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Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19. Virulence 2024; 15:2316438. [PMID: 38362881 PMCID: PMC10878030 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. The goal of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the pathologic features that can be observed in several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help inform appropriate model selection for disease modelling as well as for vaccine and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Kirk
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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2
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Lu X, Wang X, Liu X, Liu X. The multifaceted interactions between Newcastle disease virus proteins and host proteins: a systematic review. Virulence 2024; 15:2299182. [PMID: 38193514 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2299182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) typically induces severe illness in poultry and results in significant economic losses for the worldwide poultry sector. NDV, an RNA virus with a single-stranded negative-sense genome, is susceptible to mutation and immune evasion during viral transmission, thus imposing enormous challenges to avian health and poultry production. NDV is composed of six structural proteins and two nonstructural proteins that exert pivotal roles in viral infection and antiviral responses by interacting with host proteins. Nowadays, there is a particular focus on the mechanisms of virus-host protein interactions in NDV research, yet a comprehensive overview of such research is still lacking. Herein, we briefly summarize the mechanisms regarding the effects of virus-host protein interaction on viral infection, pathogenesis, and host immune responses. This review can not only enhance the present comprehension of the mechanism underlying NDV and host interplay, but also furnish a point of reference for the advancement of antiviral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Liao S, Chen Y. The Role of Bioactive Small Molecules in COPD Pathogenesis. COPD 2024; 21:2307618. [PMID: 38329475 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2024.2307618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as a predominant contributor to mortality worldwide, which causes significant burdens to both society and individuals. Given the limited treatment options for COPD, there lies a critical realization: the imperative for expeditious development of novel therapeutic modalities that can effectively alleviate disease progression and enhance the quality of life experienced by COPD patients. Within the intricate field of COPD pathogenesis, an assortment of biologically active small molecules, encompassing small protein molecules and their derivatives, assumes crucial roles through diverse mechanisms. These mechanisms relate to the regulation of redox balance, the inhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators, and the modulation of cellular functions. Therefore, the present article aims to explore and elucidate the distinct roles played by different categories of biologically active small molecules in contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Landers VD, Thomas M, Isom CM, Karki D, Sokoloski KJ. Capsid protein mediated evasion of IRAK1-dependent signalling is essential to Sindbis virus neuroinvasion and virulence in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2300452. [PMID: 38164715 PMCID: PMC10773654 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2300452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAlphaviruses are arthropod-borne, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that are recognized as rapidly emerging pathogens. Despite being exquisitely sensitive to the effects of the innate immune response alphaviruses can readily replicate, disseminate, and induce pathogenesis in immunologically competent hosts. Nonetheless, how alphaviruses evade the induction of an innate immune response prior to viral gene expression, or in non-permissive infections, is unknown. Previously we reported the identification of a novel host/pathogen interaction between the viral Capsid (CP) protein and the host IRAK1 protein. The CP/IRAK1 interaction was determined to negatively impact IRAK1-dependent PAMP detection in vitro, however, the precise importance of the CP/IRAK1 interaction to alphaviral infection remained unknown. Here we detail the identification of the CP/IRAK1 interaction determinants of the Sindbis virus (SINV) CP protein and examine the importance of the interaction to alphaviral infection and pathogenesis in vivo using an interaction deficient mutant of the model neurotropic strain of SINV. Importantly, these interaction determinants are highly conserved across multiple Old-World alphaviruses, including Ross River virus (RRV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Semliki Forest virus (SFV). In the absence of a functional CP/IRAK1 interaction, SINV replication is significantly restricted and fails to disseminate from the primary site of inoculation due to the induction of a robust type-I Interferon response. Altogether these data indicate that the evasion of IRAK1-dependent signalling is critical to overcoming the host innate immune response and the in vivo data presented here demonstrate the importance of the CP/IRAK1 interaction to neurovirulence and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Douglas Landers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Milton Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cierra M. Isom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Deepa Karki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kevin J. Sokoloski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Yang X, Zhu L, Pan H, Yang Y. Cardiopulmonary bypass associated acute kidney injury: better understanding and better prevention. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2331062. [PMID: 38515271 PMCID: PMC10962309 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2331062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a common technique in cardiac surgery but is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), which carries considerable morbidity and mortality. In this review, we explore the range and definition of CPB-associated AKI and discuss the possible impact of different disease recognition methods on research outcomes. Furthermore, we introduce the specialized equipment and procedural intricacies associated with CPB surgeries. Based on recent research, we discuss the potential pathogenesis of AKI that may result from CPB, including compromised perfusion and oxygenation, inflammatory activation, oxidative stress, coagulopathy, hemolysis, and endothelial damage. Finally, we explore current interventions aimed at preventing and attenuating renal impairment related to CPB, and presenting these measures from three perspectives: (1) avoiding CPB to eliminate the fundamental impact on renal function; (2) optimizing CPB by adjusting equipment parameters, optimizing surgical procedures, or using improved materials to mitigate kidney damage; (3) employing pharmacological or interventional measures targeting pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Yang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
- The Jinhua Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Hong Pan
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
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Oka A, Takahashi M, Nishimura W, Oyamada S, Oka S, Iwasaki S, Kanai K, Okano M. Gene expression of cytokines and prostaglandin metabolism-related proteins in eosinophilic otitis media. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100237. [PMID: 38524784 PMCID: PMC10959659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of gene expression in the middle ear mucosa of 2 patients diagnosed with eosinophilic otitis media. One patient with severe hearing loss showed high expression levels of genes encoding IL-5 and IL-33 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Oka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Biology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Shogo Oyamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Oka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Okano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
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Napolitano M, Potestio L, Nocerino M, Patruno C. Considerations for managing elderly patients with atopic dermatitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:501-511. [PMID: 38193289 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2301967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnosis in elderly is challenging, due to its clinical polymorphism and the lack of diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, the chronicity of the disease and the complex pathogenetic mechanism, make elderly AD management challenging. AREAS COVERED A narrative review of the current literature was performed using the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Skin databases, by researching the following terms: 'atopic dermatitis,' 'clinical phenotypes,' 'eczema,' 'elderly patients,' 'elderly type atopic dermatitis,' 'eczema clinical presentation.' The aim was to report the current knowledge on pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment options of elderly AD. EXPERT OPINION Elderly type AD has recently been identified as a separate entity, with an increasing prevalence. With aging, both immunosenescence and barrier alterations can cause or modify AD presentation. Moreover, a chronic proinflammatory state (so-called 'inflammaging') is often present in elderly subjects. Older patients with AD may present with peculiar immunophenotypic profile, making AD diagnosis challenging. Similarly, the chronicity of the disease and the complex pathogenetic mechanism, make AD management a challenge. Indeed, systemic therapies for AD are often contraindicated or not tolerated and the management of elderly type AD is often burdened with numerous difficulties, leading to undertreated disease. Even if dupilumab and tralokinumab represent a valuable therapeutic weapon, more data on safety of JAK inhibitors are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Napolitano
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Potestio
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Nocerino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Chevée V, Hullahalli K, Dailey KG, Güereca L, Zhang C, Waldor MK, Portnoy DA. Temporal and spatial dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes central nervous system infection in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320311121. [PMID: 38635627 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320311121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that can cause life-threatening central nervous system (CNS) infections. While mechanisms by which L. monocytogenes and other pathogens traffic to the brain have been studied, a quantitative understanding of the underlying dynamics of colonization and replication within the brain is still lacking. In this study, we used barcoded L. monocytogenes to quantify the bottlenecks and dissemination patterns that lead to cerebral infection. Following intravenous (IV) inoculation, multiple independent invasion events seeded all parts of the CNS from the blood, however, only one clone usually became dominant in the brain. Sequential IV inoculations and intracranial inoculations suggested that clones that had a temporal advantage (i.e., seeded the CNS first), rather than a spatial advantage (i.e., invaded a particular brain region), were the main drivers of clonal dominance. In a foodborne model of cerebral infection with immunocompromised mice, rare invasion events instead led to a highly infected yet monoclonal CNS. This restrictive bottleneck likely arose from pathogen transit into the blood, rather than directly from the blood to the brain. Collectively, our findings provide a detailed quantitative understanding of the L. monocytogenes population dynamics that lead to CNS infection and a framework for studying the dynamics of other cerebral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Chevée
