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Si C, Nickerson K, Simmons T, Denton P, Nichols MR, Dysko RC, Hoenerhoff M, Mani R, Woods C, Henderson KS, Freeman ZT. Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Identification of Enterobacter hormaechei as Causative Agent of High Mortality Disease in NOD.Cg- PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2024:1926233241231286. [PMID: 38477038 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241231286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice, lacking many components of a mature immune system, are at increased risk of disease. General understanding of potential pathogens of these mice is limited. We describe a high mortality disease outbreak caused by an opportunistic bacterial infection in NSG mice. Affected animals exhibited perianal fecal staining, dehydration, and wasting. Histopathologic lesions included a primary necrotizing enterocolitis, with inflammatory and necrotizing lesions also occurring in the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain of some mice. All affected individuals tested negative for known opportunistic pathogens of immunodeficient mice. We initially identified a member of Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) in association with the outbreak by traditional diagnostics. ECC was cultured from extraintestinal organs, both with and without histopathologic lesions, suggesting bacteremia. Infrared spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry demonstrated that isolates from the outbreak shared molecular features and likely a common origin. We subsequently hypothesized that advanced sequencing methods would identify a single species of ECC associated with clinical disease. Using a novel targeted amplicon-based next-generation sequencing assay, we identified Enterobacter hormaechei in association with this outbreak. Knowledge of this organism as a potential opportunistic pathogen in NSG mice is critical for preclinical studies to prevent loss of animals and confounding of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Si
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rinosh Mani
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Cheryl Woods
- Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts, USA
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Tomiyama T, Suzuki R, Harada N, Tamura T, Toshida K, Kosai-Fujimoto Y, Tomino T, Yoshiya S, Nagao Y, Takeishi K, Itoh S, Kobayashi N, Ito H, Yoshio S, Kanto T, Yoshizumi T, Fukuhara T. A third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine sufficiently improves the neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants in liver transplant recipients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1197349. [PMID: 37260700 PMCID: PMC10229048 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1197349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We examined the neutralizing antibody production efficiency of the second and third severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine doses (2nd- and 3rd-dose) and neutralizing activity on mutant strains, including, the Ancestral, Beta and Omicron strains using green fluorescent protein-carrying recombinant SARS-CoV-2, in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients. Methods The patients who were administered vaccines other than Pfizer- BioNTechBNT162b2 and who had coronavirus disease 2019 in this study period were excluded. We enrolled 154 LDLT recipients and 50 healthy controls. Result The median time were 21 days (between 1st and 2nd vaccination) and 244 days (between 2nd and 3rd vaccination). The median neutralizing antibody titer after 2nd-dose was lower in LDLT recipients than in controls (0.46 vs 1.00, P<0.0001). All controls had SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, whereas 39 LDLT recipients (25.3%) had no neutralizing antibodies after 2nd-dose; age at vaccination, presence of ascites, multiple immunosuppressive treatments, and mycophenolate mofetil treatment were significant risk factors for nonresponder. The neutralizing activities of recipient sera were approximately 3-fold and 5-fold lower than those of control sera against the Ancestral and Beta strains, respectively. The median antibody titer after 3rd-dose was not significantly different between recipients and controls (1.02 vs 1.22, p=0.0758); only 5% recipients was non-responder. The neutralizing activity after third dose to Omicron strains were enhanced and had no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion Only the 2nd-dose was not sufficiently effective in recipients; however, 3rd-dose had sufficient neutralizing activity against the mutant strain and was as effective as that in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tomiyama
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Toshida
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiko- Kosai-Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tomino
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshiya
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nagao
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takeishi
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Yoshio
