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Colborne S, Peiman KS, Birnie-Gauvin K, Larsen MH, Aarestrup K, Cooke SJ. Effects of pre-winter cortisol exposure on condition, diet, and morphology of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2024; 341:282-292. [PMID: 38238913 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Winter is an energetically challenging period for many animals in temperate regions because of the relatively harsh environmental conditions and reduction in food availability during this season. Moreover, stressors experienced by individuals in the fall can affect their subsequent foraging strategy and energy stores after exposure has ended, referred to as carryover effects. We used exogenous cortisol manipulation of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the fall to simulate a physiological stress response and then investigated short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (4 months) effects on condition metrics (hepatosomatic index and water muscle content), diet (stomach contents and stable isotopes), and morphology during growth in freshwater. We revealed some short-term impacts, likely due to handling stress, and long-term (seasonal) changes in diet, likely reflecting prey availability. Unfortunately, we had very few recaptures of cortisol-treated fish at long-term sampling, limiting detailed analysis about cortisol effects at that time point. Nonetheless, the fish that were sampled showed elevated stable isotopes, suggestive of a cortisol effect long after exposure. This is one of few studies to investigate whether cortisol influences foraging and morphology during juvenile growth, thus extending the knowledge of proximate mechanisms influencing ecologically-relevant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Colborne
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Quantitative Fisheries Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Peiman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Martin H Larsen
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Hu FB. Diet strategies for promoting healthy aging and longevity: An epidemiological perspective. J Intern Med 2024; 295:508-531. [PMID: 37867396 PMCID: PMC10939982 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, global life expectancies have risen significantly, accompanied by a marked increase in chronic diseases and population aging. This narrative review aims to summarize recent findings on the dietary factors influencing chronic diseases and longevity, primarily from large cohort studies. First, maintaining a healthy weight throughout life is pivotal for healthy aging and longevity, mirroring the benefits of lifelong, moderate calorie restriction in today's obesogenic food environment. Second, the specific types or food sources of dietary fat, protein, and carbohydrates are more important in influencing chronic disease risk and mortality than their quantity. Third, some traditional diets (e.g., the Mediterranean, Nordic, and Okinawa) and contemporary dietary patterns, such as healthy plant-based diet index, the DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet, and alternate healthy eating index, have been associated with lower mortality and healthy longevity. These patterns share many common components (e.g., a predominance of nutrient-rich plant foods; limited red and processed meats; culinary herbs and spices prevalent in global cuisines) while embracing distinct elements from different cultures. Fourth, combining a healthy diet with other lifestyle factors could extend disease-free life expectancies by 8-10 years. While adhering to core principles of healthy diets, it is crucial to adapt dietary recommendations to individual preferences and cultures as well as nutritional needs of aging populations. Public health strategies should aim to create a healthier food environment where nutritious options are readily accessible, especially in public institutions and care facilities for the elderly. Although further mechanistic studies and human trials are needed to better understand molecular effects of diet on aging, there is a pressing need to establish and maintain long-term cohorts studying diet and aging in culturally diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B. Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. USA
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3
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Gumusoglu SB, Kiel MD, Gugel A, Schickling BM, Weaver KR, Lauffer MC, Sullivan HR, Coulter KJ, Blaine BM, Kamal M, Zhang Y, Devor EJ, Santillan DA, Gantz SC, Santillan MK. Anti-angiogenic mechanisms and serotonergic dysfunction in the Rgs2 knockout model for the study of psycho-obstetric risk. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:864-875. [PMID: 37848733 PMCID: PMC10948883 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric and obstetric diseases are growing threats to public health and share high rates of co-morbidity. G protein-coupled receptor signaling (e.g., vasopressin, serotonin) may be a convergent psycho-obstetric risk mechanism. Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) mutations increase risk for both the gestational disease preeclampsia and for depression. We previously found preeclampsia-like, anti-angiogenic obstetric phenotypes with reduced placental Rgs2 expression in mice. Here, we extend this to test whether conserved cerebrovascular and serotonergic mechanisms are also associated with risk for neurobiological phenotypes in the Rgs2 KO mouse. Rgs2 KO exhibited anxiety-, depression-, and hedonic-like behaviors. Cortical vascular density and vessel length decreased in Rgs2 KO; cortical and white matter thickness and cell densities were unchanged. In Rgs2 KO, serotonergic gene expression was sex-specifically changed (e.g., cortical Htr2a, Maoa increased in females but all serotonin targets unchanged or decreased in males); redox-related expression increased in paraventricular nucleus and aorta; and angiogenic gene expression was changed in male but not female cortex. Whole-cell recordings from dorsal raphe serotonin neurons revealed altered 5-HT1A receptor-dependent inhibitory postsynaptic currents (5-HT1A-IPSCs) in female but not male KO neurons. Additionally, serotonin transporter blockade by the SSRI sertraline increased the amplitude and time-to-peak of 5-HT1A-IPSCs in KO neurons to a greater extent than in WT neurons in females only. These results demonstrate behavioral, cerebrovascular, and sertraline hypersensitivity phenotypes in Rgs2 KOs, some of which are sex-specific. Disruptions may be driven by vascular and cell stress mechanisms linking the shared pathogenesis of psychiatric and obstetric disease to reveal future targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena B Gumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Michaela D Kiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Aleigha Gugel
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Brandon M Schickling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Kaylee R Weaver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Marisol C Lauffer
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Neural Circuits and Behavior Core, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Hannah R Sullivan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Kaylie J Coulter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Brianna M Blaine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mushroor Kamal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Donna A Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Stephanie C Gantz
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
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4
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Sullivan BP, Collins BC, McMillin SL, Toussaint E, Stein CZ, Spangenburg EE, Lowe DA. Ablation of skeletal muscle estrogen receptor alpha impairs contractility in male mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:764-773. [PMID: 38328824 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00714.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Estradiol and estrogen receptor α (ERα) have been shown to be important for the maintenance of skeletal muscle strength in females; however, little is known about the roles of estradiol and ERα in male muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle ERα is required for optimal contractility in male mice. We hypothesize that reduced ERα in skeletal muscle impairs contractility in male mice. Skeletal muscle-specific knockout (skmERαKO) male mice exhibited reduced strength across multiple muscles and several contractile parameters related to force generation and kinetics compared with wild-type littermates (skmERαWT). Isolated EDL muscle-specific isometric tetanic force, peak twitch force, peak concentric and peak eccentric forces, as well as the maximal rates of force development and relaxation were 11%-21% lower in skmERαKO compared with skmERαWT mice. In contrast, isolated soleus muscles from skmERαKO mice were not affected. In vivo peak torque of the anterior crural muscles was 20% lower in skmERαKO compared with skmERαWT mice. Muscle masses, contractile protein contents, fiber types, phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain, and caffeine-elicited force did not differ between muscles of skmERαKO and skmERαWT mice, suggesting that strength deficits were not due to size, composition, or calcium release components of muscle contraction. These results indicate that in male mice, reduced skeletal muscle ERα blunts contractility to a magnitude similar to that previously reported in females; however, the mechanism may be sexually dimorphic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We comprehensively measured in vitro and in vivo contractility of leg muscles with reduced estrogen receptor α (ERα) in male mice and reported that force generation and contraction kinetics are impaired. In contrast to findings in females, phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain cannot account for low force production in male skeletal muscle ERα knockout mice. These results indicate that ERα is required for optimal contractility in males and females but via sexually dimorphic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Sullivan
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Brittany C Collins
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Shawna L McMillin
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Elise Toussaint
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Clara Z Stein
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Espen E Spangenburg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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5
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Deshayes TA, Hsouna H, Braham MAA, Arvisais D, Pageaux B, Ouellet C, Jay O, Maso FD, Begon M, Saidi A, Gendron P, Gagnon D. Work-rest regimens for work in hot environments: A scoping review. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:304-320. [PMID: 38345435 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To limit exposures to occupational heat stress, leading occupational health and safety organizations recommend work-rest regimens to prevent core temperature from exceeding 38°C or increasing by ≥1°C. This scoping review aims to map existing knowledge of the effects of work-rest regimens in hot environments and to propose recommendations for future research based on identified gaps. METHODS We performed a search of 10 databases to retrieve studies focused on work-rest regimens under hot conditions. RESULTS Forty-nine articles were included, of which 35 were experimental studies. Most studies were conducted in laboratory settings, in North America (71%), on healthy young adults, with 94% of the 642 participants being males. Most studies (66%) employed a protocol duration ≤240 min (222 ± 162 min, range: 37-660) and the time-weighted average wet-bulb globe temperature was 27 ± 4°C (range: 18-34). The work-rest regimens implemented were those proposed by the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygiene (20%), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (11%), or the Australian Army (3%). The remaining studies (66%) did not mention how the work-rest regimens were derived. Most studies (89%) focused on physical tasks only. Most studies (94%) reported core temperature, whereas only 22% reported physical and/or mental performance outcomes, respectively. Of the 35 experimental studies included, 77% indicated that core temperature exceeded 38°C. CONCLUSIONS Although work-rest regimens are widely used, few studies have investigated their physiological effectiveness. These studies were mainly short in duration, involved mostly healthy young males, and rarely considered the effect of work-rest regimens beyond heat strain during physical exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Deshayes
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mounir A A Braham
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Arvisais
- Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Capucine Ouellet
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ollie Jay
- Heat and Health Research Incubator, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabien D Maso
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mickael Begon
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alireza Saidi
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Gendron
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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6
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Names GR, Grindstaff JL, Westneat DF, Heidinger BJ. Climate change and its effects on body size and shape: the role of endocrine mechanisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220509. [PMID: 38310941 PMCID: PMC10838645 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In many organisms, rapidly changing environmental conditions are inducing dramatic shifts in diverse phenotypic traits with consequences for fitness and population viability. However, the mechanisms that underlie these responses remain poorly understood. Endocrine signalling systems often influence suites of traits and are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions; they are thus ideal candidates for uncovering both plastic and evolved consequences of climate change. Here, we use body size and shape, a set of integrated traits predicted to shift in response to rising temperatures with effects on fitness, and insulin-like growth factor-1 as a case study to explore these ideas. We review what is known about changes in body size and shape in response to rising temperatures and then illustrate why endocrine signalling systems are likely to be critical in mediating these effects. Lastly, we discuss research approaches that will advance understanding of the processes that underlie rapid responses to climate change and the role endocrine systems will have. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in phenotypic responses to climate change will be essential for predicting both the ecological and the long-term evolutionary consequences of a warming climate. This article is part of the theme issue 'Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle R. Names
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1340 Bolley Drive, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Biology Department, California Lutheran University, 60 West Olsen Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360, USA
| | | | - David F. Westneat
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 101 Morgan Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Britt J. Heidinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1340 Bolley Drive, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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7
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Jeremias A, Maehara A, Matsumura M, Shlofmitz RA, Maksoud A, Akasaka T, Bezerra HG, Fearon WF, Samady H, Samuels B, Rapkin J, Gopinath A, Teraphongphom NT, Buccola J, Ali ZA. Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Functional Stenosis Assessment: FUSION-A Prospective Multicenter Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2024:e013702. [PMID: 38525609 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.123.013702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular imaging and intracoronary physiology may both be used to guide and optimize percutaneous coronary intervention; however, they are rarely used together. The virtual flow reserve (VFR) is an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based model of fractional flow reserve (FFR) facilitating the assessment of the physiological significance of coronary lesions. We aimed to validate the VFR assessment of intermediate coronary artery stenoses. METHODS FUSION (Validation of OCT-Based Functional Diagnosis of Coronary Stenosis) was a multicenter, prospective, observational study comparing OCT-derived VFR to invasive FFR. VFR was mathematically derived from a lumped parameter flow model based on 3-dimensional lumen morphology. Patients undergoing coronary angiography with intermediate angiographic stenosis (40%-90%) requiring physiological assessment were enrolled. Investigational sites were blinded to the VFR analysis, and all OCT and FFR data were reviewed by an independent core laboratory. The coprimary end points were the sensitivity and specificity of VFR against FFR as the reference standard, each of which was tested against prespecified performance goals. RESULTS After core laboratory review, 266 vessels in 224 patients from 25 US centers were included in the analysis. The mean angiographic diameter stenosis was 65.5%±14.9%, and the mean FFR was 0.83±0.11. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of VFR versus FFR using a binary cutoff point of 0.80 were 82.0%, 80.4%, and 82.9%, respectively. The 97.5% lower confidence bound met the prespecified performance goal for sensitivity (71.6% versus 70%; P=0.01) and specificity (76.6% versus 75%; P=0.01). The area under the curve was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.92; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS OCT-derived VFR demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for predicting invasive FFR. Integrating high-resolution intravascular imaging with imaging-derived physiology may provide synergistic benefits as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention. REGISTRATION URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04356027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Jeremias
- St. Francis Hospital & Heart Center, Roslyn, NY (A.J., R.A.S., Z.A.A.)