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Karthik Hullahalli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- HHMI, Bethesda, MD 20815
| | - Katherine G Dailey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- HHMI, Bethesda, MD 20815
| | - Leslie Güereca
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- HHMI, Bethesda, MD 20815
| | - Daniel A Portnoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Shehata WA, Hammam MA, Elbakly AR, Elkady N. Reappraisal of psoriasis pathogenesis: the role of TEAD4 expression in keratinocytes. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38634683 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder with a multifaceted pathogenesis. Immune dysregulation and immune cell dysfunction are among the mechanisms involved. TEA domain family member 4 (TEAD4) is suggested to play a role in psoriasis development. TEAD4 expression in keratinocytes may have a chemotactic effect and could disturb the function of FOXP3-positive T lymphocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the expressions of TEAD4 and FOXP3 in lesional, nonlesional psoriatic, and healthy skin and assess the clinical impact of their expression. METHODS This case-control study included 32 cases with psoriasis vulgaris and 32 control groups. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were examined to evaluate the histopathological findings. Moreover, other sections were immunohistochemically stained with FOXP3 and TEAD4. RESULTS FOXP3 was expressed in inflammatory cells in 56.5, 37.5, and 12.5% of lesional, nonlesional, and healthy skin, whereas it was entirely negative in the keratinocytes. TEAD4 was expressed in keratinocytes in 93.7 and 46.9% of lesional and nonlesional skin, while negative in healthy skin. Significant differences were observed between their lesional, nonlesional, and healthy skin expressions. Furthermore, FOXP3 expression in lesional skin was significantly associated with early onset (P = 0.016), low PASI score (P = 0.002), mild psoriasis (P = 0.007), and axial affection (P = 0.022), while TEAD4 expression was associated with progressive course (P = 0.032), high PASI score (P = 0.002), severe psoriasis (P = 0.001), severe inflammation (P = 0.001), and progressive course (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION TEAD4 expression was higher in lesional than nonlesional skin and absent in healthy skin, suggesting a role in psoriasis development. TEAD4 expression was also associated with severe and progressive psoriasis. This may be mediated by the downregulation of FOXP3 and dysfunction of Treg cells. TEAD4 could serve as a promising therapeutic target in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Shehata
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Hammam
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Elkady
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Aliyu M, Zohora FT, Ceylan A, Hossain F, Yazdani R, Azizi G. Immuno pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: molecular and cellular mechanisms and new immunotherapeutic approaches. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38634438 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2330642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating autoimmune disease with increasing global prevalence. It predominantly affects females, especially those of European descent. The interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in MS etiopathogenesis. Methods: We search recent relevant literature on reputable databases, which include, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceGirect using the following keywords: multiple sclerosis, pathogenesis, autoimmunity, demyelination, therapy, immunotherapy. Results: Various animal models have been utilized to study MS etiopathogenesis and therapeutics. Autoreative T cells within the CNS recruit myeloid cells through chemokine expression, leading to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines driving the MS pathogenesis, resulting in demyelination, gliosis, and axonal loss. Key players include T cell lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), microbiota B cells, and neutrophils. Signaling dysregulation in inflammation pathways and the immunogenetic basis of MS are essential considerations. The pathogenesis of MS involves demyelination, gliosis, and axonal loss driven by inflammatory cytokines. While T cells are traditionally recognized as central to MS, evidence suggests a significant role for B cells and neutrophils. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios correlate with MS severity, indicating their contribution to disease progression. Dysregulated signaling pathways further exacerbate MS progression. Conclusion: MS remains incurable, but disease-modifying therapies, monoclonal antibodies, and immunomodulatory drugs offer hope for patients. Ongoing research into the immunogenetics and immunoregulatory roles of gut microbiota continues to shed light on potential therapeutic avenues. Understanding the complex interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune dysregulation is critical for developing effective treatments for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohora
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ayca Ceylan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fariha Hossain
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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11
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Ding P, Zhang Y, He Y. Risk factors for pterygium: latest research progress on major pathogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2024:109900. [PMID: 38636803 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A pterygium is a wedge-shaped fibrovascular growth of the conjunctiva membrane that extends onto the cornea, which is the outer layer of the eye. It is also known as surfer's eye. Growth of a pterygium can also occur on the either side of the eye, attaching firmly to the sclera. Pterygia are one of the world's most common ocular diseases. However, the pathogenesis remains unsolved to date. As the pathogenesis of pterygium is closely related to finding the ideal treatment, a clear understanding of the pathogenesis will lead to better treatment and lower the recurrence rate, which is notably high and more difficult to treat than a primary pterygium. Massive studies have recently been conducted to determine the exact causes and mechanism of pterygia. We evaluated the pathogenetic factors ultraviolet radiation, viral infection, tumor suppressor genes p53, growth factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuropeptides in the progression of the disease. The heightened expression of TRPV1 suggests its potential contribution in the occurrence of pterygium, promoting its inflammation and modulating sensory responses in ocular tissues. Subsequently, the developmental mechanism of pterygium, along with its correlation with dry eye disease is proposed to facilitate the identification of pathogenetic factors for pterygia, contributing to the advancement of understanding in this area and may lead to improved surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China.
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St Louis BM, Quagliato SM, Su YT, Dyson G, Lee PC. The Hippo kinases control inflammatory Hippo signaling and restrict bacterial infection in phagocytes. mBio 2024:e0342923. [PMID: 38624208 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03429-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo kinases MST1 and MST2 initiate a highly conserved signaling cascade called the Hippo pathway that limits organ size and tumor formation in animals. Intriguingly, pathogens hijack this host pathway during infection, but the role of MST1/2 in innate immune cells against pathogens is unclear. In this report, we generated Mst1/2 knockout macrophages to investigate the regulatory activities of the Hippo kinases in immunity. Transcriptomic analyses identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by MST1/2 that are enriched in biological pathways, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, tuberculosis, and apoptosis. Surprisingly, pharmacological inhibition of the downstream components LATS1/2 in the canonical Hippo pathway did not affect the expression of a set of immune DEGs, suggesting that MST1/2 control these genes via alternative inflammatory Hippo signaling. Moreover, MST1/2 may affect immune communication by influencing the release of cytokines, including TNFα, CXCL10, and IL-1ra. Comparative analyses of the single- and double-knockout macrophages revealed that MST1 and MST2 differentially regulate TNFα release and expression of the immune transcription factor MAF, indicating that the two homologous Hippo kinases individually play a unique role in innate immunity. Notably, both MST1 and MST2 can promote apoptotic cell death in macrophages upon stimulation. Lastly, we demonstrate that the Hippo kinases are critical factors in mammalian macrophages and single-cell amoebae to restrict infection by Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Together, these results uncover non-canonical inflammatory Hippo signaling in macrophages and the evolutionarily conserved role of the Hippo kinases in the anti-microbial defense of eukaryotic hosts. IMPORTANCE Identifying host factors involved in susceptibility to infection is fundamental for understanding host-pathogen interactions. Clinically, individuals with mutations in the MST1 gene which encodes one of the Hippo kinases experience recurrent infection. However, the impact of the Hippo kinases on innate immunity remains largely undetermined. This study uses mammalian macrophages and free-living amoebae with single- and double-knockout in the Hippo kinase genes and reveals that the Hippo kinases are the evolutionarily conserved determinants of host defense against microbes. In macrophages, the Hippo kinases MST1 and MST2 control immune activities at multiple levels, including gene expression, immune cell communication, and programmed cell death. Importantly, these activities controlled by MST1 and MST2 in macrophages are independent of the canonical Hippo cascade that is known to limit tissue growth and tumor formation. Together, these findings unveil a unique inflammatory Hippo signaling pathway that plays an essential role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendyn M St Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sydney M Quagliato
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pei-Chung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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13
