang H, Yin W, Fan K, Yang H, Zhang Z, Sun N. Dietary supplementation of osthole and icariin improves the production performance of laying hens by promoting follicular development. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103579. [PMID: 38430778 PMCID: PMC10920958 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Osthole (Ost) and icariin (Ica) are extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Cnidium monnieri and Epimedii Folium, respectively, and both exhibit estrogen-like biological activity. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of combining Ost with Ica on the production performance of laying hens and to explore their possible mechanisms. The production performance, egg quality, residues of Ost and Ica in eggs, serum reproductive hormone levels, expression of ovarian reproductive hormone receptor, proliferation of granulosa cells in small yellow follicles (SYF), and progesterone secretion in large yellow follicles (LYF) related genes and proteins expression were detected. The results showed that adding 2 mg/kg Ost + 2 mg/kg Ica to the feed increased the laying rate, average egg weight, Haugh unit, and protein height of laying hens. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone (P4) levels increased, and the expression of ovarian estrogen receptor (ER), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and progesterone receptor (PGR) mRNA was up-regulated. Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenesis acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) increased in LYF. Furthermore, mRNA and protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin E1, and cyclin A2 were up-regulated in SYF. The residues of Ost and Ica in egg samples were not detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Ost and Ica increased granulosa cells proliferation in SYF and increased P4 secretion in granulosa cells of LYF, ultimately improving the production performance of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ding
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Linhui Shangguan
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yinghui Bao
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China; Huanshan Group Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Fida Noor
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Huizhen Yang
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Sun
- Shanxi key laboratory for modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
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14
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Longchuphon M, Chongrattanameteekul P, Mektrirat R, Sringarm K, Tapingkae W, Srinual O, Huanhong K, Chaiphun W, Arjin C, Jaturasitha S, Lumsangkul C. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Extract for Promoting Flock Health and Performance in Late-Phase Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:515. [PMID: 38338157 PMCID: PMC10854664 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Caesalpinia sappan Linn Extract (CSE) on the health and productive performance of late-phase laying hens on farms. Proximate composition and antioxidant markers of CSE powder revealed favorable characteristics with high total dry matter; phenolic content, and antioxidant potency. Three hundred and sixty (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown hens were divided into five groups with 0 (control diet), 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg CSE, respectively. The laying performance and egg quality of the CSE supplementation groups demonstrated significant improvements in egg weight and albumin weight (p < 0.05), and a tendency for enhanced egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Additionally, the intestinal morphostructural indices in the 2000 mg CSE/kg diet group showed the greatest statistical significance (p < 0.05), with a detectable trend suggesting an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. In addition, significant downregulation of proinflammatory genes occurred in their liver tissues, coupled with a greater expression of genes linked to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the blood biochemical parameters and the organ weights may suggest a favorable safety profile of CSE supplementation. These findings highlight the potential of CSE as a dietary supplement to enhance the productive performance and flock health of late-phase laying hens. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of CSE supplementation for laying hens in farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methisa Longchuphon
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Peerawit Chongrattanameteekul
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Unit for Innovation in Responsible Food Production for Consumption of the Future (RIFF), Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Kiattisak Huanhong
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Wipasiri Chaiphun
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Chaiwat Arjin
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
- Research Unit for Innovation in Responsible Food Production for Consumption of the Future (RIFF), Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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15
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Kuwata N, Mukohda H, Uchida H, Takamatsu R, Binici MM, Yamada T, Sugiyama T. Renal Endocytic Regulation of Vitamin D Metabolism during Maturation and Aging in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:502. [PMID: 38338146 PMCID: PMC10854989 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Egg-laying hens undergo a specific and dramatic calcium metabolism to lay eggs with eggshells composed of calcium carbonate. Calcium metabolism is mainly regulated by vitamin D3. Although vitamin D3 metabolism is closely related to the deterioration of eggshell quality associated with aging and heat stress, the details of the mechanisms regulating vitamin D3 metabolism are not clear. In mammals, the vitamin D3 metabolite (25(OH)D3) produced in the liver binds to the vitamin binding protein (DBP), is subsequently taken up by renal proximal tubular cells via the endocytic receptors megalin (Meg) and cubilin (CUB), and is metabolized to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the expression and localization of Meg and CUB in the kidneys of immature chicks and mature and aged laying hens to prevent eggshell quality deterioration. As a result, we showed that as circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations increased from 156.0 ± 13.5 pg/mL to 815.5 ± 61.4 pg/mL with maturation in immature chicks, relative expression levels (arbitrary units; AU) of Meg and CUB mRNA in the kidneys of mature hens significantly increased 1.92- and 2.75-fold, respectively, compared to those in immature chicks. On the other hand, the Meg mRNA expression levels of mature hens did not change with age, while CUB mRNA expression levels (1.03 ± 0.11 AU) were significantly decreased compared to mature hens (2.75 ± 0.24 AU). Immunohistochemical observations showed that Meg and CUB proteins were localized to the apical membrane of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in immature chicks, mature hens, and aged hens, and that DBP protein was observed as granular endosomes in the cytoplasm of proximal tubular cells from the apical membrane to the cell nucleus. Especially in mature hens, the endosomes were larger and more numerous than those in immature chicks. In contrast, in aged hens, DBP-containing endosomes were smaller and limited to the apical cytoplasm. These results indicate that with maturation, the expression of Meg and CUB is promoted in the renal proximal tubules of laying hens, facilitating the uptake of the 25(OH)D3-DBP complex and its conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3, and regulating calcium metabolism in eggshell formation. On the other hand, it is suggested that the age-related decrease in CUB expression suppresses the uptake of the 25(OH)D3-DBP complex in the kidney, resulting in a deterioration of eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Kuwata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Hatsune Mukohda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Hiroto Uchida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Ryo Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Muhammet Mustafa Binici
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan;
| | - Toshie Sugiyama
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan;
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16
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Azizollahi M, Ghasemi HA, Foroudi F, Hajkhodadadi I. Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on performance, egg quality, yolk fatty acid composition, and nutrient digestibility of aged laying hens fed diets with varying substitution levels of corn with low-tannin sorghum. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103297. [PMID: 38104413 PMCID: PMC10765105 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in diets containing varying levels of corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum (LTS) for laying hens in the later stage of production. In a 12-wk study, a total of 288 laying hens at 52 wk of age were divided into 6 treatment groups. Each treatment group had 8 replicates, each of which consisted of 6 hens. A 2 × 3 factorial design was used to investigate the impact of substituting corn with LTS at 3 levels (100% corn, 50% LTS, and 100% LTS) with 2 doses of GAA supplementation (0 and 0.6 g/kg). The results indicate that there were interaction effects (P < 0.05) between diet type and GAA supplementation on protein digestibility and AMEn, with the GAA supplement being more effective in the 100% LTS group. Replacing corn with LTS at both levels had no negative effects on performance and metabolic profile. In contrast, the 100% LTS diet increased monounsaturated fatty acids in the yolk (P < 0.05), but decreased the yolk color index, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the yolk, ileal digestibility of energy, and AMEn when compared to the 100% corn diet (P < 0.05). Regardless of the diet, dietary supplementation with GAA resulted in increases (P < 0.05) in shell-breaking strength, the PUFA to SFA ratio in egg yolk, and concentrations of creatine and nitric oxide in serum. There was also a decrease (P < 0.05) in serum malondialdehyde concentration with GAA supplementation. In conclusion, the positive effects of GAA on protein digestibility and AMEn were found to be more pronounced when corn was completely replaced with LTS. However, the positive effects of GAA on egg-laying performance, eggshell quality, antioxidant status, and yolk fatty acid composition remained consistent regardless of the extent to which corn was substituted with LTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azizollahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran.
