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Stewart F, Kistler K, Du Y, Singh RR, Dean BB, Kong SX. Exploring kidney dialysis costs in the United States: a scoping review. J Med Econ 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38605648 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2024.2342210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The increasing prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States (US) represents a considerable economic burden due to the high cost of dialysis treatment. This review examines data from real-world studies to identify cost drivers and explore areas where dialysis costs could be reduced. METHODS We identified and synthesized evidence published from 2016-2023 reporting direct dialysis costs in adult US patients from a comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and grey literature sources (eg, US Renal Data System reports). RESULTS Most identified data related to Medicare expenditures. Overall Medicare spending in 2020 was $29B for hemodialysis and $2.8B for peritoneal dialysis (PD). Dialysis costs accounted for almost 80% of total Medicare expenditures on ESRD beneficiaries. Private insurance payers consistently pay more for dialysis; for example, per person per month spending by private insurers on outpatient dialysis was estimated at $10,149 compared with Medicare spending of $3,364. Dialysis costs were higher in specific high-risk patient groups (eg, type 2 diabetes, hepatitis C). Spending on hemodialysis was higher than on PD, but the gap in spending between PD and hemodialysis is closing. Vascular access costs accounted for a substantial proportion of dialysis costs. LIMITATIONS Insufficient detail in the identified studies, especially related to outpatient costs, limits opportunities to identify key drivers. Differences between the studies in methods of measuring dialysis costs make generalization of these results difficult. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that prevention of or delay in progression to ESRD could have considerable cost savings for Medicare and private payers, particularly in patients with high-risk conditions such as type 2 diabetes. More efficient use of resources is needed, including low-cost medication, to improve clinical outcomes and lower overall costs, especially in high-risk groups. Widening access to PD where it is safe and appropriate may help to reduce dialysis costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Stewart
- Cencora, Biopharma Services; 1 West First Avenue, Conshohocken, PA 19428
| | - Kristin Kistler
- Cencora, Biopharma Services; 1 West First Avenue, Conshohocken, PA 19428
| | - Yuxian Du
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; 100 Bayer Blvd, Whippany, NJ 07981
| | - Rakesh R Singh
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; 100 Bayer Blvd, Whippany, NJ 07981
| | - Bonnie B Dean
- Cencora, Biopharma Services; 1 West First Avenue, Conshohocken, PA 19428
| | - Sheldon X Kong
- Cencora, Biopharma Services; 1 West First Avenue, Conshohocken, PA 19428
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Buchi-Velazquez A, Escobar-Torres D, Veloso V, Ferraro N. Clinical and radiographic characterization of external root resorption. Medwave 2024; 24:e2780. [PMID: 38574291 DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2024.03.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The following bibliographic review was carried out with the purpose of recognizing the clinical and radiographic characteristics that must be considered in the diagnosis of external root resorption, including treatments. Methods A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases under the term "external root resorption", from 2010 to 2022 in Spanish and English. Experimental studies and bibliographic reviews were selected, and finally 17 articles were included. Results The results obtained indicated that each type of resorption presents specific clinical characteristics that differentiate them, these are: for external inflammatory resorption a negative pulp vitality; for replacement external resorption the absence of mobility and metallic percussion; for cervical external resorption a pink coloration of the crown; superficial external resorption does not present any type of clinical symptoms and transient apical collapse presents a transient change in color. Conclusion External root resorptions require accurate and early diagnosis. A clinical examination should be performed with emphasis on the following: probing, coloration, mobility, and vitality tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Buchi-Velazquez
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Escobar-Torres
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Veloso
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Ferraro
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Oelerich O, Daume L, Yekkalam N, Hanisch M, Menne MC. Temporomandibular disorders among Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: a narrative review. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241242582. [PMID: 38603608 PMCID: PMC11010766 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241242582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review aims to demonstrate and summarize the complex relationship between Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by reviewing the results of observational studies and case reports. EDS are a set of hereditary connective tissue disorders, where generalized joint hypermobility (GJH), especially in the hypermobile subtype (hEDS), is a key symptom. Mutations have been identified in genes that impact the production or assembly of collagen for all subtypes except hEDS. While the correlation between GJH and TMD has been analysed in various studies, fewer studies have examined TMD in patients with EDS, with most showing an increased prevalence of TMD. In case-control studies, an elevated prevalence of myalgia, arthralgia and disc-related disorders was found in individuals with EDS. Various therapeutic interventions have been reported within the literature in the form of case reports and observational studies, but there are no long-term clinical trials with results on the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches to date. This review demonstrates the high prevalence of different TMDs in different subtypes of EDS, but also shows that little is known about the success of treatment thus far. Further clinical research is necessary to provide adequate guidance on targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Oelerich
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Linda Daume
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Unit Rare Diseases with Orofacial Manifestations (RDOM), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Negin Yekkalam
- Department of Clinical Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcel Hanisch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Unit Rare Diseases with Orofacial Manifestations (RDOM), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max C. Menne
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany
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Kalisch Ellett LM, Janetzki JL, Lim R, Laba TL, Pratt NL. Innovations in pharmacovigilance studies of medicines in older people. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38529693 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance is defined by the World Health Organization as "the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other medicine/vaccine related problem". Pharmacovigilance studies are critical for detecting and assessing adverse events of medicines that may not have been observed in clinical trials. This activity is especially important in older people who are often excluded from clinical trials as they have multiple chronic conditions and use multiple medicines for longer durations than the clinical trials. In this narrative review we describe innovative methods in pharmacovigilance studies of medicines in older people that leverage the increasing availability of digital health technologies, electronic health records and real-world health data to identify and quantify medication related harms in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kalisch Ellett
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack L Janetzki
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Renly Lim
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tracey-Lea Laba
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole L Pratt
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Anigilaje EA, Nasir ZA, Walton C. Exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) at Nigeria's petrol stations: a review of current status, challenges and future directions. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1295758. [PMID: 38590813 PMCID: PMC11000709 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1295758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Nigeria, because of increasing population, urbanization, industrialization, and auto-mobilization, petrol is the most everyday non-edible commodity, and it is the leading petroleum product traded at the proliferating Nigeria's petrol stations (NPSs). However, because of inadequate occupational health and safety (OHS) regulatory measures, working at NPSs exposes petrol station workers (PSWs) to a large amount of hazardous benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds. Methods Studies on BTEX exposures among Nigerian PSWs are scarce. Thus, constraints in quantifying the health risks of BTEX limit stakeholders' ability to design practical risk assessment and risk control strategies. This paper reviews studies on the OHS of Nigerian PSWs at the NPSs. Results Although knowledge, attitude, and practices on OHS in NPSs vary from one Nigeria's study setting to another, generally, safety practices, awareness about hazards and personal protective equipment (PPE), and the use of PPE among PSWs fell below expectations. Additionally, air quality at NPSs was poor, with a high content of BTEX and levels of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, particulate matter, and formaldehyde higher than the World Health Organization guideline limits. Discussion Currently, regulatory bodies' effectiveness and accountability in safeguarding OHS at NPSs leave much to be desired. Understanding the OHS of NPSs would inform future initiatives, policies, and regulations that would promote the health and safety of workers at NPSs. However, further studies need to be conducted to describe the vulnerability of PSWs and other Nigerians who are occupationally exposed to BTEX pollution. More importantly, controlling air pollution from hazardous air pollutants like BTEX is an essential component of OHS and integral to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3, 7, and 11.
