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Quirke-McFarlane S, Carstairs SA, Cecil JE. 'You just eyeball it': Parent and nursery staff perceptions and influences on child portion size: A reflexive thematic analysis. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241245255. [PMID: 38623628 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241245255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health epidemics of the 21st century. Observational studies report that increases in portion size (PS) have occurred in parallel with levels of obesity. Increased PSs of high-energy-dense foods can promote overeating, and without compensatory behaviours, can contribute to childhood obesity. Caregivers make decisions about PSs for children in the home and nursery environment, thus are gatekeepers to child food intake. Understanding caregiver PS decisions can aid in the best practice of PS provision to young children. The aim of this study was to explore parent and nursery staff influences on child PS selection and their suggestions for useful tools/strategies in PS decisions. Methods: A qualitative design was employed using focus group discussions (FGDs) with parents and nursery staff of children aged 3-5 years. FGDs were employed given their ability to generate rich data, as well as permit the exploration of collective perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and experiences. Data were analysed using an inductive, semantic approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Four FGDs were conducted: two with parents (n = 13), two with nursery staff (n = 17). Four overarching themes were derived: (i) awareness of PS guidelines; (ii) control over PS; (iii) social influences on children's eating behaviours; (iv) child-specific, social and external factors influencing parent and nursery staff PS decisions. Additionally, participants discussed tools/strategies they believe would be useful in PS decisions. Conclusion: Data from the themes suggest that caregiver control, social, child-specific and external factors are more influential than PS guidelines in both parent and nursery staff PS decisions for young children aged 3-5 years. These findings can inform future childhood obesity prevention initiatives focussed on improving parent and nursery staff provision/use of age-appropriate PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Quirke-McFarlane
- Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Sharon A Carstairs
- Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Joanne E Cecil
- Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Hjern A, Lindfors A, Sarkadi A, Bergqvist K, Bergström M. Child behaviour is a main concern for parents of 3-year-olds. Acta Paediatr 2024. [PMID: 38624175 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to describe parental concerns about child health and behaviour and their sociodemographic predictors in 3-year-olds, in relation to the national guidelines of well-baby clinics. METHODS The study included parents of 33 526 children in Stockholm who had completed a questionnaire prior to a routine visit to a well-baby clinic at age 3 years. Multivariate regression was used to analyse predictors for concerns. RESULTS Child behaviour problems, defined as defiance and problem with adherence to daily routines, were the most common parental concerns (36.4%), with poor social skills and relations being second (21.8%). Regarding development, 9.6% had concerns about speech and 4.7% about motor development. Screen use (9.5%) and being underweight (6.3%) were other common parental concerns, while lifestyle concerns regarding physical activity and overweight were rare. Parents raised about twice as many concerns for first-born children compared with younger siblings. Child behaviour and developmental concerns were more frequent in families where the mother had primary education only and attended a well-baby clinic with a high Care Need Index. CONCLUSION Parents' concerns reflected the national guidelines about child development and behaviour, but not its emphasis on a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hjern
- Regional Unit for the Well-baby Clinics, Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anncharlotte Lindfors
- Regional Unit for the Well-baby Clinics, Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sarkadi
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, CHAP, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kersti Bergqvist
- Regional Unit for the Well-baby Clinics, Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Bergström
- Regional Unit for the Well-baby Clinics, Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Treviño-Peña R, Romero Z, Fuentes JC, Cortez KE, Alanis E, Alvarenga JCL. A Coordinated School Health Program Effect on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of South Texas Preschool Children: A Cluster Randomized Trial. J Sch Health 2024; 94:336-345. [PMID: 38252805 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the Bienestar/NEEMA Coordinated School Health Program (BN CSHP) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of preschool children. METHODS A cluster randomized trial was conducted of preschools in South Texas. Of 48 eligible schools, 28 were randomly assigned (14 intervention, 14 control). Family demographics and household health characteristics were collected from parents and CRF from children. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Family demographics, household health characteristics, and children's weight, obesity prevalence, and sedentary activity of the control group were similar to the intervention group at baseline. After adjusting for covariates, the number of laps ran by children in the control group increased by 23% (CI: -5% to 60%) per each data collection period compared with 53% (CI: 7% to 119%) in the intervention group. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY State mandates, parent engagement, and funding are key for designing effective health and Physical Education (PE) programs. CONCLUSION Children in the BN CSHP, compared to those in the control group, had a significantly higher increase in their CRF. This finding is important because of the health benefits of CRF in children. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT05501392.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zasha Romero
- University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, Edinburgh, TX
| | | | | | | | - Juan C L Alvarenga
- Division of Population Health & Biostatistics, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, Edinburgh, TX
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Purkait T. Farm to Preschool Programs and Its Impact on Children's Dietary Health: Evaluation Through Bronfenbrenner's Socio-Ecological Model. Ecol Food Nutr 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38456668 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2024.2327619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Children's development is shaped by the world around them. According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, children are influenced by direct interactions and the broader environment, which includes family, community, and society. This concept aligns with initiatives like farm-to-preschool programs. These programs forge connections between communities and local food sources, introducing gardening and nutritional education. This approach aligns seamlessly with Bronfenbrenner's theory, creating a multi-layered learning experience and fostering children's healthier eating habits. This review delves into how farm-to-preschool efforts enhance young children's diets through the ecological model evaluation framework, encompassing health, education, economics, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirna Purkait
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Zhu J, Xiang S, Li Y. Mothers' Perceived Co-Parenting and Preschooler's Problem Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Maternal Parenting Stress and the Moderating Role of Family Resilience. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:891-904. [PMID: 38476351 PMCID: PMC10929244 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s451870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Problem behaviors in preschoolers signals social adjustment challenges. This study investigates the mediating role of parenting stress in the relationship between co-parenting and these behaviors, and examines how family resilience impacts this dynamic. Methods A detailed survey was conducted with 1279 mothers of 3-6-year-olds in Shanghai, China, focusing on co-parenting, family resilience, parenting stress, and children's behaviors. We employed SPSS 26 for initial tests and the Hayes PROCESS macro in SPSS 23.0 for advanced analysis, using bootstrap methods to assess mediation and moderation effects. Results The analysis revealed that maternal parenting stress mediates the relationship between co-parenting and children's problem behaviors. Specifically, unsupportive co-parenting or low levels of supportive co-parenting heightened maternal stress, which in turn increased children's problem behaviors. Family resilience was found to moderate this relationship, buffering the impact of unsupportive co-parenting on maternal stress. High family resilience levels were associated with lower parenting stress, regardless of co-parenting quality. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of enhancing family resilience and supportive co-parenting to mitigate parenting stress and reduce problem behaviors in children. It has practical implications for developing family-centred interventions and policies to strengthen family resilience and co-parenting skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Xiang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Sena CRDS, Morten M, Collison AM, Shaar A, Andrade EDQ, Meredith J, Kepreotes E, Murphy VE, Sly PD, Whitehead B, Karmaus W, Gibson PG, Robinson PD, Mattes J. Bronchiolitis hospital admission in infancy is associated with later preschool ventilation inhomogeneity. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:632-641. [PMID: 38088225 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) positive bronchiolitis episodes in infancy confer a higher risk to develop asthma in later childhood with associated lung function impairments. We aimed to investigate the association between the type of virus causing a bronchiolitis hospitalization episode and lung ventilation inhomogeneities at preschool age. METHODS Infants hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of moderate (ward admission) or severe (pediatric intensive care ward admission) bronchiolitis were prospectively followed-up at preschool age to assess nitrogen (N2 ) multiple breath washout (MBW). Lung clearance index (LCI), functional residual capacity (FRC), and concentration normalized phase III slope analysis (SnIII ) indices were reported from ≥2 technically acceptable trials. Differences between groups were calculated using logistic and linear regression and adjusted for confounders (sex, age at bronchiolitis admission, height at visit, maternal asthma, and doctor-diagnosed asthma, including interaction terms between the latter three). An interaction term was included in a regression model to test for an interaction between RV bronchiolitis severity and MBW parameters at preschool age. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-nine subjects attended preschool follow-up, of which 84 out of 103 (82%) performing MBW had technically acceptable data. Children with a history of RV positive bronchiolitis (n = 39) had increased LCI (adjusted β-coefficient [aβ] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02-0.65, p = 0.040) and conductive airways ventilation inhomogeneity [Scond ] (aβ = 0.016, CI 0.004-0.028, p = 0.011) when compared with those with a RV negative bronchiolitis history (n = 45). In addition, we found a statistical interaction between RV bronchiolitis and bronchiolitis severity strengthening the association with LCI (aβ = 0.93, CI 0.20-1.58, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Children with a history of hospital admission for RV positive bronchiolitis in infancy might be at a higher risk of lung ventilation inhomogeneities at preschool age, arising from the peripheral conducting airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rebeca Da Silva Sena
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Morten
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam M Collison
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aida Shaar
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ediane de Queiroz Andrade
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Meredith
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kepreotes
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Far West Local Health District, NSW Local Health District, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa E Murphy
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre Healthy Lungs, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce Whitehead
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter G Gibson
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre Healthy Lungs, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul D Robinson
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Medical Research Institute, Airway Imaging and Physiology Group, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Tupou J, Ataera C, Wallace-Watkin C, Waddington H. Supporting tamariki takiwātanga Māori (autistic Māori children): Exploring the experience of early childhood educators. Autism 2024; 28:705-717. [PMID: 37401005 PMCID: PMC10913317 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231181622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT The knowledge and attitudes of educators can have a strong influence on the experiences of autistic children who attend inclusive early childhood settings. Autistic children from under-represented ethnic groups, for example, tamariki takiwātanga Māori (autistic Māori children), are likely to face extra challenges and educators need to consider ways to support their cultural development. For this study, we interviewed 12 educators with recent experience supporting tamariki takiwātanga Māori in inclusive early childhood settings. We constructed three themes and seven subthemes from the interview data. We found that educators' understandings of autism were mostly in line with the neurodiversity perspective, which views autism as a difference, not a disorder. We also found similarities between the neurodiversity perspective and Māori perspectives of autism and a need for more training and resources based upon a Māori world view and available in te reo Māori (the Māori language).