| | - Farhad Foroudi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
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Grebey TC, Swanson JC, Widowski TM, Tempelman RJ, Siegford JM. Variation in litter occupancy and dust bathing patterns among layer strains following periods of litter restriction. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103322. [PMID: 38100940 PMCID: PMC10762471 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Producers are moving toward cage-free systems to house laying hens. These include aviary styles with multilevel wire enclosures and litter areas on the floor. In aviaries with doors hens can be confined within the tiered enclosure, which can be done to promote oviposition in nests and prevent hens from laying eggs in litter. However, there are multiple genetic strains of laying hen used in the egg industry, and some show different temporal patterns for key behaviors that could affect when they want to be on litter. For example, though dust bathing by laying hens is typically considered to peak in early afternoon, there may be variation in timing of motivation to dust bathe among strains. Differences in hens' temporal patterns, coupled with aviary configurations or management practices, may restricts birds' ability to perform important behaviors, such as dust bathing (DB), when they would most prefer to do them. Our objective was to determine if there were strain differences in the temporal pattern of DB. We examined the timing of DB in 4 strains of laying hen (Hy-Line Brown [HB], Bovans Brown [BB], DeKalb White [DW], and Hy-Line W36 [W36]) housed in aviaries using 144 hens of each strain per aviary unit (4 units/strain). We recorded the number of hens DB and on litter using instantaneous scan sampling every 5 min using video collected at 26 and 28 wk of age beginning at 11:35 (when litter access began each day) to 20:00 (lights off). Brown strains acclimated to litter access more slowly than white strains. Hens of all strains DB most often soon after gaining access to litter, and more white hens (DW and W36) DB simultaneously and in the presence of more conspecifics. Further examination of diurnal rhythm of behaviors, such as dust bathing, under unconstrained conditions by a range of genetic strains of laying hens is needed to design management practices and aviary styles that best meet hens' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa C Grebey
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Janice C Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tina M Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert J Tempelman
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Janice M Siegford
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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18
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Li Y, Mu T, Li R, Miao S, Jian H, Dong X, Zou X. Effects of different selenium sources and levels on the physiological state, selenoprotein expression, and production and preservation of selenium-enriched eggs in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103347. [PMID: 38150828 PMCID: PMC10788287 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (i.e., Se) is a trace element that is vital in poultry nutrition, and optimal forms and levels of Se are critical for poultry productivity and health. This study aimed to compare the effects of sodium selenite (SS), yeast selenium (SY), and methionine selenium (SM) at selenium levels of 0.15 mg/kg and 0.30 mg/kg on production performance, egg quality, egg selenium content, antioxidant capacity, immunity and selenoprotein expression in laying hens. The trial was conducted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, and a total of 576 forty-three-wk-old Hyland Brown laying hens were randomly assigned into 6 treatment groups, with diets supplemented with 0.15 mg Se/kg and 0.3 mg Se/kg of SS, SY and SM for 8 wk, respectively. Results revealed that SM increased the laying rate compared to SS and SY (P < 0.05), whereas different selenium levels had no effect. Organic selenium improved egg quality, preservation performance, and selenium deposition compared to SS (P < 0.05), while SY and SM had different preferences for Se deposition in the yolk and albumen. Also, organic selenium enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immune functions of laying hens at 0.15 mg Se/kg, whereas no obvious improvement was observed at 0.30 mg Se/kg. Moreover, SY and SM increased the mRNA expression of most selenoproteins compared to SS (P < 0.05), with SM exhibiting a more pronounced effect. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs), selenoprotein K (SelK), selenoprotein S (SelS), and antioxidant and immune properties. In conclusion, the use of low-dose organic selenium is recommended as a more effective alternative to inorganic selenium, and a dosage of 0.15 mg Se/kg from SM is recommended based on the trail conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianming Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sasa Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huafeng Jian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Molenaar RJ, Dijkman R, Ter Veen C, Heuvelink A, van Kaam F, Augustijn M, Feberwee A. A Salmonella Pullorum outbreak with neurological signs in adult layers and outbreak investigation using whole genome sequencing. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:44-55. [PMID: 37800359 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2268027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Cerebral granulomas are associated with nervous signs in Salmonella Pullorum outbreak.Bone marrow is also a recommended tissue for isolation of Salmonella Pullorum.Rapid plate agglutination test detects Pullorum antibodies in a vaccinated flock.Phylogenetic analysis showed clonality of isolates within the outbreak.
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20
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Pirzado SA, Liu G, Purba MA, Cai H. Enhancing the Production Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Laying Hens by Augmenting Energy, Phosphorous and Calcium Deficient Diets with Fungal Phytase ( Trichoderma reesei) Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:376. [PMID: 38338019 PMCID: PMC10854802 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A ten-week trial was conducted to evaluate the enhancement of production performance and nutrient utilization of laying hens through augmenting energy, phosphorous, and calcium deficient diets with fungal phytase (Trichoderma reesei) supplementation. 720 Hy-line Brown hens aged 28 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups; each group had 8 replicates of 18 hens. Five experimental diets were prepared and fed to corresponding groups. A positive control (PC) diet contained 3.50% of calcium (Ca), 0.32% of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and apparent metabolic energy (AME) of 11.29MJ/kg, while a negative control (NC) diet contained 3.30% of Ca, 0.12% of NPP, and lower AME of 300 kJ/kg. The other three diets were supplemented with 250 FTU/kg phytase (PHY-250), 1000 FTU/kg phytase (PHY-1000), and 2000 FTU/kg phytase (PHY-2000) in addition to a regular NC diet. Results indicated that the positive control (PC) diet group had higher body weight gain, egg weight, and average daily feed intake. However, laying rate, egg mass, and FCR were most improved in the PHY-2000 group, followed by the PHY-1000 and PHY-250 groups (p < 0.05). Improved yolk color was most notable in laying hens fed the diet with PHY-1000 as opposed to the PC and NC groups (p < 0.05), but no overall difference was found among all of the phytase treated groups. The apparent availability of dry matter, energy, phosphorus, and phytate P was significantly higher in the PHY-2000 group than in the PC and NC groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the PC group, nitrogen retention was significantly higher in the PHY-1000 group, while calcium availability was higher in the PHY-250 group. The results suggested that the addition of phytase to diets with low P, Ca, and AME improved laying performance and apparent availability of dietary nutrients. Thus, it was concluded that the laying hen diet could be supplemented with 1000-2000 FTU/kg phytase for improving laying production and nutrient availability and mitigating the negative impact of reduced nutrient density in laying hen diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.A.P.); (M.A.P.); (H.C.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Guohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.A.P.); (M.A.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Muhammad Adanan Purba
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.A.P.); (M.A.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Huiyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.A.P.); (M.A.P.); (H.C.)
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21
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Farooq M, Abd-Elsalam RM, Ratcliff N, Hassan MSH, Najimudeen SM, Cork SC, Checkley S, Niu YD, Abdul-Careem MF. Comparative pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus Massachusetts and Delmarva (DMV/1639) genotypes in laying hens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1329430. [PMID: 38313768 PMCID: PMC10834656 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1329430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious and acute viral disease of chicken caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of the family Coronaviridae. Even with extensive vaccination against IB by the poultry industry, the occurrence of new IBV genotypes is a continuous challenge encountered by the global poultry industry. This experiment was designed to compare the pathogenicity of two IBV strains belonging to Massachusetts (Mass) and Delmarva DMV/1639 genotypes. Specific pathogen-free laying hens were challenged during the peak of production (30 weeks), keeping a mock-infected control group. During 21 days of observation following infection, a significant drop in egg production with miss-shaped and soft shells was observed in the DMV/1639 IBV-infected hens only. The DMV/1639 IBV infected group showed prolonged and higher cloacal viral shedding compared with the Mass IBV-infected group. At the end of the study (21 days post-infection), the viral genome loads in the respiratory, urogenital, and immune tissues were significantly higher in the DMV/1639 IBV-infected group compared with the Mass IBV-infected group. Macroscopic lesions such as distorted ova leading to egg peritonitis were observed only in the DMV/1639 IBV-infected group. Moreover, microscopic lesion scores were significantly higher in the lung, kidney, cecal tonsils, and oviduct of the DMV/1639 IBV-infected group compared with the Mass IBV-infected group. Finally, the apoptosis index in the kidney, ovary, magnum, isthmus, and shell gland was significantly higher in the DMV/1639 IBV-infected group compared with the control and Mass-infected groups. This study examined the pathogenicity of two IBV genotypes that are impacting the layer industry in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Health Research Innovation Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Health Research Innovation Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Natalya Ratcliff
- Health Research Innovation Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohamed S H Hassan
- Health Research Innovation Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shahnas M Najimudeen
- Health Research Innovation Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susan C Cork
- Health Research Innovation Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sylvia Checkley
- Health Research Innovation Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yan Dong Niu
- Health Research Innovation Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Health Research Innovation Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Anderson MG, Johnson AM, Harrison C, Arguelles-Ramos M, Ali A. Impact of Perch Provision Timing on Activity and Musculoskeletal Health of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:265. [PMID: 38254433 PMCID: PMC10812542 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Laying hens can experience a progressive increase in bone fragility due to the ongoing mobilization of calcium from bones for eggshell formation. Over time, this escalates their susceptibility to bone fracture, which can reduce their mobility and cause pain. The provision of perches as an exercise opportunity could potentially enhance bone strength, but the timing of exposure to perches during the birds' development may modulate its impact. The objective of this study was to investigate the enduring impacts of perch provision timing on the musculoskeletal health of laying hens. A total of 812 pullets were kept in different housing conditions (seven pens/treatment, 29 birds/pen) with either continuous access to multi-tier perches from 0 to 40 weeks of age (CP), no access to perches (NP), early access to perches during the rearing phase from 0 to 17 weeks of age (EP), or solely during the laying phase from 17 to 40 weeks of age (LP). At weeks 24, 36, and 40 of age (n = 84 birds/week), three birds per pen were monitored for individual activity level, and blood samples were collected from a separate set of three birds per pen to analyze serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) as markers of bone demineralization. At 40 weeks of age, three birds per pen (n = 84) were euthanized for computed tomography scans to obtain tibial bone mineral density (BMD) and cross-sectional area (CSA) with further analysis including muscle deposition, tibial breaking strength, and tibial ash percent. During week 24, hens from CP, EP, and LP pens had the highest overall activity compared to hens from NP pens (p < 0.05) with no differences between treatments for overall activity level during weeks 36 or 40 (p > 0.05). During weeks 24, 36, and 40, hens from CP and LP pens showed greater vertical and less horizontal activity compared to hens from EP and NP pens (p < 0.05). TRACP-5b and CTX-I concentrations did not differ between treatments at week 24 of age (p > 0.05). Hens from CP pens had the lowest TRACP-5b and CTX-I concentrations at 36 weeks of age with EP and LP hens showing intermediate responses and NP hens having the highest concentration (p < 0.05). At 40 weeks of age, CP hens had the lowest TRACP-5b and CTX-I concentrations compared to NP hens (p < 0.05). Total bone CSA did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05), but CP had greater total BMD than NP (p < 0.05) with no differences between EP and LP treatments. CP and LP hens had larger biceps brachii, pectoralis major, and leg muscle groups as well as greater tibial breaking strengths than EP and NP treatments (p < 0.05). CP hens had higher tibial ash percentages compared to EP, LP, and NP (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that providing continuous perch access improves the musculoskeletal health and activity of laying hens at 40 weeks of age compared to no access and that late access to perches has a beneficial impact on activity, muscle deposition, and bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory G. Anderson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (M.G.A.); (A.M.J.); (C.H.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Alexa M. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (M.G.A.); (A.M.J.); (C.H.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Cerano Harrison
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (M.G.A.); (A.M.J.); (C.H.); (M.A.-R.)
