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Modena R, Schena F. External training load and performance recovery after small-sided games in soccer: Insights for return-to-play management. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:315-329. [PMID: 38617408 PMCID: PMC11007412 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The return-to-play process' characteristics can vary by injury and sport type but are typically composed of phases of different durations, training targets, and intensities that gradually increase the physiological and mechanical load. In team sports, contact drills are a necessary part of the last phases of this process, and they should be planned using the optimal mechanical load. The present study investigated the external load and kinetic recovery in U19 soccer players performing 6vs6 and 3vs3 small-sided games. A global positioning system (GPS) measured external load metrics. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was registered at the end. Total quality of recovery (TQR) was collected at the beginning of the training session and after 24 h. Moreover, before and after the small-sided games (SSGs) and at 24 h, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the legs, sprinting time, and vertical jump height (CMJ) were collected. 6vs6 presented higher values in total distance low-, moderate-, high, and very-high-speed distance, and maximum speed (p < 0.05). However, 3vs3 showed higher number of sprints, acceleration, and deceleration at different intensities. Furthermore, no difference was shown in RPE. The effect of fatigue on sprint seems greater for 6vs6, showing an impairment persistent at 24 h (p < 0.05). Moreover, CMJ height was impaired after 6vs6 and at 24 h (p < 0.05) but did not change after 3vs3 (p > 0.05). DOMS values after SSGs and at 24 h were higher than baseline for both conditions (p < 0.05), while TQR decreased at 24 h in both conditions (p < 0.05). Based on our results, it seems that 6vs6, leading to a greater high-speed running distance, might cause a training load that needs more time to recover. This point may be crucial in a return-to-play process, especially when hamstring muscles are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Modena
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Center, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Federico Schena
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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McGinley J, Stapleton E, Gale E, Worrall H, Podvin C, Ellis HB, Wilson PL, Ulman S. Differences in athletic identity, sport participation, and psychosocial factors following anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation in youth athletes. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1303887. [PMID: 38259536 PMCID: PMC10800524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1303887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction While youth sports benefits the developing athlete, athletes may also be subject to injury and subsequent return-to-sport protocols. The current return-to-sport criteria emphasize physical measures; however, psychological measures may also be valuable to inform providers of an athlete's readiness. One such measure is athletic identity defined as the degree to which an individual identifies with the athlete role. To better understand athletic identity in return-to-sport, this study aimed to identify relationships and trends between the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), demographic variables, sport participation measures, and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) in youth athletes during rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods A retrospective review was completed of patients who underwent ACLR at a sports medicine clinic between October 2019 and May 2021. Patients responded to a series of patient reported outcomes (PROs) regarding physical and psychological function at a pre-surgical baseline and after 1 year of rehabilitation. Patients were then divided into groups of high/low AIMS and an increased/decreased AIMS between 1 year and baseline for comparison. Independent samples t-tests and ANOVAs were performed as appropriate with a 95% confidence interval. Results In the final sample, 87 patients (15.3 ± 1.8 years) were included, with 51.7% being females. Total AIMS scores decreased from 50.3 to 47.5 over rehabilitation (p = 0.019). Furthermore, results indicated that nearly all AIMS scores decreased during rehabilitation, with none showing an increase; however, not all domains were significant. Conversely, all sport participation and coping ability PROs increased over time points except for ACSI-Confidence and Achievement Motivation. Generally, those in the groups with high AIMS and an increase in AIMS also had higher scores in physical function and coping ability PROs, with the groups separated by high/low AIMS exhibiting more frequent statistical significance. Discussion Given these results, it appears that athletes may lose identification with the athlete role after ACLR and struggle even 1 year for rehabilitation, but those who recover athletic identity the best may also be those able to cope most effectively with the stressors induced by injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McGinley
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Emily Stapleton
- Department of Psychology, Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Emily Gale
- Department of Psychology, Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Hannah Worrall
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Caroline Podvin
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Henry B. Ellis
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Wilson
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sophia Ulman