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (A.J., A.M., M.M., Z.A.A.)
| | - Akiko Maehara
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (A.J., A.M., M.M., Z.A.A.)
| | - Mitsuaki Matsumura
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (A.J., A.M., M.M., Z.A.A.)
| | | | - Aziz Maksoud
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Kansas, Wichita (A.M.)
| | | | - Hiram G Bezerra
- Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida, Tampa (H.G.B.)
| | | | - Habib Samady
- Northeast Georgia Medical Center, Gainesville (H.S.)
| | | | - Joshua Rapkin
- Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA (J.R., A.G., N.T.T., J.B.)
| | - Ajay Gopinath
- Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA (J.R., A.G., N.T.T., J.B.)
| | | | - Jana Buccola
- Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA (J.R., A.G., N.T.T., J.B.)
| | - Ziad A Ali
- St. Francis Hospital & Heart Center, Roslyn, NY (A.J., R.A.S., Z.A.A.)
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (A.J., A.M., M.M., Z.A.A.)
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8
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Buonfiglio V, Pertici I, Marcello M, Morotti I, Caremani M, Reconditi M, Linari M, Fanelli D, Lombardi V, Bianco P. Force and kinetics of fast and slow muscle myosin determined with a synthetic sarcomere-like nanomachine. Commun Biol 2024; 7:361. [PMID: 38521889 PMCID: PMC10960843 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosin II is the muscle molecular motor that works in two bipolar arrays in each thick filament of the striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle, converting the chemical energy into steady force and shortening by cyclic ATP-driven interactions with the nearby actin filaments. Different isoforms of the myosin motor in the skeletal muscles account for the different functional requirements of the slow muscles (primarily responsible for the posture) and fast muscles (responsible for voluntary movements). To clarify the molecular basis of the differences, here the isoform-dependent mechanokinetic parameters underpinning the force of slow and fast muscles are defined with a unidimensional synthetic nanomachine powered by pure myosin isoforms from either slow or fast rabbit skeletal muscle. Data fitting with a stochastic model provides a self-consistent estimate of all the mechanokinetic properties of the motor ensemble including the motor force, the fraction of actin-attached motors and the rate of transition through the attachment-detachment cycle. The achievements in this paper set the stage for any future study on the emergent mechanokinetic properties of an ensemble of myosin molecules either engineered or purified from mutant animal models or human biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Pertici
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Matteo Marcello
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Ilaria Morotti
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marco Caremani
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | | | - Marco Linari
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Duccio Fanelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | | | - Pasquale Bianco
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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9
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Hessel AL, Engels NM, Kuehn MN, Nissen D, Sadler RL, Ma W, Irving TC, Linke WA, Harris SP. Myosin-binding protein C regulates the sarcomere lattice and stabilizes the OFF states of myosin heads. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2628. [PMID: 38521794 PMCID: PMC10960836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle contraction is produced via the interaction of myofilaments and is regulated so that muscle performance matches demand. Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a long and flexible protein that is tightly bound to the thick filament at its C-terminal end (MyBP-CC8C10), but may be loosely bound at its middle- and N-terminal end (MyBP-CC1C7) to myosin heads and/or the thin filament. MyBP-C is thought to control muscle contraction via the regulation of myosin motors, as mutations lead to debilitating disease. We use a combination of mechanics and small-angle X-ray diffraction to study the immediate and selective removal of the MyBP-CC1C7 domains of fast MyBP-C in permeabilized skeletal muscle. We show that cleavage leads to alterations in crossbridge kinetics and passive structural signatures of myofilaments that are indicative of a shift of myosin heads towards the ON state, highlighting the importance of MyBP-CC1C7 to myofilament force production and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Hessel
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies Consultants, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nichlas M Engels
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michel N Kuehn
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies Consultants, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devin Nissen
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel L Sadler
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas C Irving
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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10
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Mizutani K, Kobayashi T, Senoo I, Shimizu M, Okayasu H. Importance of modifiable non-radiographic functional parameters for adult spinal deformity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6885. [PMID: 38519516 PMCID: PMC10959934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We clarified non-radiographic physical parameters associated with the severity of adult spinal deformity (ASD) using community-dwelling adult volunteers. They were subjected to upright entire spine radiographs for standard radiographic parameters and the number of sagittal modifiers of SRS-Schwab ASD classification (Schwab-SM). Clinical evaluations included isometric muscle strength of trunk extensor (TEX), trunk flexor (TFL), quadriceps femoris (QF), gluteus maximus, and iliopsoas; range of motion (ROM) of hip, knee, ankle, and active back extension (BET); SF36 physical component score (PCS), VAS for back and knee pain, and the degree of ambulatory kyphosis (dTIA). Each muscle strength was calibrated by body weight (BW) and expressed as BW ratio. According to our previous study, dTIA ≥ 7.6° was defined as pathological and dTIA ≤ 3.5° as normal. A final total of 409 female volunteers were included, and their demographics were; age 67.0 ± 5.5 years, Schwab-SM 2.1 ± 1.8, TEX 0.90 ± 0.33BW, TFL 0.48 ± 0.15BW, QF 0.45 ± 0.19BW, PCS 33.5 ± 6.5. Subjects were classified as clinical ASD group (cASD, n = 10) with PCS ≤ 27(mean-1SD) and pathological dTIA, robust group (n = 19) with PCS ≥ 40 (mean + 1SD) and normal dTIA, and the rest (non-cASD, n = 338). Statistical analyses showed significant differences in TEX, TFL, QF, knee extension (KEX), and BET between robust and cASD, and the mean values of robust group (TEX ≥ 1.1BW, TFL ≥ 0.5BW, QF ≥ 0.5BW, KEX ≥ 0° and BET ≥ 14 cm) were used as 'ASD-MJ' index. Subjects with fully achieving ASD-MJ goals showed significantly better radiographic and clinical outcomes than those with unmet goals. In conclusion, upon prescribing conservative or physical therapies for ASD patients, modifiable clinical goals should be clarified, and ASD-MJ could be a benchmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozaburo Mizutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1E Midorigaoka, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1E Midorigaoka, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Issei Senoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1E Midorigaoka, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Mutsuya Shimizu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1E Midorigaoka, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okayasu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1E Midorigaoka, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
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11
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Beydoun HA, Beydoun MA, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Saquib N, Manson JE, Snetselaar L, Weiss J, Zonderman AB, Brunner R. Depressive symptoms and antidepressant use in relation to white blood cell count among postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:157. [PMID: 38514652 PMCID: PMC10958010 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can play a role in the pathophysiology of depression, and specific types of antidepressants may have inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, depression and antidepressant use has been linked to white blood cell (WBC) count, a routinely measured inflammatory marker. We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships of depressive symptoms and/or antidepressant use with WBC count among postmenopausal women. Analyses of cross-sectional data at enrollment were performed on 125,307 participants, 50-79 years of age, from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Studies who met eligibility criteria, and a subset of those with 3-year follow-up data were examined for longitudinal relationships. Depressive symptoms were defined using the Burnam Algorithm whereas antidepressant use was defined using therapeutic class codes. WBC count (Kcell/ml) was obtained through laboratory evaluations of fasting blood samples. Multivariable regression modeling was performed taking sociodemographic, lifestyle and health characteristics into consideration. At enrollment, nearly 85% were non-users of antidepressants with no depressive symptoms, 5% were antidepressant users with no depressive symptoms, 9% were non-users of antidepressants with depressive symptoms, and 2% were users of antidepressants with depressive symptoms. In fully-adjusted models, cross-sectional relationships were observed whereby women in the 2nd (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13), 3rd (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) or 4th (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) quartiles of WBC count were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms, and women in the 4th quartile were more likely to be users of antidepressants (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.15), compared to women in the 1st quartile. Compared to women who exhibited no depressive symptoms at either visit, those with consistent depressive symptoms at enrollment and at 3-year follow-up had faster decline in WBC count (β = -0.73, 95% CI: -1.33, -0.14) over time. No significant bidirectional relationships were observed between changes in depressive symptoms score and WBC count over time. In conclusion, depressive symptoms and/or antidepressant use were cross-sectionally related to higher WBC counts among postmenopausal women. Further evaluation of observed relationships is needed in the context of prospective cohort studies involving older adult men and women, with repeated measures of depression, antidepressant use, and WBC count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA.