- South Carolina Translational Research Improving Musculoskeletal Health Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Mireille Arguelles-Ramos
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (M.G.A.); (A.M.J.); (C.H.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (M.G.A.); (A.M.J.); (C.H.); (M.A.-R.)
- Animal Behavior and Management, Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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23
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Wei Y, Liu Y, Li G, Guo Y, Zhang B. Effects of quercetin and genistein on egg quality, lipid profiles, and immunity in laying hens. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:207-214. [PMID: 37552763 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the peak laying stage, laying hens become susceptible to lipid accumulation and inflammatory reactions. The objective of this experiment was to examine the impact of quercetin and genistein on egg quality and lipid profiles in laying hens. A total of 240 Hy-Line Brown hens were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments. Each treatment had eight replicates, with ten hens in each replicate, and the hens were aged between 46 and 56 weeks. The test diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 300 mg kg-1 quercetin, and a basal diet supplemented with 300 mg kg-1 quercetin and 40 mg kg-1 genistein. RESULTS Results showed that, separately, supplemental quercetin significantly improved egg quality (eggshell strength, albumen height, and Haugh unit, P < 0.05) and reduced the deposition of abdominal fat (P < 0.05). Our findings also showed that, separately or as a combination, supplemental quercetin and genistein significantly increased eggshell thickness (P < 0.05), decreased the levels of lipids in serum (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids, P < 0.05) and significantly increased serum immunoglobulins A and G (P < 0.05), and promoted the expression of splenic immune-related genes (IgA and IL-4, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study confirmed that supplemental quercetin and genistein, either separately or in combination, can enhance eggshell thickness, lipid profiles, and immune function in aging hens. Moreover, both quercetin alone and quercetin + genistein exhibited similar abilities to lower lipid levels and improve immune function. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfa Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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24
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Ezzat W, Mahrose KM, Rizk AM, Ouda MMM, Fathey IA, Othman SI, Allam AA, Rudayni HA, Almasmoum HA, Taha AE, Felemban SG, Tellez-Isaias G, Abd El-Hack ME. Impact of β-glucan dietary supplementation on productive, reproductive performance and physiological response of laying hens under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103183. [PMID: 37931401 PMCID: PMC10654246 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration for effective in-feed additives is growing owing to the global climatic change trend to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress in laying hens. This research assessed the potential of using B-glucan (G) as an antiheat stress agent in Matrouh laying hens subjected to early heat shock programs during the growing period. Factorial design (3 × 3) was used, including 3 levels of heat stress (control, heat shock at 3 d and at 3 d and 8 wk of age) and 3 levels of β-glucan (0, 100, and 200 mg β-glucan /kg diet). During the first 12 wk of egg production (EP), treatments were exposed to heat challenge. The results revealed that heat shock program applications at 3 d and 8 wk of age significantly decreased body weight at 36 wk of age (P < 0.05) and reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake (FI). While significantly (P < 0.05) improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), hemoglobin, RBCs, WBCs, immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and Heat shock protein (HSP70) of the Liver (P < 0.01) as compared with the control group. At the same time, there was a decrease in lymphocyte%, H/L ratio, cortisol, and T3 compared to the thermo-neutral control. When compared to the control group, hens fed a diet containing 200 mg of βG significantly (P < 0.05) improved body weight at 16 wk and final weight at 36 wk, feed conversion (FCR) (g. feed/g. egg mass), hen-day egg production, and egg mass, as well as the digestibility coefficients of crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM), metabolizable energy (ME), and cortisol. The interactions between heat chock programs and βG levels were nonsignificant for the most studied traits except daily feed intake. Therefore, the early heat shock exposure 2 times and supplementation of Β-glucan (βG) at 200 mg/kg diet during the growth period for laying hens that are exposed to heat stress during the reproductive period could improve productive, reproductive performance, HSP70 level and enhance immunity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Ezzat
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Mahrose
- Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Rizk
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Magdy M M Ouda
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Fathey
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Sarah I Othman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211 Egypt
| | - Hassan A Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah A Almasmoum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Shatha G Felemban
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701 USA
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Liu W, Liu J, Li D, Han H, Yan H, Sun Y, Lei Q, Wang J, Zhou Y, Cao D, Li H, Li F. Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 on egg quality, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbial community of laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103224. [PMID: 37980753 PMCID: PMC10658386 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) SNK-6 supple-mentation on the laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbial community of laying hens. A total of 432 healthy 30-wk-age laying hens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates under the same husbandry and dietary regimes: control (CON); 2.0 × 108 CFU/kg L. salivarius supplementation (T1); 2.0 × 109 CFU/kg L. salivarius supplementation (T2). The experiment lasted for 10 wk. The results indicated that the supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in the broken egg and unqualified egg ratios, and a significant increase in the eggshell strength, eggshell relative weight, albumen height, and Haugh units (P < 0.05). The L. salivarius-treated hens exhibited significantly reduced serum malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05); significantly increased total protein, phosphorus, calcitonin, and immunoglobulin M (P < 0.05); significantly increased cecal secretory immunoglobulin A concentration (P < 0.05); significantly improved villus height (VH) in the duodenum and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The serum globulin and interleukin-1β, immunoglobulin G concentrations, and catalase activity significantly increased in T2 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the serum interferon-α level in T1 was significantly higher than that of the CON (P < 0.05). The intestinal barrier-related mRNA gene ZO-1, CLDN1, and MUC2 expression in the jejunum was significantly upregulated in the T1 and T2 groups (P < 0.05). The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher and the relative abundances of Flavonifractor and Clostridiales_noname were significantly higher in the T1 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with L. salivarius SNK-6 may improve hen egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Haixia Han
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxia Lei
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Dingguo Cao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China.
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Polat İ, Şen B, Onurdağ FK. Salmonella enterica serotypes isolated for the first time in laying hens, and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103180. [PMID: 37980729 PMCID: PMC10685019 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a total of 323 drag swab samples were taken from laying hen fresh feces from 3 different provinces (Kırklareli, Edirne, and Tekirdağ), which are located in the European part of Türkiye. According to the ISO 6579: 2002 method, 17.3% of the samples were found positive for Salmonella. Obtained 56 Salmonella isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination using antisera according to Kauffmann White Le Minor Scheme. Sixteen serotypes of Salmonella were identified as S. Typhimurium (28.6%), S. Kentucky (17.9%), S. Abony (16.1%), S. Infantis (8.9%), S. Enteritidis (5.4%), S. Anatum (3.6%), S. Saintpaul (3.6%), S. Szentes (1.8%), S. Dibra (1.8%), S. Fallowfield (1.8%), S. Kimuenza (1.8%), S. Escanaba (1.8%), S. Nagoya (1.8%), S. Mbandaka (1.8%), S. Agona (1.8%), and Salmonella II 17: e, n, x, z15: 1,6 (1.8%). Isolations of S. Kimuenza, S. Escanaba, and S. Nagoya from laying hens are reported for the first time in Türkiye. The isolations of S. Dibra, S. Fallowfield, S. Szentes, and Salmonella II 17: e, n, x, z15: 1,6 from laying hens are the first report in the world. A total of 56 Salmonella isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefepime, azithromycin, cefoxitin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole by the disk diffusion method. While 10% of S. Kentucky isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, and S. Kimuenza was only resistant to chloramphenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Polat
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Burhan Şen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Fatma Kaynak Onurdağ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Türkiye.