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Shea AE, Forsyth VS, Stocki JA, Mitchell TJ, Frick-Cheng AE, Smith SN, Hardy SL, Mobley HLT. Emerging roles for ABC transporters as virulence factors in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310693121. [PMID: 38607934 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310693121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) account for a substantial financial burden globally. Over 75% of UTIs are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which have demonstrated an extraordinarily rapid growth rate in vivo. This rapid growth rate appears paradoxical given that urine and the human urinary tract are relatively nutrient-restricted. Thus, we lack a fundamental understanding of how uropathogens propel growth in the host to fuel pathogenesis. Here, we used large in silico, in vivo, and in vitro screens to better understand the role of UPEC transport mechanisms and their contributions to uropathogenesis. In silico analysis of annotated transport systems indicated that the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters was most conserved among uropathogenic bacterial species, suggesting their importance. Consistent with in silico predictions, we determined that the ABC family contributed significantly to fitness and virulence in the urinary tract: these were overrepresented as fitness factors in vivo (37.2%), liquid media (52.3%), and organ agar (66.2%). We characterized 12 transport systems that were most frequently defective in screening experiments by generating in-frame deletions. These mutant constructs were tested in urovirulence phenotypic assays and produced differences in motility and growth rate. However, deletion of multiple transport systems was required to achieve substantial fitness defects in the cochallenge murine model. This is likely due to genetic compensation among transport systems, highlighting the centrality of ABC transporters in these organisms. Therefore, these nutrient uptake systems play a concerted, critical role in pathogenesis and are broadly applicable candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson E Shea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Valerie S Forsyth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jolie A Stocki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Taylor J Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Arwen E Frick-Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sara N Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sicily L Hardy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Harry L T Mobley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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14
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Shoji M, Ohashi T, Nagase S, Yuri H, Ichihashi K, Takagishi T, Nagata Y, Nomura Y, Fukunaka A, Kenjou S, Miyake H, Hara T, Yoshigai E, Fujitani Y, Sakurai H, Dos Santos HG, Fukada T, Kuzuhara T. Possible involvement of zinc transporter ZIP13 in myogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8052. [PMID: 38609428 PMCID: PMC11014994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome spondylodysplastic type 3 (EDSSPD3, OMIM 612350) is an inherited recessive connective tissue disorder that is caused by loss of function of SLC39A13/ZIP13, a zinc transporter belonging to the Slc39a/ZIP family. We previously reported that patients with EDSSPD3 harboring a homozygous loss of function mutation (c.221G > A, p.G64D) in ZIP13 exon 2 (ZIP13G64D) suffer from impaired development of bone and connective tissues, and muscular hypotonia. However, whether ZIP13 participates in the early differentiation of these cell types remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of ZIP13 in myogenic differentiation using a murine myoblast cell line (C2C12) as well as patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We found that ZIP13 gene expression was upregulated by myogenic stimulation in C2C12 cells, and its knockdown disrupted myotubular differentiation. Myocytes differentiated from iPSCs derived from patients with EDSSPD3 (EDSSPD3-iPSCs) also exhibited incomplete myogenic differentiation. Such phenotypic abnormalities of EDSSPD3-iPSC-derived myocytes were corrected by genomic editing of the pathogenic ZIP13G64D mutation. Collectively, our findings suggest the possible involvement of ZIP13 in myogenic differentiation, and that EDSSPD3-iPSCs established herein may be a promising tool to study the molecular basis underlying the clinical features caused by loss of ZIP13 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Takuto Ohashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Saki Nagase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Haato Yuri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenta Ichihashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Takagishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yuki Nomura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Ayako Fukunaka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sae Kenjou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hatsuna Miyake
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Emi Yoshigai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto-City, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahouji, Yamashirocho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
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15
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Sun X, Belser JA, Pulit-Penaloza JA, Brock N, Pappas C, Zanders N, Jang Y, Jones J, Tumpey TM, Davis CT, Maines TR. Pathogenesis and Transmission Assessment of 3 Swine-Origin Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses With Zoonotic Risk to Humans Isolated in the United States, 2017-2020. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1107-1111. [PMID: 37602528 PMCID: PMC10879443 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The sporadic occurrence of human infections with swine-origin influenza A(H3N2) viruses and the continual emergence of novel A(H3N2) viruses in swine herds underscore the necessity for ongoing assessment of the pandemic risk posed by these viruses. Here, we selected 3 recent novel swine-origin A(H3N2) viruses isolated between 2017 to 2020, bearing hemagglutinins from the 1990.1, 2010.1, or 2010.2 clades, and evaluated their ability to cause disease and transmit in a ferret model. We conclude that despite considerable genetic variances, all 3 contemporary swine-origin A(H3N2) viruses displayed a capacity for robust replication in the ferret respiratory tract and were also capable of limited airborne transmission. These findings highlight the continued public health risk of swine-origin A(H3N2) strains, especially in human populations with low cross-reactive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Sun
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Nicole Brock
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Claudia Pappas
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natosha Zanders
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yunho Jang
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joyce Jones
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Taronna R Maines
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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16
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Shi Y, Wan S, Song X. Role of neurogenic inflammation in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38605467 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia areata refers to an autoimmune illness indicated by persistent inflammation. The key requirement for alopecia areata occurrence is the disruption of immune-privileged regions within the hair follicles. Recent research has indicated that neuropeptides play a role in the damage to hair follicles by triggering neurogenic inflammation, stimulating mast cells ambient the follicles, and promoting apoptotic processes in keratinocytes. However, the exact pathogenesis of alopecia areata requires further investigation. Recently, there has been an increasing focus on understanding the mechanisms of immune diseases resulting from the interplay between the nervous and the immune system. Neurogenic inflammation due to neuroimmune disorders of the skin system may disrupt the inflammatory microenvironment of the hair follicle, which plays a crucial part in the progression of alopecia areata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetan Shi
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Munster DW, Lewandowski BE, Nelson ES, Prabhu RK, Myers JG. Modeling the impact of thoracic pressure on intracranial pressure. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:46. [PMID: 38600142 PMCID: PMC11006658 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A potential contribution to the progression of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome is the thoracic-to-spinal dural sac transmural pressure relationship. In this study, we utilize a lumped-parameter computational model of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) systems to investigate mechanisms of CSF redistribution. We present two analyses to illustrate potential mechanisms for CSF pressure alterations similar to those observed in microgravity conditions. Our numerical evidence suggests that the compliant relationship between thoracic and CSF compartments is insufficient to solely explain the observed decrease in CSF pressure with respect to the supine position. Our analyses suggest that the interaction between thoracic pressure and the cardiovascular system, particularly the central veins, has greater influence on CSF pressure. These results indicate that future studies should focus on the holistic system, with the impact of cardiovascular changes to the CSF pressure emphasized over the sequestration of fluid in the spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drayton W Munster
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA.
| | - Beth E Lewandowski
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA
| | - Emily S Nelson
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA
| | - R K Prabhu
- Universities Space Research Association, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA
| | - Jerry G Myers
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA
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18
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Wang L, Jiang W, Zhao S, Xie D, Chen Q, Zhao Q, Wu H, Luo J, Yang L. Sorafenib inhibits ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament by blocking LOXL2-mediated vascularization. Bone Res 2024; 12:24. [PMID: 38594260 PMCID: PMC11004159 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) is a degenerative hyperostosis disease characterized by the transformation of the soft and elastic vertebral ligament into bone, resulting in limited spinal mobility and nerve compression. Employing both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, we elucidate the molecular characteristics, cellular components, and their evolution during the OPLL process at a single-cell resolution, and validate these findings in clinical samples. This study also uncovers the capability of ligament stem cells to exhibit endothelial cell-like phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Notably, our study identifies LOXL2 as a key regulator in this process. Through gain-and loss-of-function studies, we elucidate the role of LOXL2 in the endothelial-like differentiation of ligament cells. It acts via the HIF1A pathway, promoting the secretion of downstream VEGFA and PDGF-BB. This function is not related to the enzymatic activity of LOXL2. Furthermore, we identify sorafenib, a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as an effective suppressor of LOXL2-mediated vascular morphogenesis. By disrupting the coupling between vascularization and osteogenesis, sorafenib demonstrates significant inhibition of OPLL progression in both BMP-induced and enpp1 deficiency-induced animal models while having no discernible effect on normal bone mass. These findings underscore the potential of sorafenib as a therapeutic intervention for OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, No. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lili Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China.