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Department of Demography, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Brunner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine (Emeritus), School of Medicine, University of Nevada (Reno), Reno, NV, USA
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12
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Mazur MD, Hamner JW, Anand AN, Taylor JA. Cardiorespiratory Effects of Yogic Versus Slow Breathing in Individuals with a Spinal Cord Injury: An Exploratory Cohort Study. J Integr Complement Med 2024. [PMID: 38507692 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background: An intricate physiological and pathophysiological connection exists between the heart and lungs, which is especially important in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). While an exercise intervention may seem the best approach to leverage this relationship, the prior work has shown that, despite numerous health benefits, regular exercise training does not improve cardiorespiratory control in individuals with SCI. Breath training presents an alternative intervention that is uniquely accessible, with yogic breathing directly engaging linked fluctuations in respiration and cardiovascular control. In addition, there is evidence across a range of populations that regular yogic breathing reduces cardiovascular disease risk. It is possible that the chronic decrease in breathing frequency associated with regular yogic breathing, rather than the specific yogic breathing techniques themselves, is the primary contributor to the observed risk reduction. Methods: Therefore, in 12 individuals with traumatic SCI from C4 to T8, the authors compared Unpaced and conventional 0.083 Hz (Slow) paced breathing with various yogic breathing techniques including: (1) inspiratory-expiratory breath holds (i.e., Kumbhaka or "Box Breathing"), (2) extended exhalation (1:2 duty cycle), and (3) expiratory resistance via throat constriction (i.e., Ujjayi). Beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure were measured as well as end-tidal CO2 and O2 saturation were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc pairwise t tests corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: As expected, all slow breathing patterns markedly increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) compared with Unpaced in all (n = 12) individuals. More importantly, Ujjayi breathing appeared to improve ventilatory efficiency over Unpaced breathing in individuals with SCI by increasing O2 saturation (97.6% vs. 96.1%; p = 0.042) and tended to decrease end-tidal CO2 (32 mmHg vs. 35 mmHg; p = 0.08). While other slow breathing patterns demonstrated similar effects, only Ujjayi improved RSA while increasing heart rate and improving ventilatory efficiency. Conclusions: Hence, slow breathing per se can result in important cardiorespiratory changes, but the yogic breathing practice of Ujjayi, with glottic throat resistance, may hold the greatest promise for improving cardiorespiratory control in individuals with SCI (CTR ID No. NCT05480618).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D Mazur
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Spaulding Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason W Hamner
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Spaulding Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amit N Anand
- St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton, MA, USA
| | - J Andrew Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Spaulding Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Wolf ME, Lalande AT, Newman BL, Bleem AC, Palumbo CT, Beckham GT, Eltis LD. The catabolism of lignin-derived p-methoxylated aromatic compounds by Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0215523. [PMID: 38380926 PMCID: PMC10952524 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02155-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Emergent strategies to valorize lignin, an abundant but underutilized aromatic biopolymer, include tandem processes that integrate chemical depolymerization and biological catalysis. To date, aromatic monomers from C-O bond cleavage of lignin have been converted to bioproducts, but the presence of recalcitrant C-C bonds in lignin limits the product yield. A promising chemocatalytic strategy that overcomes this limitation involves phenol methyl protection and autoxidation. Incorporating this into a tandem process requires microbial cell factories able to transform the p-methoxylated products in the resulting methylated lignin stream. In this study, we assessed the ability of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 to catabolize the major aromatic products in a methylated lignin stream and elucidated the pathways responsible for this catabolism. RHA1 grew on a methylated pine lignin stream, catabolizing the major aromatic monomers: p-methoxybenzoate (p-MBA), veratrate, and veratraldehyde. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that a cytochrome P450, PbdA, and its cognate reductase, PbdB, are involved in p-MBA catabolism. Gene deletion studies established that both pbdA and pbdB are essential for growth on p-MBA and several derivatives. Furthermore, a deletion mutant of a candidate p-hydroxybenzoate (p-HBA) hydroxylase, ΔpobA, did not grow on p-HBA. Veratraldehyde and veratrate catabolism required both vanillin dehydrogenase (Vdh) and vanillate O-demethylase (VanAB), revealing previously unknown roles of these enzymes. Finally, a ΔpcaL strain grew on neither p-MBA nor veratrate, indicating they are catabolized through the β-ketoadipate pathway. This study expands our understanding of the bacterial catabolism of aromatic compounds and facilitates the development of biocatalysts for lignin valorization.IMPORTANCELignin, an abundant aromatic polymer found in plant biomass, is a promising renewable replacement for fossil fuels as a feedstock for the chemical industry. Strategies for upgrading lignin include processes that couple the catalytic fractionation of biomass and biocatalytic transformation of the resulting aromatic compounds with a microbial cell factory. Engineering microbial cell factories for this biocatalysis requires characterization of bacterial pathways involved in catabolizing lignin-derived aromatic compounds. This study identifies new pathways for lignin-derived aromatic degradation in Rhodococcus, a genus of bacteria well suited for biocatalysis. Additionally, we describe previously unknown activities of characterized enzymes on lignin-derived compounds, expanding their utility. This work advances the development of strategies to replace fossil fuel-based feedstocks with sustainable alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Wolf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anne T. Lalande
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brianne L. Newman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alissa C. Bleem
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Chad T. Palumbo
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Lindsay D. Eltis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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Tyrell FA, Wang YS, Eboigbe LI, Skeeter BD. A multisystem model for understanding stress and adaptation in ethnically and racially diverse youth. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38506061 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary biological and contextually based theoretical frameworks have conceptualized how stress exposure may influence adaptation in youth. However, nearly all of this scholarship neglects the role of specific contextual features and/or biological processes that are involved in ethnic-racial minority youth's responses and adaptation to sociocultural stressors. Drawing on the theoretical principles of the developmental psychopathology framework and contemporary models of stress and adaptation, this article proposes a new multisystem model that explains how multiple levels and systems within and outside of individual youth influence their sociocultural adaptation. We provide empirical evidence to support components of this multisystem model. We propose that research based on our new theoretical framework will capture the sociocultural experiences of ethnic-racial minority youth by centering processes that are relevant to their lived experiences, coping, and adjustment. In doing so, this model will inform psychosocial interventions focused on promoting healthy adaptation among ethnic and racial diverse youth. Finally, we offer recommendations to guide future research on stress and adaptation among ethnic and racial diverse youth, in particular, and developmental psychopathology more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanita A Tyrell
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yuqi S Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Loretta I Eboigbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bailey D Skeeter
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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15
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Lim KYT, Nguyen Thien MT, Nguyen Duc MA, Posada-Quintero HF. Application of DIY Electrodermal Activity Wristband in Detecting Stress and Affective Responses of Students. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:291. [PMID: 38534565 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the analysis of electrodermal activity (EDA) in the context of students' scholastic activity. Taking a multidisciplinary, citizen science and maker-centric approach, low-cost, bespoken wearables, such as a mini weather station and biometric wristband, were built. To investigate both physical health as well as stress, the instruments were first validated against research grade devices. Following this, a research experiment was created and conducted in the context of students' scholastic activity. Data from this experiment were used to train machine learning models, which were then applied to interpret the relationships between the environment, health, and stress. It is hoped that analyses of EDA data will further strengthen the emerging model describing the intersections between local microclimate and physiological and neurological stress. The results suggest that temperature and air quality play an important role in students' physiological well-being, thus demonstrating the feasibility of understanding the extent of the effects of various microclimatic factors. This highlights the importance of thermal comfort and air ventilation in real-life applications to improve students' well-being. We envision our work making a significant impact by showcasing the effectiveness and feasibility of inexpensive, self-designed wearable devices for tracking microclimate and electrodermal activity (EDA). The affordability of these wearables holds promising implications for scalability and encourages crowd-sourced citizen science in the relatively unexplored domain of microclimate's influence on well-being. Embracing citizen science can then democratize learning and expedite rapid research advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Y T Lim
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
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16
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Brooks H, Wang W, Zomorrodi R, Blumberger DM, Bowie CR, Daskalakis ZJ, Fischer CE, Flint AJ, Herrmann N, Kumar S, Lanctôt KL, Mah L, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Voineskos AN, Rajji TK. Cognitive function based on theta-gamma coupling vs. clinical diagnosis in older adults with mild cognitive impairment with or without major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:153. [PMID: 38503740 PMCID: PMC10951346 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Whether individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) are at a higher risk for cognitive decline than those with MCI alone is still not clear. Previous work suggests that a reduction in prefrontal cortical theta phase-gamma amplitude coupling (TGC) is an early marker of cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether using a TGC cutoff is better at separating individuals with MCI or MCI with remitted MDD (MCI+rMDD) on cognitive performance than their clinical diagnosis. Our hypothesis was that global cognition would differ more between TGC-based groups than diagnostic groups. We analyzed data from 128 MCI (mean age: 71.8, SD: 7.3) and 85 MCI+rMDD (mean age: 70.9, SD: 4.7) participants. Participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery; TGC was measured during the N-back task. An optimal TGC cutoff was determined during the performance of the 2-back. This TGC cutoff was used to classify participants into low vs. high-TGC groups. We then compared Cohen's d of the difference in global cognition between the high and low TGC groups to Cohen's d between the MCI and MCI+rMDD groups. We used bootstrapping to determine 95% confidence intervals for Cohen's d values using the whole sample. As hypothesized, Cohen's d for the difference in global cognition between the TGC groups was larger (0.64 [0.32, 0.88]) than between the diagnostic groups (0.10 [0.004, 0.37]) with a difference between these two Cohen's d's of 0.54 [0.10, 0.80]. Our findings suggest that TGC is a useful marker to identify individuals at high risk for cognitive decline, beyond clinical diagnosis. This could be due to TGC being a sensitive marker of prefrontal cortical dysfunction that would lead to an accelerated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Brooks
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Zomorrodi
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher R Bowie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alastair J Flint
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Mah
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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17
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Baum BS, Man C. Race and geography impact validity of maximum allowable standing height equations for para-athletes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6551. [PMID: 38504109 PMCID: PMC10951375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
World Athletics use maximum allowable standing height (MASH) equations for para-athletes with bilateral lower extremity amputations to estimate stature and limit prosthesis length since longer prostheses can provide running performance advantages. The equations were developed using a white Spanish population; however, validation for other races and geographical groups is limited. This study aimed to determine the validity of the MASH equations for Black and white Americans and whether bias errors between calculated and measured stature were similar between these populations. Sitting height, thigh length, upper arm length, forearm length, and arm span of 1899 male and 1127 female Black and white Americans from the Anthropometric Survey of US Army Personnel database were input into the 6 sex-specific MASH equations to enable comparisons of calculated and measured statures within and between Black and white groups. Two of 12 MASH equations validly calculated stature for Black Americans and 3 of 12 equations were valid for white Americans. Bias errors indicated greater underestimation or lesser overestimation of calculated statures in 10 equations for Black compared to white Americans and in 2 equations for white compared to Black Americans. This study illustrates that race and geography impact the validity of MASH equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Baum
- , Cambridge, USA.