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Wen K, Zhang K, Gao W, Bai S, Wang J, Song W, Zeng Q, Peng H, Lv L, Xuan Y, Li S, Xu M, Ding X. Effects of stevia extract on production performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and gut health of laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103188. [PMID: 37980742 PMCID: PMC10665936 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of stevia extract on production performance, serum immune indexes, intestinal structure, and cecum microbial structure. We randomly divided eight hundred 46-wk-old Roman hens into 5 groups, with 8 replicates in each group and 20 chickens in each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, whereas the 4 experimental groups were fed 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg stevia extracts. The study period was 24 wk. The addition of different concentrations of the stevia extract to the diet resulted in significant secondary changes in the egg production rate at 1 to 12 wk (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of 50 and 100 mg/kg stevia extract to the diet significantly increased serum IgM and IgG levels in laying hens (P < 0.05) but linearly decreased serum IL-1β levels (P < 0.05). Serum T-SOD activity linearly increased (P = 0.057); however, serum biochemical indexes showed no significant differences. Stevia extract tended to increase the ratio of the duodenal villi height to the depth of the crypt (P = 0.067), with no obvious lesions in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In addition, stevia extract increased the relative abundance of species at the phylum level, with the abundance of Bacteroides and Firmicutes exhibiting significant secondary changes (P < 0.05). The ACE and Chao1 indexes suggested that stevia extract addition significantly increased the alpha diversity of cecum microorganisms in laying hens. Furthermore, NMDS analysis based on operational taxonomic units revealed that stevia extract addition increased the beta diversity of cecum microorganisms in laying hens. Adding a certain amount of stevia extract to feed can improve the production performance, immune ability, and intestinal health of laying hens to some extent, and we recommend an effective level of 200mg/kg of stevia extract for laying hen diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimei Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Chenguang Biological Technology Group Co, Ltd., Handan 057250, China; Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 057250, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weiguang Song
- Chenguang Biological Technology Group Co, Ltd., Handan 057250, China; Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 057250, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huanwei Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Lv
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Meili Xu
- Chenguang Biological Technology Group Co, Ltd., Handan 057250, China; Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 057250, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
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Isa AM, Sun Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Yuan J, Ni A, Ma H, Shi L, Tesfay HH, Zong Y, Wang P, Ge P, Chen J. Transcriptome analysis of ovarian tissues highlights genes controlling energy homeostasis and oxidative stress as potential drivers of heterosis for egg number and clutch size in crossbred laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103163. [PMID: 37980751 PMCID: PMC10684806 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterosis is the major benefit of crossbreeding and has been exploited in laying hens breeding for a long time. This genetic phenomenon has been linked to various modes of nonadditive gene action. However, the molecular mechanism of heterosis for egg production in laying hens has not been fully elucidated. To fill this research gap, we sequenced mRNAs and lncRNAs of the ovary stroma containing prehierarchical follicles in White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red chickens as well as their reciprocal crossbreds that demonstrated heterosis for egg number and clutch size. We further delineated the modes of mRNAs and lncRNAs expression to identify their potential functions in the observed heterosis. Results showed that dominance was the principal mode of nonadditive expression exhibited by mRNAs and lncRNAs in the prehierarchical follicles of crossbred hens. Specifically, low-parent dominance was the main mode of mRNA expression, while high-parent dominance was the predominant mode of lncRNA expression. Important pathways enriched by genes that showed higher expression in crossbreds compared to either one or both parental lines were cell adhesion molecules, tyrosine and purine metabolism. In contrast, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PPAR signaling, and ferroptosis were enriched in genes with lower expression in the crossbred. Protein network interaction identified nonadditively expressed genes including apolipoprotein B (APOB), transferrin, acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member (APOBEC) 3, APOBEC1 complementation factor, and cathepsin S as hub genes. Among these potential hub genes, APOB was the only gene with underdominance expression common to the 2 reciprocal crossbred lines, and has been linked to oxidative stress. LncRNAs with nonadditive expression in the crossbred hens targeted natriuretic peptide receptor 1, epidermal differentiation protein beta, spermatogenesis-associated gene 22, sperm-associated antigen 16, melanocortin 2 receptor, dolichol kinase, glycine amiinotransferase, and prolactin releasing hormone receptor. In conclusion, genes with nonadditive expression in the crossbred may play crucial roles in follicle growth and atresia by improving follicle competence and increasing oxidative stress, respectively. These 2 phenomena could underpin heterosis for egg production in crossbred laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Mani Isa
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yanyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aixin Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hailai Hagos Tesfay
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Panlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pingzhuang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kim JH, Ko JW, Kim JW, Jeong JS, Kim CY, Shin IS, Kim TW. Oral bioavailability and egg drug residue of lincomycin in laying hens after different treatment. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103147. [PMID: 37931394 PMCID: PMC10654221 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lincomycin (LCM) is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections in livestock and companion animals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the oral bioavailability of LCM with PK data after IV and PO administration and to compare differences in drug residue patterns in eggs. To ensure food safety, an additional study on egg residue was conducted using 3 different commercial LCM drugs. For bioavailability study, laying hens were divided into oral and intravenous (n = 8/group) groups and received single dose (10 mg/kg) of LCM. The limits of quantification for LCM were 0.729 μg/mL and 0.009 mg/kg in plasma and eggs, respectively. The oral group exhibited a significantly lower average serum drug concentration than the IV group, with a bioavailability of 2.6%. Furthermore, the egg residue profiles confirmed reduced systemic drug exposure after oral administration. For the commercial LCM drug egg residue experiment, laying hens were divided into low- and high-dose groups (n = 12/group) for each drug and treated with the recommended dosage and administration method for each respective drug. The eggs were collected and analyzed until 14 d after the last drug treatment. Despite differences in the LCM content and formulation among commercial drugs, all the tested commercial drugs showed average concentrations below the MRL in eggs within approximately 3 d after the last drug treatment. In this study, we have confirmed that LCM has a low oral absorption rate in laying hens, and this was consistent with the findings from the egg residue profiles. Further studies are requested to elucidate the exact reasons for evidently low oral drug absorption in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Kim
- Center of Inhalation Toxicology, Jeongeup Campus, KIT, Jeongeupsi, Jelabukdo 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea.
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Wurtz KE, Herskin MS, Riber AB. Water deprivation in poultry in connection with transport to slaughter-a review. Poult Sci 2023; 103:103419. [PMID: 38484564 PMCID: PMC10950878 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry are deprived of water when transported to slaughter, beginning shortly prior to catching of the first bird and lasting through catching and loading, the journey on the vehicle, time spent in lairage, and up until time of death. Our aim was to review existing knowledge on variables which may be useful in determining the length of time that poultry may go without water in connection with transport before their welfare begins to deteriorate. During transport, it is likely that birds experience a motivation to drink, which may transition into the negative emotional state of thirst if water is unavailable. Determining when drinking motivation reaches a threshold where welfare is negatively impacted is challenging. In the absence of water, birds may over time experience dehydration which may be detected through physiological indicators as their body attempts to maintain homeostasis. In poultry, plasma osmolality, arginine vasotocin, and chloride have been suggested as being most suitable for assessing dehydration resulting from periods of water deprivation that correspond with typical transport durations, due to their particular sensitivity during this period. While initial dehydration may not be associated with negative emotional states, it is likely that it eventually leads to discomfort, but additional behavioral and motivational studies are necessary to infer when this begins. Impacts of thermal conditions, genetics, and the condition of the individual bird on the development of a dehydrated state were also assessed, though more information is needed to fully understand these interactions. With the available literature, this review concludes that total transport (i.e., from the initial deprivation from water until time of slaughter) durations of longer than 6 h are likely associated with measurable physiological indicators of dehydration and may potentially be associated with negative emotional states, although more research is needed to clarify this. Current available knowledge and assessment tools are not sufficient to detect the degradation of welfare derived from thirst itself, which should be further examined to protect poultry welfare during transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Wurtz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - M S Herskin
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - A B Riber
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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31
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Nakamura A, Kobayashi K, Miyakawa H, Kansaku N. Effects of the Calls and Presence of Roosters on Egg Incubation Behavior of Nagoya Laying Hens. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023030. [PMID: 38130890 PMCID: PMC10727690 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The incubation behavior of the Japanese Nagoya chicken breed is a commercial issue because it often causes a sudden and sharp drop in egg production. In this study, whether the incidence of incubation behavior in Nagoya laying hens was associated with calls and the presence of roosters in the same laying house was investigated. Four experiments were conducted using commercial layer-type Nagoya hens where the hatching time of the experimental birds and the treatment order in the presence of males were changed . In Experiment 1, the proportion of incubation behavior in the presence of roosters kept in another pen located between pen-rearing hens (51.3%) was higher than that in their absence (15.9%) or with only rooster calls (23.8%). In Experiments 2, 3, and 4, the proportion of incubation behavior in the presence of roosters (47.3%, 33.3%, and 37.9%, respectively) was higher than that in their absence (33.3%, 17.4%, and 25.6%, respectively). In all experiments, approximately 70% of the incubating hens observed in the absence of roosters exhibited incubation behavior, even in the presence of roosters. Therefore, the presence of roosters may enhance egg incubation behavior in Nagoya laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakamura
- Animal Husbandry
Research Division, Aichi Agricultural Research
Center, Yazakosagamine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1193,
Japan
| | - Keizou Kobayashi
- Animal Husbandry
Research Division, Aichi Agricultural Research
Center, Yazakosagamine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1193,
Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Miyakawa
- Animal Husbandry
Research Division, Aichi Agricultural Research
Center, Yazakosagamine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1193,
Japan
| | - Norio Kansaku
- Laboratory of
Animal Genetics and Breeding, Azabu University,
Fuchinobe, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201,
Japan
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Kim JW, Kim DH, Jeong JS, Kim JH, Kim CY, Ko JW, Kim TW. Pharmacokinetic profiles and egg residue patterns of levamisole in laying hens at two dosing rates and two routes of administration. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103146. [PMID: 37865046 PMCID: PMC10616546 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The levamisole maximum residue limit for edible fat, kidney, and muscle of chickens is 0.01 mg/kg. However, no maximum residue limit has been established for eggs. In the present study, the pharmacokinetic profile and levamisole residue in the eggs from laying hens were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A single dose of levamisole (30 mg/kg) was administered via the intramuscular or oral route, and an additional egg residue study was performed with 300 or 600 mg/kg commercial LEV drug (30 or 60 mg/kg as levamisole) orally. The limit of quantification was 0.0056 μg/mL and 0.0015 mg/kg for plasma and eggs, respectively. The plasma concentration was below the limit of quantification 10 and 12 h after intramuscular and oral administration, respectively. The half-life of the absorption phase was comparable between the intramuscular and oral routes, which was approximately 1 h, and the mean maximum concentration value was significantly higher in intramuscular (2.29 ± 0.30 μg/mL) than in oral (1.45 ± 0.38 μg/mL) route. The relative oral bioavailability after intramuscular administration was 92.3%. In the egg residue study, dose-dependent area under concentration and maximum concentration were observed after single oral administration of 30 and 60 mg/kg egg residue, and the calculated withdrawal period for both 30 and 60 mg/kg groups based on the positive list system standard (0.01 mg/kg) was 7 d after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea.