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Gultangvattana P, Chutabhakdikul N, Leelataweewud P, Smutkeeree A, Jirarattanasopha V. Association of temperament with oral health behaviour and caries status in Thai preschool children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:135-144. [PMID: 37440363 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperament associated with oral health behaviour and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschoolers remains inconclusive. AIM This cross-sectional study investigated the association of temperament with oral health behaviour and ECC status. DESIGN A total of 421 Thai preschoolers were recruited from elementary schools in Chonburi Province, Thailand. Their caregivers assessed three temperament dimensions (surgency, negative affectivity and effortful control) using the Thai version of the Children's Behaviour Questionnaire Very Short Form and reported oral health behaviours (brushing cooperation and cariogenic snack frequency). Three calibrated dentists assessed ECC status using the modified WHO dmft/dmfs (decayed, missing and filled teeth/surface) index that included noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for child's and caregiver's characteristics, revealed that children with high negative affectivity or low effortful control were more likely to have uncooperative brushing behaviour. The temperament scores of children who consumed cariogenic snacks daily and those who did not were comparable. Children with low surgency, high negative affectivity or low effortful control were more likely to have high dmfs scores. CONCLUSION Negative affectivity and effortful control were associated with brushing behaviour. Temperament was not associated with the frequency of cariogenic snack consumption. All temperamental dimensions, however, were associated with ECC.
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da Silva TF, Mota JG, Okely A, Telles MA, Tassitano RM, Guerra PH, Mota J, de Lucena Martins CM. Are low-income preschoolers physically active at preschool settings? A cross-sectional study. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13245. [PMID: 38450763 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preschools may provide opportunities for children to engage in physical activity (PA), to benefit their health, although little is known when concerning low-income preschoolers. This study aimed (1) to describe time spent in PA among low-income children during preschool hours and (2) to analyse how many children meet the PA recommendations during preschool hours. METHODS A total of 204 low-income preschoolers (4.51 ± 0.79 years) from João Pessoa/Brazil provided valid accelerometer (Actigraph, WGT3-X) data during the preschool period. Children were grouped in quartiles of PA in counts per minute, according to sex and age. The General Linear Model Univariate was used to examine the differences in PA intensities between the quartiles and the time spent in total PA (TPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) by quartiles, according to age. An hour-by-hour description of children's PA was presented. RESULTS TPA during preschool hours ranged from 68.33% to 113.89% of the recommended and from 28.34% to 81.68% of the MVPA recommendations. Among 5-year-old children, those in the highest quartile met the PA recommendations. All children were more active outdoors than indoors. For the less actives, preschool time corresponded to 30% of the recommended daily MVPA. CONCLUSION The current results reinforce the importance of preschool settings for promoting preschoolers' PA and provide particularly important and useful information for tailoring preschool-based interventions focused on those who need it most. Strategies to increase children's MVPA should be prioritized during free-play time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Okely
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rafael Miranda Tassitano
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Ilinois, USA
| | | | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins
- Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gieysztor E, Dawidziak A, Kowal M, Paprocka-Borowicz M. Jumping Motor Skills in Typically Developing Preschool Children Assessed Using a Battery of Tests. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1344. [PMID: 38400502 PMCID: PMC10893251 DOI: 10.3390/s24041344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The preschool period is characterised by the improvement in motor skills. One of the developmental tasks in children is the ability to jump. Jumping plays an important role in the development of leg strength and balance. It is the gateway to more complex movements. In the physiotherapy clinic, we see a lot of difficulties in jumping performance in 5-7-year-old children. The aim of this study is to present the jumping ability, assessed by the Motor Proficiency Test (MOT) and the G-sensor examination of the vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) and countermovement jump with arms thrust (CMJAT) parameters. A total of 47 children (14 boys and 33 girls) were randomly recruited. The mean age was 5.5 years. The mean height was 113 cm and the mean weight was 19.7 kg. The children were divided into two groups according to their results. Children with low basic motor skills have the greatest difficulty with jumping tasks. In the CMJ jump, the take-off force was lower than in the CMJAT (p = 0.04). Most CMJAT parameters correlate with age, weight, and height. Height correlates most with children's jumping performance. This study may be useful for sport educators and developmental researchers. The topic should be further explored and the CMJ and CMJAT parameters may be established as a basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gieysztor
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (M.K.); (M.P.-B.)
| | - Aleksandra Dawidziak
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (M.K.); (M.P.-B.)
- Scientific Club No. 15 Progressio Infantis, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kowal
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (M.K.); (M.P.-B.)
| | - Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (M.K.); (M.P.-B.)
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Keefer A, Perrin J, Singh V, Holingue C, Winchell S, Vasa RA. A pilot, single-arm feasibility study of an integrated cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety in young autistic children. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:131-141. [PMID: 38216125 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anxiety is prevalent in young autistic children under 7 years of age. Yet there is a paucity of empirically based interventions for this age group. DINO Strategies for Anxiety and Uncertainty Reduction (DINOSAUR) is an innovative cognitive behavioral intervention that seeks to optimize treatment response in young autistic children by targeting anxiety and the contributing mechanisms of intolerance of uncertainty and parental accommodation using a telehealth delivery model. This pilot, single-arm study examines the preliminary feasibility of DINOSAUR. METHODS Fourteen autistic children ages 4-6 years with average language and cognitive skills and their parents received the intervention. Quantitative and qualitative data pertaining to parent satisfaction and treatment outcomes were collected. RESULTS Attendance, retention, and parent satisfaction ratings offer preliminary support for the feasibility of the treatment model. Change in clinical severity ratings on a semi-structured parent interview of anxiety and parents' qualitative report suggests the potential to benefit young autistic children. CONCLUSIONS Results support future study of the DINOSAUR model in a larger, randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Keefer
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jeremy Perrin
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States
| | - Vini Singh
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States
| | - Calliope Holingue
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sarah Winchell
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States
| | - Roma A Vasa
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
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Curzon MM, Dick AS, Coccia C, Graziano PA. Exploring Differences in Physical Health in Young Children With and Without ADHD. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:120-130. [PMID: 38078865 PMCID: PMC10874215 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess differences in child physical health outcomes and metrices associated with obesity in a sample of predominantly Hispanic/Latinx young children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Participants included 127 children diagnosed with ADHD and 96 typically developing (TD) children between 4 and 7 years of age. Objective measures of children's body composition, fitness, and physical activity were conducted. Parents of children completed food recalls to assess their child's dietary intake, diet quality was calculated based on the Healthy Eating Index-2015, and parents completed a survey about their family's health habits. RESULTS Logistic regression revealed that those with ADHD were more likely to be classified as having an overweight or obese (Ov/O) body mass index (BMI). Linear regression analyses indicated that children with ADHD performed worse on a fitness test and consumed more calories relative to TD children. Moderation analyses indicated that sex differences in steps were prominent in our TD sample, but not among those with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Young children with ADHD are at greater risk for having an Ov/O BMI, being less fit, and eating a greater intake of calories compared to TD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Curzon
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
| | - Anthony S Dick
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
| | - Catherine Coccia
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
| | - Paulo A Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
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Ferraz A, Santos M, Pereira MG. Portuguese Validation of the TAPQoL: A Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument for Children Aged 0-6 Years. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:399-410. [PMID: 38391494 PMCID: PMC10888349 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, there are few generic and specific instruments to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children, especially those of preschool age. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Portuguese version of the Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire (TAPQoL) in a community and clinical sample of children aged 0-6 years. The parents of 409 healthy children and 137 children undergoing treatment for burns and acute lymphoblastic leukemia completed the TAPQoL and were assessed on psychological morbidity and family functioning. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, as well as analysis of the psychometric properties as shown by internal consistency measures, convergent validity, and average variance extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an 11-factor structure with good psychometric properties. The current version of the TAPQoL is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing HRQoL in Portuguese preschool children in community and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferraz
- Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Martim Santos
- Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M Graça Pereira
- Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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14
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Pasinato A, Fama M, Tripepi G, Egan CG, Baraldi E. Lactoferrin in the Prevention of Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Preschool Children: A Prospective Randomized Study. Children (Basel) 2024; 11:249. [PMID: 38397361 PMCID: PMC10887729 DOI: 10.3390/children11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) on reducing respiratory infections in preschool children. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of bLf in preschool children with recurrent respiratory infections. Participants were randomly assigned bLf (n = 25) or control (n = 25). Outcomes included respiratory infection episodes (RIEs), symptom duration, school absence and medication. Fifty children aged 4.2 ± 0.1 years were included. During the active 4-month phase, median number of RIEs was reduced by 50% in the bLf group [1-episode, interquartile range (IQR): 0-2] vs. control (2, IQR: 1-3; p = 0.02). The proportion of participants with >3 RIEs was significantly lower in bLf (n = 1, 4%) vs. control (n = 7, 28%) with 80% lower odds of upper RIEs in the bLf arm (odds ratio: 0.20, 95% CI:0.06-0.74, p = 0.015). The duration of symptoms (3 vs. 6, p = 0.009) and days absent from school (3 vs. 6, p = 0.15) were lower in the active arm. Over the 2-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between groups for infection episodes, symptom duration or school absence. However, bLf-treated children received significantly less corticosteroids over the entire 6-month study period (32% vs. 60%; p = 0.047). bLf supplementation significantly reduced the frequency and duration of RIEs in children with decreased corticosteroid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pasinato
- Società Italiana Cure Pediatriche Primarie (SICuPP), Veneto Region, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Mario Fama
- Società Italiana Cure Pediatriche Primarie (SICuPP), Veneto Region, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- National Research Council (CNR), Ospedali Riuniti, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | | | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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15