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
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18
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Andrique C, Bonnet AL, Dang J, Lesieur J, Krautzberger AM, Baroukh B, Torrens C, Sadoine J, Schmitt A, Rochefort GY, Bardet C, Six I, Houillier P, Tharaux PL, Schrewe H, Gaucher C, Chaussain C. Vasorin as an actor of bone turnover? J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38504496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Bone diseases are increasing with aging populations and it is important to identify clues to develop innovative treatments. Vasn, which encodes vasorin (Vasn), a transmembrane protein involved in the pathophysiology of several organs, is expressed during the development in intramembranous and endochondral ossification zones. Here, we studied the impact of Vasn deletion on the osteoblast and osteoclast dialog through a cell Coculture model. In addition, we explored the bone phenotype of Vasn KO mice, either constitutive or tamoxifen-inducible, or with an osteoclast-specific deletion. First, we show that both osteoblasts and osteoclasts express Vasn. Second, we report that, in both KO mouse models but not in osteoclast-targeted KO mice, Vasn deficiency was associated with an osteopenic bone phenotype, due to an imbalance in favor of osteoclastic resorption. Finally, through the Coculture experiments, we identify a dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway together with an increase in RANKL release by osteoblasts, which led to an enhanced osteoclast activity. This study unravels a direct role of Vasn in bone turnover, introducing a new biomarker or potential therapeutic target for bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Laure Bonnet
- Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- AP-HP, Services de médecine bucco-dentaire: GH Nord - Université Paris Cité, GH Sorbonne Université, GH Henri Mondor, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dang
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre - PARCC, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - A Michaela Krautzberger
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alain Schmitt
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Six
- URP 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Explorations fonctionnelles rénales, Physiologie, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre - PARCC, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Heinrich Schrewe
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Celine Gaucher
- Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- AP-HP, Services de médecine bucco-dentaire: GH Nord - Université Paris Cité, GH Sorbonne Université, GH Henri Mondor, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- AP-HP, Services de médecine bucco-dentaire: GH Nord - Université Paris Cité, GH Sorbonne Université, GH Henri Mondor, Paris, France
- APHP, Centre de reference des maladies rares du phosphate et du calcium (filière OSCAR, ERN BOND), Hôpital Bretonneau, Paris, France
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19
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Kameyama H, Sugimoto K, Kodaka F, Okuno K, Masaki T, Nukariya K, Shigeta M. Association between the early repolarization pattern and nocturnal suicide attempts. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024. [PMID: 38494338 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Numerous recent reports have highlighted the association between mental disorders and electrocardiographic findings. The early repolarization pattern (ERP) on electrocardiogram has been linked with a history of suicide attempts and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and associations with impulsivity have also been reported. It is known that suicidal intent is more common at night. Patients who have a mental disorder and ERP may have a higher likelihood of impulsivity, potentially increasing the risk of suicide at night. METHODS The subjects were 43 patients with a history of suicide attempts who had undergone electrocardiographic examination at Jikei University School of Medicine Kashiwa Hospital and received intervention from our department. Due to the diurnal variation in electrocardiographic findings, only patients who underwent the examination during the daytime were included. Patients' clinical backgrounds were compared according to the presence or absence of ERP, and the association between nocturnal suicide attempts and ERP was examined using multivariate analysis. RESULTS The frequency of nocturnal suicidal behavior was 76.2% in patients with ERP and 31.8% in those without ERP, but the difference was not significant after Bonferroni correction. In the multivariate analysis, there was a significant association of ERP with nocturnal suicide attempts (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION The finding of an association between ERP and nocturnal suicide attempts indicates that ERP is a biological indicator that can predict nocturnal suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kameyama
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sugimoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Kodaka
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Okuno
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nukariya
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shigeta
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Delpero M, Korkuć P, Arends D, Brockmann GA, Hesse D. Identification of additional body weight QTLs in the Berlin Fat Mouse BFMI861 lines using time series data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6159. [PMID: 38486030 PMCID: PMC10940635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) is a model for obesity and metabolic syndrome. The sublines BFMI861-S1 and BFMI861-S2 differ in weight despite high genetic similarity and a shared obesity-related locus. This study focused on identifying additional body weight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by analyzing weekly weight measurements in a male population of the advanced intercross line BFMI861-S1 x BFMI861-S2. QTL analysis, utilizing 200 selectively genotyped mice (GigaMUGA) and 197 males genotyped for top SNPs, revealed a genome-wide significant QTL on Chr 15 (68.46 to 81.40 Mb) for body weight between weeks 9 to 20. Notably, this QTL disappeared (weeks 21 to 23) and reappeared (weeks 24 and 25) coinciding with a diet change. Additionally, a significant body weight QTL on Chr 16 (3.89 to 22.79 Mb) was identified from weeks 6 to 25. Candidate genes, including Gpt, Cbx6, Apol6, Apol8, Sun2 (Chr 15) and Trap1, Rrn3, Mapk1 (Chr 16), were prioritized. This study unveiled two additional body weight QTLs, one of which is novel and responsive to diet changes. These findings illuminate genomic regions influencing weight in BFMI and emphasize the utility of time series data in uncovering novel genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delpero
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Korkuć
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danny Arends
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gudrun A Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deike Hesse
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Darrau E, Jacquemet E, Pons S, Schlick L, Zouridakis M, Wu CL, Richard JR, Barau C, Le Corvoisier P, Yolken R, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Maskos U. Serum autoantibodies against α7-nicotinic receptors in subgroups of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia: clinical features and link with peripheral inflammation. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:146. [PMID: 38485715 PMCID: PMC10940727 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that autoantibodies (AAbs) against proteins expressed in the brain are playing an important role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we explore the presence and the role of peripheral AAbs to the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in inflammatory subgroups of psychiatric patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCZ) and healthy controls. We have identified a continuum of AAb levels in serum when employing a novel ELISA technique, with a significant elevation in patients compared to controls. Using unsupervised two-step clustering to stratify all the subjects according to their immuno-inflammatory background, we delineate one subgroup consisting solely of psychiatric patients with severe symptoms, high inflammatory profile, and significantly increased levels of anti-nAChR AAbs. In this context, we have used monoclonal mouse anti-human α7-nAChR antibodies (α7-nAChR-mAbs) and shown that TNF-α release was enhanced upon LPS stimulation in macrophages pre-incubated with α7-nAChR-mAbs compared to the use of an isotype control. These findings provide a basis for further study of circulating nicotinic AAbs, and the inflammatory profile observed in patients with major mood and psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Darrau
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, Créteil, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Elise Jacquemet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Laurène Schlick
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Marios Zouridakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Ching-Lien Wu
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Creteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Creteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France
| | - Caroline Barau
- Plateforme de ressources biologiques, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Creteil, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Le Corvoisier
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Creteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, Créteil, France.
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Creteil, France.
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France.
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France.
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22
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Wang XJ, Li Q, Ye ZX, Huang HJ. A pipeline contributes to efficient identification of salivary proteins in short-headed planthopper, Epeurysa nawaii. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6225. [PMID: 38486094 PMCID: PMC10940699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Saliva, an oral secretion primarily originating from salivary glands (SGs), exert critical roles in the ongoing evolutionary interaction between insects and plants. However, identifying insect salivary components poses challenges due to the tiny size of insects, low secretion amounts, and the propensity for degradation after secretion. In this study, we developed a transcriptome-based approach to comprehensively analyze the salivary proteins of the short-headed planthopper, Epeurysa nawaii, a species with unique feeding habits on bamboo. A total of 165 salivary proteins were identified, with 114 secretory genes highly and specifically expressed in SGs. Consistent with most phloem-feeding insects, digestive enzymes, calcium-binding proteins, oxidoreductases, and a few previously reported salivary effectors were ubiquitously distributed in E. nawaii saliva. However, we also identified a substantial portion of salivary proteins exhibiting taxonomy specificity, including 60 E. nawaii-specific and 62 Delphacidae-specific proteins. These taxonomy-restricted proteins potentially play a role in insect adaptation to specific host plants. Our study provides an efficient pipeline for salivary protein identification and serves as a valuable resource for the functional characterization of effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Service, Technology Center of Wuhan Customs District, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang-Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Service, Technology Center of Wuhan Customs District, Wuhan, China.
