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Rønne ST, Hansen AB, Zabell V, Santos M, Olsen MW, Iversen PB, Tarnow L, Holt RIG. The Fusion Clinic: Integrating the care of people with severe mental illness and diabetes. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15255. [PMID: 37915229 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM People with coexisting severe mental illness (SMI) and type 2 diabetes have a shorter life expectancy and poorer diabetes outcomes than those without SMI. This is partly explained by the separate treatment of diabetes and SMI, which occurs in parallel silos in many healthcare systems. The Steno Diabetes Center Sjaelland and Region Zealand established the Fusion Clinic to offer combined psychiatric and diabetes care delivered by both diabetes and mental healthcare professionals. This study describes how the clinic was established and the initial diabetes outcomes. METHODS The Fusion Clinic was co-designed by people with diabetes and SMI and healthcare professionals to improve the care of adults with diabetes and SMI. The clinic approach utilised the F-ACT model. The 63 people referred to the Fusion Clinic between 01.02.2020 and 01.01.2022 who attended the clinic for more than 6 months were included in this study. Diabetes outcomes were recorded in the electronic medical records (Sundhedsplatformen EPIC). RESULTS There was a high prevalence of diabetes complications at baseline. Furthermore, 70% had one or more additional concomitant diseases, as well as SMI and diabetes. Assessment of diabetes complications and measurements of HbA1c and lipid profile improved after referral to the clinic. HbA1c declined during the first 6 months of attendance at the clinic. CONCLUSIONS This model of service delivery has the potential to improve the quality of care for people with SMI and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne B Hansen
- Regional Unit, Steno Diabetes Center Sjaelland, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Vicki Zabell
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry West, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Monica Santos
- The Fusion Clinic, Psychiatry West, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lise Tarnow
- Regional Unit, Steno Diabetes Center Sjaelland, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Richard I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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2
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Kim S, Currao A, Brown E, Milberg WP, Fortier CB. Importance of validity testing in psychiatric assessment: evidence from a sample of multimorbid post-9/11 veterans. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:410-419. [PMID: 38014547 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Performance validity (PVTs) and symptom validity tests (SVTs) are necessary components of neuropsychological testing to identify suboptimal performances and response bias that may impact diagnosis and treatment. The current study examined the clinical and functional characteristics of veterans who failed PVTs and the relationship between PVT and SVT failures. METHOD Five hundred and sixteen post-9/11 veterans participated in clinical interviews, neuropsychological testing, and several validity measures. RESULTS Veterans who failed 2+ PVTs performed significantly worse than veterans who failed one PVT in verbal memory (Cohen's d = .60-.69), processing speed (Cohen's d = .68), working memory (Cohen's d = .98), and visual memory (Cohen's d = .88-1.10). Individuals with 2+ PVT failures had greater posttraumatic stress (PTS; β = 0.16; p = .0002), and worse self-reported depression (β = 0.17; p = .0001), anxiety (β = 0.15; p = .0007), sleep (β = 0.10; p = .0233), and functional outcomes (β = 0.15; p = .0009) compared to veterans who passed PVTs. 7.8% veterans failed the SVT (Validity-10; ≥19 cutoff); Multiple PVT failures were significantly associated with Validity-10 failure at the ≥19 and ≥23 cutoffs (p's < .0012). The Validity-10 had moderate correspondence in predicting 2+ PVTs failures (AUC = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.76, 0.91). CONCLUSION PVT failures are associated with psychiatric factors, but not traumatic brain injury (TBI). PVT failures predict SVT failure and vice versa. Standard care should include SVTs and PVTs in all clinical assessments, not just neuropsychological assessments, particularly in clinically complex populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Kim
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa Currao
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Brown
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William P Milberg
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine B Fortier
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Gu C, Chou T, Widge AS, Dougherty DD. EEG complexity in emotion conflict task in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Behav Brain Res 2024:114997. [PMID: 38621461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing EEG complexity may help to elucidate complex brain dynamics in individuals with psychiatric disorders and provide insight into neural connectivity and its relationship with deficits such as emotion-related impulsivity. EEG complexity was calculated through multiscale entropy and compared between a heterogeneous psychiatric patient group and a healthy control group during the emotion conflict resolution task. Twenty-eight healthy adults and ten psychiatric patients were recruited and compared on the multiscale entropy of EEG acquired in the task. Our results revealed a lower multiscale entropy in the psychiatric patient group compared to the healthy group during the task. This decrease in multiscale entropy suggests reduced long-range interaction between the left frontal region and other brain regions during the emotion conflict resolution task among psychiatric patients. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between multiscale entropy and impulsivity measures in the psychiatric patient group, where the higher the EEG complexity during the emotion regulation task, the higher the level of self-reported impulsivity in the psychiatric patients. Such impulsivity was evident in both healthy individuals and psychiatric patients, with healthy individuals showing shorter reaction times on incongruent conditions compared to congruent conditions and psychiatric patients displaying similar reaction times in both conditions, This study highlights the significance of investigating EEG complexity and its potential applications in the transdiagnostic exploration of impulsivity in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Tina Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Alik S Widge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
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Schmalbach I, Witthöft M, Strauß B, Joraschky P, Petrowski K. The predictive value of cortisol in psychodynamic psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder: Extended results of the SOPHONET-Study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:188. [PMID: 38605013 PMCID: PMC11009385 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for anxiety disorders (AD), yet a vast majority of patients do not respond to therapy, necessitating the identification of predictors to enhance outcomes. Several studies have explored the relationship between stress response and treatment outcome, as a potential treatment mechanism. However, the latter remains under-researched in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). We studied N = 29 patients undergoing psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) within the SOPHONET-Study. Stress reactivity (i.e., area under the curve with respect to the increase; AUCi) was induced by a standardized psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test; TSST) and assessed by means of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), blood and salivary cortisol samples before (t1) treatment. Samples of these biomarkers were taken -1 min prior stress exposure and six more blood samples were collected post-TSST ( + 1, + 10, + 20, + 30, + 45, + 60 min.). The participants were diagnosed with SAD based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale as well as the Beck Depression Inventory before (t1) and after psychotherapy (t2). Pre-treatment stress reactivity significantly predicted changes in depression (salivary p < 0.001 and blood cortisol p = 0.001), as well as in avoidance behavior (blood cortisol p = 0.001). None of the biomarkers revealed significant results in fear or in the total LSAS-scores, except for ACTH with a trend finding (p = 0.06). Regarding therapy success, symptoms of social anxiety (p = 0.005) and depression (p < 0.001) were significantly reduced from pre (t1) to post-treatment (t2). Our study showed that stress reactivity pre-treatment may serve as a predictor of psychotherapy outcome. In this regard, alterations in stress response relate to changes in symptoms of social anxiety and depression after PDT. This implies that patients with chronic stress might benefit from a targeted interventions during psychotherapy, especially to manage fear in social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Schmalbach
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Strauß
- Institute for Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy & Psychooncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Joraschky
- University Medical Center Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Dresden University of Technology, Carl Gustav Carus Medical Faculty, Department of General Medicine/MK3, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Zhang KK, Matin R, Gorodetsky C, Ibrahim GM, Gouveia FV. Systematic review of rodent studies of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neurological, developmental and neuro psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38605027 PMCID: PMC11009311 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates local and widespread connectivity in dysfunctional networks. Positive results are observed in several patient populations; however, the precise mechanisms underlying treatment remain unknown. Translational DBS studies aim to answer these questions and provide knowledge for advancing the field. Here, we systematically review the literature on DBS studies involving models of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to provide a synthesis of the current scientific landscape surrounding this topic. A systematic analysis of the literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines. 407 original articles were included. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, including stimulation protocol, behavioural outcomes, and mechanisms of action. The number of articles published increased over the years, including 16 rat models and 13 mouse models of transgenic or healthy animals exposed to external factors to induce symptoms. Most studies targeted telencephalic structures with varying stimulation settings. Positive behavioural outcomes were reported in 85.8% of the included studies. In models of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, DBS-induced effects were associated with changes in monoamines and neuronal activity along the mesocorticolimbic circuit. For movement disorders, DBS improves symptoms via modulation of the striatal dopaminergic system. In dementia and epilepsy models, changes to cellular and molecular aspects of the hippocampus were shown to underlie symptom improvement. Despite limitations in translating findings from preclinical to clinical settings, rodent studies have contributed substantially to our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of disease and DBS mechanisms. Direct inhibition/excitation of neural activity, whereby DBS modulates pathological oscillatory activity within brain networks, is among the major theories of its mechanism. However, there remain fundamental questions on mechanisms, optimal targets and parameters that need to be better understood to improve this therapy and provide more individualized treatment according to the patient's predominant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Zhang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rafi Matin
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - George M Ibrahim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wagstaff C. Obsessive compulsive disorder: overview of the condition and its nursing management. Nurs Stand 2024:e12269. [PMID: 38584494 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2024.e12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex condition characterised by intrusive and distressing thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions). The symptoms of OCD cause significant distress and anxiety and can have a debilitating effect on a person's daily functioning. This article gives an overview of OCD, including its prevalence, aetiology, symptoms and treatment strategies, with the aim of enhancing nurses' understanding of the condition and its adverse effects on a person's life. The author also discusses some of the ways in which nurses in any setting can support a person with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wagstaff
- nursing, medical school, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, England
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Kong L, Zhang Y, Wu XM, Wang XX, Wu HS, Li SB, Chu MY, Wang Y, Lui SSY, Lv QY, Yi ZH, Chan RCK. Author Correction: The network characteristics in schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms: a multimodal fusion study. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2024; 10:43. [PMID: 38589443 PMCID: PMC11001972 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Kong
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Ming Wu