- Department of Liver Disease, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- Department of Liver Disease, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Gupta AM, Chakrabarti J. Effect on the conformations of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 due to mutation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022:10.1002/bab.2413. [PMID: 36314068 PMCID: PMC9874481 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates receptor binding and cell entry and is the key immunogenic target for virus neutralization and the present attention of many vaccine layouts. It exhibits significant conformational flexibility. We study the structural fluctuations of spike protein among the most common mutations that appeared in the variant of concerns (VOC). We report the thermodynamics of conformational changes in mutant spike protein with respect to the wild-type from the distributions of the dihedral angles obtained from the equilibrium configurations generated via all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the mutation causes the increase in distance between the N-terminal domain and receptor binding domain, leading to an obtuse angle cosine θ distribution in the trimeric structure in spike protein. Thus, an increase in open state is conferred to the more infectious variants of SARS-CoV-2. The thermodynamically destabilized and disordered residues of receptor binding motif among the mutant variants of spike protein are proposed to serve as better binding sites for the host factor. We identify a short stretch of region connecting the N-terminal domain and receptor binding domain forming a linker loop where many residues undergo stabilization in the open state compared to the closed one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayatti Mallick Gupta
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macro‐Molecular SciencesS.N. Bose National Centre for Basic SciencesKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Jaydeb Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macro‐Molecular SciencesS.N. Bose National Centre for Basic SciencesKolkataWest BengalIndia
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Joshi R, Singla R, Mishra A, Kumar M, Singh RS, Singh A, Bansal S, Sharma AR, Sarma P, Prakash A, Medhi B. A systematic review on SARS-CoV-2 remission: an Emerging challenge for its management, treatment, immunization strategies and post-treatment guidelines. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 45:100949. [PMID: 35018221 PMCID: PMC8739778 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed as a major health concern for people all across the globe. Along with the increasing confirmed patients being readmitted with complaints for fever, cough, cold, the effective monitoring of 'relapse' of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the previously discharged patients have become the next area of focus. However, availability of limited data on reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 makes the disease prognosis as well as the effective control of re-infection an immense challenge. Prompted by these challenges, we assessed the possibility of re-infection in discharged patients and the risk of the transmission, proficiency of RT-PCR results and approximate period required for the quarantine and the real challenges for the development of vaccine. In the present review, the published literature on all the possible cases of re-infection from February to July were reported, thereby selected 142 studies from a hub of overall 669 studies after full text screening. The incomplete virus clearance, poor sensitivity of the present diagnostic testing, emergence of mutant strains, insufficient mucus collection from the throat swab etc. are some of the possible causes of re-infection. The new protocols for management of COVID-19 discharged patients should be revised in the guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Rubal Singla
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Rahul Soloman Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Seema Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
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Betti M, Bragazzi N, Heffernan J, Kong J, Raad A. Could a New COVID-19 Mutant Strain Undermine Vaccination Efforts? A Mathematical Modelling Approach for Estimating the Spread of B.1.1.7 Using Ontario, Canada, as a Case Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:592. [PMID: 34204918 PMCID: PMC8227606 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections represent highly dynamic processes, characterized by evolutionary changes and events that involve both the pathogen and the host. Among infectious agents, viruses, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the infectious agent responsible for the currently ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic, have a particularly high mutation rate. Taking into account the mutational landscape of an infectious agent, it is important to shed light on its evolution capability over time. As new, more infectious strains of COVID-19 emerge around the world, it is imperative to estimate when these new strains may overtake the wild-type strain in different populations. Therefore, we developed a general-purpose framework to estimate the time at which a mutant variant is able to take over a wild-type strain during an emerging infectious disease outbreak. In this study, we used COVID-19 as a case-study; however, the model is adaptable to any emerging pathogen. We devised a two-strain mathematical framework to model a wild- and a mutant-type viral population and fit cumulative case data to parameterize the model, using Ontario as a case study. We found that, in the context of under-reporting and the current case levels, a variant strain was unlikely to dominate until March/April 2021. The current non-pharmaceutical interventions in Ontario need to be kept in place longer even with vaccination in order to prevent another outbreak. The spread of a variant strain in Ontario will likely be observed by a widened peak of the daily reported cases. If vaccine efficacy is maintained across strains, then it is still possible to achieve high levels of immunity in the population by the end of 2021. Our findings have important practical implications in terms of public health as policy- and decision-makers are equipped with a mathematical tool that can enable the estimation of the take-over of a mutant strain of an emerging infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattew Betti
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.B.); (J.H.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jane Heffernan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.B.); (J.H.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
