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Okamoto N, Al-Difaie Z, Scheepers MHMC, Heuvelings DJI, Rodríguez-Luna MR, Marescaux J, Diana M, Stassen LPS, Bouvy ND, Al-Taher M. Simultaneous, Multi-Channel, Near-Infrared Fluorescence Visualization of Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Using Indocyanine Green and Methylene Blue: A Demonstration in a Porcine Model. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081469. [PMID: 37189570 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) image-guided surgery is a useful tool that can help reduce perioperative complications and improve tissue recognition. Indocyanine green (ICG) dye is the most frequently used in clinical studies. ICG NIRF imaging has been used for lymph node identification. However, there are still many challenges in lymph node identification by ICG. There is increasing evidence that methylene blue (MB), another clinically applicable fluorescent dye, can also be useful in the intraoperative fluorescence-guided identification of structures and tissues. We hypothesized that MB NIRF imaging could be used for lymph node identification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative lymph node fluorescence detection using intravenously (IV) administered MB and compare it to ICG via a camera that has two dedicated near-infrared (NIR) channels. Three pigs were used in this study. ICG (0.2 mg/kg) was administered via a peripheral venous catheter followed by immediate administration of MB (0.25 mg/kg). NIRF images were acquired as video recordings at different time points (every 10 min) over an hour using the QUEST SPECTRUM® 3 system (Quest Medical Imaging, Middenmeer, The Netherlands), which has two dedicated NIR channels for simultaneous intraoperative fluorescence guidance. The 800 nm channel was used to capture ICG fluorescence and the 700 nm channel was used for MB. The target (lymph nodes and small bowel) and the background (vessels-free field of the mesentery) were highlighted as the regions of interest (ROIs), and corresponding fluorescence intensities (FI) from these ROIs were measured. The target-to-background ratio (TBR) was then computed as the mean FI of the target minus the mean FI of the background divided by the mean FI of the background. In all included animals, a clear identification of lymph nodes was achieved at all time points. The mean TBR of ICG in lymph nodes and small bowel was 4.57 ± 1.00 and 4.37 ± 1.70, respectively for the overall experimental time. Regarding MB, the mean TBR in lymph nodes and small bowel was 4.60 ± 0.92 and 3.27 ± 0.62, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U test of the lymph node TBR/small bowel TBR showed that the TBR ratio of MB was statistically significantly higher than ICG. The fluorescence optical imaging technology used allows for double-wavelength assessment. This feasibility study proves that lymph nodes can be discriminated using two different fluorophores (MB and ICG) with different wavelengths. The results suggest that MB has a promising potential to be used to detect lymphatic tissue during image-guided surgery. Further preclinical trials are needed before clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Okamoto
- IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory, Photonics Instrumentation for Health, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Zaid Al-Difaie
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Max H M C Scheepers
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Danique J I Heuvelings
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - María Rita Rodríguez-Luna
- IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory, Photonics Instrumentation for Health, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Diana
- IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory, Photonics Instrumentation for Health, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurents P S Stassen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole D Bouvy
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdi Al-Taher
- IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Nucci MP, Mamani JB, Oliveira FA, Filgueiras IS, Alves AH, Theinel MH, Rodrigues LD, Marti L, Gamarra LF. Optimization of Multimodal Nanoparticles Internalization Process in Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cell Therapy Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1249. [PMID: 35745821 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering there are several difficulties and limitations in labeling stem cells using multifunctional nanoparticles (MFNP), the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for labeling human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC), aiming to monitor these cells in vivo. Thus, this study provides information on hBM-MSC direct labeling using multimodal nanoparticles in terms of concentration, magnetic field, and period of incubation while maintaining these cells’ viability and the homing ability for in vivo experiments. The cell labeling process was assessed using 10, 30, and 50 µg Fe/mL of MFNP, with periods of incubation ranging from 4 to 24 h, with or without a magnetic field, using optical microscopy, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). After the determination of optimal labeling conditions, these cells were applied in vivo 24 h after stroke induction, intending to evaluate cell homing and improve NIRF signal detection. In the presence of a magnetic field and utilizing the maximal concentration of MFNP during cell labeling, the iron load assessed by NIRF and ICP-MS was four times higher than what was achieved before. In addition, considering cell viability higher than 98%, the recommended incubation time was 9 h, which corresponded to a 25.4 pg Fe/cell iron load (86% of the iron load internalized in 24 h). The optimization of cellular labeling for application in the in vivo study promoted an increase in the NIRF signal by 215% at 1 h and 201% at 7 h due to the use of a magnetized field during the cellular labeling process. In the case of BLI, the signal does not depend on cell labeling showing no significant differences between unlabeled or labeled cells (with or without a magnetic field). Therefore, the in vitro cellular optimized labeling process using magnetic fields resulted in a shorter period of incubation with efficient iron load internalization using higher MFNP concentration (50 μgFe/mL), leading to significant improvement in cell detection by NIRF technique without compromising cellular viability in the stroke model.