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Oizumi R, Sugimoto Y, Aibara H. The Potential of Exercise on Lifestyle and Skin Function: Narrative Review. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e51962. [PMID: 38483460 PMCID: PMC10979338 DOI: 10.2196/51962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin is an important organ of the human body and has moisturizing and barrier functions. Factors such as sunlight and lifestyle significantly affect these skin functions, with sunlight being extremely damaging. The effects of lifestyle habits such as smoking, diet, and sleep have been studied extensively. It has been found that smoking increases the risk of wrinkles, while excessive fat and sugar intake leads to skin aging. Lack of sleep and stress are also dangerous for the skin's barrier function. In recent years, the impact of exercise habits on skin function has been a focus of study. Regular exercise is associated with increased blood flow to the skin, elevated skin temperature, and improved skin moisture. Furthermore, it has been shown to improve skin structure and rejuvenate its appearance, possibly through promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis and affecting hormone secretion. Further research is needed to understand the effects of different amounts and content of exercise on the skin. OBJECTIVE This study aims to briefly summarize the relationship between lifestyle and skin function and the mechanisms that have been elucidated so far and introduce the expected effects of exercise on skin function. METHODS We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed and Google Scholar repositories for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2022 with the following keywords: exercise, skin, and life habits. RESULTS Exercise augments the total spectrum power density of cutaneous blood perfusion by a factor of approximately 8, and vasodilation demonstrates an enhancement of approximately 1.5-fold. Regular exercise can also mitigate age-related skin changes by promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis. However, not all exercise impacts are positive; for instance, swimming in chlorinated pools may harm the skin barrier function. Hence, the exercise environment should be considered for its potential effects on the skin. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that exercise can potentially enhance skin function retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Oizumi
- Faculty of Nursing, Shijonawate gakuen University, Daito-shi, Japan
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Irimia P, Santos-Lasaosa S, Pozo-Rosich P, Leira R, Pascual J, Láinez JM. Eptinezumab for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic migraine: a narrative review. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1355877. [PMID: 38523607 PMCID: PMC10959239 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1355877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Eptinezumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), was recently approved in Europe for the prophylactic treatment of migraine in adults who have at least four migraine days a month. Eptinezumab is administered by intravenous infusion every 12 weeks. During recent months, a considerable amount of evidence from eptinezumab trials has been published. The aim of this review is to describe the existing evidence on the tolerability, safety and efficacy of eptinezumab in patients with migraine. Data from randomized (PROMISE-1, PROMISE-2, RELIEF and DELIVER) and open-label (PREVAIL) phase 3 clinical trials have demonstrated the favorable effect of eptinezumab in migraine symptoms from first day of treatment. These studies showed that eptinezumab results in an overall reduction in mean monthly migraine days (MMDs), increases in the ≥50% and ≥ 75% migraine responder rates (MRRs) and improvements in patient-reported outcome measures in both patients with episodic migraine (EM) and with chronic migraine (CM), including patients who failed previous preventive treatments. The RELIEF trial also showed that eptinezumab, within 2 h of administration, reduced headache pain, migraine-associated symptoms and acute medication use when administered during a migraine attack. Eptinezumab benefits manifested as early as day 1 after dosing and with the subsequent doses lasted up to at least 2 years. Treatment-emergent adverse events reported by ≥2% of patients included upper respiratory tract infection and fatigue. Current evidence demonstrates that eptinezumab has a potent, fast-acting, sustained migraine preventive effect in patients with EM and CM. Eptinezumab has also shown to be well tolerated, supporting its use in the treatment of patients with migraine and inclusion in the current migraine therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Santos-Lasaosa
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rogelio Leira
- Department of Neurology, Headache Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - José Miguel Láinez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Al Zadjali F, Brooks J, O'Neill TW, Stanmore E. Experiences of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a narrative review. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:828-840. [PMID: 36705072 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2169770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A narrative review was conducted to identify, critically appraise, and synthesise primary research on the lived experiences of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of qualitative studies published between January 1960 and August 2021 was conducted across seven databases. The selected qualitative studies reported the lived experiences of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, both with and without a history of fragility fractures. RESULTS A total of 17 publications (n = 334) were identified. These results suggest that osteoporosis and fragility fractures significantly affected postmenopausal women's lives. They reported difficulties in carrying out daily activities due to pain and change in their routines to cope with health problems. Some women were satisfied with the information provided by healthcare professionals. Their medicine adherence was also determined by their belief in the importance of their scheduled treatment for osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Qualitative studies that explored the lived experiences of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis can provide important insights into the impact of the disease on women's lives and potential pathways for improving care and management.Implications for rehabilitationOsteoporosis and fragility fractures affect the quality of life of postmenopausal women worldwide.The provision of targeted and tailored health information for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis is paramount in improving their health literacy and aiding in the long-term management of their bone health.What is already knownOsteoporosis and related fragility fractures are common, affecting more than 200 million people worldwide, including three million people in the UK.Osteoporotic fractures have significant clinical and public health impacts.What this study addsOsteoporosis, particularly fragility fractures, has a significant impact on the lives of postmenopausal women, including pain and functional impairment.Women's belief in the importance of their scheduled treatment plays a significant role in their concordance with the prescribed medications for osteoporosis.Provision of targeted health information for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis is key to their involvement in decision-making and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Al Zadjali
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Brooks
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Terence W O'Neill
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Stanmore
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
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Lawless MT, Tieu M, Golley R, Kitson A. How and where does "care" fit within seminal life-course approaches? A narrative review and critical analysis. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:871-883. [PMID: 37684708 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To map the concepts of the caring life-course theory that are used in life-course approaches from different disciplines; establish whether there is a common recognition of, or language used, to describe care in those life-course approaches; and identify the role and contribution of care to the life-course literature. DESIGN This discursive paper uses a narrative review process to explore points of convergence and divergence between life-course approaches and the caring life-course theory. METHODS Categories for analysis were developed deductively and inductively, focusing on the constructs of fundamental care, capacity and capability, care network, care transition, care trajectory and care biography. RESULTS We identified four disciplinary perspectives: (1) life-course sociology; (2) life-course epidemiology; (3) lifespan developmental psychology; and (4) life-course health development. While six core constructs of the caring life-course theory were described, either explicitly or implicitly, in existing life-course approaches, no single approach fully describes the role and contribution of care across the lifespan. CONCLUSION Life-course approaches have largely neglected the contribution and role of care in informing the life-course discourse. This review highlights the significance of care beyond traditional healthcare settings and recognizes it as a fundamental human need for well-being and development, which can contribute to existing life-course literature. IMPLICATION FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE There is a need to understand care as a complex system and embrace a whole-system, life-course approach to enable nurses and other healthcare professionals to provide high-quality, patient-centred care. IMPACT Incorporating care within a life-course approach provides opportunities to integrate and deliver care centred around the person, their life transitions, trajectories and care networks, including informal carers and healthcare professionals. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Patients or members of the public were not involved in this study as it is a discursive paper based on the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Lawless
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Tieu
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Golley
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison Kitson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Beltran TG, Lett E, Poteat T, Hincapie-Castillo JM. Computational phenotyping within electronic healthcare data to identify transgender people in the United States: A narrative review. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2024; 33:e5732. [PMID: 38009550 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the expansion of research utilizing electronic healthcare data to identify transgender (TG) population health trends, the validity of computational phenotype (CP) algorithms to identify TG patients is not well understood. We aim to identify the current state of the literature that has utilized CPs to identify TG people within electronic healthcare data and their validity, potential gaps, and a synthesis of future recommendations based on past studies. METHODS Authors searched the National Library of Medicine's PubMed, Scopus, and the American Psychological Association PsycInfo's databases to identify studies published in the United States that applied CPs to identify TG people within electronic healthcare data. RESULTS Twelve studies were able to validate or enhance the positive predictive value (PPV) of their CP through manual chart reviews (n = 5), hierarchy of code mechanisms (n = 4), key text-strings (n = 2), or self-surveys (n = 1). CPs with the highest PPV to identify TG patients within their study population contained diagnosis codes and other components such as key text-strings. However, if key text-strings were not available, researchers have been able to find most TG patients within their electronic healthcare databases through diagnosis codes alone. CONCLUSION CPs with the highest accuracy to identify TG patients contained diagnosis codes along with components such as procedural codes or key text-strings. CPs with high validity are essential to identifying TG patients when self-reported gender identity is not available. Still, self-reported gender identity information should be collected within electronic healthcare data as it is the gold standard method to better understand TG population health patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo G Beltran
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Applied Transgender Studies, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elle Lett
- Center for Applied Transgender Studies, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Anti-Racism and Community Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tonia Poteat
- Division of Healthcare in Adult Populations, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Juan M Hincapie-Castillo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Inoue M, Ragunath K. Quality indicators in Barrett's endoscopy: Best is yet to come. Dig Endosc 2024; 36:265-273. [PMID: 37525901 DOI: 10.1111/den.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in establishing quality indicators (QIs) for endoscopic screening and surveillance in Barrett's esophagus (BE). QIs are objective, measurable, and evidence-based metrics that are applicable in a health-care setting to monitor a process and identify key performance indicators (KPIs) to achieve defined goals. In the Barrett's endoscopy setting, QIs can offer a standardized approach to monitor and maintain high-quality endoscopy for BE screening and surveillance that will allow measuring performance of an endoscopist as an individual, a group, or a facility. Since BE is an endoscopically identifiable premalignant condition with histological corroboration, adherence to QIs is paramount for the early and accurate detection of dysplasia and neoplasia. It is the holy grail for BE screening and surveillance. Although several suggested QIs for Barrett's endoscopy exist, issues remain in determining the most appropriate ones. These issues include inconsistent use of terminology, unclear definitions, and a scarcity of studies linking these QIs with relevant patient outcomes, making it difficult for clinicians to understand the concept and clinical importance. Hence, there is an urgent need to determine what should constitute appropriate QIs for Barrett's endoscopy, clearly define items used in the QIs, and identify ways to measure these KPIs. Ultimately, well-defined and validated QIs will contribute to clinically effective, safe, timely, and patient-focused care. In this review, we summarize recent literature and discuss four proposed QIs: (i) neoplasia detection rate; (ii) postendoscopy Barrett's neoplasia; (iii) Barrett's inspection time; and (iv) adherence to the Seattle biopsy protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Inoue