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Rahman MM, Islam MS, Hasan R, Saha P, Alam MS. Spirulina supplementation to alleviate negative effects of lead in layer chicken. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:794-800. [PMID: 38370881 PMCID: PMC10868704 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lead (Pb), a toxic heavy metal, is a serious concern for poultry that negatively affects their productivity and health. To combat those issues efficiently, it is necessary to include feed supplements that have rich antioxidant properties for satisfactory health and productivity. Spirulina platensis (Sp), a microalgae, is a compound that provides several health benefits for humans and animals. This study explores that supplementation of Sp in diet as well as in water reduces the burden of Pb in different tissues, improves hematology, and improves the productive performance of advanced-age laying hens. Materials and methods Forty birds were separated into four groups: the control (C), Spirulina (Sp), Pb, and (Pb + Sp) groups. The Pb group was given Pb acetate at a dose of 2 gm/l in water ad libitum for 4 weeks. Sp group was fed Sp at a dose of 4 gm/kg feed. The Pb + Sp group was given Pb and Sp as in the previous groups. Results Productive performance and hematology such as hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) concentration, and MCH were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Pb-treated groups compared to controls. The distribution of Pb concentration was highest in the bones and lowest in the gizzard. However, Sp treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased the productive performance and the hematological parameters. Moreover, Pb concentration in different organs significantly decreased in the group treated with Sp. Conclusion This study indicates that Sp can possibly be used as a natural and powerful dietary additive to mitigate heavy metal intoxication in chickens, thereby being efficient and effective for production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Rakibul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Pritam Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shah Alam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Ribeiro GC, Mogollón-García HD, Moraes ACID, Dias GS, Viana GDB, Milbradt EL, Andreatti-Filho RL, Okamoto AS. Research Note: The effects of a Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 15009-derived postbiotic mitigating Salmonella Gallinarum colonization in commercial layer chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103095. [PMID: 37832187 PMCID: PMC10568553 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of a Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 15009-derived postbiotic in mitigating experimental Salmonella Gallinarum infection. For this purpose, a sample of Lactobacillus sp. was inoculated in 2 different media, each containing different postbiotics (sensitized and nonsensitized). Both inocula had their antagonistic effect over S. Gallinarum tested through the spot-on-the-lawn method. It revealed that the sensitized postbiotic had a higher action potential over Lactobacillus sp. than the nonsensitized one (P < 0.05). Then, 48 day of hatch chicks were divided into 4 groups: A = Lactobacillus sp. (109 CFU/mL) inoculum on the 18th day; B = Lactobacillus sp. (109 CFU/mL) inoculum on the 18th day and postbiotic inoculum on the 19th day; C = postbiotic inoculum on the 19th day; and D = sterile saline inoculum on 18th and 19th days. On the 21st day, all chicks were infected with S. Gallinarum (109 CFU/mL). On the 23rd day, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and the ceca and liver were aseptically removed. Bacterial count of S. Gallinarum with serial decimal dilution was performed with these organs. It revealed that the prophylactic treatment with the postbiotic that modulates the intestinal microbiota was as efficient as the probiotic administration in reducing S. Gallinarum in the cecum and liver of chicks (P < 0.05). These data point to a new range of alternatives for preventing S. Gallinarum, which might help the poultry industry produce safer food for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Costa Ribeiro
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the São Paulo State University (FMVZ/ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Carolina Izidoro de Moraes
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the São Paulo State University (FMVZ/ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Silva Dias
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the São Paulo State University (FMVZ/ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Brito Viana
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the São Paulo State University (FMVZ/ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisane Lenita Milbradt
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the São Paulo State University (FMVZ/ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Lucio Andreatti-Filho
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the São Paulo State University (FMVZ/ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Sakai Okamoto
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the São Paulo State University (FMVZ/ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Feng J, Ma H, Yue Y, Wang L, Hao K, Zhang Y, Li J, Xiang Y, Min Y. Saikosaponin a ameliorates diet-induced fatty liver via regulating intestinal microbiota and bile acid profile in laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103155. [PMID: 37871490 PMCID: PMC10598744 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome is a widespread metabolic disease in laying hens that decreases egg production and even causes death in severe cases. Many traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, such as saikosaponin a (SSa), have been shown to alleviate fatty liver, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the alleviation of dietary SSa on excessive hepatic lipid deposition and the interactions between intestinal microbiota and bile acid (BA) in laying hens. Fifty-four 35-wk-old laying hens were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates (3 birds per replicate) and fed with a basal diet (CON), high-energy and low-protein diet (HELP), and HELP diet with 30 mg/kg SSa (HELP + SSa). SSa reversed diet-induced egg production rate decrease (P < 0.05). SSa could potently ameliorate HELP-induced accumulation of hepatic cholesterol and liver injury via the increase (P < 0.05) of mRNA expression of BA synthesis gene, such as cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase 1. SSa treatment alleviated gut dysbiosis, especially reducing (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Turicibacter. Ileal BA metabolomic analysis revealed that SSa increased (P < 0.05) the content of tauro-conjugated BAs, mainly taurochenodeoxycholic acid and tauro-α-muricholic acid. The mRNA expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and fibroblast growth factor 19 were decreased (P < 0.05) in intestine, which was associated with increased gene expression of enzymes in the BA synthesis that reduced the levels of cholesterol. Moreover, SSa treatment inhibited intestinal BA reabsorption via decreasing (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. Our findings indicated that SSa reduced liver cholesterol accumulation and alleviated fatty liver in laying hens through microbiota-BA-intestinal FXR crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanrui Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keyang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Li
- Tongchuan City Health Supervision Institute, Tongchuan 629000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujun Xiang
- Tongchuan City Health Supervision Institute, Tongchuan 629000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Nam JH, Han GP, Kim DY, Kwon CH, Kil DY. Effect of dietary glycine supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, stress response, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens raised under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103101. [PMID: 37826904 PMCID: PMC10571020 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The current experiment aimed to investigate the effect of dietary glycine (Gly) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, stress response, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens raised under heat stress (HS) conditions. A total of two hundred eighty 24-wk-old Lohmann Brown-Lite laying hens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates. The negative control (NC) diet was prepared to meet or exceed the nutrient and energy requirement for Lohmann Brown laying hens, whereas the positive control (PC) diet was formulated to increase AMEn by 100 kcal/kg compared with the NC diet. Two additional diets were prepared by supplementing 0.341% and 0.683% Gly to the NC diet. All hens were exposed to cyclic HS at 31.4 ± 1.17°C for 8 h/d and 26.7 ± 1.10°C for the remaining time for a 12-wk trial. Results indicated that increasing supplementation of Gly in diets tended (linear, P = 0.088) to decrease the FCR of laying hens. Increasing supplementation of Gly in diets increased (linear, P < 0.05) eggshell lightness and decreased (linear, P < 0.05) egg yolk color. Moreover, a tendency for a quadratic association (P < 0.10) of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations with increasing supplementation of Gly was observed. Increasing supplementation of Gly in diets decreased (linear, P < 0.05) blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio of laying hens. Hens fed the NC diet showed higher fatty liver incidence (P < 0.05) than those fed the PC diet, but increasing supplementation of Gly decreased (linear, P < 0.05) fatty liver incidence of laying hens. In conclusion, increasing supplementation of Gly up to 0.683% in diets decreases FCR, stress response, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens raised under HS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hun Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ppeum Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Yu H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang R, Bao J, Zhang R. Effects of dustbathing environment on gut microbiota and expression of intestinal barrier and immune-related genes of adult laying hens housed individually in modified traditional cage. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103097. [PMID: 37769487 PMCID: PMC10542639 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Litters, the composition of sand and peat rich in microbiota, are essential to trigger the dustbathing behavior of chickens. To investigate the effects of a dustbathing environment (DE) on the intestinal health, gut microbiota, and immune responses of laying hens, a total of 72 healthy Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 69 wk of age (WOA) were housed individually in modified traditional cages and randomly divided into 2 groups: one group had free access to litters (CT), while the other one was restricted from litters (CC). The experiment lasted for 42 d. At the end of the experiment, the intestinal histomorphology and immune status of laying hens were determined, and the 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to assess the composition of the intestinal microbial community of birds. Intestinal histomorphology changed, including villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio significantly increased in the CT group (P < 0.01). DE reshaped the microbial community and increased the microbial richness with the higher indicators of Chao1 and observed species and the comparatively abundant beta diversity (P < 0.05). Ten genera, including Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus, declined in laying hens from the CT group (P < 0.05), while Alistipes increased in CT hens (P < 0.05) compared to those hens from the CC group. The expression levels of intestinal barrier-related genes of claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, ZO-1, and ZO-2 and immune-related genes of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, IgA, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were significantly upregulated in the intestine of laying hens in CT group (P < 0.05). DE also increased the serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and IgA (P < 0.01). The alteration of the gut microbiota by DE is closely related to host immune responses, including Lactobacillus positively correlated with IL-4 and IgA. Thus, a dustbathing environment can improve the welfare of laying hens by changing the intestinal histomorphology, immune response, and the gut microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Ye Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 150030 Harbin, China.