- Centre for Disease Modeling, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jude Kong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.B.); (J.H.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
- Centre for Disease Modeling, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Angie Raad
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.B.); (J.H.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
- Centre for Disease Modeling, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Huo H, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen J, Wei G. A Nod factor- and type III secretion system-dependent manner for Robinia pseudoacacia to establish symbiosis with Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:817-835. [PMID: 33219377 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, symbiotic nodulation promotes the growth of legume plants via the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia by rhizobia in root nodules. The rhizobial Nod factor (NF) and type III secretion system (T3SS) are two key signaling pathways for establishing the legume-rhizobium symbiosis. However, whether NF signaling is involved in the nodulation of Robinia pseudoacacia and Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123, and its symbiotic differences compared with T3SS signaling remain unclear. Therefore, to elucidate the function of NF signaling in nodulation, we mutated nodC in M. amorphae CCNWGS0123, which aborted NF synthesis. Compared with the plants inoculated with the wild type strain, the plants inoculated with the NF-deficient strain exhibited shorter shoots with etiolated leaves. These phenotypic characteristics were similar to those of the plants inoculated with the T3SS-deficient strain, which served as a Nod- (non-effective nodulation) control. The plants inoculated with both the NF- and T3SS-deficient strains formed massive root hair swellings, but no normal infection threads were detected. Sections of the nodules showed that inoculation with the NF- and T3SS-deficient strains induced small, white bumps without any rhizobia inside. Analyzing the accumulation of 6 plant hormones and the expression of 10 plant genes indicated that the NF- and T3SS-deficient strains activated plant defense reactions while suppressing plant symbiotic signaling during the perception and nodulation processes. The requirement for NF signaling appeared to be conserved in two other leguminous trees that can establish symbiosis with M. amorphae CCNWGS0123. In contrast, the function of the T3SS might differ among species, even within the same subfamily (Faboideae). Overall, this work demonstrated that nodulation of R. pseudoacacia and M. amorphae CCNWGS0123 was both NF and T3SS dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water conservation, Northwest A&F University, 26 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Han C, Fang L, Liu C, Gao Y, Min W. Construction of Novel Aspartokinase Mutant A380I and Its Characterization by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Molecules 2018; 23:E3379. [PMID: 30572676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel monomer aspartokinase (AK) from Corynebacterium pekinense was identified, and its monomer model was constructed. Site 380 was identified by homologous sequencing and monomer model comparison as the key site which was conserved and located around the binding site of the inhibitor Lys. Furthermore, the mutant A380I with enzyme activity 11.32-fold higher than wild type AK (WT-AK), was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis and high throughput screening. In the mutant A380I, the optimal temperature was raised from 26 °C (WT-AK) to 28 °C, the optimal pH remained unchanged at 8.0, and the half-life was prolonged from 4.5 h (WT-AK) to 6.0 h, indicating enhanced thermal stability. The inhibition of A380I was weakened at various inhibitor concentrations and even activated at certain inhibitor concentrations (10 mM of Lys, 5 mM or 10 mM of Lys + Thr, 10 mM of Lys + Met, 5 mM of Lys + Thr + Met). Molecular dynamics simulation results indicated that the occupancy rate of hydrogen bond between A380I and ATP was enhanced, the effect of Lys (inhibitor) on the protein was weakened, and the angle between Ser281-Tyre358 and Asp359-Gly427 was increased after mutation, leading to an open conformation (R-state) that favored the binding of substrate.
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Irie R, Kamagata K, Kerever A, Ueda R, Yokosawa S, Otake Y, Ochi H, Yoshizawa H, Hayashi A, Tagawa K, Okazawa H, Takahashi K, Sato K, Hori M, Arikawa-Hirasawa E, Aoki S. The Relationship between Neurite Density Measured with Confocal Microscopy in a Cleared Mouse Brain and Metrics Obtained from Diffusion Tensor and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 2017; 17:138-144. [PMID: 29213008 PMCID: PMC5891339 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) enables sensitive measurement of tissue microstructure by quantifying the non-Gaussian diffusion of water. Although DKI is widely applied in many situations, histological correlation with DKI analysis is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between DKI metrics and neurite density measured using confocal microscopy of a cleared mouse brain. Methods: One thy-1 yellow fluorescent protein 16 mouse was deeply anesthetized and perfusion fixation was performed. The brain was carefully dissected out and whole-brain MRI was performed using a 7T animal MRI system. DKI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were obtained. After the MRI scan, brain sections were prepared and then cleared using aminoalcohols (CUBIC). Confocal microscopy was performed using a two-photon confocal microscope with a laser. Forty-eight ROIs were set on the caudate putamen, seven ROIs on the anterior commissure, and seven ROIs on the ventral hippocampal commissure on the confocal microscopic image and a corresponding MR image. In each ROI, histological neurite density and the metrics of DKI and DTI were calculated. The correlations between diffusion metrics and neurite density were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Results: Mean kurtosis (MK) (P = 5.2 × 10−9, r = 0.73) and radial kurtosis (P = 2.3 × 10−9, r = 0.74) strongly correlated with neurite density in the caudate putamen. The correlation between fractional anisotropy (FA) and neurite density was moderate (P = 0.0030, r = 0.42). In the anterior commissure and the ventral hippocampal commissure, neurite density and FA are very strongly correlated (P = 1.3 × 10−5, r = 0.90). MK in these areas were very high value and showed no significant correlation (P = 0.48). Conclusion: DKI accurately reflected neurite density in the area with crossing fibers, potentially allowing evaluation of complex microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Irie