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Krish Ragunath
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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12
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Jang WH, Lee SH. Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain in children with sensory processing disorder: A review. J Neuroimaging 2024; 34:167-178. [PMID: 38183169 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a clinical condition characterized by difficulties in the neurological processes of registering, discriminating, organizing, and responding to various sensory sensations. This study aimed to review the association between impaired white matter (WM) tract structure and neurofunctional deficits in children with SPD using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the online databases Google Scholar and PubMed (from 2010 to July 2023), resulting in the selection of nine relevant studies. Findings revealed that the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), posterior corona radiata (PCR), and posterior thalamic radiation (PTR) exhibited reduced microstructural integrity, strongly associated with SPD. Specifically, auditory over-responsivity, a subtype of SPD, was linked to impaired integrity of the PCR, PTR, anterior corona radiata, and SLF. Tactile over-responsivity (TOR) was correlated with markers of decreased integrity in the SCC, superior corona radiata, and left PTR. Among the DTI parameters, decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) emerged as the most reliable factor for identifying SPD, followed by increased radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD). Notably, significant correlations were observed between with auditory over-responsivity and TOR with the DTI parameters (positive for FA and negative for RD and MD). Overall, this review confirms the impaired integrity of specific WM tracts in children with SPD and establishes correlations between DTI parameters and neurobehavioral deficits associated with the disorder. The insights gained from this review contribute to a better understanding of SPD and hold clinical implications for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Hyuk Jang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok-si, Republic of Korea
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Morimoto T, Hirata H, Watanabe K, Kato K, Otani K, Mawatari M, Nikaido T. The Usefulness of Deep Tendon Reflexes in the Diagnosis of Lumbar Spine Diseases: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55772. [PMID: 38586775 PMCID: PMC10999014 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The deep tendon reflex (DTR) is a more objective indicator than sensory and muscle assessments for lumbar spine disorders. Further, unlike sensory and muscle assessments that require patient cooperation, the DTR can be assessed even in patients with impaired consciousness or cognition. Therefore, DTR assessment with a hammer is an essential neurological test for lumbar spinal diseases. However, despite the usefulness of DTR assessment, few reports have described the significance of increased, diminished, or absent deep lower extremity reflexes in lumbar spine diseases. This review outlines the history of DTR of the lower limbs and describes the techniques, evaluation, and interpretation of DTR for the diagnosis of lumbar spine diseases. The patellar tendon reflex (PTR) was the first parameter of lower extremity DTR identified to have clinical usefulness, followed by the Achilles tendon reflex (ATR), pathological reflexes (Babinski reflex), and reflex enhancement (Jendrassik maneuver). They have now become an integral part of clinical examination. To determine whether an increase or decrease in DTR is pathological, it is necessary to determine left-right differences, differences between the upper and lower extremities, and the overall balance of the limb. There are several critical limitations and pitfalls in interpreting DTRs for lumbar spine diseases. Attention should be paid to examiner and patient factors that make the DTR assessment less objective. When there is a discrepancy between clinical and imaging findings and the level of the lumbosacral nerve root disorder is difficult to diagnose, the presence of a lumbosacral transitional vertebra, nerve root malformation, or furcal nerve should be considered. In addition, assessing the DTR after the gait loading test and standing extension loading test, which induce lumbosacral neuropathy, will help provide a rationale for the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatsugu Morimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JPN
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JPN
| | - Kazuyuki Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, JPN
| | - Kinshi Kato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, JPN
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, JPN
| | - Masaaki Mawatari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JPN
| | - Takuya Nikaido
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, JPN
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Lindborg CM, Smith RD, Reihl AM, Bacevich BM, Cote M, O’Donnell E, Mazzocca AD, Hutchinson I. Current Concepts in Management of Acromioclavicular Joint Injury. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1413. [PMID: 38592250 PMCID: PMC10931774 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The management of acromioclavicular joint injuries requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the joint, as well as knowledge of the pertinent physical exam findings and classification to determine an appropriate treatment approach, whether operative or nonoperative. In this article, we present a narrative review of the current state of understanding surrounding these issues. Although there are a large number of options for operative intervention, we additionally present our experience with anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction (ACCR) with imbrication of the deltoid fascia. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data on a total of 45 patients who had undergone ACCR between 2003 and 2016 were collected. Results: We found that improvements were seen in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES) (53 ± 19 to 81 ± 23), Simple Shoulder Test (SST) (6 ± 3 to 12 ± 13), Constant-Murley (CM) (60 ± 18 to 92 ± 8), and Rowe (67 ± 14 to 89 ± 11) and the mean post-operative SANE score was 86 ± 17. Conclusions: ACCR has the advantage of addressing both horizontal and vertical stability with good outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter M. Lindborg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.L.); (R.D.S.); (A.M.R.); (B.M.B.); (E.O.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.L.); (R.D.S.); (A.M.R.); (B.M.B.); (E.O.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Alec M. Reihl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.L.); (R.D.S.); (A.M.R.); (B.M.B.); (E.O.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Blake M. Bacevich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.L.); (R.D.S.); (A.M.R.); (B.M.B.); (E.O.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Mark Cote
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Evan O’Donnell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.L.); (R.D.S.); (A.M.R.); (B.M.B.); (E.O.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Augustus D. Mazzocca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.L.); (R.D.S.); (A.M.R.); (B.M.B.); (E.O.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Ian Hutchinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.L.); (R.D.S.); (A.M.R.); (B.M.B.); (E.O.); (A.D.M.)
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Odeh AM, Wyant K, Freeman RK, Abdelsattar ZM. Tackling complex thoracic surgical operations with robotic solutions: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:1521-1536. [PMID: 38505049 PMCID: PMC10944716 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective The adoption of robotic surgery for general thoracic surgery has rapidly progressed over the last two decades from its application in basic operations to complex pathologies. As such, the purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the collective experience of tackling complex thoracic surgical operations with minimally invasive robotic solutions. Methods Electronic searches of PubMed were conducted for each subtopic, using specific keywords and inclusion criteria. Once identified, the articles were screened through the abstract, introduction, results and conclusion for relevancy, and included based on a standard narrative review inclusion criteria. Key Content and Findings The role of the robotic approach has increased in thoracic outlet syndrome, chest wall resection, tracheobronchomalacia, airway and sleeve lung surgery, lobectomy after neoadjuvant therapy, complex segmentectomy, giant paraesophageal hernia repair, esophagectomy and esophageal enucleation, mediastinal masses and thymectomy and lung transplantation. Robotic surgery has several advantages when compared to video-assisted and open thoracoscopic surgery. These include better pain control and aesthetic outcome, improved handling of complex anatomy, enhanced access to lymph nodes, and faster recovery rates. Although it is associated with longer operative time, robotic surgery has comparable morbidity rates. Conclusions The robotic approach to complex thoracic problems is safe, effective, and associated with improved patient outcomes. To encourage wider adoption of robotic technology, increased training and expanded research efforts are essential, alongside improved worldwide access to this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayham M. Odeh
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kody Wyant
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Richard K. Freeman
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Zaid M. Abdelsattar
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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Robberechts A, Brumer M, Garcia-Cardenas V, Dupotey NM, Steurbaut S, De Meyer GRY, De Loof H. Medication Review: What's in a Name and What Is It about? Pharmacy (Basel) 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38392946 PMCID: PMC10892708 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication review is a multifaceted service aimed at optimizing the use of medicines and enhancing the health outcomes of patients. Due to its complexity, it is crucial to clearly describe the service, its variants, and its components to avoid confusion and ensure a better understanding of medication review among healthcare providers. AIM This study aims to bring clarity to the origins, definitions, abbreviations, and types of medication reviews, together with the primary criteria that delineate key features of this service. METHOD A narrative review approach was employed to clarify the diverse terminology associated with "medication review" services. Relevant references were initially identified through searches on PubMed and Google Scholar, complementing the existing literature known to the authors. RESULTS The study uncovers a complicated and sometimes convoluted history of "medication review" in different regions around the world. The initial optimization of medicine use had an economic purpose before evolving subsequently into a more patient-oriented approach. A selection of abbreviations, definitions, and types were outlined to enhance the understanding of the service. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive information and standardization regarding the content and quality of the services, collectively referred to as "medication review".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Robberechts
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.B.); (G.R.Y.D.M.); (H.D.L.)
- Meduplace, Royal Pharmacists Association of Antwerp (KAVA), 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium;
| | - Maja Brumer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.B.); (G.R.Y.D.M.); (H.D.L.)
| | | | | | - Stephane Steurbaut
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium;
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Guido R. Y. De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.B.); (G.R.Y.D.M.); (H.D.L.)
| | - Hans De Loof
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.B.); (G.R.Y.D.M.); (H.D.L.)
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17
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Wu TD, Diamant Z, Hanania NA. An Update on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Asthma. Chest 2024:S0012-3692(24)00156-9. [PMID: 38365175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
TOPIC IMPORTANCE Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are information provided by patients on their condition, function, well-being, or experience. Instruments to quantify PROs, called patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), allow standardized assessment of a unique dimension of health that cannot be measured physically. Herein, we discuss how to appraise PROMs critically and provide an update on their use in asthma clinical practice and research. REVIEW FINDINGS Asthma-specific PROMs have been developed to measure a wide array of disease characteristics, including symptoms, medication use, exacerbations, and impairments to emotional and physical function. Some PROMs also include spirometry or expand questions to overlap with rhinitis symptoms. Use of PROMs to understand asthma control is included in management guidelines, yet real-world evidence of their effectiveness in improving asthma care remains limited. These instruments may be less accurate in characterizing patients with poorly controlled asthma and have modest correlation with exacerbation risk. Two new PROMs are highlighted, the Asthma Impairment and Risk Questionnaire as an instrument to assess asthma control that incorporates domains related to exacerbation risk and impairment, and the CompEx as a composite of daily diary reporting combined with exacerbation events as an early efficacy signal for interventional trials. SUMMARY PROMs are fundamental to asthma assessment. Novel instruments may improve the detection of patients at risk for poor outcomes and shorten the drug discovery pipeline. However, urgent research is needed to understand their practical utility in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi David Wu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX; Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX.