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Rasmusen HK, Aarøe M, Madsen CV, Gudmundsdottir HL, Mertz KH, Mikkelsen AD, Dall CH, Brushøj C, Andersen JL, Vall-Lamora MHD, Bovin A, Magnusson SP, Thune JJ, Pecini R, Pedersen L. The COVID-19 in athletes (COVA) study: a national study on cardio-pulmonary involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection among elite athletes. Eur Clin Respir J 2023; 10:2149919. [PMCID: PMC9744211 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2022.2149919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 can cause cardiopulmonary involvement. Physical activity and cardiac complications can worsen prognosis, while pulmonary complications can reduce performance. Aims To determine the prevalence and clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 cardiopulmonary involvement in elite athletes. Methods An observational study between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021 with the assessment of coronary biomarkers, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, Holter-monitoring, spirometry, and chest X-ray in Danish elite athletes showed that PCR-tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The cohort consisted of male football players screened weekly (cohort I) and elite athletes on an international level only tested if they had symptoms, were near-contact, or participated in international competitions (cohort II). All athletes were categorized into two groups based on symptoms and duration of COVID-19: Group 1 had no cardiopulmonary symptoms and duration ≤7 days, and; Group 2 had cardiopulmonary symptoms or disease duration >7 days. Results In total 121 athletes who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. Cardiac involvement was identified in 2/121 (2%) and pulmonary involvement in 15/121 (12%) participants. In group 1, 87 (72%), no athletes presented with signs of cardiac involvement, and 8 (7%) were diagnosed with radiological COVID-19-related findings or obstructive lung function. In group 2, 34 (28%), two had myocarditis (6%), and 8 (24%) were diagnosed with radiological COVID-19-related findings or obstructive lung function. Conclusions These clinically-driven data show no signs of cardiac involvement among athletes who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection without cardiopulmonary symptoms and duration <7 days. Athletes with cardiopulmonary symptoms or prolonged duration of COVID-19 display, exercise-limiting cardiopulmonary involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Kruuse Rasmusen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark,CONTACT Hanne Kruuse Rasmusen Clinic of Sports Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University of Copenhagen Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 67, DK-2200Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Aarøe
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Valdorff Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kenneth Hudlebusch Mertz
- Institute of Sports medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Duus Mikkelsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Have Dall
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Brushøj
- Institute of Sports medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Løvind Andersen
- Institute of Sports medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ann Bovin
- Department of Cardiology, Vejle Hospital, Part of Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - S. Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Jakob Thune
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Redi Pecini
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Pedersen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Herman ZJ, Nazzal EM, Engler ID, Kaarre J, Drain NP, Sebastiani R, Tisherman RT, Rai A, Greiner JJ, Hughes JD, Lesniak BP, Lin A. Overhead athletes have comparable intraoperative injury patterns and clinical outcomes to non-overhead athletes following surgical stabilization for first-time anterior shoulder instability at average 6-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023:S1058-2746(23)00850-9. [PMID: 38081472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Anterior shoulder instability is a common problem affecting young, athletic populations that results in potential career-altering functional limitations. However, little is known regarding the differences in clinical outcomes after operative management of overhead vs. non-overhead athletes presenting with first-time anterior shoulder instability. We hypothesized that overhead athletes would have milder clinical presentations, similar surgical characteristics, and diminished postoperative outcomes when compared with non-overhead athletes after surgical stabilization following first-time anterior shoulder instability episodes. METHODS Patients with first-time anterior shoulder instability events (subluxations and dislocations) undergoing operative management between 2013 and 2020 were included. The exclusion criteria included multiple dislocations and multidirectional shoulder instability. Baseline demographic characteristics, imaging data, examination findings, and intraoperative findings were retrospectively collected. Patients were contacted to collect postoperative patient-reported outcomes including American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index score, Brophy activity index score, and Subjective Shoulder Value, in addition to return-to-work and -sport, recurrent dislocation, and revision rates. RESULTS A total of 256 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 178 (70%) were non-overhead athletes. The mean age of the entire population was 23.1 years. There was no significant difference in concomitant shoulder pathology, preoperative range of motion, or preoperative strength between cohorts. A greater proportion of overhead athletes presented with instability events not requiring manual reduction (defined as subluxations; 64.1% vs. 50.6%; P < .001) and underwent arthroscopic surgery (97% vs. 76%, P < .001) compared with non-overhead athletes. A smaller proportion of overhead athletes underwent open soft-tissue stabilization compared with non-overhead athletes (1% vs. 19%, P < .001). Outcome data were available for 60 patients with an average follow-up period of 6.7 years. No significant differences were found between groups with respect to recurrent postoperative instability event rate (13.0% for overhead athletes