- Nantong Fourth People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Su Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai-Biao Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Yi Chu
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qin-Yu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Mental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Stade EC, Stirman SW, Ungar LH, Boland CL, Schwartz HA, Yaden DB, Sedoc J, DeRubeis RJ, Willer R, Eichstaedt JC. Large language models could change the future of behavioral healthcare: a proposal for responsible development and evaluation. Npj Ment Health Res 2024; 3:12. [PMID: 38609507 PMCID: PMC10987499 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) such as Open AI's GPT-4 (which power ChatGPT) and Google's Gemini, built on artificial intelligence, hold immense potential to support, augment, or even eventually automate psychotherapy. Enthusiasm about such applications is mounting in the field as well as industry. These developments promise to address insufficient mental healthcare system capacity and scale individual access to personalized treatments. However, clinical psychology is an uncommonly high stakes application domain for AI systems, as responsible and evidence-based therapy requires nuanced expertise. This paper provides a roadmap for the ambitious yet responsible application of clinical LLMs in psychotherapy. First, a technical overview of clinical LLMs is presented. Second, the stages of integration of LLMs into psychotherapy are discussed while highlighting parallels to the development of autonomous vehicle technology. Third, potential applications of LLMs in clinical care, training, and research are discussed, highlighting areas of risk given the complex nature of psychotherapy. Fourth, recommendations for the responsible development and evaluation of clinical LLMs are provided, which include centering clinical science, involving robust interdisciplinary collaboration, and attending to issues like assessment, risk detection, transparency, and bias. Lastly, a vision is outlined for how LLMs might enable a new generation of studies of evidence-based interventions at scale, and how these studies may challenge assumptions about psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Stade
- Dissemination and Training Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence & Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Shannon Wiltsey Stirman
- Dissemination and Training Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lyle H Ungar
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cody L Boland
- Dissemination and Training Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - H Andrew Schwartz
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David B Yaden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - João Sedoc
- Department of Technology, Operations, and Statistics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J DeRubeis
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robb Willer
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Johannes C Eichstaedt
- Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence & Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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9
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Maihofer AX, Ratanatharathorn A, Hemmings SMJ, Costenbader KH, Michopoulos V, Polimanti R, Rothbaum AO, Seedat S, Mikita EA, Smith AK, Salem RM, Shaffer RA, Wu T, Sebat J, Ressler KJ, Stein MB, Koenen KC, Wolf EJ, Sumner JA, Nievergelt CM. Effects of genetically predicted posttraumatic stress disorder on autoimmune phenotypes. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:172. [PMID: 38561342 PMCID: PMC10984931 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases risk for various autoimmune diseases. Insights into shared biology and causal relationships between these diseases may inform intervention approaches to PTSD and co-morbid autoimmune conditions. We investigated the shared genetic contributions and causal relationships between PTSD, 18 autoimmune diseases, and 3 immune/inflammatory biomarkers. Univariate MiXeR was used to contrast the genetic architectures of phenotypes. Genetic correlations were estimated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Bi-directional, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed using independent, genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms; inverse variance weighted and weighted median MR estimates were evaluated. Sensitivity analyses for uncorrelated (MR PRESSO) and correlated horizontal pleiotropy (CAUSE) were also performed. PTSD was considerably more polygenic (10,863 influential variants) than autoimmune diseases (median 255 influential variants). However, PTSD evidenced significant genetic correlation with nine autoimmune diseases and three inflammatory biomarkers. PTSD had putative causal effects on autoimmune thyroid disease (p = 0.00009) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 4.3 × 10-7). Inferences were not substantially altered by sensitivity analyses. Additionally, the PTSD-autoimmune thyroid disease association remained significant in multivariable MR analysis adjusted for genetically predicted inflammatory biomarkers as potential mechanistic pathway variables. No autoimmune disease had a significant causal effect on PTSD (all p values > 0.05). Although causal effect models were supported for associations of PTSD with CRP, shared pleiotropy was adequate to explain a putative causal effect of CRP on PTSD (p = 0.18). In summary, our results suggest a significant genetic overlap between PTSD, autoimmune diseases, and biomarkers of inflammation. PTSD has a putative causal effect on autoimmune thyroid disease, consistent with existing epidemiologic evidence. A previously reported causal effect of CRP on PTSD is potentially confounded by shared genetics. Together, results highlight the nuanced links between PTSD, autoimmune disorders, and associated inflammatory signatures, and suggest the importance of targeting related pathways to protect against disease and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew Ratanatharathorn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council/Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alex O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Research and Outcomes, Skyland Trail, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council/Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth A Mikita
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rany M Salem
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Shaffer
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tianying Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika J Wolf
- VA Boston Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Kim AT, Ding L, Lee HB, Ashbrook MJ, Ashrafi A, Wightman SC, Atay SM, David EA, Harano T, Kim AW. Longer hospitalizations, more complications, and greater readmissions for patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 167:1502-1511.e11. [PMID: 37245626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of comorbid psychiatric disorders (PSYD) on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2016 to 2018 was performed. Patients with lung cancer with and without psychiatric comorbidities who underwent pulmonary lobectomy were collated and analyzed (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders [F01-99]). The association of PSYD with complications, length of stay, and readmissions was assessed using a multivariable regression analysis. Additional subgroup analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 41,691 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 27.84% (11,605) of the patients had at least 1 PSYD. PSYD was associated with a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications (relative risk, 1.041; 95% CI, 1.015-1.068; P = .0018), pulmonary complications (relative risk, 1.125; 95% CI, 1.08-1.171; P < .0001), longer length of stay (PSYD mean, 6.79 days and non-PSYD mean, 5.68 days; P < .0001), higher 30-day readmission rate (9.2% vs 7.9%; P < .0001), and 90-day readmission rate (15.4% vs 12.9%; P < .007). Among patients with PSYD, those with cognitive disorders and psychotic disorders (eg, schizophrenia) appear to have the highest rates and risks of postoperative morbidity and in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS Patients with lung cancer with comorbid psychiatric disorders undergoing lobectomy experience worse postoperative outcomes with longer hospitalization, increased rates of overall and pulmonary complications, and greater readmissions suggesting potential opportunities for improved psychiatric care during the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Kim
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Li Ding
- Division of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Hochang B Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Matthew J Ashbrook
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Arman Ashrafi
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Sean C Wightman
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Scott M Atay
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Elizabeth A David
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Takashi Harano
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Anthony W Kim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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11
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Deng Z, Liu J, Gong H, Cai X, Xiao H, Gao W. Psychiatric disorders associated with PCSK9 inhibitors: A real-world, pharmacovigilance study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14522. [PMID: 37950531 PMCID: PMC11017405 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between Protein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) and psychiatric adverse events (AEs) remains unclear due to the limitations of clinical trials. In this study, PCSK9i-related psychiatric AEs were realistically observed and systematically summarized in the real world by data mining the FDA AE Reporting System (FAERS). METHOD Total AEs between the third quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2023 were obtained from FAERS. Psychiatric AEs were identified using disproportionality analysis and clinical prioritization of signals using a rating scale, followed by univariate logistic regression to explore factors influencing psychiatric AEs. RESULTS Psychiatric AEs accounted for 6.7% of the total number of PCSK9i reports. Eighteen psychiatric AEs were defined as PCSK9i-related psychiatric adverse events (ppAEs) (lower 95% CI of both ROR >1 and IC025 > 0). The median age of ppAE reports was 68 years, and female patients accounted for 22.67% of reports, including 41.40% of reports with a serious outcome. Eleven (61.11%) and seven (38.89%) ppAEs were classified as weak and moderate clinical priority, respectively. The median time to onset of ppAEs was 149 and 196 days after treatment with evolocumab and alirocumab, respectively. Patients weighing ≥80 kg were 1.59 times more likely to experience ppAEs. CONCLUSION The results of this study facilitate the prioritization of psychiatric AE signals by healthcare professionals with the goal of mitigating the risk of PCSK9i-related psychiatric AEs. However, as an exploratory study, our findings need to be confirmed in large-scale prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of WuhanTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of WuhanTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hongjian Gong
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital)Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaonan Cai
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital)Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital)Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenqi Gao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital)Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and TechnologyWuhanChina
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12
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Schwarcz R, Foo A, Sathyasaikumar KV, Notarangelo FM. The Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Preferentially Synthesizes Kynurenic Acid from Kynurenine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3679. [PMID: 38612489 PMCID: PMC11011989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is increasingly understood to play a role in neuropsychiatric disorders. The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri and products of tryptophan degradation, specifically the neuroactive kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA), have received special attention in this context. We, therefore, assessed relevant features of KP metabolism, namely, the cellular uptake of the pivotal metabolite kynurenine and its conversion to its primary products KYNA, 3-hydroxykynurenine and anthranilic acid in L. reuteri by incubating the bacteria in Hank's Balanced Salt solution in vitro. Kynurenine readily entered the bacterial cells and was preferentially converted to KYNA, which was promptly released into the extracellular milieu. De novo production of KYNA increased linearly with increasing concentrations of kynurenine (up to 1 mM) and bacteria (107 to 109 CFU/mL) and with incubation time (1-3 h). KYNA neosynthesis was blocked by two selective inhibitors of mammalian kynurenine aminotransferase II (PF-048559989 and BFF-122). In contrast to mammals, however, kynurenine uptake was not influenced by other substrates of the mammalian large neutral amino acid transporter, and KYNA production was not affected by the presumed competitive enzyme substrates (glutamine and α-aminoadipate). Taken together, these results reveal substantive qualitative differences between bacterial and mammalian KP metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schwarcz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; (A.F.); (K.V.S.)