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Gil-Madrona P, Losada-Puente L, Mendiri P, Sá C, Silva IP, Saraiva L. Is it possible to identify physical-motor profiles of preschool children on their association with selected biosocial factors? Front Psychol 2024; 15:1302402. [PMID: 38420180 PMCID: PMC10899449 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1302402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosocial factors play a crucial role in the physical-motor development (PMD) of children during the preschool age. The present study aims to identify physical-motor profiles throughout preschool age (3-6 years) and explore associations between profiles and selected biosocial factors such as age, sex, prematurity, weight, height, BMI, and participation in extracurricular physical activities. Data from 412 typically developing children (46.6% girls and 53.4% boys), aged 35-71 months (M = 51.21, SD = 10.47) was collected using the Psychomotor Activities Checklist and specifically the scale of Psycho-Motor Aspects. Cluster analysis made it possible to define four different childhood PMD profiles. High PMD; High PMD except left laterality; medium-low PMD; and low PMD. High PMD profile includes older children, with anthropometric measurements closer to the WHO recommendations, fewer preterm children, and greater participation in extracurricular physical activities. Low PMD profile includes younger children, with weight slightly above and height slightly below the WHO recommendations and low participation in extracurricular physical activities. This study allows us to identify specific trends that may be decisive for the motor development of children throughout preschool age, highlighting selected biological variables and participation in extracurricular physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gil-Madrona
- Department of Didactics on Physical, Artistic and Music Education, Faculty of Education, Albacete, University of Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luisa Losada-Puente
- Department of Specific Didactics and Methods of Research and Diagnosis in Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Mendiri
- Department of Specific Didactics and Methods of Research and Diagnosis in Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - César Sá
- Escola Superior de Educação de Viana do Castelo, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Center for Research and Innovation in Education, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês P. Silva
- Escola Superior de Educação de Viana do Castelo, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Linda Saraiva
- Escola Superior de Educação de Viana do Castelo, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Center for Research and Innovation in Education, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Roepstorff IT, Mayor J, Havighurst SS, Kartushina N. Same name, different representational levels? Misalignment of indirect parent-reported and direct alternative forced choice measures of emotion word comprehension in preschool children. J Child Lang 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38329010 DOI: 10.1017/s0305000923000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the relationship between preschoolers' directly and indirectly assessed emotion word comprehension. Forty-nine two-to-five-year-old Norwegian children were assessed in a tablet-based 4-alternative forced choice (AFC) task on their comprehension of six basic and six complex emotions using facial expression photographs. Parents reported emotion word comprehension and production of the same words. Parent-reported emotion word production interacted with age to predict preschoolers' performance, with a parent-child alignment only observed for older children. Parent-reported word comprehension did not significantly predict accuracy. The results suggest that, in preschoolers, direct and indirect assessments might address distinct representational levels of emotion word comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Torp Roepstorff
- Department of Psychology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 11, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Julien Mayor
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie S Havighurst
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373Oslo, Norway
- Mindful: Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Building C, 50 Flemington Street, Travancore 3032, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalia Kartushina
- Centre for Multilingualism in Society across the Lifespan, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo, Henrik Wergelands hus, Niels Henrik Abels vei 36, 0313 Oslo, Norway
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Bell LK, Nguyen HV, Ha DH, Devenish-Coleman G, Golley RK, Do LG, Scott JA. Predictors of Free Sugars Intake Trajectories across Early Childhood-Results from the SMILE Birth Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:174. [PMID: 38397665 PMCID: PMC10888386 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Foods and beverages high in free sugars can displace healthier choices and increase the risk of weight gain, dental caries, and noncommunicable diseases. Little is known about the intake of free sugars across early childhood. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal intake from 1 to 5 years of free sugars and identify the independent maternal and child-related predictors of intake in a cohort of Australian children participating in the Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE). Free sugars intake (FSI) was previously estimated at 1, 2, and 5 years of age, and three distinct FSI trajectories were determined using group-based trajectory modelling analysis. This study utilized multinomial logistic regression to identify the maternal and child-related predictors of the trajectories. The risk of following the 'high and increasing' trajectory of FSI compared to the 'low and fast increasing' trajectory was inversely associated with socio-economic disadvantage (aRRR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75-0.92; p < 0.001), lower for females (aRRR 0.56; 95% CI 0.32-0.98; p = 0.042), and higher in children with two or more older siblings at birth (aRRR 2.32; 95% CI 0.99-5.42; p = 0.052). Differences in trajectories of FSI were evident from an early age and a high trajectory of FSI was associated primarily with socio-economic disadvantage, providing another example of diet quality following a social gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda K. Bell
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Huy V. Nguyen
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Mt. Helen, VIC 3353, Australia;
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Diep H. Ha
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (D.H.H.); (L.G.D.)
| | | | - Rebecca K. Golley
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Loc G. Do
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (D.H.H.); (L.G.D.)
| | - Jane A. Scott
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6907, Australia;
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18
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Al-walah MA, Donnelly M, Heron N. Barriers, enablers and motivators of the "I'm an active Hero" physical activity intervention for preschool children: a qualitative study. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1333173. [PMID: 38357506 PMCID: PMC10864600 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1333173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insufficient physical activity (PA) in early childhood is linked to adverse health outcomes and a heightened risk of obesity. Successful PA programmes often require input from key stakeholders, such as parents and educators. However, research on stakeholders' perspectives regarding PA programmes for preschool children is limited, impeding effective programme design and implementation. Objectives This study aims to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders to gain insights into the challenges, facilitators, and motivators that influence the planning, execution, and sustainability of the "I'm an Active Hero (IAAH) intervention component," a preschool-based initiative designed to promote PA among young children. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Saudi Arabia with individual preschool principals (n = 2), and focus group discussions were held, respectively, with preschool staff members (n = 4, all female) and parents (4 mothers, 5 fathers). Results A thematic analysis identified four main themes: (1) Barriers to parental involvement in preschool PA interventions, such as time constraints, lack of flexibility, limited space, and a shortage of trained staff; (2) Risks and benefits of children's programme participation; (3) Motivators including rewards, non-financial incentives, and concerns about childhood obesity and a sedentary lifestyle; (4) Facilitating factors for overcoming barriers, including staff training, time reallocation, staff coordination, space optimization, non-financial incentives, and sustaining partnerships. Conclusion This study's findings are crucial for childcare professionals, preschools, education authorities, and policymakers, offering valuable insights for future research. However, further collaboration with key stakeholders is essential to enhance individual attitudes and preschool policies for effective intervention implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosfer A. Al-walah
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Heron
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England
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19
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Ding H, Shi Z, Lin H, Sun Y, Zhang L, Liu F, Wang X, Zhang Z, Zhang G. Serum proteomics identifies novel diagnostic biomarkers for asthma in preschool children. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:65-80. [PMID: 38410598 PMCID: PMC10894366 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, reversible airway obstruction, and chronic airway inflammation. It is the most common chronic disease in childhood. However, the diagnosis of childhood asthma remains challenging, and there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic methods. Methods To identify biomarkers of asthma in children, we adopted the Orbitrap-based data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry proteomics method to analyze the serum proteomic signatures of children with acute asthma and convalescent children. Results We identified 747 proteins in 46 serum samples and 50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that distinguished between asthmatic and healthy children. Next, functional enrichment analysis of the DEPs was conducted, it was indicated that the DEPs were significantly enriched in immune-related and function terms and pathways. Furthermore, we performed statistical analysis and identified MMP14, ABHD12B, PCYOX1, LTBP1, CFHR4, APOA1, IGHG4, ANG and IGFALS proteins as the diagnostic biomarker candidates. Ultimately, a promising asthma diagnostic model for preschool children based on IGFALS was built and evaluated. The area under the curve (AUC) of the IGFALS model was 0.959. Conclusions In this study, the DIA proteome strategy was used and the largest number of proteins of asthmatic children serum proteomics was identified. The proteomics results showed that the DEPs play the central role of the inflammation-immune mechanism in asthma pathogenesis, suggesting that these proteins may be used in asthma diagnosis, prognosis, or therapy, and suggested biomarkers for asthma of preschool children. In conclusion, our results provide insight into the pathophysiology of asthma. We believe that the diagnostic model will facilitate clinical decision-making regarding asthma in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haibo Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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20
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Huang YQ, Cao QZ, Wang YY, Zhou YJ, Zheng DY. Effect of lens surgery on health-related quality of life in preschool children with congenital ectopia lentis. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:66-72. [PMID: 38239937 PMCID: PMC10754651 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of lens surgery on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of preschool children with congenital ectopia lentis (CEL). METHODS A prospective self-controlled study was conducted in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Children aged from 5 to 7y whom were diagnosed with CEL and underwent phacoemulsification with scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and their parents were enrolled in this study. All of them completed the child and proxy (parental) PedsQL™ 4.0 before and after the surgery. Their preoperative scores were compared to their postoperative ones. Subgroup analyses were performed based on gender and preoperative bilateral presenting visual acuity of the children. RESULTS Thirty-two children with CEL successfully underwent surgery without any complications, among whom 8 had monocular surgery and 24 had binocular surgery. Preoperative and postoperative questionnaires were completed by 32 child-parent pairs. Surgical intervention could significantly improve the vision of affected children (P<0.001). The medians of physical, psychosocial and total health scores self-reported by the children were 68.75 (62.50, 81.25), 65.00 (60.00, 80.00) and 67.39 (60.87, 78.26) preoperatively and were 93.75 (87.50, 100.00), 90.00 (83.33, 96.67) and 89.13 (85.32, 95.65) postoperatively. The preoperative scores of the affected children were significantly lower in all scales than age-matched healthy children (P<0.001). All the postoperative scores were significantly higher than the preoperative scores in affected children and their parents (P<0.001). In the physical functioning evaluation, the preoperative score reported by parents of girls was higher than parents of boys (P=0.041), and the postoperative score of girls was higher than that of boys (P=0.036). CONCLUSION CEL is associated with significantly worse quality of life in preschool children. Surgical intervention can significantly improve the HRQoL in affected children from both personal and family perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian-Zhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan-Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