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.,Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Aurelien Kerever
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryo Ueda
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School of Human Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Hidekazu Yoshizawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ayato Hayashi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kohske Takahashi
- Department of Psychology, Chukyo University.,Araya Brain Imaging
| | - Kanako Sato
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
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Hu D, Tang K, Miao Z. [Preparation of catalitaxol-deficient defective strains by using ultraviolet mutagenesis]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2017; 33:838-848. [PMID: 28876038 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.160447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi FSN002 from Juglans mandshurica Maxim have excellent liver cancer resistance. Preparation of mutant strains is an important means to study the biosynthesis mechanism of catalitaxol. Fungal spores germinating young hyphae with 4 to 6 cells after culturing for 13 hours were used as starting materials of ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis. UV light intensity and irradiation time have a linear relationship with fungal mortality. The two factors had no obvious interactions. When UV light was 90 000 μJ/cm2 and irradiation time for 6 s, the mortality of fungi was around 95%. Under the optimization mutation condition, two mutant strains were obtained, of which one lost the synthesis ability of catalitaxol completely, and the another synthetized only 16% catalitaxol of the wild strain. Our findings may serve basis for further study on the biosynthesis mechanism and efficient production of catalitaxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- The Agricultural and Biological School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- The Agricultural and Biological School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiqi Miao
- The Agricultural and Biological School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Betancur C, Lépée-Lorgeoux I, Cazillis M, Accili D, Fuchs S, Rostène W. Neurotensin gene expression and behavioral responses following administration of psychostimulants and antipsychotic drugs in dopamine D(3) receptor deficient mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001; 24:170-82. [PMID: 11120399 PMCID: PMC2556380 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to psychostimulants and antipsychotics increases neurotensin (NT) gene expression in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. To investigate the contribution of D(3) receptors to these effects we used mice with targeted disruption of the D(3) receptor gene. Basal NT mRNA expression was similar in D(3) receptor mutant mice and wild-type animals. Acute administration of haloperidol increased NT gene expression in the striatum in D(3)+/+, D(3)+/- and D(3)-/- mice. Similarly, acute cocaine and amphetamine induced NT mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens shell and olfactory tubercle to a comparable extent in D(3) mutants and wild-type mice. Daily injection of cocaine for seven days increased NT mRNA in a restricted population of neurons in the dorsomedial caudal striatum of D(3)+/+ mice, but not in D(3)-/- and D(3)+/- animals. No differences were observed between D(3) receptor mutant mice and wild-type littermates in the locomotor activity and stereotyped behaviors induced by repeated cocaine administration. These findings demonstrate that dopamine D(3) receptors are not necessary for the acute NT mRNA response to drugs of abuse and antipsychotics but appear to play a role in the regulation of NT gene induction in striatal neurons after repeated cocaine. In addition, our results indicate that the acute locomotor response to cocaine and development of psychostimulant-induced behavioral sensitization do not require functional D(3) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Betancur
- Imagerie cellulaire des neurorécepteurs et physiopathologie neuroendocrinienne
INSERM : U339Hôpital Saint-Antoine
184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine
75571 Paris Cedex 12,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Catalina Betancur
| | - Isabelle Lépée-Lorgeoux
- Imagerie cellulaire des neurorécepteurs et physiopathologie neuroendocrinienne
INSERM : U339Hôpital Saint-Antoine
184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine
75571 Paris Cedex 12,FR
| | - Michèle Cazillis
- Croissance, différenciation et processus tumoraux
INSERM : U515Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VIHôpital Saint-Antoine
184, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine
75571 PARIS CEDEX 12,FR
| | - Domenico Accili
- Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
NIHBethesda, MD 20892,US
| | - Sara Fuchs
- Department of Immunology
Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 76100,IL
| | - William Rostène
- Imagerie cellulaire des neurorécepteurs et physiopathologie neuroendocrinienne
INSERM : U339Hôpital Saint-Antoine
184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine
75571 Paris Cedex 12,FR
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