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13
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Shi X, Li M, Yao J, Li MD, Yang Z. Alcohol drinking, DNA methylation and psychiatric disorders: A multi-omics Mendelian randomization study to investigate causal pathways. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38523595 DOI: 10.1111/add.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Whether alcohol-related DNA methylation has a causal effect on psychiatric disorders has not been investigated. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation into the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms linking alcohol consumption and psychiatric disorders has been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the causal effect of general alcohol intake and pathological drinking behaviors on psychiatric disorders, alcohol-associated DNA methylation on gene expression and psychiatric disorders, and gene expression on psychiatric disorders. DESIGN Two-sample design Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Various sensitivity and validation analyses, including colocalization analysis, were conducted to test the robustness of the results. SETTING Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data mainly from GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN), Genetics of DNA Methylation Consortium (GoDMC) and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) with European ancestry. PARTICIPANTS The GWAS summary data on general alcohol intake (drinks per week, n = 941 280), pathological drinking behaviors (including alcohol use disorder [AUD, n = 313 959] and problematic alcohol use [PAU, n = 435 563]) and psychiatric disorders (including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, n = 51 710-500 199) were included. Alcohol-related DNA methylation CpG sites (n = 9643) and mQTL data from blood (n = 27 750) and brain (n = 1160), BrainMeta v2 and GTEx V8 eQTL summary data (n = 73-2865) were also included. MEASUREMENTS Genetic variants were selected as instrumental variables for exposures, including drinks per week, AUD, PAU, alcohol-related DNA methylation CpG sites (mQTL) and genes selected (eQTL). FINDINGS Pathological drinking behaviors were associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders after removing outliers or controlling for alcohol consumption. MR analysis identified 10 alcohol-related CpG sites with colocalization evidence that were causally associated with psychiatric disorders (P = 1.65 × 10-4-7.52 × 10-22). Furthermore, the expression of genes (RERE, PTK6, GATAD2B, COG8, PDF and GAS5) mapped to these CpG sites in the brain, led by the cortex, were significantly associated with psychiatric disorders (P = 1.19 × 10-2-3.51 × 10-7). CONCLUSIONS Pathological drinking behavior and alcohol-related DNA methylation appear to have a causal effect on psychiatric disorders. The expression of genes regulated by the alcohol-related DNA methylation sites may underpin this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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da Silva Sabião T, Alves de Menezes-Júnior LA, Batista AP, Silva de Moura S, Meireles AL, Carvalho de Menezes M, Lins Machado-Coelho GL, Cardoso Carraro JC. Interaction between Fokl polymorphism and vitamin D deficiency in the symptoms of mental disorders in adults: a population-based study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6925. [PMID: 38519539 PMCID: PMC10960038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are intricate and multifaceted and encompass social, economic, environmental, and biological factors. This study aimed to explore the potential association between vitamin D deficiency and anxiety and depression symptoms in adults, considering the role of the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism FokI (rs2228570). This was a population-based cross-sectional study with stratified and cluster sampling, evaluating anxiety symptoms (AS) and depression symptoms (DS) in 1637 adults. Vitamin D levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence and were considered deficient when < 20 ng/mL in a healthy population or < 30 ng/mL in at-risk groups. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. The prevalence rates of AS, DS, and vitamin D deficiency were 23.5%, 15.8%, and 30.9%, respectively. No direct association was observed between vitamin D deficiency and AS or DS. However, interaction analysis revealed a combined effect of vitamin D deficiency and FokI for DS but not for AS. Individuals with vitamin deficiency and one or two copies of the altered allele of the FokI exhibited a higher prevalence of DS than individuals homozygous for the wild-type allele and vitamin D sufficiency. The interaction between vitamin D deficiency and the FokI polymorphism was associated with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís da Silva Sabião
- School of Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Research and Study Group on Nutrition and Public Health (GPENSC), Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior
- School of Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Research and Study Group on Nutrition and Public Health (GPENSC), Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Priscila Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Samara Silva de Moura
- School of Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Research and Study Group on Nutrition and Public Health (GPENSC), Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Research and Study Group on Nutrition and Public Health (GPENSC), School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carvalho de Menezes
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Research and Study Group on Nutrition and Public Health (GPENSC), School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
- Epidemiology Laboratory, Medical School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Research and Study Group on Nutrition and Public Health (GPENSC), School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
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15
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Gregorio FD, Battaglia S. The intricate brain-body interaction in psychiatric and neurological diseases. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2024; 33:0-0. [PMID: 38515256 DOI: 10.17219/acem/185689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A harmonic brain-body communication is fundamental to individual wellbeing and is the basis of human cognition and behavior. In the last 2 decades, the interaction between the brain and body functioning has become a central area of study for neurologists and neuroscientists in clinical and non-clinical contexts. Indeed, brain-body axis dysfunctions occur in many psychiatric, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. This editorial will focus on recent advances and future therapeutic perspectives for studying brain-body interactions in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gregorio
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Italy
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16
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Rohn TT, Radin D, Brandmeyer T, Seidler PG, Linder BJ, Lytle T, Mee JL, Macciardi F. Intranasal delivery of shRNA to knockdown the 5HT-2A receptor enhances memory and alleviates anxiety. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:154. [PMID: 38509093 PMCID: PMC10954635 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA), targeting knockdown of specific genes, hold enormous promise for precision-based therapeutics to treat numerous neurodegenerative disorders. However, whether shRNA constructed molecules can modify neuronal circuits underlying certain behaviors has not been explored. We designed shRNA to knockdown the human HTR2A gene in vitro using iPSC-differentiated neurons. Multi-electrode array (MEA) results showed that the knockdown of the 5HT-2A mRNA and receptor protein led to a decrease in spontaneous electrical activity. In vivo, intranasal delivery of AAV9 vectors containing shRNA resulted in a decrease in anxiety-like behavior in mice and a significant improvement in memory in both mice (104%) and rats (92%) compared to vehicle-treated animals. Our demonstration of a non-invasive shRNA delivery platform that can bypass the blood-brain barrier has broad implications for treating numerous neurological mental disorders. Specifically, targeting the HTR2A gene presents a novel therapeutic approach for treating chronic anxiety and age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy T Rohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
- Cognigenics Inc., 1372 S. Eagle Road, Suite 197, Eagle, ID, USA.
| | - Dean Radin
- Cognigenics Inc., 1372 S. Eagle Road, Suite 197, Eagle, ID, USA
| | | | - Peter G Seidler
- Cognigenics Inc., 1372 S. Eagle Road, Suite 197, Eagle, ID, USA
| | - Barry J Linder
- Cognigenics Inc., 1372 S. Eagle Road, Suite 197, Eagle, ID, USA
| | - Tom Lytle
- Cognigenics Inc., 1372 S. Eagle Road, Suite 197, Eagle, ID, USA
| | - John L Mee
- Cognigenics Inc., 1372 S. Eagle Road, Suite 197, Eagle, ID, USA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Cognigenics Inc., 1372 S. Eagle Road, Suite 197, Eagle, ID, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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17
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Seewer N, Skoko A, Käll A, Andersson G, Luhmann M, Berger T, Krieger T. Efficacy of an Internet-based self-help intervention with human guidance or automated messages to alleviate loneliness: a three-armed randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6569. [PMID: 38503870 PMCID: PMC10951227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is a prevalent and stigmatized phenomenon associated with adverse (mental) health outcomes. However, evidence-based interventions to alleviate loneliness are scarce. This randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov-ID: NCT04655196) evaluated the efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral self-help intervention (ICBT) to reduce loneliness by comparing two intervention groups with guidance or automated messages against a waitlist control group. Adults (N = 243) suffering from loneliness were recruited from the general public and then randomly assigned (2:2:1) to a 10-week ICBT with human guidance (GU) or automated messages (AM) or to a waitlist control group (WL). Loneliness, assessed with the UCLA-9, was the primary outcome. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 10 weeks (post) and analyzed using mixed-effects models. The pooled intervention conditions resulted in lower loneliness scores at post-assessment than the WL (Cohen's d = 0.57, 95% CI [0.25; 0.89]) and reduced depressive symptoms, social anxiety, social avoidance behavior, and rejection sensitivity (d = 0.32-0.52). The GU group had lower loneliness scores at post-assessment than the AM group (d = 0.42, 95% CI [0.13; 0.70]). ICBT effectively alleviated loneliness, and guidance increased the reduction in loneliness compared to automated messages. Alleviating loneliness with ICBT further seems to reduce the overall burden of psychopathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmi Seewer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andrej Skoko
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Käll
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, and Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, and Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 11763, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maike Luhmann
- Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Krieger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Mu X, Wu W, Wang S, Su X, Guan H, Guan X, Lu X, Li Z. Smoking affects symptom improvement in schizophrenia: a prospective longitudinal study of male patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2024; 10:34. [PMID: 38491003 PMCID: PMC10943037 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) smoke up to three times more than general people. However, there are conflicting results regarding the relationship between tobacco smoke and clinical symptom severity in SCZ. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of smoking on clinical symptoms after antipsychotic treatment in a 12-week cohort study after controlling for confounding factors. One hundred and forty-five male patients with drug-naïve first-episode (DNFE) SCZ received antipsychotic monotherapy for 12 weeks. Symptom severity was assessed at baseline and at week 12 by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). We found no differences in clinical symptoms among male smokers with SCZ compared with male nonsmokers. However, male smokers showed greater improvement in negative symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment, controlling for age, years of education, onset age, and baseline body mass index (BMI). Our study showed that after 12 weeks of treatment with antipsychotics, male smokers showed greater improvement in negative symptoms than male nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishu Mu
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuru Su
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | | | - Xiaoni Guan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Lu
- Department of Nutritional and Metabolic Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Nutritional and Metabolic Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Froeliger A, Deneux-Tharaux C, Loussert L, Madar H, Sentilhes L. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 2 Months After Cesarean Delivery: a Multicenter Prospective Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024:S0002-9378(24)00440-X. [PMID: 38494069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after cesarean delivery, outside high-risk contexts, remain unclear OBJECTIVE: To assess posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence and risk factors at 2 months postpartum among a general population of women with cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective ancillary cohort study of the Tranexamic Acid for Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage after Cesarean Delivery (TRAAP2) trial, conducted in 27 French hospitals in 2018-2020 and enrolling women expected to undergo cesarean delivery before or during labor at 34 or more weeks of gestation. After randomization, characteristics of the cesarean delivery and postpartum blood loss were prospectively collected. Two months after childbirth, posttraumatic stress disorder profile (presence of PTSD symptoms) and provisional diagnosis (positive screening for diagnosis consistent with a PTSD) were assessed by 2 self-administered questionnaires (Impact of Event Scale Revised (IESR) and Traumatic of Event Scale (TES)). The corrected posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence was estimated with inverse probability weighting to take nonresponse into account. Associations between potential risk factors and posttraumatic stress disorder were analyzed by multivariate logistic or linear regression modeling according to the type of dependent variable. RESULTS In all, 2785 of 4431 women returned the IES-R questionnaire and 2792 the TES (response rates of 62.9% and 63.0%). The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder profile was 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8-10.3%) and of provisional diagnosis 1.7% (95%CI 1.2-2.4%). Characteristics associated with a higher risk of posttraumatic stress disorder profile were prepregnancy vulnerability factors - young age, high BMI and Africa-born migrant - and cesarean-related obstetric factors - cesarean delivery after induced labor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.81, 95%CI 1.14-2.87), postpartum hemorrhage (aOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.04-2.46) and high intensity pain during the postpartum stay (aOR 1.90, 95%CI 1.17-3.11). Women who had immediate skin-to-skin contact with their newborn were at lower risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (aOR 0.66, 95%CI 0.46-0.98), and women with bad memories of delivery on day 2 postpartum at higher risk (aOR 3.20, 95%CI 1.97-5.12). The IES-R and the TES scales yielded consistent results CONCLUSIONS: Around one in 11 women with cesarean deliveries had posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at 2 months postpartum. Some obstetric interventions and components of cesarean management may influence this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Froeliger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France; Université Paris Cité, Women's Health IHM, Perinatal Obstetrical and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Center for Research on Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Catherine Deneux-Tharaux
- Université Paris Cité, Women's Health IHM, Perinatal Obstetrical and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Center for Research on Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lola Loussert
- Université Paris Cité, Women's Health IHM, Perinatal Obstetrical and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Center for Research on Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Hugo Madar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France; Université Paris Cité, Women's Health IHM, Perinatal Obstetrical and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Center for Research on Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France
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20
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Tang H, Miri Rekavandi A, Rooprai D, Dwivedi G, Sanfilippo FM, Boussaid F, Bennamoun M. Analysis and evaluation of explainable artificial intelligence on suicide risk assessment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6163. [PMID: 38485985 PMCID: PMC10940617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effectiveness of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for predicting suicide risk from medical tabular data. Given the common challenge of limited datasets in health-related Machine Learning (ML) applications, we use data augmentation in tandem with ML to enhance the identification of individuals at high risk of suicide. We use SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for XAI and traditional correlation analysis to rank feature importance, pinpointing primary factors influencing suicide risk and preventive measures. Experimental results show the Random Forest (RF) model is excelling in accuracy, F1 score, and AUC (>97% across metrics). According to SHAP, anger issues, depression, and social isolation emerge as top predictors of suicide risk, while individuals with high incomes, esteemed professions, and higher education present the lowest risk. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of ML and XAI in suicide risk assessment, offering valuable insights for psychiatrists and facilitating informed clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Aref Miri Rekavandi
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dharjinder Rooprai
- Armadale Mental Health Service, Perth, Australia.