vs. 16.8% for non-overhead athletes), revision rate (13.0% for overhead athletes vs. 11.1% for non-overhead athletes), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index score, Brophy score, Subjective Shoulder Value, or rates of return to work or sport. CONCLUSION Overhead athletes who underwent surgery after an initial instability event were more likely to present with subluxations compared with non-overhead athletes. With limited follow-up subject to biases, this study found no differences in recurrence or revision rates, postoperative patient-reported outcomes, or return-to-work or -sport rates between overhead and non-overhead athletes undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery following first-time instability events. Although larger prospective studies are necessary to draw firmer conclusions, the findings of this study suggest that overhead athletes can be considered in the same treatment pathway for first-time dislocation as non-overhead athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Herman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ehab M Nazzal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Janina Kaarre
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Drain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Romano Sebastiani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert T Tisherman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryson P Lesniak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Albert Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Prince C, Latella S, Gachon B, Picot B. Reliability and validity of 2D-video analysis to objectively assess hamstring performance during the H-test. Sports Biomech 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37154270 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2203132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The H-test is commonly used during return-to-sport decisions after hamstring muscle injury. The primary aim was to evaluate the reliability of two-dimensional (2D) video analysis for the H-Test. The second aim was to assess its validity compared to an electronic gyroscope (gold standard), and the third aim was to establish normative values. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 30 healthy individuals. Mean, maximal velocities (VMean and Vmax) and range of motion (ROM) of hip flexion were captured during the H-test to evaluate inter-rater and test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) and standard error of measurement (SEM). Correlation analysis (r) and as typical error of estimate (TEE) were used to assess the validity between the video and the gyroscope. Reliability was excellent for ROM (ICC:0.91, [95% CI:0.83-0.95]), moderate for VMean (ICC:0.57; [95% CI:0.32-0.74]) and VMax (ICC:0.64, [95% CI:0.43-0.79]). Strong positive correlations were found between video and gyroscope for VMean (r = 0.79, [95% CI:0.71-0.86]) and VMax (r = 0.84, [95% CI:0.77-0.89]) and very strong for ROM (r = 0.89, [95% CI:0.85-0.93]). Males exhibited a higher VMax (p < 0.001) than females, while females had a higher ROM (p < 0.001). 2D-video analysis is a valid and reliable method to assess ROM during the H-Test and could easily be implemented in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Prince
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry, France
- Physiotherapy Department and Motion Analysis Lab, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
- Société Française des Masseurs Kinésithérapeute du Sport, SFMKS-Lab, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sébastien Latella
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry, France
| | - Benoit Gachon
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry, France
| | - Brice Picot
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry, France
- Société Française des Masseurs Kinésithérapeute du Sport, SFMKS-Lab, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
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Ren R, Spaan J, Jordan A, Shafiro A, Su EP. Novel Use of an Accelerometer to Assess Load Asymmetry Over Time After Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2023:S0883-5403(23)00356-X. [PMID: 37068566 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited knowledge regarding usage of wearable technology to guide return to sport after hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). This study evaluated the use of accelerometers to identify when symmetry is restored between operative and non-operative limbs. METHODS A total of 26 primary HRA patients performed five validated physical tests before, 3 and 6 months after HRA: broad jump, double leg vertical jump (DLVJ), hop test, lateral single leg jump (LSLJ), and vertical single leg jump (VSLJ). Impact load and average intensity data (g-force units) were collected using accelerometers. Strength data (pounds (lbs.)) for internal and external rotation was collected with a dynamometer. Univariate and correlation analyses analyzed interlimb asymmetries. RESULTS At pre-operation, there were significant impact load asymmetries for DLVJ (P=.008), hop test (P=.021), and LSLJ (P=.003), and intensity asymmetry for DLVJ (P=.010) and LSLJ (P=.003). At 3 months, there was impact load asymmetry for DLVJ (P=.005) and LSLJ (P=.005), and intensity asymmetry for broad jump (P=.020), hop test (P=.042), and LSLJ (P=.005). There were significant strength asymmetries at pre- and 3 months post-operation for internal (P=.013) and external rotation (P=.037). All significant asymmetries indicated the non-operative leg had greater output. No significant asymmetries were found for any exercises at 6 months post-operation. An increase in Harris Hip Score was significantly associated with a decrease in impact asymmetry (rs = -0.269, P=.006). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Impact loads and strength reach interlimb symmetry at 6 months post-HRA. Wearable accelerometers provide useful metrics to distinguish limb asymmetries for recovery monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Ren
- Division of Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States.
