1
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Nazarova O, Osadchyy V, Hutsol T, Glowacki S, Nurek T, Hulevskyi V, Horetska I. Mechatronic automatic control system of electropneumatic manipulator. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6970. [PMID: 38521780 PMCID: PMC10960797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechatronic systems of electropneumatic automation are one of the main classes of industrial automation systems. A laboratory stand for the study of the mechatronic system of automatic control of the pneumatic manipulator and a computer model for preliminary experiments on the adjustment of the automatic control system were developed. Manual and software control modes are provided for research of indicators of safety and quality of management in both modes. To implement the software control mode, a microcontroller part of the laboratory stand based on ADuC841 was developed, with the help of which it is possible to simulate a part of a certain technological process, to detect and eliminate faults in the automatic control system. A study of automatic control systems using a traditional relay-contactor control system, based on GrafCet technology and using a virtual controller. The combination of computer modeling of technological processes and physical modeling of executive mechanisms is a kind of digital double that displays its state, parameters and behavior in real time. The use of a laboratory stand in combination with an adequate simulation model reduces the complexity of developing control systems for practical applications, and also contributes to the formation of students' creative component, ability to analyze the results, and make decisions in unusual situations, which will increase their theoretical and practical training. The study of mechatronic systems of pneumatic manipulators will allow to increase their efficiency and productivity, to optimize their speed and accuracy for various applications in production. The interaction of mechatronic systems of pneumatic manipulators with other technologies, such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, IoT is the basis for creating more integrated and intelligent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Nazarova
- Department of Electric Drive and Automation of Industrial Equipment, Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic National University, Zhukovsky, 64, Zaporizhzhia, 69-063, Ukraine.
| | - Volodymyr Osadchyy
- Department of Electric Drive and Automation of Industrial Equipment, Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic National University, Zhukovsky, 64, Zaporizhzhia, 69-063, Ukraine
| | - Taras Hutsol
- Department of Mechanics and Agroecosystems Engineering, Polissia National University, Zhytomyr, 10-008, Ukraine.
- Ukrainian University in Europe - Foundation, Balicka 116, 30-149, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Szymon Glowacki
- Department of Fundamentals of Engineering and Power Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Nurek
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vadym Hulevskyi
- Department of Electric Power Engineering and Electrical Technologies, Faculty of Energy and Computer Technology, Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Melitopol, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Horetska
- Innovative Program of Strategic Development of the University, European Social Fund, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
- Odesa State Agrarian University, Odesa, 65-012, Ukraine
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2
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Stracke K, Evans JD. The rise of data repositories in materials chemistry. Commun Chem 2024; 7:63. [PMID: 38519628 PMCID: PMC10959999 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) data practices are necessary to expedite knowledge discovery, encourage collaboration, and optimise resource use, fostering a robust foundation for future scientific progress. Here, the authors explore the use of FAIR practices to advance materials chemistry research, examining key repositories, highlighting their role in sharing scientific data, and examining the accessibility of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Stracke
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Jack D Evans
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.
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3
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Kumar P, Lee JH. Interface engineering for facile switching of bulk-strong polarization in Si-compatible vertical superlattices. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6811. [PMID: 38514740 PMCID: PMC10958034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric thin films incorporating different compositional layers have emerged as a promising approach for enhancing properties and performance of electronic devices. In recent years, superlattices utilizing various interactions between their constituent layers have been used to reveal unusual properties, such as improper ferroelectricity, charged domain walls, and negative capacitance in conventional ferroelectrics. Herein, we report a symmetry scheme based on the interface engineering in which the inherent cell-doubling symmetry allowed atomic distortions (phonons) in any vertically aligned superlattice activate novel interface couplings among atomic distortions of different symmetries and fundamentally improve the ferroelectric properties. In a materialized case, the ionic size difference between Hf4+ and Ce4+ in the HfO2/CeO2 (HCO) ferroelectric/paraelectric superlattice leads to these couplings. These couplings mitigate the phase boundary between polar and non-polar phases, and facilitate polarization switching with a remarkably low coercive field ( E c ) while preserving the original magnitude of the bulk HfO2 polarization and its scale-free ferroelectric characteristics. We show that the cell-doubled distortions present in any vertical superlattice have unique implications for designing low-voltage ferroelectric switching while retaining bulk-strong charge storing capacities in Si-compatible memory candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Gao X, Huang T, Tang P, Di J, Zhong L, Zhang W. Enhancing scanning electron microscopy imaging quality of weakly conductive samples through unsupervised learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6439. [PMID: 38499623 PMCID: PMC10948821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a crucial tool for analyzing submicron-scale structures. However, the attainment of high-quality SEM images is contingent upon the high conductivity of the material due to constraints imposed by its imaging principles. For weakly conductive materials or structures induced by intrinsic properties or organic doping, the SEM imaging quality is significantly compromised, thereby impeding the accuracy of subsequent structure-related analyses. Moreover, the unavailability of paired high-low quality images in this context renders the supervised-based image processing methods ineffective in addressing this challenge. Here, an unsupervised method based on Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) was proposed to enhance the quality of SEM images for weakly conductive samples. The unsupervised model can perform end-to-end learning using unpaired blurred and clear SEM images from weakly and well-conductive samples, respectively. To address the requirements of material structure analysis, an edge loss function was further introduced to recover finer details in the network-generated images. Various quantitative evaluations substantiate the efficacy of the proposed method in SEM image quality improvement with better performance than the traditional methods. Our framework broadens the application of artificial intelligence in materials analysis, holding significant implications in fields such as materials science and image restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianglei Di
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liyun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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5
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Etschmann B, Missen OP, Conradson SD, Mills S, Liu Y, Brugger J. Environmental stability of a uranium-plutonium-carbide phase. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6413. [PMID: 38494506 PMCID: PMC10944826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A plutonium-rich carbide, (U,Pu)(Al,Fe)3C3, was discovered in a hot particle from the Maralinga nuclear testing site in South Australia. The particle was produced between 1960 and 1963 and has been exposed to ambient conditions since then. The new phase belongs to a group of ternary carbides known as 'derivative-MAX phases'. It formed at high temperature within an explosion cloud via rapid eutectic crystallisation from a complex Al-Fe-U-Pu-C-O melt, and is the major Pu host in this particle. Despite signs of volume expansion due to radiation damage, (U,Pu)(Al,Fe)3C3 remains highly X-ray crystalline 60 years after its formation, with no evidence of Pu leaching from the crystals. Our results highlight that the high-energy conditions of (sub-)critical explosions can create unexpected species. Even micro-particles of a derivative-MAX phase can effectively retain low-valence (metallic-like character) Pu under environmental conditions; the slow physical and chemical weathering of these particles may contribute to the slow release of radionuclides over decades, explaining constant low-levels of radionuclides observed in fauna. This study further suggests that rapidly quenched eutectic melts may be engineered to stabilise actinides in nuclear waste products, removing the need for hydrometallurgical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Etschmann
- School of Earth, Atmosphere & Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Owen P Missen
- School of Earth, Atmosphere & Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Geosciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences (CODES), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Steven D Conradson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Complex Matter, Josef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stuart Mills
- Geosciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joël Brugger
- School of Earth, Atmosphere & Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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6
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Yang T, Lu X, Wang X, Wei X, An N, Li Y, Wang W, Li X, Fang X, Sun J. Upcycling of Carbon Fiber/Thermoset Composites into High-Performance Elastomers and Repurposed Carbon Fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403972. [PMID: 38491769 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRCs) based on thermosetting plastics is difficult. In the present study, high-performance CFRCs are fabricated through complexation of aromatic pinacol-cross-linked polyurethane (PU-AP) thermosets with carbon fiber (CF) cloths. PU-AP thermosets exhibit a breaking strength of 95.5 MPa and toughness of 473.6 MJ m-3 and contain abundant hydrogen-bonding groups, which can have strong adhesion with CFs. Because of the high interfacial adhesion between CF cloths and PU-AP thermosets and high toughness of PU-AP thermosets, CF/PU-AP composites possess a high tensile strength of >870 MPa. Upon heating in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at 100 °C, the aromatic pinacols in the CF/PU-AP composites can be cleaved, generating non-destructive CF cloths and linear polymers that can be converted to high-performance elastomers. The elastomers are mechanically robust, healable, reprocessable, and damage-resistant with an extremely high tensile strength of 74.2 MPa and fracture energy of 149.6 kJ m-2. As a result, dissociation of CF/PU-AP composites enables the recovery of reusable CF cloths and high-performance elastomers, thus realizing the upcycling of CF/PU-AP composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Yang
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, CHINA
| | - Xingyuan Lu
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, CHINA
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, CHINA
| | - Xiang Wei
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, CHINA
| | - Ni An
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, CHINA
| | - Yixuan Li
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, CHINA
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, CHINA
| | - Xiang Li
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, CHINA
| | - Xu Fang
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, CHINA
| | - Junqi Sun
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Qianjin Road 2699, 130012, Changchun, CHINA
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7
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Wolter B, Straß B, Jacob K, Rauhut M, Stephani T, Riemer M, Friedemann M. Nondestructive material characterization and component identification in sheet metal processing with electromagnetic methods. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6274. [PMID: 38491055 PMCID: PMC10943064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic methods for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) are presented, with which sheet metal components can be identified and their material properties can be characterized. The latter is possible with 3MA, the Micromagnetic Multiparametric Microstructure and stress Analyser. This is a combination of several micromagnetic NDE methods that make it possible to analyse the microstructure in a ferromagnetic material and to determine quantitative values of the mechanical material properties or the stress state. In the case of cold forming, the 3MA application for pre-process testing of sheet metal is discussed. Based on the 3MA information, the formability of the sheets can be predicted. To apply 3MA in-line, the influence of the relative speed and the relative distance between the 3MA probe head and the sheet was investigated. In a second study, a spatially resolved eddy current (EC) method was used to create an image of the intrinsic material microstructure of a component for its identification and traceability. It turned out, that these intrinsic fingerprint images can still be recognized even after subsequent plastic deformation or coating of the surface. This enabled the development of a marker-free traceability method for sheet metal processing. It is based on a low-cost array sensor and a specimen identification using robust and partly redundant features of the fingerprint images processed by machine learning (ML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wolter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing IZFP, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Straß
- Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing IZFP, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kevin Jacob
- Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing IZFP, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Rauhut
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Stephani
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias Riemer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marko Friedemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
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8
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Amemiya T, Suzuki K, Tomita T. Non-destructive visualization of internal structural changes in humidified magnesium oxide tablets using X-ray computed tomography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6339. [PMID: 38491197 PMCID: PMC10943080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Detailed examinations of the internal structure of tablets are imperative for comprehending their formulation, physical attributes, and ensuring their safe utilization. While X-ray computed tomography (CT) is valuable for noninvasively analyzing internal structural changes, the influence of humidity on these structural changes remains unexplored. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the viability of X-ray CT in non-destructively evaluating the internal structure of humidified magnesium oxide (MgO) tablets. MgO tablets were subjected to conditions of 40 °C and 75% humidity for 7 days, weighed pre- and post-humidification, and subsequently stored at room temperature (22-27 °C) until day 90. Their internal structure was evaluated using X-ray CT. We observed a substantial increase in the weight of MgO tablets concomitant with moisture absorption, with minimal changes observed upon storage at room temperature. The skewness reduced immediately post-moisture absorption, remained almost the same post-storage at room temperature, and failed to revert to pre-humidification levels during the storage period. These findings highlight the utility of X-ray CT as an effective tool for non-destructive, three-dimensional, and detailed evaluation of internal structural transformations in MgO tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Amemiya
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Semiconductor Evaluation Laboratory, Evaluation and Analysis Technology Center, Toshiba Nanoanalysis Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomita
- Department of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, Tochigi, Japan.