- Bethesda Clinic, Perth, Australia.
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Frank M Sanfilippo
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Farid Boussaid
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mohammed Bennamoun
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Mizzi S, Pedersen M, Rossell SL, Rendell P, Terrett G, Heinrichs M, Labuschagne I. Resting-state amygdala subregion and precuneus connectivity provide evidence for a dimensional approach to studying social anxiety disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:147. [PMID: 38485930 PMCID: PMC10940725 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling mental health condition, characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in social situations. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms have been increasingly used to understand the neurobiological underpinnings of SAD in the absence of threat-related stimuli. Previous studies have primarily focused on the role of the amygdala in SAD. However, the amygdala consists of functionally and structurally distinct subregions, and recent studies have highlighted the importance of investigating the role of these subregions independently. Using multiband fMRI, we analyzed resting-state data from 135 participants (42 SAD, 93 healthy controls). By employing voxel-wise permutation testing, we examined group differences of fMRI connectivity and associations between fMRI connectivity and social anxiety symptoms to further investigate the classification of SAD as a categorical or dimensional construct. Seed-to-whole brain functional connectivity analysis using multiple 'seeds' including the amygdala and its subregions and the precuneus, revealed no statistically significant group differences. However, social anxiety severity was significantly negatively correlated with functional connectivity of the precuneus - perigenual anterior cingulate cortex and positively correlated with functional connectivity of the amygdala (specifically the superficial subregion) - parietal/cerebellar areas. Our findings demonstrate clear links between symptomatology and brain connectivity in the absence of diagnostic differences, with evidence of amygdala subregion-specific alterations. The observed brain-symptom associations did not include disturbances in the brain's fear circuitry (i.e., disturbances in connectivity between amygdala - prefrontal regions) likely due to the absence of threat-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mizzi
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mangor Pedersen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
- Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Peter Rendell
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gill Terrett
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Markus Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Izelle Labuschagne
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia.
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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22
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Steiner MA. Matters arising: In vivo effects of the alpha-synuclein misfolding inhibitor minzasolmin supports clinical development in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:59. [PMID: 38486022 PMCID: PMC10940697 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Alexander Steiner
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, CNS Pharmacology, Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.
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Coelho-Junior HJ, Calvani R, Tosato M, Russo A, Landi F, Picca A, Marzetti E. Associations between hypertension and cognitive, mood, and behavioral parameters in very old adults: results from the IlSIRENTE study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1268983. [PMID: 38533244 PMCID: PMC10964923 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies on the associations between hypertension-related parameters and cognitive function, mood, and behavioral symptoms in older adults have produced mixed findings. A possible explanation for these divergent results is that investigations have not adequately adjusted their analyses according to the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). Therefore, the present study examined the cross-sectional associations between hypertension-related parameters, ACEI use, and cognitive function, mood, and behavioral symptoms in very old adults. Methods This study was conducted by analyzing the IlSIRENTE database, a prospective cohort study that collected data on all individuals aged 80 years and older residing in the Sirente geographic area (n = 364). Blood pressure (BP) was assessed after 20 to 40 min of rest, while participants sat in an upright position. Drugs were coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical codes. Cognitive function, mood, and behavioral symptoms were recorded using the Minimum Data Set Home Care instrument. Blood inflammatory markers were measured. Results Hypertension-related parameters were significantly associated with many cognitive, mood, and behavioral parameters after adjustment for covariates. However, only the inverse association between hypertension and lesser problems with short-term memory remained significant. Participants with hypertension had lower blood concentrations of inflammatory markers in comparison to their normotensive peers. Conclusion Findings from the present study indicate that high BP values are associated with fewer complaints about memory problems in very old adults. Furthermore, a lower concentration of inflammatory markers was found in hypertensive participants. ACEI use might affect this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Vasilevska V, Guest PC, Szardenings M, Benros ME, Steiner J. Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:139. [PMID: 38459000 PMCID: PMC10923949 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection has raised concerns about secondary diseases beyond acute illness. This review explores the significance and potential underlying mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 infection might elicit an immune response targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and its implications for autoimmune-driven neuropsychiatric manifestations. We identified 19 published case reports of NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination by a systematic literature search. The significance of these reports was limited since it is not clear if a coincidental or causal relationship exists between SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and manifestation of NMDA receptor encephalitis. The included studies were hampered by difficulties in establishing if these patients had pre-existing NMDA receptor antibodies which entered the brain by infection- or vaccination-associated transient blood-brain barrier leakage. In addition, four cases had comorbid ovarian teratoma, which is a known trigger for development of NMDA receptor encephalitis. Considering that billions of people have contracted COVID-19 or have been vaccinated against this virus, the publication of only 19 case reports with a possible link to NMDA receptor encephalitis, indicates that it is rare. In conclusion, these findings do not support the case that SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination led to an increase of existing or de novo encephalitis mediated by an autoimmune response targeting NMDA receptor function. Nevertheless, this work underscores the importance of ongoing vigilance in monitoring viral outbreaks and their potential impact on the central nervous system through basic, epidemiological and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vasilevska
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michael Szardenings
- Ligand Development Unit, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Ren Y, Cui G, Feng K, Zhang X, Yu C, Liu P. A scoping review of utilization of the verbal fluency task in Chinese and Japanese clinical settings with near-infrared spectroscopy. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1282546. [PMID: 38525251 PMCID: PMC10957746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1282546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review targets the application of the Verbal Fluency Task (VFT) in conjunction with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for diagnosing psychiatric disorders, specifically in the contexts of China and Japan. These two countries are at the forefront of integrating fNIRS with VFT in clinical psychiatry, often employing this combination as a complementary tool alongside traditional psychiatric examinations. Our study aims to synthesize research findings on the hemodynamic responses elicited by VFT task in clinical settings of the two countries, analyzing variations in task design (phonological versus semantic), stimulus modality (auditory versus visual), and the impact of language typology. The focus on China and Japan is crucial, as it provides insights into the unique applications and adaptations of VFT in these linguistically and culturally distinct environments. By exploring these specific cases, our review underscores the importance of tailoring VFT to fit the linguistic and cultural context, thereby enhancing its validity and utility in cross-cultural psychiatric assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ren
- Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Pozi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Yu L, Zhang X, Li W. Causal effects of various types of physical activities on psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1331586. [PMID: 38500549 PMCID: PMC10944951 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1331586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psychiatric disorders (PD) pose a significant burden, with vast prevalence and mortality, inflicting substantial costs on individuals and society. Despite its widespread prevalence, the complex pathogenesis of PD remains elusive, leading to limited and challenging therapeutic development. An emerging risk factor for chronic diseases, prolonged sedentary behavior, contrasts with the therapeutic potential of exercise, regardless of its intensity, for various ailments, including PD. Yet, the diversity in exercise modalities and intensities may offer varied impacts on health. This study, leveraging Mendelian Randomization (MR), seeks to investigate the causal relationship between exercise and PD, aiming to elucidate the optimal exercise modality and intensity for PD mitigation while addressing potential confounders. Methods This study employed a Mendelian randomization analysis using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database to investigate the causal relationship between types of physical activity and psychiatric disorders. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate the reliability and robustness of the results. Results In the past 4 weeks, engaging in a substantial amount of DIY physical activity was found to have a causal relationship with psychiatric disorders (IVW: OR = 0.228, 95% CI: 0.113-0.461, P = 0.000038). As for the types of exercises, there may be a potential causal association between aerobic training (including swimming, cycling, fitness, and bowling) and psychiatric disorders (IVW: OR = 0.322, 95% CI = 0.148-0.704, P = 0.004). However, there was no causal relationship found between mild DIY physical activity and psychiatric disorders (IVW: OR = 0.918, 95% CI = 0.417-2.021, P = 0.831). Furthermore, it seems that there is no causal relationship between vigorous exercise and psychiatric disorders (IVW: OR = 2.705, 95% CI = 0.081-3.419, P = 0.578). Conclusion Our study confirms that only a certain level of training activity can have a protective effect on psychiatric disorders, while mild physical activity or vigorous training does not have an impact on psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Gynaecology, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wangshu Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women in Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Froeliger A, Deneux-Tharaux C, Loussert L, Bouchghoul H, Madar H, Sentilhes L. Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression 2 months after a vaginal delivery: a prospective multicenter study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:S1128-S1137.6. [PMID: 38193879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little is known about the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women with vaginal births without major pregnancy complications. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence of postpartum depression and identify its characteristics 2 months after singleton vaginal delivery at or near term. STUDY DESIGN This was an ancillary cohort study of the TRanexamic Acid for Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage After Vaginal Delivery randomized controlled trial, which was conducted in 15 French hospitals in 2015-2016 and enrolled women with singleton vaginal deliveries after 35 weeks of gestation. After randomization, the characteristics of labor, delivery, and the immediate postpartum experience, including the experience of childbirth, were prospectively collected. Medical records provided women's other characteristics, particularly any psychiatric history. Of note, 2 months after childbirth, provisional postpartum depression diagnosis was defined as a score of ≥13 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, a validated self-administered questionnaire. The corrected prevalence of postpartum depression was calculated with the inverse probability weighting method to take nonrespondents into account. Associations between potential risk factors and postpartum depression were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Moreover, an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale cutoff value of ≥11 was selected to perform a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS The questionnaire was returned by 2811 of 3891 women (72.2% response rate). The prevalence rates of the provisional diagnosis were 9.9% (95% confidence interval, 8.6%-11.3%) defined by an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of ≥13 and 15.5% (95% confidence interval, 14.0%-17.1%) with a cutoff value of ≥11. The characteristics associated with higher risks of postpartum depression in multivariate analysis were mostly related to prepregnancy characteristics, specifically age of <25 years (adjusted odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.9) and advanced age (adjusted odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.6), migration from North Africa (adjusted odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.4), previous abortion (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.0), and psychiatric history (adjusted odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-4.8). Some characteristics of labor and delivery, such as induced labor (adjusted odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.0) and operative vaginal delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.0), seemed to be associated with postpartum depression. In addition, bad memories of childbirth in the immediate postpartum were strongly associated with postpartum depression symptoms at 2 months after giving birth (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.2). CONCLUSION Approximately 10% of women with vaginal deliveries have postpartum depression symptoms, assessed by a score of ≥13 on the depression scale that was used at 2 months. Prepregnancy vulnerability factors; obstetrical characteristics, such as induced labor and operative vaginal delivery; and bad memories of childbirth 2 days after delivery were the main factors associated with this provisional diagnosis. A screening approach that targets risk factors may help to identify women at risk of postpartum depression who could benefit from early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Froeliger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Perinatal Obstetrical and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Research on Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Deneux-Tharaux