| | - Jonathan Spaan
- Division of Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Andrew Jordan
- Division of Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Shafiro
- Division of Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Edwin P Su
- Division of Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
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Perret M, Warby S, Brais G, Hinse S, Hoy S, Hoy G. Return to Professional Australian Rules Football After Surgery for Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:3066-3075. [PMID: 34398642 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211029022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of traumatic anterior shoulder instability in professional Australian Football League (AFL) players is challenging, with an emphasis on early return to play and avoidance of instability recurrence. PURPOSE To investigate return-to-sport (RTS) outcomes and complications after 2 different procedures for traumatic anterior shoulder instability in professional AFL players. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our surgical database for professional AFL players who underwent capsulolabral stabilization or open Latarjet procedure by a single surgeon between 2006 and 2017. Outcomes included RTS, on-field performance, and complications. Between-group analyses for RTS and complications were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Within-group analyses for on-field performance data were performed using paired t tests with significance set at .05. RESULTS A total of 58 capsulolabral stabilization procedures in 54 players and 32 Latarjet procedures in 29 players were included in the analysis; 93.1% of capsulolabral patients and 96.9% of Latarjet patients returned to professional AFL. The median RTS time was 6.8 months for the capsulolabral group and 7.3 months for the Latarjet group. There was no significant difference in RTS rates between the 2 groups (P = .270). Of those undergoing surgery early in the season, 75% of the capsulolabral and 71% of Latarjet group were able to RTS within the same season, at a mean time of 16.9 weeks and 18.8 weeks, respectively. There was a significant difference in instability recurrence, with 19% for the capsulolabral group and no recurrence in the Latarjet group (P = .017). There was no significant reduction in player on-field performance in either group (P < .05). CONCLUSION In this study, the median RTS in AFL players was approximately 7 months after capsulolabral and Latarjet surgery with no compromise to on-field performance. Instability-related complications occurred only in the capsulolabral group, and the incidence increased with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Perret
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Perth Shoulder Clinic, Bethesda Hospital, Orthopaedic Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Warby
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Shoulder Group, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Godefroy Brais
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sophie Hoy
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory Hoy
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Shoulder Group, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Kasmi S, Zouhal H, Hammami R, Clark CCT, Hackney AC, Hammami A, Chtara M, Chortane SG, Salah FZB, Granacher U, Ounis OB. The Effects of Eccentric and Plyometric Training Programs and Their Combination on Stability and the Functional Performance in the Post-ACL-Surgical Rehabilitation Period of Elite Female Athletes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:688385. [PMID: 34276409 PMCID: PMC8283277 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard method to treat physically active patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is ligament reconstruction surgery. The rehabilitation training program is very important to improve functional performance in recreational athletes following ACL reconstruction. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to compare the effects of three different training programs, eccentric training (ECC), plyometric training (PLYO), or combined eccentric and plyometric training (COMB), on dynamic balance (Y-BAL), the Lysholm Knee Scale (LKS), the return to sport index (RSI), and the leg symmetry index (LSI) for the single leg hop test for distance in elite female athletes after ACL surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen weeks after rehabilitation from surgery, 40 elite female athletes (20.3 ± 3.2 years), who had undergone an ACL reconstruction, participated in a short-term (6 weeks; two times a week) training study. All participants received the same rehabilitation protocol prior to the training study. Athletes were randomly assigned to three experimental groups, ECC (n = 10), PLYO (n = 10), and COMB (n = 10), and to a control group (CON: n = 10). Testing was conducted before and after the 6-week training programs and included the Y-BAL, LKS, and RSI. LSI was assessed after the 6-week training programs only. RESULTS Adherence rate was 100% across all groups and no training or test-related injuries were reported. No significant between-group baseline differences (pre-6-week training) were observed for any of the parameters. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for Y-BAL (p < 0.001, ES = 1.73), LKS (p < 0.001, ES = 0.76), and RSI (p < 0.001, ES = 1.39). Contrast analysis demonstrated that COMB yielded significantly greater improvements in Y-BAL, LKS, and RSI (all p < 0.001), in addition to significantly better performances in LSI (all p < 0.001), than CON, PLYO, and ECC, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, combined (eccentric/plyometric) training seems to represent the most effective training method as it exerts positive effects on both stability and functional performance in the post-ACL-surgical rehabilitation period of elite female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofien Kasmi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Posturology and Functional Rehabilitation, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S Laboratory (Movement Sport Science Laboratory), Université Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Raouf Hammami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motor Skills, Sports and Health (EM2S, UR15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C. Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Amri Hammami