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
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Silverberg ND, Rush BK. Neuropsychological evaluation of functional cognitive disorder: A narrative review. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:302-325. [PMID: 37369579 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2228527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To critically review contemporary theoretical models, diagnostic approaches, clinical features, and assessment findings in Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD), and make recommendations for neuropsychological evaluation of this condition. Method: Narrative review. Results: FCD is common in neuropsychological practice. It is characterized by cognitive symptoms that are not better explained by another medical or psychiatric disorder. The cognitive symptoms are associated with distress and/or limitations in daily functioning, but are potentially reversible with appropriate identification and treatment. Historically, a variety of diagnostic frameworks have attempted to capture this condition. A contemporary conceptualization of FCD positions it as a subtype of Functional Neurological Disorder, with shared and unique etiological factors. Patients with FCD tend to perform normally on neuropsychological testing or demonstrate relatively weak memory acquisition (e.g. list learning trials) in comparison to strong attention and delayed recall performance. Careful history-taking and behavioral observations are essential to support the diagnosis of FCD. Areas of ongoing controversy include operationalizing "internal inconsistencies" and the role of performance validity testing. Evidence for targeted interventions remains scarce. Conclusions: Neuropsychologists familiar with FCD can uniquely contribute to the care of patients with this condition by improving diagnostic clarity, richening case formulation, communicating effectively with referrers, and leading clinical management. Further research is needed to refine diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah D Silverberg
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Beth K Rush
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Theile CM, Beall AL. Narrative Reviews of the Literature: An overview. J Dent Hyg 2024; 98:78-82. [PMID: 38346895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This short report guides the reader through the types of narrative reviews and describes the narrative review process from conception to completion. This report is an overview on the topic of literature reviews and serves to provide guidance regarding how and when to use a narrative review approach. Authors have many purposes for selecting the narrative review of the literature including introducing an original research manuscript, reviewing a critical topic for a scholarly journal, creating an introductory chapter for a thesis, or completing a classroom assignment. Each purpose may include a specific format and may require different components to be included in the research and writing process. This short report provides examples for each section of the narrative review research and writing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Theile
- Department of Dental Hygiene and Dental Assisting, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea L Beall
- Department of Dental Hygiene and Dental Assisting, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Annor F, Nartey YA, Abbew ET, Cudjoe O, Ayisi-Addo S, Ashinyo A, Obiri-Yeboah D. Human immunodeficiency virus care and management in incarcerated populations in Sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2022: A narrative review. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:80-95. [PMID: 37793133 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231205335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have established guidelines to reduce HIV transmission and improve its management in prisons. This narrative review aimed to examine established literature on HIV care and management among incarcerated persons in SSA to identify successful interventions that could inform improved guidelines, policies, and practices related to the clinical care of this population. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and TRIP Medical Databases in August 2022 for articles published between 1st January 2010 and 30th June 2022. We identified 27 eligible articles based on the Population/Concept/Context framework. RESULTS HIV screening primarily involved mass campaigns rather than formal prison programmes, with limited implementation of universal testing and treatment. Although a few studies reported on access to antiretrovirals (ARVs), prisoners in urban areas and females had disproportionate access. Barriers identified include poor living conditions, high levels of stigma, and resource constraints. Inter-prison transfers, release from prison, and lack of established programmes hindered follow-up and linkage to care. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of strategies such as universal testing and treatment, human resource strengthening, financing plans for testing, ARV care, and frequent assessment of risk could improve HIV care and management in prisons in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Annor
- Directorate of Research, Innovation and Consultancy, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yvonne Ayerki Nartey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elizabeth Tabitha Abbew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Obed Cudjoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Stephen Ayisi-Addo
- National AIDS/STI Control Program of the Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anthony Ashinyo
- National AIDS/STI Control Program of the Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Directorate of Research, Innovation and Consultancy, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Toader DM. Echocardiographic quantification of mitral apparatus morphology and dynamics in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231209830. [PMID: 38318649 PMCID: PMC10846232 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231209830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitral regurgitation is among the most common valvular heart diseases. Mitral regurgitation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is a complex pathology involving annular dilatation, papillary muscle displacement, systolic leaflet tethering, and left ventricular remodeling. Quantification of mitral apparatus damage in these patients is essential for successful interventional and surgical therapy. Mitral regurgitation in the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy is classified as Carpentier type IIIB, with restricted leaflet mobility as a standard feature. Echocardiography allows accurate evaluation of the complex anatomy and function of the mitral apparatus. Updated guidelines recommend two-dimensional followed by systematic three-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation in patients with mitral regurgitation. New three-dimensional echocardiographic software packages provide many parameters that help identify the precise morphology and function of the various components of the mitral apparatus, helping to determine the etiology of mitral regurgitation and evaluate disease severity. This review provides the first point-by-point approach to the assessment of all old and new echocardiographic methods, from the simplest to the most complex, used to examine the components of the mitral valve apparatus in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Although these parameters are still under research, this information will be helpful for establishing therapeutic procedures in a disease with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina-Manuela Toader
- EuroEchoLab Craiova Cardiology Center, Emergency Hospital Craiova, Romania, Str Tabaci nr 1, Craiova, Romania
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22
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Ferioli M, Medici F, Forlani L, Cilla S, Fionda B, Cammelli S, Strigari L, Tagliaferri L, Morganti AG, Buwenge M. Augmented reality in brachytherapy: A narrative review. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2024; 16:57-66. [PMID: 38584890 PMCID: PMC10993895 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2024.137779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Brachytherapy (BRT) plays a pivotal role in the treatment of tumors, offering precise radiation therapy directly to the affected area. However, this technique demands extensive training and skills development, posing challenges for widespread adoption and ensuring patient safety. This narrative review explored the utilization of augmented reality (AR) in BRT, seeking to summarize existing evidence, discuss key findings, limitations, and quality of research as well as outline future research directions. The review revealed promising findings regarding the integration of AR in BRT. Studies have suggested the feasibility and potential benefits of AR in education, training, intra-operative guidance, and treatment planning. However, the evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, with most studies in preliminary phases. Standardization, prospective clinical trials, patient-centered outcomes assessment, and cost-effectiveness analysis emerge as critical areas for future research. Augmented reality holds transformative potential for BRT by enhancing precision, safety, and training efficiency. To fully implement these benefits, the field requires standardized protocols, rigorous clinical trials, and in-depth patient-centered investigations. Policy-makers and healthcare providers should closely monitor developments in AR and consider its implementation in clinical practice, contingent and robust evidence, and cost-effectiveness analysis. The pro-active pursuit of evidence-based practices will contribute to optimizing patient care in BRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ferioli
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum – Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Medici
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum – Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica Forlani
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum – Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Savino Cilla
- Medical Physics Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Bruno Fionda
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS; Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Cammelli
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum – Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS; Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio G. Morganti
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum – Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milly Buwenge
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum – Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
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Scheinberg M, Nihalani S, Mehta L, Shah A. Evolution in Casting Techniques: A Narrative Review of Casting Methods, Techniques, and Innovation. Cureus 2024; 16:e53454. [PMID: 38435235 PMCID: PMC10908428 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic casting has seen a remarkable evolution from ancient practices to cutting-edge innovations. Beginning with ancient Egyptian methods employing bark, linen, and bandages, casting techniques have progressed through historical milestones, including the adoption of plaster of Paris in the 19th century and the introduction of synthetic materials like fiberglass and thermoplastics in the 20th century. Historical progressions transitioned from primitive materials to more sophisticated techniques, such as resin-soaked bandages and starch-based casts. While thermoplastics showcased benefits like adjustability and comfort, widespread adoption faced hurdles due to cost and water resistance limitations. The emergence of 3D printing introduced patient-specific casts with improved ventilation but faced challenges in accessibility, cost, and immediate immobilization. FlexiOH presents as a groundbreaking foam cast by Orthoheal, offering customizable fit, lightweight design, improved ventilation, and moisture resistance. Its potential to reduce ER visits, enhance patient comfort, and streamline application procedures positions it as a promising technology for the future. This paper discusses each casting generation's advantages and drawbacks, highlighting the potential of innovative technologies like FlexiOH to revolutionize orthopedic casting practices, promising improved outcomes, reduced costs, and enhanced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Scheinberg
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Shrey Nihalani
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Labdhi Mehta
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Ashish Shah
- Orthopedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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Narongdej P, Hassanpour M, Alterman N, Rawlins-Buchanan F, Barjasteh E. Advancements in Clear Aligner Fabrication: A Comprehensive Review of Direct-3D Printing Technologies. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:371. [PMID: 38337260 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear aligners have revolutionized orthodontic treatment by offering an esthetically driven treatment modality to patients of all ages. Over the past two decades, aligners have been used to treat malocclusions in millions of patients worldwide. The inception of aligner therapy goes back to the 1940s, yet the protocols to fabricate aligners have been continuously evolved. CAD/CAM driven protocol was the latest approach which drastically changed the scalability of aligner fabrication-i.e., aligner mass production manufacturing. 3D printing technology has been adopted in various sectors including dentistry mostly because of the ability to create complex geometric structures at high accuracy while reducing labor and material costs-for the most part. The integration of 3D printing in dentistry has been across, starting in orthodontics and oral surgery and expanding in periodontics, prosthodontics, and oral implantology. Continuous progress in material development has led to improved mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and overall quality of aligners. Consequently, aligners have become less invasive, more cost-effective, and deliver outcomes comparable to existing treatment options. The promise of 3D printed aligners lies in their ability to treat malocclusions effectively while providing esthetic benefits to patients by remaining virtually invisible throughout the treatment process. Herein, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of studies regarding direct-3D printing of clear aligners up to the present, outlining all essential properties required in 3D-printed clear aligners and the challenges that need to be addressed. Additionally, the review proposes implementation methods to further enhance the effectiveness of the treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poom Narongdej
