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Conti V, Romi M, Parri S, Aloisi I, Marino G, Cai G, Cantini C. Morpho-Physiological Classification of Italian Tomato Cultivars ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) According to Drought Tolerance during Vegetative and Reproductive Growth. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1826. [PMID: 34579359 PMCID: PMC8468351 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation is fundamental for agriculture but, as climate change becomes more persistent, there is a need to conserve water and use it more efficiently. It is therefore crucial to identify cultivars that can tolerate drought. For economically relevant crops, such as tomatoes, this purpose takes on an even more incisive role and local agrobiodiversity is a large genetic reservoir of promising cultivars. In this study, nine local Italian cultivars of tomatoes plus four widely used commercial cultivars were considered. These experienced about 20 d of drought, either at vegetative or reproductive phase. Various physio-morphological parameters were monitored, such as stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A), water use efficiency (WUE), growth (GI) and soil water content (SWC). The different responses and behaviors allowed to divide the cultivars into three groups: tolerant, susceptible, and intermediate. The classification was also confirmed by a principal component analysis (PCA). The study, in addition to deepening the knowledge of local Italian tomato cultivars, reveals how some cultivars perform better under stress condition than commercial ones. Moreover, the different behavior depends on the genotype and on the growth phase of plants. In fact, the Perina cultivar is the most tolerant during vegetative growth while the Quarantino cultivar is mostly tolerant at reproductive stage. The results suggest that selection of cultivars could lead to a more sustainable agriculture and less wasteful irrigation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Sara Parri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Marino
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudio Cantini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Bioeconomy (CNR-IBE), 58022 Follonica, Italy;
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Faraone I, Russo D, Ponticelli M, Candido V, Castronuovo D, Cardone L, Sinisgalli C, Labanca F, Milella L. Preserving Biodiversity as Source of Health Promoting Compounds: Phenolic Profile and Biological Activity of Four Varieties of Solanum lycopersicum L. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10030447. [PMID: 33653010 PMCID: PMC7996799 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a precious source of specialized metabolites with a great role in human health. Many varieties of tomatoes characterize the south of Italy’s agronomic production and biodiversity, thanks to its warm temperatures and favorable weather. The preservation of biodiversity is a major goal of recent years, as each variety shows a peculiar phytochemical profile and provides a wide variety of metabolites with health-beneficial properties. Among the wide range of tomato varieties, literature focused on the most commercially-known types, including San Marzano and Datterino, while this study considered typical South Italy varieties for the first time, as well as Crovarese and Arsicolo. The aim of our work is to enrich the current knowledge about the tomato by evaluating the carotenoid content, the phytochemical profile by HPLC-DAD, and the biological activity of the different parts (peel, fruit, pulp, and seeds) of niche cultivars compared with commercial ones. Radical scavenging activity, assessed by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, was higher in Crovarese peel extract, while Arsicolo possessed the highest lycopene content, underlying the importance of local ecotypes as a precious source of health promoting compounds. However, out of all of the varieties considered, peel extract was the most active one, opening new insights on their valorization in light of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (D.R.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff Bioactiplant, via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (D.R.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff Bioactiplant, via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (D.R.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Candido
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Donato Castronuovo
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Loriana Cardone
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Chiara Sinisgalli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (D.R.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff Bioactiplant, via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabiana Labanca
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (D.R.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (L.M.); Tel.: +39-0971-205525 (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (D.R.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (L.M.); Tel.: +39-0971-205525 (L.M.)
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Di Matteo A, Russo R, Graziani G, Ritieni A, Di Vaio C. Characterization of autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) of southern Italy for fruit quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:2782-2794. [PMID: 27766652 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing germplasm collections of autochthonous cultivars for fruit quality traits could be a successful approach for selection, improvement of organoleptic quality and levels of antioxidants of crop produce, and development of new market opportunities and coherent strategies for conservation and valorization. The aim of the study was the evaluation of fruit physicochemical traits as well as the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity in 25 sweet cherry autochthonous cultivars. RESULTS Cultivars were a source of statistically significant variation for all evaluated traits. Notably, average fruit ascorbate levels ranged from 34.45 to 244.68 µg g-1 fresh weight (FW) , total flavonoids from 1396.40 to 4694.75 µg quercetin equiv. g-1 FW, monomeric anthocyanins from 4.80 to 360.90 µg g-1 FW, and total antioxidant capacity from 1.53 to 2.58 nmol Trolox equiv. mg-1 FW. Fruit profiling of eight cultivars by high-resolution mass spectrometry identified a total of eight different anthocyanins and twenty-five non-anthocyanin polyphenolic compounds - mostly coumaroylquinic acid and neochlorogenic acid. CONCLUSION Among the better-performing cultivars for fruit quality traits, Mulegnana Nera and Pagliarella shared high fruit levels of phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. This is a forerunner work on the characterization of genetic resources, which is critical to researchers and breeders for exploitation of the genetic potential of cultivars and for their conservation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Vaio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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