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Miao Q, Tang C, Yang Y, Zhao Q, Li F, Qin Y, Zhang J. Deposition and bioconversion law of β-carotene in laying hens after long-term supplementation under adequate vitamin A status in the diet. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103046. [PMID: 37708765 PMCID: PMC10502406 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene, because it is the precursor of vitamin A and has versatile biological roles, has been applied as a feed additive in the poultry industry for a long time. In this study, we investigated the deposition and bioconversion of β-carotene in laying hens. A total of 600 Hy-line brown laying hens at 40 wk of age were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments, each group's dietary supplemental levels of β-carotene were 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg/kg feed, and the vitamin A levels were all 8,000 IU/kg. After 14-wk trial, samples were collected, then carotenoids and different forms of vitamin A were detected using the novel method developed by our laboratory. We found that dietary β-carotene treatment had no significant effects on laying hens' production performance and egg quality (P > 0.05), except the yolk color. The deposition of β-carotene in the body gradually increased (P < 0.01) with the supplemental dose, whereas the contents of lutein and zeaxanthin decreased (P < 0.05). When the β-carotene supplemental level was above 30 mg/kg in the diet, the different forms of vitamin A in in serum, liver, ovary, and yolks were increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, these indicators decreased when the additional dose was 120 mg/kg. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the genes involved in β-carotene absorption, bioconversion, and negative feedback regulation in duodenal mucosa and liver were upregulated after long-term feeding (P < 0.05). Histological staining of the ovaries indicated that the deposition of β-carotene led to a lower rate of follicle atresia (P < 0.05), and this positive effects may be related to the antioxidant function of β-carotene, which caused a reduction of oxidation products in the ovary (P < 0.05). Altogether, β-carotene could accumulate in laying hens intactly and exert its biological functions in tissue. Meanwhile, a part of β-carotene could also be converted into vitamin A but this bioconversion has an upper limit and negative feedback regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Han GP, Kim JH, Lee JH, Kim HW, Kil DY. Research Note: Effect of increasing fat supplementation in diets on productive performance, egg quality, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens throughout the entire laying cycle. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103069. [PMID: 37722275 PMCID: PMC10514073 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing fat supplementation in diets on productive performance, egg quality, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens during the entire laying cycle. A total of three hundred eighty-four 18-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 8 replicates for a 52-wk feeding trial. Each replicate comprised 16 consecutive cages with 1 hen per cage. The experimental diets were prepared by supplementing 0, 1.5, or 3.0% tallow to a basal diet, but all nutrients and energy in 3 diets were formulated to be equalized according to the recommended nutrient and energy concentrations at each phase of laying hens. Results indicated that increasing fat supplementation in diets decreased (linear, P < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR) by increased egg mass (linear, P < 0.05) but decreased feed intake (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) in laying hens during overall periods. Increasing fat supplementation in diets decreased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) egg yolk color during overall periods. Increasing fat supplementation in diets had no effects on liver color and hemorrhagic score measured at 60 wk (phase 3) and 70 wk of age (phase 4) without affecting hepatic fat concentrations during overall periods. However, the relative abdominal fat weight in laying hens was increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) during overall periods by increasing fat supplementation in diets. In conclusion, increasing fat supplementation up to 3.0% in diets improves FCR with no impacts on fatty liver incidence and economics in laying hens throughout the entire laying cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Ppeum Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Youssef IM, Khalil HA, Jaber FA, Alhazzaa RA, Alkholy SO, Almehmadi AM, Alhassani WE, Al-Shehri M, Hassan H, Hassan MS, Abd El Halim HS, El-Hack MEA, Youssef KM, Abo-Samra MA. Influence of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation on hematological characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, immune response and histological state of laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103071. [PMID: 37734356 PMCID: PMC10518593 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on the immune system, hematological traits, blood biochemical parameters, and histological state of laying hens. At 34 wk of age, The Mandarah chicken strain's 120 laying hens and 12 cocks were divided into 4 groups, each with 30 hens and 3 cocks. The first group performed as a control group, which nourished on a basal diet. The second, third, and fourth experimental groups received 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg of MOS and a base diet, respectively. Birds obtained MOS at numerous doses significantly (P ˂ 0.05) raised serum levels of immunoglobulin Y (IgY), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and avian influenza (AI) antibodies compared to control birds. Furthermore, adding MOS at a level of 0.1 g/kg diet significantly improved the immune response of the control group. Additionally, compared to the control group, treated birds with MOS at various dosages did not significantly enhance hematological parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Compared to control birds, birds fed MOS at all levels exhibited considerably lower serum cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values. Also, compared to other treated birds, MOS-treated birds displayed improved histological examination of the small intestine, isthmus, and testis compared to the control group, particularly in birds fed MOS at 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg diet. It could be concluded that using MOS at 0.1 or 2 g/kg diet can successfully improve the physiological performance and overall health of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Khalil
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha A Alhazzaa
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah O Alkholy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, P.O. BOX. 715. 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif M Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, P.O. BOX. 715. 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa E Alhassani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, P.O. BOX. 715. 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Hassan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy S Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Haiam S Abd El Halim
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Khaled M Youssef
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Maher A Abo-Samra
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Hong GAT, Tobalske BW, van Staaveren N, Leishman EM, Widowski TM, Powers DR, Harlander-Matauschek A. Reduction of wing area affects estimated stress in the primary flight muscles of chickens. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230817. [PMID: 38034124 PMCID: PMC10685109 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In flying birds, the pectoralis (PECT) and supracoracoideus (SUPRA) generate most of the power required for flight, while the wing feathers create the aerodynamic forces. However, in domestic laying hens, little is known about the architectural properties of these muscles and the forces the wings produce. As housing space increases for commercial laying hens, understanding these properties is important for assuring safe locomotion. We tested the effects of wing area loss on mass, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), and estimated muscle stress (EMS) of the PECT and SUPRA in white-feathered laying hens. Treatments included Unclipped (N = 18), Half-Clipped with primaries removed (N = 18) and Fully-Clipped with the primaries and secondaries removed (N = 18). The mass and PCSA of the PECT and SUPRA did not vary significantly with treatment. Thus, laying hen muscle anatomy may be relatively resistant to changes in external wing morphology. We observed significant differences in EMS among treatments, as Unclipped birds exhibited the greatest EMS. This suggests that intact wings provide the greatest stimulus of external force for the primary flight muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. T. Hong
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Bret W. Tobalske
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Nienke van Staaveren
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Emily M. Leishman
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Tina M. Widowski
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Donald R. Powers
- Department of Biology, George Fox University, 414N Meridian St, Newberg, OR 97132, USA
| | - Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