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Mana Hassanpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Nicolas Alterman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | | | - Ehsan Barjasteh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
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25
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Harris BW, Maxfield L, Hunter A, Alhajj M, Ban B, Pulsipher KJ. Worldwide Distribution and Extracutaneous Manifestations of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Adults: Narrative Review. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e49746. [PMID: 38271008 PMCID: PMC10853858 DOI: 10.2196/49746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), a leukocytoclastic small vessel vasculitis, exhibits both cutaneous and systemic manifestations. While predominantly observed in childhood, it may manifest in adults with more pronounced systemic involvement. Furthermore, HSP is a global phenomenon showcasing epidemiological and systemic variances. OBJECTIVE This study aims to scrutinize extracutaneous manifestations in adults with HSP, discerning distinctions according to geographical regions on a worldwide scale. METHODS A comprehensive search encompassing PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was executed, covering papers published from January 1, 1970, to December 1, 2019. Keywords used included "Henoch-Schönlein purpura," "henoch schonlein purpura+adult," "IgA vasculitis+adult," "HSP+adult," and "IgAV." A total of 995 publications were identified, from which 42 studies encompassing 4064 patients were selected, with a predominant focus on cases reported in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. RESULTS Among adults afflicted with HSP, European patients exhibited a higher propensity for male predominance (P<.001), gastrointestinal involvement (P<.001), and musculoskeletal complications (P<.001). Conversely, patients from the Americas were least likely to experience genitourinary involvement (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS HSP demonstrates a variance in distribution and extracutaneous manifestations within distinct geographical boundaries. In the adult population, European patients exhibited a higher prevalence of male gender and gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal involvement. Asian patients were more predisposed to genitourinary involvement when compared to their American counterparts. The establishment of prospective studies using standardized reporting measures is imperative to validate the relationships unveiled in this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair W Harris
- Department of Dermatology, Sampson Regional Medical Center, Campbell University, Clinton, NC, United States
| | - Luke Maxfield
- Department of Dermatology, Sampson Regional Medical Center, Campbell University, Clinton, NC, United States
| | - Abigail Hunter
- Department of Dermatology, Sampson Regional Medical Center, Campbell University, Clinton, NC, United States
| | - Mandy Alhajj
- Department of Dermatology, Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Byung Ban
- Department of Rheumatology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kayd J Pulsipher
- Department of Dermatology, Sampson Regional Medical Center, Campbell University, Clinton, NC, United States
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Newbegin L, Chapman BE. A Narrative Review of Sociodemographic Disparities in Relation to PEHR Access. Stud Health Technol Inform 2024; 310:1426-1427. [PMID: 38269679 DOI: 10.3233/shti231227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Personal electronic health records (PEHRs) enable patients access to their own medical records. Differences in access and use of PEHRs may create health disparities. We conducted a narrative literature review regarding the effects of race, language preference, education, income, and homelessness on PEHR usage as well as PEHRs content, particularly stigmatizing language. Of 3177 citations found, 75 articles were relevant. Patient race, language, income, and education predicted PEHR use, which could potentially exacerbate health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Newbegin
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian E Chapman
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Matsuda S, Yoshimura H. Dental decision-making for persons with dementia: A systematic narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36555. [PMID: 38241530 PMCID: PMC10798713 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental decision-making represents the establishment of a common understanding between the dental professional and the recipient of the intervention, which determines oral healthcare and dental treatment policies. Dental decision-making for persons with dementia can be challenging, and there have been no systematic reviews on this topic. Therefore, this systematic narrative review aimed to identify the current state of dental decision-making in persons with dementia. Literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases. Through the process of research selection, 7 articles with a high risk of bias were included in this study. This review clarified that there is limited information on the dental decision-making processes for persons with dementia. In conclusion, although this may be difficult due to different medical and socioeconomic conditions, the dilemma between the need to establish evidence for dental decision-making and medical ethics that prioritize a patient-centered position should be discussed globally in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Matsuda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Unit of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Unit of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Bellofatto IA, Schindler TH, Portincasa P, Carbone F, Canepa M, Liberale L, Montecucco F. Early diagnosis and management of cardiac amyloidosis: A clinical perspective. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14160. [PMID: 38217112 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis multidisciplinary team (MDT). We propose the creation of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) for cardiac amyloidosis in which internal medicine physicians could take a lead role in coordinating other specialists involved in patient care. Created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Anna Bellofatto
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas H Schindler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Canepa
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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Ata F. Atrioventricular block in patients with hyperthyroidism: a narrative review. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231223040. [PMID: 38206211 PMCID: PMC10785734 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231223040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrioventricular block (AVB) is a rare cardiac manifestation of hyperthyroidism (HTH). The scientific literature contains multiple reports of AVB in patients with HTH, ranging from subclinical to overt HTH and even thyroid storm. However, much remains unknown about the true prevalence, clinical course, optimal management, and outcomes of AVB in patients with HTH. Such patients are possibly overtreated with pacemakers because of a lack of understanding that AVB might be secondary to the hyperthyroid state and thus reversible. This narrative review discusses the pathophysiology of AVB in patients with HTH in the context of the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateen Ata
- Department of Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Powerful medical education (PME) involves the use of new technologies informed by the science of expertise that are embedded in laboratories and organizations that value evidence-based education and support innovation. This contrasts with traditional medical education that relies on a dated apprenticeship model that yields uneven results. PME involves an amalgam of features, conditions and assumptions, and contextual variables that comprise an approach to developing clinical competence grounded in education impact metrics including efficiency and cost-effectiveness. METHODS This article is a narrative review based on SANRA criteria and informed by realist review principles. The review addresses the PME model with an emphasis on mastery learning and deliberate practice principles drawn from the new science of expertise. Pub Med, Scopus, and Web of Science search terms include medical education, the science of expertise, mastery learning, translational outcomes, cost effectiveness, and return on investment. Literature coverage is comprehensive with selective citations. RESULTS PME is described as an integrated set of twelve features embedded in a group of seven conditions and assumptions and four context variables. PME is illustrated via case examples that demonstrate improved ventilator patient management learning outcomes compared to traditional clinical education and mastery learning of breaking bad news communication skills. Evidence also shows that PME of physicians and other health care providers can have translational, downstream effects on patient care practices, patient outcomes, and return on investment. Several translational health care quality improvements that derive from PME include reduced infections; better communication among physicians, patients, and families; exceptional birth outcomes; more effective patient education; and return on investment. CONCLUSIONS The article concludes with challenges to hospitals, health systems, and medical education organizations that are responsible for producing physicians who are expected to deliver safe, effective, and cost-conscious health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C McGaghie
- Departments of Medical Education and Preventive Medicine and Northwestern Simulation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Barsuk
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Education and Northwestern Simulation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diane B Wayne
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Education and Northwestern Simulation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Barry Issenberg
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Education and the Gordon Center for Research in Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Fragoulakis V, Koufaki MI, Tzerefou K, Koufou K, Patrinos GP, Mitropoulou C. Assessing the utility of measurement methods applied in economic evaluations of pharmacogenomics applications. Pharmacogenomics 2024; 25:79-95. [PMID: 38288576 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2023-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of economic evaluations are published annually investigating the economic effectiveness of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing. This work was designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the available utility methods used in cost-effectiveness/cost-utility analysis studies of PGx interventions. A comprehensive review was conducted to identify economic analysis studies using a utility valuation method for PGx testing. A total of 82 studies met the inclusion criteria. A majority of studies were from the USA and used the EuroQol-5D questionnaire, as the utility valuation method. Cardiovascular disorders was the most studied therapeutic area while discrete-choice studies mainly focused on patients' willingness to undergo PGx testing. Future research in applying other methodologies in PGx economic evaluation studies would improve the current research environment and provide better results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarita-Ioanna Koufaki
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Korina Tzerefou
- University of Piraeus, Economics Department, 18534, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - George P Patrinos
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Genetics & Genomics, P.O. Box. 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, P.O. Box. 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Christina Mitropoulou
- The Golden Helix Foundation, London, SE1 8RT, UK
- United Arab Emirates University, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, P.O. Box. 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Delgado-Ramos GM, Fitzsimons J, Dhanarajan A. A narrative review of the evolving landscape of the management of metastatic gastric cancer: the role of targeted therapies. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2600-2616. [PMID: 38196524 PMCID: PMC10772679 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Unfortunately, patients often present with advanced disease at diagnosis, which is directly related to its high mortality. Numerous trials, as early as the 1980's, have shown that cytotoxic chemotherapy improves survival. This review will focus on targeted therapies and immunotherapies which have emerged as treatment options for metastatic gastric cancer, often used in conjunction with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here we will review the relevant clinical trials of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer. Methods We performed an extensive review of articles in the PubMed database pertaining to targeted therapies and immunotherapies in the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer. Additionally, updated guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) were reviewed. Key Content and Findings Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the backbone of treatment of metastatic gastric cancer, but the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapy have revolutionized its treatment with improved survival and outcomes. Therapies have been developed which target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and tyrosine kinase pathways. Novel targeted therapies are currently being investigated with promising results thus far. Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has proven to be a significant advancement in the treatment of gastric cancer. Conclusions Targeted therapies and immunotherapies have improved survival and outcomes in metastatic gastric cancer, however more research is needed to make even greater strides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Fitzsimons