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9
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Wang L, Wang B, Chen J, Li H. Breakthrough application of electrochromism: Multifunctional artificial muscle. iScience 2024; 27:109091. [PMID: 38414858 PMCID: PMC10897854 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In the article (Advanced Materials 2023; 2305914, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202305914) reported by Wang et al., electrochemically driven multifunctional electrochromic artificial muscles (EAMs) are demonstrated with intricate actuation and eye-catching color-change behaviors, which were assembled from V2O5 nanowires-carbon nanotube fibers-based high-twist electrochromic artificial muscle yarn (EAMY). With combined wet winding and wet twisting, excellent mechanical properties and uniform color change were achieved in the core-sheath EAMYs. Followed by hot pouring and molding of gel electrolyte, the contact problem between electrode and electrolyte was resolved and EAMs were fabricated with stable operation in the air, harvesting a high shrinkage stroke of 12% and a high reflectivity contrast of 51%. The judicious device architecture design and integration of multifunctionality will open new avenues for electrochromic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier & Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haizeng Li
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier & Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
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10
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Lee S, Berman TD, Yildirim C, Detlefs C, Allison JE, Bucsek A. Multiscale in-situ characterization of static recrystallization using dark-field X-ray microscopy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6241. [PMID: 38486085 PMCID: PMC10940669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dark-field X-ray microscopy (DFXM) is a high-resolution, X-ray-based diffraction microstructure imaging technique that uses an objective lens aligned with the diffracted beam to magnify a single Bragg reflection. DFXM can be used to spatially resolve local variations in elastic strain and orientation inside embedded crystals with high spatial (~ 60 nm) and angular (~ 0.001°) resolution. However, as with many high-resolution imaging techniques, there is a trade-off between resolution and field of view, and it is often desirable to enrich DFXM observations by combining it with a larger field-of-view technique. Here, we combine DFXM with high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) applied to an in-situ investigation of static recrystallization in an 80% hot-compressed Mg-3.2Zn-0.1Ca wt.% (ZX30) alloy. Using HR-XRD, we track the relative grain volume of > 8000 sub-surface grains during annealing in situ. Then, at several points during the annealing process, we "zoom in" to individual grains using DFXM. This combination of HR-XRD and DFXM enables multiscale characterization, used here to study why particular grains grow to consume a large volume fraction of the annealed microstructure. This technique pairing is particularly useful for small and/or highly deformed grains that are often difficult to resolve using more standard diffraction microstructure imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tracy D Berman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Can Yildirim
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Carsten Detlefs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - John E Allison
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Bucsek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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11
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Yu C, Lin K, Zhang Q, Zhu H, An K, Chen Y, Yu D, Li T, Fu X, Yu Q, You L, Kuang X, Cao Y, Li Q, Deng J, Xing X. An isotropic zero thermal expansion alloy with super-high toughness. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2252. [PMID: 38480744 PMCID: PMC10937970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Zero thermal expansion (ZTE) alloys with high mechanical response are crucial for their practical usage. Yet, unifying the ZTE behavior and mechanical response in one material is a grand obstacle, especially in multicomponent ZTE alloys. Herein, we report a near isotropic zero thermal expansion (αl = 1.10 × 10-6 K-1, 260-310 K) in the natural heterogeneous LaFe54Co3.5Si3.35 alloy, which exhibits a super-high toughness of 277.8 ± 14.7 J cm-3. Chemical partition, in the dual-phase structure, assumes the role of not only modulating thermal expansion through magnetic interaction but also enhancing mechanical properties via interface bonding. The comprehensive analysis reveals that the hierarchically synergistic enhancement among lattice, phase interface, and heterogeneous structure is significant for strong toughness. Our findings pave the way to tailor thermal expansion and obtain prominent mechanical properties in multicomponent alloys, which is essential to ultra-stable functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institution of Physics, Chinese Academic of Science, No.8, 3rd South Street, Zhongguancun Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ke An
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dunji Yu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Tianyi Li
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Fu
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yili Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinxia Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Ajala EO, Aliyu MO, Ajala MA, Mamba G, Ndana AM, Olatunde TS. Adsorption of lead and chromium ions from electroplating wastewater using plantain stalk modified by amorphous alumina developed from waste cans. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6055. [PMID: 38480818 PMCID: PMC10937642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Waste beneficiation is key to environmental protection and the realisation of a circular economy. Herein, amorphous alumina (a-Al2O3) derived from aluminium waste cans (AWC) was used to modify plantain stalk as an adsorbent for sequestration of lead (II) and chromium (VI) ions from electroplating wastewater. Raw plantain-stalk (RPS) and amorphous-alumina modified plantain stalk (APS) developed as adsorbents were characterised using various equipment such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The FTIR revealed that the adsorbents are rich in functional groups that could promote the adsorption process which includes carboxyl, hydroxyl, and aliphatic groups. Also, the BET analysis showed a substantial increase in the surface area of APS (174.448 m2/g) compared to that of RPS (40.531 m2/g) which could be due to the effect of modification by the a-Al2O3. The batch adsorption studies revealed that the APS achieved 99.38% and 98.33% removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II), respectively, which is superior to RPS adsorption efficiency. Also, the estimated and experimental data for the APS compared well under all the kinetic models studied with R2 > 0.88. This suggested that chemisorption is the most plausible adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) onto the APS. Further analysis showed that the Cr(VI) and Pb(II) adsorption followed the Langmuir model with the RL value of 0.038 and 0.999, respectively, which indicated that the two metal ions were effectively adsorbed onto the APS. Therefore, this work demonstrated that the modification of plantain-stalk with amorphous-alumina derived from AWC enhanced the characteristics of the APS and favoured its adsorption of the selected heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Ajala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - M O Aliyu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - M A Ajala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - G Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida, Johannesburg, 1709, South Africa
| | - A M Ndana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Nigeria
| | - T S Olatunde
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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13
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Morriss CE, Cheung CK, Nunn E, Parmeggiani F, Powell NA, Kimber RL, Haigh SJ, Lloyd JR. Biosynthesis Parameters Control the Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of Microbially Supported Pd Nanoparticles. Small 2024:e2311016. [PMID: 38461530 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of Pd nanoparticles supported on microorganisms (bio-Pd) is achieved via the enzymatic reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) under ambient conditions using inexpensive buffers and electron donors, like organic acids or hydrogen. Sustainable bio-Pd catalysts are effective for C-C coupling and hydrogenation reactions, but their industrial application is limited by challenges in controlling nanoparticle properties. Here, using the metal-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens, it is demonstrated that synthesizing bio-Pd under different Pd loadings and utilizing different electron donors (acetate, formate, hydrogen, no e- donor) influences key properties such as nanoparticle size, Pd(II):Pd(0) ratio, and cellular location. Controlling nanoparticle size and location controls the activity of bio-Pd for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, whereas high Pd loading on cells synthesizes bio-Pd with high activity, comparable to commercial Pd/C, for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. Additionally, the study demonstrates the novel synthesis of microbially-supported ≈2 nm PdO nanoparticles due to the hydrolysis of biosorbed Pd(II) in bicarbonate buffer. Bio-PdO nanoparticles show superior activity in 4-nitrophenol reduction compared to commercial Pd/C catalysts. Overall, controlling biosynthesis parameters, such as electron donor, metal loading, and solution chemistry, enables tailoring of bio-Pd physicochemical and catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Egan Morriss
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Casey K Cheung
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Elliot Nunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Richard L Kimber
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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14
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Nieborek M, Jastrzębski C, Płociński T, Wróbel P, Seweryn A, Judek J. Optimization of the plasmonic properties of titanium nitride films sputtered at room temperature through microstructure and thickness control. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5762. [PMID: 38459214 PMCID: PMC10923920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A current approach to depositing highly plasmonic titanium nitride films using the magnetron sputtering technique assumes that the process is performed at temperatures high enough to ensure the atoms have sufficient diffusivities to form dense and highly crystalline films. In this work, we demonstrate that the plasmonic properties of TiN films can be efficiently tuned even without intentional substrate heating by influencing the details of the deposition process and entailed films' stoichiometry and microstructure. We also discuss the dependence of the deposition time/films' thickness on the optical properties, which is another degree of freedom in controlling the optical response of the refractory metal nitride films. The proposed strategy allows for robust and cost-effective production of large-scale substrates with good plasmonic properties in a CMOS technology-compatible process that can be further processed, e.g., structurized. All reported films are characterized by the maximal values of the plasmonic Figure of Merit (FoM = - ε1/ε2) ranging from 0.8 to 2.6, and the sample with the best plasmonic properties is characterized by FoM at 700 nm and 1550 nm that is equal 2.1 in both cases. These are outstanding results, considering the films' polycrystallinity and deposition at room temperature onto a non-matched substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Nieborek
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezariusz Jastrzębski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płociński
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wróbel
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Seweryn
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Judek