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23
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Sánchez CA, Phelps KL, Frank HK, Geldenhuys M, Griffiths ME, Jones DN, Kettenburg G, Lunn TJ, Moreno KR, Mortlock M, Vicente-Santos A, Víquez-R LR, Kading RC, Markotter W, Reeder DM, Olival KJ. Advances in understanding bat infection dynamics across biological scales. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232823. [PMID: 38444339 PMCID: PMC10915549 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, research on bat-associated microbes such as viruses, bacteria and fungi has dramatically increased. Here, we synthesize themes from a conference symposium focused on advances in the research of bats and their microbes, including physiological, immunological, ecological and epidemiological research that has improved our understanding of bat infection dynamics at multiple biological scales. We first present metrics for measuring individual bat responses to infection and challenges associated with using these metrics. We next discuss infection dynamics within bat populations of the same species, before introducing complexities that arise in multi-species communities of bats, humans and/or livestock. Finally, we outline critical gaps and opportunities for future interdisciplinary work on topics involving bats and their microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah K. Frank
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Marike Geldenhuys
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Devin N. Jones
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Tamika J. Lunn
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelsey R. Moreno
- Department of Psychology, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, IL 60655, USA
| | - Marinda Mortlock
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Luis R. Víquez-R
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Rebekah C. Kading
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center for Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - DeeAnn M. Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
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24
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Liu S, Ezran C, Wang MFZ, Li Z, Awayan K, Long JZ, De Vlaminck I, Wang S, Epelbaum J, Kuo CS, Terrien J, Krasnow MA, Ferrell JE. An organism-wide atlas of hormonal signaling based on the mouse lemur single-cell transcriptome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2188. [PMID: 38467625 PMCID: PMC10928088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hormones mediate long-range cell communication and play vital roles in physiology, metabolism, and health. Traditionally, endocrinologists have focused on one hormone or organ system at a time. Yet, hormone signaling by its very nature connects cells of different organs and involves crosstalk of different hormones. Here, we leverage the organism-wide single cell transcriptional atlas of a non-human primate, the mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), to systematically map source and target cells for 84 classes of hormones. This work uncovers previously-uncharacterized sites of hormone regulation, and shows that the hormonal signaling network is densely connected, decentralized, and rich in feedback loops. Evolutionary comparisons of hormonal genes and their expression patterns show that mouse lemur better models human hormonal signaling than mouse, at both the genomic and transcriptomic levels, and reveal primate-specific rewiring of hormone-producing/target cells. This work complements the scale and resolution of classical endocrine studies and sheds light on primate hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Camille Ezran
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Z Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhengda Li
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Awayan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution (MECADEV), UMR 7179, National Center for Scientific Research, National Museum of Natural History, Brunoy, France
| | - Christin S Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jérémy Terrien
- Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution (MECADEV), UMR 7179, National Center for Scientific Research, National Museum of Natural History, Brunoy, France
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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25
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Abdel-Wahhab KG, Elqattan GM, El-Sahra DG, Hassan LK, Sayed RS, Mannaa FA. Immuno-antioxidative reno-modulatory effectiveness of Echinacea purpurea extract against bifenthrin-induced renal poisoning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5892. [PMID: 38467789 PMCID: PMC10928203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemical detoxifying activities of Echinacea purpurea ethanolic extract (EEE) against bifenthrin-induced renal injury. Adult male albino rats (160-200 g) were divided into four groups (10 rats each) and orally treated for 30 days as follows: (1) normal control; (2) healthy animals were treated with EEE (465 mg/kg/day) dissolved in water; (3) healthy animals were given bifenthrin (7 mg/kg/day) dissolved in olive oil; (4) animals were orally administered with EEE 1-h prior bifenthrin intoxication. The obtained results revealed that administration of the animals with bifenthrin caused significant elevations of serum values of urea, creatinine, ALAT and ASAT, as well as renal inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α & IFN-γ), apoptotic (Caspase-3) and oxidative stress (MDA and NO) markers coupled with a marked drop in the values of renal antioxidant markers (GSH, GPx, and SOD) in compare to those of normal control. Administration of EEE prior to bifenthrin resulted in a considerable amelioration of the mentioned deteriorated parameters near to that of control; moreover, the extract markedly improved the histological architecture of the kidney. In conclusion, Echinacea purpurea ethanolic extract has promising ameliorative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, renoprotective, and detoxifying efficiencies against bifenthrin-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada M Elqattan
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Doaa G El-Sahra
- Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila K Hassan
- Dairy Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab S Sayed
- Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fathia A Mannaa
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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26
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Santos A, Motta-Ribeiro GC, de Prost N, Tucci MR, Wellman TJ, Vidal Melo MF, Winkler T. Regional pulmonary perfusion, blood volume, and their relationship change in experimental early ARDS. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5832. [PMID: 38461172 PMCID: PMC10925058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Regional pulmonary perfusion (Q) has been investigated using blood volume (Fb) imaging as an easier-to-measure surrogate. However, it is unclear if changing pulmonary conditions could affect their relationship. We hypothesized that vascular changes in early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) affect Q and Fb differently. Five sheep were anesthetized and received lung protective mechanical ventilation for 20 h while endotoxin was continuously infused. Using dynamic 18F-FDG and 13NN Positron Emission Tomography (PET), regional Fb and Q were analysed in 30 regions of interest (ROIs) and normalized by tissue content (Fbn and Qn, respectively). After 20 h, the lung injury showed characteristics of early ARDS, including gas exchange and lung mechanics. PET images of Fbn and Qn showed substantial differences between baseline and lung injury. Lung injury caused a significant change in the Fbn-Qn relationship compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The best models at baseline and lung injury were Fbn = 0.32 + 0.690Qn and Fbn = 1.684Qn-0.538Qn2, respectively. Endotoxine-associated early ARDS changed the relationship between Fb and Q, shifting from linear to curvilinear. Effects of endotoxin exposure on the vasoactive blood flow regulation were most likely the key factor for this change limiting the quantitative accuracy of Fb imaging as a surrogate for regional Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Santos
- Intensive Care Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades respiratorias CIBERES ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel C Motta-Ribeiro
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicolas de Prost
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Mauro R Tucci
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisao de Pneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital Das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tyler J Wellman
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- GE Healthcare, Ultrasound Digital Solutions, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Marcos F Vidal Melo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th St., PH 5-505, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tilo Winkler
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Curry T, Barrameda ME, Thomas TC, Esfandiarei M. In vivo phenotypic vascular dysfunction extends beyond the aorta in a mouse model for fibrillin-1 (Fbn1) mutation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5779. [PMID: 38461168 PMCID: PMC10924961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In individuals with Marfan Syndrome (MFS), fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) mutations can lead to vascular wall weakening and dysfunction. The experimental mouse model of MFS (Fbn1C1041G/+) has been advantageous in investigating MFS-associated life-threatening aortic aneurysms. It is well established that the MFS mouse model exhibits an accelerated-aging phenotype in elastic organs like the aorta, lung, and skin. However, the impact of Fbn1 mutations on the in vivo function and structure of various artery types with the consideration of sex and age, has not been adequately explored in real-time and a clinically relevant context. In this study, we investigate if Fbn1 mutation contributes to sex-dependent alterations in central and cerebral vascular function similar to phenotypic changes associated with normal aging in healthy control mice. In vivo ultrasound imaging of central and cerebral vasculature was performed in 6-month-old male and female MFS and C57BL/6 mice and sex-matched 12-month-old (middle-aged) healthy control mice. Our findings confirm aortic enlargement (aneurysm) and wall stiffness in MFS mice, but with exacerbation in male diameters. Coronary artery blood flow velocity (BFV) in diastole was not different but left pulmonary artery BFV was decreased in MFS and 12-month-old control mice regardless of sex. At 6 months of age, MFS male mice show decreased posterior cerebral artery BFV as compared to age-matched control males, with no difference observed between female cohorts. Reduced mitral valve early-filling velocities were indicated in MFS mice regardless of sex. Male MFS mice also demonstrated left ventricular hypertrophy. Overall, these results underscore the significance of biological sex in vascular function and structure in MFS mice, while highlighting a trend of pre-mature vascular aging phenotype in MFS mice that is comparable to phenotypes observed in older healthy controls. Furthermore, this research is a vital step in understanding MFS's broader implications and sets the stage for more in-depth future analyses, while providing data-driven preclinical justification for re-evaluating diagnostic approaches and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Curry
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M E Barrameda
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - T Currier Thomas
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - M Esfandiarei
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Diehl N, Li H, Scheschonk L, Burgunter-Delamare B, Niedzwiedz S, Forbord S, Sæther M, Bischof K, Monteiro C. The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima I: recent advances in a changing climate. Ann Bot 2024; 133:183-212. [PMID: 38109285 PMCID: PMC10921839 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima is a Laminariales species widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Its physiology and ecology have been studied since the 1960s, given its ecological relevance on western temperate coasts. However, research interest has been rising recently, driven mainly by reports of negative impacts of anthropogenically induced environmental change and by the increased commercial interest in cultivating the species, with several industrial applications for the resulting biomass. SCOPE We used a variety of sources published between 2009 to May 2023 (but including some earlier literature where required), to provide a comprehensive review of the ecology, physiology, biochemical and molecular biology of S. latissima. In so doing we aimed to better understand the species' response to stressors in natural communities, but also inform the sustainable cultivation of the species. CONCLUSION Due to its wide distribution, S. latissima has developed a variety of physiological and biochemical mechanisms to adjust to environmental changes, including adjustments in photosynthetic parameters, modulation of osmolytes and antioxidants, reprogramming of gene expression and epigenetic modifications, among others summarized in this review. This is particularly important because massive changes in the abundance and distribution of S. latissima have already been observed. Namely, presence and abundance of S. latissima has significantly decreased at the rear edges on both sides of the Atlantic, and increased in abundance at the polar regions. These changes were mainly caused by climate change and will therefore be increasingly evident in the future. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics have clarified the existence of genetic differentiation along its distributional range with implications in the fitness at some locations. The complex biotic and abiotic interactions unraveled here demonstrated the cascading effects the disappearance of a kelp forest can have in a marine ecosystem. We show how S. latissima is an excellent model to study acclimation and adaptation to environmental variability and how to predict future distribution and persistence under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Diehl