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Qiao T, Wang L, Chang J, Huang X, Wang X, Ye P. The Effect of Paternal Co-Parenting on Preschool Children's Problem Behaviors: The Chain-Mediating Role of Maternal Parenting Burnout and Psychological Aggression. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:187-200. [PMID: 38250635 PMCID: PMC10800087 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s451878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective With the social changes, a growing number of women have joined the workforce, leading to a shift in the traditional roles of child-rearing. There has been a growing focus on the significance of fathers' roles in child development, particularly the influence of fathers on children's problematic behaviors, making it an increasingly prominent issue. However, there is limited understanding regarding the potential mechanisms through which fathers may exert influence on children's problem behaviors. To address this gap, this study sought to investigate the link between paternal co-parenting and preschool children's problem behaviors, and the mediating effects of maternal parenting burnout and psychological aggression. Methods This study used the Personal Information Form and four scales to administer questionnaires to 1164 mothers of preschool children (Mage = 4.26 ± 0.85) in Guangdong Province, China. The collected data underwent processing and analysis using SPSS 22.0. Results Paternal co-parenting demonstrated a significantly positive correlation with problem behaviors among preschool children. The impact of paternal co-parenting on children's problem behaviors was mediated by maternal parenting burnout, maternal psychological aggression, and the combined effect of maternal parenting burnout and psychological aggression. Conclusion Maternal parenting burnout and maternal psychological aggression play a sequential mediating role between paternal co-parenting and problem behaviors among preschool children. This study revealed the internal mechanism through which paternal co-parenting influenced problem behaviors exhibited by children. It provides some evidence to support the important role of fathers in child development, and provides a reference for policymakers and educators to develop interventions for children's problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Qiao
- College of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqun Wang
- College of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Chang
- School of Foreign Languages, Shenzhen Information Vocational College, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- College of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingzhi Ye
- College of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Sung MC, McClelland MM, Massey W, Logan SW, MacDonald M. Association between motor skills and executive function of children with autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan and the United States. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1292695. [PMID: 38249390 PMCID: PMC10796658 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1292695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parent ratings of motor skills and executive function (EF) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States and Taiwan. Materials and method One hundred and seventy-two parents/legal guardians of children (4-6 years and 11 months old) with ASD were recruited from two countries, Taiwan (n = 100) and the United States (n = 72). The parents or guardians of the child with ASD completed a questionnaire including demographic information, child's motor skills (using Children Activity Scale - Parents, ChAS-P), and child's EF (using Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory, CHEXI). A series of hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to determine whether ChAS-P (total motor score, fine motor skills, and gross motor skill) was associated with CHEXI (total EF score, working memory, and inhibition), after controlling for covariates (i.e., age, gender, race, body mass index, whether children received physical activity or cognitive training, parental education level). Results Total motor skills, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills were significantly associated with EF in both working memory and inhibition as rated by parents in both countries (β = 0.21-0.57, p < 0.01), with the exception of a non-significant association between parent-rated total motor skills, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills, and inhibition among Taiwanese children with ASD. In addition, the associations between parent ratings of motor skills (i.e., fine motor and gross motor skills) and EF (i.e., working memory and inhibition) were similar between the two countries. Conclusion Positive associations with specific aspects of parent ratings of fine motor and gross motor skills and working memory and inhibition were found in children with ASD from both countries. These findings have implications for future interventions and programs focused on improving early motor skills and EF development for young children with ASD from Taiwan and the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chih Sung
- Department of Human Performance and Health, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, United States
| | | | - William Massey
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Samuel W. Logan
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Megan MacDonald
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Mazurkiewicz A, Raczkowska E. The Connection between Knowledge and the Nutritional Behaviour of Parents and the Occurrence of Overweight and Obesity among Preschool Children-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:174. [PMID: 38202003 PMCID: PMC10780658 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of overweight and obesity constitutes a threat for health and children's lives at preschool age. Eating habits formed during this period seriously affect not only future dietary preferences but also the development of diet-related diseases. The purpose of the present study was the assessment of the relationship between the state of knowledge of children's nutrition and parents' eating behaviour and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 4-6 years. The study was conducted using 200 parent-child pairs. The behaviour and nutritional knowledge of parents was assessed using a questionnaire method. In contrast, anthropometric measurements were taken among the children. Nutritional disorders were noted in 46.5% of children of whom 39.0% struggled with overweight and 7.5% with obesity. The study showed that the children of parents with higher levels of nutritional knowledge were more likely to develop overweight and obesity. It also proved that irregularity of parental food intake predisposed the development of excessive body weight in children (p = 0.0049). Therefore, it is reasonable to undertake further investigation into factors implying the development of nutritional disorders among those youngest. Early recognition of dietary mistakes can contribute to their elimination at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
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Cai P, Liu Y, Yang Z, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Ye P, Yin X, Xiao N, Chen X, Wang M, Xiao B, Zhao H. Impact of lockdown on the growth of children in China aged 3-6 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1301889. [PMID: 38234429 PMCID: PMC10791918 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1301889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lockdowns in COVID-19 pandemic led to less physical activity and more intake of unhealthy food in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the negative impact of major lockdowns on the growth of children aged 3-6 years during COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods Physical examination results in 2019 to 2022 from 5834 eligible children (2972 males and 2862 females) from Southwestern China who were 3 years old in 2019 were retrospectively collected. Height and weight data points were extracted from the results, and percentiles of height (height%), weight (weight%), and BMI (BMI%), and rates of overweight and obesity were calculated and compared between different years during the pandemic. Results After analyzing the 15404 growth data points from 5834 children, a slowly increasing trend of height% from 2019 to 2022 was observed. Weight%, BMI%, overweight rate, obesity rate, and combined overweight and obesity rate had two peaks in 2020 and 2022 when major lockdowns were adopted and a drop in between (year 2021), except for obesity rate which did not drop in 2021. Similar results were shown after stratification by gender. Conclusion The lockdowns in COVID-19 pandemic promoted obesity of kindergarten children, but did not show any negative impact on their height growth possibly due to over-nutrition of children during lockdowns. More efforts need to be made to limit the increase of obesity rate in kindergarten children during possible future lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiling Cai
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Maternal and Child Health Service Center of Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yueyao Luo
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Maternal and Child Health Service Center of Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Ye
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Yin
- Maternal and Child Health Service Center of Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Nanying Xiao
- Maternal and Child Health Service Center of Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengping Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Beili Xiao
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Durbeej N, Ssegonja R, Salari R, Dahlberg A, Fabian H, Sarkadi A. Preschool-level socio-economic deprivation in relation to emotional and behavioural problems among preschool children in Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948231218040. [PMID: 38166546 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231218040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to explore the association between preschool-level socio-economic deprivation and emotional and behavioural problems among preschool children in Sweden using a multilevel approach. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used data on 2267 children whose parents and preschool teachers had responded to items measuring individual-level socio-economic deprivation and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for assessment of emotional and behavioural problems. Further, the Socioeconomic Structure Compensation Index (SSCI), collected from Uppsala municipality, was used to assess preschool-level socio-economic deprivation. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel logistic regression models were used to explore the relations between preschool-level socio-economic deprivation and emotional and behavioural problems. RESULTS In unadjusted models, children who attended preschools classified as highly deprived had elevated odds for emotional symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 1.71) as rated by parents. However, this association did not remain significant after adjusting for individual-level socio-economic deprivation factors. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, children who attended preschools classified as moderately deprived had elevated odds for peer-relationship problems as rated by parents (OR 1.63; adjusted OR 1.48). There were no significant associations between preschool deprivation and emotional and behavioural problems as rated by preschool teachers. CONCLUSIONS Swedish preschools may have a compensatory capacity in addressing children's emotional and behavioural problems, whereas preschool-level deprivation remained significantly associated with peer-relationship problems after controlling for individual-level socio-economic deprivation factors. This implies that peer-relationship problems in deprived preschools need to be addressed in a broader community context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Durbeej
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Richard Ssegonja
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Raziye Salari
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Anton Dahlberg
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Helena Fabian
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Anna Sarkadi
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Rolls BJ, Roe LS, Keller KL. Children's Energy Intake Generally Increases in Response to the Energy Density of Meals but Varies with the Amounts and Types of Foods Served. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:185-195. [PMID: 37890673 PMCID: PMC10808835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food energy density (ED; kcal/g) is positively related to energy intake in numerous studies. A recent secondary analysis proposed that when the ED of consumed food is above a breakpoint, adults sense calories and adjust meal size to minimize overconsumption. OBJECTIVES We conducted a secondary analysis of measured intakes in preschool children to assess how meal energy intake was related to meal ED as well as to meal portions, eating occasions, and menus. METHODS We analyzed weighed intakes from 6355 meals served to 94 children aged 3 to 5 y in 2 randomized crossover trials. We provided children with all their daily food and milk for multiple periods of 5 consecutive days in their usual childcare setting. We used linear mixed models with repeated measures to analyze the effects on energy intake of meal ED and meal weight, either as served or as consumed. RESULTS Energy intake at meals was related to the ED and portions of served food and also to the ED and weight of consumed food (all P < 0.0001). Energy intake was also significantly affected by the eating occasion and the foods served on the menus. Children selectively ate higher-ED items, which were served in smaller amounts than lower-ED options. Meal energy intake was curvilinear across consumed ED; it initially increased (slope: 113 ± 2 kcal/ED unit) but decreased at higher-ED meals (deceleration: -11 ± 1 kcal/ED unit2) without evidence of a clear breakpoint. This trajectory may be attributable to the relatively limited portions of higher-ED foods that were served. CONCLUSIONS Children's energy intake generally increased with greater ED; at higher-ED meals, however, energy intake decreased in a curvilinear manner without a clear breakpoint. This reduction in intake at higher ED could be explained by meal-related factors such as the portions served rather than by sensitivity to meal energy content. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03010501 and NCT03242863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
| | - Liane S Roe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Coulter KL, Moreno P, Barton M, Dumont-Mathieu T, Robins DL, Fein DA. Validity of the Toddler Autism Symptom Inventory in Non-Hispanic White and Black Toddlers. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:339-352. [PMID: 36316523 PMCID: PMC10148924 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Racial disparities exist in autism diagnosis, and yet, the development of most diagnostic tools has not explicitly examined measurement equity between racial and ethnic groups. We examined the validity of the Toddler Autism Symptom Inventory (TASI), a semi-structured interview developed for diagnosis of toddlers, in non-Hispanic Black/African American and non-Hispanic White children. After controlling for group differences in socio-economic status, no differences in diagnosis, age at diagnosis, mean developmental level, or autism severity were found. TASI ROC curves for both groups, in the overall sample, and in samples stratified by SES, showed high AUC values. Validity of two cutoff scores was acceptable. Lack of significant differences in TASI score or responses to individual items suggests similar symptomatology. These results provide early support for the use of the TASI in diagnostic evaluations of Black and White children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Coulter