- Perinatal Obstetrical and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Research on Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lola Loussert
- Perinatal Obstetrical and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Research on Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Hanane Bouchghoul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugo Madar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
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Taghaddos D, Savinova I, Abu-Hilal M. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Prurigo Nodularis: A Retrospective Study. J Cutan Med Surg 2024; 28:141-145. [PMID: 38281092 PMCID: PMC11015701 DOI: 10.1177/12034754241227808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a complex chronic skin disease characterized by severe pruritic nodules. PN is often associated with mental health disorders and chronic medical comorbidities. Until recently, PN treatment has been challenging and difficult. OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe the demographic, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities associated with PN. Also, we aim to describe the effectiveness of systemic therapies, including methotrexate, cyclosporine, and narrow band ultraviolet (NB-UVB) in adult patients with PN. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of adult patients diagnosed with PN at Hamilton Health Science Center and/or McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, between 2015 and 2023. RESULTS The study included 81 patients (57% female). The mean age was 52.8 years, and the mean age of PN diagnosis was 50 years. Reported symptoms included: itching (100%), dry skin (53%), pain (17%), and burning sensation (5%). Lower and upper extremities were the most common areas involved in 93% and 69%, respectively. Mental health disorders were present in 79% of patients, with depression (58%) and anxiety (52%) being the most common. Atopic dermatitis was the most common skin comorbidity noted. Treatments used included cyclosporine, and NB-UVB, and MTX, which resulted in significant improvement of pruritus in 38%, 35%, and 31% of patients, respectively, at week 16. CONCLUSIONS PN is associated with increased risk of mental health disorders and other medical comorbidities. Cyclosporine, methotrexate, and NB-UVB therapy may be effective treatment options, however clinicians must consider the potential short- and long-term adverse effects of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Taghaddos
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Iryna Savinova
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohannad Abu-Hilal
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Hollunder B, Ostrem JL, Sahin IA, Rajamani N, Oxenford S, Butenko K, Neudorfer C, Reinhardt P, Zvarova P, Polosan M, Akram H, Vissani M, Zhang C, Sun B, Navratil P, Reich MM, Volkmann J, Yeh FC, Baldermann JC, Dembek TA, Visser-Vandewalle V, Alho EJL, Franceschini PR, Nanda P, Finke C, Kühn AA, Dougherty DD, Richardson RM, Bergman H, DeLong MR, Mazzoni A, Romito LM, Tyagi H, Zrinzo L, Joyce EM, Chabardes S, Starr PA, Li N, Horn A. Mapping dysfunctional circuits in the frontal cortex using deep brain stimulation. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:573-586. [PMID: 38388734 PMCID: PMC10917675 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Frontal circuits play a critical role in motor, cognitive and affective processing, and their dysfunction may result in a variety of brain disorders. However, exactly which frontal domains mediate which (dys)functions remains largely elusive. We studied 534 deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted to treat four different brain disorders. By analyzing which connections were modulated for optimal therapeutic response across these disorders, we segregated the frontal cortex into circuits that had become dysfunctional in each of them. Dysfunctional circuits were topographically arranged from occipital to frontal, ranging from interconnections with sensorimotor cortices in dystonia, the primary motor cortex in Tourette's syndrome, the supplementary motor area in Parkinson's disease, to ventromedial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Our findings highlight the integration of deep brain stimulation with brain connectomics as a powerful tool to explore couplings between brain structure and functional impairments in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hollunder
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jill L Ostrem
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilkem Aysu Sahin
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanditha Rajamani
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simón Oxenford
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Butenko
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Reinhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Zvarova
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Harith Akram
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Matteo Vissani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pavel Navratil
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin M Reich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till A Dembek
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Pranav Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Finke
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mahlon R DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi M Romito
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Himanshu Tyagi
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Eileen M Joyce
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Stephan Chabardes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philip A Starr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ningfei Li
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bernardi N, Delteil C, Kania É, Giravalli P, Tuchtan L, Guay JP, Piercecchi MD, Bartoli C, Guivarch J. Psychiatric disorders and management of sexual offenders in the prison psychiatric consultation unit of Marseille. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:574-583. [PMID: 38083832 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Since 2017, complaints of sexual violence have increased in France. At the same time, the management of sexual offenders has been at the center of international public health policies. The prevalence of mental disorders among sexual offenders is an essential field of research. There are some published studies on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in sexual offenders in detention, but there are few recent published studies among French individuals who were detained. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among persons detained for sexual offenses and the level of care received according to their diagnosis. For this purpose, we carried out a retrospective observational study from January 2017 to October 2021 of all adult sexual offenders, whether accused or convicted, who were seen in the psychiatric consultation unit of Les Baumettes prison, Marseille, France. The primary outcome measure was the psychiatric diagnosis entered in the medical records. One hundred forty-two patients were included in analysis. All patients were men, and the majority (n = 97, 68.3%) of these patients presented with at least one psychiatric disorder, principally a personality disorder (31.7%). 10.6% presented with a schizophrenic disorder, 4.9% a bipolar disorder, 3.5% a depressive disorder, 5.6% pedophilic paraphilia, and 25.4% an addictive disorder. Their management and comorbid addictions were analyzed in subgroups for each psychiatric disorder. Patients appeared to receive an appropriate level of care for their diagnosed disorder. It seems important to develop structured assessment of recidivism risk for better management of sexual offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Bernardi
- Service de Médecine Légale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Delteil
- Service de Médecine Légale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Éric Kania
- Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie en Détention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Giravalli
- Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie en Détention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Lucile Tuchtan
- Service de Médecine Légale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Guay
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre International de Criminologie Comparée, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Dominique Piercecchi
- Service de Médecine Légale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Bartoli
- Service de Médecine Légale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine en Détention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jokthan Guivarch
- Aix-Marseille université, Institut de neurosciences de la Timone, AMU, CNRS, CanoP, UMR 7289, Marseille, France
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
- Is'Crim, Institut des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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31
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Ollivier M, Soto JS, Linker KE, Moye SL, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Jones AE, Divakaruni AS, Kawaguchi R, Wohlschlegel JA, Khakh BS. Crym-positive striatal astrocytes gate perseverative behaviour. Nature 2024; 627:358-366. [PMID: 38418885 PMCID: PMC10937394 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes are heterogeneous glial cells of the central nervous system1-3. However, the physiological relevance of astrocyte diversity for neural circuits and behaviour remains unclear. Here we show that a specific population of astrocytes in the central striatum expresses μ-crystallin (encoded by Crym in mice and CRYM in humans) that is associated with several human diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders4-7. In adult mice, reducing the levels of μ-crystallin in striatal astrocytes through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of Crym resulted in perseverative behaviours, increased fast synaptic excitation in medium spiny neurons and dysfunctional excitatory-inhibitory synaptic balance. Increased perseveration stemmed from the loss of astrocyte-gated control of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals of orbitofrontal cortex-striatum projections. We found that perseveration could be remedied using presynaptic inhibitory chemogenetics8, and that this treatment also corrected the synaptic deficits. Together, our findings reveal converging molecular, synaptic, circuit and behavioural mechanisms by which a molecularly defined and allocated population of striatal astrocytes gates perseveration phenotypes that accompany neuropsychiatric disorders9-12. Our data show that Crym-positive striatal astrocytes have key biological functions within the central nervous system, and uncover astrocyte-neuron interaction mechanisms that could be targeted in treatments for perseveration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ollivier
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joselyn S Soto
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kay E Linker
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie L Moye
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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32
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Bellon A. Comparing stem cells, transdifferentiation and brain organoids as tools for psychiatric research. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38418498 PMCID: PMC10901833 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The inaccessibility of neurons coming directly from patients has hindered our understanding of mental illnesses at the cellular level. To overcome this obstacle, six different cellular approaches that carry the genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders are currently available: Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Pluripotent Monocytes, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Induced Neuronal cells and more recently Brain Organoids. Here we contrast advantages and disadvantages of each of these six cell-based methodologies. Neuronal-like cells derived from pluripotent monocytes are presented in more detail as this technique was recently used in psychiatry for the first time. Among the parameters used for comparison are; accessibility, need for reprograming, time to deliver differentiated cells, differentiation efficiency, reproducibility of results and cost. We provide a timeline on the discovery of these cell-based methodologies, but, our main goal is to assist researchers selecting which cellular approach is best suited for any given project. This manuscript also aims to help readers better interpret results from the published literature. With this goal in mind, we end our work with a discussion about the differences and similarities between cell-based techniques and postmortem research, the only currently available tools that allow the study of mental illness in neurons or neuronal-like cells coming directly from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Bellon
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, PA, USA.
