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Chen J, Shantakumar S, Si J, Gowindah R, Parikh R, Chan F, Chan M, Choi WS, Huang E, Huang KC, Huang LM, Kim H, Leong CK, Leong HN, Seo Y, Williams C, Wong ATY. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward herpes zoster (HZ) and HZ vaccination: Concept elicitation findings from a multi-country study in the Asia Pacific. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2317446. [PMID: 38436584 PMCID: PMC10913700 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2317446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) is a prevalent disease characterized by a painful rash. A multi‑country study was conducted to elicit public and physician knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward HZ disease and vaccination for the assessment of local factors influencing HZ vaccine perceptions in four Asian-Pacific countries/territories One-to-one qualitative interviews were conducted in 2022, among the public (people aged ≥ 50 years, adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years, zoster vaccine live-vaccinated individuals aged ≥ 50 years in Republic of Korea, and HZ patients; n = 78) and physicians (general practitioners and specialists; n = 24). Themes surrounding KAP toward HZ and HZ vaccination were summarized using a thematic analysis. A substantial knowledge gap related to HZ was observed among the public, including its causes, long-term impacts, and the at-risk population. There was a low perceived risk of HZ and low general awareness of HZ vaccine availability, although country/territory-specific differences existed. Fear of HZ-associated pain contributed toward vaccination intent among HZ patients and adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years. HZ-naïve adults who were encouraged to receive the vaccine by others were not motivated to do so due to optimism bias. Physicians were perceived to be a reliable source of information. However, physicians did not always proactively discuss HZ vaccination due to time constraints and a perceived need to prioritize other vaccinations including influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. Initiatives are needed to improve public awareness of HZ and its complications, in terms of overall impact on individuals and society, and highlight the important role of physicians in recommending vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, GSK, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Felix Chan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Won Suk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Early Pipeline Vaccines, GSK, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Yubin Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen Y, Shu Y, Zheng H, Sun C, Fu C. The 2 nd China Vaccinology Integrated Innovation & Teaching Development Conference: Promoting the construction of vaccinology discipline system. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2300157. [PMID: 38198292 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2nd China Vaccinology Integrated Innovation & Teaching Development Conference was held in Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 18-19, November 2023. Over 200 participants in the field of Vaccinology gathered together to address challenges and issues relevant to vaccine education and training courses, research, and public health programs in China. The conference themed "Promoting the Integrated and Innovative Development of Vaccinology through Collective Efforts." The conference was organized by the China Association of Vaccine (CAV) and hosted by Vaccinology Education Professional Committee of CAV, and School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University. Other partners included the Medical Virology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, the editorial committee of the Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, and the People's Medical Publishing House. The 1st conference was held in Hangzhou, in October 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Chen
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanxi Fu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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O’Bryan SE, Muñoz F, Smith D, Bearse A, Melendrez B, Kamdar B, James-Price C, Ramirez D, Servin AE. Community based participatory research as a promising practice for addressing vaccine hesitancy, rebuilding trust and addressing health disparities among racial and ethnic minority communities. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2326781. [PMID: 38497273 PMCID: PMC10950264 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2326781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority communities across the United States (U.S.). Despite the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 faced by communities of color, Black and Hispanic communities are less likely to be fully vaccinated than White non-Hispanic Persons. Health inequity and vaccine hesitancy are complex phenomena that require multilevel responses tailored to the unique needs of each community, a process that inherently necessitates a high level of community engagement in order to develop the most effective health interventions. Building on the principles of community based participatory research (CBPR) and with the support of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Project 2VIDA! was born. A multidisciplinary collaborative of academic researchers, community members, and clinicians whose aim is to foster sustainable partnerships to reduce the burden of COVID-19 in Hispanic and Black communities across Southern California. Our model was designed to meet our community members where they were - whether on their lunch break or picking their children from school. This CBPR model has been well received by community members. Future health interventions focused on reducing health disparities should prioritize the role of the community, leverage the voices of key community partners, and be grounded in equitable power sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. O’Bryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Muñoz
- Health Support Services, San Ysidro Health, San Ysidro, CA, USA
| | - David Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Bearse
- UC San Diego, Center for Community Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Blanca Melendrez
- UC San Diego, Center for Community Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Biren Kamdar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ramirez
- Health Support Services, San Ysidro Health, San Ysidro, CA, USA
| | - Argentina E. Servin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Elaydi S, Lozi R. Global dynamics of discrete mathematical models of tuberculosis. J Biol Dyn 2024; 18:2323724. [PMID: 38493487 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2024.2323724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop discrete models of Tuberculosis (TB). This includes SEI endogenous and exogenous models without treatment. These models are then extended to a SEIT model with treatment. We develop two types of net reproduction numbers, one is the traditional R 0 which is based on the disease-free equilibrium, and a new net reproduction number R 0 ( E ∗ ) based on the endemic equilibrium. It is shown that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R 0 ≤ 1 and unstable if R 0 > 1 . Moreover, the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if R 0 ( E ∗ ) < 1 < R 0 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Elaydi
- Department of Mathematics, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - René Lozi
- Department of Mathematics, Laboratory J.A. Dieudonné, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, France
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McCausland K, Booth S, Leaversuch F, Freeman B, Wolf K, Leaver T, Jancey J. Socio-ecological factors that influence youth vaping: perspectives from Western Australian school professionals, parents and young people. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2322753. [PMID: 38416991 PMCID: PMC10903751 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2322753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand from the perspectives of school professionals, parents and young people the socio-ecological factors that may facilitate and prevent e-cigarette use among young people in Perth, Western Australia. METHODS Purposive sampling was used to recruit school professionals, parents and young people for one-on-one (n = 35) or joint (n = 3) interviews (in-person n = 11 or online n = 27). Data were analysed using thematic analysis and classified into four domains based on the socio-ecological model: i) individual, ii) interpersonal, iii) organizational/community and iv) societal/policy. RESULTS Factors that were found to support vaping among young people included sensation-seeking and risk-taking behaviour; a low-risk perception of vapes; attractive characteristics of vapes; ease of access; perception vaping is a social activity; and lack of knowledge about vaping among parents and school professionals. Vaping prevention messages originating from the familial, educational and community spheres are lacking but wanted by adults and young people. CONCLUSIONS The pervasiveness of the e-cigarette trade and persistent challenges related to surveillance and enforcement need to be addressed to reduce exposure and access to e-cigarettes. A mixture of "hard" and "soft" public policy tools involving key stakeholders in a range of settings is needed to prevent e-cigarette access and uptake by young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahlia McCausland
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue Booth
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francene Leaversuch
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Becky Freeman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharina Wolf
- School of Management and Marketing, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tama Leaver
- School of Media, Creative Arts and Social Inquiry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Olanlesi-Aliu A, Tulli M, Kemei J, Bonifacio G, Reif LC, Cardo V, Roche H, Hurley N, Salami B. A scoping review on the operationalization of intersectional health research methods in studies related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2302305. [PMID: 38207090 PMCID: PMC10786425 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2302305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020 and became a global health crisis with devastating impacts. This scoping review maps the key findings of research about the pandemic that has operationalized intersectional research methods around the world. It also tracks how these studies have engaged with methodological tenets of oppression, comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction. METHODS Our search resulted in 14,487 articles, 5164 of which were duplicates, and 9297 studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In total, 14 articles were included in this review. We used thematic analysis to analyse themes within this work and Misra et al. (2021) intersectional research framework to analyse the uptake of intersectional methods within such studies. RESULTS The research related to the COVID-19 pandemic globally is paying attention to issues around the financial impacts of the pandemic, discrimination, gendered impacts, impacts of and on social ties, and implications for mental health. We also found strong uptake of centring research in the context of oppression, but less attention is being paid to comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the importance of intersectional research within public health policy formation, as well as room for greater rigour in the use of intersectional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Tulli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Janet Kemei
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Glenda Bonifacio
- Women and Gender Studies, Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Linda C. Reif
- CN Professor of International Trade, Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Valentina Cardo
- Politics and Identity, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Roche
- Department of English and Related Literature, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Hurley
- Dean of Humanities and Social Sciences, Memorial University¸Newfoundland and Labrador’s University, St. John’s Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Bukola Salami
- Intersections of Gender Signature Area, Intersections of Gender, Nursing, Fellow, Canadian Academy of Nursing, Health and Immigration Policies and Practices Research Program (HIPP), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Casares-Jimenez M, Rivero-Juarez A, Lopez-Lopez P, Montes ML, Navarro-Soler R, Peraire J, Espinosa N, Alemán-Valls MR, Garcia-Garcia T, Caballero-Gomez J, Corona-Mata D, Perez-Valero I, Ulrich RG, Rivero A. Rat hepatitis E virus ( Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2295389. [PMID: 38095070 PMCID: PMC10763910 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2295389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV; species Rocahepevirus ratti) is considered a newly emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. ratHEV infection of people living with HIV (PLWH) might portend a worse, as with hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Paslahepevirus balayani), and consequently this group may constitute a high-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ratHEV by measuring viral RNA and specific IgG antibodies in a large Spanish cohort of PLWH. Multicentre study conducted in Spain evaluating PLWHIV included in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Patients were evaluated for ratHEV infection using PCR at baseline and anti-ratHEV IgG by dot blot analysis to evaluate exposure to ratHEV strains. Patients with detectable ratHEV RNA were followed-up to evaluate persistence of viremia and IgG seroconversion. Eight-hundred and forty-two individuals were tested. A total of 9 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV, supposing a prevalence of 1.1 (95% CI; 0.5%-2.1%). Of these, only one was reactive to HEV IgG antibodies by ELISA. One sample was positive for ratHEV RNA (prevalence of infection: 0.1%; 95% CI: 0.08%-0.7%). The case was a man who had sex with men exhibiting a slightly increased alanine transaminase level (49 IU/L) as only biochemical alteration. In the follow-up, the patients showed undetectable ratHEV RNA and seroconversion to specific ratHEV IgG antibodies. Our study shows that ratHEV is geographical broadly distributed in Spain, representing a potential zoonotic threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Casares-Jimenez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Lopez-Lopez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Montes
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Peraire
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nuria Espinosa
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, IbIS, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Tránsito Garcia-Garcia
- Immunogenomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), Genetic Department, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Gomez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Unit, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Diana Corona-Mata
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Perez-Valero
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Newton J, Ochoa L, Reinschmidt A, Vassar J, Wellman A, Vargas M, Kenyon D, Frohm M. Is beauty worth the risk? Self-confidence is the key motivating factor driving tanning bed use among undergraduate students at South Dakota universities. Int J Womens Dermatol 2024; 10:e128. [PMID: 38572264 PMCID: PMC10986912 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is a leading risk factor for developing all types of skin cancer. In the United States, an estimated 7.8 million young adults engage in indoor tanning. Objective Here, it is hypothesized that certain populations of students at undergraduate universities, namely sorority members, have a greater frequency of tanning bed usage than other groups of students and that regardless of sorority status, the most important motivating factor will be the intent to enhance one's appearance. Methods Undergraduate students at 2 state-funded universities were recruited for participation in this institutional review board-exempt survey via distribution to e-mail addresses and social media accounts affiliated with student organizations/clubs. Results Among all respondents, the most common motivating factors for tanning bed use were the perception of improved self-appearance and boosted self-confidence. Female sorority members were more likely to use tanning beds and also more likely to report being motivated by enhanced appearance and self-confidence, than their female counterparts who were not sorority members. Limitations The sample size (n = 321) and population of this study allows data to only be generalizable to surrounding states with similar demographics. The findings of this study are subject to recall bias as the data is self-reported. Conclusion Tanning bed use remains a popular practice among young people. Understanding motivations for tanning bed use among populations at increased risk of partaking in this behavior allows for educating these groups on the risks associated with ultraviolet radiation exposure. It is crucial that providers continue to promote skin health and take steps to dissuade detrimental practices and possible habit-forming behaviors at the individual and state levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Newton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Lauren Ochoa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Aly Reinschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - John Vassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Allen Wellman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Minga Vargas
- Office of Diversity and Inclusion, University of South Dakota School of Health Sciences, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - DenYelle Kenyon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Office of Diversity and Inclusion, University of South Dakota School of Health Sciences, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Marcus Frohm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
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Klitzman R, Remien RH, Beyrer C. Challenges in Arranging to Waive Parental Consent in HIV Prevention Studies of Adolescent Men Who have Sex with Men: The Case of HPTN 078. J Homosex 2024; 71:1584-1604. [PMID: 36883987 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2185093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Including adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) in HIV prevention and treatment studies without parental permission is vital, but has often faced barriers. We examine the case of recent Institutional Review Boards (IRB) reviews of an HIV treatment and prevention study that requested waiving parental permission at four United States sites, but received different responses from each institution. IRBs varied in whether and how they weighed parental rights against AMSMs' rights and individual and social benefits, and potential harms (e.g., if a parent disapproves of the adolescents' sexual behavior). One IRB "tabled" the decision to receive advice from the university Office of General Counsel (OGC), despite state laws allowing minors to consent to HIV testing and treatment without parental permission. Another IRB consulted the university's Chief Compliance Officer (CCO), which thought the waiver was inconsistent with state law, which discusses "venereal disease," but not HIV. University attorneys may have competing priorities, however, and thus interpret relevant laws differently. This case raises critical concerns, highlighting needs for advocates for AMSM, researchers, IRBs and others at institutional, governmental, and community levels to educate policymakers, public health departments, IRB chairs, members, and staff, OGCs and CCOs about these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klitzman
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Joseph Mailman School of Public Health, Bioethics Program, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert H Remien
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Clinical Medical Psychology (In Psychiatry), Columbia University and in the NY State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Epidemiology, International Health, Health Behavior and Society, Nursing, and Medicine, Johns Hopkins, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maeryland, USA
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10
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Krueger A, Myles DJF, Rice CP, Taylor TK, Hurwitz C, Morris J, Robinson S. Responding to avian influenza A H5N1 detection on a hospital property in Maine-An interdisciplinary approach. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:331-335. [PMID: 38009284 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of infection with avian influenza A viruses currently circulating in wild and domestic birds in the Americas is considered low for the general public; however, detections in humans have been reported and warning signs of increased zoonotic potential have been identified. In December 2022, two Canada geese residing on the grounds of an urban hospital in Maine tested positive for influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b. AIMS Given the opportunity for exposure to staff and hospital visitors through potentially infected faeces on the property, public health authorities determined mitigation efforts were needed to prevent the spread of disease. The ensuing response relied on collaboration between the public health and animal health agencies to guide the hospital through efforts in preventing possible zoonotic transmission to humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mitigation efforts included staff communication and education, environmental cleaning and disinfection, enhanced illness surveillance among staff and patients, and exposure and source reduction. RESULTS No human H5N1 cases were identified, and no additional detections in birds on the property occurred. Hospital staff identified barriers to preparedness resulting from a lack of understanding of avian influenza A viruses and transmission prevention methods, including avian influenza risk in resident wild bird populations and proper wildlife management methods. CONCLUSION As this virus continues to circulate at the animal-human interface, this event and resulting response highlights the need for influenza A H5N1 risk awareness and guidance for facilities and groups not traditionally involved in avian influenza responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krueger
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, Maine, United States
| | - Devin J F Myles
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, Maine, United States
- MCD Global Health, Hallowell, Maine, United States
| | - Carrie P Rice
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, Maine, United States
- MCD Global Health, Hallowell, Maine, United States
| | - Tegwin K Taylor
- Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Augusta, Maine, United States
| | - Carolyn Hurwitz
- Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry, Augusta, Maine, United States
| | - Jesse Morris
- United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, Maryland, United States
| | - Sara Robinson
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, Maine, United States
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11
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Bobier C, Hurst DJ, Rodger D, Omelianchuk A. Xenograft recipients and the right to withdraw from a clinical trial. Bioethics 2024; 38:308-315. [PMID: 38183638 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical xenotransplantation research using genetically engineered pigs has begun to show some promising results and could one day offer a scalable means of addressing organ shortage. While it is a fundamental tenet of ethical human subject research that participants have a right to withdraw from research once enrolled, several scholars have argued that the right to withdraw from xenotransplant research should be suspended because of the public health risks posed by xenozoonotic transmission. Here, we present a comprehensive critical evaluation of the claim that xenotransplant recipients should be required to waive their right to withdraw from lifelong biosurveillance. We conclude that if xenotransplantation requires participants to waive their right to withdraw, then clinical trials may not be justifiable, given the ethical and legal obstacles involved with doing so. Consequently, if clinical trials are permitted with a right to withdraw, then they may pose a significant public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bobier
- Department of Theology and Philosophy, Associate Director, Hendrickson Institute for Ethical Leadership, St. Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Hurst
- Department of Family Medicine Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel Rodger
- Institute of Health and Social Care, School of Allied and Community Health, London South Bank University, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Adam Omelianchuk
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Szablewski CM, McBride DS, Trock SC, Habing GG, Hoet AE, Nelson SW, Nolting JM, Bowman AS. Evolution of influenza A viruses in exhibition swine and transmission to humans, 2013-2015. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:281-293. [PMID: 38110691 PMCID: PMC10994755 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Swine are a mixing vessel for the emergence of novel reassortant influenza A viruses (IAV). Interspecies transmission of swine-origin IAV poses a public health and pandemic risk. In the United States, the majority of zoonotic IAV transmission events have occurred in association with swine exposure at agricultural fairs. Accordingly, this human-animal interface necessitates mitigation strategies informed by understanding of interspecies transmission mechanisms in exhibition swine. Likewise, the diversity of IAV in swine can be a source for novel reassortant or mutated viruses that pose a risk to both swine and human health. METHODS AND RESULTS In an effort to better understand those risks, here we investigated the epidemiology of IAV in exhibition swine and subsequent transmission to humans by performing phylogenetic analyses using full genome sequences from 272 IAV isolates collected from exhibition swine and 23 A(H3N2)v viruses from human hosts during 2013-2015. Sixty-seven fairs (24.2%) had at least one pig test positive for IAV with an overall estimated prevalence of 8.9% (95% CI: 8.3-9.6, Clopper-Pearson). Of the 19 genotypes found in swine, 5 were also identified in humans. There was a positive correlation between the number of human cases of a genotype and its prevalence in exhibition swine. Additionally, we demonstrated that A(H3N2)v viruses clustered tightly with exhibition swine viruses that were prevalent in the same year. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that multiple genotypes of swine-lineage IAV have infected humans, and highly prevalent IAV genotypes in exhibition swine during a given year are also the strains detected most frequently in human cases of variant IAV. Continued surveillance and rapid characterization of IAVs in exhibition swine can facilitate timely phenotypic evaluation and matching of candidate vaccine strains to those viruses present at the human-animal interface which are most likely to spillover into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Szablewski
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dillon S McBride
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan C Trock
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory G Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Armando E Hoet
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah W Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Nolting
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew S Bowman
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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13
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Catherine NLA, MacMillan H, Cullen A, Zheng Y, Xie H, Boyle M, Sheehan D, Lever R, Jack SM, Gonzalez A, Gafni A, Tonmyr L, Barr R, Marcellus L, Varcoe C, Waddell C. Effectiveness of nurse-home visiting in improving child and maternal outcomes prenatally to age two years: a randomised controlled trial (British Columbia Healthy Connections Project). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:644-655. [PMID: 37464862 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effectiveness of Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), a prenatal-to-age-two-years home-visiting programme, in British Columbia (BC), Canada. METHODS For this randomised controlled trial, we recruited participants from 26 public health settings who were: <25 years, nulliparous, <28 weeks gestation and experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. We randomly allocated participants (one-to-one; computer-generated) to intervention (NFP plus existing services) or comparison (existing services) groups. Prespecified outcomes were prenatal substance exposure (reported previously); child injuries (primary), language, cognition and mental health (problem behaviour) by age two years; and subsequent pregnancies by 24 months postpartum. Research interviewers were masked. We used intention-to-treat analyses. (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01672060.) RESULTS: From 2013 to 2016 we enrolled 739 participants (368 NFP, 371 comparison) who had 737 children. Counts for child injury healthcare encounters [rate per 1,000 person-years or RPY] were similar for NFP (223 [RPY 316.17]) and comparison (223 [RPY 305.43]; rate difference 10.74, 95% CI -46.96, 68.44; rate ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.78, 1.38). Maternal-reported language scores (mean, M [SD]) were statistically significantly higher for NFP (313.46 [195.96]) than comparison (282.77 [188.15]; mean difference [MD] 31.33, 95% CI 0.96, 61.71). Maternal-reported problem-behaviour scores (M [SD]) were statistically significantly lower for NFP (52.18 [9.19]) than comparison (54.42 [9.02]; MD -2.19, 95% CI -3.62, -0.75). Subsequent pregnancy counts were similar (NFP 115 [RPY 230.69] and comparison 117 [RPY 227.29]; rate difference 3.40, 95% CI -55.54, 62.34; hazard ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.79, 1.29). We observed no unanticipated adverse events. CONCLUSIONS NFP did not reduce child injuries or subsequent maternal pregnancies but did improve maternal-reported child language and mental health (problem behaviour) at age two years. Follow-up of long-term outcomes is warranted given that further benefits may emerge across childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ange Cullen