- University of Connecticut, 406 Unit 1020, Babbidge Rd, 06269, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Paula Moreno
- University of Connecticut, 406 Unit 1020, Babbidge Rd, 06269, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Marianne Barton
- University of Connecticut, 406 Unit 1020, Babbidge Rd, 06269, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Thyde Dumont-Mathieu
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Fein
- University of Connecticut, 406 Unit 1020, Babbidge Rd, 06269, Storrs, CT, USA
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Nguyen TT, Qian X, Ng EKK, Ong MQW, Ngoh ZM, Yeo SSP, Lau JM, Tan AP, Broekman BFP, Law EC, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Cortese S, Meaney MJ, Zhou JH. Variations in Cortical Functional Gradients Relate to Dimensions of Psychopathology in Preschool Children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:80-89. [PMID: 37394176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear how the functional brain hierarchy is organized in preschool-aged children, and whether alterations in the brain organization are linked to mental health in this age group. Here, we assessed whether preschool-aged children exhibit a brain organizational structure similar to that of older children, how this structure might change over time, and whether it might reflect mental health. METHOD This study derived functional gradients using diffusion embedding from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 4.5-year-old children (N = 100, 42 male participants) and 6.0-year-old children (N = 133, 62 male participants) from the longitudinal Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. We then conducted partial least-squares correlation analyses to identify the association between the impairment ratings of different mental disorders and network gradient values. RESULTS The main organizing axis of functional connectivity (ie, principal gradient) separated the visual and somatomotor regions (ie, unimodal) in preschool-aged children, whereas the second axis delineated the unimodal-transmodal gradient. This pattern of organization was stable from 4.5 to 6 years of age. The second gradient separating the high- and low-order networks exhibited a diverging pattern across mental health severity, differentiating dimensions related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and phobic disorders. CONCLUSION This study characterized, for the first time, the functional brain hierarchy in preschool-aged children. A divergence in functional gradient pattern across different disease dimensions was found, highlighting how perturbations in functional brain organization can relate to the severity of different mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan Tinh Nguyen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xing Qian
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Kwun Kei Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Qin Wen Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Ming Ngoh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A∗STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore
| | - Shayne S P Yeo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A∗STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore
| | - Jia Ming Lau
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A∗STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore; National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyn C Law
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A∗STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A∗STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A∗STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A∗STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the Strategic Research Program, A∗STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Hasnin S, Dev DA, Pitts SJ. Evidence for Criterion-Related Validity of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy for Approximating Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Preschool Children. J Nutr 2024; 154:261-270. [PMID: 38008362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin carotenoids are a valid biomarker for approximating fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC). Veggie Meter® (VM®, Longevity Link Corp.) is a pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS)-based device that allows for noninvasive and rapid assessment of skin-carotenoid score (SCS) in adults and children. Although VM® is established as a valid tool to measure FVC in adults, there is limited research supporting the validity evidence of the VM® to approximate FVC among preschool children. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to assess evidence supporting the criterion-related validity of RS-based SCS for approximating FVC among preschool children (3-5-y old). METHODS We collected cross-sectional data from typically developing preschool children (n = 136) attending the Child and Adult Care Food Program-participating family child care home settings (FCCHs) (n = 46) in Nebraska. Research team members collected children's height and weight to calculate body mass index; and measured children's SCS using the VM®. Children's FVC in FCCHs were collected using dietary observation. In addition, parents (n = 89) completed a shortened food frequency questionnaire to report children's FVC at home. Kendall's Tau (τ) correlation tests were conducted to measure the association between children's SCS with FVC in FCCHs and with parent-reported total fruit and vegetable (FV) frequency scores. RESULTS Children's SCS were significantly correlated with their mean FVC in FCCHs, τ = 0.14 (P = 0.02), total provitamin A carotenoids intake in FCCHs, τ = 0.19 (P < 0.001), and with parent-reported total FV frequency score, τ = 0.16 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION The correlation coefficients in this study are comparable with results from a meta-analysis examining associations between FVC and SCS in 7-10-y-old children (r = 0.20). Thus, evidence suggests that RS offers a potentially valid, objective, and feasible method to assess preschool children's total FVC in multiple settings, especially in conjunction with other dietary assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Hasnin
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Dipti A Dev
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
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Vaezghasemi M, Pulkki-Brännström AM, Lindkvist M, Silfverdal SA, Lohr W, Ivarsson A. Social inequalities in social-emotional problems among preschool children: a population-based study in Sweden. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2147294. [PMID: 36722260 PMCID: PMC9897742 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2147294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social-emotional ability is important for overall health and wellbeing in early childhood. Recognizing preschool children in need of extra support, especially those living in unfavourable conditions, can have immediate positive effects on their health and benefit their wellbeing in the long-term. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are social inequalities in preschool children's social-emotional problems, and whether inequalities differ between boys and girls. METHOD This study utilized repeated measures from cross-sectional population-based surveys of three-year old children (2014-2018). The final study population comprised of 9,099 children which was 61% of all the eligible children in Västerbotten County during the study period. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE) 36-month interval was used to measure children's social-emotional ability. Social inequalities were studied with respect to parents' income, education, and place of birth, for which data was obtained from Statistics Sweden. Multiple logistic and ordered regressions were used. RESULTS Among 3-year-olds, social-emotional problems were more common in the most vulnerable social groups, i.e. parents in the lowest income quintile (OR: 1.45, p < 0.001), parents with education not more than high school (OR: 1.51, p < 0.001), and both parents born outside Sweden (OR: 2.54, p < 0.001). Notably, there was a larger difference in social-emotional problems between the lowest and highest social categories for girls compared to boys. Higher odds of social-emotional problems were associated with boys not living with both parents and girls living in the areas of Skellefteå and Umeå, i.e. more populated geographical areas. CONCLUSION Already at 3-years of age social-emotional problems were more common in children with parents in the most vulnerable social groups. This does not fulfil the ambition of an equitable start in life for every child and might contribute to reproduction of social inequalities across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Vaezghasemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,CONTACT Masoud Vaezghasemi Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | | | - Marie Lindkvist
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Wolfgang Lohr
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anneli Ivarsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ge Q, Zhang L, Sun Z, Cai J, Jiang X, Wang H, Li X, Yu C, Xiao C, Liu Z. The mediation effect of vitamin A and vitamin D supplement in the association between serum vitamin K levels and musculoskeletal disorders in preschool children. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1239954. [PMID: 38188876 PMCID: PMC10766770 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1239954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin K deficiency may elevate the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), whereas it lacks validation for pediatric populations and has uncertain dose recommendations. In this context, we hypothesized that serum vitamin K levels are associated with MSD in preschool children, and the widely used vitamin A and vitamin D supplements may mediate these associations based on potential mechanisms, which expects to provide guidance for future practice. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sichuan province in southwestern China, from January 2021 to May 2022. Serum levels of vitamin K1/K2 and 25(OH)D were determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography method, and the diagnosis of MSD was executed by clinicians. Overall and stratified logistic regression analysis based on categorized 25(OH)D levels were conducted to assess association between serum vitamin K levels and MSD prevalence after adjusting for confounders. Mediation analysis was further performed and vitamin A and D supplementation was regressed as the mediator. Results A total of 6,368 children aged 0-6 years old were enrolled. MSD was identified in 1179 (18.51%) of the children, while 5,189 (81.49%) of them did not present such disorder. After adjusting confounders, a significant difference was found in serum vitamin K1 level between children in MSD and Non-MSD group (OR = 0.802, 95%CI 0.745-0.864). No significant difference was found in serum vitamin K2 level between the two groups (OR = 0.975, 95%CI 0.753-1.261). The association between vitamin K1 level and MSD prevalence was partly (36.8%) mediated by vitamin A and D supplementation. Conclusions A low serum vitamin K1 level is connected with an increased risk of MSD among children, highlighting that vitamin A and D supplementation is a helpful intervention to prevent MSD in children with vitamin K deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyue Ge
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeyuan Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiarui Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Child Health Care of Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxi Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang J, Wu R, Wei X, Chang YS, Tang X, Zhu B, Cao Y, Wu Y, Zhu D. Bidirectional Associations between Parental Feeding Practices and Child Eating Behaviors in a Chinese Sample. Nutrients 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 38201874 PMCID: PMC10780825 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child eating behaviors (CEBs) and parental feeding practices (PFPs) play critical roles in childhood obesity. However, the bidirectional relationships between CEBs and PFPs remain equivocal. This longitudinal study aimed to explore their bidirectional relationships. METHODS A convenience sample of 870 parents with preschoolers was recruited in this longitudinal study (Shanghai, China). Three non-responsive feeding practices (NFPs), three responsive feeding practices (RFPs), five CEBs, and covariates were collected using validated questionnaires at baseline and the 6-month follow-up. Cross-lagged analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed to examine their bidirectional relationships. RESULTS Eight hundred and fifty-three parents completed questionnaires, with a response rate of 98%. The mean age of their children at baseline was 4.39 years (standard deviation = 0.72 years). Eighteen out of sixty longitudinal cross-lagged paths were statistically significant. Parental encouragement of healthy eating and content-restricted feeding were found to be bidirectionally associated with child food fussiness. Four parent-driven associations and one child-driven association were identified between RFPs and CEBs. For example, monitoring was negatively associated with children's unhealthy eating habits (β = -0.066, standard error (SE) = 0.025, p < 0.01). Eight child-driven associations and one parent-driven association were observed between NFPs and CEBs. For example, higher child satiety responsiveness predicted a higher pressure to eat (β = 0.057, SE = 0.029, p < 0.01) and the use of food as a reward (β = 0.083, SE = 0.031, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There were bidirectional, parent-driven, and child-driven associations. Parents should be encouraged to adopt RFPs to shape CEBs. Increasing parents' understanding of CEBs and providing them with reasonable coping strategies would help optimize PFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.W.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (B.Z.)