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33
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Ollila HM, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Kantojärvi K, Broberg M, Palviainen T, Jones S, Ripatti V, Pandit A, Rong R, Kristiansson K, Sandman N, Valli K, Hublin C, Ripatti S, Widen E, Kaprio J, Saxena R, Paunio T. Nightmares share genetic risk factors with sleep and psychiatric traits. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:123. [PMID: 38413574 PMCID: PMC10899618 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nightmares are vivid, extended, and emotionally negative or negative dreams that awaken the dreamer. While sporadic nightmares and bad dreams are common and generally harmless, frequent nightmares often reflect underlying pathologies of emotional regulation. Indeed, insomnia, depression, anxiety, or alcohol use have been associated with nightmares in epidemiological and clinical studies. However, the connection between nightmares and their comorbidities are poorly understood. Our goal was to examine the genetic risk factors for nightmares and estimate correlation or causality between nightmares and comorbidities. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 45,255 individuals using a questionnaire-based assessment on the frequency of nightmares during the past month and genome-wide genotyping data. While the GWAS did not reveal individual risk variants, heritability was estimated at 5%. In addition, the genetic correlation analysis showed a robust correlation (rg > 0.4) of nightmares with anxiety (rg = 0.671, p = 7.507e-06), depressive (rg = 0.562, p = 1.282e-07) and posttraumatic stress disorders (rg = 0.4083, p = 0.0152), and personality trait neuroticism (rg = 0.667, p = 4.516e-07). Furthermore, Mendelian randomization suggested causality from insomnia to nightmares (beta = 0.027, p = 0.0002). Our findings suggest that nightmares share genetic background with psychiatric traits and that insomnia may increase an individual's liability to experience frequent nightmares. Given the significant correlations with psychiatric and psychological traits, it is essential to grow awareness of how nightmares affect health and disease and systematically collect information about nightmares, especially from clinical samples and larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Katri Kantojärvi
- Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Broberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vili Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robin Rong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nils Sandman
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, and Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Valli
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, and Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | | | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Baranova A, Zhao Q, Cao H, Chandhoke V, Zhang F. Causal influences of neuro psychiatric disorders on Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:114. [PMID: 38395927 PMCID: PMC10891165 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have observed a significant comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanistic connections between neuropsychiatric disorders and AD are not well understood. We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to appraise the potential influences of 18 neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders on AD. We found that four disorders are causally associated with increased risk for AD, including bipolar disorder (BD) (OR: 1.09), migraine (OR: 1.09), schizophrenia (OR: 1.05), and Parkinson's disease (PD) (OR: 1.07), while attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with a decreased risk for AD (OR: 0.80). In case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (OR: 1.04) and Tourette's syndrome (OR: 1.05), there was suggestive evidence of their causal effects of on AD. Our study shows that genetic components predisposing to BD, migraine, schizophrenia, and PD may promote the development of AD, while ADHD may be associated with a reduced risk of AD. The treatments aimed at alleviating neuropsychiatric diseases with earlier onset may also influence the risk of AD-related cognitive decline, which is typically observed later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
| | - Vikas Chandhoke
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Cao D, Zhang P, Wang S. Advances in structure-based drug design: The potential for precision therapeutics in psychiatric disorders. Neuron 2024; 112:526-538. [PMID: 38290517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, the field of GPCR drug design has undergone a remarkable evolution, fueled by advancements in science and technology. This evolution has given rise to a diverse range of ideas and approaches in structure-based drug design, bolstering the versatility and strength of the GPCR drug design toolbox. This review encapsulates the iterative development process, navigating challenges and opportunities in structure-based drug design within GPCRs. With a focused emphasis on its impact on psychiatric disorders, the review accentuates recent advancements and delves into the potentials unlocked by emerging technologies. The review explores the intricate interplay between scientific progress and iterative refinement, offering profound insights into the potential pathways that lie ahead for GPCR drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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Calderon A, Baik SY, Ng MHS, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eisenberg D, Wilfley DE, Taylor CB, Newman MG. Machine Learning and Bayesian Network Analyses Identifies Psychiatric Disorders and Symptom Associations with Insomnia in a national sample of 31,285 Treatment-Seeking College Students. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3944417. [PMID: 38464303 PMCID: PMC10925462 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3944417/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background A better understanding of the structure of relations among insomnia and anxiety, mood, eating, and alcohol-use disorders is needed, given its prevalence among young adults. Supervised machine learning provides the ability to evaluate the discriminative accuracy of psychiatric disorders associated with insomnia. Combined with Bayesian network analysis, the directionality between symptoms and their associations may be illuminated. Methods The current exploratory analyses utilized a national sample of college students across 26 U.S. colleges and universities collected during population-level screening before entering a randomized controlled trial. Firstly, an elastic net regularization model was trained to predict, via repeated 10-fold cross-validation, which psychiatric disorders were associated with insomnia severity. Seven disorders were included: major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa, and alcohol use disorder. Secondly, using a Bayesian network approach, completed partially directed acyclic graphs (CPDAG) built on training and holdout samples were computed via a Bayesian hill-climbing algorithm to determine symptom-level interactions of disorders most associated with insomnia [based on SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values)] and were evaluated for stability across networks. Results Of 31,285 participants, 20,597 were women (65.8%); mean (standard deviation) age was 22.96 (4.52) years. The elastic net model demonstrated clinical significance in predicting insomnia severity in the training sample [R2 = .449 (.016); RMSE = 5.00 [.081]), with comparable performance in accounting for variance explained in the holdout sample [R2 = .33; RMSE = 5.47). SHAP indicated the presence of any psychiatric disorder was associated with higher insomnia severity, with major depressive disorder demonstrated to be the most associated disorder. CPDAGs showed excellent fit in the holdout sample and suggested that depressed mood, fatigue, and self-esteem were the most important depression symptoms that presupposed insomnia. Conclusion These findings offer insights into associations between psychiatric disorders and insomnia among college students and encourage future investigation into the potential direction of causality between insomnia and major depressive disorder. Trial registration Trial may be found on the National Institute of Health RePORTER website: Project Number: R01MH115128-05.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew H S Ng
- Nanyang Technological University, Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore
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Meyer T, Sickinghe M, Matera V, Morina N. Comparison standards shape everyday judgments of low and high wellbeing in individuals with and without psychopathology: a diary-based investigation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4063. [PMID: 38374170 PMCID: PMC10876573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
People can easily rate and express their current levels of wellbeing, but the cognitive foundations for such judgments are poorly understood. We examined whether comparisons to varying standards underlie fluctuating wellbeing judgments within-person (i.e., throughout daily episodes) and between-person (i.e., high vs. low levels of psychopathology). Clinical and non-clinical participants recorded subjective affect for each distinct episode for one week. Participants briefly described current, best, and worst daily episodes, which we coded for presence and type of comparison standard (social, past temporal, criteria-based, counterfactual, prospective temporal, and dimensional). Participants also rated their engagement with these standards and the respective affective impact. During best episodes, participants reported more downward (vs. upward) comparisons that resulted in positive affective impact. In worst episodes, upward (vs. downward) comparisons were more frequent. In best and worst episodes, we most frequently identified past-temporal and criteria-based comparisons, respectively. The clinical group engaged more often with all potential standard types during worst daily episodes and was more negatively affected by comparative thoughts, amid consistently more negative affect levels across all episode types. Our data suggest that judgments of affect and wellbeing may indeed rely on comparative thinking, whereby certain standards may characterize states of negative affect and poor mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meyer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Marthe Sickinghe
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vanessa Matera
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nexhmedin Morina
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Lannoy S, Ohlsson H, Stephenson M, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Edwards AC. Mediational pathways between aggregate genetic liability and nonfatal suicide attempt: A Swedish population-based cohort. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024:e32974. [PMID: 38366742 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent progress in the genetics of suicidal behavior, the pathway by which genetic liability increases suicide attempt risk is unclear. We investigated the mediational pathways from family/genetic risk for suicide attempt (FGRSSA ) to suicide attempt by considering the roles of psychiatric illnesses. In a Swedish cohort, we evaluated time to suicide attempt as a function of FGRSSA and the mediational effects of alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and non-affective psychosis. Analyses were conducted by sex in three age periods: 15-25 years (Nfemales = 850,278 and Nmales = 899,366), 26-35 years (Nfemales = 800,189 and Nmales = 861,774), and 36-45 years (Nfemales = 498,285 and Nmales = 535,831). The association between FGRSSA and suicide attempt was mediated via psychiatric disorders. The highest mediation effects were observed for alcohol use disorder in males (15-25 years, HRtotal = 1.60 [1.59; 1.62], mediation = 14.4%), drug use disorder in females (25-36 years, HRtotal = 1.46 [1.44; 1.49], mediation = 11.2%), and major depression (25-36 years) in females (HRtotal = 1.46 [1.44; 1.49], mediation = 7%) and males (HRtotal = 1.50 [1.47;1.52], mediation = 4.7%). While the direct effect of FGRSSA was higher at ages of 15-25, the mediation via psychiatric disorders was more prominent in later adulthood. Our study informs about the psychiatric illnesses via which genetic liability operates to impact suicide attempt risk, with distinct contributions according to age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lannoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mallory Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Laurent-Levinson C, Pellen AS, Pellerin H, Hanin C, Bouzy J, Devernay M, Milhiet V, Benarous X, Consoli A, Shi J, Levinson DF, Cohen D. Emotions and behaviours of child and adolescent psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e47. [PMID: 38362905 PMCID: PMC10897707 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous pandemics have had negative effects on mental health, but there are few data on children and adolescents who were receiving ongoing psychiatric treatment. AIMS To study changes in emotions and clinical state, and their predictors, during the COVID-19 pandemic in France. METHOD We administered (by interview) the baseline Youth Self-Report version of the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey v0.3 (CRISIS, French translation) to 123 adolescent patients and the Parent/Caregiver version to evaluate 99 child patients before and during the first 'lockdown'. For 139 of these patients who received ongoing treatment in our centre, treating physicians retrospectively completed longitudinal global ratings for five time periods, masked to CRISIS ratings. RESULTS The main outcome measure was the sum of eight mood state items, which formed a single factor in each age group. Overall, this score improved for each age group during the first lockdown. Clinician ratings modestly supported this result in patients without intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder. Improvement of mood states was significantly associated with perceived improvement in family relationships in both age groups. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous studies of clinical cohorts, our patients had diverse responses during the pandemic. Several factors may have contributed to the finding of improvement in some individuals during the first lockdown, including the degree of family support or conflict, stress reduction owing to isolation, limitations of the outcome measures and/or possible selection bias. Ongoing treatment may have had a protective effect. Clinically, during crises additional support may be needed by families who experience increased conflict or who care for children with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Laurent-Levinson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; and Groupe de Recherche Clinique n 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Pellen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; and Groupe de Recherche Clinique n 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Pellerin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; and Groupe de Recherche Clinique n 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Hanin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; and Groupe de Recherche Clinique n 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Bouzy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Marie Devernay