- Marine Botany, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Huiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | | | - Bertille Burgunter-Delamare
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sarina Niedzwiedz
- Marine Botany, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Silje Forbord
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean AS, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maren Sæther
- Seaweed Solutions AS, Bynesveien 50C, 7018 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kai Bischof
- Marine Botany, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Catia Monteiro
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources – InBIO Associate Laboratory, Campus of Vairão, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus of Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
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Bushell D, Tan JKH, Smith J, Moro C. The identification of diurnal variations on circulating immune cells by finger prick blood sampling in small sample sizes: a pilot study. Lab Med 2024; 55:220-226. [PMID: 37478465 PMCID: PMC10920974 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are well-described impacts of biological rhythms on human physiology. With the increasing push for routine blood tests for preventative medical care and clinical and physiological research, optimizing effectiveness is paramount. This study aimed to determine whether it is feasible to assess diurnal variations of peripheral lymphocyte prevalence using finger prick blood in a small sample size. METHODS Using polychromatic flow cytometry, the prevalence of lymphocytes was assessed using 25 µL fingertip blood samples at 8 AM and 5 PM from 8 participants. RESULTS TH cells and B cells showed significantly higher percentages in the 5 PM samples, whereas NK cells demonstrated a significantly higher morning percentage. T cells, leukocytes, and cytotoxic T cells showed no significant changes. CONCLUSION The detection of diurnal variations demonstrates that small blood volumes can be used to detect lymphocyte variations. The lower blood volume required provides a new testing method for clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Bushell
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Smith
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Christian Moro
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
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Chukwuemeka UM, Benjamin CP, Uchenwoke CI, Okonkwo UP, Anakor AC, Ede SS, Fabunmi AA, Amaechi IA, Akobundu UN. Impact of squatting on selected cardiovascular parameters among college students. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5669. [PMID: 38454093 PMCID: PMC10920734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Squatting is an active posture test used in assessing baroreflex sensitivity, and the array of patients a physiotherapist handles may benefit from this test to avoid the adverse effects of exercise. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the effect of squatting on heart rate and blood pressure among undergraduate students. 35 males (mean age = 22.94 ± 1.846) and 40 females (mean age = 22.28 ± 2.075) participated in this experimental study. Demographic data and baseline cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) were taken before exercise. The exercise protocol, the squatting stress test, was done for 2 min, after which post-exercise blood pressure and heart rate were taken at one minute each. A repeated measure ANOVA and independent t-test were used to analyse the difference at the 0.05 alpha level. It was found that there was a significant difference between pre-exercise in lying and squatting post-exercise blood pressure and heart rate in the first and second minutes (p < 0.01), pre-exercise in lying and standing post-exercise blood pressure and heart rate in the first and second minutes (p < 0.01), pre-exercise in standing and standing post-exercise blood pressure and heart rate in the first and second minutes (p < 0.01), and pre-exercise in standing and squatting post-exercise blood pressure and heart rate in the first and second minutes (p < 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference in pre-exercise heart rate between lying and standing (p < 0.05) and not between the first minute and second minute post-squatting or standing exercise systolic blood pressure (p = 0.588) or diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.22-1). In conclusion, squatting trials among undergraduates revealed some statistically significant changes, especially between the cardiopulmonary parameters obtained in a standing position compared to lying and those measured after one minute. Therefore, caution should be observed when administering exercises that require changes in posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu M Chukwuemeka
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
| | - Chimdindu P Benjamin
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie I Uchenwoke
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna P Okonkwo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony C Anakor
- Department of Physiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen S Ede
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- School of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Ayodeji A Fabunmi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma A Amaechi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Uzoamaka N Akobundu
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Ralph-Nearman C, Osborn KD, Chang RS, Barber KE. Momentary physiological indices related to eating disorders: A systematic and methodological review. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024. [PMID: 38446505 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric illnesses, with no everyday support to intervene on the high rates of relapse. Understanding physiological indices that can be measured by wearable sensor technologies may provide new momentary interventions for individuals with ED. This systematic review, searching large databases, synthesises studies investigating peripheral physiological (PP) indices commonly included in wearable wristbands (heart rate [HR], heart rate variability [HRV], electrodermal activity [EDA], peripheral skin temperature [PST], and acceleration) in ED. Inclusion criteria included: (a) full peer-reviewed empirical articles in English; (b) human participants with active ED; and (c) containing one of five wearable physiological measures. Kmet risk of bias was assessed. Ninety-four studies were included (Anorexia nervosa [AN; N = 4418], bulimia nervosa [BN; N = 916], binge eating disorder [BED; N = 1604], other specified feeding and eating disorders [OSFED; N = 424], and transdiagnostic [N = 47]). Participants with AN displayed lower HR and EDA and higher HRV compared to healthy individuals. Those with BN showed higher HRV, and lower EDA and PST compared to healthy individuals. Other ED and Transdiagnostic samples showed mixed results. PP differences are indicated through various assessments in ED, which may suggest diagnostic associations, although more studies are needed to validate observed patterns. Results suggest important therapeutic potential for PP in ED, and larger studies including diverse participants and diagnostic groups are needed to fully uncover their role in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ralph-Nearman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kimberly D Osborn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rose Seoyoung Chang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kathryn E Barber
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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da Fonseca RX, Gomes da Cruz CJ, Soares EDMKVK, Garcia GL, Porto LGG, Molina GE. Post-exercise heart rate recovery and its speed are associated with resting-reactivity cardiovagal modulation in healthy women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5526. [PMID: 38448470 PMCID: PMC10917800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to expand upon prior investigations of the relationship between post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and cardiovagal resting-reactivity modulation. HRR from 1st to 5th min after maximal exercise test was correlated with a cardiovagal index of heart rate variability (SD1) at resting (supine and orthostatic positions) and its reactivity after the orthostatic stress test in 34 healthy women. Statistical analysis employed non-parametric tests with a p-value set at 5%. HRR, ∆%HRR, and coefficient of HRR (CHRR) at the 3rd and 5th min correlated with SD1 and SD1n (normalized units) in the supine position (rs = 0.36 to 0.47; p = < 0.01). From the 1st to 5th min, HRR, ∆%HRR, and CHRR correlated with SD1 and SD1n in the orthostatic position (rs = 0.29 to 0.47; p = ≤ 0.01 to 0.05), except for HRR at 5th min with SD1n (p = 0.06). Following the orthostatic stress test, HRR at 3rd and HRR, %∆HRR at 5th min correlated with ∆absSD1 (rs = 0.28 to 0.35; p = 0.02 to 0.05). All HRR measurements at 1st min correlated with ∆absSD1n (rs = 0.32 to 0.38; p = 0.01 to 0.03), and the CHRR at 1st min correlated with ∆%SD1(rs = 0.37; p = 0.01). After the sample was divided into high and low cardiovagal modulation subgroups, the subgroup with high modulation at rest (supine and orthostatic) and higher cardiovagal reactivity (reduction) showed faster HRR (p = ≤ 0.01 to 0.05; ES:0.37 to 0.50). HRR throughout the 1st to 5th min positively correlates with cardiovagal modulation in the orthostatic position, and the 3rd and 5th min positively correlate with cardiovagal modulation in both postures at rest. Faster HRR following the maximal exercise test is associated with high resting-reactivity cardiovagal modulation in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Xavier da Fonseca
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- University Center Euro Americano, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Edgard de Melo Keene Von Koening Soares
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Skidemore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Giliard Lago Garcia
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- University Center Institute of Higher Education of Brasília - IESB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Turner CD, Ramos CM, Curran SP. Disrupting the SKN-1 homeostat: mechanistic insights and phenotypic outcomes. Front Aging 2024; 5:1369740. [PMID: 38501033 PMCID: PMC10944932 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1369740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms that govern maintenance of cellular homeostasis are crucial to the lifespan and healthspan of all living systems. As an organism ages, there is a gradual decline in cellular homeostasis that leads to senescence and death. As an organism lives into advanced age, the cells within will attempt to abate age-related decline by enhancing the activity of cellular stress pathways. The regulation of cellular stress responses by transcription factors SKN-1/Nrf2 is a well characterized pathway in which cellular stress, particularly xenobiotic stress, is abated by SKN-1/Nrf2-mediated transcriptional activation of the Phase II detoxification pathway. However, SKN-1/Nrf2 also regulates a multitude of other processes including development, pathogenic stress responses, proteostasis, and lipid metabolism. While this process is typically tightly regulated, constitutive activation of SKN-1/Nrf2 is detrimental to organismal health, this raises interesting questions surrounding the tradeoff between SKN-1/Nrf2 cryoprotection and cellular health and the ability of cells to deactivate stress response pathways post stress. Recent work has determined that transcriptional programs of SKN-1 can be redirected or suppressed to abate negative health outcomes of constitutive activation. Here we will detail the mechanisms by which SKN-1 is controlled, which are important for our understanding of SKN-1/Nrf2 cytoprotection across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D. Turner
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carmen M. Ramos
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sean P. Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Liu Y, Hao R, Lv J, Yuan J, Wang X, Xu C, Ma D, Duan Z, Zhang B, Dai L, Cheng Y, Lu W, Zhang X. Targeted knockdown of PGAM5 in synovial macrophages efficiently alleviates osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2024; 12:15. [PMID: 38433252 PMCID: PMC10909856 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease worldwide and new therapeutics that target inflammation and the crosstalk between immunocytes and chondrocytes are being developed to prevent and treat OA. These attempts involve repolarizing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in synovium. In this study, we found that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) significantly increased in macrophages in OA synovium compared to controls based on histology of human samples and single-cell RNA sequencing results of mice models. To address the role of PGAM5 in macrophages in OA, we found conditional knockout of PGAM5 in macrophages greatly alleviated OA symptoms and promoted anabolic metabolism of chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that PGAM5 enhanced M1 polarization via AKT-mTOR/p38/ERK pathways, whereas inhibited M2 polarization via STAT6-PPARγ pathway in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, we found that PGAM5 directly dephosphorylated Dishevelled Segment Polarity Protein 2 (DVL2) which resulted in the inhibition of β-catenin and repolarization of M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages. Conditional knockout of both PGAM5 and β-catenin in macrophages significantly exacerbated osteoarthritis compared to PGAM5-deficient mice. Motivated by these findings, we successfully designed mannose modified fluoropolymers combined with siPGAM5 to inhibit PGAM5 specifically in synovial macrophages via intra-articular injection, which possessed desired targeting abilities of synovial macrophages and greatly attenuated murine osteoarthritis. Collectively, these findings defined a key role for PGAM5 in orchestrating macrophage polarization and provides insights into novel macrophage-targeted strategy for treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruihan Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Churong Xu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhouyi Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bingjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liming Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China.