- Laboratory of Physiology, Ibn El Jazzar Medical Faculty of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Chtara
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Fatma Zohra Ben Salah
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Orthopedics “M.T. Kassab,”Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Omar Ben Ounis
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Tunis, Tunisia
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10
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Taylor JB, Ford KR, Queen RM, Owen EC, Gisselman AS. Incorporating Internal and External Training Load Measurements in Clinical Decision Making After ACL Reconstruction: A Clinical Commentary. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:565-578. [PMID: 33842052 PMCID: PMC8016425 DOI: 10.26603/001c.21152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Poor outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr), including the relatively high risk of suffering a subsequent ACL injury, suggest the need to optimize rehabilitation and return-to-sport testing. The purpose of this commentary is to introduce clinicians to the concept of monitoring training load during rehabilitation, to review methods of quantifying internal and external loads, and to suggest ways that these technologies can be incorporated into rehabilitation progressions and return-to-sport decisions after anterior ACLr. DESCRIPTION OF TOPIC WITH RELATED EVIDENCE Quantifying and identifying the effects of training load variables, external (distance, impacts, decelerations) and internal (heart rate, heart rate variability) workload, during rehabilitation can indicate both positive (improved physical, physiological, or psychological capacity) or negative (heightened risk for injury or illness) adaptations and allow for the ideal progression of exercise prescription. When used during return-to-sport testing, wearable technology can provide robust measures of movement quality, readiness, and asymmetry not identified during performance-based testing. DISCUSSION / RELATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Researchers have reported the actual in-game demands of men and women of various ages and competition levels during multi-directional sport. Wearable technology can provide similar variables during rehabilitation, home exercise programs, and during on-field transition back to sport to ensure patients have met the expected fitness capacity of their sport. Additionally, clinicians can use internal load measures to objectively monitor patient's physiological responses to rehabilitation progressions and recovery rather than relying on subjective patient-reported data. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Read PJ, Davies WT, Bishop C, Mc Auliffe S, Wilson MG, Turner AN. Residual deficits in reactive strength indicate incomplete restoration of athletic qualities following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in professional soccer players. J Athl Train 2020:446981. [PMID: 33150442 DOI: 10.4085/169-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Deficits in plyometric abilities are common following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Vertical rebound tasks may provide a targeted evaluation of knee function. OBJECTIVE Examine the utility of a vertical hop test to assess function following ACLR and establish factors associated with performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional Setting: Rehabilitation Participants: Soccer players with a history of ACLR (N = 73) and matched controls (N = 195) Main outcome measures: 10 second vertical hop test including measures of jump height, reactive strength index (RSI) and asymmetry. We also examined possible predictors of hop performance including single leg vertical drop jump (SLDVJ), isokinetic knee extension strength, and the international knee documentation committee questionnaire. RESULTS Significant between-limb differences were identified for the ACLR group only and asymmetry scores increased in those with a history of ACLR (P < 0.001) compared to controls. SLDVJ RSI and knee extension torque were significant predictors of 10 second hop height (R2 = 20.1%) and RSI (R2 = 47.1%). CONCLUSIONS Vertical hop deficits are present following ACLR even after completing a comprehensive rehabilitation program. This may be due to reduced knee extension and reactive strength. Vertical hop tests warrant inclusion as part of return to sport test battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Read
- 1. Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
- 2. University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - William T Davies
- 1. Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris Bishop
- 3. London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Sean Mc Auliffe
- 1. Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
- 4. Qatar University, Physiotherapy Program, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- 1. Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
- 3. London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