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yufei Zheng
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hui Xie
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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14
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Salerno PRVO, Qian A, Dong W, Deo S, Nasir K, Rajagopalan S, Al-Kindi S. County-level socio-environmental factors and obesity prevalence in the United States. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1766-1774. [PMID: 38356053 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate high-risk sociodemographic and environmental determinants of health (SEDH) potentially associated with adult obesity in counties in the United States using machine-learning techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of county-level adult obesity prevalence (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) in the United States using data from the Diabetes Surveillance System 2017. We harvested 49 county-level SEDH factors that were used in a classification and regression trees (CART) model to identify county-level clusters. The CART model was validated using a 'hold-out' set of counties and variable importance was evaluated using Random Forest. RESULTS Overall, we analysed 2752 counties in the United States, identifying a national median (interquartile range) obesity prevalence of 34.1% (30.2%, 37.7%). The CART method identified 11 clusters with a 60.8% relative increase in prevalence across the spectrum. Additionally, seven key SEDH variables were identified by CART to guide the categorization of clusters, including Physically Inactive (%), Diabetes (%), Severe Housing Problems (%), Food Insecurity (%), Uninsured (%), Population over 65 years (%) and Non-Hispanic Black (%). CONCLUSION There is significant county-level geographical variation in obesity prevalence in the United States, which can in part be explained by complex SEDH factors. The use of machine-learning techniques to analyse these factors can provide valuable insights into the importance of these upstream determinants of obesity and, therefore, aid in the development of geo-specific strategic interventions and optimize resource allocation to help battle the obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R V O Salerno
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center & Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alice Qian
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Weichuan Dong
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Salil Deo
- Surgical Services, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center & Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Dooley P. Working With the Strategy Master-Dr Michael Silverstein MD, MPH [1945-2024]. New Solut 2024; 34:8-9. [PMID: 38500368 DOI: 10.1177/10482911241238718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
New Solutions offers a short memorial statement noting the January 2, 2024, death of Dr Michael Silverstein, an internationally known leader in the field of occupational health and safety. Dr Silverstein spent 53 years specializing in the fields of occupational medicine, public health, and general preventive medicine. He was the Assistant Director for Occupational Health and Safety with the United Automobile Workers Union for 15 years. He served as the Director of Policy for the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) during the Clinton Administration. He later served as Director of the Washington State OSHA program for 10 years and was the Assistant Director for Industrial Safety and Health in the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries. A long-time friend of New Solutions, Dr Silverstein was the journal's first Scientific Solutions editor.
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16
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Critselis E, Panagiotakos D. Impact of Electronic Cigarette use on Cardiovascular Health: Current Evidence, Causal Pathways, and Public Health Implications. Angiology 2024; 75:417-424. [PMID: 36913951 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231161905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing in Europe and the USA. While mounting evidence exists regarding an array of associated adverse health effects, to date limited evidence exists regarding the health effects of e-cigarette use on cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). The present review summarizes the effects of e-cigarette use on CV health. A search strategy of in vivo experimental, observational studies (including population-based cohort studies), and interventional studies was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science (April 1, 2009-April 1, 2022). The main findings revealed that the influence of e-cigarette on health are attributed mainly to the individual and interactive effects of flavors and additives used in e-cigarette fluids, along with the extended heating. The above collectively stimulate prolonged sympathoexcitatory CV autonomic effects, such as increased heart rate and diastolic blood pressure (BP), as well as decreased oxygen saturation. Hence, e-cigarette users are at increased risk of developing atherosclerosis, hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Such risks are anticipated to increase, especially among the young who are increasingly adopting e-cigarette use particularly with flavored additives. Further investigations are urgently needed to evaluate the long-term effects of e-cigarette use, particularly among susceptible population groups such as youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Critselis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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17
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Sümen A, Adibelli D. The effect of case-based teaching method on professional competence and clinical decision-making levels of public health nursing students: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:446-457. [PMID: 38450824 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of case-based teaching method applied to fourth year nursing students on their professional competence and clinical decision-making levels. DESIGN A quasi-experimental design study with a sequential-exploratory mixed-method approach. SAMPLE 64 nursing students enrolled in the Public Health Nursing course. METHODS A case-based teaching program was applied to the students that cover the topics of the Public Health Nursing course. Quantitative phase data were collected with the Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale and Nursing Students' Competence Scale. For the qualitative part, focus group interviews were conducted with a Structured Interview Form. RESULTS It was determined that the total and subscale posttest scores of the students increased significantly compared to their pretest scores (p < .001). A moderate positive correlation was found between the total scores received from the scale and a significant positive correlation was found between researching information and adopting new information impartially and all sub-dimensions except care (p < .05). Three main themes emerged from the focus group interviews conducted after the case-based teaching method experience: usefulness, limitations, and improvement. CONCLUSIONS Case-based teaching method is effective on students' professional competence and clinical decision-making scores. Students' professional competence levels positively affect their clinical decision-making levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Sümen
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Kumluca Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Derya Adibelli
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
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18
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Tanaka A, Ogino T. Bone density estimation using tissue heat capacity. Clin Anat 2024; 37:466-471. [PMID: 38461466 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis onset is relatively asymptomatic, the condition often being identified only once a significant fracture occurs, leading to a potentially serious prognosis. Currently, early identification of osteoporosis is complicated by the difficulty in measuring bone density without using x-ray absorptiometry or quantitative ultrasound, so a simpler method for estimating bone density is needed. Given that bone is reported to have a lower specific heat than other tissues, we investigated the possibility of estimating bone density using this difference in tissue thermal properties. The tibia medial surface (shin) and medial malleolus (ankle) of 68 healthy volunteers were cooled using an ice bag, and skin surface temperatures and heat flow were recorded. These measurements were then used to calculate the heat energy transferred per unit temperature. Bone density was estimated by quantitative ultrasound using the T score OSISD, which is the participant's osteo sono-assessment index (OSI) compared to the average OSI of young adults. The heat energy transfer per unit temperature at the shin, but not the ankle, showed a significant negative correlation with T score OSISD (r = -0.413, p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that heat energy transfer per unit temperature at the shin was a significant predictor of T score OSISD, along with age and height. These results show that tissue thermal property measurements are useful for estimating bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Tanaka
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Sanyo Gakuen University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ogino
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
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19
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Clay C, Kuglen BC, Bennett CL. HIV testing at visits to US emergency departments: 2021 update. Sex Transm Infect 2024; 100:193-194. [PMID: 38531613 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2024-056128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this updated cross-sectional analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, we found that among the 2.5 million more weighted emergency department (ED) visits in 2021 compared with 2020, there was an insignificant increase in HIV testing per ED visit in 2021 compared with 2020 (0.81% to 0.86%). This suggests HIV testing during ED visits did not increase in line with rebounding visit volumes after the pandemic nadir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson Clay
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Christopher Lee Bennett
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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20
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Yurdadön C, Bruffaerts R, Sabbe M, Demyttenaere K, Peeters E, Gericke F, Voorspoels W. Transition to suicide ideation and attempt among emergency room patients. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e88. [PMID: 38634324 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB) represent a persistent and serious public health problem, and suicide is among the leading causes of death worldwide. We focus on predictors of transition rates and time courses through the STB spectrum among psychiatric emergency room (PER) patients. AIMS We aimed to investigate (a) whether currently suicidal patients had prior referrals to the PER, (b) for which reason they were previously referred to the PER and (c) the timing of this referral. METHOD We performed a retrospective study spanning 20 years with 24 815 PER referrals. Descriptive statistics of patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are provided and expressed as weighted proportions and means. Logistic regression was used to identify risk profiles of patients who had a higher chance of being referred for reasons of STB given their PER history. Multiple imputation and data weighting techniques were implemented. RESULTS STB among PER patients was persistent and led to repeated referrals (up to five times more likely), often within a short period (18% <1 month). Those previously referred for ideation/plan had 66% higher risk of making the transition to suicide attempt, with 25% making this transition within a month after previous referral. This is similar to the transition from depressed mood to suicide ideation/plan. CONCLUSIONS STBs in PER patients are persistent and lead to repeated referrals, often within a short period, including transitions to more severe forms of STB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elke Peeters
- Department Medical Affairs, Janssen-Cilag NV, Beerse, Belgium
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21
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DeWitt ME, Pabon V, Vasquez A, Wenner JJ, McNeil CJ. STI self-testing: ensuring representation and outreach to teens and adolescents in expanded approaches. Sex Transm Infect 2024; 100:190-191. [PMID: 38307856 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2023-056017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In our correspondence, we describe the results from a quality improvement survey in a sexual health clinic in North Carolina regarding attitudes and perceptions among adolescents and providers regarding specimen self-collection. We find that adolescents have high levels of acceptability for self-collection and confidence in their ability to self-collection; however, providers expressed hesitation regarding the ability of adolescents to self-collection. Our study shows that while self-collection may provide a way to expand testing access to difficult-to-reach populations, we must ensure that providers are confident in the corresponding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E DeWitt
- Department of Medicine, Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Strengthening the United States Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG), Guilford County Department of Public Health, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vonda Pabon
- North Carolina Strengthening the United States Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG), Guilford County Department of Public Health, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Vasquez