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London SE1 8WA, UK;
| | - Ruxing Wu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.W.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxue Wei
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.W.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yan-Shing Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London SE1 8WA, UK;
| | - Xianqing Tang
- Department of Children’s Disease Prevention, Jinyang Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 200136, China;
| | - Bingqian Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.W.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden;
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yinghui Wu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.W.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Daqiao Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.W.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (B.Z.)
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Qu S, Yang M, He W, Xie H, Zhou M, Campy KS, Tao X. Determinants of parental self-reported uptake of influenza vaccination in preschool children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2268392. [PMID: 37964617 PMCID: PMC10653755 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2268392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, the coverage rate of influenza vaccination among the general population is significantly lower than that of high-income countries, with only 2.46% of the population vaccinated. Preschool-aged children are particularly susceptible to influenza viruses, yet the factors that influence parents' willingness to vaccinate their children are not well understood. To address this research gap, we developed a theoretical model grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), which explores six key factors influencing parental self-reported uptake of influenza vaccination in preschool children: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, knowledge, and behavioral intention. We collected data from 872 parents of children in five major cities in China and employed structural equation modeling to examine the significance of the theoretical model and explore the potential moderating effects of demographic variables on path relationships. Our analysis revealed that several positive factors influenced parents' intention of influenza vaccination for preschool children, including effort expectancy (β = 0.38), social influence (β = 0.17), and knowledge (β = 0.52). Facilitating conditions (β = 0.34), knowledge (β = 0.40), and behavioral intention (β = 0.34) were found to be associated with self-reported uptake. Furthermore, we observed significant moderating effects of the child's gender and age, as well as the guardian's category and income, on the theoretical models. Parents' willingness to vaccinate preschool children against influenza is influenced by both psychological and demographic variables. Further studies are needed to determine if these relationships persist over time and across different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Business Administration, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kathryn S. Campy
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xinyu Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Miller Itay MR, Turliuc MN. Who Will Save the Savior? The Relationship between Therapists' Secondary Traumatic Stress, Secondary Stress Self-Efficacy, and Attitudes toward Trauma-Informed Care. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1012. [PMID: 38131868 PMCID: PMC10740790 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapists who treat traumatized preschool children are vulnerable to secondary traumatic stress. This study investigates the relationship between therapists' attitudes toward trauma-informed care (TIC) and risk of secondary traumatic stress, with secondary traumatic self-efficacy as a mediating variable. Participants included Israeli social workers (N = 101) in preschool trauma frameworks, with 97.2% following trauma-informed care principles. The questionnaire combined three instruments: attitudes related to TIC (ARTIC), secondary traumatic stress (STS), and secondary traumatic stress efficacy (STSE). Therapists with less positive attitudes toward trauma-informed care showed higher levels of secondary traumatic stress (r[99] = -0.23, p = 0.019), while more positive attitudes predicted higher levels of secondary traumatic stress efficacy (r[99] = 40, p < 0.001). Secondary traumatic self-efficacy mediated the relationship between attitudes toward trauma-informed care and secondary traumatic stress (z = 2.72, p = 0.006). Therapists' secondary traumatic stress may be reduced by improving positive attitudes toward trauma-informed care and enhancing their secondary traumatic self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rivka Miller Itay
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, 700506 Iaşi, Romania;
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Kattein E, Schmidt H, Witt S, Jörren HL, Menrath I, Rumpf HJ, Wartberg L, Pawils S. Increased Digital Media Use in Preschool Children: Exploring the Links with Parental Stress and Their Problematic Media Use. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1921. [PMID: 38136123 PMCID: PMC10742172 DOI: 10.3390/children10121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intense or problematic media use behavior of parents could serve as a role model for their children's media use behavior. So far, knowledge is scarce about increased children's media use (ICMU) and its association with parental stress (PS) and problematic parental media use (PPMU). METHODS ICMU was examined using a modified set of the DSM-5 criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder. PS was assessed via the widely used Parenting Stress Index, and PPMU was assessed using the Short Compulsive Internet Use Scale. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the links between ICMU, PS, and PPMU. A mediation analysis was performed to examine if PPMU mediated the relationship between PS and ICMU. RESULTS In sum, 809 parents (M = 36.89 years; SD = 4.87; 81.4% female) of preschool children (average age: 44.75 months, SD = 13.68) participated in the study. ICMU was statistically significantly related to higher age of the parent, greater PPMU, and higher PS. Furthermore, we found that the association between PS and ICMU was partially mediated by PPMU. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that more pronounced PS and PPMU are associated with ICMU, highlighting the necessity of considering these parental variables when developing early prevention strategies for preschool-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kattein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hannah Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefanie Witt
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Lea Jörren
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingo Menrath
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lutz Wartberg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Pawils
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Nikolaeva EI, Kalabina IA, Progackaya TK, Ivanova EV. Ground Rules for Preschooler Exposure to the Digital Environment: A Review of Studies. Psychol Russ 2023; 16:37-54. [PMID: 38162805 PMCID: PMC10755961 DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The range of digital technologies that children use from an early age has expanded significantly. Most studies demonstrate that preschoolers now spend substantially longer on digital devices and start using them at a younger age. Finding a solution for this challenge has research merits and relevance, as the data on benefits and harm of early preschoolers' exposure to digital devices is contradictory. This poses a need to determine theoretically sound and practically validated criteria that could guide the duration and quality of children's exposure to the digital environment. Objective To review studies that contain recommendations on preschoolers' exposure to the digital environment, namely, exposure limits and evidence to justify the limitation of preschoolers' time on digital media. Design The analysis starts by identifying theoretical foundations that researchers use in their studies of children's behavior in the digital environment. This is followed by an overview of 40 studies that include research papers, official reports, and methodological recommendations made by healthcare and governmental organizations. Results The review identified the following ground rules for children's exposure to the digital environment: to provide for child's interaction with a digital device, to use educational applications that will develop skills appropriate to the child's age, to ensure mandatory supervision of children's engagement by an adult who limits the exposure according to child's age-related capabilities and creates conditions for active exploration of the real rather than a virtual world. Children's cognitive development suffers the most from passive intake of digital content. Conclusion The data herein can help to develop strategies to promote healthy and educational engagement of children with digital devices and media; however, the review highlights the insufficiency of psychophysiological research that would make it possible to practically validate the recommendations on the duration of preschoolers' exposure to the digital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inna A. Kalabina
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Descarpentrie A, Calas L, Cornet M, Heude B, Charles MA, Avraam D, Brescianini S, Cadman T, Elhakeem A, Fernández-Barrés S, Harris JR, Inskip H, Julvez J, Llop S, Margetaki K, Maritano S, Nader JLT, Roumeliotaki T, Salika T, Subiza-Pérez M, Vafeiadi M, Vrijheid M, Wright J, Yang T, Dargent-Molina P, Lioret S. Lifestyle patterns in European preschoolers: Associations with socio-demographic factors and body mass index. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13079. [PMID: 37795656 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy balance-related behaviours (EBRBs), that is, dietary intake, screen, outdoor play and sleep, tend to combine into 'lifestyle patterns', with potential synergistic influences on health. To date, studies addressing this theme mainly focused on school children and rarely accounted for sleep, with a cross-country perspective. OBJECTIVES We aimed at comparing lifestyle patterns among preschool-aged children across Europe, their associations with socio-demographic factors and their links with body mass index (BMI). METHODS Harmonized data on 2-5-year-olds participating in nine European birth cohorts from the EU Child Cohort Network were used (EBRBs, socio-demographics and anthropometrics). Principal component analysis and multivariable linear and logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS The most consistent pattern identified across cohorts was defined by at least three of the following EBRBs: discretionary consumption, high screen time, low outdoor play time and low sleep duration. Consistently, children from low-income households and born to mothers with low education level had higher scores on this pattern compared to their socioeconomically advantaged counterparts. Furthermore, it was associated with higher BMI z-scores in the Spanish and Italian cohorts (β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.02; 0.10], both studies). CONCLUSION These findings may be valuable in informing early multi-behavioural interventions aimed at reducing social inequalities in health at a European scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Descarpentrie
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Lucinda Calas
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Maxime Cornet
- Télécom-Paris, Département SES, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Demetris Avraam
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sonia Brescianini
- Centre of Behavioral Science and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Tim Cadman
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer R Harris
- Centre for Fertility and Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hazel Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Silvia Maritano
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Pavia PV, Italy
| | - Johanna Lucia Thorbjornsrud Nader
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodosia Salika
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mikel Subiza-Pérez
- CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Tiffany Yang