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Triana AM, Saramäki J, Glerean E, Hayward NMEA. Neuroscience meets behavior: A systematic literature review on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain combined with real-world digital phenotyping. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26620. [PMID: 38436603 PMCID: PMC10911114 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A primary goal of neuroscience is to understand the relationship between the brain and behavior. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examines brain structure and function under controlled conditions, digital phenotyping via portable automatic devices (PAD) quantifies behavior in real-world settings. Combining these two technologies may bridge the gap between brain imaging, physiology, and real-time behavior, enhancing the generalizability of laboratory and clinical findings. However, the use of MRI and data from PADs outside the MRI scanner remains underexplored. Herein, we present a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis systematic literature review that identifies and analyzes the current state of research on the integration of brain MRI and PADs. PubMed and Scopus were automatically searched using keywords covering various MRI techniques and PADs. Abstracts were screened to only include articles that collected MRI brain data and PAD data outside the laboratory environment. Full-text screening was then conducted to ensure included articles combined quantitative data from MRI with data from PADs, yielding 94 selected papers for a total of N = 14,778 subjects. Results were reported as cross-frequency tables between brain imaging and behavior sampling methods and patterns were identified through network analysis. Furthermore, brain maps reported in the studies were synthesized according to the measurement modalities that were used. Results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating MRI and PADs across various study designs, patient and control populations, and age groups. The majority of published literature combines functional, T1-weighted, and diffusion weighted MRI with physical activity sensors, ecological momentary assessment via PADs, and sleep. The literature further highlights specific brain regions frequently correlated with distinct MRI-PAD combinations. These combinations enable in-depth studies on how physiology, brain function and behavior influence each other. Our review highlights the potential for constructing brain-behavior models that extend beyond the scanner and into real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Triana
- Department of Computer Science, School of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer Science, School of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland
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Fathi MA, Abdelsalam AM, Elnagar W, Elwan H, Elnesr SS. Effect of in ovo lactoferrin injection in Fayoumi chicken eggs on immune response and some physiological parameters in posthatch chicks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:395-402. [PMID: 37908179 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of in ovo lactoferrin (Lf) injection on some physiological parameters and immune response of posthatch chicks were investigated. Live embryonated Fayoumi chicken eggs (n = 600) were randomly allocated into four groups. The first group as a control was noninjected eggs, the second group was only injected with 0.1 mL of NaCl 0.75% solution, and the third and fourth groups were injected with 50 and 100 µL Lf dissolved in 0.1 mL saline solution respectively. The eggs were injected on Day 15 of incubation in the amnion. The results illustrated that the hatchability of eggs in two Lf groups was significantly higher than in the control, NaCl groups. The residual yolk in chicks injected with Lf (100 µL/egg) was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). In ovo Lf injection improved lipid profile, liver function, antioxidant indices, blood haematology, serum immunoglobulins and jejunum histomorphometry compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In ovo injection of Lf decreased significantly (p < 0.001) of pathogenic bacteria in residual yolk such as Salmonella, Shigella and Coliform compared to the control group. In conclusion, in ovo Lf injection can improve the hatchability, lipid profile, immune response and antioxidant indices and decline pathogens in the residual yolk, thus boosting the health status of newly hatched Fayoumi chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Fathi
- Agricultural Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Waleed Elnagar
- Agricultural Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamada Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Yoshioka N, Shimada T, Iwasaki Y, Yoshida H, Otsuka K, Yamazaki T, Morita Y, Nakamura S, Fukuda D, Morishima I. Utility and optimal dose of nicorandil for physiological assessment of the femoropopliteal artery. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 103:670-677. [PMID: 38363043 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicorandil is widely used as a vasodilator for the physiological assessment of coronary arteries because of its usefulness and safety; however, there are no data on its use in peripheral arteries. AIMS To identify the utility of nicorandil and its appropriate dose for the physiological assessment on the femoropopliteal artery. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled patients from three institutes in which physiological assessment was carried out with various doses of nicorandil before treatment. Twenty-four femoropopliteal artery stenotic lesions from 22 patients were included. The nicorandil doses used were 2, 4, and 6 mg. Twenty-two lesions were also assessed using 30 mg of papaverine. The pressure gradient (PG) and peripheral fractional flow reserve (pFFR) were calculated based on the mean and systolic pressure levels. We examined the correlation of each parameter with the peak systolic velocity ratio (PSVR) based on the duplex ultrasound images using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Systemic blood pressure was assessed for safety. RESULTS The correlations were higher for mean pressure-based parameters than for systolic pressure-based parameters. As the nicorandil dose increased, the correlations among PG, pFFR, and PSVR also increased (mean pressure-based PG: 2 mg, r = 0.360; 4 mg, r = 0.498; 6 mg, r = 0.694, mean pressure-based pFFR: 2 mg, r = -0.479; 4 mg, r = -0.469; 6 mg, r = -0.641). The blood pressure after the administration of 6 mg of nicorandil was low, and the median systemic mean pressure was 65 mmHg. CONCLUSION A 4 mg dose of nicorandil is effective and safe for the mean pressure-based physiological assessment of lesions in the femoropopliteal artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Cardiology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Takenobu Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | | | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itsuro Morishima
- Department of Cardiology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
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Santos-Ferreira D, Guimarães B, Ladeiras-Lopes R, Gonçalves-Teixeira P, Diaz SO, Ferreira P, Gonçalves F, Cardoso RG, Ferreira MA, Chaves PC, Fontes-Carvalho R, Leite-Moreira A. Digital flashcards and medical physiology performance: a dose-dependent effect. Adv Physiol Educ 2024; 48:80-87. [PMID: 38031724 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00138.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Use of digital flashcards promotes active recall, spaced repetition, and self-assessment academic principles. This work explores the association and dose-dependent effect of this study method and locomotor (LP) and cardiovascular physiology (CP) grades. A single-faculty cohort study of medical LP and CP students was conducted, and 155 and 676 flashcards, respectively, were created through Moodle. An exploratory analysis examined three exam results (2019), and a confirmatory study used a fourth exam (2021) in another CP cohort. Of 685 students enrolled, 558 participated in the exploratory analysis: 319 (69%) for LP and 311 (84%) for CP, of which 203 LP and 267 CP students were flashcard users. Median grades were higher among flashcard users, and the number of cards reviewed was positively correlated with grades (r = 0.275 to 0.388 for LP and r = 0.239 to 0.432 for CP, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression models confirmed a positive dose-dependent association between results and the number of flashcards studied: for every 100 LP cards reviewed, exam grades increased 0.44-0.75 on a 0-20 scale range (P < 0.001), and for every 1,000 CP flashcards, results raised 0.81-1.08 values (P < 0.05). These findings were confirmed in the 2021 CP cohort of 269 participants, of whom 67% were flashcard users. Digital flashcard revision has a consistent positive dose-dependent association on LP and CP grades.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Implementing flashcard-based strategies is a feasible way to promote active recall, spaced repetition, and self-assessment, and students are highly adherent to these initiatives. There is a positive dose-dependent association between the number of flashcards reviewed and physiology grades. These results are consistent across different physiology subjects, under different cohorts, over short and medium terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Santos-Ferreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Bruno Guimarães
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Centro Hospitalar de Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ladeiras-Lopes
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gonçalves-Teixeira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Oliveira Diaz
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Gonçalves
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Gonçalves Cardoso
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Anesthesiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Amélia Ferreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Castro Chaves
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Macefield VG. The getting of wisdom. J Physiol 2024; 602:763. [PMID: 38261450 DOI: 10.1113/jp286253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vaughan G Macefield
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lindsey ML, Brunt KR, Kleinbongard P, Carter JR, Ripplinger CM, Kassiri Z, Hansell Keehan K, LeBlanc AJ, Kirk JA. The heart of physiological reports. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15962. [PMID: 38439748 PMCID: PMC10912920 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Merry L. Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Research Service, Nashville VA Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Keith R. Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineDalhousie UniversitySaint JohnNew BrunswickCanada
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical SchoolEssenGermany
| | - Jason R. Carter
- Robbins College of Health and Human SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | | | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Kara Hansell Keehan
- Associate Publications Director, Editorial and Content Development and Executive Editor, AJP‐Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological SocietyRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Amanda J. LeBlanc
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
| | - Jonathan A. Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular PhysiologyLoyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Mondal H, Mondal S. Reply to Surapaneni: Leveraging formative assessment in social media for enhanced learning. Adv Physiol Educ 2024; 48:35-37. [PMID: 38095624 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00230.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Himel Mondal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shaikat Mondal
- Department of Physiology, Raiganj Government Medical College, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
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Waly HSA, Abdelfattah MG, Abou Khalil NS, Ragab SMM. Role of Eruca sativa L. seeds in boosting the reproductive performance of male Japanese quails (Coturnix c. japonica). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:527-540. [PMID: 38054786 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein we attempt to shed light on the potential improving effect of Eruca sativa seeds (ESS) on the reproductive aspects of male Japanese quails. To accomplish this objective, two groups of quails were supplemented with ESS powder at doses of 5 and 10 g/kg feed from 7 days to 140 days of age, in addition to the control group, which did not receive treatment. Forty males were reared singly in cages to evaluate sperm characters and 32 males were raised with 64 females to evaluate fertility and sperm penetrability. Sixty-six phytochemical compounds were found according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of ESS. The most plentiful ones are 13-docosenoic acid methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, and linoleic acid methyl ester. Both 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg doses of ESS showed similar effectiveness in enhancing various reproductive parameters, including gonadal index, sperm characteristics, fertility, libido, and cloacal gland attributes. However, some aspects like sperm concentration and testosterone levels exhibited a dose-dependent response. There is no significant change in mortality rate of supplemented groups compared to the control one. ESS also caused a reduction in feed intake and an enhancement in feed conversion ratio without affecting final body weight and body weight gain. This suggests potential nutritional benefits beyond reproductive health. The low-dose-fed group showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol and malondialdehyde compared to the high-dose-fed and unfed groups. The higher dose notably increased total antioxidant capacity compared to the lower dose and control group. Despite the positive effects on male reproductive parameters, there wasn't a significant impact on hatchability percentage, indicating that while male fertility improved, it might not have directly affected the viability of the eggs. Overall, the study suggests that ESS could be a safe and promising addition to the diet of male Japanese quails to enhance their reproductive capabilities without adverse effects. The findings could have implications for poultry farming by potentially improving breeding efficiency and health outcomes in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S A Waly
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Merit University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Sohair M M Ragab
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
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Carlassara M, Khorramnejad A, Oker H, Bahrami R, Lozada-Chávez AN, Mancini MV, Quaranta S, Body MJA, Lahondère C, Bonizzoni M. Population-specific responses to developmental temperature in the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus: Implications for climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17226. [PMID: 38454541 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The increase of environmental temperature due to current global warming is not only favouring the expansion of the distribution range of many insect species, but it is also changing their phenology. Insect phenology is tightly linked to developmental timing, which is regulated by environmental temperatures. However, the degree to which the effects of developmental temperatures extend across developmental stages and their inter-stage relationships have not been thoroughly quantified in mosquitoes. Here, we used the mosquito Aedes albopictus, which is an aggressive invasive species and an arboviral vector, to study how developmental temperature influences fitness across developmental stages, thermal traits, energy reserves, transcriptome and Wolbachia prevalence in laboratory-reared populations originally collected from either temperate or tropical regions. We show that hatchability, larval and pupal viability and developmental speed are strongly influenced by temperature, and these effects extend to wing length, body mass, longevity and content of water, protein and lipids in adults in a population-specific manner. On the contrary, neither adult thermal preference nor heat resistance significantly change with temperature. Wolbachia density was generally lower in adult mosquitoes reared at 18°C than at other tested temperatures, and transcriptome analysis showed enrichment for functions linked to stress responses (i.e. cuticle proteins and chitin, cytochrome p450 and heat shock proteins) in mosquitoes reared at both 18 and 32°C. Our data showed an overall reduced vector fitness performance when mosquitoes were reared at 32°C, and the absence of isomorphy in the relationship between developmental stages and temperature in the laboratory population deriving from larvae collected in northern Italy. Altogether, these results have important implications for reliable model projections of the invasion potentials of Ae. albopictus and its epidemiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Carlassara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ayda Khorramnejad
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Helen Oker
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Romina Bahrami
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Quaranta
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mélanie J A Body
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Mazzamuto MV, Morandini M, Lampman W, Wauters LA, Preatoni D, Koprowski JL, Martinoli A. Use of infrared thermography to detect reactions to stressful events: does animal personality matter? Integr Zool 2024; 19:224-239. [PMID: 37248795 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The study of the relationship between animal stress and personality for free-ranging animals is limited and provides contrasting results. The perception of stressors by an individual may vary due to its personality, and certain personality traits may help individuals to better cope with them. Using non-invasive infrared thermography (IRT), we investigated the link between physiological and behavioral components expressed during an acute stress event by free-ranging Fremont's squirrels (Tamiasciurus fremonti). We expected that, during the acute stress event of being approached by the researcher, individuals that showed a fast pace-of-life syndrome (bolder, more active, and less social/more aggressive) based on an arena test would exhibit stronger sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system reactivity showing a more intense stress-induced hyperthermia (high core body temperature and low peripheral temperature) than individuals with a slow pace of life (shy, less active, and more social). We successfully employed IRT technology to images of Fremont's squirrels with identification of the individuals' body parts (eye, nose, ear, hind foot). However, we found no support for our hypothesis. Squirrels' body surface temperatures told us more about a squirrel's external environment and less about the thermal state of the body in that environment following a stressful event. Further studies need to assess how to make IRT effective and efficient in the field and improve its performance in studying the relationships between physiology and personality in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Mazzamuto
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Arizona, Arizona, USA
- Unità di Analisi e Gestione delle Risorse Ambientali, Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, Guido Tosi Research Group, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marina Morandini
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Arizona, Arizona, USA
| | - William Lampman
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Arizona, Arizona, USA
| | - Lucas Armand Wauters
- Unità di Analisi e Gestione delle Risorse Ambientali, Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, Guido Tosi Research Group, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Damiano Preatoni
- Unità di Analisi e Gestione delle Risorse Ambientali, Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, Guido Tosi Research Group, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - John Lad Koprowski
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Arizona, Arizona, USA
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Wyoming, USA
| | - Adriano Martinoli
- Unità di Analisi e Gestione delle Risorse Ambientali, Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, Guido Tosi Research Group, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Crovetto L, Venn AA, Sevilgen D, Tambutté S, Tambutté E. Spatial variability of and effect of light on the cœlenteron pH of a reef coral. Commun Biol 2024; 7:246. [PMID: 38424314 PMCID: PMC10904758 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs, the largest bioconstruction on Earth, are formed by calcium carbonate skeletons of corals. Coral skeleton formation commonly referred to as calcification occurs in a specific compartment, the extracellular calcifying medium (ECM), located between the aboral ectoderm and the skeleton. Calcification models often assume a direct link between the surrounding seawater and the ECM. However, the ECM is separated from the seawater by several tissue layers and the cœlenteron, which contains the cœlenteric fluid found in both polyps and cœnosarc (tissue connecting the polyps). Symbiotic dinoflagellate-containing cells line the cœlenteron and their photosynthetic activity contributes to changes in the chemistry of the cœlenteric fluid, particularly with respect to pH. The aim of our study is to compare cœlenteron pH between the cœnosarc and polyps and to compare areas of high or low dinoflagellate density based on tissue coloration. To achieve this, we use liquid ion exchange (LIX) pH microsensors to profile pH in the cœlenteron of polyps and the cœnosarc in different regions of the coral colony in light and darkness. We interpret our results in terms of what light and dark exposure means for proton gradients between the ECM and the coelenteron, and how this could affect calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Crovetto
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco
- Sorbonne Université - ED 515 Complexité du Vivant, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexander A Venn
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco
| | - Duygu Sevilgen
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco.