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19
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Stepien TA, Singletary LA, Guerra FE, Karlinsey JE, Libby SJ, Jaslow SL, Gaggioli MR, Gibbs KD, Ko DC, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Fang FC. Nuclear factor kappa B-dependent persistence of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi in human macrophages. mBio 2024; 15:e0045424. [PMID: 38497655 PMCID: PMC11005419 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00454-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella serovars Typhi and Paratyphi cause a prolonged illness known as enteric fever, whereas other serovars cause acute gastroenteritis. Mechanisms responsible for the divergent clinical manifestations of nontyphoidal and enteric fever Salmonella infections have remained elusive. Here, we show that S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A can persist within human macrophages, whereas S. Typhimurium rapidly induces apoptotic macrophage cell death that is dependent on Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2). S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A lack 12 specific SPI2 effectors with pro-apoptotic functions, including nine that target nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Pharmacologic inhibition of NF-κB or heterologous expression of the SPI2 effectors GogA or GtgA restores apoptosis of S. Typhi-infected macrophages. In addition, the absence of the SPI2 effector SarA results in deficient signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation and interleukin 12 production, leading to impaired TH1 responses in macrophages and humanized mice. The absence of specific nontyphoidal SPI2 effectors may allow S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A to cause chronic infections. IMPORTANCE Salmonella enterica is a common cause of gastrointestinal infections worldwide. The serovars Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A cause a distinctive systemic illness called enteric fever, whose pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Here, we show that enteric fever Salmonella serovars lack 12 specific virulence factors possessed by nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars, which allow the enteric fever serovars to persist within human macrophages. We propose that this fundamental difference in the interaction of Salmonella with human macrophages is responsible for the chronicity of typhoid and paratyphoid fever, suggesting that targeting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) complex responsible for macrophage survival could facilitate the clearance of persistent bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Stepien
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Fermin E. Guerra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joyce E. Karlinsey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen J. Libby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah L. Jaslow
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret R. Gaggioli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle D. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A. Brehm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ferric C. Fang
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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20
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Durstenfeld MS, Weiman S, Holtzman M, Blish C, Pretorius R, Deeks SG. Long COVID and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and treatment: A Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024. [PMID: 38593220 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In 2023, the Keystone Symposia held the first international scientific conference convening research leaders investigating the pathology of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or Long COVID, a growing and urgent public health priority. In this report, we present insights from the talks and workshops presented during this meeting and highlight key themes regarding what researchers have discovered regarding the underlying biology of PASC and directions toward future treatment. Several themes have emerged in the biology, with inflammation and other immune alterations being the most common focus, potentially related to viral persistence, latent virus reactivation, and/or tissue damage and dysfunction, especially of the endothelium, nervous system, and mitochondria. In order to develop safe and effective treatments for people with PASC, critical next steps should focus on the replication of major findings regarding potential mechanisms, disentangling pathogenic mechanisms from downstream effects, development of cellular and animal models, mechanism-focused randomized, placebo-controlled trials, and closer collaboration between people with lived experience, scientists, and other stakeholders. Ultimately, by learning from other post-infectious syndromes, the knowledge gained may help not only those with PASC/Long COVID, but also those with other post-infectious syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Holtzman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine Blish
- Stanford Immunology Program and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Resia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Zhao G, Tang Y, Dan R, Xie M, Zhang T, Li P, He F, Li N, Peng Y. Pasteurella multocida activates apoptosis via the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis to cause pulmonary integrity loss, bacteremia, and eventually a cytokine storm. Vet Res 2024; 55:46. [PMID: 38589976 PMCID: PMC11003142 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an important zoonotic respiratory pathogen capable of infecting a diverse range of hosts, including humans, farm animals, and wild animals. However, the precise mechanisms by which P. multocida compromises the pulmonary integrity of mammals and subsequently induces systemic infection remain largely unexplored. In this study, based on mouse and rabbit models, we found that P. multocida causes not only lung damage but also bacteremia due to the loss of lung integrity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that bacteremia is an important aspect of P. multocida pathogenesis, as evidenced by the observed multiorgan damage and systemic inflammation, and ultimately found that this systemic infection leads to a cytokine storm that can be mitigated by IL-6-neutralizing antibodies. As a result, we divided the pathogenesis of P. multocida into two phases: the pulmonary infection phase and the systemic infection phase. Based on unbiased RNA-seq data, we discovered that P. multocida-induced apoptosis leads to the loss of pulmonary epithelial integrity. These findings have been validated in both TC-1 murine lung epithelial cells and the lungs of model mice. Conversely, the administration of Ac-DEVD-CHO, an apoptosis inhibitor, effectively restored pulmonary epithelial integrity, significantly mitigated lung damage, inhibited bacteremia, attenuated the cytokine storm, and reduced mortality in mouse models. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis is involved in P. multocida-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis in both cells and animals. Thus, our research provides crucial information with regard to the pathogenesis of P. multocida as well as potential treatment options for this and other respiratory bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhan Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruitong Dan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhan Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Environment and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengzhang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Wang D, Yin Y, Zhang X, Ye J. An Interspecies Recombinant Sida Yellow Mosaic China Virus Isolate and Betasatellite Cause a Leaf Curl Disease in Tobacco in Hainan, China. Plant Dis 2024:PDIS07231346RE. [PMID: 37743589 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1346-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is an herbaceous crop. Cigar tobacco, a group of tobacco cultivars, has recently been planted in a few provinces in China. Since its introduction, symptoms such as leaf curling and vein thickening have appeared. Here we report a begomovirus, Sida yellow mosaic China virus-Hainan isolate (designated SiYMCNV-HN), associated with the betasatellite (designated SiYMCNB-HN) as the causal agent of a leaf curl disease in cigar tobacco (N. tabacum cv. Haiyan101) in Hainan Province, China. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses indicate that SiYMCNV-HN is an interspecies recombinant with a SiYMCNV isolate as the major parent and a Sida yellow vein Vietnam virus isolate as the minor parent. Full-length infectious clones of SiYMCNV-HN and SiYMCNB-HN were generated, which were highly infectious and induced high pathogenicity through agroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum. This newly reported recombinant begomovirus poses potential threats to tobacco plantations in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuteng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Cao G, Hu S, Ning Y, Dou X, Ding C, Wang L, Wang Z, Sang X, Yang Q, Shi J, Hao M, Han X. Traditional Chinese medicine in osteoporosis: from pathogenesis to potential activity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1370900. [PMID: 38628648 PMCID: PMC11019011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1370900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis characterized by decreased bone density and mass, is a systemic bone disease with the destruction of microstructure and increase in fragility. Osteoporosis is attributed to multiple causes, including aging, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and other factors induced by the adverse effects of medications. Without treatment, osteoporosis will further progress and bring great trouble to human life. Due to the various causes, the treatment of osteoporosis is mainly aimed at improving bone metabolism, inhibiting bone resorption, and promoting bone formation. Although the currently approved drugs can reduce the risk of fragility fractures in individuals, a single drug has limitations in terms of safety and effectiveness. By contrast, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a characteristic discipline in China, including syndrome differentiation, Chinese medicine prescription, and active ingredients, shows unique advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis and has received attention all over the world. Therefore, this review summarized the pathogenic factors, pathogenesis, therapy limitations, and advantages of TCM, aiming at providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - ShaoQi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Yang F, Wang R, Luo S. Paradoxical psoriasis induced by IL-17 antagonists. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 0:1-9. [PMID: 38594973 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_719_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Background The paradoxical occurrence of psoriasis triggered by Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors is notable due to its prominent symptoms and the therapeutic dilemma it presents for follow-up care. Objective To describe cases in our clinic, perform an in-depth literature review, and suggest the most probable mechanisms of action. Method We conducted a literature review on published cases of IL-17 inhibitor-induced psoriasis. Results We found 22 articles reporting 30 cases of IL-17 inhibitor-induced paradoxical psoriasis, primarily observed in patients with a previous psoriasis history. Almost 60% of cases showed a change in lesion morphology, with the plaque or pustular type being prevalent. About 73.3% of patients had to discontinue the implicated drug, leading to partial or complete symptom resolution. The mechanism behind this response seemed to involve IL-17 inhibitors downregulating Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), subsequently upregulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells and triggering unopposed IFN-alpha (IFN-α) production. Limitation Data are confined to case reports and case series. Conclusion More assertive measures are recommended for treating paradoxical psoriasis induced by IL-17 inhibitors than those caused by TNF-α inhibitors. Reintroducing an IL-17 inhibitor is not advised, as patients did not show improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Dao, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengling Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Dao, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Dao, Tianjin, China
| | - Suju Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Dao, Tianjin, China