- North Carolina Strengthening the United States Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG), Guilford County Department of Public Health, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer J Wenner
- Department of Medicine, Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Strengthening the United States Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG), Guilford County Department of Public Health, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Candice J McNeil
- Department of Medicine, Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Strengthening the United States Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG), Guilford County Department of Public Health, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Chin S, Richardson CL, Gardner A, Nazar H. The impact and user experience of a student-led clinic providing preventative services. Int J Pharm Pract 2024:riae016. [PMID: 38635766 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preventative services are required to address the risk factors for chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease. The National Health Service Health Checks in England were introduced to provide such services. One School of Pharmacy established a student-led clinic to provide this service to the local community. The clinic was provided by undergraduate pharmacy students and delivered free of charge within a central city locality. The aim was to explore the impact of the clinic on user thoughts and motivations around healthy living and investigate user experience. METHODS A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was used consisting of a survey that measured users' thoughts about their health and well-being and experience of the clinic. Qualitative interviews explored the user experience and barriers and facilitators to making healthier lifestyle choices. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-four members of the public accessed the clinic over the evaluative period. Ninety-six (60%) completed the pre-post survey and 12 participated in follow-up interviews. Users reported statistically significant improvements in how informed, competent and motivated they felt towards making healthier lifestyle choices after the clinic consultation. Interview findings highlighted the positive user experience, reported appreciation for clinic accessibility, availability of healthy lifestyle education, and a desire for more preventative services being as readily available. CONCLUSIONS The student-led clinic has demonstrated positive impacts on user experience, knowledge, competence, and motivation to make healthier lifestyle choices. The clinic provides proof-of-concept for pharmacy students to deliver preventative community services that aim to improve population health at a time when primary care is experiencing unprecedented challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Chin
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam Gardner
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Hamde Nazar
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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23
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Boyer WR, Brenton M, Ehrlich SF, Churilla JR, Fitzhugh EC. The Physical Activity Guidelines and Diabetes-Related Mortality: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38634784 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have indicated an inverse relationship between aerobic physical activity (PA) and risk of diabetes-related mortality (DRM). However, the contribution of aerobic PA across multiple domains, while also considering the contribution of muscle-strengthening activity (MSA), in reduction of risk for DRM has yet to be examined. Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the individual and combined associations of aerobic PA and MSA with DRM. Methods: The study sample (n = 13,350) included adult (20-79 years of age) participants from the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PA was categorized into 6 categories based around the 2018 PA guidelines: category 1 (inactive), category 2 (insufficient aerobic PA and no MSA), category 3 [active (aerobic) and no MSA], category 4 (no aerobic PA and sufficient MSA), category 5 (insufficient aerobic PA and sufficient MSA), and category 6 (meeting both recommendations). The dependent variable in this study was DRM, which includes those who had diabetes as the primary cause of death as well as those with diabetes listed as an underlying cause of death. Cox proportional hazards models were used for all analyses. Results: Following adjustment for covariates, significant risk reductions for DRM were found only in category 3 (HR = 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.88). Conclusions: Results suggest that meeting the aerobic PA guidelines significantly reduces the risk for DRM. Those meeting versus not meeting the MSA guidelines seem to have no difference in risk for DRM independent of aerobic PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Boyer
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Madison Brenton
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Samantha F Ehrlich
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eugene C Fitzhugh
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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García YE, Schmidt AJ, Solis L, Daza-Torres ML, Montesinos-López JC, Pollock BH, Nuño M. Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Testing Adherence in a University Town: Recurrent Event Modeling Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e48784. [PMID: 38631033 DOI: 10.2196/48784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy Davis Together was a program launched in September 2020 in the city of Davis, California, to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and facilitate the return to normalcy. The program involved multiple interventions, including free saliva-based asymptomatic testing, targeted communication campaigns, education efforts, and distribution of personal protective equipment, community partnerships, and investments in the local economy. OBJECTIVE This study identified demographic characteristics of individuals that underwent testing and assessed adherence to testing over time in a community pandemic-response program launched in a college town in California, United States. METHODS This study outlines overall testing engagement, identifies demographic characteristics of participants, and evaluates testing participation changes over 4 periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, distinguished by the dominant variants Delta and Omicron. Additionally, a recurrent model is employed to explore testing patterns based on the participants' frequency, timing, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS A total of 770,165 tests were performed between November 18, 2020, and June 30, 2022, among 89,924 (41.1% of total population) residents of Yolo County, with significant participation from racially or ethnically diverse participants and across age groups. Most positive cases (6351 of total) and highest daily participation (895 per 100,000 population) were during the Omicron period. There were some gender and age-related differences in the pattern of recurrent COVID-19 testing. Men were slightly less likely (hazard ratio [HR] 0.969, 95% CI 0.943-0.996) to be retested and more likely (HR 1.104, 95% CI 1.075-1.134) to stop testing altogether than women. People aged between 20 and 34 years were less likely to be retested (HR 0.861, 95% CI 0.828-0.895) and more likely to stop testing altogether (HR 2.617, 95% CI 2.538-2.699). However, older age groups were less likely to stop testing, especially those aged between 65-74 years and 75-84 years, than those aged between 0 and 19 years. The likelihood of stopping testing was lower (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.889-0.976) for the Asian group and higher for the Hispanic or Latino (HR 1.185, 95% CI 1.148-1.223) and Black or African American (HR 1.198, 95% CI 1.054-1.350) groups than the White group. CONCLUSIONS The unique features of a pandemic response program that supported community-wide access to free asymptomatic testing provide a unique opportunity to evaluate adherence to testing recommendations and testing trends over time. Identification of individual and group-level factors associated with testing behaviors can provide insights for identifying potential areas of improvement in future testing initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury E García
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alec J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Leslie Solis
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - María L Daza-Torres
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Brad H Pollock
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Miriam Nuño
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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25
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Hansen MA, Lekodeba NA, Chevalier JM, Ockhuisen T, Del Rey-Puech P, Marban-Castro E, Martínez-Pérez GZ, Shilton S, Radzi Abu Hassan M, Getia V, Weinert-Mizuschima C, Tenorio Bezerra MI, Chala L, Leong R, Peregino R, Keller S, Spruijt I, Johnson CC, Girdwood SJ, Nichols BE. Cost of SARS-CoV-2 self-test distribution programmes by different modalities: a micro-costing study in five countries (Brazil, Georgia, Malaysia, Ethiopia and the Philippines). BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078852. [PMID: 38631825 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnostic testing is an important tool to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, yet access to and uptake of testing vary widely 3 years into the pandemic. The WHO recommends the use of COVID-19 self-testing as an option to help expand testing access. We aimed to calculate the cost of providing COVID-19 self-testing across countries and distribution modalities. DESIGN We estimated economic costs from the provider perspective to calculate the total cost and the cost per self-test kit distributed for three scenarios that differed by costing period (pilot, annual), the number of tests distributed (actual, planned, scaled assuming an epidemic peak) and self-test kit costs (pilot purchase price, 50% reduction). SETTING We used data collected between August and December 2022 in Brazil, Georgia, Malaysia, Ethiopia and the Philippines from pilot implementation studies designed to provide COVID-19 self-tests in a variety of settings-namely, workplace and healthcare facilities. RESULTS Across all five countries, 173 000 kits were distributed during pilot implementation with the cost/test distributed ranging from $2.44 to $12.78. The cost/self-test kit distributed was lowest in the scenario that assumed implementation over a longer period (year), with higher test demand (peak) and a test kit price reduction of 50% ($1.04-3.07). Across all countries and scenarios, test procurement occupied the greatest proportion of costs: 58-87% for countries with off-site self-testing (outside the workplace, for example, home) and 15-50% for countries with on-site self-testing (at the workplace). Staffing was the next key cost driver, particularly for distribution modalities that had on-site self-testing (29-35%) versus off-site self-testing (7-27%). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that it is likely to cost between $2.44 and $12.78 per test to distribute COVID-19 self-tests across common settings in five heterogeneous countries. Cost-effectiveness analyses using these results will allow policymakers to make informed decisions on optimally scaling up COVID-19 self-test distribution programmes across diverse settings and evolving needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Hansen
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Chevalier
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tom Ockhuisen
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimir Getia
- Lugar Research Center, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Lensa Chala
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Robert Leong
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Sara Keller
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke Spruijt
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sarah J Girdwood
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Johannesburg, South Africa
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brooke E Nichols
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
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Alrahbeni T, Gupta JK, Alkhouri A, Kumar LA, Mahal A, Al-Mugheed K, Satapathy P, Kukreti N, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Gaidhane AM, Rustagi S, Mohanty D, Padhi BK. Association of Air Pollution with Risk and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurotoxicology 2024:S0161-813X(24)00036-6. [PMID: 38636605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a significant health concern characterized by recurrent upper airway blockages during sleep, causing various health issues. There's growing evidence of a link between air pollution and OSA, though research results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to consolidate and examine data on the relationship between air pollution and OSA's risk and severity. METHODS A literature search across PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science was conducted until January 10, 2024. The selection criteria targeted studies involving OSA participants or those at risk, with quantitative air pollution assessments. The Nested Knowledge software facilitated screening and data extraction, while the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Meta-analyses, utilizing random-effects models, computed pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the OSA risk associated with PM2.5 and NO2 exposure, analyzed using R software version 4.3. RESULTS The systematic review included twelve studies, four of which were analyzed in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed diverse results on the association of PM2.5 and NO2 with OSA risk. PM2.5 exposure showed a pooled OR of 0.987 (95% CI: 0.836 to 1.138), indicating no substantial overall impact on OSA risk. Conversely, NO2 exposure was linked to a pooled OR of 1.095 (95% CI: 0.920 to 1.270), a non-significant increase in risk. Many studies found a relationship between air pollution exposure and elevated Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) levels, indicating a relationship between air pollution and OSA severity. CONCLUSION The findings suggest air pollutants, especially NO2, might play a role in worsening OSA risk and severity, but the evidence isn't definitive. This highlights the variability of different pollutants' effects and the necessity for more research. Understanding these links is vital for shaping public health policies and clinical approaches to address OSA amidst high air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anas Alkhouri
- College of Pharmacy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Ladi Alik Kumar
- Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Khalid Al-Mugheed
- Adult Health Nursing and Critical Care. Riyadh Elm University. Saudi Arabia.
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq.