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Asha Dhanarajan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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33
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Lee R, Holmes D. Barriers and recommendations for colorectal cancer screening in Africa. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2181920. [PMID: 36820646 PMCID: PMC9970240 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2181920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The incidence of CRC is rising in low- and middle-income countries but decreasing in high-income countries due to the widespread use of surveillance colonoscopy. In Africa, the implementation of screening programs remains a challenge, even in countries, such as Ghana that have established CRC screening guidelines. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to identify the barriers and recommend strategies for implementing CRC screening in African countries. METHODS A literature search using PubMed was conducted with the following search terms: colorectal neoplasm, early detection of cancer, mass screening, colonoscopy, faecal occult blood test, faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and Africa. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 13 articles were reviewed. RESULTS The most common barriers reported were limited endoscopic capacity, poor knowledge of CRC and CRC screening, health care factors, cultural factors and sociodemographic factors. Recommendations to increase the availability of CRC screening tests were to include the use of FITs, to provide more training for health care providers, and to expand educational programs for patients, physicians, and religious/community leaders. CONCLUSION The primary barrier to screening for CRC in Africa is the limited endoscopic capacity, specifically the lack of infrastructure and trained personnel, which requires systematic changes by governing bodies. In addition, health care professionals should be involved in educating patients about CRC and CRC screening. Further research is needed to clarify the factors related to subtypes of CRC and to explore the feasibility of using FITs in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,CONTACT Rebecca Lee Department of Family Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David Holmes
- Department of Family Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,ECMC Family Health Center, Williamsville, NY, USA
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34
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Tornero Molina J, Hernández-Cruz B, Corominas H. Initial Treatment with Biological Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 38202055 PMCID: PMC10779475 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyse the effectiveness, efficiency, and safety of initial treatment with biological therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Qualitative study. A group of RA experts was selected. A scoping review in Medline was conducted to analyse the evidence of initial RA treatment with biological therapies. Randomised clinical trials were selected. Two reviewers analysed the articles and compiled the data, whose quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. The experts discussed the review's findings and generated a series of general principles: Results: Seventeen studies were included. Most of the included patients were middle-aged women with early RA (1-7 months) and multiple poor prognostic factors. Initial treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors combined with methotrexate (MTX) and an IL6R inhibitor (either in mono or combination therapy) is effective (activity, function, radiographic damage, quality of life), safe, and superior to MTX monotherapy in the short and medium term. In the long term, patients who received initial treatment with biologicals presented better results than those whose initial therapy was with MTX. CONCLUSIONS Initial treatment of RA with biological therapies is effective, efficient, and safe in the short, medium, and long term, particularly for patients with poor prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tornero Molina
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Hernández-Cruz
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Héctor Corominas
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Universitari de Sant Pau & Hospital Dos de Maig, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- Medicine Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Graf J, Simoes E, Kranz A, Weinert K, Abele H. The Importance of Gender-Sensitive Health Care in the Context of Pain, Emergency and Vaccination: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 21:13. [PMID: 38276801 PMCID: PMC10815689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
So far, health care has been insufficiently organized in a gender-sensitive way, which makes the promotion of care that meets the needs of women and men equally emerge as a relevant public health problem. The aim of this narrative review was to outline the need for more gender-sensitive medical care in the context of pain, emergency care and vaccinations. In this narrative review, a selective search was performed in Pubmed, and the databases of the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Institute for Gender Equality and the German Federal Ministry of Health were searched. Study data indicate that there are differences between men and women with regard to the ability to bear pain. On the other hand, socially constructed role expectations in pain and the communication of these are also relevant. Studies indicate that women receive adequate pain medication less often than men with a comparable pain score. Furthermore, study results indicate that the female gender is associated with an increased risk of inadequate emergency care. In terms of vaccine provision, women are less likely than men to utilize or gain access to vaccination services, and there are gender-sensitive differences in vaccine efficacy and safety. Sensitization in teaching, research and care is needed to mitigate gender-specific health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Graf
- Institute for Health Sciences, University Hospital Tuebingen, Midwifery Science, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.K.); (K.W.); (H.A.)
| | - Elisabeth Simoes
- Department for Women’s Health, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Angela Kranz
- Institute for Health Sciences, University Hospital Tuebingen, Midwifery Science, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.K.); (K.W.); (H.A.)
| | - Konstanze Weinert
- Institute for Health Sciences, University Hospital Tuebingen, Midwifery Science, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.K.); (K.W.); (H.A.)
| | - Harald Abele
- Institute for Health Sciences, University Hospital Tuebingen, Midwifery Science, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.K.); (K.W.); (H.A.)
- Department for Women’s Health, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Moura P, Cardoso-dos-Santos AC, Schuler-Faccini L. Clusters of oculocutaneous albinism in isolated populations in Brazil: A community genetics challenge. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20230164. [PMID: 38113291 PMCID: PMC10729785 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders involving deficiencies in melanin biosynthesis, with consequent skin, hair, and eye hypopigmentation. The world prevalence is estimated at 1/17,000, but there is high variability among populations. The affected individuals, besides clinical complications, can suffer from discrimination. The Brazilian population is highly admixed, with isolated and inbred communities. Previous reports indicated the presence of diverse isolated communities with a high prevalence of OCA in Brazil. The present work sought to review and characterize clusters of albinism in this country based on scientific literature search, newspapers, and websites. We identified and characterized 18 clusters, 13 confirmed by scientific studies. Seven clusters are in the Northeast region, with predominant African ancestry, and seven others in indigenous communities, particularly among the Kaingaing in South Brazil. Isolation and inbreeding associated with founder effects seem to be the most plausible explanation. Molecular studies and clinical classification are still limited. Their localization in deprived regions with poor infrastructure makes them particularly vulnerable to the social and clinical consequences of lacking melanin. We reinforce the need for a tailored approach to these communities, including appropriate medical care, social support, and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulyana Moura
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação de Genética e Biologia
Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
SulInstituto de BiociênciasPrograma de Pós-graduação de Genética e Biologia
MolecularPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Augusto César Cardoso-dos-Santos
- Ministério da Saúde, Governo Federal, Brasília,
DF, Brazil.Ministério da SaúdeGoverno FederalBrasíliaDFBrazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de
Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de
Genética Médica PopulacionalPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação de Genética e Biologia
Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
SulInstituto de BiociênciasPrograma de Pós-graduação de Genética e Biologia
MolecularPorto AlegreRSBrazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de
Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de
Genética Médica PopulacionalPorto AlegreRSBrazil
- Hospital de Clínicas Porto Alegre HCPA, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil. Hospital de Clínicas Porto Alegre
HCPAPorto AlegreRSBrazil
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Salamanca J, Alfonso F. Takotsubo syndrome: unravelling the enigma of the broken heart syndrome?-a narrative review. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2023; 13:1080-1103. [PMID: 38162098 PMCID: PMC10753233 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-23-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a condition characterized by transient ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities, without causative coronary artery disease, typically triggered by emotional or physical stress. TTS is more common in post-menopausal women, closely resembling acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in its clinical presentation, with multiple proposed underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and no evidence-based treatments. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest research, encompassing the pathophysiology, diagnostic findings, prognosis, and treatment options for TTS patients. Methods Relevant literature from 1990 to June 2023 on TTS epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis was retrieved through PubMed research. Only English publications were included. Key Content and Findings TTS is an increasingly recognized cardiovascular disorder, a significant release of catecholamines is thought to be a key contributing element, yet its exact mechanism remains unclear. Notably, TTS poses significant short and long-term risks akin to ACS. Initial treatment should focus on ruling out ACS and providing standard care for subsequent left ventricular dysfunction and complications. Research hints at a potential role for Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers in improving long-term prognosis in TTS patients. Conclusions Significant knowledge gaps still exist in our understanding of the pathophysiology, treatment options, and areas for improvement in diagnosing and prognosticating this intriguing condition. Further research is therefore needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Salamanca
- Cardiology Department, La Princesa University Hospital, Princesa Institute for Health Research (IIS-IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Alfonso
- Cardiology Department, La Princesa University Hospital, Princesa Institute for Health Research (IIS-IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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Spinelli L, Martini S, Solla SD, Vigna Taglianti R, Olivero F, Gianello L, Reali A, Merlotti AM, Franco P. Nodal Elective Volume Selection and Definition during Radiation Therapy for Early Stage (T1-T2 N0 M0) Perianal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Clinical Review and Critical Appraisal. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5833. [PMID: 38136378 PMCID: PMC10741760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinction between anal canal and perianal squamous cell carcinomas (pSCCs) is essential, as these two subgroups have different anatomical, histological, and lymphatic drainage features. Early-stage true perianal tumors are very uncommon and have been rarely included in clinical trials. Perianal skin cancers and aCCs are included in the same tumor classification, even though they have different lymphatic drainage features. Furthermore, pSCCs are treated similarly to carcinomas originating from the anal canal. Radiation therapy (RT) is an essential treatment for anal canal tumors. Guidelines do not differentiate between treatment volumes for perianal tumors and anal cancers. So far, in pSCC, no study has considered modulating treatment volume selection according to the stage of the disease. We conducted a narrative literature review to describe the sites at higher risk for microscopic disease in patients with early-stage perianal cancers (T1-T2 N0 M0) to propose a well-thought selection of RT elective volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Spinelli
- Radiation Oncology Department, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (L.S.); (S.M.); (S.D.S.); (R.V.T.); (F.O.); (L.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Stefania Martini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (L.S.); (S.M.); (S.D.S.); (R.V.T.); (F.O.); (L.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Salvatore Dario Solla
- Radiation Oncology Department, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (L.S.); (S.M.); (S.D.S.); (R.V.T.); (F.O.); (L.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Riccardo Vigna Taglianti