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Wu Y, Tang Y, Xie P, Hu B, Lang D, Wang H. Internal stress transfer characteristics of coal-rock medium under concentrated force based on particle flow method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5737. [PMID: 38459076 PMCID: PMC10923777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To solve the problem that the macroscopic deformation and failure of coal-rock medium under external loads are easy to be observed while the internal stress transfer mode and path are unclear. Based on the discrete element idea, the numerical models for pure coal or rock samples and coal-rock combination samples with different lithologies and combination methods under concentrated force are established by PFC2D software. Then the influence of coal or rock strength and combination methods on the internal stress transfer law and distribution evolution characteristics of coal-rock medium are discussed from the perspectives of macroscopic stress and mesoscopic force chain, respectively. The results showed that under concentrated load, the macroscopic stress transfer paths within pure coal or rock samples and coal-rock combination samples are primarily in the form of 'point source radiation'. However, when transferring between coal-rock interfaces, there is a certain interface effect. For pure coal or rock samples, differences in lithology does not change the transfer rules and macro distribution patterns of internal stress, but it can cause changes in internal unit transfer stress value and local area transfer direction. For coal-rock combination samples, the greater the difference in lithology between the two sides of the interface, the more likely the interface effect will occur. In addition, the internal stress transfer is also influenced by the relative stratigraphic relationships of coal and rock. When the stress is transferred from a higher-strength rock to a lower-strength coal mass, the interface effect will be more significant. However, regardless of the combination pattern, the locations where significant stress surges occur are always within the higher strength rock mass near the interface. The findings are helpful to understand the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of mining coal and rock mass, and provide a theoretical basis for the study of the mining-induced mechanical behavior of the floor under the action of the coal pillar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wu
- College of Energy Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazard Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources in Western China, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yepeng Tang
- College of Energy Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
- Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazard Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710054, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources in Western China, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Panshi Xie
- College of Energy Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazard Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources in Western China, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bosheng Hu
- College of Energy Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazard Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources in Western China, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ding Lang
- College of Energy Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazard Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources in Western China, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Energy Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazard Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources in Western China, Xi'an, 710054, China
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16
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Xue WL, Li GQ, Chen H, Han YC, Feng L, Wang L, Gu XL, Hu SY, Deng YH, Tan L, Dove MT, Li W, Zhang J, Dong H, Chen Z, Deng WH, Xu G, Wang G, Wan CQ. Melt-quenched glass formation of a family of metal-carboxylate frameworks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2040. [PMID: 38448429 PMCID: PMC10917788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses are an emerging class of glasses which complement traditional inorganic, organic and metallic counterparts due to their hybrid nature. Although a few zeolitic imidazolate frameworks have been made into glasses, how to melt and quench the largest subclass of MOFs, metal carboxylate frameworks, into glasses remains challenging. Here, we develop a strategy by grafting the zwitterions on the carboxylate ligands and incorporating organic acids in the framework channels to enable the glass formation. The charge delocalization of zwitterion-acid subsystem and the densely filled channels facilitate the coordination bonding mismatch and thus reduce the melting temperature. Following melt-quenching realizes the glass formation of a family of carboxylate MOFs (UiO-67, UiO-68 and DUT-5), which are usually believed to be un-meltable. Our work opens up an avenue for melt-quenching porous molecular solids into glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie & Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Guo-Qiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yu-Chen Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yuan Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Heng Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Martin T Dove
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- College of Energy Material and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei-Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
| | - Guo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Qing Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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17
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Zhang H, Zhang B, Cai C, Zhang K, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Wu Y, Ba X, Hoogenboom R. Water-dispersible X-ray scintillators enabling coating and blending with polymer materials for multiple applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2055. [PMID: 38448434 PMCID: PMC10917805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing X-ray scintillators that are water-dispersible, compatible with polymeric matrices, and processable to flexible substrates is an important challenge. Herein, Tb3+-doped Na5Lu9F32 is introduced as an X-ray scintillating material with steady-state X-ray light yields of 15,800 photons MeV-1, which is generated as nanocrystals on halloysite nanotubes. The obtained product exhibits good water-dispersibility and highly sensitive luminescence to X-rays. It is deposited onto a polyurethane foam to afford a composite foam material with dose-dependent radioluminescence. Moreover, the product is dispersed into polymer matrixes in aqueous solution to prepare rigid or flexible scintillator screen for X-ray imaging. As a third example, it is incorporated multilayer hydrogels for information camouflage and multilevel encryption. Encrypted information can be recognized only by X-ray irradiation, while the false information is read out under UV light. Altogether, we demonstrate that the water-dispersible scintillators are highly promising for aqueous processing of radioluminescent, X-ray imaging, and information encrypting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailei Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China.
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281-S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Chongyang Cai
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281-S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Yanmin Yang
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China.
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281-S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
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18
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Mametov R, Sagandykova G, Monedeiro F, Florkiewicz A, Piszczek P, Radtke A, Pomastowski P. Metabolic profiling of bacteria with the application of polypyrrole-MOF SPME fibers and plasmonic nanostructured LDI-MS substrates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5562. [PMID: 38448652 PMCID: PMC10917794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we present application of innovative lab-made analytical devices such as plasmonic silver nanostructured substrates and polypyrrole-MOF solid-phase microextraction fibers for metabolic profiling of bacteria. For the first time, comprehensive metabolic profiling of both volatile and non-volatile low-molecular weight compounds in eight bacterial strains was carried out with utilization of lab-made devices. Profiles of low molecular weight metabolites were analyzed for similarities and differences using principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and random forest algorithm. The results showed clear differentiation between Gram positive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) species which were identified as distinct clusters according to their volatile metabolites. In case of non-volatile metabolites, differentiation between G+ and G- species and clustering for all eight species were observed for the chloroform fraction of the Bligh & Dyer extract, while methanolic fraction failed to recover specific ions in the profile. Furthermore, the results showed correlation between volatile and non-volatile metabolites, which suggests that lab-made devices presented in the current study might be complementary and therefore, useful for species differentiation and gaining insights into bacterial metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radik Mametov
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Gulyaim Sagandykova
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Fernanda Monedeiro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Florkiewicz
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Piszczek
- Department of Inorganic and Coordination Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Radtke
- Department of Inorganic and Coordination Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Pawel Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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19
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Sayed NSM, Ahmed ASA, Abdallah MH, Gouda GA. ZnO@ activated carbon derived from wood sawdust as adsorbent for removal of methyl red and methyl orange from aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5384. [PMID: 38443380 PMCID: PMC10915167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) and ZnO@AC composite derived from wood sawdust were prepared to be utilized as adsorbents for methyl red (MR) and methyl orange (MO) anionic dyes from the aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of the AC and ZnO@AC composite toward both dyes was achieved in the strong acidic medium (pH = 3), and under stirring for 60 min. The kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of MR and MO dyes onto the AC and ZnO@AC composite fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the intraparticle diffusion and Elovich kinetic models confirmed the adsorption is controlled by external surfaces, and the adsorption is chemisorption process. The isotherm results indicated that the MR and MO dye adsorption occurred via monolayer adsorption, and the estimated maximum adsorption capacities of both dyes onto the ZnO@AC composite were higher than those achieved by AC. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The mechanism for MR, and MO dyes adsorption onto the AC and ZnO@AC composite is proposed to be controlled by electrostatic bonding, π-π interactions, and ion exchange, while H-bonding and n-π interactions were minor contributors. This study reveals the potential use of carbon-based adsorbents derived from wood sawdust for the removal of anionic dyes from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessma S M Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdelaal S A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Gouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt
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20
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Wang W, Wang S, Gu Y, Zhou J, Zhang J. Contact-separation-induced self-recoverable mechanoluminescence of CaF 2:Tb 3+/PDMS elastomer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2014. [PMID: 38443411 PMCID: PMC10914845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrosymmetric-oxide/polydimethylsiloxane elastomers emit ultra-strong non-pre-irradiation mechanoluminescence under stress and are considered one of the most ideal mechanoluminescence materials. However, previous centrosymmetric-oxide/polydimethylsiloxane elastomers show severe mechanoluminescence degradation under stretching, which limits their use in applications. Here we show an elastomer based on centrosymmetric fluoride CaF2:Tb3+ and polydimethylsiloxane, with mechanoluminescence that can self-recover after each stretching. Experimentation indicates that the self-recoverable mechanoluminescence of the CaF2:Tb3+/polydimethylsiloxane elastomer occurs essentially due to contact electrification arising from contact-separation interactions between the centrosymmetric phosphors and the polydimethylsiloxane. Accordingly, a contact-separation cycle model of the phosphor-polydimethylsiloxane couple is established, and first-principles calculations are performed to model state energies in the contact-separation cycle. The results reveal that the fluoride-polydimethylsiloxane couple helps to induce contact electrification and maintain the contact-separation cycle at the interface, resulting in the self-recoverable mechanoluminescence of the CaF2:Tb3+/polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. Therefore, it would be a good strategy to develop self-recoverable mechanoluminescence elastomers based on centrosymmetric fluoride phosphors and polydimethylsiloxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanwen Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiachi Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China.