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Armbruster CR, Hilliam YK, Zemke AC, Atteih S, Marshall CW, Moore J, Koirala J, Krainz L, Gaston JR, Lee SE, Cooper VS, Bomberger JM. Persistence and evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa following initiation of highly effective modulator therapy in cystic fibrosis. mBio 2024:e0051924. [PMID: 38564694 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00519-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, more than 90% of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are eligible for the highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy called elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) and its use is widespread. Given the drastic respiratory symptom improvement experienced by many post-ETI, clinical studies are already underway to reduce the number of respiratory therapies, including antibiotic regimens, that pwCF historically relied on to combat lung disease progression. Early studies suggest that bacterial burden in the lungs is reduced post-ETI, yet it is unknown how chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations are impacted by ETI. We found that pwCF remain infected throughout their upper and lower respiratory tract with their same strain of P. aeruginosa post-ETI, and these strains continue to evolve in response to the newly CFTR-corrected airway. Our work underscores the continued importance of CF airway microbiology in the new era of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy. IMPORTANCE The highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator therapy Elexakaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) has changed cystic fibrosis (CF) disease for many people with cystic fibrosis. While respiratory symptoms are improved by ETI, we found that people with CF remain infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. How these persistent and evolving bacterial populations will impact the clinical manifestations of CF in the coming years remains to be seen, but the role and potentially changing face of infection in CF should not be discounted in the era of highly effective modulator therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Yasmin K Hilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Anna C Zemke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samar Atteih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - John Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Junu Koirala
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leah Krainz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jordan R Gaston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stella E Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vaughn S Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer M Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Gandikota C, Vaddadi K, Sivasami P, Huang C, Liang Y, Pushparaj S, Deng X, Channappanava R, Metcalf JP, Liu L. The use of human iPSC-derived alveolar organoids to explore SARS-CoV-2 variant infections and host responses. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29579. [PMID: 38572923 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets the respiratory system. Physiologically relevant human lung models are indispensable to investigate virus-induced host response and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolar organoids (AOs) using an established protocol that recapitulates the sequential steps of in vivo lung development. AOs express alveolar epithelial type II cell protein markers including pro-surfactant protein C and ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3. Compared to primary human alveolar type II cells, AOs expressed higher mRNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) and basigin (CD147). Considering the localization of ACE2 on the apical side in AOs, we used three AO models, apical-in, sheared and apical-out for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All three models of AOs were robustly infected with the SARS-CoV-2 irrespective of ACE2 accessibility. Antibody blocking experiment revealed that ASGR1 was the main receptor for SARS-CoV2 entry from the basolateral in apical-in AOs. AOs supported the replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants WA1, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Zeta and Omicron to a variable degree with WA1 being the highest and Omicron being the least. Transcriptomic profiling of infected AOs revealed the induction of inflammatory and interferon-related pathways with NF-κB signaling being the predominant host response. In summary, iPSC-derived AOs can serve as excellent human lung models to investigate infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and host responses from both apical and basolateral sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Gandikota
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kishore Vaddadi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Pulavendran Sivasami
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yurong Liang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Samuel Pushparaj
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xufang Deng
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rudragouda Channappanava
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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Yang D, Xu J, Xu K, Xu P. Skeletal interoception in osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 38561376 PMCID: PMC10985098 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The interoception maintains proper physiological conditions and metabolic homeostasis by releasing regulatory signals after perceving changes in the internal state of the organism. Among its various forms, skeletal interoception specifically regulates the metabolic homeostasis of bones. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex joint disorder involving cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium. The subchondral bone undergoes continuous remodeling to adapt to dynamic joint loads. Recent findings highlight that skeletal interoception mediated by aberrant mechanical loads contributes to pathological remodeling of the subchondral bone, resulting in subchondral bone sclerosis in OA. The skeletal interoception is also a potential mechanism for chronic synovial inflammation in OA. In this review, we offer a general overview of interoception, specifically skeletal interoception, subchondral bone microenviroment and the aberrant subchondral remedeling. We also discuss the role of skeletal interoception in abnormal subchondral bone remodeling and synovial inflammation in OA, as well as the potential prospects and challenges in exploring novel OA therapies that target skeletal interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglong Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Davoody S, Asgari Taei A, Khodabakhsh P, Dargahi L. mTOR signaling and Alzheimer's disease: What we know and where we are? CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14463. [PMID: 37721413 PMCID: PMC11017461 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great body of research done on Alzheimer's disease, the underlying mechanisms have not been vividly investigated. To date, the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles constitutes the hallmark of the disease; however, dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) seems to be significantly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease as well. mTOR, as a serine-threonine protein kinase, was previously known for controlling many cellular functions such as cell size, autophagy, and metabolism. In this regard, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) may leave anti-aging impacts by robustly inhibiting autophagy, a mechanism that inhibits the accumulation of damaged protein aggregate and dysfunctional organelles. Formation and aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-beta plaques seem to be significantly regulated by mTOR signaling. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and connection between mTOR signaling and AD may suggest conducting clinical trials assessing the efficacy of rapamycin, as an mTOR inhibitor drug, in managing AD or may help develop other medications. In this literature review, we aim to elaborate mTOR signaling network mainly in the brain, point to gaps of knowledge, and define how and in which ways mTOR signaling can be connected with AD pathogenesis and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Davoody
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of NeurophysiologyInstitute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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29
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Wang H, Chen X, Meng X, Cao Y, Han S, Liu K, Zhao X, Zhao X, Zhang X. The pathogenic mechanism of syndactyly type V identified in a Hoxd13Q50R knock-in mice. Bone Res 2024; 12:21. [PMID: 38561387 PMCID: PMC10984994 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Syndactyly type V (SDTY5) is an autosomal dominant extremity malformation characterized by fusion of the fourth and fifth metacarpals. In the previous publication, we first identified a heterozygous missense mutation Q50R in homeobox domain (HD) of HOXD13 in a large Chinese family with SDTY5. In order to substantiate the pathogenicity of the variant and elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanism causing limb malformation, transcription-activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) was employed to generate a Hoxd13Q50R mutant mouse. The mutant mice exhibited obvious limb malformations including slight brachydactyly and partial syndactyly between digits 2-4 in the heterozygotes, and severe syndactyly, brachydactyly and polydactyly in homozygotes. Focusing on BMP2 and SHH/GREM1/AER-FGF epithelial mesenchymal (e-m) feedback, a crucial signal pathway for limb development, we found the ectopically expressed Shh, Grem1 and Fgf8 and down-regulated Bmp2 in the embryonic limb bud at E10.5 to E12.5. A transcriptome sequencing analysis was conducted on limb buds (LBs) at E11.5, revealing 31 genes that exhibited notable disparities in mRNA level between the Hoxd13Q50R homozygotes and the wild-type. These genes are known to be involved in various processes such as limb development, cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Our findings indicate that the ectopic expression of Shh and Fgf8, in conjunction with the down-regulation of Bmp2, results in a failure of patterning along both the anterior-posterior and proximal-distal axes, as well as a decrease in interdigital programmed cell death (PCD). This cascade ultimately leads to the development of syndactyly and brachydactyly in heterozygous mice, and severe limb malformations in homozygous mice. These findings suggest that abnormal expression of SHH, FGF8, and BMP2 induced by HOXD13Q50R may be responsible for the manifestation of human SDTY5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiumin Chen
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaolu Meng
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yixuan Cao
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shirui Han
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Keqiang Liu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ximeng Zhao
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Li Y, Leng Y, Liu Y, Zhong J, Li J, Zhang S, Li Z, Yang K, Kong X, Lao W, Bi C, Zhai A. Advanced multifunctional hydrogels for diabetic foot ulcer healing: Active substances and biological functions. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13537. [PMID: 38599855 PMCID: PMC11006623 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Hydrogels with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability can be used as the desirable dressings for the therapy of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). This review aimed to summarize the biological functions of hydrogels, combining with the pathogenesis of DFU. METHODS The studies in the last 10 years were searched and summarized from the online database PubMed using a combination of keywords such as hydrogel and diabetes. The biological functions of hydrogels and their healing mechanism on DFU were elaborated. RESULTS In this review, hydrogels were classified by their active substances such as drugs, cytokines, photosensitizers, and biomimetic peptide. Based on this, the biological functions of hydrogels were summarized by associating the pathogenesis of DFU, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, cell phenotype change, vasculopathy, and infection. This review also pointed out some of the shortcomings of hydrogels in present researches. CONCLUSIONS Hydrogels were classified into carrier hydrogels and self-functioning hydrogels in this review. Besides, the functions and components of existing hydrogels were clarified to provide assistance for future researches and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yuxin Leng
- Department of Critical Care MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jianhua Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Shitong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Kaming Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xinyi Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Wanwen Lao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Changlong Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Aixia Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
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31
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Valentini G. Exploring the similarity between genetic diseases improves their differential diagnosis and the understanding of their etiology. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:373-374. [PMID: 38273167 PMCID: PMC10999431 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Valentini
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Via Celoria 18, Milan, Italy.