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Nucci MP, Oliveira FA, Ferreira JM, Pinto YO, Alves AH, Mamani JB, Nucci LP, Valle NME, Gamarra LF. Effect of Cell Therapy and Exercise Training in a Stroke Model, Considering the Cell Track by Molecular Image and Behavioral Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030485. [PMID: 35159294 PMCID: PMC8834410 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to see how combining physical activity with cell treatment impacts functional recovery in a stroke model. Molecular imaging and multimodal nanoparticles assisted in cell tracking and longitudinal monitoring (MNP). The viability of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) was determined using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and bioluminescent image (BLI) after lentiviral transduction and MNP labeling. At random, the animals were divided into 5 groups (control-G1, and experimental G2-G5). The photothrombotic stroke induction was confirmed by local blood perfusion reduction and Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), and MSC in the G3 and G5 groups were implanted after 24 h, with BLI and near-infrared fluorescence image (NIRF) tracking these cells at 28 h, 2, 7, 14, and 28 days. During a 28-day period, the G5 also conducted physical training, whereas the G4 simply did the training. At 0, 7, 14, and 28 days, the animals were functionally tested using a cylinder test and a spontaneous motor activity test. MNP internalization in MSC was confirmed using brightfield and fluorescence microscopy. In relation to G1 group, only 3% of cell viability reduced. The G2–G5 groups showed more than 69% of blood perfusion reduction. The G5 group performed better over time, with a progressive recovery of symmetry and an increase of fast vertical movements. Up to 7 days, BLI and NIRF followed MSC at the damaged site, demonstrating a signal rise that could be connected to cell proliferation at the injury site during the acute phase of stroke. Local MSC therapy mixed with physical activity resulted in better results in alleviating motor dysfunction, particularly during the acute period. When it comes to neurorehabilitation, this alternative therapy could be a suitable fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P. Nucci
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
- LIM44, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Oliveira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - João M. Ferreira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Yolanda O. Pinto
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Arielly H. Alves
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Javier B. Mamani
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Leopoldo P. Nucci
- Centro Universitário do Planalto Central, Brasília 72445-020, Brazil;
| | - Nicole M. E. Valle
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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Oliveira FA, Nucci MP, Filgueiras IS, Ferreira JM, Nucci LP, Mamani JB, Alvieri F, Souza LEB, Rego GNA, Kondo AT, Hamerschlak N, Gamarra LF. Noninvasive Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in a Bone Marrow Transplant Model. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040939. [PMID: 32290257 PMCID: PMC7226958 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell engraftment depends on adequate cell numbers, their homing, and the subsequent short and long-term engraftment of these cells in the niche. We performed a systematic review of the methods employed to track hematopoietic reconstitution using molecular imaging. We searched articles indexed, published prior to January 2020, in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus with the following keyword sequences: (Hematopoietic Stem Cell OR Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell) AND (Tracking OR Homing) AND (Transplantation). Of 2191 articles identified, only 21 articles were included in this review, after screening and eligibility assessment. The cell source was in the majority of bone marrow from mice (43%), followed by the umbilical cord from humans (33%). The labeling agent had the follow distribution between the selected studies: 14% nanoparticle, 29% radioisotope, 19% fluorophore, 19% luciferase, and 19% animal transgenic. The type of graft used in the studies was 57% allogeneic, 38% xenogeneic, and 5% autologous, being the HSC receptor: 57% mice, 9% rat, 19% fish, 5% for dog, porcine and salamander. The imaging technique used in the HSC tracking had the following distribution between studies: Positron emission tomography/single-photon emission computed tomography 29%, bioluminescence 33%, fluorescence 19%, magnetic resonance imaging 14%, and near-infrared fluorescence imaging 5%. The efficiency of the graft was evaluated in 61% of the selected studies, and before one month of implantation, the cell renewal was very low (less than 20%), but after three months, the efficiency was more than 50%, mainly in the allogeneic graft. In conclusion, our review showed an increase in using noninvasive imaging techniques in HSC tracking using the bone marrow transplant model. However, successful transplantation depends on the formation of engraftment, and the functionality of cells after the graft, aspects that are poorly explored and that have high relevance for clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A. Oliveira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (I.S.F.); (J.M.F.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Mariana P. Nucci
- LIM44—Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Igor S. Filgueiras
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (I.S.F.); (J.M.F.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - João M. Ferreira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (I.S.F.); (J.M.F.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Leopoldo P. Nucci
- Centro Universitário do Planalto Central, Brasília DF 72445-020, Brazil;
| | - Javier B. Mamani
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (I.S.F.); (J.M.F.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Fernando Alvieri
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (I.S.F.); (J.M.F.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Lucas E. B. Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel N. A. Rego
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (I.S.F.); (J.M.F.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Andrea T. Kondo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (I.S.F.); (J.M.F.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Nelson Hamerschlak
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (I.S.F.); (J.M.F.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (I.S.F.); (J.M.F.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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