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21
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Deniziak P, Urbańska-Galewska E, Gordziej-Zagórowska M. Normal stress distribution in built-up cold-formed column in relation to interconnecting bolt spacing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5415. [PMID: 38443421 PMCID: PMC10914763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to increase a stiffness of cold-formed steel (CFS) elements it is practised to built-up the cross-section. In the analysed case, a main element is strengthened by adding extra chord in contact partially along the column. This additional chord acts as a longitudinal stiffener connected with the main section by series of bolts. Authors check whether rules applied over the years, for hot-rolled elements, can be indiscriminately used in the analysed CFS element. The aim of this study is to experimentally and computationally recognize the normal stress distribution in axially compressed CFS built-up column chords and to evaluate the element load-bearing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Deniziak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
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22
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Mahmoud A, Gajbhiye R, Elkatatny S. Investigating the efficacy of novel organoclay as a rheological additive for enhancing the performance of oil-based drilling fluids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5323. [PMID: 38438428 PMCID: PMC10912425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) are extensively used in the drilling industry due to their superior performance in challenging drilling conditions. These fluids control wellbore stability, lubricate the drill bit, and transport drill cuttings to the surface. One important component of oil-based drilling fluids is the viscosifier, which provides rheological properties to enhance drilling operations. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Claytone-IMG 400, a novel rheological agent, in enhancing the performance of OBDFs under high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) conditions. A comparative analysis was conducted with a pre-existing organoclay (OC) to assess the improvements achieved by Claytone-IMG 400. The OCs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size distribution (PSD) to identify their mineral and chemical compositions, morphologies, and particle sizes. The drilling fluid density, electrical stability, sagging tendency, rheological properties, viscoelastic properties, and filtration properties were studied to formulate a stable and high-performance drilling fluid. The results confirmed that the novel OC does not affect the drilling fluid density but enhances the emulsion stability with a 9% increment compared with the drilling fluid formulated with MC-TONE. The sagging experiments showed that Claytone-IMG 400 prevented the sagging issues in both static and dynamic conditions. Also, Claytone-IMG 400 improved the plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and apparent viscosity (AV). The PV, YP, and AV were improved by 30%, 38%, and 33% increments respectively compared with the drilling fluid formulated with MC-TONE. The YP/PV ratio increased with a 6% increment from 1.12 to 1.19. Moreover, the gel strength (GS) was significantly increased, and the filtration properties were enhanced. The filtration volume was reduced by 10% from 5.0 to 4.5 cm3, and the filter cake thickness had a 37.5% reduction from 2.60 to 1.89 mm. The novelty of this study is highlighted by the introduction and evaluation of Claytone-IMG 400 as a new rheological additive for safe, efficient, and cost-effective drilling operations. The results indicate that Claytone-IMG 400 significantly improves the stability and performance of OBDFs, thereby reducing wellbore instability and drilling-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoud
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Gajbhiye
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salaheldin Elkatatny
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Xu Z, Lisha X, Yi L, Yunjun M, Luocheng C, Anqi Z, Kuibo Y, Xiaolu X, Shaozhen L, Xuecheng S, Yifu Z. Highly stable and antifungal properties on the oilseed rape of Cu 3(MoO 4) 2(OH) 2 nanoflakes prepared by simple aqueous precipitation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5235. [PMID: 38433219 PMCID: PMC10909880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, nanoparticles have been a prominent topic in various fields, particularly in agriculture, due to their unique physicochemical properties. Herein, molybdenum copper lindgrenite Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 (CM) nanoflakes (NFs) are synthesized by a one-step reaction involving α-MoO3 and CuCO3⋅Cu(OH)2⋅xH2O solution at low temperature for large scale industrial production and developed as an effective antifungal agent for the oilseed rape. This synthetic method demonstrates great potential for industrial applications. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that CM samples exhibit a pure monoclinic structure. TG and DSC results show the thermal stable properties. It can undergo a phase transition form copper molybdate (Cu3Mo2O9) at about 300 °C. Then Cu3Mo2O9 nanoparticles decompose into at CuO and MoO3 at 791 °C. The morphology of CM powder is mainly composed of uniformly distributed parallelogram-shaped nanoflakes with an average thickness of about 30 nm. Moreover, the binding energy of CM NFs is measured to be 2.8 eV. To assess the antifungal properties of these materials, both laboratory and outdoor experiments are conducted. In the pour plate test, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CM NFs against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is determined to be 100 ppm, and the zone of inhibiting S. sclerotiorum is 14 mm. When the concentration is above 100 nm, the change rate of the hyphae circle slows down a little and begins to decrease until to 200 ppm. According to the aforementioned findings, the antifungal effects of a nano CM NFs solution are assessed at different concentrations (0 ppm (clear water), 40 ppm, and 80 ppm) on the growth of oilseed rape in an outdoor setting. The results indicate that the application of CM NFs led to significant inhibition of S. sclerotiorum. Specifically, when the nano CM solution was sprayed once at the initial flowering stage at a concentration of 80 ppm, S. sclerotiorum growth was inhibited by approximately 34%. Similarly, when the solution was sprayed once at the initial flowering stage and once at the rape pod stage, using a concentration of 40 ppm, a similar level of inhibition was achieved. These outcomes show that CM NFs possess the ability to bind with more metal ions due to their larger specific surface area. Additionally, their semiconductor physical properties enable the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, CM NFs hold great potential for widespread application in antifungal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Lisha
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liu Yi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Yunjun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Luocheng
- Hubei Sino-Australian Nano Material Technology Co., Ltd., Guangshui, 432700, China
| | - Zheng Anqi
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Kuibo
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiaolu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Li Shaozhen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China.
| | - Sun Xuecheng
- Micro-Elements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhang Yifu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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24
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Kaya N, Sasany R, Yanıkoglu N, Tosun B. Investigation of color and physicomechanical properties of peek and pekk after storage in a different medium. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5357. [PMID: 38438417 PMCID: PMC10912655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess color stability, solubility, and water sorption on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyether ketone ketone (PEKK) after immersion in different storage conditions. Material and Methods Ninety disc-shaped specimens (8 × 2) were obtained from CAD/CAM blocks [PEEK (n = 45) and PEKK (n = 45)]. Before immersion, baseline color value data were recorded with a spectrophotometer. The specimens were soaked in three solutions red wine, coffee, and distilled water at 37 °C for 28 days. Following immersion, color values were remeasured, and color-change values (ΔE) were calculated. Water sorption and solubility were assessed by mass gain or loss after storage in water for 28 days. The Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis (P = 0.05). Results ΔE00 between PEEK and PEKK was significantly different statistically (P < 0.001). PEEK presented higher water sorption than PEKK (P = 0.005). The difference in solubility between PEEK and PEKK was not statistically significant (P = 0.163). The materials and storage medium types had a statistically significant impact (P = 0.100). In terms of staining potential, the solutions tested in this experiment were ranked as: coffee > red wine > distilled water. The results of this study demonstrated that PEKK was more successful in polymer-containing CAD/CAM materials as it exhibited less color change and water absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Kaya
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Rafat Sasany
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Biruni, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nuran Yanıkoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Busra Tosun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Abant İzzet Baysal, Bolu, Turkey
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25
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Broege D, Spilatro M, Duchateau G, Dorrer C, Demos SG. Effect of THz-bandwidth incoherent laser radiation on bulk damage in potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5361. [PMID: 38438504 PMCID: PMC10912715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The laser-damage performance characteristics of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) samples under exposure to a distinctive broadband incoherent laser pulse are investigated. A laser system providing such pulses is intended to explore improved energy-coupling efficiency on the target in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments and provides incoherent bandwidths as large as 10 THz in a nanosecond pulse. A consequence of this bandwidth is very rapid fluctuations in intensity capable of reaching maxima much larger than the average intensity within the pulse. A custom damage-test station has been built to perform measurements with broadband incoherent pulses in order to determine what effect these fast and high-intensity oscillations have on laser damage. A set of experiments under different bandwidth and beam configurations shows the effect to be minimal when probing bulk damage in KDP. Modeling indicates this behavior is supported by long electron-relaxation times compared to the source-field fluctuations, following excitation of individual electrons in the conduction band. The results help better understand the laser-induced-damage mechanisms in KDP, and its ability to operate in broadband temporally incoherent high-energy lasers that may be particularly suitable for future laser-fusion energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Broege
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA.
| | - Michael Spilatro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | | | - Christophe Dorrer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - Stavros G Demos
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
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26
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Tsekenis G, Cimini G, Kalafatis M, Giacometti A, Gili T, Caldarelli G. Network topology mapping of chemical compounds space. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5266. [PMID: 38438443 PMCID: PMC10912673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We define bipartite and monopartite relational networks of chemical elements and compounds using two different datasets of inorganic chemical and material compounds, as well as study their topology. We discover that the connectivity between elements and compounds is distributed exponentially for materials, and with a fat tail for chemicals. Compounds networks show similar distribution of degrees, and feature a highly-connected club due to oxygen . Chemical compounds networks appear more modular than material ones, while the communities detected reveal different dominant elements specific to the topology. We successfully reproduce the connectivity of the empirical chemicals and materials networks by using a family of fitness models, where the fitness values are derived from the abundances of the elements in the aggregate compound data. Our results pave the way towards a relational network-based understanding of the inherent complexity of the vast chemical knowledge atlas, and our methodology can be applied to other systems with the ingredient-composite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsekenis
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems (DMSN), "Ca' Foscari" University of Venice, Venice, Italy.