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Gharagozloo A, Kheiri F, Nasr J, Faghani M. Effect of pomegranate seed oil on egg production, egg quality and yolk fatty acid deposition in laying hen. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2755-2762. [PMID: 37846975 PMCID: PMC10650374 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) contains punicic acid as well as conjugated linolenic acid isomers, including α-eleostearic and catalpic acids, along with phytosterols, especially β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, with lipotropic impact and egg fortifying effect in laying hens. OBJECTIVES The present experiment was designed to examine the effects of PSO on egg production, egg quality, blood lipids and yolk fatty acid deposition in laying hens. METHODS A total of 360 Hy-line laying hens (w-80), at 25 weeks of age, were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design during a 10-week period. Experimental treatments consisted of a basal diet or supplementation of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g PSO/kg to basal diet. Performance indicators and fatty acid composition of egg yolk were evaluated during different experimental periods. Blood lipid attributes were evaluated at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Dietary supplementation of 4 g PSO/kg feed increased daily feed intake and egg production rate of laying hens (p < 0.05). There was not any significant influence of experimental treatments on egg quality, whereas an increasing trend observed in egg yolk colour of hens received dietary graded levels of PSO. Dietary supplemental 4 g/kg PSO increased the proportion of yolk poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the PUFA to saturated fatty acid ratio increased after dietary supplementation of 1 or 4 g/kg PSO (p < 0.05). Serum concentration of cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein decreased in response to the supplementation of more than 3 g PSO/kg in the feed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 4 g/kg PSO improved production rate and decreased blood lipids in laying hens. Moreover, dietary supplemental PSO modified yolk fatty acid deposition without detrimental effects on the egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gharagozloo
- Department of Animal ScienceShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Farshid Kheiri
- Department of Animal ScienceShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Javad Nasr
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureSaveh BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySavehIran
| | - Mostafa Faghani
- Department of Animal ScienceShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
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Ciarelli C, Pillan G, Bordignon F, Xiccato G, Birolo M, Trocino A. Space use and navigation ability of hens at housing in the aviary for the laying phase: effect of enrichment with additional perches and genotype. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102962. [PMID: 37683449 PMCID: PMC10498002 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that increased availability of perches could favor the adaptation and navigation ability of pullets of different genotypes at housing in a new aviary system for the laying phase. To this purpose, 900 Lohmann White-LSL and 900 Hy-line Brown were randomly allocated at 17 wk of age in 8 pens of an experimental aviary, according to a bifactorial arrangement with 2 genotypes (Brown vs. White) × 2 types of pens (enriched or not enriched with additional perches besides those of the aviary). Data collected between 17 and 20 wk of age showed that the enrichment with additional perches decreased the use of the aviary perches while the rate of successful landings/take-offs was unaffected. As for the effect of genotype, during the night a lower rate of hens on the floor (0.15 vs. 6.63%) and a higher rate of hens on the additional perches (2.47 vs. 0.98%) was found in White compared to Brown hens (P < 0.001); the former hens also used the third tiers for sleeping on the aviary uppermost perches (P < 0.001). During the day, White hens used more the third tier (32.8 vs. 15.6%; P < 0.001) and the additional perches (3.88 vs. 0.91%; P < 0.01) compared to Brown hens, while they stood less on the floor (18.3 vs. 22.6%; P < 0.05). White hens performed a significantly higher number of landings (80.7 vs. 21.9; P < 0.001) and of take-offs (74.3 vs. 10.0; P < 0.001) per pen compared to Brown hens. The risk of unsuccessful landings was higher in Brown compared to White hens (odd ratio: 6.65; 95% confidence interval: 4.36-10.1; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the enrichment with additional perches played a major role in hen distribution and space use than in their navigation ability. At the same time, the significant differences between the 2 genotypes call for a careful evaluation of the aviary design and animal management to optimize welfare at housing and possibly productive results of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ciarelli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Pillan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - F Bordignon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - M Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Trocino
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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Samper-Cativiela C, Prieto ME, Collado S, De Frutos C, Branscum AJ, Saez JL, Alvarez J. Risk Factors for Salmonella Detection in Commercial Layer Flocks in Spain. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3181. [PMID: 37893905 PMCID: PMC10603648 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trends in Salmonella human infections are assumed to be related to the distribution of the pathogen in the animal reservoir/food products, and cases in humans are most often linked to poultry and poultry products (eggs, meat). Therefore, ongoing Salmonella national control programs (NCPs) in European Union Member States have the objective of monitoring and reducing its prevalence in commercial poultry flocks. Results from NCPs have shown certain factors (housing systems, season of sampling and if sampling is conducted by food business operators (FBOps) or competent authorities (CAs), among others) can influence detection rates, but associations are often not consistent. Here, we analyzed data from the Spanish NCP on 7216 laying hen flocks subjected to 36,193 sampling events over a six-year period to characterize its performance and identify variables influencing detection rates. Overall, 1205 sampling events were positive for Salmonella spp. (any serovar) and 132 for S. Enteritidis-S. Typhimurium/monophasic. Bayesian multivariable models adjusting for multiple covariates concluded that sampling events later in the year, in caged flocks with older animals and conducted by CAs had increased odds of positivity for Salmonella spp., revealing aspects linked with a differential estimation of Salmonella levels in laying hen flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Samper-Cativiela
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Soledad Collado
- Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 28010 Madrid, Spain (S.C.)
| | - Cristina De Frutos
- Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 28010 Madrid, Spain (S.C.)
| | - Adam J. Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 28010 Madrid, Spain (S.C.)
| | - Julio Alvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Byrne L, Ross S, Taylor-Pickard J, Murphy R. The Effect of Organic Trace Mineral Supplementation in the Form of Proteinates on Performance and Sustainability Parameters in Laying Hens: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3132. [PMID: 37835739 PMCID: PMC10571535 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of supplementing organic trace minerals (OTM), in the form of mineral proteinates (Bioplex® Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA), in the diets of laying hens was examined using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) statistical software. The impact on production performance, egg quality traits, and sustainability parameters related to the carbon footprint of egg production was assessed. Data were obtained from 32 global studies, comprising 107 dietary assessments of 30,992 laying hens. Overall pooled effect size (raw mean difference) of production performance when dietary organic trace minerals were supplemented either in basal diets, partial replacement of inorganic trace minerals (ITM), or total replacement of ITM, indicated that use of Bioplex minerals resulted in 2.07% higher hen-day production (HDP), whilst feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower by 51.28 g feed/kg egg and 22.82 g feed/dozen eggs, respectively. For egg quality traits, daily egg mass was 0.50 g/hen/day higher and egg weight was 0.48 g per egg greater when Bioplex minerals were incorporated in the diet. The mean difference in egg loss was -0.62%. Eggshell thickness was greater by 0.01 mm, and a higher eggshell strength of 0.14 kgf was observed. Eggshell weight was heavier by 0.20 g, eggshell percentage was higher by 0.15%, and Haugh unit was 1 point higher (0.89). We also carried out a meta-regression of the effects of the study factors (location, year of study, hen breed/strain, age of hens, number of hens, and study duration) on the overall pooled effect size of the production performance and egg quality traits in response to supplementary OTM inclusion, and it indicated that certain factors had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the results. Finally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) model was selected to evaluate the impact of feeding organic trace mineral proteinates on the carbon footprint (feed and total emission intensities) of the egg production using the data generated from the meta-analysis. Results showed that the inclusion of OTM proteinates resulted in an average drop in feed and total emission intensities per kg eggs of 2.40% and 2.50%, respectively, for a low-global-warming-potential (GWP) diet and a drop of 2.40% and 2.48% for feed and total emissions, respectively, based on high-GWP diet. Based on the overall results, the inclusion of organic trace mineral proteinates in layer diets can benefit production performance and egg quality traits while contributing to a lower carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurann Byrne
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland (R.M.)
| | - Stephen Ross
- Alltech E-CO2, Ryhall Road, Stamford PE9 1TZ, UK
| | - Jules Taylor-Pickard
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland (R.M.)
| | - Richard Murphy
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland (R.M.)