- 5. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Capin JJ, Khandha A, Zarzycki R, Manal K, Buchanan TS, Snyder-Mackler L. Gait mechanics and second ACL rupture: Implications for delaying return-to-sport. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1894-1901. [PMID: 27859527 PMCID: PMC5423861 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Second anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a common and devastating injury among young women who return to sport after ACL reconstruction, but it is inadequately understood. The purpose of this study was to compare gait biomechanics and return-to-sport time frames in a matched cohort of young female athletes who, after primary ACLR, returned to sport without re-injury or sustained a second ACL injury. Approximately 6 months after primary reconstruction, 14 young women (age 16 ± 2 years) involved in jumping, cutting, and pivoting sports underwent motion analysis testing after physical therapy and impairment resolution. Following objective return-to-sport clearance, seven athletes sustained a second ACL rupture within 20 months of surgery (13.4 ± 4.9 months). We matched them by age, sex, and sport-level to seven athletes who returned to sports without re-injury. Data were analyzed using a previously validated, EMG-informed, patient-specific musculoskeletal model. Compared to athletes without re-injury, athletes who sustained a second ACL injury received surgery sooner (p = 0.023), had post-operative impairments resolved earlier (p = 0.022), reached criterion-based return-to-sport benchmarks earlier (p = 0.024), had higher body mass index (p = 0.039), and walked with lower peak knee flexor muscle forces bilaterally (p = 0.021). Athletes who sustained a second injury also tended to walk with larger (p = 0.089) and more symmetrical peak knee flexion angles and less co-contraction, all indicative of a more normal gait pattern. Statement of Clinical Significance: Delayed return-to-sport clearance even in the absence of gait or clinical impairments following primary ACL reconstruction may be necessary to mitigate second ACL injury risk in young women. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1894-1901, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Capin
- Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Ryan Zarzycki
- Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kurt Manal
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Thomas S. Buchanan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lynn Snyder-Mackler
- Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Kuhns BD, Weber AE, Batko B, Nho SJ, Stegemann C. A FOUR-PHASE PHYSICAL THERAPY REGIMEN FOR RETURNING ATHLETES TO SPORT FOLLOWING HIP ARTHROSCOPY FOR FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT WITH ROUTINE CAPSULAR CLOSURE. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12:683-696. [PMID: 28900574 PMCID: PMC5534158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hip preservation surgery has become more common over the past decade and is now a preferred treatment modality for an increasingly diverse array of pathology in the young, active patient with hip pain. In particular, hip arthroscopy has become an increasingly popular treatment choice for active patients diagnosed with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Appropriate postoperative rehabilitation is critical for overall patient success and optimal long-term outcome. As surgical techniques continue to evolve, rehabilitation protocols must adapt to accommodate changes in the surgical procedure and ultimately provide the safest and fastest recovery of function for the patient. One such surgical modification has been the incorporation of routine capsular closure as part of the treatment of FAI in the young, active patient. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to present a four-phase rehabilitation protocol for returning to sport following arthroscopic correction of FAI with routine capsular closure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Kuhns
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexander E. Weber
- Hip Preservation Center, Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Batko
- Hip Preservation Center, Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shane J. Nho
- Hip Preservation Center, Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Levy DM, Kuhns BD, Frank RM, Grzybowski JS, Campbell KA, Brown S, Nho SJ. High Rate of Return to Running for Athletes After Hip Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement and Capsular Plication. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:127-134. [PMID: 27620622 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516664883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is most commonly diagnosed in athletes who sustain repetitive flexion loading to their hips. No studies to date have focused solely on patients' return-to-running ability after hip arthroscopy. PURPOSE To evaluate patients' ability to return to running after hip arthroscopy for FAI and capsular plication. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS Clinical data were retrospectively retrieved for 51 consecutive patients with FAI (22 men, 29 women) who had undergone hip arthroscopy for the treatment of FAI and identified themselves as recreational or competitive runners on intake forms. Two-year outcome measures included the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and the Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) and Sport-Specific (HOS-SS) subscales. A postoperative return-to-running survey was used to obtain running-specific information. RESULTS Patient age and body mass index (BMI) were a mean (±SD) of 26.3 ± 7.8 years and 23.7 ± 3.3 kg/m2, respectively. Before surgery, patients had refrained from running because of pain for a mean of 8.1 ± 5.7 months. After surgery, 48 patients (94%) returned to running at a mean of 8.5 ± 4.2 months. Patients who had discontinued running for more than 8 months before surgery had a longer return-to-running time than did those who had stopped for less than 8 months (10.6 ± 4.2 vs 7.6 ± 4.1 months; P = .01). After 2 years, mean preoperative distance had decreased significantly ( P < .01) from 9.5 ± 6.5 miles per week when healthy to 6.4 ± 5.8 miles postoperatively. Despite decreased mileage, all 2-year outcomes scores improved significantly ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Recreational and competitive runners with FAI returned to running 94% of the time at a mean of 8.5 months after hip arthroscopy. However, runners should be counseled before their surgery that they may run fewer miles than when they were pain free. Additionally, patients with a higher BMI and/or longer preoperative lull may have a longer recovery time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Levy