| | - Giulio Cimini
- Physics Department and INFN, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marinos Kalafatis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Achille Giacometti
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems (DMSN), "Ca' Foscari" University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- European Centre of Living Technologies (ECLT), "Ca' Foscari" University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Tommaso Gili
- Networks Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100, Lucca, Italy
| | - Guido Caldarelli
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems (DMSN), "Ca' Foscari" University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- European Centre of Living Technologies (ECLT), "Ca' Foscari" University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Rara Foundation - Sustainable Materials and Technologies ETS, 30171, Venice, Italy
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27
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Lee CH, Jung JK, Kim KS, Kim CJ. Hierarchical channel morphology in O-rings after two cycling exposures to 70 MPa hydrogen gas: a case study of sealing failure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5319. [PMID: 38438433 PMCID: PMC10912206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of high-pressure hydrogen gas exposure on the structural and morphological characteristics of O-ring materials. O-ring specimens undergo two cycles of sealing under 70 MPa hydrogen gas, and their resulting variations are examined using advanced characterization techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our findings reveal that the lattice parameters of the O-ring material show no significant changes when exposed to 70 MPa hydrogen gas. However, in the micrometre range, the formation of a hierarchical channel morphology becomes evident. This morphology is accompanied by the separation of carbon black filler from the rubber matrix, contributing to mechanical weakening of the O-ring. These observations can be attributed to the pressure gradient that develops between the inner and outer radii of the O-ring, resulting from compression forces acting perpendicularly to the radial direction due to clamp locking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Chosun University, Chosundae-5-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kap Jung
- Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jong Kim
- LG Chem Europe GmbH, Adolph-Prior-Straße 16, 65936, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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Dawda S, Shen Z, Dogariu A. Measuring nanoparticles shape by structured illumination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5348. [PMID: 38438414 PMCID: PMC10912601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploiting the size and shape of nanoparticles is critical for engineering the optical and mechanical properties of nanoparticle systems that are ubiquitous in everyday life. However, accurate determination of nanoparticle morphology usually requires elaborated methods such as XRD or TEM, which are not suitable for non-invasive and rapid control. Dynamic light scattering on the other hand, relies on the motion of nanoparticles and mixes different rotational and translational diffusion coefficients to infer synthetic information about the shape in terms of effective hydrodynamic characteristics. Here, we introduce a new scattering approach for measuring shape. We demonstrate analytically, numerically, and experimentally that the contrast of low-intensity fluctuations arising from the scattering of classically entangled optical fields allows determining the polarimetric anisotropy of nanoparticles. By leveraging the active variation of illumination structuring, we control the non-Gaussian statistics of the measured fluctuations, which, in turn, provides means to improve the measurement sensitivity. This technique offers practical opportunities for applications ranging from molecular chemistry to drug delivery to nanostructures synthesis where the real-time, quantitative assessment of nanoparticles shapes is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Dawda
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, 4304 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Zhean Shen
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, 4304 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Aristide Dogariu
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, 4304 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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29
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Alharbi SO, Ahmad S, Gul T, Ali I, Bariq A. The corrosion behavior of low carbon steel (AISI 1010) influenced by grain size through microstructural mechanical. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5098. [PMID: 38429315 PMCID: PMC10907567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-carbon steel (AISI 1010) is the predominant material used in industrial food processing equipment. Such equipment is vulnerable to the corrosive environment produced by various production stages. Different processes, such as sulphonation and carbonation, are used in the processing of sugar in the sugar industry, creating a corrosive atmosphere. The corrosion behavior of low carbon steel (AISI 1010) is strongly influenced by grain size variations, which in turn affect the microstructural mechanical properties of the material. The mechanical behavior and performance of metallic materials, including their corrosion resistance, is determined by grain size which is an important parameter for this phenomena. The impact of low-carbon steel (AISI 1010) microstructure on corrosion behavior is discussed in this work. Heat treatment produces two different types of microstructure from the same material, which are then analyzed. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) have both been used to study characteristics including morphology and content. By supplying an appropriate corrosive medium, the corrosion performance of several microstructures of low-carbon steel (AISI 1010) was assessed, and corrosion rates were calculated using weight-loss and electrochemical techniques. Results show that the creation of a protective coating with a higher charge transfer resistance is caused by the adsorption process. The variety in phases and grain sizes may contribute to the corrosion stability of different microstructures, and as a result, the corrosion rate lowers as average grain sizes are reduced. Employing the galvanic effect, pearlite increases the rate of ferrite corrosion. The study's findings support the notion that quenching low-carbon steel (AISI 1010) results in a finer grain structure and greater corrosion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayer Obaid Alharbi
- Mathematics Department, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, 11952, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Taza Gul
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ali
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of Science, King Faisal University, P. O. Box 400, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Bariq
- Department of Mathematics, Education Faculty, Laghman University, Mehtarlam, 2701, Laghman, Afghanistan.
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30
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Qureshi UUR, Basir S, Mallek F, Hamam H. Polarization and incident angle independent multifunctional tunable terahertz metasurface based on graphene. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5118. [PMID: 38429341 PMCID: PMC10907596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the imperative demand for design integration and miniaturization within the terahertz (THz) spectrum, this study presents an innovative solution to the challenges associated with singular functionality, limited application scope, and intricate structures prevalent in conventional metasurfaces. The proposed multifunctional tunable metasurface leverages a hybridized grapheme-metal structure, addressing critical limitations in existing designs. Comprising three distinct layers, namely a graphene-gold resonance layer, a Topas dielectric layer, and a bottom gold film reflective layer, this terahertz metasurface exhibits multifunctionality that is both polarization and incident-angle independent. The metasurface demonstrates a broadband circular dichroism (CD) function when subjected to incident circularly polarized waves. In contrast, under linear incidence, the proposed design achieves functionalities encompassing linear dichroism (LD) and polarization conversion. Remarkably, graphene's chemical potential and the incident light's state can be manipulated to tune each functional aspect's intensity finely. The proposed tunable multifaceted metasurface showcases significant referential importance within the terahertz spectrum, mainly contributing to advancing CD metamirrors, chiral photodetectors, polarization digital imaging systems, and intelligent switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Ur Rahman Qureshi
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shahid Basir
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, ISRA University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Mallek
- Faculty of Engineering, Uni de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada
| | - Habib Hamam
- Faculty of Engineering, Uni de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada
- International Institute of Technology and Management (IITG), Avenue des Grandes Ecoles, Libreville, Gabon
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
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31
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Sharma N, Gautam SK, Adhikari A, Bhakta Neupane B. Himalayan lichen biomass for green synthesis of silver nanocolloids: growth kinetics, effect of pH and metal sensing. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231633. [PMID: 38455993 PMCID: PMC10915538 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lichen is one of the most abundant non-vascular biomasses; however, a systematic study on the application of biomass in nanomaterial synthesis is very limited. In this study, an aqueous lichen extract was obtained from Hypotrachyna cirrhata, one of the most abundant Himalayan lichen biomasses, using a simple cold percolation method. The effects of extract-to-silver nitrate mixing ratio, pH and waiting time on the growth and stability of nanoparticles were systematically explored. The rate constant for bio-reduction was found to be 5.3 × 10-3 min-1. Transmission electron microscopy showed a narrow particle size distribution with a mean particle size of 11.1 ± 3.6 nm (n = 200). The X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction techniques confirmed the formation of cubic crystals. The synthesized colloidal solution showed excellent response to Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in spiked water samples. The limit of detection and calibration sensitivity for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions were found to be 1 and 5 mg l-1 and 2.9 × 10-3 and 1.6 × 10-3 units ppm-1, respectively. These findings suggested that spherical silver nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution can be synthesized on a laboratory scale using an aqueous H. cirrhata lichen extract, and the colloidal solution can be used for the detection of selected heavy metals in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Sharma
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu44613, Nepal
| | - Surendra Kumar Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu44605, Nepal
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu44613, Nepal
| | - Bhanu Bhakta Neupane
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu44613, Nepal
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32
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Kotb HS, Saccani A, Vallet JM, Franzoni E. Preliminary assessment of new single and blended volatile binding media for temporary consolidation of cultural heritage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5115. [PMID: 38429347 PMCID: PMC10907341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatile Binding Media (VBM) are waxy solids that can be used for temporary consolidation of heritage artifacts and architectural surfaces thanks to their spontaneous sublimation at room temperature. They are used to temporary shelter, consolidate or protect materials during high-risk operation, such as excavation, transportation, water-based treatments, etc. Although they are employed since the 1990s, research focused almost entirely on one of them, cyclododecane (CDD), which is by far the most used in onsite applications. However, CDD exhibits some drawbacks, including a fixed sublimation speed that hardly fits into all the possible applications and climates, hence the development of new VBM is strongly needed. In recent years, a certain attention was addressed to menthol as a possible alternative, but the research on other possible substitutes is still lacking. In this paper, a range of different VBM for temporary consolidation of cultural heritage materials was prepared and investigated, including five pure compounds (CDD, cyclododecanol, cyclododecanone, menthol and camphene) and fifteen mixes. These new materials are expected to provide tunable properties in terms of melting temperatures and sublimation rates, allowing their use in a variety of climatic contexts and applications, and to exhibit better properties for onsite applications compared to CDD, such as lower flash point, lower hazard for conservators' health and/or higher availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada Sadek Kotb
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
- Restoration Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Al-Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Andrea Saccani
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Vallet
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Conservation Et de Restauration du Patrimoine (CICRP), 21, Rue Guibal, 13003, Marseille, France
| | - Elisa Franzoni
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy.