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Li J, Chang X, Chen X, Ma R, Qi R, Liu W, Li Y, Wan Y, Qiu Q, Shao Q, Liu A, Zhan K. Effects of green tea powder on production performance, egg quality, and blood biochemical parameters in laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102924. [PMID: 37542941 PMCID: PMC10407902 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of green tea powder (GTP) on laying performance, egg quality, and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens. A total of 240 Jingfen No. 6 laying hens (age, 24 wk) were randomly allocated into 4 groups: control group (CON, basal diet), GTP0.5, GTP0.75, and GTP1.0 (basal diet included 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% GTP, respectively). Each group has 5 replicates with 12 birds each. The feeding trial lasted 8 wk. The results showed that the hen-day egg production rate in GTP0.5 and GTP 0.75 group was higher than that of GTP1.0 group (P < 0.05), hen-day egg production rate in the GTP1.0 group was lower compared to the CON group (P > 0.05), the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the GTP0.75 group was lower than that in CON and GTP 1.0 group (P < 0.05) during the entire experimental period. Albumen height and Haugh unit were higher in the GTP0.75 and GTP1.0 group compared to the CON group at d 56 (P < 0.05). At the end of experiment, plasma TG content in the GTP0.75 and GTP1.0 group was lower than that in the CON group (P < 0.05), the T-CH concentration in the GTP0.5 and GTP0.75 group was lower compared to the CON group (P < 0.05), plasma LDL-C and CORT concentrations were decreased by dietary GTP supplementation (P < 0.05), the HDL-C and BUN concentrations in the GTP0.75 and GTP1.0 group were higher than that in the CON group (P < 0.05). The antibody titers of H5N1 in the GTP0.75 and GTP1.0 group, and H7N9 in the GTP1.0 group were lower than that in the CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary GTP inclusion could affect laying performance, regulate lipid metabolism, and have no favorable influence on antibody titers of H5N1 and H7N9, herein, dietary 0.5% GTP inclusion is suggested for Jingfen No. 6 laying hens during the peak laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xueling Chang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China
| | - Xiangming Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruiyu Ma
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Renrong Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yan Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qinqin Qiu
- Anhui Ningqing Tea Co., Ltd., Xuancheng 245300, China
| | - Qiance Shao
- Anhui Ningqing Tea Co., Ltd., Xuancheng 245300, China
| | - Aiqiao Liu
- Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 101206, China
| | - Kai Zhan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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Mohammadsadeghi F, Afsharmanesh M, Salarmoini M, Bami MK. The effect of replacing sodium selenite with selenium-chitosan in laying hens on production performance, egg quality, egg selenium concentration, microbial population, immunological response, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acid composition. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102983. [PMID: 37598554 PMCID: PMC10458345 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate into the effects of Se-chitosan and Na selenite supplementation on laying hen production performance, egg quality, egg Se concentration, microbial population, immunological response, antioxidant enzymes activity, and yolk fatty acid profile. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, 168 27-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups and 7 replications. Se source (Na selenite and Se-chitosan) and Se level (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) were used as treatments. Se-chitosan enhanced egg production percentage and egg mass (P < 0.05) when compared with Na selenite. There was an interaction, with 0.6 mg Se-chitosan/kg causing an increase in albumen height, Haugh unit, albumen index, and shell thickness of fresh eggs (P < 0.05). Se-chitosan increased yolk share, yolk color, and shape index of fresh eggs and shape index, albumen index, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color, shell thickness, and specific gravity of stored eggs (P < 0.05). The interaction showed that, 0.6 mg Se-chitosan/kg increased albumen Se concentration and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in fresh egg yolk compared with 0.3 and 0.6 mg Na selenite/kg (P < 0.05). When compared with Na selenite, Se-chitosan increased the Se concentration in the yolk and decreased level of MDA in stored egg yolk (P < 0.01). When compared with Na selenite, Se-chitosan reduced coliforms (P < 0.01), increased lactic acid bacteria, and the lactic acid bacteria/coliform ratio (P < 0.05). Se-chitosan supplementation increased antibody response to sheep red blood cells and IgM titers and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in plasma (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with Na selenite, supplementing diets with Se-chitosan decreased ∑ n-6 PUFA/∑ n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Se-chitosan supplementation of laying hen feed improved production performance, egg quality, egg Se concentration, yolk lipid oxidation, microbial population, immune response, antioxidant enzymes activity, and yolk fatty acid profile, with 0.6 mg Se-chitosan/kg supplementation being optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Mohammadsadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, 7616913439
| | - Mohsen Afsharmanesh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, 7616913439.
| | - Mohammad Salarmoini
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, 7616913439
| | - Mohammad Khajeh Bami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, 7616913439
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Lu J, Wang Q, Wang KH, Ma M, Wang XG, Guo J, Dou TC, Hu YP, Li YF, Yang Z, Qu L. Effects of energy restriction during growing phase on the productive performance of Hyline Brown laying hens aged 6 to 72 wk. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102942. [PMID: 37566966 PMCID: PMC10432841 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of energy-restricted feeding during growing phase on the productive performance of Hyline Brown laying hens aged 6 to 72 wk. A total of 720 six-week-old layer chicks were allocated equally to 3 groups with 6 replicates of 40 pullets each, and were fed 1 of 3 diets that were nutritionally similar except for the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) content. At the age of 6 to 17 wk, the pullets in the control group were given diet with 2,850 kcal/kg AMEn, and were fed ad libitum. The levels of AMEn in diet of pullets in the experimental groups were 90% (2,565 [2,850 × 90%] kcal/kg) and 80% (2,280 [2,850 × 80%] kcal/kg) of that in control group, and the daily amount of feed was restricted to the absolute quantity of the diet consumed by pullets in control group. At the age of 18 to 72 wk, all the hens were fed with the same diets ad libitum. As energy restriction increased in the growing phase, body weight (BW) dropped at the ages of 12 and 15 to 23 wk (at 23 wk: P = 0.001; at other ages: P < 0.001), but it showed no significant difference at 24 wk (P = 0.071). At 20 wk, restricting energy induced a delay in the development of sexual organs, including the ovary stroma, oviduct, and small yellow follicle (P < 0.05), as well as a delay in sexual maturity (P < 0.05). Consequently, the laying rate in the first and second periods dropped linearly (P = 0.046, 0.030, and 0.038, P < 0.001, respectively). The coefficient of variation (CV) in the BW at 19, 20, and 21 wk (P = 0.040, 0.023, and 0.042, respectively), the CV of age at first egg (P < 0.001), and CV of individual egg number at age 18 to 72 wk (P < 0.001) decreased linearly. There was a linear increase in the laying rate of hens in the later periods (at age 32-72 wk, P < 0.05), as well as in the average total egg number per hen and average laying rate at the age of 18 to 72 wk (P = 0.006). The average egg mass also showed a linear increase with increasing levels of energy restriction (P < 0.001). In summary, although appropriate energy restriction during growing phase delayed sexual maturity and sexual organ development in early-laying Hyline Brown pullets, it improved uniformity of BW, age at first egg laying, and individual egg number, and increased egg number per hen, laying rate, average egg mass, and number of settable eggs from 18 to 72 wk of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China; Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Q Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - K H Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - M Ma
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - X G Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - J Guo
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - T C Dou
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Y P Hu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Y F Li
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Z Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - L Qu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.
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Elkin RG, Harvatine KJ. A review of recent studies on the enrichment of eggs and poultry meat with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: novel findings and unanswered questions. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102938. [PMID: 37572619 PMCID: PMC10428063 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies from our laboratory over the past decade have yielded new information with regard to the dietary enrichment of eggs and poultry meat with omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but have also generated a number of unanswered questions. In this review, we summarize the novel findings from this work, identify knowledge gaps, and offer possible explanations for some perplexing observations. Specifically discussed are: 1) Why feeding laying hens and broilers an oil rich in stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 n-3), which theoretically bypasses the putative rate-limiting step in the hepatic n-3 PUFA biosynthetic pathway, does not enrich egg yolks and tissues with very long-chain (VLC; ≥20 C) n-3 PUFA to the same degree as obtained by feeding birds oils rich in preformed VLC n-3 PUFA; 2) Why in hens fed an SDA-rich oil, SDA fails to accumulate in egg yolk but is readily incorporated into adipose tissue; 3) How oils rich in oleic acid (OA; 18:1 n-9), when co-fed with various sources of n-3 PUFA, attenuates egg and tissue n-3 PUFA contents or rescues egg production when co-fed with a level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) that causes severe hypotriglyceridemia; and 4) Why the efficiency of VLC n-3 PUFA deposition into eggs and poultry meat is inversely related to the dietary content of α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 n-3), SDA, or DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Elkin
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Korver DR, Park SH, Costello MK, Olson EG, Saunders-Blades JL, Ricke SC. Research Note: Preliminary assessment of the impact of dietary yeast products on egg production and cecal microbial profiles of laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102934. [PMID: 37499614 PMCID: PMC10393788 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to conduct an initial comparison of commercial yeast products in layer hen diets on egg production parameters and the corresponding impact on the cecal microbiota. A short-term feeding study was conducted with 35 laying hens receiving either a control, or 1 of 4 different yeast fermentation products, Immunowall, Hilyses (both from ICC, São Paulo, Brazil), Citristim (ADM, Decatur, IL), and Maxi-Gen Plus (CBS Bio Platforms, Calgary, Canada) with 7 hens per treatment from 40 to 46 wk of age. At the end of the trial, hens were euthanized, the ceca removed and prepared for denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) microbial compositional analyses. Although initial shell weight and shell thickness were similar among the treatment groups, hens fed Hilyses had lower shell weight and thickness at the end of the experiment. The most predominant DGGE bands with the strongest intensity were identified as Lactobacillus species and excised double bands were identified as Bacillus, Clostridium, or Lachnospiraceae. In this short-term feeding trial, the commercial yeast products tested had little effect on egg production and shell quality, and only moderately impacted the composition of mature layer hen cecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5.
| | - S H Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - M K Costello
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - E G Olson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - J L Saunders-Blades
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - S C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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