- Hip Preservation Center, Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin D Kuhns
- Hip Preservation Center, Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel M Frank
- Hip Preservation Center, Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Grzybowski
- Hip Preservation Center, Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kirk A Campbell
- Hip Preservation Center, Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara Brown
- Chicago Primary Care Sports Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shane J Nho
- Hip Preservation Center, Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Lentz TA, Zeppieri G, George SZ, Tillman SM, Moser MW, Farmer KW, Chmielewski TL. Comparison of physical impairment, functional, and psychosocial measures based on fear of reinjury/lack of confidence and return-to-sport status after ACL reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:345-53. [PMID: 25480833 DOI: 10.1177/0363546514559707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of reinjury and lack of confidence influence return-to-sport outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The physical, psychosocial, and functional recovery of patients reporting fear of reinjury or lack of confidence as their primary barrier to resuming sports participation is unknown. PURPOSE To compare physical impairment, functional, and psychosocial measures between subgroups based on return-to-sport status and fear of reinjury/lack of confidence in the return-to-sport stage and to determine the association of physical impairment and psychosocial measures with function for each subgroup at 6 months and 1 year after surgery. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Physical impairment (quadriceps index [QI], quadriceps strength/body weight [QSBW], hamstring:quadriceps strength ratio [HQ ratio], pain intensity), self-report of function (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC]), and psychosocial (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-shortened form [TSK-11]) measures were collected at 6 months and 1 year after surgery in 73 patients with ACL reconstruction. At 1 year, subjects were divided into "return-to-sport" (YRTS) or "not return-to-sport" (NRTS) subgroups based on their self-reported return to preinjury sport status. Patients in the NRTS subgroup were subcategorized as NRTS-Fear/Confidence if fear of reinjury/lack of confidence was the primary reason for not returning to sports, and all others were categorized as NRTS-Other. RESULTS A total of 46 subjects were assigned to YRTS, 13 to NRTS-Other, and 14 to NRTS-Fear/Confidence. Compared with the YRTS subgroup, the NRTS-Fear/Confidence subgroup was older and had lower QSBW, lower IKDC score, and higher TSK-11 score at 6 months and 1 year; however, they had similar pain levels. In the NRTS-Fear/Confidence subgroup, the IKDC score was associated with QSBW and pain at 6 months and QSBW, QI, pain, and TSK-11 scores at 1 year. CONCLUSION Elevated pain-related fear of movement/reinjury, quadriceps weakness, and reduced IKDC score distinguish patients who are unable to return to preinjury sports participation because of fear of reinjury/lack of confidence. Despite low average pain ratings, fear of pain may influence function in this subgroup. Assessment of fear of reinjury, quadriceps strength, and self-reported function at 6 months may help identify patients at risk for not returning to sports at 1 year and should be considered for inclusion in return-to-sport guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Lentz
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA Shands Rehabilitation, UF Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Giorgio Zeppieri
- Shands Rehabilitation, UF Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steven Z George
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Susan M Tillman
- Shands Rehabilitation, UF Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael W Moser
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin W Farmer
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Terese L Chmielewski
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Brumitt J, Meira EP, En Gilpin H, Brunette M. Comprehensive strength training program for a recreational senior golfer 11-months after a rotator cuff repair. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2011; 6:343-356. [PMID: 22163096 PMCID: PMC3230162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Golf is a popular sport played by hundreds of thousands of individuals of all ages and of varying skill levels. An orthopedic or sports-related injury and/or surgery may limit an individual's sport participation, require him/her to complete a course of rehabilitation, and initiate (or resume) a sport-specific training program. Unlike the availability of evidence to guide postsurgical rehabilitation and sport-specific training of athletes from sports other than golf, there have only been two reports describing outcomes after surgery and for golfers. The purpose of this case report is to present a post-rehabilitation return to sport-training program for a recreational golfer 11-months after a rotator cuff repair. CASE DESCRIPTION The subject, a 67-year old female, injured her right shoulder requiring a rotator cuff repair 11-months prior to her participation in a golf fitness training program. The subject participated in six training sessions over seven week period consisting of general strengthening exercises (including exercises for the rotator cuff), exercises for the core, plyometrics, and power exercises. OUTCOMES The subject made improvements in power and muscular endurance of the core. She was able to resume golf at the completion of the training program. DISCUSSION The subject was able to make functional improvements and return to golf after participation in a comprehensive strength program. Additional studies are necessary to improve program design for golfers who wish to return to sport after shoulder surgery.
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