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Murthy AR, Prasanna PK, Nipun G, Srinivasu K, Gandla K, Khan AH, Sabi E. Analysing the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel fibre on RC beams flexural behaviour. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4914. [PMID: 38418505 PMCID: PMC10902288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and steel fibers on the flexural behaviour of RC beams under monotonic loading. Various percentages of GGBS were used to substitute cement, namely 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% and fibers were added to the concrete mix as 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of the volume of concrete. The load-deflection behaviour of GGBS-incorporated RC beams with fibers was compared with the control RC beam. Beams were tested under load control for 28 days and 180 days. The ultimate load of the GGBS-incorporated RC beam up to 40% cement replacement was found to higher than that of the control beam. The strength of concrete is reduced by 28% and 19% when cement was partially replaced by 80% of GGBS at 28 and 180 days, respectively, compared to control concrete without fibres. Further, the analytical load-deflection response of GGBS-incorporated RC beams was determined by using several codes of practice, namely, ACI 318-11(2011), CSA A23.3-04 (2004), EC-04 (2004), and IS 456 (2000). The Codal provisions were primarily based on the effective moment of inertia, Young's modulus, and modulus of rupture, stiffness, and cracking. Average load-deflection plots obtained from experiments were compared with the computed load-deflection of analytical studies. It was found that the analytically predicted load-deflection behaviour is comparable with the corresponding average experimental load-deflection response. Moment curvature relations were also developed for RC beams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P K Prasanna
- Department of Civil Engineering, V R Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, AP, India
| | - G Nipun
- Department of Civil Engineering, V R Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, AP, India
| | - K Srinivasu
- NRI Institute of Technology, Guntur, AP, India
| | - Kumaraswamy Gandla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chaitanya University, Hanumakonda, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, PO Box 706, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehab Sabi
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, PO Box 706, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Lahiri D, Krishna KVM, Verma AK, Modak P, Vishwanadh B, Chattopadhyay S, Shibata T, Sharma SK, Sarkar SK, Clifton PH, Biswas A, Garg N, K Dey G. Comprehensive characterization of the structure of Zr-based metallic glasses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4911. [PMID: 38418473 PMCID: PMC10902397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure of metallic glasses fascinates as the generic amorphous structural template for ubiquitous systems. Its specification necessitates determination of the complete hierarchical structure, starting from short-range-order (SRO) → medium-range-order (MRO) → bulk structure and free volume (FV) distribution. This link has largely remained elusive since previous investigations adopted one-technique-at-a-time approach, focusing on limited aspects of any one domain. Reconstruction of structure from experimental data inversion is non-unique for many of these techniques. As a result, complete and precise structural understanding of glass has not emerged yet. In this work, we demonstrate the first experimental pathway for reconstruction of the integrated structure, forZr 67 Ni 33 andZr 52 Ti 6 Al 10 Cu 18 Ni 14 glasses. Our strategy engages diverse (× 7) multi-scale techniques [XAFS, 3D-APT, ABED/NBED, FEM, XRD, PAS, FHREM] on the same glass. This strategy complemented mutual limitations of techniques and corroborated common parameters to generate complete, self-consistent and precise parameters. Further, MRO domain size and inter-void separation were correlated to identify the presence of FV at MRO boundaries. This enabled the first experimental reconstruction of hierarchical subset: SRO → MRO → FV → bulk structure. The first ever image of intermediate region between MRO domains emerged from this link. We clarify that determination of all subsets is not our objective; the essence and novelty of this work lies in directing the pathway towards finite solution, in the most logical and unambiguous way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdutta Lahiri
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - K V Mani Krishna
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ashok K Verma
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - P Modak
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - B Vishwanadh
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Physical Sciences Department, Elgin Community College, 1700 Spartan Drive, Elgin, IL, 60123, USA
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Materials Science, Kennametal Inc., 1600 Technology Way, Latrobe, PA, 15650, USA
| | - S K Sharma
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Sarkar
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | | | - A Biswas
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Nandini Garg
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - G K Dey
- Materials Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
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35
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Masai H, Koshimizu M, Kawamoto H, Setoyama H, Onodera Y, Ikeda K, Maruyama S, Haruta N, Sato T, Matsumoto Y, Takahashi C, Mizoguchi T. Combinatorial characterization of metastable luminous silver cations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4638. [PMID: 38409370 PMCID: PMC10897463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermodynamically metastable glasses that can contain metastable species are important functional materials. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is an effective technique for determining the valence states of cations, especially for the doping element in phosphors. Herein, we first confirm the valence change of silver cations from monovalent to trivalent in aluminophosphate glasses by X-ray irradiation using a combination of Ag L3-edge XANES, electron spin resonance, and simulated XANES spectra based on first-principles calculations. The absorption edge of the experimental and simulated XANES spectra demonstrate the spectral features of Ag(III), confirming that AgO exists as Ag(I)Ag(III)O2. A part of Ag(I) changes to Ag(III) by X-ray irradiation, and the generation of Ag(III) is saturated after high irradiation doses, in good agreement with conventional radiophotoluminescence (RPL) behaviour. The structural modelling based on a combination of quantum beam analysis suggests that the local coordination of Ag cations is similar to that of Ag(III), which is confirmed by density functional theory calculations. This demonstration of Ag(III) in glass overturns the conventional understanding of the RPL mechanism of silver cations, redefining the science of silver-related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Masai
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Masanori Koshimizu
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8011, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Setoyama
- Kyushu Synchrotron Light Research Center (SAGA Light Source), 8-7 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga, 841-0005, Japan
| | - Yohei Onodera
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-Cho, Sennan-Gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Shingo Maruyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Naoki Haruta
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-Cho 34-4, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tohru Sato
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-Cho 34-4, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Chika Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Teruyasu Mizoguchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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36
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Song L, Zhang H, Zhang J, Guo H. Prediction of heavy-section ductile iron fracture toughness based on machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4681. [PMID: 38409441 PMCID: PMC10897301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The preparation process and composition design of heavy-section ductile iron are the key factors affecting its fracture toughness. These factors are challenging to address due to the long casting cycle, high cost and complex influencing factors of this type of iron. In this paper, 18 cubic physical simulation test blocks with 400 mm wall thickness were prepared by adjusting the C, Si and Mn contents in heavy-section ductile iron using a homemade physical simulation casting system. Four locations with different cooling rates were selected for each specimen, and 72 specimens with different compositions and cooling times of the heavy-section ductile iron were prepared. Six machine learning-based heavy-section ductile iron fracture toughness predictive models were constructed based on measured data with the C content, Si content, Mn content and cooling rate as input data and the fracture toughness as the output data. The experimental results showed that the constructed bagging model has high accuracy in predicting the fracture toughness of heavy-section ductile iron, with a coefficient of coefficient (R2) of 0.9990 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.2373.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Automotive Engineering, Luzhou Vocational & Technical College, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Junxing Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Hai Guo
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
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37
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Samborska K, Budziak-Wieczorek I, Matwijczuk A, Witrowa-Rajchert D, Gagoś M, Gładyszewska B, Karcz D, Rybak K, Jaskulski M, Barańska A, Jedlińska A. Powdered plant beverages obtained by spray-drying without carrier addition-physicochemical and chemometric studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4488. [PMID: 38396043 PMCID: PMC10891148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-based beverages (PBs) are currently gaining interest among consumers who are seeking alternative sustainable options to traditional dairy drinks. The study aimed to obtain powdered plant beverages without the addition of carriers by spray drying method to implement them in the future as an alternative to the liquid form of dairy drinks. Some of the most well-known commercial beverages sources like soy, almond, rice and oat were analyzed in this work. The effect of different treatments (concentration, addition of oat fiber) and two approaches od spray drying (conventional high temperature spray drying-SD, and dehumidified air spray drying at low temperature-DASD) were presented. Moreover, moisture content, water activity, particle morphology and size of obtained powders were analyzed. It was possible to obtain PBs without the addition of carriers, although the drying yield of four basic beverages was low (16.1-37.4%). The treatments and change in spray drying approach enhanced the drying yield, especially for the concentrated beverage dried using DASD (59.2%). Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the differences in chemical composition of powdered PBs. FTIR analysis revealed differences in the range of the absorption frequency of amide I, amide II (1700-1500 cm-1) and carbohydrate region (1200-900 cm-1). Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to study the relationship between spray dried plant beverages samples based on the fingerprint region of FTIR spectra, as well as the physical characteristics. Additionally, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was employed to explore the clustering of the powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Samborska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Budziak-Wieczorek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
- ECOTECH-COMPLEX-Analytical and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally-Friendly Technologies, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Głęboka 39, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Gładyszewska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Karcz
- Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics, Krakow University of Technology, 31-155, Krakow, Poland
- ECOTECH-COMPLEX-Analytical and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally-Friendly Technologies, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Głęboka 39, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jaskulski
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 213, 93-005, Łódź, Poland
| | - Alicja Barańska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jedlińska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Ghorapade V, Wang WC. Electro-hydrodynamic programming reshapes liquid crystal dynamics in free-form director fields. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4226. [PMID: 38379092 PMCID: PMC10879181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study unveils a groundbreaking technique leveraging the superposition of electric field vectors to manipulate liquid crystals (LCs). Demonstrated through a simple configuration of four independent electrodes at the corners of a rectangular enclosure, notably, this configuration can be further simplified or modified as needed, showcasing the versatility of the approach. Significantly, the design showcased in the paper eliminates the need for an alignment layer, highlighting the versatility of the method. Through nuanced adjustments in waveforms, amplitudes, frequencies, and phases in AC or DC from these electrodes, precise control over LC shape deformation and dynamic phase transformation is achieved in both temporal and spatial dimensions. In contrast to traditional methods, the approach presented here abolishes alignment layers and intricate electrode-array systems, opting for a streamlined configuration with varying AC frequencies and DC electric signals. This innovative methodology, founded on simplified governing equations from Q-tensor hydrodynamics theory, demonstrates true 3D control over LCs, displaying efficiency in electrode usage beyond current arrays. The study's contributions extend to temporal control emphasis, superposition techniques, and the elimination of fixed electrodes, promising unprecedented possibilities for programming LC materials and advancing the field of programmable LC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Ghorapade
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Chih Wang
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, 98195, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, 98195, USA.