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32
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Krut' VG, Kalinichenko AL, Maltsev DI, Jappy D, Shevchenko EK, Podgorny OV, Belousov VV. Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches for modeling neurological disorders in vivo. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 235:102600. [PMID: 38548126 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Animal models of human neurological disorders provide valuable experimental tools which enable us to study various aspects of disorder pathogeneses, ranging from structural abnormalities and disrupted metabolism and signaling to motor and mental deficits, and allow us to test novel therapies in preclinical studies. To be valid, these animal models should recapitulate complex pathological features at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and behavioral levels as closely as possible to those observed in human subjects. Pathological states resembling known human neurological disorders can be induced in animal species by toxins, genetic factors, lesioning, or exposure to extreme conditions. In recent years, novel animal models recapitulating neuropathologies in humans have been introduced. These animal models are based on synthetic biology approaches: opto- and chemogenetics. In this paper, we review recent opto- and chemogenetics-based animal models of human neurological disorders. These models allow for the creation of pathological states by disrupting specific processes at the cellular level. The artificial pathological states mimic a range of human neurological disorders, such as aging-related dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, and ataxias. Opto- and chemogenetics provide new opportunities unavailable with other animal models of human neurological disorders. These techniques enable researchers to induce neuropathological states varying in severity and ranging from acute to chronic. We also discuss future directions for the development and application of synthetic biology approaches for modeling neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya G Krut'
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrei L Kalinichenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Maltsev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeny K Shevchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Oleg V Podgorny
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow 143025, Russia.
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Xiao F, He Z, Wang S, Li J, Fan X, Yan T, Yang M, Yang D. Regulatory mechanism of circular RNAs in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14499. [PMID: 37864389 PMCID: PMC11017410 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disease is a collective term for a category of diseases that are caused by neuronal dysfunction, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs without the 3' cap and 5' poly(A) and are linked by covalent bonds. CircRNAs are highly expressed in brain neurons and can regulate the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases by affecting the levels of various deposition proteins. AIMS This review is aiming to suggest that the majority of circRNAs influence neurodegenerative pathologies mainly by affecting the abnormal deposition of proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS We systematically summarized the pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases and the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in various types of neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Neurodegenerative disease main features include intercellular ubiquitin-proteasome system abnormalities, changes in cytoskeletal proteins, and the continuous deposition of insoluble protein fragments and inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm or nucleus, resulting in impairment of the normal physiological processes of the neuronal system. CircRNAs have multiple mechanisms, such as acting as microRNA sponges, binding to proteins, and regulating transcription. CircRNAs, which are highly stable molecules, are expected to be potential biomarkers for the pathological detection of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we describe the regulatory roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases and aim to employ circRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiamei Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mingyao Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Lee AG. Anaemia, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1029-1030. [PMID: 38042917 PMCID: PMC11009225 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Panwar S, Uniyal P, Kukreti N, Hashmi A, Verma S, Arya A, Joshi G. Role of autophagy and proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: Exploring the therapeutic interventions. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14515. [PMID: 38570333 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are devastating disorders characterized by gradual loss of neurons and cognition or mobility impairment. The common pathological features of these diseases are associated with the accumulation of misfolded or aggregation of proteins. The pivotal roles of autophagy and proteostasis in maintaining cellular health and preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). This article presents an in-depth examination of the interplay between autophagy and proteostasis, highlighting how these processes cooperatively contribute to cellular homeostasis and prevent pathogenic protein aggregate accumulation. Furthermore, the review emphasises the potential therapeutic implications of targeting autophagy and proteostasis to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases. While advancements in research hold promise for developing novel treatments, the article also addresses the challenges and complexities associated with modulating these intricate cellular pathways. Ultimately, advancing understanding of the underlying mechanism of autophagy and proteostasis in neurodegenerative disorders provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Panwar
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Afreen Hashmi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Shivani Verma
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Aanchal Arya
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India
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36
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Dong C, Zhou J, Su X, He Z, Song Q, Song C, Ke H, Wang C, Liao W, Yang S. Understanding formation processes of calcareous nephrolithiasis in renal interstitium and tubule lumen. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18235. [PMID: 38509735 PMCID: PMC10955165 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone, one of the oldest known diseases, has plagued humans for centuries, consistently imposing a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems worldwide due to their high incidence and recurrence rates. Advancements in endoscopy, imaging, genetics, molecular biology and bioinformatics have led to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone formation is a complex, multi-step and long-term process involving the transformation of stone-forming salts from free ions into asymptomatic or symptomatic stones influenced by physical, chemical and biological factors. Among the various types of kidney stones observed in clinical practice, calcareous nephrolithiasis is currently the most common and exhibits the most intricate formation mechanism. Extensive research suggests that calcareous nephrolithiasis primarily originates from interstitial subepithelial calcified plaques and/or calcified blockages in the openings of collecting ducts. These calcified plaques and blockages eventually come into contact with urine in the renal pelvis, serving as a nidus for crystal formation and subsequent stone growth. Both pathways of stone formation share similar mechanisms, such as the drive of abnormal urine composition, involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation, and an imbalance of stone inhibitors and promoters. However, they also possess unique characteristics. Hence, this review aims to provide detailed description and present recent discoveries regarding the formation processes of calcareous nephrolithiasis from two distinct birthplaces: renal interstitium and tubule lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitao Dong
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaozhe Su
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Qianlin Song
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Chao Song
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Hu Ke
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
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Wang X, Hu Y, Xu R. The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:800-806. [PMID: 37843214 PMCID: PMC10664110 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord, and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities, and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions. However, as the disease progresses, it affects the adjacent body regions, leading to generalized muscle weakness, occasionally along with memory, cognitive, behavioral, and language impairments; respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease. The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently, only riluzole, edaravone, and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries. The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97% of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport, RNA function, post-translational modification, liquid-liquid phase separation, stress granules, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, axonal transport, protein quality control system, and non-cellular autonomous functions (e.g., glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yushu Hu
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Gu Z, Tu C, Song D, Yang Z, Xia J. Comprehensive analysis of risk factors and pathogenetic characteristics associated with surgical site infections following craniotomy procedures. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14550. [PMID: 38069518 PMCID: PMC10961042 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Craniotomies are intricate neurosurgical procedures susceptible to post-operative complications, among which surgical site infections (SSIs) are particularly concerning. This study sought to elucidate the potential risk factors and pathogenetic characteristics associated with SSIs following craniotomy procedures in a clinical setting. A retrospective study was conducted from May 2020 to May 2023, examining patients subjected to elective or emergency craniotomies. The cohort underwent post-operative surveillance for SSIs, facilitating patient classification into SSI and Non-SSI groups based on infection occurrence. Data collection encapsulated demographic and clinical parameters, including American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classifications, and operative factors. SSIs were diagnosed via an integrated approach combining clinical symptoms, microbiological culture findings and pertinent laboratory tests. A rigorous statistical methodology employing IBM's SPSS version 27.0 was utilised for data analysis. In a univariate analysis, significant risk factors for post-craniotomy SSIs were identified, with patients aged over 60 displaying a pronounced susceptibility. Moreover, surgeries exceeding a duration of 4 h heightened infection risks. Elevated ASA grades denoted an increased prevalence of SSIs, as did emergency procedures and higher National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance scores. Multivariate analysis pinpointed epidural/subdural drainage as a protective measure against SSIs, whereas emergency surgeries, operative times beyond 4 h and subsequent surgeries within the hospital stay amplified infection risks. Notably, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus dominated the identified pathogens at 28.09%, followed by Escherichia coli (17.98%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.11%) and Staphylococcus aureus (11.24%), underscoring the need for diverse prophylactic measures. SSIs following craniotomies present a multifaceted challenge influenced by a confluence of patient-related, operative and post-operative determinants. Understanding these risk factors is paramount in refining surgical protocols and post-operative care strategies to mitigate SSI incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Gu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Chuanjian Tu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Dagang Song