- Unité de Médecine pour Adolescents, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Milhiet
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique n 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Xavier Benarous
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique n 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Angèle Consoli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; and Groupe de Recherche Clinique n 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas F Levinson
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique n 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Groupe de Recherche Clinique n 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; and CNRS UMR 7222, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Chen T, Cao Z, Ferland F, Farand L, Fleury MJ. Profiles of Emergency Department Users with Psychiatric Disorders Related to Barriers to Outpatient Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:234. [PMID: 38397723 PMCID: PMC10888102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is a growing problem worldwide. High ED users have been historically targeted to reduce ED overcrowding and associated high costs. Patients with psychiatric disorders, including substance-related disorders (SRDs), are among the largest contributors to high ED use. Since EDs are meant for urgent cases, they are not an appropriate setting for treating recurrent patients or replacing outpatient care. Identifying ED user profiles in terms of perceived barriers to care, service use, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics is crucial to reduce ED use and unmet needs. Data were extracted from medical records and a survey was conducted among 299 ED patients from 2021 to 2022 in large Quebec networks. Cluster algorithms and comparison tests identified three profiles. Profile 1 had the most patients without barriers to care, with case managers, and received the best primary care. Profile 2 reported moderate barriers to care and low primary care use, best quality of life, and more serious psychiatric disorders. Profile 3 had the most barriers to care, high ED users, and lower service satisfaction and perceived mental/health conditions. Our findings and recommendations inform decision-makers on evidence-based strategies to address the unmet needs of these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada;
| | - Zhirong Cao
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada;
| | - Francine Ferland
- School of Social Work, Addiction Rehabilitation Centre, Laval University, National Capital University Integrated Health and Social Services Centre, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Lambert Farand
- Department of Health Administration, Policy, and Evaluation, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada;
| | - Marie-Josée Fleury
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada;
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada;
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Adel MR, Antón-Galindo E, Gago-Garcia E, Arias-Dimas A, Arenas C, Artuch R, Cormand B, Fernàndez-Castillo N. Decreased Brain Serotonin in rbfox1 Mutant Zebrafish and Partial Reversion of Behavioural Alterations by the SSRI Fluoxetine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:254. [PMID: 38399469 PMCID: PMC10891829 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
RBFOX1 functions as a master regulator of thousands of genes, exerting a pleiotropic effect on numerous neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. A potential mechanism by which RBFOX1 may impact these disorders is through its modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission, a common target for pharmacological intervention in psychiatric conditions linked to RBFOX1. However, the precise effects of RBFOX1 on the serotonergic system remain largely unexplored. Here we show that homozygous rbfox1sa15940 zebrafish, which express a shorter, aberrant rbfox1 mRNA, have significantly reduced serotonin levels in telencephalon and diencephalon. We observed that the acute administration of fluoxetine partially reverses the associated behavioural alterations. The hyperactive phenotype and altered shoaling behaviour of the rbfox1sa15940/sa15940 zebrafish could be reversed with acute fluoxetine exposure in the Open Field and the Shoaling test, respectively. However, in the other paradigms, hyperactivity was not diminished, suggesting a distinct intrinsic motivation for locomotion in the different paradigms. Acute fluoxetine exposure did not reverse the alterations observed in the aggression and social novelty tests, suggesting the involvement of other neurological mechanisms in these behaviours. These findings underscore the importance of investigating the intricate working mechanisms of RBFOX1 in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders to gain a better understanding of the associated disorders along with their pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja R. Adel
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Antón-Galindo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Edurne Gago-Garcia
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Arias-Dimas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Concepció Arenas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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Rasp E, Saavalainen L, But A, Gissler M, Härkki P, Heikinheimo O, Rönö K. Psychiatric disorders and mortality due to external causes following diagnosis of endometriosis at a young age: a longitudinal register-based cohort study in Finland. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024:S0002-9378(24)00082-6. [PMID: 38365101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis diagnosed in adults is associated with increased risk of various psychiatric disorders. However, little is known concerning psychiatric comorbidity and mortality due to external causes associated with endometriosis diagnosed at a young age. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal cohort study aimed to investigate the link between surgical diagnosis of endometriosis at a young age and subsequent psychiatric disorders and mortality due to external causes. In addition, we compared the occurrence of the most common psychiatric disorders between different sites of surgically confirmed endometriosis (ovarian vs other) because of possible differences in pain manifestations. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective register-based cohort study. Altogether 4532 women with surgically confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis before the age of 25 years from 1987 to 2012 were identified from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. They were matched with women without surgically diagnosed endometriosis for age and municipality on the index day (n=9014). Women were followed up from the index day until the end of 2019 for the outcomes of interest, which included 9 groups of psychiatric disorders (inpatient episodes since 1987, outpatient episodes since 1998) and death due to external causes, including deaths due to accidents, suicides, and violence (Finnish Register of Causes of Death). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the crude and parity-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The cohort's median age was 22.9 years (interquartile range, 21.3-24.1) at the beginning and 42.5 years (36.7-48.3) after a median follow-up time of 20.0 years (14.5-25.7). We observed a higher hazard of depressive, anxiety, and bipolar disorders in women with endometriosis compared with the reference cohort, with depressive and anxiety disorders being the two most common psychiatric disorders. These differences appeared early and remained the same during the entire follow-up, irrespective of whether assessed from the data on inpatient episodes only or the data on both in- and outpatient episodes. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios were 2.57 (95% confidence interval, 2.11-3.14) and 1.87 (1.65-2.12) for depressive disorders, 2.40 (1.81-3.17) and 2.09 (1.84-2.37) for anxiety disorders, and 1.71 (1.30-2.26) and 1.66 (1.28-2.15) for bipolar disorders, respectively. A higher hazard was observed for nonorganic sleeping disorders for the first 10 years only (3.83; 2.01-7.30) when assessed using the data on both in- and outpatient episodes. When based on inpatient records, a higher hazard for alcohol/drug dependence after 15 years of follow-up (2.07; 1.21-3.54) was observed. The difference in hazard for personality disorders tended to increase during follow-up (<10 years, 2.12 [1.28-3.52]; ≥10 years, 3.08 [1.44-6.57]). Depressive and anxiety disorders occurred more frequently in women with types of endometriosis other than ovarian endometriosis. No difference in deaths due to external causes was observed between the endometriosis and reference cohorts. CONCLUSION Surgical diagnosis of endometriosis at a young age was associated with increased incidence of several psychiatric disorders. Moreover, within the endometriosis population, psychiatric comorbidity was more common in women with types of endometriosis other than ovarian endometriosis. We speculate that chronic pain is essential in the development of these psychiatric disorders, and that early and effective pain management is important in reducing the risk of psychiatric morbidity in young women. More research concerning the associations and management of endometriosis and associated psychiatric disorders is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Rasp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisu Saavalainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna But
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi Härkki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kristiina Rönö
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Bey R, Cohen A, Trebossen V, Dura B, Geoffroy PA, Jean C, Landman B, Petit-Jean T, Chatellier G, Sallah K, Tannier X, Bourmaud A, Delorme R. Natural language processing of multi-hospital electronic health records for public health surveillance of suicidality. Npj Ment Health Res 2024; 3:6. [PMID: 38609541 PMCID: PMC10955903 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-023-00046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to monitor the mental health of large populations, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to timely identify the most at-risk subgroups and to design targeted prevention campaigns. We therefore developed and validated surveillance indicators related to suicidality: the monthly number of hospitalisations caused by suicide attempts and the prevalence among them of five known risks factors. They were automatically computed analysing the electronic health records of fifteen university hospitals of the Paris area, France, using natural language processing algorithms based on artificial intelligence. We evaluated the relevance of these indicators conducting a retrospective cohort study. Considering 2,911,920 records contained in a common data warehouse, we tested for changes after the pandemic outbreak in the slope of the monthly number of suicide attempts by conducting an interrupted time-series analysis. We segmented the assessment time in two sub-periods: before (August 1, 2017, to February 29, 2020) and during (March 1, 2020, to June 31, 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. We detected 14,023 hospitalisations caused by suicide attempts. Their monthly number accelerated after the COVID-19 outbreak with an estimated trend variation reaching 3.7 (95%CI 2.1-5.3), mainly driven by an increase among girls aged 8-17 (trend variation 1.8, 95%CI 1.2-2.5). After the pandemic outbreak, acts of domestic, physical and sexual violence were more often reported (prevalence ratios: 1.3, 95%CI 1.16-1.48; 1.3, 95%CI 1.10-1.64 and 1.7, 95%CI 1.48-1.98), fewer patients died (p = 0.007) and stays were shorter (p < 0.001). Our study demonstrates that textual clinical data collected in multiple hospitals can be jointly analysed to compute timely indicators describing mental health conditions of populations. Our findings also highlight the need to better take into account the violence imposed on women, especially at early ages and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bey
- Innovation and Data unit, IT Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ariel Cohen
- Innovation and Data unit, IT Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Trebossen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Basile Dura
- Innovation and Data unit, IT Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Alexis Geoffroy
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, GHU Paris Nord, DMU neurosciences, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75018, Paris, France
- GHU Paris - psychiatry & neurosciences, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, université Paris Cité, 75019, Paris, France
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for cellular and integrative neurosciences, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charline Jean
- Innovation and Data unit, IT Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB U955, Créteil, France
- Service Santé Publique & URC, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Benjamin Landman
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Petit-Jean
- Innovation and Data unit, IT Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Chatellier
- Innovation and Data unit, IT Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kankoe Sallah
- URC PNVS, CIC-EC 1425, INSERM, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Tannier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et d'Ingénierie des Connaissances pour la e-Santé (LIMICS), Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Bourmaud
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Robert Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- CIC 1426, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Xia Y, Wehrli J, Abivardi A, Hostiuc M, Kleim B, Bach DR. Correction: Attenuating human fear memory retention with minocycline: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:97. [PMID: 38355594 PMCID: PMC10866895 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Xia
- Computational Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Transdisciplinary Research Area Life and Health, Hertz Chair for Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jelena Wehrli
- Computational Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aslan Abivardi
- Computational Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madalina Hostiuc
- Computational Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kleim
- Computational Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik R Bach
- Computational Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Transdisciplinary Research Area Life and Health, Hertz Chair for Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging & Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK.