- Radiation Oncology Department, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (L.S.); (S.M.); (S.D.S.); (R.V.T.); (F.O.); (L.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Francesco Olivero
- Radiation Oncology Department, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (L.S.); (S.M.); (S.D.S.); (R.V.T.); (F.O.); (L.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Luca Gianello
- Radiation Oncology Department, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (L.S.); (S.M.); (S.D.S.); (R.V.T.); (F.O.); (L.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Alessia Reali
- Radiation Oncology Department, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital, 12060 Verduno, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Merlotti
- Radiation Oncology Department, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (L.S.); (S.M.); (S.D.S.); (R.V.T.); (F.O.); (L.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Franco
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ‘Maggiore della Carità’ University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Sy M, Ritchie CS, Vranceanu AM, Bakhshaie J. Palliative Care Clinical Trials in Underrepresented Ethnic and Racial Minorities: A Narrative Review. J Palliat Med 2023. [PMID: 38064535 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A growing number of patients with serious illness who would benefit from palliative care are part of ethnoracial minority groups. Nevertheless, large disparities in provision of palliative services exist for minoritized populations. Furthermore, there is a relative dearth of palliative care research focused on minority groups and how best to provide high-quality, culturally tailored palliative care. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the existing literature regarding palliative care clinical trials in underrepresented minority populations, describe methodological approaches, and provide guidance on future palliative care-focused clinical trials. Methods: We used the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) and Cochrane's guidelines on conducting reviews. We used PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov to review published, full-text articles or protocols (1950-2022), and limited to palliative care interventions focused on ethnoracial minority populations. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs), including pilot and feasibility trials, protocols of RCTs, and studies that report RCT methodology. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility. Results: Our search yielded 585 publications; of these, 30 met the full-text review criteria and 16 studies met our criteria for inclusion. We deemed nine articles as having low risk of bias and four as having high risk of bias. Discussion: Commonly used methodologic approaches for clinical trials in underrepresented minority populations included the following: the use of written and visual materials that were no higher than a sixth-grade reading level, the use of patient and lay health navigators, bilingual and multicultural study staff and study materials, race-concordant staff, the option of in-person and virtual visits that accommodated the patient and family's schedule, recruitment from faith communities, and the use of community-engaged research principles. Future palliative care clinical trials should expand on the strategies described in this article, adopt effective strategies currently used in nonpalliative care interventions, and innovate around the principles of community-engaged research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimouna Sy
- Center for Aging and Serious Illness, Department of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Seel Ritchie
- Center for Aging and Serious Illness, Department of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Carr C, Borges D, Lewis K, Heron J, Wilson S, Broome MR, Jones I, Di Florio A, Morales-Muñoz I. Sleep and Postpartum Psychosis: A Narrative Review of the Existing Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7550. [PMID: 38137618 PMCID: PMC10744103 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems are extremely common during the postpartum period. The role of sleep in the development of postpartum psychosis (PP) is, however, still under-researched. This narrative review aims to (1) provide a summary of the existing evidence for the associations between sleep problems and PP, (2) discuss the relevant risk factors associated with sleep problems and PP, and (3) suggest future lines of research in this area. Some of the existing literature suggests an association between sleep problems, specifically insomnia, sleep loss and sleep disruption during pregnancy and postpartum, and PP, with the most relevant risk factors including history of bipolar disorder and time of delivery. However, it is still unclear whether the previously mentioned sleep problems are a symptom of, or a trigger for PP. Thus, further research is needed to identify the specific role of sleep problems in PP, using longitudinal designs and more objective measures of sleep. This will allow appropriate detection, intervention and support for women experiencing and/or at risk for PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Carr
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (C.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Borges
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (C.C.); (D.B.)
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry CV6 6NY, UK
| | - Katie Lewis
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jessica Heron
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (C.C.); (D.B.)
- Action on Postpartum Psychosis, Swansea SA3 9BT, UK
| | - Sally Wilson
- Action on Postpartum Psychosis, Swansea SA3 9BT, UK
| | - Matthew R. Broome
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (C.C.); (D.B.)
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Arianna Di Florio
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Isabel Morales-Muñoz
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (C.C.); (D.B.)
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41
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Patel RN, Sharma A, Prasad A, Bansal S. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction With CKD: A Narrative Review of a Multispecialty Disorder. Kidney Med 2023; 5:100705. [PMID: 38046909 PMCID: PMC10692714 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogenous syndrome with varying phenotypic expression. The phenotype chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated HFpEF is increasing in prevalence globally and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared to other HFpEF variants. These 2 conditions share common risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, as well as similar pathophysiology, including systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, elevated neurohormones, mineralocorticoid-receptor activation, and venous congestion. Given the coexistence of CKD and HFpEF, the diagnosis of HFpEF can be difficult. Moreover, treatment options for HFpEF have remained limited despite the success seen in its counterpart, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. HFpEF encompasses complex multisystem pathophysiological perturbations beyond neurohormones, it is unlikely that a single agent can have significant benefit in this population. Recent data on sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in HFpEF and CKD, and on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists in metabolic syndrome, which target multiple pathways simultaneously, have led to promising therapeutics for HFpEF and CKD. In this perspective, our goal is to increase awareness of HFpEF as a multisystem disorder that shares the same disease processes seen in CKD and to emphasize that its management in individuals with CKD warrants a collective and multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul N. Patel
- Transplant Renal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Akash Sharma
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Joe R and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anand Prasad
- Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Shweta Bansal
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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42
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Mankar N, Kumbhare S, Nikhade P, Mahapatra J, Agrawal P. Role of Fluoride in Dentistry: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50884. [PMID: 38249196 PMCID: PMC10799546 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluoride has performed a central role in the growth over the last fifty years. This report examines the present state of knowledge about fluoride's involvement in preventing dental caries. In recent years, our knowledge of the development of dental caries and the manner of operation of fluoride has been shifted. Dental caries is a constant procedure for enamel demineralization and remineralization, and fluoride plays an important part in this action by acting at the plaque-enamel contact. Fluoride's major method of action is now recognized as posteruptive. Fluoride's post-eruptive activity has led to the development of novel fluoride delivery systems. The importance of various fluoride delivery techniques on a population and societal level is discussed, along with suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mankar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Saloni Kumbhare
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pradnya Nikhade
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Joyeeta Mahapatra
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Paridhi Agrawal
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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43
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Sydora BC, Listener L, Kung JY, Ross S, Voyageur C. Traditional crafting as a catalyst for Indigenous women's intergenerational cohesion and wellness: a Canadian perspective. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2175763. [PMID: 36755513 PMCID: PMC9930822 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2175763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigenous crafting practices are increasingly being recognised for their benefit to community connectedness, health, cultural identity, and individual wellbeing. This article explores published literature to determine the role of Indigenous crafting in transferring traditional and cultural teachings from female relatives and Elders to girls and younger women. We examine the effect of crafting on intergenerational cohesion and social connectedness within the Indigenous community. Does crafting serve as an effective conduit for physical, spiritual, emotional, and mental change in learners and teachers? Our review identifies 12 publications that describe Indigenous mostly girls and younger women's experiences as they acquire female Elders', teachers' and older family members' traditional and cultural teachings while participating in crafting activities. The papers identify an array of traditional and cultural activities including: basket weaving, beading, sewing, language acquisition, traditional songs, traditional dance, and storytelling. More contemporary forms of artistic expression such as photography, theatre and film production are also included. Research findings show that learning, teaching and practicing Indigenous crafting is associated with increased intergenerational cohesion, cultural connectedness, and wellbeing for both teachers and learners. Further, learning about Indigenous crafts and activities helps inspire pride in Indigenous identity and promotes healing from historical trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate C. Sydora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,CONTACT Beate C. Sydora Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, 626-1 Community Service Centre, Royal Alexandra Hospital, 10240 Kingsway Avenue NW, Edmonton, AlbertaT5H 3V9, Canada
| | - Luwana Listener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janice Y. Kung
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sue Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Women and Children’s Health Research Institute (WCHRI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cora Voyageur
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Meneo D, Samea F, Tahmasian M, Baglioni C. The emotional component of insomnia disorder: A focus on emotion regulation and affect dynamics in relation to sleep quality and insomnia. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13983. [PMID: 37394234 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical models of insomnia disorder recognise an emotional component in the maintenance of the disorder. Nonetheless, the field of emotions is vast and different processes are involved in psychological well-being. The present narrative review focusses on emotion regulation and affect dynamics, synthesising some of the most recent and relevant evidence on emotions in relation to the quality of sleep and to insomnia disorder. The literature underlines the close association between impaired sleep quality and difficulties in regulating emotions. Impaired sleep quality is also associated with reduced positive affect and increased negative affect, but little evidence supports a bi-directional association between affective states and sleep. Affect variability in relation to sleep has been less investigated. Initial evidence suggests that high variability in positive affect has a negative impact on sleep. Neurobiological and behavioural evidence indicates that insomnia disorder is associated with emotion dysregulation, negative affect, and a distinct daily profile of affective states. More research is needed on the affective experience of patients with insomnia disorder, adopting multiple sampling of affect across the day and the week. Understanding how the unfolding of emotions over time interact with sleep alterations may help to improve the tailoring and monitoring of treatments addressing disturbed emotional processes in insomnia disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Meneo
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fateme Samea
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic for Sleep Psychotherapy, School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
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45