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Jiajie Xia
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingZhejiang ProvinceChina
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Suyapoh W, Keawchana N, Sornying P, Tangkawattana S, Khirilak P, Jantrakajorn S. Mixed Eimeria and Cryptosporidium infection and its effects on pathology and clinical outcomes in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in Thailand. J Fish Dis 2024; 47:e13914. [PMID: 38185743 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an important disease in juvenile fish because of severe intestinal injury during infection. We first reported the mixed infection of intestinal coccidia and its association with health status and pathological findings in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in Thailand. Two groups of Asian seabass, 60-day fish and 90-day fish, were sampled to investigate prevalence and coccidian infection intensity using morphological characterization and PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene amplified from the intestines revealed Eimeria sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. infection. The prevalence of Eimeria sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in sampled fish was 100%. Clinical outcomes assessed, using health assessment index (HAI) scoring and semi-quantitative grading of intestinal lesions and inflammation, demonstrated that all fish developed variety of pathology and clinical illness; however, infection intensity in 60-day fish was significantly higher (p < .05) than 90-day fish. The HAI score of 60-day fish was poorer than 90-day fish, which correlated to a high infection intensity (r = .397), analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Overproduction of intestinal oxidants contributing to mucosal injury was examined by nitrotyrosine expression. The high production of reactive nitrogen species indicated severe inflammatory response, and intestinal injuries occurred mainly in the 60-day fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapol Suyapoh
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narissara Keawchana
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Peerapon Sornying
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pokphon Khirilak
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Unit, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Camela E, Giampetruzzi AR, De Pità O, Pallotta S, Russo F. Dupilumab in real-life settings: a review of adverse events and their pathogenesis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:439-447. [PMID: 38470213 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2326480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dupilumab is a safe and effective biological drug that revolutionized the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Concerning adverse events (AEs), the most commonly reported included ocular involvement, nasopharyngitis, and injection site reactions in clinical trials. Anyway, its use in daily practice is revealing novel dupilumab-induced manifestations. AREAS COVERED Relevant English literature (real-life studies, case series, reviews, and meta-analyses) regarding real-life adverse events induced by dupilumab were searched for up to 10 June 2023. EXPERT OPINION Dupilumab is an effective treatment for AD, showing favorable safety profile since no routine laboratory monitoring is recommended. However, several cutaneous and extracutaneous AEs have been reported in real-life setting expanding the pool emerged from clinical trials. In detail, dupilumab may determine de-novo onset or exacerbation of preexisting conditions, whose pathogenesis is still unclear and seems to involve Th1/Th2 and Th2/Th17 immune-response imbalance. Also, the heterogeneity and the variable onset time of AEs with respect to dupilumab initiation warrant a thorough patients' history collection and strict short- and long-term monitoring. Finally, the most appropriate management of patients with AEs related to dupilumab should take into consideration efficacy for AD as well as severity and nature of the AE, available treatment and patients' preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Camela
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ornella De Pità
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Filomena Russo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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İnan S, Barış E. The role of autophagy in odontogenesis, dental implant surgery, periapical and periodontal diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18297. [PMID: 38613351 PMCID: PMC11015398 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that is evolutionarily conserved, involving the sequestration of damaged organelles and proteins into autophagic vesicles, which subsequently fuse with lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy controls the development of many diseases by influencing apoptosis, inflammation, the immune response and different cellular processes. Autophagy plays a significant role in the aetiology of disorders associated with dentistry. Autophagy controls odontogenesis. Furthermore, it is implicated in the pathophysiology of pulpitis and periapical disorders. It enhances the survival, penetration and colonization of periodontal pathogenic bacteria into the host periodontal tissues and facilitates their escape from host defences. Autophagy plays a crucial role in mitigating exaggerated inflammatory reactions within the host's system during instances of infection and inflammation. Autophagy also plays a role in the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic diseases. Autophagy promotes wound healing and may enhance implant osseointegration. This study reviews autophagy's dento-alveolar effects, focusing on its role in odontogenesis, periapical diseases, periodontal diseases and dental implant surgery, providing valuable insights for dentists on tooth development and dental applications. A thorough examination of autophagy has the potential to discover novel and efficacious treatment targets within the field of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinç İnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of DentistryGazi UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Emre Barış
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of DentistryGazi UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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Wallace HL, Russell RS. Inflammatory Consequences: Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:126-138. [PMID: 38593460 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), despite the availability of effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that clear the virus from >95% of individuals treated, continues to cause significant health care burden due to disease progression that can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The fact that some people who are treated with DAAs still go on to develop worsening liver disease warrants further study into the immunopathogenesis of HCV. Many viral infections, including HCV, have been associated with activation of the inflammasome/pyroptosis pathway. This inflammatory cell death pathway ultimately results in cell lysis and release of inflammatory cytokines, IL-18 and IL-1β. This review will report on studies that investigated HCV and inflammasome activation/pyroptosis. This includes clinical in vivo data showing elevated pyroptosis-associated cytokines in the blood of individuals living with HCV, studies of genetic associations of pyroptosis-related genes and development of liver disease, and in vitro studies aimed at understanding the mechanism of pyroptosis induced by HCV. Finally, we discuss major gaps in understanding and outstanding questions that remain in the field of HCV-induced pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Wallace
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Canada
| | - Rodney S Russell
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Canada
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Bowman C, Rockson SG. The Role of Inflammation in Lymphedema: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis and Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3907. [PMID: 38612716 PMCID: PMC11011271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema is a chronic and progressive disease of the lymphatic system characterized by inflammation, increased adipose deposition, and tissue fibrosis. Despite early hypotheses identifying lymphedema as a disease of mechanical lymphatic disruption alone, the progressive inflammatory nature underlying this condition is now well-established. In this review, we provide an overview of the various inflammatory mechanisms that characterize lymphedema development and progression. These mechanisms contribute to the acute and chronic phases of lymphedema, which manifest clinically as inflammation, fibrosis, and adiposity. Furthermore, we highlight the interplay between current therapeutic modalities and the underlying inflammatory microenvironment, as well as opportunities for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine Bowman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stanley G. Rockson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
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Selvakumar B, Sekar P, Samsudin AR. Intestinal macrophages in pathogenesis and treatment of gut leakage: current strategies and future perspectives. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:607-619. [PMID: 38198217 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play key roles in tissue homeostasis, defense, disease, and repair. Macrophages are highly plastic and exhibit distinct functional phenotypes based on micro-environmental stimuli. In spite of several advancements in understanding macrophage biology and their different functional phenotypes in various physiological and pathological conditions, currently available treatment strategies targeting macrophages are limited. Macrophages' high plasticity and diverse functional roles-including tissue injury and wound healing mechanisms-mark them as potential targets to mine for efficient therapeutics to treat diseases. Despite mounting evidence on association of gut leakage with several extraintestinal diseases, there is no targeted standard therapy to treat gut leakage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic strategies to treat this condition. Macrophages are the cells that play the largest role in interacting with the gut microbiota in the intestinal compartment and exert their intended functions in injury and repair mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the origins and phenotypes of macrophages. The specific role of macrophages in intestinal barrier function, their role in tissue repair mechanisms, and their association with gut microbiota are discussed. In addition, currently available therapies and the putative tissue repair mediators of macrophages for treating microbiota dysbiosis induced gut leakage are also discussed. The overall aim of this review is to convey the intense need to screen for microbiota induced macrophage-released prorepair mediators, which could lead to the identification of potential candidates that could be developed for treating the leaky gut and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Selvakumar
- Department of Microbiota, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyadharshini Sekar