| | - Eric Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco
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Langeskov-Christensen M, Franzén E, Grøndahl Hvid L, Dalgas U. Exercise as medicine in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2023-332974. [PMID: 38418216 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-332974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable and progressive neurological disorder leading to deleterious motor and non-motor consequences. Presently, no pharmacological agents can prevent PD evolution or progression, while pharmacological symptomatic treatments have limited effects in certain domains and cause side effects. Identification of interventions that prevent, slow, halt or mitigate the disease is therefore pivotal. Exercise is safe and represents a cornerstone in PD rehabilitation, but exercise may have even more fundamental benefits that could change clinical practice. In PD, the existing knowledge base supports exercise as (1) a protective lifestyle factor preventing the disease (ie, primary prevention), (2) a potential disease-modifying therapy (ie, secondary prevention) and (3) an effective symptomatic treatment (ie, tertiary prevention). Based on current evidence, a paradigm shift is proposed, stating that exercise should be individually prescribed as medicine to persons with PD at an early disease stage, alongside conventional medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Langeskov-Christensen
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Grøndahl Hvid
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish MS Hospitals, Ry and Haslev, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Aparecida Martins R, de Almeida Assunção AS, Cavalcante Souza Vieira J, Campos Rocha L, Michelin Groff Urayama P, Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf M, Roberto Sartori J, de Magalhães Padilha P. Metalloproteomic analysis of liver proteins isolated from broilers fed with different sources and levels of copper and manganese. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4883. [PMID: 38418503 PMCID: PMC10902370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Supplementing minerals beyond dietary requirements can increase the risk of toxicity and mineral excretion, making the selection of more bioavailable sources crucial. Thus, this work aimed to use metalloproteomics tools to investigate possible alterations in the hepatic proteome of broilers fed with diets containing two sources (sulfate and hydroxychloride) and two levels of copper (15 and 150 ppm) and manganese (80 and 120 ppm), totaling four treatments: low Cu/Mn SO4, high Cu/Mn SO4, low Cu/Mn (OH)Cl and high Cu/Mn (OH)Cl. The difference in abundance of protein spots and copper and manganese concentrations in liver and protein pellets were analyzed by analysis of variance with significance level of 5%. The Cu and Mn concentrations determined in liver and protein pellets suggested greater bioavailability of hydroxychloride sources. We identified 19 Cu-associated proteins spots, 10 Mn-associated protein spots, and 5 Cu and/or Mn-associated protein spots simultaneously. The analysis also indicated the induction of heat shock proteins and detoxification proteins in broilers fed with high levels of copper and manganese, suggesting the involvement of these proteins in metal tolerance and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Aparecida Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leone Campos Rocha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Roberto Sartori
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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Bateman GA, Bateman AR. A perspective on the evidence for glymphatic obstruction in spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome and fatigue. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:23. [PMID: 38418508 PMCID: PMC10901896 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) alters the vision of astronauts during long-duration spaceflights. Previously, the current authors have discussed the similarities and differences between SANS and idiopathic intracranial hypertension to try to elucidate a possible pathophysiology. Recently, a theory has been advanced that SANS may occur secondary to failure of the glymphatic system caused by venous dilatation within the brain and optic nerves. There is recent evidence to suggest glymphatic obstruction occurs in childhood hydrocephalus, multiple sclerosis and syringomyelia due to venous outflow dilatation similar to that proposed in SANS. The purpose of the current paper is to discuss the similarities and differences between the known CSF and venous pathophysiology in SANS with these other terrestrial diseases, to see if they can shed any further light on the underlying cause of this microgravity-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Alexander Bateman
- Department of Medical Imaging, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
- Newcastle University Faculty of Health, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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49
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Seo SHB, Wells CI, Dickson T, Rowbotham D, Gharibans A, Calder S, Bissett I, O'Grady G, Erickson JC. Validation of body surface colonic mapping (BSCM) against high resolution colonic manometry for evaluation of colonic motility. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4842. [PMID: 38418514 PMCID: PMC10902299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cyclic motor pattern (CMP) activity is implicated in colonic dysfunction, but the only tool to evaluate CMP activity, high-resolution colonic manometry (HRCM), remains expensive and not widely accessible. This study aimed to validate body surface colonic mapping (BSCM) through direct correlation with HRCM. Synchronous meal-test recordings were performed in asymptomatic participants with intact colons. A signal processing method for BSCM was developed to detect CMPs. Quantitative temporal analysis was performed comparing the meal responses and motility indices (MI). Spatial heat maps were also compared. Post-study questionnaires evaluated participants' preference and comfort/distress experienced from either test. 11 participants were recruited and 7 had successful synchronous recordings (5 females/2 males; median age: 50 years [range 38-63]). The best-correlating MI temporal analyses achieved a high degree of agreement (median Pearson correlation coefficient (Rp) value: 0.69; range 0.47-0.77). HRCM and BSCM meal response start and end times (Rp = 0.998 and 0.83; both p < 0.05) and durations (Rp = 0.85; p = 0.03) were similar. Heat maps demonstrated good spatial agreement. BSCM is the first non-invasive method to be validated by demonstrating a direct spatio-temporal correlation to manometry in evaluating colonic motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H B Seo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cameron I Wells
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tully Dickson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Rowbotham
- Department of Gastroenterology, Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Armen Gharibans
- Alimetry Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Calder
- Alimetry Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian Bissett
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greg O'Grady
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Alimetry Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan C Erickson
- Alimetry Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, USA.
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50
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Torres Irizarry VC, Feng B, Yang X, Patel N, Schaul S, Ibrahimi L, Ye H, Luo P, Carrillo-Sáenz L, Lai P, Kota M, Dixit D, Wang C, Lasek AW, He Y, Xu P. Estrogen signaling in the dorsal raphe regulates binge-like drinking in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:122. [PMID: 38413577 PMCID: PMC10899193 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogens promote binge alcohol drinking and contribute to sex differences in alcohol use disorder. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to test if estrogens act on 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (5-HTDRN) to promote binge drinking. We found that female mice drank more alcohol than male mice in chronic drinking in the dark (DID) tests. This sex difference was associated with distinct alterations in mRNA expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and 5-HT-related genes in the DRN, suggesting a potential role of estrogen/ERs/5-HT signaling. In supporting this view, 5-HTDRN neurons from naïve male mice had lower baseline firing activity but higher sensitivity to alcohol-induced excitation compared to 5-HTDRN neurons from naïve female mice. Notably, this higher sensitivity was blunted by 17β-estradiol treatment in males, indicating an estrogen-dependent mechanism. We further showed that both ERα and ERβ are expressed in 5-HTDRN neurons, whereas ERα agonist depolarizes and ERβ agonist hyperpolarizes 5-HTDRN neurons. Notably, both treatments blocked the stimulatory effects of alcohol on 5-HTDRN neurons in males, even though they have antagonistic effects on the activity dynamics. These results suggest that ERs' inhibitory effects on ethanol-induced burst firing of 5-HTDRN neurons may contribute to higher levels of binge drinking in females. Consistently, chemogenetic activation of ERα- or ERβ-expressing neurons in the DRN reduced binge alcohol drinking. These results support a model in which estrogens act on ERα/β to prevent alcohol-induced activation of 5-HTDRN neurons, which in return leads to higher binge alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria C Torres Irizarry
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Bing Feng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nirali Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sarah Schaul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lucas Ibrahimi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hui Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Pei Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leslie Carrillo-Sáenz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Penghua Lai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Maya Kota
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Devin Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VI, 23298, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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