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Govindaraj R, Agar M, Currow D, Luckett T. Assessing Patient-Reported Outcomes in Routine Cancer Clinical Care Using Electronic Administration and Telehealth Technologies: Realist Synthesis of Potential Mechanisms for Improving Health Outcomes. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e48483. [PMID: 38015606 PMCID: PMC10716761 DOI: 10.2196/48483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The routine measurement of patient-reported outcomes in cancer clinical care using electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) is gaining momentum worldwide. However, a deep understanding of the mechanisms underpinning ePROM interventions that could inform their optimal design to improve health outcomes is needed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the implicit mechanisms that underpin the effectiveness of ePROM interventions and develop program theories about how and when ePROM interventions improve health outcomes. METHODS A realist synthesis of the literature about ePROM interventions in cancer clinical care was performed. A conceptual framework of ePROM interventions was constructed to define the scope of the review and frame the initial program theories. Literature searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL, supplemented by citation tracking, were performed to identify relevant literature to develop, refine, and test program theories. Quality appraisal of relevant studies was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS Overall, 61 studies were included in the realist synthesis: 15 (25%) mixed methods studies, 9 (15%) qualitative studies, 13 (21%) descriptive studies, 21 (34%) randomized controlled trials, and 3 (5%) quasi-experimental studies. In total, 3 initial program theories were developed regarding the salient components of ePROM interventions-remote self-reporting, real-time feedback to clinicians, and clinician-patient telecommunication. The refined theories posit that remote self-reporting enables patients to recognize and report symptoms accurately and empowers them to communicate these to clinicians, real-time feedback prompts clinicians to manage symptoms proactively, and clinician-patient telephone interactions and e-interactions between clinic encounters improve symptom management by reshaping how clinicians and patients communicate. However, the intervention may not achieve the intended benefit if ePROMs become a reminder to patients of their illness and are not meaningful to them and when real-time feedback to clinicians lacks relevance and increases the workload. CONCLUSIONS The key to improving health outcomes through ePROM interventions is enabling better symptom reporting and communication through remote symptom self-reporting, promoting proactive management of symptoms through real-time clinician feedback, and facilitating clinician-patient interactions. Patient engagement with self-reporting and clinician engagement in responding to feedback are vital and may reinforce each other in improving outcomes. Effective ePROM interventions might fundamentally alter how clinicians and patients interact between clinic encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Govindaraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- IMPACCT - Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meera Agar
- IMPACCT - Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Currow
- IMPACCT - Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Tim Luckett
- IMPACCT - Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Ahmed F, Callaghan D, Arslan A. A multilevel conceptual framework on green practices: Transforming policies into actionable leadership and employee behavior. Scand J Psychol 2023. [PMID: 38009314 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
As organizations have recognized their cause/solution relationship with the environment, increasing attention is being given to the role of employees make in achieving green organizational objectives. Even though, business sustainability initiatives are often led by leaders; employee green behavior (EGB) plays a vital role in success of such initiatives. The current paper focuses on relatively less researched topic of EGB. It uses a narrative review approach to develop a multi-level conceptual framework that draws upon the connectivity of leadership influence at firm and team levels, and how this influences individual level EGB. The paper offers a holistic approach to influencing effective green strategies in organizational contexts. By doing so, it contributes to the larger debate on different dimensions, mechanisms, and levels of environmentally responsible behavior in organizational settings and opens up new avenues for multi-level and cross-layer empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ahmed
- Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Ahmad Arslan
- Department of Marketing, Management & International Business, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Meng J, Zheng C, Wang H, Välimäki M, Wang M. Non-pharmacological interventions for improving sleep in people living with HIV: a systematic narrative review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1017896. [PMID: 38125837 PMCID: PMC10732507 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1017896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disturbances are common in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and may lead to poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and worsen HIV symptom severity. Due to the side effects of pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbances, there is more room for non-pharmacological interventions, but knowledge of how these non-pharmacological interventions have been used to improve sleep in people living with HIV (PLWH) is still missing. Objective To investigate the content of non-pharmacological interventions, sleep measurements, and the impact of these interventions on improving sleep in PLWH. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and China Biology Medicine disc. Non-pharmacological interventions for improving sleep in PLWH were included, and study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists. We performed a narrative approach to synthesize the data to better understand the details and complexity of the interventions. Results Fifteen experimental studies in three categories for improving sleep in PLWH were included finally, including psychological interventions (components of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, n = 6), physical interventions (auricular plaster therapy, acupuncture, and exercise, n = 8), and elemental interventions (speed of processing training with transcranial direct current stimulation, n = 1). Wrist actigraphy, sleep diary, and self-reported scales were used to measure sleep. Psychological interventions and physical interventions were found to have short-term effects on HIV-related sleep disturbances. Conclusions Psychological and physical interventions of non-pharmacological interventions can potentially improve sleep in PLWH, and the combination of patient-reported outcomes and actigraphy devices can help measure sleep comprehensively. Future non-pharmacological interventions need to follow protocols with evidence-based dosing, contents, and measures to ensure their sustainable and significant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunyuan Zheng
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Center for Evidence-Based Practice & Healthcare Innovation: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Maritta Välimäki
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Center for Evidence-Based Practice & Healthcare Innovation: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Min Wang
- The Institute of HIV/AIDS, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan, China
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Goldin Evans M, Gee RE, Phillippi S, Sothern M, Theall KP, Wightkin J. Multilevel Barriers to Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Uptake: A Narrative Review. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399231211531. [PMID: 37978809 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231211531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Unintended pregnancies, which occur in almost half (45%) of all pregnancies in the United States, are associated with adverse health and social outcomes for the infant and the mother. The risk of unintended pregnancies is significantly reduced when women use long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), namely intrauterine devices and implants. Although LARCs are highly acceptable to women at risk of unintended pregnancies, barriers to accessing LARCs hinder its uptake. These barriers are greater among racial and socioeconomic lines and persist within and across the intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and policy levels. A synthesis of these barriers is unavailable in the current literature but would be beneficial to health care providers of reproductive-aged women, clinical managers, and policymakers seeking to provide equitable reproductive health care services. The aim of this narrative review was to aggregate these complex and overlapping barriers into a concise document that examines: (a) patient, provider, clinic, and policy factors associated with LARC access among populations at risk of unintended pregnancy and (b) the clinical implications of mitigating these barriers to provide equitable reproductive health care services. This review outlines numerous barriers to LARC uptake across multiple levels and demonstrates that LARC uptake is possible when the woman is informed of her contraceptive choices and when financial and clinical barriers are minimized. Equitable reproductive health care services entail unbiased counseling, a full range of contraceptive options, and patient autonomy in contraceptive choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Goldin Evans
- Mary Amelia Center for Women's Health Equity Research, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Phillippi
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Melinda Sothern
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Katherine P Theall
- Mary Amelia Center for Women's Health Equity Research, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Joan Wightkin
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Ronsivalle V, Nucci L, Bua N, Palazzo G, La Rosa S. Elastodontic Appliances for the Interception of Malocclusion in Children: A Systematic Narrative Hybrid Review. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1821. [PMID: 38002912 PMCID: PMC10670240 DOI: 10.3390/children10111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interceptive orthodontic treatment aims to eliminate factors that prevent the harmonious development of the maxillary and mandibular arches during childhood, and elastodontic appliances (EAs) represent a group of devices with an increasingly important role. This systematic narrative hybrid review (HR) aims to provide an overview of the clinical indications for the use of EAs according to the available evidence and to identify potential research areas for unexplored applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the available literature on the subject, selective database searches were performed between July 2023 and September 2023. With the assistance of a health sciences librarian, a search strategy that utilized terms related to elastodontic therapy was developed. Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were the databases used. RESULTS The current literature addressing the usability of EAs is scarce and mostly limited to case reports and case series. After 2168 citations were found through the searches, 13 studies were ultimately included. In this regard, information about the clinical use and effectiveness of EAs are reported in a narrative form, defining specific domains of the application that are clinically oriented, including sagittal and transversal discrepancies, atypical swallowing, teeth malposition, two-phase orthodontics and a lack of teeth retention. CONCLUSIONS Within the intrinsic quality limitation of the available literature, it seems that EAs may represent a promising treatment alternative for managing mild-to-moderate malocclusion in children as an adjuvant therapy to the interruption of spoiled habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties—Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.B.); (G.P.); (S.L.R.)
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicolò Bua
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties—Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.B.); (G.P.); (S.L.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Palazzo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties—Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.B.); (G.P.); (S.L.R.)
| | - Salvatore La Rosa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties—Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.B.); (G.P.); (S.L.R.)
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Sgro M, Ray J, Foster E, Mychasiuk R. Making migraine easier to stomach: the role of the gut-brain-immune axis in headache disorders. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3605-3621. [PMID: 37329292 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Headache disorders place a significant burden on the healthcare system, being the leading cause of disability in those under 50 years. Novel studies have interrogated the relationship between headache disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction, suggesting a link between the gut-brain-immune (GBI) axis and headache pathogenesis. Although the exact mechanisms driving the complex relationship between the GBI axis and headache disorders remain unclear, there is a growing appreciation that a healthy and diverse microbiome is necessary for optimal brain health. METHODS A literature search was performed through multiple reputable databases in search of Q1 journals within the field of headache disorders and gut microbiome research and were critically and appropriately evaluated to investigate and explore the following; the role of the GBI axis in dietary triggers of headache disorders and the evidence indicating that diet can be used to alleviate headache severity and frequency. The relationship between the GBI axis and post-traumatic headache is then synthesized. Finally, the scarcity of literature regarding paediatric headache disorders and the role that the GBI axis plays in mediating the relationship between sex hormones and headache disorders are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS There is potential for novel therapeutic targets for headache disorders if understanding of the GBI axis in their aetiology, pathogenesis and recovery is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Ray
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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