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India.
| | - Shilpa Gaidhane
- One Health Centre (COHERD), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India.
| | - Abhay M Gaidhane
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, and Global Health Academy, School of Epidemiology and Public Health. Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India.
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dibyalochan Mohanty
- Centre for Nano Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India.
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Heckel M, Peters J, Schweighart S, Habermann M, Ostgathe C. Knowledge and Public Perception of Palliative Care in Germany. J Palliat Med 2024. [PMID: 38625024 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Literature reviews reveal poor knowledge and awareness of palliative care in the public. Health literacy deficits impact access to palliative care. Objectives: The aim of this manuscript is to explore the public perception of palliative care in Germany. Design: Triangulated qualitative research design: a snowball-spread online survey and a random pedestrian survey. Setting/Subjects: Citizens in Germany. Results: The pedestrian survey (n = 100) revealed 34% of the participants being not familiar with palliative care. The online survey (n = 994) 5.7% of participants reported to not know what palliative care was. The public's perception of palliative care is mainly medicine oriented, referring to inpatient care for the immediately dying; however, further significant misperceptions were scarce. Conclusions: The public perception shows an indistinct picture of palliative care, and some misconceptions about the objectives and areas of responsibility of the subject, meanwhile, palliative care is known to a majority of people. Understanding partly incomplete pictures of patients and relatives may help to react appropriately in staff-patient interactions and improve public relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Heckel
- Department of Palliative Medicine, CCC Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Peters
- Department of German Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanna Schweighart
- Department of Palliative Medicine, CCC Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mechthild Habermann
- Department of German Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Ostgathe
- Department of Palliative Medicine, CCC Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Bragazzi NL, Garbarino S. Assessing the Accuracy of Generative Conversational Artificial Intelligence in Debunking Sleep Health Myths: Mixed Methods Comparative Study With Expert Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e55762. [PMID: 38501898 DOI: 10.2196/55762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate sleep is essential for maintaining individual and public health, positively affecting cognition and well-being, and reducing chronic disease risks. It plays a significant role in driving the economy, public safety, and managing health care costs. Digital tools, including websites, sleep trackers, and apps, are key in promoting sleep health education. Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT (OpenAI, Microsoft Corp) offers accessible, personalized advice on sleep health but raises concerns about potential misinformation. This underscores the importance of ensuring that AI-driven sleep health information is accurate, given its significant impact on individual and public health, and the spread of sleep-related myths. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine ChatGPT's capability to debunk sleep-related disbeliefs. METHODS A mixed methods design was leveraged. ChatGPT categorized 20 sleep-related myths identified by 10 sleep experts and rated them in terms of falseness and public health significance, on a 5-point Likert scale. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and interrater agreement were also calculated. A qualitative comparative analysis was also conducted. RESULTS ChatGPT labeled a significant portion (n=17, 85%) of the statements as "false" (n=9, 45%) or "generally false" (n=8, 40%), with varying accuracy across different domains. For instance, it correctly identified most myths about "sleep timing," "sleep duration," and "behaviors during sleep," while it had varying degrees of success with other categories such as "pre-sleep behaviors" and "brain function and sleep." ChatGPT's assessment of the degree of falseness and public health significance, on the 5-point Likert scale, revealed an average score of 3.45 (SD 0.87) and 3.15 (SD 0.99), respectively, indicating a good level of accuracy in identifying the falseness of statements and a good understanding of their impact on public health. The AI-based tool showed a sensitivity of 85% and a positive predictive value of 100%. Overall, this indicates that when ChatGPT labels a statement as false, it is highly reliable, but it may miss identifying some false statements. When comparing with expert ratings, high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between ChatGPT's appraisals and expert opinions could be found, suggesting that the AI's ratings were generally aligned with expert views on falseness (ICC=.83, P<.001) and public health significance (ICC=.79, P=.001) of sleep-related myths. Qualitatively, both ChatGPT and sleep experts refuted sleep-related misconceptions. However, ChatGPT adopted a more accessible style and provided a more generalized view, focusing on broad concepts, while experts sometimes used technical jargon, providing evidence-based explanations. CONCLUSIONS ChatGPT-4 can accurately address sleep-related queries and debunk sleep-related myths, with a performance comparable to sleep experts, even if, given its limitations, the AI cannot completely replace expert opinions, especially in nuanced and complex fields such as sleep health, but can be a valuable complement in the dissemination of updated information and promotion of healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Ahamed F, Jaiswal A, Sahoo S, Ghosh T, Kaur A, Rehman T, Goswami K. Impact of supplementation with iron-folic acid (IFA) and vitamin D 3 compared with IFA alone on haemoglobin levels in elderly people with mild-to-moderate anaemia: protocol for the double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled Iron and vitamin D trial in Elderly Anemia (IDEA). BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080303. [PMID: 38626969 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaemia in the elderly is often difficult to treat with iron supplementation alone as prevalence of anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) alone or mixed with iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) is high in this age group. Hepcidin remains high in ACD, preventing utilisation of iron for heme synthesis. Vitamin D3 has shown hepcidin suppression activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. As there is no study assessing the effect of iron-folic acid (IFA) with vitamin D3 on haemoglobin levels in the elderly in India, we want to conduct this study to estimate the impact of supplementation of a therapeutic package of IFA and vitamin D3 on haemoglobin levels in the elderly with mild-to-moderate anaemia in comparison with IFA only. The study will also assess the impact of the proposed intervention on ferritin, hepcidin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, C reactive protein (CRP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a community-based, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. The study will be done in the Kalyani municipality area. Individuals aged ≥60 years with mild-to-moderate anaemia and normal vitamin D3 levels will be randomised into the intervention (IFA and vitamin D3 supplementation) group or the control group (IFA and olive oil as placebo). All medications will be self-administered. Follow-up will be done on a weekly basis for 12 weeks. The calculated sample size is 150 in each arm. Block randomisation will be done. The primary outcome is change in haemoglobin levels from baseline to 12 weeks. Secondary outcome is change in serum ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, hepcidin, CRP and PTH levels from baseline to 12 weeks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee of All India Institute of Medical Sciences Kalyani has been obtained (IEC/AIIMS/Kalyani/Meeting/2022/03). Written informed consent will be obtained from each study participant. The trial results will be reported through publication in a reputable journal and disseminated through health talks within the communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2022/05/042775. PROTOCOL VERSION Version 1.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ahamed
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Jaiswal
- Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital Faridabad, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sibasish Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Tandra Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanveer Rehman
- Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Kalyan Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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Kim H, Choi D, Shim H, Sohng KY, Choi MJ. Educational needs of community visiting nurses for infection prevention and control: Application of the Borich needs assessment and the Locus for Focus models. Public Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38623869 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the educational needs and analyze the priorities of infection prevention and control (IPC) for community-visiting nurses. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. SAMPLE This study was conducted with 144 visiting nurses working in public health centers and long-term care facilities in South Korea. METHOD A total of 23 questions in five subcategories were used to measure the current knowledge and perceived importance of IPC in community-visiting nursing. Data were collected from June 23 to October 30, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed paired t-test, the Borich needs assessment, and the Locus for Focus models. RESULTS Top-priority content was defined as content belonging to two models, the first 10 contents of Borich needs assessment and the contents located in the Quadrant I of the Locus for Focus models. "Reporting in case of infection-related accidents," "Mandatory vaccination for visiting nurses," "Standard precaution," "Airborne precaution," "Contact precautions," "Respiratory infection control," and "Post-visit management." CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that it is necessary to provide visiting nurses with more opportunities for IPC education and to develop standardized IPC programs that consider educational priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyungSeon Kim
- Department of Nursing, Bucheon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Choi
- College of Nursing, Incheon Catholic University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Shim
- Yonhee Seniors Nursing Home, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yae Sohng
- Professor Emeritus, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Choi
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ribeiro CLP, D’Oliveira CAFB, Campos ÉDA, de Carvalho LF, Pinto LDA, Duffrayer KM, Magalhães PH, Proença R, Cerbino J, Aguilar GMO, Garcia MHDO. Notified cases of mpox in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2022. Epidemiol Serv Saude 2024; 33:e2023899. [PMID: 38629675 PMCID: PMC11019841 DOI: 10.1590/s2237-96222024v33e2023899.en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the profile of cases of mpox in the city of Rio de Janeiro between June and November 2022. METHODS This was a descriptive study of secondary data obtained from mpox notification forms. Socioeconomic, clinical and spatial data were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 928 cases, 93.7% were male, 85.0% cisgender male, 65.6% homosexual, 41.8% between 30 and 39 years old, and 41.0% were of White race/skin color. A total of 34.5% had immunosuppression due to illness, and 41.9% reported their HIV status as being positive. The most prevalent signs and symptoms were: skin lesions (96.6%), especially with multiple manifestations (67.8%) in the genital region (46.1%), in addition to fever (58.3%), adenomegaly (43.3%) and headache (38.7%). Most notifications occurred in public services (81.3%) and in hospital care (51.3%). CONCLUSION The study revealed high incidence of mpox, especially among young, cisgender and homosexual men. Most cases were mild, with genital lesions, progressing to cure without hospitalization. Person-to-person transmission was predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Luiz Pereira Ribeiro
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Coordenação de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Élida de Albuquerque Campos
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Coordenação de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Freire de Carvalho
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Almeida Pinto
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Coordenação de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karoline Moreira Duffrayer
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Coordenação de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Poliana Hilário Magalhães
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Coordenação de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel Proença
- Ministério da Saúde, Departamento de Emergências em Saúde Pública, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José Cerbino
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gislani Mateus Oliveira Aguilar
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Onaji MO, Ibrahim U, Chia MA. Metals in vegetables from markets in Zaria, Nigeria and risk assessment. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38616549 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2339310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study, investigated the concentrations of cadmium, lead and arsenic in vegetables grown with irrigation and sold in Sabon gari and Samaru markets in Zaria, Nigeria. Cadmium was absent in amaranthus, pepper and tomatoes purchased from Samaru market. Nevertheless, amaranthus and lettuce had higher concentrations of these toxic metals than pepper. Total arsenic concentrations in the investigated vegetables were higher than the maximum levels set by the World Health Organization. Total daily intake of the metals was higher than the maximum levels for consuming vegetables from these markets. Therefore, individuals who consume these foods may be at risk. These results indicate the possibility of toxic metal contamination in vegetables purchased from Zaria markets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umar Ibrahim
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mathias Ahii Chia
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Hawthorn L, Matysek R, Neville J, Gibson I, Taunton C, Thomas R, Galloway S, Hodal A, Hempenstall A. A mixed-methods evaluation: COVID Care in the Home, a public health response to the first omicron wave across the Torres and Cape region, Queensland. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100147. [PMID: 38613931 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to evaluate the COVID-19 Care in the Home (CCITH) program during the first COVID-19 omicron wave across Torres Strait and Cape York region of Far North Queensland in 2022. METHODS A mixed-method study: An online survey and semi-structured interviews of CCITH internal and external stakeholders and participants was utilised to develop a greater understanding of perspectives of the program. RESULTS Survey participants n=140. Most survey respondents did not attend hospital, emergency, or primary healthcare centre during isolation for medical assistance (82%, 115/140) and most strongly agreed/agreed (87%, 122/140) that the CCITH program cared for their health needs. Interview participants n=14. Thematic analysis of interviews verified survey responses and identified successes of this program including improved community relationships and primary healthcare centres and community members felt supported. Limitations included rapid changes to policies and roles and limited food availability during isolation. CONCLUSIONS The CCITH program highlights the resilience and self-determination of First Nations communities and primary health staff across the Torres Strait and Cape York throughout the first COVID-19 outbreak in the region. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH This virtual model of care could be employed in similar settings to improve service provision in both primary and public health to increase community safety and achieve good health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Hawthorn