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Patricia Dargent-Molina
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
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Salonen J, Slama S, Haavisto A, Rosenqvist J. A comparison of WPPSI-IV performance between Finland-Swedish minority children and the Scandinavian test norms: Findings from The FinSwed Study. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:943-952. [PMID: 37989556 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Swedish Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) is commonly used for assessing young children belonging to the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland (Finland-Swedes), but there is no information about the generalizability of this test and its norms to this minority. Cross-cultural comparisons of WPPSI-IV are also scarce. We compared the performance of Finland-Swedish children to the Scandinavian norms of the Swedish WPPSI-IV and explored the relationship between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, parental education level, bilingualism) and the performance. METHOD The Swedish WPPSI-IV was administered to 79 typically developing 5-6-year-old Finland-Swedish children assessed for The FinSwed Study. Their performance was compared to the Scandinavian norms using MANOVA, t-test, and confidence interval comparisons. Associations with sociodemographic variables were explored using regression analyses. RESULTS Finland-Swedish children performed, on average, 1/3 SD higher than the Scandinavian norms, a difference which was statistically significant with medium-sized effects. However, individual subtests and indexes did not differ significantly from the norms. Significant associations with sociodemographic factors were found for some but not all index scores. CONCLUSIONS This study provides clinically important information for using the Swedish WPPSI-IV with the Finland-Swedish minority and demonstrates aspects that clinicians working with this minority should take into account. The results are presumably partly explained by characteristics of the present sample, and partly by cultural and linguistic differences between the Finland-Swedish population and the Scandinavian countries. The findings also illustrate that cross-cultural differences in cognitive performance may be present even between similar cultures with the same language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannika Salonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Child Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Slama
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Terveystalo, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Haavisto
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rosenqvist
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Neuropsychology, HUS Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Mehiläinen Therapy Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
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Terashi Y, Kim CK, Callaway Z, Park JS, Yoshihara S, Kato M, Yoshihara S. Natural history of eosinophil‑derived neurotoxin levels and the onset of allergic airway disease in preschool children. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:565. [PMID: 37954115 PMCID: PMC10632952 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
'Atopic march' is the progression of allergic conditions through infancy and childhood. The present study investigated the association between blood eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) levels in preschool children with food allergy (FA) or atopic dermatitis (AD) and the onset of allergic airway disease [bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhinitis (AR)]. A total of 123 children below the age of 1 year were enrolled in the present study, along with controls (n=37). Blood specimens were taken, serum EDN levels were measured and immunoglobulin E was quantified. Finally, a total of 86 subjects were analyzed. EDN values were measured at 3 time-points: before 1 year of age, before 2 years of age and before 3 years of age. The EDN levels were initially similar between those patients who did and those who did not develop allergic airway disease but then markedly diverged at the 2-year time-point (226.6 vs. 65.0 ng/ml; P<0.01) and remained divergent at the 3-year time-point (173.9 vs. 62.7 ng/ml; P<0.01). EDN levels prior to diagnosis were compared between the two groups and they were much higher in the Onset group (n=10) compared to the Non-onset group (n=67) (171.2±34.28 vs. 81.3±10.02 ng/ml; P=0.003), with 4 cases of BA and 6 cases of AR in the Onset group. After diagnosis, EDN levels were compared twice: i) At 1 and 2 years of age; and ii) 1 and 3 years of age. A significant difference was found only in the comparison at 2 years (P=0.001). In conclusion, young children with elevated EDN levels during the FA/AD disease period were more likely to develop allergic airway disease (BA, AR) in their first three years of life. A factor leading to this progression may be increased eosinophil activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Terashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Chang-Keun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Zak Callaway
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinya Yoshihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Masaya Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Shigemi Yoshihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
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Sabel N, Ylander LO, Ståhlberg SE, Robertson A. Dental caries and oral health-related quality of life in Preschoolers - introducing the Swedish version of the early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS). Acta Odontol Scand 2023:1-7. [PMID: 38032108 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2287235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Experience of caries has a clearly negative impact on the quality of life in preschool children. The instrument Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) measures the oral health-related quality of life in preschool children (Child Impact Section) and their families (Family Impact Section). The aims of the study were to develop a Swedish version of ECOHIS and to evaluate the instrument's reliability, validity, and internal consistency. Additionally, to analyse the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among preschool children who have experienced caries.Methods: The original ECOHIS questionnaire was translated into Swedish. Caregivers of preschool children aged 2-5 years were recruited at dental clinics in Sweden, to participate in the study and answer the Swedish version of the ECOHIS (S-ECOHIS). The internal consistency and reliability were assessed by using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. In order to measure the consistency of the study, the questionnaire was re-tested two weeks later for 10 of the caregivers and assessed by using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). The results from S-ECOHIS were described as descriptive data and independent t-test was performed. All data were calculated using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).Results: S-ECOHIS was developed by translating the original English version using a double-blinded technique. A total of 274 caregivers participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.84 for S-ECOHIS, 0.83 for CIS, and 0.66 for FIS. The ICC was 0.95 for the test-retest of S-ECOHIS. Among the respondents, 117 (43%) had children diagnosed with caries, while 157 (57%) had children without caries. The children with caries reported a higher total score of 5.97 (SD 6.16) of S-ECOHIS, compared to the score of the non-caries children 0.77 (SD 1.38) (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The Swedish version of ECOHIS that was developed demonstrates good validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency. The findings show that the oral health-related quality of life is adversely affected in preschool children with caries, with particular vulnerability observed among children with untreated caries. These results indicate that S-ECOHIS is suitable for use in future clinical and research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sabel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Olivia Ylander
- Folktandvården Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Sandra Elizabeth Ståhlberg
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Robertson
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gunasinghe KAMM, Wijesinghe MSD, Ratnayake NC. Determinants of Early Childhood Caries and their interactions: A Structural Equation Modelling approach. Community Dent Health 2023; 40:227-232. [PMID: 37721552 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00017gunasinghe06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early Childhood Caries (ECC) has been common among preschoolers in Sri Lanka over decades. A broad spectrum of determinants that act upon different levels is responsible for its development. Therefore, the relationships among these determinants should be studied extensively to control ECC. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study with multistage cluster sampling. SETTING Registered preschools in Gampaha District. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1038 three to four-year-olds and their mothers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Direct, indirect, and total effects of the determinants of ECC in structural equation models. RESULTS Sweet consumption had direct effects from permissive parenting (β=0.26, p=0.00) and the sweet consumption behaviour of the family (β=0.17, p=0.01). Oral hygiene behaviours had direct effects from permissive parenting (β=-0.46, p=0.00) and maternal oral health related self-efficacy (β=0.23, p=0.00). The dental attendance pattern had total effects from knowledge (β=0.18, p=0.00) and permissive parenting (β=-0.16, p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS Parenting style, family sweet consumption behaviour and maternal oral health related self-efficacy were the most influential second-line determinants that affected oral health behaviours: sweet consumption, oral hygiene, and dental attendance pattern for the development of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N C Ratnayake
- Provincial Director of Health Services Office, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka
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Hammrich CM, Götz S, Daseking M, Weyers S. Does the Association between Preschool Media Use and Language Difficulties at School Entry Vary by First Language of the Child and Parental Education? Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1848. [PMID: 38136050 PMCID: PMC10741467 DOI: 10.3390/children10121848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both media use and social background affect children's language development. The aim of this study was to explore the association between media use and different aspects of language difficulties (grammar, auditory memory, articulation) and social background (first language (FL), parental education (PE)) in more detail. METHODS We analyzed data from 4015 children from the 2013/14 school entry examination in a Western German city. Media use, FL, and PE were assessed by social history, and language difficulties by sociopediatric screening. We calculated Prevalence Ratios with a 95% Confidence Interval for language difficulties by media use and FL/PE; compared models with and without interaction terms; and estimated the predicted prevalence of language difficulties by media use and FL/PE. RESULTS Children with non-German FL/low PE had a higher media use and more language difficulties. However, the gradual association between media use and grammatical abilities/recommendation of training was more pronounced in children with German FL and medium/high PE. e.g., especially in the preposition subtest. CONCLUSIONS The association between media use and language difficulties varies regarding different aspects of social background and language difficulties. Still, extensive media use is linked with language difficulties for all children. The media competence of young families remains crucial in times of digitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Maria Hammrich
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Simon Götz
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Monika Daseking
- Educational Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Simone Weyers
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.M.H.); (S.G.)