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39
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Pournajar M, Moretti P, Hosseini SA, Zaiser M. Creep failure of hierarchical materials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4238. [PMID: 38378777 PMCID: PMC10879160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Creep failure of hierarchical materials is investigated by simulation of beam network models. Such models are idealizations of hierarchical fibrous materials where bundles of load-carrying fibers are held together by multi-level (hierarchical) cross-links. Failure of individual beams is assumed to be governed by stress-assisted thermal activation over local barriers, and beam stresses are computed by solving the global balance equations of linear and angular momentum across the network. Disorder is mimicked by a statistical distribution of barrier heights. Both initially intact samples and samples containing side notches of various length are considered. Samples with hierarchical cross-link patterns are simulated alongside reference samples where cross-links are placed randomly without hierarchical organization. The results demonstrate that hierarchical patterning may strongly increase creep strain and creep lifetime while reducing the lifetime variation. This is due to the fact that hierarchical patterning induces a failure mode that differs significantly from the standard scenario of failure by nucleation and growth of a critical crack. Characterization of this failure mode demonstrates good agreement between the present simulations and experimental findings on hierarchically patterned paper sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Pournajar
- Department of Materials Science, WW8-Materials Simulation, FAU Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Straße 77, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Paolo Moretti
- Department of Materials Science, WW8-Materials Simulation, FAU Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Straße 77, 90762, Fürth, Germany.
| | - Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Department of Materials Science, WW8-Materials Simulation, FAU Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Straße 77, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Michael Zaiser
- Department of Materials Science, WW8-Materials Simulation, FAU Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Straße 77, 90762, Fürth, Germany
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40
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Du C, Lu X, Yi F. Impact of modifiers on soil-water characteristics of graphite tailings. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4186. [PMID: 38378766 PMCID: PMC10879505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To achieve integrated resource utilization of graphite tailings to improve their water-holding capacity, river silt and cow dung powder were added to graphite tailings as organic matter improvers. Improver ratios were designed using 4 g cow dung powder and 20, 30, and 50 g river silt. Soil-water characterization tests were performed using a combined tensiometer and filter paper method based on optimum density measurements. Analysis of the influence of river silt dosing on the soil-water characteristic curves of improved graphite tailing specimens was performed with data fitting using the Van Genuchten model. Here, we investigated the effect of river silt dosing on the internal pore structure and water-holding capacity of modified graphite tailing samples and verified the applicability of the model to graphite tailings. Our results demonstrate that the organic matter improver incorporated into graphite tailings can improve the internal structural compactness of graphite tailings, improving the water holding capacity. With an increase in river silt dosage, the saturated water content is larger, and the residual water content increases and then decreases. When river silt dosage is 30 g, the residual water content is the highest at a value of 3.32%. The van Genuchten model was highly accurate for assessing the graphite tailings. With an increase in river silt doping, the internal pore space first decreased and then increased, and the internal structure gradually became compact and loosened. The internal structure was in the optimal state in the experimental study when the dosage of cow dung powder was 4 g and the dosage of river silt was 30 g. The water holding capacity was optimal at this time. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for graphite-tailing-based mine reclamation and play a guiding role in exploring the value of the hydraulic characteristic index parameters when applying graphite tailings engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbo Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- College of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China
| | - Fu Yi
- College of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China.
- Beijing Jingneng Geological Engineering Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102300, China.
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41
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Taha M, Khalid A, Elmahgary MG, Medany SS, Attia YA. Fabricating a 3D floating porous PDMS - Ag/AgBr decorated g-C 3N 4 nanocomposite sponge as a re-usable visible light photocatalyst. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4184. [PMID: 38378707 PMCID: PMC10879194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) semiconductors was synthesized via a thermal condensation method. Subsequently, Ag/AgBr nanoparticles with varying ratios were decorated onto the g-C3N4 surface using the water/oil emulsion method. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using XRD for phase identification and structural analysis, HR-TEM and SEM&EDAX for morphological structure, particle size, and elemental composition analysis, and XPS for investigating the chemical state and electronic structure. The impact of Ag/AgBr content on the optical properties of g-C3N4 were also studied such as (optical bandgap (Eg), refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), optical conductivity (σopt) and dielectric function (ε*)), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), PL spectroscopy and Chrono-amperometric investigations were conducted to assess the charge transfer capabilities and long-term durability of the prepared nanocomposites. The results revealed a reduction in Ag/AgBr particle size with an increase in g-C3N4 content, accompanied by a decrease in the optical bandgap from 2.444 eV to 2.393 eV. Furthermore, the nanocomposites exhibited enhanced degradation efficiencies of RhB dye, with the highest tested content of Ag/AgBr achieving 100% degradation after 120 min of irradiation. However, the challenge of catalyst separation after the degradation process remained. To address this issue, we developed a novel approach by impregnating Ag/AgBr@g-C3N4 photocatalyst onto a floating porous sponge using a simple sugar-template technique, offering potential as a reusable photocatalyst material. Furthermore, the 3D PDMS - Ag/AgBr@g-C3N4 photocatalyst was evaluated and found to maintain nearly the same photocatalytic efficiency for up to 5 consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taha
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - A Khalid
- Department of Basic Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering (Shoubra), Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Maryam G Elmahgary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Chemical Engineering Department, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Elshrouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shymaa S Medany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Attia
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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42
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Wang Y, Yang S, Cai H, Hu H, Hu K, Sun Z, Liu R, Wei Y, Han L. A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4118. [PMID: 38374394 PMCID: PMC10876640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gelatin was widely used as scaffold materials in 3D bio-printing due to its excellent bioactivity and availability and especially that their arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequences could efficiently promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, an electroactive and 3D bio-printable hydrogel was prepared through a two-step chemical cross-linking process. Specifically, residual free amino groups of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) were cross-linked with the aldehyde groups of dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol (DF-PEG) via Schiff base bonds, forming a gel at 37 °C. During the subsequent 3D bio-printing process, GelMA underwent UV curing, forming a secondary cross-linked network to the mechanical strength and stability of the printed structure. The uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel significantly increased its conductivity. The optimized GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel, i.e., 30% GelMA and 25% DF-PEG (G30D25-CNTs), exhibited superior bio-printability. When the content of CNTs was above 4%, the conductivity of G30D25-CNTs hydrogel exceeded 10-2 S/m, which satisfied the needs of cells for micro-current stimulation. Furthermore, the pore microstructures, swelling behavior, degradation ability and cell toxicity of G30D25-CNTs electroactive hydrogels were thoroughly evaluated. Thus, the G30D25-CNTs hydrogel with 4% MWCNTs could be considered for further application in electrical stimulation of tissue regeneration such as muscle and cardiac nerve tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Songsong Yang
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Heqing Cai
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Kun Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Ruping Liu
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Lu Han
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China.