- Public Health Unit Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Rittia Matysek
- Public Health Unit Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johanna Neville
- Public Health Unit Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ivana Gibson
- Hope Vale Primary Healthcare Centre, Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Hope Vale 4985, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caroline Taunton
- Public Health Unit Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rae Thomas
- Tropical Australian Academic Health Centre, James Cook University, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Galloway
- Public Health Unit Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra Hodal
- Public Health Unit Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allison Hempenstall
- Public Health Unit Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia
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Fox F, Hayes J, Whelan B, Casey D, Connolly M. Key Factors Impacting a Medical Ventilator Supply Chain During the COVID- 19 Pandemic: Lessons for Pandemic Preparedness. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e65. [PMID: 38606429 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Future pandemics may cause more severe respiratory illness in younger age groups than COVID-19, requiring many more mechanical ventilators. This publication synthesizes the experiences of diverse contributors to Medtronic's mechanical ventilator supply chain during the pandemic, serving as a record of what worked and what didn't, while identifying key factors affecting production ramp-up in this healthcare crisis. METHOD In-depth, one-on-one interviews (n = 17) were held with key Medtronic personnel and suppliers. Template analysis was used, and interview content was analyzed for signals, initiatives, actions, and outcomes, as well as influencing forces. RESULTS Key findings revealed many factors limiting ventilator production ramp-up. Supply chain strengths and weaknesses were identified. Political factors played a role in allocating ventilators and also supported production. Commercial considerations were not priority, but economic awareness was essential to support suppliers. Workers were motivated and flexible. Component shortages, space, production processes, and logistics were challenges. Legally based pressures were reported e.g., import and export restrictions. CONCLUSION Crisis response alone is not enough; preparation is essential. Coordinated international strategies are more effective than individual country responses. Supply chain resilience based on visibility and flexibility is key. This research can help public health planners and the medical device industry prepare for future healthcare crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Fox
- University of Galway, Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica Hayes
- University of Galway, Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Barbara Whelan
- University of Galway, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dympna Casey
- University of Galway, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Galway, Ireland
| | - Máire Connolly
- University of Galway, Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Galway, Ireland
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Gan RK, Alsua C, Aregay A, Assaf D, Bruni E, Arcos González P. Exploring Cascading Disaster Risk During Complex Emergencies: Chemical Industry Disaster Risk Assessment in the Aftermath of the Kakhovka Dam Bombing in Ukraine. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e62. [PMID: 38606438 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This risk assessment aims to investigate the analysis of cascading disaster risks from the perspective of the chemical industry and public health subsequent to the Kakhovka dam bombing in Ukraine. METHOD The study utilized a modified observational cross-sectional risk assessment method to assess disaster risk. The method involved identifying the location of chemical factories, determining flooded or at-risk factories, analyzing the type and frequency of chemical hazards, assessing population exposure, and plotting a disaster risk metric. Data on chemical industries and flood extent were collected from open-source secondary data. RESULTS The destruction of the Kakhovka dam in June 2023 led to severe flooding, placing 42 000 individuals at risk. The analysis identified four chemical factories, with 1 affected by flooding and 3 at risk. The overall risk assessment indicated a high likelihood and severe consequences, including loss of life, environmental contamination, and property damage. CONCLUSION The combination of complex emergencies and high-risk chemical facilities in Kherson Oblast poses a significant risk of a chemical industry disaster. The interplay between compound and cascading risks during complex emergencies amid the current war further exacerbates the situation, leading to the devastation and destruction of the environment to the detriment of life, and aligns with the characterization of ecocide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kye Gan
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Public Health Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carlos Alsua
- McGuire Center for Entrepreneurship, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aron Aregay
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Public Health Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Denise Assaf
- Independent Public Health Specialist, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Emanuele Bruni
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Public Health Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pedro Arcos González
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Public Health Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Maaß L, Zeeb H, Rothgang H. International perspectives on measuring national digital public health system maturity through a multidisciplinary Delphi study. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:92. [PMID: 38609458 PMCID: PMC11014962 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Unlocking the full potential of digital public health (DiPH) systems requires a comprehensive tool to assess their maturity. While the World Health Organization and the International Telecommunication Union released a toolkit in 2012 covering various aspects of digitalizing national healthcare systems, a holistic maturity assessment tool has been lacking ever since. To bridge this gap, we conducted a pioneering Delphi study, to which 54 experts from diverse continents and academic fields actively contributed to at least one of three rounds. 54 experts participated in developing and rating multidisciplinary quality indicators to measure the maturity of national digital public health systems. Participants established consensus on these indicators with a threshold of 70% agreement on indicator importance. Eventually, 96 indicators were identified and agreed upon by experts. Notably, 48% of these indicators were found to align with existing validated tools, highlighting their relevance and reliability. However, further investigation is required to assess the suitability and applicability of all the suggestions put forward by our participants. Nevertheless, this Delphi study is an essential initial stride toward a comprehensive measurement tool for DiPH system maturity. By working towards a standardized assessment of DiPH system maturity, we aim to empower decision-makers to make informed choices, optimize resource allocation, and drive innovation in healthcare delivery. The results of this study mark a significant milestone in advancing DiPH on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maaß
- University of Bremen, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, Department Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, Bremen, Germany.
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Digital Public Health Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Digital Public Health Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Department Prevention and Evaluation, Bremen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rothgang
- University of Bremen, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, Department Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Digital Public Health Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Gómez-Salgado J, Carrión-Rico D, García-Iglesias JJ, Climent-Rodríguez JA, Miranda-Plata R, Pichardo-Hexamer R, Navarro-Abal Y, Fagundo-Rivera J, Vaca-Acosta RM, Ruiz-Frutos C, Allande-Cussó R. Psychological distress among unemployed migrants settling in southwestern Spain: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37418. [PMID: 38608085 PMCID: PMC11018158 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Migrants living in the informal settlements of Southern Spain tend to have precarious employment and poor living conditions, making then vulnerable to mental health issues. This study aimed to assess psychological distress in a sample of unemployed migrants residing in informal settlements in the province of Huelva (southern Spain), during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the months of April to June 2021, through a heteroadministered questionnaire, in informal settlements. The measurement instrument was the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), used to analyze psychological distress, and other sociodemographic and health-related variables. Univariate and bivariate descriptive data analysis were performed, using the nonparametric statistics Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Tau β correlation. A categorical regression analysis was performed to study the relationship between psychological distress and the rest of the variables. The sample consisted of 317 subjects, 83.9% of whom were males, and the mean age was 33.4 years (SD = 10.7 years). The mean score obtained in the GHQ-12 questionnaire was 13.69 points (SD = 3.86). Significant differences were found between levels of psychological distress and substance abuse (H = 14.085; P = .049), people who wished to stay in Spain (t = 6987; P = .049), people who experienced isolation due to COVID-19 contact (t = 1379.5; P = .001), people who needed medical assistance due to COVID-19 (t = 7.990; P = .018), and those who reported having chronic illnesses (t = 2686.5, P = .02). The mean score of psychological distress indicates general high levels of psychological distress. Participants who had experienced isolation due to COVID-19 contact, who consumed substances, and who had chronic illnesses reported the highest levels of psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - David Carrión-Rico
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús García-Iglesias
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Yolanda Navarro-Abal
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Rosa María Vaca-Acosta
- Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Regina Allande-Cussó
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry. University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Ahn SK, Seo HJ, Choi MJ. Trends and regional distribution in health-related quality of life across sex and employment status: A repeated population-based cross-sectional study. J Occup Health 2024:uiae017. [PMID: 38604179 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association between sex and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on employment status. METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 1,996,153 adults aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the Korea Community Health Survey from 2011 to 2019. Low HRQoL was classified based on separate cutoff points (males: 0.92, females: 0.90) on the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions index. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS From 2011 to 2019, the trend of the prevalence of low HRQoL levels was consistently high in the order of unemployed males, unemployed females, employed males, and employed females. Regarding the regional distribution of unemployed males, the prevalence of low HRQoL was between 29.5% and 43.5%. Unemployed males had a higher prevalence of low HRQoL (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.12-1.24) than employed males. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the prevalence of low HRQoL levels among unemployed males was consistently high at the annual trend and regional levels. Further research considering comprehensive health determinants and multi-dimensional public health interventions is required to prevent the transition from unemployment to the deterioration of HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ki Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Seo
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Choi
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Bradford CPJ, O'Malley CL, Moore HJ, Gray N, Townshend TG, Chang M, Mathews C, Lake AA. 'Acceleration' of the food delivery marketplace: Perspectives of local authority professionals in the North-East of England on temporary COVID regulations. NUTR BULL 2024. [PMID: 38605430 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In January 2021, we assessed the implications of temporary regulations in the United Kingdom allowing pubs and restaurants to operate on a takeaway basis without instigating a change of use. Local authorities (LAs) across the North-East of England were unaware of any data regarding the take-up of these regulations, partially due to ongoing capacity issues; participants also raised health concerns around takeaway use increasing significantly. One year on, we repeated the study aiming to understand the impact of these regulations on the policy and practice of key professional groups. Specifically, we wanted to understand if LAs were still struggling with staff capacity to address the regulations, whether professionals still had public health trepidations, and if any unexpected changes had occurred across the local food environment because of the pandemic. We conversed with 16 public health professionals, planners and environmental health officers across seven LAs throughout the North-East of England via focus groups and interviews. Data collated were analysed via an inductive and semantic, reflexive-thematic approach. Through analysis of the data, three themes were generated and are discussed throughout: popular online delivery services as a mediator to increased takeaway usage; potential long-term health implications and challenges; continued uncertainty regarding the temporary regulations. This paper highlights important changes to local food environments, which public health professionals should be aware of, so they are better equipped to tackle health inequalities across urban and sub-urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum P J Bradford
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire L O'Malley
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen J Moore
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Nick Gray
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Tim G Townshend
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Chang
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, London, UK
| | - Claire Mathews