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Hails KA, Wellen BC, Simoni M, Gaultney WM, Petts RA, Hostutler CA, Riley AR. Parents' Preferences for Primary Care-Based Behavioral Services and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Method Study. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:879-892. [PMID: 37369014 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined how family factors impacted parents' attitudes toward integrated behavioral health (IBH) in pediatric primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that COVID-19 impact would predict family functioning challenges, and that pre-existing familial contextual factors would predict parents' interest in IBH modalities. METHODS Parents of children ages 1.5-5 years (N = 301) from five primary care clinics completed a survey with measures assessing familial contextual factors (income, race and ethnicity, and parents' childhood adversity), COVID-19 impact on family relationships and wellbeing, family functioning (child behavior, parenting self-efficacy, and parent psychological functioning), and parents' preferences for behavioral support in primary care. A subsample of parents (n = 23) completed qualitative interviews to provide deeper insights into quantitative relationships. RESULTS Higher COVID-19 impact was significantly associated with worse parent mental health and child behavior problems, as well as lower interest in IBH virtual support options. Overall, lower SES and racial and/or ethnic minority parents both indicated greater interest in IBH modalities compared to higher SES and White parents, respectively. Qualitative interviews identified how pandemic stressors led to increases in parents' desire for behavioral support from pediatricians, with parents sharing perspectives on the nature of support they desired, including proactive communication from providers and variety and flexibility in the behavioral supports offered. CONCLUSIONS Findings have important implications for the provision of behavioral supports for families in primary care, underlying the need to increase parents' access to IBH services by proactively providing evidence-based resources and continuing to offer telehealth support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brianna C Wellen
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, USA
| | - Marisa Simoni
- Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Wendy M Gaultney
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - Rachel A Petts
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, USA
| | - Cody A Hostutler
- Department of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Andrew R Riley
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, USA
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Hu T, Liu S, Zhan J, Xu L, Zhou Y. Association between parents' concerns about eating and sleeping problems and social-emotional development in Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1264219. [PMID: 38045964 PMCID: PMC10693409 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1264219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parents' parenting beliefs have a major influence on their children's eating and sleeping problems and emotional socialization. However, the relationship between parent's concerns about eating or sleeping problems and social-emotional development is unclear. Methods We used a convenience sampling method to investigate 997 parents of preschool children aged 3 to 6 in Hangzhou, China, and asked them to complete the "Ages & Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (2nd Edition)" (ASQ: SE-2) and the Survey of Concerns about Children's Eating and Sleeping Problems. To examine the relationship between children's social-emotional development and their parents' concerns about their eating or sleeping problems, binary logistic regression was used. Results There were 218 children (21.9%) with a suspected social-emotional development delay, and 273 parents (27.4%) were concerned about their children's eating or sleeping problems, which mainly focused on ill-balanced eating, bad eating habits, and difficulty falling asleep. The rate of suspected social-emotional development delay in children with the co-occurrence of eating and sleeping problems (37.8%) was significantly higher than those with only eating problems (29.7%), only sleeping problems (24.4%), and those with no eating or sleeping problems (18.8%) (p < 0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that parents' concerns about the co-occurrence of eating and sleeping problems (OR = 2.52, p = 0.01) and only eating problems (OR = 1.71, p = 0.004) were risk factors for children's social-emotional development. In addition, boys were more likely than girls to have suspected social-emotional development delay (OR = 1.49, p = 0.01). Conclusion Children whose parents were concerned about only eating or the co-occurrence of eating and sleeping problems were linked to have a higher risk of suspected social-emotional development delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxi Hu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoying Liu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhan
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luxin Xu
- Hangzhou Qiantang Lingyun Kindergarten, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- Hangzhou Qiantang Xinghua Kindergarten, Hangzhou, China
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Lin Z, Zhou Z, Zhu L, Wu W. Parenting styles, empathy and aggressive behavior in preschool children: an examination of mediating mechanisms. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1243623. [PMID: 38046118 PMCID: PMC10693347 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examined the interplay between parenting styles, empathy, and aggressive behavior in Chinese preschool children aged 3-5 years. Methods Data were collected from 87 participants using the Child Behavior Checklist, Children's Empathy Quotient, and Parenting Style Questionnaire, and were subsequently analyzed. Results The findings revealed significant age and gender differences in empathy, but not in parenting styles or aggressive behavior. Additionally, a substantial correlation was identified between authoritarian parenting style and aggressive behavior, as well as between children's empathy levels and aggressive behavior. This indicates that empathy may act as a mediator between parenting style and aggressive behavior. Discussion Our findings suggest that an authoritarian parenting style influences aggressive behavior both directly and indirectly through its effect on children's empathy. These results point toward the possibility that an authoritarian parenting style may stifle the development of empathy in preschool children, subsequently heightening their aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Lin
- Department of Psychology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziqian Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Weige Wu
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, China
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Hao L, Fan Y, Zhang X, Rong X, Sun Y, Liu K. Functional physical training improves fitness and cognitive development in 4~5 years old children. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1266216. [PMID: 38034291 PMCID: PMC10684932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1266216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of physical and cognitive function is very critical in 4~5 years children. It has been addressed in this research if the 18 weeks of specific functional training with or without cognitive training can be effective on improving fitness and cognitive development in 4~5 years preschool children. Methods A total of 126 preschool children in the 4~5 age range were selected as participants and randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control group (C), the functional physical training group (P), the cognitive training group (CT), and the functional physical training combined with cognitive training group (PCT). Results The results revealed significant pre/post differences in body height and weight among all four groups of children. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in physical fitness between the C group and the CT group after the intervention. However, the children in the P group and the PCT group showed significant improvements in three indicators including standing long jump, continuous jump, and 10-meter shuttle running. Additionally, the children in P group, CT group, and the PCT group demonstrated significant improvement in simple reaction time, attention, and spatial memory. No significant cognitive improvement was found in C group. Conclusion Functional physical training with or without cognitive intervention can promote both physical fitness and cognitive development in children aged 4~5 years. Cognitive training alone can significantly improve cognitive function but not physical. Therefore, functional physical training can be used alone to improve the physical and cognitive abilities for aged 4~5 years old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhao Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjiang Rong
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Youping Sun
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Brain Peace Science Foundation, New Haven, CT, United States
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Al-buobayd AA, Al-Otaibi HH, Farag HAS. Association of Maternal Feeding Style with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Saudi Preschoolers: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4735. [PMID: 38004129 PMCID: PMC10674286 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental feeding style (PFS) remarkably influences fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption in preschoolers. This study aimed to determine the association between PFS and preschoolers' F&V consumption, as influenced by socioeconomic factors. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted among 1418 mothers of children aged 3-5 years in Saudi Arabia. Multinomial logistic regression model analysis was performed to assess the association between PFS and children's daily F&V intake using the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire. The influence of socioeconomic factors on this association was also evaluated. For mothers with university degrees, encouragement, emotional, and instrumental feeding enhanced their children's intake of F&Vs, fruits, and vegetables, respectively. Children from families earning SAR >10,000 monthly had increased F&V intake with encouragement feeding and increased fruit intake with emotional feeding. However, F&V intake was reduced in children of working mothers with controlling feeding styles. Breastfeeding for <6 months was associated with increased F&V intake through emotional feeding. The most prevalent feeding style was encouragement, followed by emotional, with control and instrumental styles being less common. This study provides strong evidence on the association between PFS and daily F&V intake in Saudi preschoolers. Interventional and longitudinal studies on PFS are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Hazam Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-b.); (H.A.S.F.)
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Gomes AI, Pereira AI, Nogueira PC, Barros L. Development of a New Questionnaire to Assess Parental Perceived Barriers When Promoting Healthy Eating Habits in Young Children: First Findings. Nutrients 2023; 15:4672. [PMID: 37960325 PMCID: PMC10648735 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Social cognitive models suggest a crucial role played by perceived barriers in promoting healthy behaviors, including healthy eating. We aimed to develop a new questionnaire to assess parental perceived barriers to healthy feeding in young children and perform the instrument's preliminary psychometric evaluation. The initial pool of items was developed based on reviews and qualitative studies. First, we conducted an online, descriptive, cross-sectional study with 278 parents of 2-6-year-old children to examine its factorial structure and internal consistency. Then, a second study with 168 parents from a similar population assessed convergent/discriminant and known-groups validity. The exploratory factorial analysis confirmed the scale's theoretical structure. Five scales were found: Child-Related Barriers, Parent-Related Barriers-Vegetables and Fruit, Parent-Related Barriers-Added Sugars, Social Context-Related Barriers, and Cost-Related Barriers. All scales presented adequate reliability. We found weak to moderate, negative, and significant correlations between child- and parent-related barriers regarding vegetables and fruits, feeding practices to promote children's eating self-regulation, and food parenting self-efficacy. Additionally, parents who perceived their children as easy and well-regulated reported significantly fewer child-related barriers than parents with poorly self-regulated and inhibited children. The results support the instrument's preliminary psychometric adequacy regarding its validity and reliability and corroborate earlier empirical studies about the main parental barriers when promoting young children's healthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Gomes
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana Isabel Pereira
- CICPSI, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.I.P.); (L.B.)
| | | | - Luísa Barros
- CICPSI, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.I.P.); (L.B.)
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Huang H, Li X, Deng Y, San S, Qiu D, Guo X, Xu L, Li Y, Zhang H, Li Y. The Association between Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Respiratory Tract Infections in Preschool Children: A Wuhan Cohort Study. Toxics 2023; 11:897. [PMID: 37999549 PMCID: PMC10674762 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the association between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the incidence and frequency of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in preschool children. We selected 527 mother-infant pairs from Wuhan Healthy Baby Cohort (WHBC), China. Ten PFASs were measured in umbilical cord serum, and we collected data on common RTIs in preschool children aged 4 years through a questionnaire. Associations of single PFASs with the incidence and frequency of RTIs were analyzed via Logistic regression and Poisson regression, while the collective effect was assessed by weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Furthermore, stratified and interaction analyses were performed to evaluate if there were sex-specific associations. We found a positive correlation between perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) and the incidence of tonsillitis, with several PFASs also showing positive associations with its frequency. Moreover, perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) showed a positive link with the frequency of common cold. The results of WQS regression revealed that after adjusting for other covariates, PFASs mixture showed a positive association with the incidence of tonsillitis, the frequency of common cold, and episodes. In particular, perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), PFDoDA, PFTrDA, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and 8:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (8:2 Cl-PFESA) had the most significant impact on this combined effect. The results suggest that both single and mixed exposures to PFASs may cause RTIs in preschool children. However, there was no statistically significant interaction between different PFASs and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Huang
- School of Medicine and Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (H.H.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Yican Deng
- School of Medicine and Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (H.H.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Siyi San
- School of Medicine and Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (H.H.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Dongmei Qiu
- School of Medicine and Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (H.H.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.G.); (L.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lingyun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.G.); (L.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.G.); (L.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongling Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (H.H.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
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50
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Ahlström SW, Almqvist L, Janeslätt G, Gustavsson C, Harder M. The experiences and the meaning of using MyTime in the preschool context from the perspective of children in need of special support, 5-6 years of age. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:1096-1103. [PMID: 37060175 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in need of special support often display delays in time processing ability, affecting everyday functioning. MyTime is an intervention programme for systematic training of time processing ability. To support preschool children's development of time processing ability and everyday functioning, it is necessary to include their perspectives of the MyTime intervention programme. A previous study shows that MyTime is feasible with children in the preschool setting and shows positive effects on time processing ability for older children in special schools. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how preschool children experience the intervention programme and how they understand its meaning. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and the meaning of using MyTime from the perspective of children with informal needs of special support (INS) 5-6 years of age in the preschool context. METHODS To explore the children's perspectives, video-recorded interviews with 21 children were analysed hermeneutically. To facilitate the interview situation with the children in need of special support, the Talking Mats© was used. Both body and spoken languages were analysed. RESULTS The results reveal children as active participants, willing to share their experiences of using the MyTime intervention in the preschool context. The conceptualization of the children's experiences and expressions uncovers their meaning of using the MyTime intervention as to know and to understand time by doing. CONCLUSIONS When children are given the opportunity to use concrete tools to understand and measure time, they experience themselves as active participants involved and engaged in the intervention. They reveal meaningful experiences to be able to manage time that facilitate their everyday functioning and participation in the preschool context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wallin Ahlström
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare (HVV), Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
- Habilitation Center in Falun, Dalarna, Sweden
| | - Lena Almqvist
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare (HVV), Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Janeslätt
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
- Habilitation Center in Falun, Dalarna, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Disability and Habilitation, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catharina Gustavsson
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Harder
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare (HVV), Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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