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45
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Grzenda A, Siddarth P, Milillo MM, Aguilar-Faustino Y, Khalsa DS, Lavretsky H. Cognitive and immunological effects of yoga compared to memory training in older women at risk for alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:96. [PMID: 38355715 PMCID: PMC10867110 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) accompanied by cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are known to increase the risk of developing dementia. Mind-body practices such as yoga and meditation, have been recognized as safe techniques with beneficial effects on cognitive functions in older adults at risk for cognitive decline. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to assess the efficacy of Kundalini yoga training (KY) compared to memory enhancement training (MET) on mood and cognitive functioning in a group of older women with CVRFs and SCD (clinicaltrials.gov = NCT03503669). The KY intervention consisted of weekly, 60-min in-person classes with a certified instructor for 12 weeks, with a 12-min guided recording for daily homework practice at home. MET involved 12 weekly in-person group classes with 12-min daily homework exercises. Objective and subjective memory performance were the primary outcomes. Peripheral whole blood samples were collected at baseline, 12-weeks, and 24-weeks follow-up for RNA sequencing and cytokine/chemokine assays. A total of 79 patients (KY = 40; MET = 39) were randomized, and 63 completed the 24-week follow-up (KY = 65% completion rate; MET = 95%; χ2(1) = 10.9, p < 0.001). At 24-weeks follow-up, KY yielded a significant, large effect size improvement in subjective cognitive impairment measures compared to MET. KYOn a transcriptional level, at 12- and 24-week follow-up, KY uniquely altered aging-associated signatures, including interferon gamma and other psycho-neuro-immune pathways. Levels of chemokine eotaxin-1, an aging marker, increased over time in MET but not KY participants. These results suggest clinical and biological benefits to KY for SCD, linking changes in cognition to the anti-inflammatory effects of yoga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Grzenda
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-Olive View Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaela M Milillo
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yesenia Aguilar-Faustino
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dharma S Khalsa
- Alzheimer's Research and Prevention Foundation, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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46
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Mi C, Hou A, Liu Y, Qi X, Teng J. Assessing the causal relationship between psychiatric disorders and obstructive sleep apnea: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1351216. [PMID: 38426001 PMCID: PMC10903261 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1351216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive observational evidence suggests an association between psychiatric disorders (PDs) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but their causal relationship remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to examine the causal relationship between PDs and OSA. Methods Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted with summary genetic data from the FinnGen and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods were employed to ascertain causal influence. Sensitivity analysis employing various methodologies assessed the robustness of the findings. Furthermore, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was used to clarify if the exposures independently caused OSA. Results MR analysis showed that genetically determined major depressive disorder (MDD) increased the risk of OSA (IVW odds ratio [OR]: 1.377, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.242-1.526, P = 1.05×10-9). Sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. In MVMR, the significant association persisted after adjusting for BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption. No conclusive evidence indicated the causal impact of other psychological characteristics on OSA. In the reverse MR analyses, there was no causal effect of OSA on PDs. Conclusion This study suggests a causal effect of MDD on OSA risk. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and understand how MDD contributes to OSA development, potentially aiding in reducing OSA incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhao Mi
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yinqin Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianghua Qi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Teng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Cao Z, Xiao X, Xie C, Wei L, Yang Y, Zhu C. Personalized connectivity-based network targeting model of transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of psychiatric disorders: computational feasibility and reproducibility. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1341908. [PMID: 38419897 PMCID: PMC10899497 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1341908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) holds promise for treating psychiatric disorders; however, the variability in treatment efficacy among individuals underscores the need for further improvement. Growing evidence has shown that TMS induces a broad network modulatory effect, and its effectiveness may rely on accurate modulation of the pathological network specific to each disorder. Therefore, determining the optimal TMS coil setting that will engage the functional pathway delivering the stimulation is crucial. Compared to group-averaged functional connectivity (FC), individual FC provides specific information about a person's brain functional architecture, offering the potential for more accurate network targeting for personalized TMS. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of FC poses a challenge when utilizing individual resting-state FC. To overcome this challenge, the proposed solutions include increasing the scan duration and employing the cluster method to enhance the stability of FC. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of a personalized FC-based network targeting model in individuals with major depressive disorder or schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project, we assessed the model's stability. We employed longer scan durations and cluster methodologies to improve the precision in identifying optimal individual sites. Our findings demonstrate that a scan duration of 28 minutes and the utilization of the cluster method achieved stable identification of individual sites, as evidenced by the intraindividual distance falling below the ~1cm spatial resolution of TMS. The current model provides a feasible approach to obtaining stable personalized TMS targets from the scalp, offering a more accurate method of TMS targeting in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Arts and Communication, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chaozhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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48
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Roalf DR, Figee M, Oathes DJ. Elevating the field for applying neuroimaging to individual patients in psychiatry. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:87. [PMID: 38341414 PMCID: PMC10858949 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although neuroimaging has been widely applied in psychiatry, much of the exuberance in decades past has been tempered by failed replications and a lack of definitive evidence to support the utility of imaging to inform clinical decisions. There are multiple promising ways forward to demonstrate the relevance of neuroimaging for psychiatry at the individual patient level. Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging is developing as a sensitive measure of neurometabolic processes of particular relevance that holds promise as a new way to characterize patient abnormalities as well as variability in response to treatment. Neuroimaging may also be particularly suited to the science of brain stimulation interventions in psychiatry given that imaging can both inform brain targeting as well as measure changes in brain circuit communication as a function of how effectively interventions improve symptoms. We argue that a greater focus on individual patient imaging data will pave the way to stronger relevance to clinical care in psychiatry. We also stress the importance of using imaging in symptom-relevant experimental manipulations and how relevance will be best demonstrated by pairing imaging with differential treatment prediction and outcome measurement. The priorities for using brain imaging to inform psychiatry may be shifting, which compels the field to solidify clinical relevance for individual patients over exploratory associations and biomarkers that ultimately fail to replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martijn Figee
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Desmond J Oathes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Brain Imaging and Stimulation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Brain Science Translation, Innovation, and Modulation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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49
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Bahji A. Navigating the Complex Intersection of Substance Use and Psychiatric Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:999. [PMID: 38398311 PMCID: PMC10889170 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence of substance use disorders (SUDs) and psychiatric conditions, often referred to as comorbidity or concurrent disorders, presents intricate challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. This comprehensive narrative review aims to synthesize and critically evaluate the existing evidence surrounding the management of individuals with comorbid SUDs and psychiatric disorders. Comorbidity in these domains carries profound implications for clinical practice, research, and policymaking, emphasizing the need for a holistic understanding of the intricate dynamics that arise when these conditions coexist. This review explores recent research findings, evidence-based guidelines, and emerging trends within the field, offering valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers seeking to navigate the complex terrain of comorbidity in substance use and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Bahji
- Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2R 1N4, Canada
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50
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Nomiya H, Sakurai K, Miyamoto Y, Oka M, Yoneda Y, Hikida T, Yamada M. A Kpna1-deficient psychotropic drug-induced schizophrenia model mouse for studying gene-environment interactions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3376. [PMID: 38336912 PMCID: PMC10858057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
KPNA1 is a mediator of nucleocytoplasmic transport that is abundantly expressed in the mammalian brain and regulates neuronal differentiation and synaptic function. De novo mutations in Kpna1 have been identified using genome-wide association studies in humans with schizophrenia; however, it remains unclear how KPNA1 contributes to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Recent studies have suggested a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors that are closely related to psychiatric disorders. Here, we found that subchronic administration of phencyclidine, a psychotropic drug, induced vulnerability and behavioral abnormalities consistent with the symptoms of schizophrenia in Kpna1-deficient mice. Microarray assessment revealed that the expression levels of dopamine d1/d2 receptors, an RNA editing enzyme, and a cytoplasmic dynein component were significantly altered in the nucleus accumbens brain region in a gene-environment (G × E) interaction-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that Kpna1-deficient mice may be useful as a G × E interaction mouse model for psychiatric disorders and for further investigation into the pathogenesis of such diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Nomiya
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Koki Sakurai
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases Osaka University, Integrated Life Science Building, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan.
| | - Masami Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui-City, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
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