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, London, UK
| | - Amelia A Lake
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Ghosh R, Gutierrez JP, de Jesús Ascencio-Montiel I, Juárez-Flores A, Bertozzi SM. SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester of pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: a Mexican retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075928. [PMID: 38604636 PMCID: PMC11015228 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conflicting evidence for the association between COVID-19 and adverse perinatal outcomes exists. This study examined the associations between maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes including preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational age (SGA), large-for-gestational age (LGA) and fetal death; as well as whether the associations differ by trimester of infection. DESIGN AND SETTING The study used a retrospective Mexican birth cohort from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico, between January 2020 and November 2021. PARTICIPANTS We used the social security administrative dataset from IMSS that had COVID-19 information and linked it with the IMSS routine hospitalisation dataset, to identify deliveries in the study period with a test for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. OUTCOME MEASURES PTB, LBW, SGA, LGA and fetal death. We used targeted maximum likelihood estimators, to quantify associations (risk ratio, RR) and CIs. We fit models for the overall COVID-19 sample, and separately for those with mild or severe disease, and by trimester of infection. Additionally, we investigated potential bias induced by missing non-tested pregnancies. RESULTS The overall sample comprised 17 340 singleton pregnancies, of which 30% tested positive. We found that those with mild COVID-19 had an RR of 0.89 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.99) for PTB and those with severe COVID-19 had an RR of 1.53 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.19) for LGA. COVID-19 in the first trimester was associated with fetal death, RR=2.36 (95% CI 1.04, 5.36). Results also demonstrate that missing non-tested pregnancies might induce bias in the associations. CONCLUSIONS In the overall sample, there was no evidence of an association between COVID-19 and adverse perinatal outcomes. However, the findings suggest that severe COVID-19 may increase the risk of some perinatal outcomes, with the first trimester potentially being a high-risk period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Ghosh
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Gutierrez
- Center for Policy, Population & Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Arturo Juárez-Flores
- Center for Policy, Population & Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stefano M Bertozzi
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- University of Washington - Seattle Campus, Seattle, Washington, USA
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Mulderry C, Jackson BN, Purdy SC. Children's speech, language and communication skills and parental knowledge in the growing up in New Zealand cohort. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2024. [PMID: 38602295 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a substantial discrepancy between international and local prevalence rates for speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) amongst children in New Zealand. Reports of communication impairment are likely to be underestimates. Prevalence data can describe population characteristics and inform the scope and nature of services to adequately meet demand. Parents and other caregivers are central to the early identification of children with communication needs but they may not recognise their child's needs or act on their concerns. METHOD Cross-sectional data were available for the Growing Up in New Zealand (GUiNZ) longitudinal study cohort at 24, 54 and 72 months of age, with 76% of whānau (families; n = 5241) completing three data waves. Descriptive and chi-square analyses were used to address: (1) What are the communication abilities of children in the first 5 years of life? (2) What do New Zealand parents understand of their children's communication? (3) Do New Zealand parents have concerns? (4) What are the trajectories of parental concern for children's communication in the first 6 years of life? RESULTS At 24 months old, 16% of children had communication skills that were of concern to their parents. At 54 months, there were concerns for 12.6% of children. Although most parents were able to describe their child's expressive abilities, many parents remained unconcerned when their child demonstrated communication skills that did not met developmental expectations. CONCLUSION Parents can offer valuable insights about their children, but in many cases their level of concern about SLCN did not align with a professional view which reflects a more nuanced understanding of children's speech and language and the impact on future communication skills and needs. Increased awareness through public health messaging specifically regarding lifelong influences of communication challenges will aid in prevention, early detection and intervention. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on this subject Parent's expectations of child speech and language development will inform how responsive they are to difficulties in their child. Appropriate parental concern is key to recognition of children with speech, language and communication needs that warrant referral to a professional. What this paper adds to existing knowledge Parents are aware of expressive language skills that children acquire and can accurately identify their children's skills but have less knowledge of the ages of acquisition. Some parents are not concerned, do not seek support despite recognisable difficulties, and demonstrate limited understanding of the future consequences for children with communication needs that are unmet. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Public health messaging should include both skills and age ranges for speech and language acquisition. Additionally, educating the public of the impact of speech, language and communication skills on children's futures is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca N Jackson
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abdu N, Weldemariam DG, Goitom Tesfagaber A, Tewelde T, Tesfamariam EH. A cross-sectional study on the proper administration of eye medications and its determinants among outpatients attending Brhan Aini Ophthalmic National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084168. [PMID: 38604641 PMCID: PMC11015198 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the administration technique of eye medications, its determinants and disposal practices among ophthalmic outpatients. DESIGN An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTING Brhan Aini Ophthalmic National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea. PARTICIPANTS Samples of ophthalmic outpatients aged >18 years who visited Brhan Aini Ophthalmic National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were collected from August 2021 to September 2021, using an interview-based questionnaire. The collected data were entered and analysed using CSPro (V.7.3) and SPSS (V.26), respectively. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test were performed. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant. RESULTS A total of 333 respondents with a mean age of 56.4 (SD: 18.76) years were recruited in the study. More than half of the respondents (57.4%) did not have any information on the time interval between two successive eye medications. However, only 16.5% of the respondents managed to close their tear ducts after the administration of eye medication. The mean (SD) score for proper administration of eye medication was 4.16 (1.07) out of 7.0. Female sex (p=0.002), the absence of glaucoma (p=0.035) and the presence of cataract (p=0.014) were significant determinants of the proper administration technique of eye medication. The most favoured disposal practice for unused and/or expired eye medications was disposing of regular garbage (79.9%). CONCLUSION This research revealed that there was an inappropriate administration technique and disposal practices of eye medications among ophthalmic outpatients. This requires immediate attention from policy-makers, programme managers and healthcare professionals to ensure the appropriate use of eye medications by the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuru Abdu
- Adi-Tekelezan Community Hospital, Ministry of Health Eritrea, Adi-Tekelezan, Eritrea
| | | | | | - Tomas Tewelde
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy Unit, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Eyasu H Tesfamariam
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, Mai-Nefhi, Asmara, Eritrea
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Verot E, Chaux R, Gagnaire J, Bonjean P, Gagneux-Brunon A, Berthelot P, Pelissier C, Boulamail B, Chauvin F, Pozzetto B, Botelho-Nevers E. Evaluating the Knowledge of and Behavior Toward COVID-19 and the Possibility of Isolating at a City Level: Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47170. [PMID: 38602767 PMCID: PMC11013031 DOI: 10.2196/47170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass testing campaigns were proposed in France during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to detect and isolate asymptomatic individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2. During mass testing in Saint-Étienne (February 2021), we performed a survey of the general population. OBJECTIVE We evaluated, on the scale of a city's population, the literacy level about SARS-CoV-2 transmission, barrier gesture respect, and isolation acceptability or possibility in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We used the validated CovQuest-CC questionnaire. Data were analyzed and correlated with volunteer characteristics and their SARS-CoV-2 screening results using multivariate analysis. RESULTS In total, 4707 participants completed the CovQuest-CC questionnaire. Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex was a determinant of a higher score of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 transmission (adjusted β coefficient=0.14, 95% CI 0.04-0.23; corrected P=.02). Older ages of 50-59 years (adjusted β coefficient=0.25, 95% CI 0.19-0.31; corrected P<.001) and ≥60 years (adjusted β coefficient=0.25, 95% CI 0.15-0.34; corrected P<.001) were determinants of a higher score on barrier gesture respect compared to ages 20-49 years considered as reference. Female sex was also a determinant of a higher score on barrier gesture respect (adjusted β coefficient=0.10, 95% CI 0.02-4.63; corrected P<.001). The knowledge score was correlated with the score on barrier gesture respect measures (adjusted β coefficient=0.03, 95% CI 0.001-0.004; corrected P=.001). Older ages of 50-59 years (adjusted β coefficient=0.21, 95% CI 0.13-0.29; corrected P<.001) and ≥60 years (adjusted β coefficient=0.25, 95% CI 0.1-0.38; corrected P<.001) were determinants of a higher score on isolation acceptability or possibility compared to the age of 20-49 years considered as reference. Finally, the knowledge score regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission was significantly associated with a lower risk of RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) positivity (adjusted odds ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.94; corrected P<.03), implying that a 1-point increase in the knowledge score lowers the risk of positivity by 20% on average. CONCLUSIONS This study identified factors associated with health literacy regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic individuals in a large French city's population. We can confirm that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the determinants of better health literacy are not the same as those in other contexts. It seems critical to obtain a more detailed understanding of the determinants of individual citizens' behavior, as part of a strategy to combat the large-scale spread of the virus. The harsh experience of this pandemic should teach us how to nurture research to structure customized interventions to encourage the adoption of ad hoc behaviors to engage citizens in adapting behaviors more favorable to their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Verot
- CIC EC 1408 INSERM Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Chaire Hygée, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Robin Chaux
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Julie Gagnaire
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Unité de Gestion des Risques infectieux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul Bonjean
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amandine Gagneux-Brunon
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Service d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Chaire PreVacCI, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Unité de Gestion des Risques infectieux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Chaire PreVacCI, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Carole Pelissier
- Occupational Health Service University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- UMRESTTE, Université Lyon 1, Université Gustave Eiffel-IFSTTAR, UMR t 9405, Lyon, France
| | - Billal Boulamail
- Unité de Gestion des Risques infectieux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Franck Chauvin
- CIC EC 1408 INSERM Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Chaire Hygée, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Service d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Chaire PreVacCI, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
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Rice H, Collins C, Cherney E. Beyond Birth Work: Addressing Social Determinants of Health With Community Perinatal Support Doulas. Clin Nurs Res 2024:10547738241244590. [PMID: 38600831 DOI: 10.1177/10547738241244590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Adverse maternal and infant health outcomes among African Americans are increasingly recognized as indicators of a critical public health crisis in the United States. Research has found that stress is related to structural racism and the social determinants of health (SDOH) that cause avoidable, unfair inequities in resources, education, power, and opportunities across ethnic groups. This paper describes the SDOH needs and experiences of pregnant Black women from the perspective of doulas and Birthing Beautiful Communities (BBC) clients. The design was a qualitative description, using data collected over time (2017-2018, 2020-2021, and 2023). This study took place in Cleveland and Akron, Ohio and the sample included 58 clients, 26 doulas, and 2 resource intake specialist assistants (RISAs). Qualitative data included individual client interviews, three doula focus groups, and one interview with two BBC RISAs. Three coders used content analysis to deductively identify SDOHs and calculate the number of interviews that contained information about specific SDOHs. Although the sample reported issues with all SDOH, particular ones caused a cascade of SDOH effects. Transportation issues, for example, impeded women from being able to make it to work, doctor's appointments, and to purchase essential baby items (e.g., food, infant supplies). An inability to work-whether because of transportation challenges or pregnancy-related health complications-led to unstable housing and an inability to deal with transportation challenges. Many clients mentioned that housing was a major issue, with many clients experiencing housing instability. Implications include ensuring SDOH information is collected from a trusted source who can advocate and ensure access to a wide range of local resources, ensuring policies protect pregnant women from experiencing a cascade of SDOH that may contribute to continuing health disparate infant and maternal health outcomes in African American women.