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43
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Mu D, Zhou L, Shi L, Liu T, Guo Y, Chen H, Luo H, Ma J, Zhang H, Xiong P, Tian L. Quercetin-crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles: a potential treatment for allergic rhinitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4021. [PMID: 38369554 PMCID: PMC10874938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains a major health problem worldwide. Compared with traditional oral drugs, nasal administration avoids first-pass metabolism and achieve faster and more effective efficacy. In this study, we used the ion crosslinking method to prepare quercetin-chitosan nasal adaptive nanomedicine (QCS) delivery system and evaluated in the treatment of allergic rhinitis mice models. The obtained positively charged nanoparticles with a particle size of 229.2 ± 0.2 nm have excellent characteristics in encapsulation efficiency (79.604%), drug loading rate (14.068%), drug release (673.068 μg) and stability(> 7 days). Excitingly, QCS treatment significantly reduced the number of sneezing and nasal rubbing events in AR mice, while reducing the levels of inflammatory factors such as immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL)-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and (IL)-6 to alleviate AR symptoms. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining also showed the damaged nasal mucosa was improved. These experimental results suggest that QCS can effectively suppress allergic inflammation in a mouse model and hold promise as a therapeutic option for allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Mu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Department of Nanchong Vocational College of Science and Technology, Nanchong, 637200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizheng Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Parate SK, Vura S, Pal S, Khandelwal U, Sandilya Ventrapragada RS, Rai RK, Molleti SH, Kumar V, Patil G, Jain M, Mallya A, Ahmadi M, Kooi B, Avasthi S, Ranjan R, Raghavan S, Chandorkar S, Nukala P. Giant electrostriction-like response from defective non-ferroelectric epitaxial BaTiO 3 integrated on Si (100). Nat Commun 2024; 15:1428. [PMID: 38365898 PMCID: PMC10873356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lead-free, silicon compatible materials showing large electromechanical responses comparable to, or better than conventional relaxor ferroelectrics, are desirable for various nanoelectromechanical devices and applications. Defect-engineered electrostriction has recently been gaining popularity to obtain enhanced electromechanical responses at sub 100 Hz frequencies. Here, we report record values of electrostrictive strain coefficients (M31) at frequencies as large as 5 kHz (1.04×10-14 m2/V2 at 1 kHz, and 3.87×10-15 m2/V2 at 5 kHz) using A-site and oxygen-deficient barium titanate thin-films, epitaxially integrated onto Si. The effect is robust and retained upon cycling upto 6 million times. Our perovskite films are non-ferroelectric, exhibit a different symmetry compared to stoichiometric BaTiO3 and are characterized by twin boundaries and nano polar-like regions. We show that the dielectric relaxation arising from the defect-induced features correlates well with the observed giant electrostriction-like response. These films show large coefficient of thermal expansion (2.36 × 10-5/K), which along with the giant M31 implies a considerable increase in the lattice anharmonicity induced by the defects. Our work provides a crucial step forward towards formulating guidelines to engineer large electromechanical responses even at higher frequencies in lead-free thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar Parate
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
| | - Sandeep Vura
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
| | - Subhajit Pal
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Upanya Khandelwal
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | | | - Rajeev Kumar Rai
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sri Harsha Molleti
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Vishnu Kumar
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Girish Patil
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Mudit Jain
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Ambresh Mallya
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
- CogniGron center, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Sushobhan Avasthi
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Srinivasan Raghavan
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Saurabh Chandorkar
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Pavan Nukala
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
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45
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Nakatani H, Narizumi S, Okubo S, Motokucho S, Dao ATN, Kim HJ, Yagi M, Kyozuka Y, Miura S, Josyula KV. Study on the onset mechanism of bio-blister degradation of polyolefin by diatom attachment in seawater. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3902. [PMID: 38366080 PMCID: PMC10873352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It is essential to develop a mechanism for lowering the molecular weight of polyolefins to achieve biodegradation in seawater. In this study, a polypropylene/polylactic acid blend sample was first subjected to photodegradation pretreatment, and it was confirmed that in pure water, the acid generated promotes the polypropylene degradation (autoxidation), while in alkaline seawater, the promotion was inhibited by a neutralization reaction. In the autoxidation of polyolefins in alkaline seawater, aqueous Cl- was also the inhibitor. However, we found that autoxidation could be initiated even in seawater by lowering the pH and using dissociation of ClOH (called blister degradation). The blister degradation mechanism enabled autoxidation, even in seawater, by taking advantage of the ability of diatoms to secrete transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) to prevent direct contact between the surface layer of polyolefins and alkaline seawater. We named blister degradation in seawater with diatoms as bio-blister degradation and confirmed its manifestation using linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/starch samples by SEM, IR, DSC and GPC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Nakatani
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machiachi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Shun Narizumi
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Seiya Okubo
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Suguru Motokucho
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machiachi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Anh Thi Ngoc Dao
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Yagi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yusaku Kyozuka
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machiachi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Miura
- BioLogiQ Japan LLC, 3-9-10-347, Takaidohigashi, Suginami, Tokyo, 1680072, Japan
| | - Kanth V Josyula
- BioLogiQ, Inc., 3834 Professional Way, Idaho Falls, ID, 83402, USA
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46
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Dagdelen J, Dunn A, Lee S, Walker N, Rosen AS, Ceder G, Persson KA, Jain A. Structured information extraction from scientific text with large language models. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1418. [PMID: 38360817 PMCID: PMC10869356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracting structured knowledge from scientific text remains a challenging task for machine learning models. Here, we present a simple approach to joint named entity recognition and relation extraction and demonstrate how pretrained large language models (GPT-3, Llama-2) can be fine-tuned to extract useful records of complex scientific knowledge. We test three representative tasks in materials chemistry: linking dopants and host materials, cataloging metal-organic frameworks, and general composition/phase/morphology/application information extraction. Records are extracted from single sentences or entire paragraphs, and the output can be returned as simple English sentences or a more structured format such as a list of JSON objects. This approach represents a simple, accessible, and highly flexible route to obtaining large databases of structured specialized scientific knowledge extracted from research papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dagdelen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Dunn
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Rosen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anubhav Jain
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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47
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Ping L, Minarik GE, Gao H, Cao J, Li T, Kitadai H, Ling X. Synthesis of 2D layered transition metal (Ni, Co) hydroxides via edge-on condensation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3817. [PMID: 38361022 PMCID: PMC10869340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Layered transition metal hydroxides (LTMHs) with transition metal centers sandwiched between layers of coordinating hydroxide anions have attracted considerable interest for their potential in developing clean energy sources and storage technologies. However, two-dimensional (2D) LTMHs remain largely understudied in terms of physical properties and applications in electronic devices. Here, for the first time we report > 20 μm α-Ni(OH)2 2D crystals, synthesized from hydrothermal reaction. And an edge-on condensation mechanism assisted with the crystal field geometry is proposed to understand the 2D intra-planar growth of the crystals, which is also testified through series of systematic comparative studies. We also report the successful synthesis of 2D Co(OH)2 crystals (> 40 μm) with more irregular shape due to the slightly distorted octahedral geometry of the crystal field. Moreover, the detailed structural characterization of synthesized α-Ni(OH)2 are performed. The optical band gap energy is extrapolated as 2.54 eV from optical absorption measurements and the electronic bandgap is measured as 2.52 eV from reflected electrons energy loss spectroscopy (REELS). We further demonstrate its potential as a wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor for high voltage operation in 2D electronics with a high breakdown strength, 4.77 MV/cm with 4.9 nm thickness. The successful realization of the 2D LTMHs opens the door for future exploration of more fundamental physical properties and device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ping
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, 15 St. Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gillian E Minarik
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hongze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tianshu Li
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, 15 St. Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hikari Kitadai
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xi Ling
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, 15 St. Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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48
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Fuest S, Salviano-Silva A, Maire CL, Xu Y, Apel C, Grust ALC, Delle Coste A, Gosau M, Ricklefs FL, Smeets R. Doping of casted silk fibroin membranes with extracellular vesicles for regenerative therapy: a proof of concept. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3553. [PMID: 38347108 PMCID: PMC10861453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive material concepts for targeted therapy have been an important research focus in regenerative medicine for years. The aim of this study was to investigate a proof-of-concept composite structure in the form of a membrane made of natural silk fibroin (SF) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) from gingival fibroblasts. EVs have multiple abilities to act on their target cell and can thus play crucial roles in both physiology and regeneration. This study used pH neutral, degradable SF-based membranes, which have excellent cell- and tissue-specific properties, as the carrier material. The characterization of the vesicles showed a size range between 120 and 180 nm and a high expression of the usual EV markers (e.g. CD9, CD63 and CD81), measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and single-EV flow analysis (IFCM). An initial integration of the EVs into the membrane was analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and vesicles were successfully detected, even if they were not homogeneously distributed in the membrane. Using direct and indirect tests, the cytocompatibility of the membranes with and without EVs could be proven and showed significant differences compared to the toxic control (p < 0.05). Additionally, proliferation of L929 cells was increased on membranes functionalized with EVs (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fuest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Amanda Salviano-Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecile L Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of RWTH Aachen University and Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Apel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of RWTH Aachen University and Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Audrey Laure Céline Grust
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arianna Delle Coste
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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49
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Kim AY, Na C, Lim AR. Crystal structures, phase transitions, thermodynamics, and molecular dynamics of organic-inorganic hybrid crystal [NH(CH 3) 3] 2ZnCl 4. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3441. [PMID: 38341522 PMCID: PMC10858887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid [NH(CH3)3]2ZnCl4 is necessary for its potential application in batteries and fuel cells due to its environmentally-friendly, and highly stable character. Here, we determine its overall properties in detail, such as its orthorhombic crystal structure, and phase transition temperatures associated with five different phases. Structural geometry was studied by the chemical shifts caused by the local field around 1H. No changes were observed for the environment around 1H for CH3, whereas the 1H chemical shifts around NH in the cation were shown due to the change in the hydrogen bond N‒H···Cl. This is related to the change in Cl around Zn in the anion. In addition, the coordination geometry of 14N and 1H around 13C exhibited increased symmetry at high temperatures. Finally, we were able to understand its molecular dynamics by the significant change with temperature observed from the spin-lattice relaxation time T1ρ values, which represent the energy transfer for the 1H and 13C atoms of the cation. The activation energies obtained from the T1ρ results were 3-4 times large at phase I (> 348 K) than at phase V and IV (< 286 K). The relaxations show that the energy barriers in phases IV and V are related to the reorientation of methyl groups around the triple symmetry axis, while the reorientation of methyl groups of the cation in phase I is related to as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Young Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea
| | - Changyub Na
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea
| | - Ae Ran Lim
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea.
- Department of Science Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea.
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50
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Shazly RIE, El-Sheshtawy HS, Ahmed NS, Nassar AM. Synthesis and biodegradation testing of some synthetic oils based on ester. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3416. [PMID: 38341447 PMCID: PMC10858935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic ester oils are widely used in many applications due to their ideal cleaning properties, lubricating performance and assured polarity. The majority of esters oils are more biodegradable. than any other base stock. For instance, oil soluble polyalkyleneglycols (PAGs) or polyalphaolephins (PAOs), are only biodegradable in the lower viscosity grades. The goal of this study is to create some synthetic base oils by two major protocols; the first is esterifying valeric acid with various glycols (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and poly (ethylene glycol 400). The second involves esterification of propanoic acid, heptanoic acid, or octanoic acid with ethylene glycol. The reaction yield varies between 85 and 94%. The chemical composition of the prepared esters was examined using various spectroscopic methods (Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties investigation by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed pronounced thermal stability of the prepared esters. The biodegradability was verified versus two bacterial isolates (B1, B2). The results showed that percentage of degradation of the lube oil was in the range of 34% to 84% after 3 days of incubation. Moreover, the rheological study revealed that the prepared esters exhibited Newtonian rheological behaviours. Viscosity examination displayed that the esters based on ethylene glycol, such as (A), had the highest VI: 179 values when compared to those based on higher glycols. Viscosity and viscosity index results showed slight increase as the number of carbon atoms in the acid chain increases. At last, most of the synthesized esters possessed pour points ≤ - 32 °C: ≤ - 40 except in case of using higher acids like heptanoic acid and octanoic acid in preparation the pour point increases to - 9 °C and - 15 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham I El Shazly
- Department of Petroleum Applications, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Huda S El-Sheshtawy
- Department of Biotechnology, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal S Ahmed
- Department of Petroleum Applications, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Nassar
- Department of Petroleum Applications, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
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