- Department of Microbiota, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Rani Samsudin
- Department of Microbiota, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Raheem A, Lu D, Khalid AK, Zhao G, Fu Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Hu C, Chen J, Chen H, Guo A. The Identification of a Novel Nucleomodulin MbovP467 of Mycoplasmopsis bovis and Its Potential Contribution in Pathogenesis. Cells 2024; 13:604. [PMID: 38607043 PMCID: PMC11011252 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmopsis bovis is a causative agent of crucial diseases in both dairy and beef cattle leading to substantial economic losses. However, limited control measures for M. bovis-related diseases exist due to a lack of understanding about the virulence factors of this pathogen, a common challenge in mycoplasma research. Consequently, this study aimed to characterize a novel nucleomodulin as a virulence-related factor of M. bovis. Employing bioinformatic tools, we initially predicted MbovP467 to be a secreted protein with a nuclear localization signal based on SignalP scores and the cNLS (Nuclear Localization Signal) Mapper, respectively. Subsequently, the MbovP467 gene was synthesized and cloned into a pEGFP plasmid with EGFP labeling to obtain a recombinant plasmid (rpEGFP-MbovP467) and then was also cloned in pET-30a with a consideration for an Escherichia coli codon bias and expressed and purified for the production of polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant MbovP467 protein. Confocal microscopy and a Western blotting assay confirmed the nuclear location of MbovP467 in bovine macrophages (BoMacs). RNA-seq data revealed 220 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated genes in the rpEGFP-MbovP467-treated BoMac group compared to the control group (pEGFP). A GO- and KEGG-enrichment analysis identified associations with inflammatory responses, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways, nuclear receptor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, the regulation of cell proliferation, IL-8, apoptotic processes, cell growth and death, the TNF signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and protein families of signaling and cellular processes among the differentially expressed up-regulated mRNAs. Further experiments, investigating cell viability and the inflammatory response, demonstrated that MbovP467 reduces BoMac cell viability and induces the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and apoptosis in BoMac cells. Further, MbovP467 increased the promoter activity of TNF-α. In conclusion, this study identified a new nucleomodulin, MbovP467, for M. bovis, which might have an important role in M. bovis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Abdul Karim Khalid
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Yingjie Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Xiang Z, Zhang P, Jia C, Xu R, Cao D, Xu Z, Lu T, Liu J, Wang X, Qiu C, Fu W, Li W, Cheng L, Yang Q, Feng S, Wang L, Zhao Y, Liu X. Piezo1 channel exaggerates ferroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by mediating mechanical stress-induced iron influx. Bone Res 2024; 12:20. [PMID: 38553442 PMCID: PMC10980708 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, several molecules have been found to facilitate iron influx, while the types of iron influx channels remain to be elucidated. Here, Piezo1 channel was identified as a key iron transporter in response to mechanical stress. Piezo1-mediated iron overload disturbed iron metabolism and exaggerated ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Importantly, Piezo1-induced iron influx was independent of the transferrin receptor (TFRC), a well-recognized iron gatekeeper. Furthermore, pharmacological inactivation of Piezo1 profoundly reduced iron accumulation, alleviated mitochondrial ROS, and suppressed ferroptotic alterations in stimulation of mechanical stress. Moreover, conditional knockout of Piezo1 (Col2a1-CreERT Piezo1flox/flox) attenuated the mechanical injury-induced intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Notably, the protective effect of Piezo1 deficiency in IVDD was dampened in Piezo1/Gpx4 conditional double knockout (cDKO) mice (Col2a1-CreERT Piezo1flox/flox/Gpx4flox/flox). These findings suggest that Piezo1 is a potential determinant of iron influx, indicating that the Piezo1-iron-ferroptosis axis might shed light on the treatment of mechanical stress-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 226000, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunwang Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rongkun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dingren Cao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhaoning Xu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061011, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 226000, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenyang Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 30021, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lianlei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Xing L, Wang Z, Hao Z, Pan P, Yang A, Wang J. Cuproptosis in stroke: focusing on pathogenesis and treatment. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1349123. [PMID: 38605864 PMCID: PMC11007218 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1349123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Annually, more than 15 million people worldwide suffer from stroke, a condition linked to high mortality and disability rates. This disease significantly affects daily life, impairing everyday functioning, executive function, and cognition. Moreover, stroke severely restricts patients' ability to perform daily activities, diminishing their overall quality of life. Recent scientific studies have identified cuproptosis, a newly discovered form of cell death, as a key factor in stroke development. However, the role of cuproptosis in stroke remains unclear to researchers. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the mechanisms of cuproptosis in stroke's pathogenesis. This review examines the physiological role of copper, the characteristics and mechanisms of cuproptosis, the differences and similarities between cuproptosis and other cell death types, and the pathophysiology of cuproptosis in stroke, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction and immune infiltration. Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between previous strokes and cuproptosis and to clarify the mechanisms behind these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Xing
- The First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- The First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pan Pan
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Aiming Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Yamamoto M, Tanaka T, Aochi S, Uehara M, Kamekura R, Takano KI. Extraction of characteristic serum microRNAs and prediction of target genes in IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis. Mod Rheumatol 2024; 34:632-638. [PMID: 37747366 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis (IgG4-DS) and predict the targeted genes. METHODS miRNAs in the serum of nine patients with IgG4-DS, three patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, and three healthy controls were analysed using the human miRNA chip, and miRNAs that exhibited significant fluctuation in expression in IgG4-DS patients were extracted. The respective target genes were predicted using an existing database, and expression of the target genes was evaluated in actual submandibular gland tissues affected by IgG4-DS. RESULTS Serum miR-125a-3p and miR-125b-1-3p levels were elevated in IgG4-DS. Six candidate target genes (glypican 4, forkhead box C1, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 11, and tumour-associated calcium signal transducer 2) were downregulated in the affected submandibular gland tissue. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-125a-3p and miR-125b-1-3p is a hallmark of IgG4-DS. These miRNAs appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of IgG4-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonao Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Aochi
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Uehara
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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Wang B, Zhu Y, Liu D, Hu C, Zhu R. The intricate dance of non-coding RNAs in myasthenia gravis pathogenesis and treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342213. [PMID: 38605954 PMCID: PMC11007667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) stands as a perplexing autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction, driven by a multitude of antibodies targeting postsynaptic elements. However, the mystery of MG pathogenesis has yet to be completely uncovered, and its heterogeneity also challenges diagnosis and treatment. Growing evidence shows the differential expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in MG has played an essential role in the development of MG in recent years. Remarkably, these aberrantly expressed ncRNAs exhibit distinct profiles within diverse clinical subgroups and among patients harboring various antibody types. Furthermore, they have been implicated in orchestrating the production of inflammatory cytokines, perturbing the equilibrium of T helper 1 cells (Th1), T helper 17 cells (Th17), and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inciting B cells to generate antibodies. Studies have elucidated that certain ncRNAs mirror the clinical severity of MG, while others may hold therapeutic significance, showcasing a propensity to return to normal levels following appropriate treatments or potentially foretelling the responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapies. Notably, the intricate interplay among these ncRNAs does not follow a linear trajectory but rather assembles into a complex network, with competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) emerging as a prominent hub in some cases. This comprehensive review consolidates the landscape of dysregulated ncRNAs in MG, briefly delineating their pivotal role in MG pathogenesis. Furthermore, it explores their promise as prospective biomarkers, aiding in the elucidation of disease subtypes, assessment of disease severity, monitoring therapeutic responses, and as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Holmes AC, Lucas CJ, Brisse ME, Ware BC, Hickman HD, Morrison TE, Diamond MS. Ly6C + monocytes in the skin promote systemic alphavirus dissemination. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113876. [PMID: 38446669 PMCID: PMC11005330 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses are mosquito-transmitted pathogens that induce high levels of viremia, which facilitates dissemination and vector transmission. One prevailing paradigm is that, after skin inoculation, alphavirus-infected resident dendritic cells migrate to the draining lymph node (DLN), facilitating further rounds of infection and dissemination. Here, we assess the contribution of infiltrating myeloid cells to alphavirus spread. We observe two phases of virus transport to the DLN, one that occurs starting at 1 h post infection and precedes viral replication, and a second that requires replication in the skin, enabling transit to the bloodstream. Depletion of Ly6C+ monocytes reduces local chikungunya (CHIKV) or Ross River virus (RRV) infection in the skin, diminishes the second phase of virus transport to the DLN, and delays spread to distal sites. Our data suggest that infiltrating monocytes facilitate alphavirus infection at the initial infection site, which promotes more rapid spread into circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn C Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cormac J Lucas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Morgan E Brisse
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian C Ware
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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