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Sun Y, Prabhu P, Li D, McIntosh S, Rahman I. Vaping: Public Health, Social Media, and Toxicity. Online J Public Health Inform 2024; 16:e53245. [PMID: 38602734 DOI: 10.2196/53245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This viewpoint aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of vaping from various perspectives that contribute to the invention, development, spread, and consequences of e-cigarette products and vaping. Our analysis showed that the specific characteristics of e-cigarette products as well as marketing strategies, especially social media marketing, fostered the spread of vaping and the subsequent effects on human health and toxicity. We analyzed the components of e-cigarette devices and e-liquids, including the latest variants whose impacts were often overlooked. The different forms of nicotine, including salts and freebase nicotine, tobacco-derived nicotine, tobacco-free nicotine, and cooling agents (WS3 and WS23), have brought more choices for vapers along with more ways for e-cigarette manufacturers to advertise false understandings and present a greater threat to vapers' health. Our work emphasized the products of brands that have gained significant influence recently, which are contributing to severe public health issues. On the other hand, we also discussed in detail the toxicity of e-liquid components and proposed a toxicity mechanism. We also noticed that nicotine and other chemicals in e-liquids promote each other's negative effects through the oxidative stress and inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, a mechanism leading to pulmonary symptoms and addiction. The impact of government regulations on the products themselves, including flavor bans or regulations, has been limited. Therefore, we proposed further interventions or harm reduction strategies from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehao Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Prital Prabhu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Islam MS, Pramanik PK, Rana ML, Ullah MA, Neloy FH, Ramasamy S, Schreinemachers P, Oliva R, Rahman MT. Draft genome sequence of antibiotic-resistant Shigella flexneri MTR_GR_V146 strain isolated from a tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) sample collected from a peri-urban area of Bangladesh. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0009924. [PMID: 38411069 PMCID: PMC11008221 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00099-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study announces the genome sequence of the Shigella flexneri MTR_GR_V146 strain isolated from a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) sample in Bangladesh. This strain has a 4,624,521 bp genome length (coverage: 73.07×), 2 CRISPR arrays, 1 plasmid, 52 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 53 virulence factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California—Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pritom Kumar Pramanik
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Liton Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashek Ullah
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Fahim Haque Neloy
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Ren Y, Li Y, Loftus TJ, Balch J, Abbott KL, Ruppert MM, Guan Z, Shickel B, Rashidi P, Ozrazgat-Baslanti T, Bihorac A. Identifying acute illness phenotypes via deep temporal interpolation and clustering network on physiologic signatures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8442. [PMID: 38600110 PMCID: PMC11006654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Using clustering analysis for early vital signs, unique patient phenotypes with distinct pathophysiological signatures and clinical outcomes may be revealed and support early clinical decision-making. Phenotyping using early vital signs has proven challenging, as vital signs are typically sampled sporadically. We proposed a novel, deep temporal interpolation and clustering network to simultaneously extract latent representations from irregularly sampled vital signs and derive phenotypes. Four distinct clusters were identified. Phenotype A (18%) had the greatest prevalence of comorbid disease with increased prevalence of prolonged respiratory insufficiency, acute kidney injury, sepsis, and long-term (3-year) mortality. Phenotypes B (33%) and C (31%) had a diffuse pattern of mild organ dysfunction. Phenotype B's favorable short-term clinical outcomes were tempered by the second highest rate of long-term mortality. Phenotype C had favorable clinical outcomes. Phenotype D (17%) exhibited early and persistent hypotension, high incidence of early surgery, and substantial biomarker incidence of inflammation. Despite early and severe illness, phenotype D had the second lowest long-term mortality. After comparing the sequential organ failure assessment scores, the clustering results did not simply provide a recapitulation of previous acuity assessments. This tool may impact triage decisions and have significant implications for clinical decision-support under time constraints and uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Ren
- Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0254, USA
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tyler J Loftus
- Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy Balch
- Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth L Abbott
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew M Ruppert
- Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0254, USA
| | - Ziyuan Guan
- Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0254, USA
| | - Benjamin Shickel
- Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0254, USA
| | - Parisa Rashidi
- Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tezcan Ozrazgat-Baslanti
- Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0254, USA
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0254, USA.
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Vezeau N, Kahn L. Spread and mitigation of antimicrobial resistance at the wildlife-urban and wildlife-livestock interfaces. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38599234 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.02.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a health issue common to all One Health domains. Scientific understanding of what drives AMR and how it spreads is continually expanding. One such dimension of this expanding base of knowledge is the role wildlife populations play as reservoirs and spreaders of AMR. Indirect and direct sharing of resistant pathogens between wildlife and domestic animals occurs in a variety of ways across both the natural and built environment. Though AMR is found across much of the Earth's biome naturally, elevated levels in wildlife are largely attributed to the use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine, along with other uses of antimicrobials in human industry. On the basis of current research, wildlife species appear to be net recipients of AMR overall. However, wildlife can carry and spread AMR across individual ecosystems and to other ecosystems via water, soil, arthropod vectors, and several other routes of conveyance. In addition to creating potential health issues for wildlife animals themselves, this potentially poses risks for both companion and production animals. This is especially due to urban/suburban and rural wildlife, respectively. If health practitioners and other stakeholders are adequately aware, measures can be taken to reduce risks across each interface discussed. The companion Currents in One Health article by Vezeau and Kahn, AJVR, June 2024, addresses in further detail the many wildlife reservoirs of AMR that are currently identified, as well as directions for further research.
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Kuerbis A. Expanding and adapting prevention and treatment options for older adults who engage in harmful use of substances. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38590265 DOI: 10.1111/add.16499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Kuerbis
- Silberman School of Social Work, Hunter College at CUNY, New York, New York, USA
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Ghosh R, Konipo AN, Treleaven E, Rozenshteyn S, Beckerman J, Whidden C, Johnson A, Kayentao K, Liu J. Factors influencing pregnancy care and institutional delivery in rural Mali: a secondary baseline analysis of a cluster-randomised trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084315. [PMID: 38594181 PMCID: PMC11015193 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vast majority of the 300 000 pregnancy-related deaths every year occur in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Increased access to quality antepartum and intrapartum care can reduce pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. We used a population-based cross-sectional cohort design to: (1) examine the sociodemographic risk factors and structural barriers associated with pregnancy care-seeking and institutional delivery, and (2) investigate the influence of residential distance to the nearest primary health facility in a rural population in Mali. METHODS A baseline household survey of Malian women aged 15-49 years was conducted between December 2016 and January 2017, and those who delivereda baby in the 5 years preceding the survey were included. This study leverages the baseline survey data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial to conduct a secondary analysis. The outcomes were percentage of women who received any antenatal care (ANC) and institutional delivery; total number of ANC visits; four or more ANC visits; first ANC visit in the first trimester. RESULTS Of the 8575 women in the study, two-thirds received any ANC in their last pregnancy, one in 10 had four or more ANC visits and among those that received any ANC, about one-quarter received it in the first trimester. For every kilometre increase in distance to the nearest facility, the likelihood of the outcomes reduced by 5 percentage points (0.95; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98) for any ANC; 4 percentage points (0.96; 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98) for an additional ANC visit; 10 percentage points (0.90; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.95) for four or more ANC visits; 6 percentage points (0.94; 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98) for first ANC in the first trimester. In addition, there was a 35 percentage points (0.65; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.76) decrease in likelihood of institutional delivery if the residence was within 6.5 km to the nearest facility, beyond which there was no association with the place of delivery. We also found evidence of increase in likelihood of receiving any ANC care and its intensity increased with having some education or owning a business. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that education, occupation and distance are important determinants of pregnancy and delivery care in a rural Malian context. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02694055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Ghosh
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Emily Treleaven
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sasha Rozenshteyn
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Caroline Whidden
- MUSO, Route de 501 Lodgements SEMA, Bamako, Mali
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ari Johnson
- MUSO, Route de 501 Lodgements SEMA, Bamako, Mali
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- MUSO, Route de 501 Lodgements SEMA, Bamako, Mali
- Malaria Research & Training Centre, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jenny Liu
- Institute for Health & Aging, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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